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Rasuli N, Riahi H, Shariatmadari Z, Nohooji MG, Dehestani A, MehrabanJoubani P. Growth enhancement, metabolic profile improvement, and DXR and TPS2 gene expression changes in Thymus vulgaris L. by cyanobacterial inoculation. JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE 2024; 104:5751-5763. [PMID: 38381096 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.13404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2023] [Revised: 12/04/2023] [Accepted: 02/16/2024] [Indexed: 02/22/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In recent decades cyanobacterial species have attracted research attention as potential sources of new biostimulants. In this study, the biostimulant effects of five cyanobacterial suspensions on the growth and essential oil composition of Thymus vulgaris L. were evaluated. The expression of key genes involved in the biosynthesis of thymol and carvacrol, such as DXR and TPS2, were investigated. RESULTS A pot culture experiment revealed that cyanobacterial application significantly improved T. vulgaris L. growth indices, including plant height, dry and fresh weight, leaf and flower number, leaf area, and photosynthetic pigment content. Total phenol and flavonoid content in inoculated plants also showed a significant increase compared with the control. Anabaena torulosa ISB213 inoculation significantly increased root and shoot biomass by about 65.38% and 92.98% compared with the control, respectively. Nostoc calcicola ISB215 inoculation resulted in the highest amount of essential oil accumulation (18.08 ± 0.62) in T. vulgaris leaves, by about 72.19% compared with the control (10.5 ± 0.50%). Interestingly, the amount of limonene in the Nostoc ellipsosporum ISB217 treatment (1.67%) increased significantly compared with the control and other treatments. The highest expression rates of DXR and TPS2 genes were observed in the treatment of N. ellipsosporum ISB217, with 5.92-fold and 5.22-fold increases over the control, respectively. CONCLUSION This research revealed the potential of the cyanobacteria that were studied as promising biostimulants to increase the production of biomass and secondary metabolites of T. vulgaris L., which could be a suitable alternative to chemical fertilizers. © 2024 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nasim Rasuli
- Department of Plant Sciences and Biotechnology, Faculty of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hossein Riahi
- Department of Plant Sciences and Biotechnology, Faculty of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Zeinab Shariatmadari
- Department of Plant Sciences and Biotechnology, Faculty of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Ali Dehestani
- Genetics and Agricultural Biotechnology Institute of Tabarestan, Sari Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources University, Sari, Iran
| | - Pooyan MehrabanJoubani
- Department of Basic Sciences, Sari Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources University, Sari, Iran
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Gostin IN, Blidar CF. Glandular Trichomes and Essential Oils Variability in Species of the Genus Phlomis L.: A Review. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 13:1338. [PMID: 38794409 PMCID: PMC11125434 DOI: 10.3390/plants13101338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2024] [Revised: 05/09/2024] [Accepted: 05/09/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024]
Abstract
The genus Phlomis is one of the largest genera in the Lamiaceae family and includes species used since ancient times in traditional medicine, as flavoring for food and as fragrance in cosmetics. The secretory structures (represented by glandular trichomes) as well as the essential oils produced by them constitute the subject of this review. While representatives of this genus are not typically regarded as large producers of essential oils compared to other species of the Lamiaceae family, the components identified in their essential oils and their biological properties necessitate more investigation of this genus. A comprehensive analysis of the specialized literature was conducted for each of the 93 currently accepted species to identify all the results obtained by researchers regarding the secretory structures and essential oils of this genus up to the present time. Glandular trichomes, still insufficiently studied, present morphological peculiarities that differentiate this genus within the family: they are of two categories: capitate (with a wide distribution in this genus) and dendroid. The peltate trichomes, characteristic of many species of this family, are absent. The essential oils from the species of the genus Phlomis have been much more widely studied than the secretory structures. They show considerable variability depending on the species and the environmental conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irina Neta Gostin
- Faculty of Biology, “Alexandru Ioan Cuza” University of Iași, Bdul Carol I, No. 11, 700506 Iasi, Romania
| | - Cristian Felix Blidar
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Informatics and Sciences, University of Oradea, Street Universităţii No. 1, 410087 Oradea, Romania;
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Kusmiati K, Fanani A, Nurkanto A, Purnaningsih I, Mamangkey J, Ramadhani I, Nurcahyanto DA, Simanjuntak P, Afiati F, Irawan H, Puteri AL, Ewaldo MF, Juanssilfero AB. Profile and in silico analysis of metabolite compounds of the endophytic fungus Alternaria alternata K-10 from Drymoglossum piloselloides as antioxidants and antibacterials. Heliyon 2024; 10:e27978. [PMID: 38524563 PMCID: PMC10958433 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e27978] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2023] [Revised: 03/06/2024] [Accepted: 03/08/2024] [Indexed: 03/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Endophytic fungi are known for producing secondary metabolites with valuable biological activities, including antiviral, anticancer, antibacterial, and antioxidant properties. This study aims to evaluate an endophytic fungus from Dragon Scales leaves (Drymoglossum piloselloides) and analyze its metabolites as antioxidants and antibacterials. In this study, an endophytic fungus was isolated from the leaves of Dragon Scales (D. piloselloides) and identified using molecular analysis of the Internal Transcribed Spacer (ITS) ribosomal RNA locus. The fungus was authenticated as Alternaria alternata strain K-10. Crude extracts were obtained using n-hexane and ethyl acetate and analyzed via GC-MS Shimadzu-QP 2010 Ultra with NIST spectral library. Antibacterial activity was observed against Bacillus subtilis, Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa using the paper disc method, showing inhibition zones of 8.7-9.3 mm and 8.8-9.4 mm for ethyl acetate and n-hexane extracts, respectively. Ethyl acetate and n-hexane extracts exhibited strong antioxidant potential against 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazil (DPPH) radical (IC50 values of 50.99 μg mL-1 and 74.44 μg mL-1, respectively). GC-MS analysis revealed 40 compounds in both extracts, some of which, including 2-ethylhexyl ester benzoic acid, benzo-b-dihydropyran-6-hydroxy-4-4-5-7-8-pentamethyl, diethyl phthalate, and octadecanoic acid, were identified through in silico analysis and found to possess antioxidant properties. These findings hold implications for potential applications of the plant and its biological constituent to be developed as lead compounds in the medical sector.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kusmiati Kusmiati
- Research Center for Biosystematics and Evolution- Research Organization for Life Sciences and Environment, The National Research and Innovation Agency (BRIN), Indonesia
| | - Asrul Fanani
- Research and Education Center for Bioinformatics, Indonesia Institute of Bioinformatics, Malang, 65162, Indonesia
| | - Arif Nurkanto
- Research Center for Biosystematics and Evolution- Research Organization for Life Sciences and Environment, The National Research and Innovation Agency (BRIN), Indonesia
| | - Ismu Purnaningsih
- Directorate of Scientific Collection Management, The National Research and Innovation Agency (BRIN)- KST Soekarno, Jl Raya Bogor Km 46, Cibinong Bogor, 16911, Indonesia
| | - Jendri Mamangkey
- Department of Biology Education, Faculty of Education and Teacher Training, Universitas Kristen Indonesia, Jakarta, Indonesia
- Research Center for Genetic Engineering, Research Organization for Life Sciences and Environment, National Research and Innovation Agency (BRIN), KST Soekarno, Cibinong, Bogor, Indonesia
| | - Indriati Ramadhani
- Research Center for Biosystematics and Evolution- Research Organization for Life Sciences and Environment, The National Research and Innovation Agency (BRIN), Indonesia
| | - Dian Alfian Nurcahyanto
- Research Center for Biosystematics and Evolution- Research Organization for Life Sciences and Environment, The National Research and Innovation Agency (BRIN), Indonesia
| | - Partomuan Simanjuntak
- Research Center for Pharmaceutical Ingredient and Traditional Medicine, National Research and Innovation Agency (BRIN), Indonesia
| | - Fifi Afiati
- Research Center for Applied Microbiology-Research Organization for Life Sciences and Environment, The National Research and Innovation Agency (BRIN), Indonesia
| | - Herman Irawan
- Research Center for Genetic Engineering, Research Organization for Life Sciences and Environment, National Research and Innovation Agency (BRIN), KST Soekarno, Cibinong, Bogor, Indonesia
| | - Ade Lia Puteri
- Research Center for Biosystematics and Evolution- Research Organization for Life Sciences and Environment, The National Research and Innovation Agency (BRIN), Indonesia
| | - Muhammad Farrel Ewaldo
- Master's Programme in Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Indonesia Jl. Salemba Raya – Jakarta Pusat, Indonesia
| | - Ario Betha Juanssilfero
- Research Center for Applied Microbiology-Research Organization for Life Sciences and Environment, The National Research and Innovation Agency (BRIN), Indonesia
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Ndhlala AR, Işık M, Kavaz Yüksel A, Dikici E. Phenolic Content Analysis of Two Species Belonging to the Lamiaceae Family: Antioxidant, Anticholinergic, and Antibacterial Activities. Molecules 2024; 29:480. [PMID: 38257392 PMCID: PMC10821218 DOI: 10.3390/molecules29020480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2023] [Revised: 01/14/2024] [Accepted: 01/15/2024] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
The Lamiaceae family are utilized as ornamental, medicinal, and food supplements throughout the world. The current study focuses on a comparative analysis of the phenolic compositions and bioactivities (including antioxidant, anticholinergic, and antibacterial activities) of ethanolic extracts derived from the aerial parts of the two species (Lavandula stoechas L. and Thymus sipyleus Boiss). The presence of phenolic compounds and phytochemicals in the plant extracts was identified using the LC-MS/MS technique. The LC-MS/MS analysis revealed that vanillic acid (125,596.66 µg/L) was the most abundant phytochemical in L. stoechas. Kaempferol (8550.52 µg/L) was the most abundant substance in Thymus sipyleus. The assessment of the antioxidant efficacy of the species extracts was conducted using the DPPH (2.2-diphenyl-1-picryl-hydrazyl-hydrate), ABTS (2.2'-azino-bis (3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid)), Fe3+-Fe2+ reducing, and CUPRAC (Cu2+-Cu+ reducing) assays. The anticholinergic activity of the samples was determined using the acetylcholinesterase (AChE) inhibition assay. The results of antioxidant activity were higher in the T. sipyleus than in the L. stoechas ethanol extracts. The extracts of L. stoechas exhibited radical scavenging activity ranging from 15 to 18%, while T. sipyleus had activity effects ranging from 34% to 38%. The AChE inhibition potential for L. stoechas and T. sipyleus extracts as IC50 values were 0.221 ± 0.01 mg/mL and 0.067 ± 0.02 mg/mL, respectively. The antibacterial effects of the ethanolic extracts of these species against pathogenic bacteria isolates were determined using the MIC (minimal inhibitory concentration) method. These findings indicated that the extracts from L. stoechas and T. sipyleus possess the potential to be natural antioxidants in the realm of food preservation. Additionally, their antioxidant, anticholinergic, and antimicrobial properties suggest potential therapeutic utility in the management of certain diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashwell R. Ndhlala
- Green Biotechnologies Research Centre, School of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, University of Limpopo, Private Bag X1106, Sovenga 0727, South Africa;
| | - Mesut Işık
- Department of Bioengineering, Faculty of Engineering, Bilecik Şeyh Edebali University, Bilecik 11230, Turkey
| | - Arzu Kavaz Yüksel
- Department of Food Technology, Technical Sciences Vocational School, Atatürk University, Erzurum 25030, Turkey;
| | - Emrah Dikici
- Science and Technology Application and Research Center, Aksaray University, Aksaray 68100, Turkey;
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Dong Y, Wei Z, Yang R, Zhang Y, Sun M, Bai H, Mo M, Yao C, Li H, Shi L. Chemical Compositions of Essential Oil Extracted from Eight Thyme Species and Potential Biological Functions. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 12:4164. [PMID: 38140491 PMCID: PMC10747983 DOI: 10.3390/plants12244164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2023] [Revised: 12/12/2023] [Accepted: 12/12/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023]
Abstract
Thymus is an herbaceous perennial or subshrub of the Lamiaceae family and is widely distributed worldwide. Essential oils extracted from thymus have attracted much attention, owing to their potential biological functions. Here, we evaluated the chemical compositions of eight thyme essential oils (TEOs) using gas chromatography mass spectrometry and assessed their antioxidant activity. The results showed that (1) the main components in eight TEOs were monoterpene hydrocarbons and oxygenated monoterpenes (84.26-92.84%), and the chemical compositions of the TEOs were affected by the specie factor; (2) eight TEOs could be divided into three groups (thymol-, geraniol-, and nerol acetate-types), and thymol was the main type; (3) eight TEOs had some common compounds, such as thymol and p-cymene, which were the main components in seven TEOs; (4) eight TEOs had antioxidant activity, and Thymus pulegioides, Thymus thracicus, and Thymus serpyllum EOs had stronger antioxidant activity than vitamin E (0.07-0.27 fold) at a concentration of 1 mg/mL, while Thymus quinquecostatus and Thymus longicaulis EOs had relatively weak antioxidant activity. In addition, three chemical type standards were used to evaluate potential roles in antibacterial and tumor therapy. The results showed that thymol had strong antibacterial activity against the growth of Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus, and antimigratory activity for A549 cell. Overall, our results can provide a theoretical basis for further exploring the function of natural products from thyme essential oils.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanmei Dong
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Diversity and Specialty Crops, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093, China; (Y.D.); (Z.W.); (R.Y.); (Y.Z.); (M.S.); (H.B.)
- China National Botanical Garden, Beijing 100093, China
| | - Ziling Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Diversity and Specialty Crops, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093, China; (Y.D.); (Z.W.); (R.Y.); (Y.Z.); (M.S.); (H.B.)
- China National Botanical Garden, Beijing 100093, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Rui Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Diversity and Specialty Crops, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093, China; (Y.D.); (Z.W.); (R.Y.); (Y.Z.); (M.S.); (H.B.)
- China National Botanical Garden, Beijing 100093, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Yanan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Diversity and Specialty Crops, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093, China; (Y.D.); (Z.W.); (R.Y.); (Y.Z.); (M.S.); (H.B.)
- China National Botanical Garden, Beijing 100093, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Meiyu Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Diversity and Specialty Crops, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093, China; (Y.D.); (Z.W.); (R.Y.); (Y.Z.); (M.S.); (H.B.)
- China National Botanical Garden, Beijing 100093, China
| | - Hongtong Bai
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Diversity and Specialty Crops, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093, China; (Y.D.); (Z.W.); (R.Y.); (Y.Z.); (M.S.); (H.B.)
- China National Botanical Garden, Beijing 100093, China
| | - Meiling Mo
- Sinno Cosmetics Co., Ltd., Zhongshan 528451, China; (M.M.); (C.Y.)
| | - Chunlei Yao
- Sinno Cosmetics Co., Ltd., Zhongshan 528451, China; (M.M.); (C.Y.)
| | - Hui Li
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Diversity and Specialty Crops, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093, China; (Y.D.); (Z.W.); (R.Y.); (Y.Z.); (M.S.); (H.B.)
- China National Botanical Garden, Beijing 100093, China
| | - Lei Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Diversity and Specialty Crops, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093, China; (Y.D.); (Z.W.); (R.Y.); (Y.Z.); (M.S.); (H.B.)
- China National Botanical Garden, Beijing 100093, China
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6
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Lee YR, Lee HB, Oh MJ, Kim Y, Park HY. Thyme Extract Alleviates High-Fat Diet-Induced Obesity and Gut Dysfunction. Nutrients 2023; 15:5007. [PMID: 38068865 PMCID: PMC10708554 DOI: 10.3390/nu15235007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2023] [Revised: 11/24/2023] [Accepted: 12/02/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Prolonged intake of a high-fat diet (HFD) disturbs the composition of gut microbiota, contributing to the development of metabolic diseases, notably obesity and increased intestinal permeability. Thyme (Thymus vulgaris L.), an aromatic plant, is known for its several therapeutic properties. In this study, we explored the potential of thyme extract (TLE) to mitigate HFD-induced metabolic derangements and improve the gut environment. Eight-week-old C57BL/6 mice were administered 50 or 100 mg/kg TLE for eight weeks. Administration of 100 mg/kg TLE resulted in decreased weight gain and body fat percentage, alongside the regulation of serum biomarkers linked to obesity induced by a HFD. Moreover, TLE enhanced intestinal barrier function by increasing the expression of tight junction proteins and ameliorated colon shortening. TLE also altered the levels of various metabolites. Especially, when compared with a HFD, it was confirmed that 2-hydroxypalmitic acid and 3-indoleacrylic acid returned to normal levels after TLE treatment. Additionally, we investigated the correlation between fecal metabolites and metabolic parameters; deoxycholic acid displayed a positive correlation with most parameters, except for colon length. In contrast, hypoxanthine was negatively correlated with most parameters. These results suggest a promising role for thyme in ameliorating obesity and related gut conditions associated with a HFD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Ra Lee
- Food Functionality Research Division, Korea Food Research Institute, Wanju-gun 55365, Republic of Korea; (Y.R.L.); (H.-B.L.); (M.-J.O.); (Y.K.)
| | - Hye-Bin Lee
- Food Functionality Research Division, Korea Food Research Institute, Wanju-gun 55365, Republic of Korea; (Y.R.L.); (H.-B.L.); (M.-J.O.); (Y.K.)
| | - Mi-Jin Oh
- Food Functionality Research Division, Korea Food Research Institute, Wanju-gun 55365, Republic of Korea; (Y.R.L.); (H.-B.L.); (M.-J.O.); (Y.K.)
| | - Yoonsook Kim
- Food Functionality Research Division, Korea Food Research Institute, Wanju-gun 55365, Republic of Korea; (Y.R.L.); (H.-B.L.); (M.-J.O.); (Y.K.)
| | - Ho-Young Park
- Food Functionality Research Division, Korea Food Research Institute, Wanju-gun 55365, Republic of Korea; (Y.R.L.); (H.-B.L.); (M.-J.O.); (Y.K.)
- Department of Food Biotechnology, Korea National University of Science and Technology, Daejeon 34113, Republic of Korea
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Perrino EV, Mahmoud ZNA, Valerio F, Tomaselli V, Wagensommer RP, Trani A. Synecology of Lagoecia cuminoides L. in Italy and evaluation of functional compounds presence in its water or hydroalcoholic extracts. Sci Rep 2023; 13:20906. [PMID: 38017138 PMCID: PMC10684886 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-48065-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2023] [Accepted: 11/22/2023] [Indexed: 11/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Lagoecia cuminoides L. is a very rare and threatened taxon in Italy, never studied before for its ecology and potential use for human consumption. Furthermore, few data are available on the biological activities of its metabolites. A phytosociological study was carried out in the only two Italian sites, and its state of conservation was also evaluated according to the IUCN (International Union for Conservation of Nature) protocol. The collected plant material was used to make two types of extracts: hot water infusion to evaluate the use of this plant as tea and hydroalcoholic extraction to evaluate the use of it in herbal liqueur preparation. The presence of functional compounds in the extracts were investigated by gas and liquid chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry techniques. Ten non volatiles compounds were identified in the extracts, most of which derivatives of quercetin. Thirty-five volatiles compounds were also identified in the plant aerial part and extracts belonging to the chemical class of terpenoids, and among them β-farnesene, thymol, γ-terpinene and p-cymene were the most abundant. The species is characterized by compounds known for their health effects and for its potential applications for human consumption, being this species already used as decoction in some countries of Middle East. Thanks to its characteristic behaviour to grow in limiting pedoclimatic conditions this species can be potentially used in organic farms situated in rural marginal areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Enrico V Perrino
- CIHEAM, Mediterranean Agronomic Institute of Bari, Via Ceglie 9, 70010, Valenzano (Bari), Italy
| | - Zuhair N A Mahmoud
- CIHEAM, Mediterranean Agronomic Institute of Bari, Via Ceglie 9, 70010, Valenzano (Bari), Italy
| | - Francesca Valerio
- Institute of Sciences of Food Production, National Research Council of Italy, Via Amendola 122/O, 70126, Bari, Italy
| | - Valeria Tomaselli
- Department of Biosciences, Biotechnologies and Environment, University of Bari "Aldo Moro", Via Orabona 4, 70125, Bari, Italy
| | - Robert P Wagensommer
- Faculty of Education, Free University of Bozen-Bolzano, Viale Ratisbona 16, 39042, Bressanone (Bolzano), Italy.
| | - Antonio Trani
- CIHEAM, Mediterranean Agronomic Institute of Bari, Via Ceglie 9, 70010, Valenzano (Bari), Italy
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Xu FF, Jian JZ, Li YJ, Wang ZW, Luo GY, Yang WD. Two new 2-arylbenzo[ b]furans from Itea indochinensis and their anti-hepatocellular carcinoma and anti-oxidant effects. Nat Prod Res 2023:1-9. [PMID: 37665092 DOI: 10.1080/14786419.2023.2252975] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2023] [Revised: 08/16/2023] [Accepted: 08/24/2023] [Indexed: 09/05/2023]
Abstract
Two new 2-arylbenzo[b]furans (1-2) and ten known compounds (3-12) were identified from the 95% EtOH extract of the branches and leaves of Itea indochinensis for the first time. Their structures were determined mainly based on extensive analyses of UV, IR, 1D/2D NMR and HRMS spectra. The results of MTT assays demonstrated the anti-tumor potential of compound 1 with good selectivity, which displayed moderate inhibitory effects on proliferation of SK-hep-1 cells with IC50 value of 22.3 μM, while weak inhibitory effect on proliferation of HepG2 cells with an inhibition rate of 25% at 20 μM, and no obviously inhibitory effect on proliferation of A549 cells at 20 μM. In addition, compound 1 exhibited its significant scavenging capacity on ABTS·+ free radical with an IC50 value of 0.11 mg/mL, while weak scavenging effects on DPPH and O2·- radicals with scavenging ratios of 32.93% and 21.49% at 1 mg/mL, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fang-Fang Xu
- School of Pharmacy, Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guiyang, People's Republic of China
| | - Jin-Zhen Jian
- School of Pharmacy, Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guiyang, People's Republic of China
| | - Yi-Jv Li
- School of Pharmacy, Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guiyang, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhi-Wei Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guiyang, People's Republic of China
| | - Guo-Yong Luo
- School of Pharmacy, Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guiyang, People's Republic of China
| | - Wu-De Yang
- School of Pharmacy, Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guiyang, People's Republic of China
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Ioan M, Anghel DF, Gifu IC, Alexandrescu E, Petcu C, Diţu LM, Sanda GA, Bala D, Cinteza LO. Novel Microemulsions with Essential Oils for Environmentally Friendly Cleaning of Copper Cultural Heritage Artifacts. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 13:2430. [PMID: 37686938 PMCID: PMC10490116 DOI: 10.3390/nano13172430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2023] [Revised: 08/22/2023] [Accepted: 08/24/2023] [Indexed: 09/10/2023]
Abstract
Cleaning represents an important and challenging operation in the conservation of cultural heritage, and at present, a key issue consists in the development of more sustainable, "green" materials and methods to perform it. In the present work, a novel xylene-in-water microemulsion based on nonionic surfactants with low toxicity was obtained, designed as low-impact cleaning agent for metallic historic objects. Phase diagram of the mixtures containing polyoxyethylene-polyoxypropilene triblock copolymer Pluronic P84 and D-alpha-tocopheryl polyethylene glycol 1000 succinate (TPGS) as surfactants, water, ethanol and xylene was studied, and a microemulsion with low surfactant content was selected as suitable cleaning nanosystem. Essential oils (EOs) from thyme and cinnamon leaf were added to the selected microemulsion in order to include other beneficial properties such as anticorrosive and antifungal protection. The microemulsions with or without EOs were characterized by size, size distribution and zeta potential. The cleaning efficacy of the tested microemulsions was assessed based on their ability to remove two types of artificial dirt by using X-ray energy dispersion spectrometry (EDX), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), contact angle measurements and color analysis. Microemulsions exhibit high capacity to remove artificial dirt from model copper coupons in spite of very low content of the organic solvent. Both thyme and cinnamon oil loading microemulsions prove to significantly reduce the corrosion rate of treated metallic plates compared to those of bare copper. The antifungal activity of the novel type of microemulsion was evaluated against Aspergillus niger, reported as main treat in biocorrosion of historic copper artifacts. Application of microemulsion with small amounts of EOs on Cu plates inhibits the growth of fungi, providing a good fungicidal effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mihaela Ioan
- “Ilie Murgulescu” Institute of Physical Chemistry, Romanian Academy, 202 Spl. Independentei, 060021 Bucharest, Romania; (M.I.); (D.F.A.)
| | - Dan Florin Anghel
- “Ilie Murgulescu” Institute of Physical Chemistry, Romanian Academy, 202 Spl. Independentei, 060021 Bucharest, Romania; (M.I.); (D.F.A.)
| | - Ioana Catalina Gifu
- Polymer Department, National Institute for Research and Development in Chemistry and Petrochemistry—ICECHIM, 202 Spl. Independentei, 060021 Bucharest, Romania; (I.C.G.); (E.A.)
| | - Elvira Alexandrescu
- Polymer Department, National Institute for Research and Development in Chemistry and Petrochemistry—ICECHIM, 202 Spl. Independentei, 060021 Bucharest, Romania; (I.C.G.); (E.A.)
| | - Cristian Petcu
- Polymer Department, National Institute for Research and Development in Chemistry and Petrochemistry—ICECHIM, 202 Spl. Independentei, 060021 Bucharest, Romania; (I.C.G.); (E.A.)
| | - Lia Mara Diţu
- Microbiology Department, Faculty of Biology, University of Bucharest, 030018 Bucharest, Romania;
| | - Georgiana Alexandra Sanda
- Physical Chemistry Department, University of Bucharest, 4–12 Blv. Regina Elisabeta, 030018 Bucharest, Romania; (G.A.S.); (D.B.)
| | - Daniela Bala
- Physical Chemistry Department, University of Bucharest, 4–12 Blv. Regina Elisabeta, 030018 Bucharest, Romania; (G.A.S.); (D.B.)
| | - Ludmila Otilia Cinteza
- Physical Chemistry Department, University of Bucharest, 4–12 Blv. Regina Elisabeta, 030018 Bucharest, Romania; (G.A.S.); (D.B.)
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10
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Sturabotti E, Moldoveanu VG, Camilli A, Martinelli A, Simonetti G, Valletta A, Serangeli I, Giustini A, Miranda E, Migneco LM, Vetica F, Leonelli F. Thymol-Functionalized Hyaluronic Acid as Promising Preservative Biomaterial for the Inhibition of Candida albicans Biofilm Formation. ACS Macro Lett 2023; 12:1079-1084. [PMID: 37462451 PMCID: PMC10433527 DOI: 10.1021/acsmacrolett.3c00208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2023] [Accepted: 07/05/2023] [Indexed: 08/16/2023]
Abstract
Hyaluronic acid (HA) is a naturally occurring biopolymer that has been employed for a plethora of medicinal applications. Nevertheless, as HA is a natural polysaccharide, it can be a substrate able to promote microbial growth and proliferation. Biopolymer-drug conjugates have gained attention over the years to overcome drawbacks of each single component. Within this context, thymol (Thy), a phenolic compound occurring in essential oils (EOs) extracted from Thymus and Origanum, has been largely studied for its antimycotic applications. However, it is characterized by a low water solubility and moderate cytotoxicity. Herein, we report an innovative HA-thymol conjugate (HA-Thy) biomaterial to circumvent the drawbacks of free thymol use by providing the polymer conjugate with the beneficial properties of both components. Preliminary biological tests evidenced the decrease of thymol cytotoxicity for the HA-Thy conjugate, paired with a promising antibiofilm formation activity against Candida albicans, similar to pure thymol, highlighting its potential application as a preservative biomaterial in formulations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisa Sturabotti
- Department
of Chemistry, Sapienza University of Rome, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | | | - Alessandro Camilli
- Department
of Chemistry, Sapienza University of Rome, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Andrea Martinelli
- Department
of Chemistry, Sapienza University of Rome, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Giovanna Simonetti
- Department
of Environmental Biology, Sapienza University
of Rome, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Alessio Valletta
- Department
of Environmental Biology, Sapienza University
of Rome, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Ilaria Serangeli
- Department
of Biology and Biotechnologies “Charles Darwin”, Sapienza University of Rome, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Alessandro Giustini
- Department
of Biology and Biotechnologies “Charles Darwin”, Sapienza University of Rome, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Elena Miranda
- Department
of Biology and Biotechnologies “Charles Darwin”, Sapienza University of Rome, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Luisa Maria Migneco
- Department
of Chemistry, Sapienza University of Rome, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Fabrizio Vetica
- Department
of Chemistry, Sapienza University of Rome, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Francesca Leonelli
- Department
of Chemistry, Sapienza University of Rome, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy
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11
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Abdin M, Mabrouk M, El-Sebaiy L, Eissa M, El-Bana M, Salama MA, El-Beltagy AE, Naeem MA. Composite films based on carboxy methyl cellulose and sodium alginate incorporated Thymus vulgaris purified leaves extract for food application: Assessment, antimicrobial and antioxidant properties. Int J Biol Macromol 2023; 240:124474. [PMID: 37072063 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.124474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2023] [Revised: 04/09/2023] [Accepted: 04/12/2023] [Indexed: 04/20/2023]
Abstract
The current study was conducted to develop biodegradable films with matrix composed from carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC), sodium alginate (SA) and different concentrations from Thymus vulgaris purified leaves extract (TVE). The color properties, physical properties, shape of surface, manners of crystallinity, mechanical properties and thermal properties of produced films were investigated. The continuous addition of TVE up to 1.6 % inside films matrix imparted the yellow color of extract that increased opacity to 2.98 and reduced moisture, swelling, solubility and water vapor permeability (WVP) of films up to 10.31 %, 30.17 %, 20.18 % and (1.12× 10-10 g.m-1 s-1 pa-1), respectively. Furthermore, the surface micrographs showed smoother surface after using small concentrations of TVE and turned to irregular with rough surface at higher concentrations. The FT-IR analysis indicated typically bands that demonstrated physical interaction between TVE extract and CMC/SA matrix. The fabricated films showed suitable thermal stability with decreasing trend by incorporation of TVE inside CMC/SA films. Furthermore, the developed CMC/SA/TVE2 showed significant effects on preserving the levels of moisture content, titrable acidity, force to puncture and sensory properties of cheddar cheese during cold storage days compared with commercial packaging materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed Abdin
- Agricultural Research Center, Food Technology Research Institute, Giza 12611, Egypt.
| | - Mostafa Mabrouk
- Agricultural Research Center, Food Technology Research Institute, Giza 12611, Egypt; Department of Food Technology, Faculty of Agriculture, Kafrelsheikh University, Egypt
| | - Laila El-Sebaiy
- Department of Food Technology, Faculty of Agriculture, Kafrelsheikh University, Egypt
| | - Maher Eissa
- Department of Food Technology, Faculty of Agriculture, Kafrelsheikh University, Egypt
| | - Mohamed El-Bana
- Agricultural Research Center, Food Technology Research Institute, Giza 12611, Egypt
| | | | - A E El-Beltagy
- Food Science and Technology Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Menoufia University, Shibin El-Kom, Egypt
| | - Mohamed Ahmed Naeem
- Nutrition and Food Science of Ain Shams University Specialized Hospital, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
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12
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Kate GU, Krishnani KK, Kumar N, Sukhdhane K, Verma AK, Brahmane MP, Chadha NK, Kumar J. Abiotic and biotic stress alleviating effects of the medicinal and aromatic plant-derived product on striped catfish Pangasianodonhypophthalmus. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2023; 135:108625. [PMID: 36858327 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2023.108625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2022] [Revised: 02/15/2023] [Accepted: 02/18/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Intensification of aquaculture production leads to abiotic and biotic stresses, which are further induced by the impact of climate change. Thus, it is important to explore a combined strategy to alleviate multiple stresses in fish. In the present investigation, the removal of nitrogenous metabolites from aquaponics water was studied using products derived from five different locally available medicinal and aromatic plants (MAPs) namely banana stem (Musa Accuminata), Aloe vera, Mint (Minata sepicata), Indian beech/Pongameoil-tree/Karanj (Pongamia pinnatum), and Coat Button/Mexican daisy/Dagadipala (Tridax procrumbens) in the batch experiment for 24 h. A reduction of 91-94% in the ammonia level and 75-80% removal of nitrite-N in the treatments with products derived from mint, banana stem, and aloe vera has been observed. Mint product was also found to be bactericidal against fish pathogenic bacteria. Based on this dual function of mint, further study was conducted under wet-lab conditions to evaluate the possible protective role of the mint-based product in dry powder form against abiotic stresses caused by nitrogenous toxicants for 24 h and 45 days multiple stresses caused by nitrogenous toxicants in freshwater stocked with eight fingerlings of Pangasianodon hypophthalmus of the initial weight of 8 ± 0.5g for 24 h and 8.82 ± 0.75g for 45 days. The results revealed that mint-derived plant product has better anti-stress properties in terms of their bioremediation effectiveness in lowering ammonia and nitrite. Mint also improved the fish growth performance with better physiological responses and anti-oxidative status and reduced the cellular metabolic stress in fish reared under ammonia, as further indicated by reduced oxidative stress parameters, and tissue biochemical indices. Overall, mint showed its main properties as a growth promoter, and immune enhancer, where this medicinal plant product acts as a bioremediation and antibacterial agent to the host immune system. This has potential applications in the environmental and health management of aquaculture.
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Affiliation(s)
- G U Kate
- ICAR-Central Institute of Fisheries Education (Deemed University), Panch Marg, Off Yari Road, Versova, Andheri (W), Mumbai, 400061, India
| | - K K Krishnani
- ICAR-Central Institute of Fisheries Education (Deemed University), Panch Marg, Off Yari Road, Versova, Andheri (W), Mumbai, 400061, India.
| | - Neeraj Kumar
- ICAR-National Institute of Abiotic Stress Management, Baramati, Pune, 413115, India.
| | - K Sukhdhane
- ICAR-Central Institute of Fisheries Education (Deemed University), Panch Marg, Off Yari Road, Versova, Andheri (W), Mumbai, 400061, India
| | - A K Verma
- ICAR-Central Institute of Fisheries Education (Deemed University), Panch Marg, Off Yari Road, Versova, Andheri (W), Mumbai, 400061, India
| | - M P Brahmane
- ICAR-Central Institute of Fisheries Education (Deemed University), Panch Marg, Off Yari Road, Versova, Andheri (W), Mumbai, 400061, India
| | - N K Chadha
- ICAR-Central Institute of Fisheries Education (Deemed University), Panch Marg, Off Yari Road, Versova, Andheri (W), Mumbai, 400061, India
| | - Jitendra Kumar
- Institute of Pesticide Formulation Technology, Sector-20, Udyog Vihar, Gurugram, 122016, India
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13
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HAMZA E, BRAHİM O, KHALİD S, CHAKİB A. In vitro investigations of biological activities of Thymus willdenowii and Thymus atlanticus polyphenol-rich extracts. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF SECONDARY METABOLITE 2023. [DOI: 10.21448/ijsm.1110715] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Thyme species produce a wide variety of phenolic compounds including tannins, phenolic acids, and flavonoids. Thymus atlanticus (T. atlanticus) and Thymus willdenowii (T. willdenowii) are important thyme species in the southeast of Morocco, with numerous biological properties. The polyphenolic extracts of these two thyme species were obtained using ethanol through Soxhlet apparatus. Antioxidant (DPPH, FRAP, and TAC methods), antihemolytic (2,2'-Azobis(2-amidinopropane) dihydrochloride (AAPH) induced hemolysis test), hypolipidemic (3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-coenzyme A (HMG-CoA) reductase activity inhibition test), and anti-inflammatory (protein denaturation inhibition) effects of extracts were carried out using in vitro methods. The results showed that the polyphenolic extracts of these two species revealed important amounts of phenolic compounds. The contents of flavonoids were significant in the two species, while the contents of tannins and anthocyanin were very low. T. atlanticus showed an important antioxidant activity and a considerable antihemolytic effect in AAPH-induced hemolysis test (IC50 = 0.29 mg/mL), while T. willdenowii showed an important anti-inflammatory activity in heat-induced protein denaturation test (IC50 = 1.61 mg/mL). Moreover, both extracts at a dose of 20 µg/mL showed an important in vitro hypolipidemic activity by inhibiting HMG-CoA reductase activity (T. willdenowii: 51.16 %; T. atlanticus: 62.83 %). In conclusion, T. willdenowii and T. atlanticus extracts have considerable antioxidant, antihemolytic, hypolipidemic, and anti-inflammatory effects. The richness of these species in polyphenols gives them a large specter of biological properties, making them a valuable source of natural bioactive compounds that could prevent or treat various diseases.
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Identification of MAP Kinase Kinase 3 as a protein target of myricetin in non-small cell lung cancer cells. Biomed Pharmacother 2023; 161:114460. [PMID: 36870282 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2023.114460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2022] [Revised: 02/21/2023] [Accepted: 02/26/2023] [Indexed: 03/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Myricetin is a typical flavonol with various pharmacological effects which shows favorable biological activities in cancer. However, the underlying mechanisms and potential targets of myricetin in NSCLC (non-small cell lung cancer) cells remain unclear. First, we demonstrated that myricetin not only inhibited the proliferation, migration and invasion, but also induced apoptosis in A549 and H1299 cells in a dose-dependent manner. Then, we confirmed myricetin may play an anti-NSCLC effect through modulating MAPK-related functions and signaling pathway by Network pharmacology. Furthermore, MKK3 (MAP Kinase Kinase 3) was identified and confirmed as a potential target of myricetin by biolayer interferometry (BLI) and molecular docking, revealing that myricetin directly bound to MKK3. Moreover, three mutations (D208, L240, and Y245) of key amino acids predicted by molecular docking obviously decreased the affinity between myricetin and MKK3. Finally, enzyme activity assay was utilized to determine the effect of myricetin on MKK3 activity in vitro, and the result showed that myricetin attenuated MKK3 activity. Subsequently, myricetin decreased the phosphorylation of p38 MAPK. Furthermore, knockdown of MKK3 reduced the susceptibility of A549 and H1299 cells to myricetin. These results suggested that myricetin inhibited the growth of NSCLC cells via targeting MKK3 and influencing the downstream p38 MAPK signaling pathway. The findings revealed that MKK3 is a potential target of myricetin in the NSCLC and myricetin is considered to be a small-molecular inhibitor of MKK3, which can improve comprehension of the molecular mechanisms of myricetin pharmacological effects in cancer and further development of MKK3 inhibitors.
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15
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Babotă M, Frumuzachi O, Nicolescu A, Dias MI, Pinela J, Barros L, Añibarro-Ortega M, Stojković D, Carević T, Mocan A, López V, Crișan G. Thymus Species from Romanian Spontaneous Flora as Promising Source of Phenolic Secondary Metabolites with Health-Related Benefits. Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 12:antiox12020390. [PMID: 36829949 PMCID: PMC9952121 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12020390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2022] [Revised: 01/29/2023] [Accepted: 01/31/2023] [Indexed: 02/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Wild thyme aerial parts (Serpylli herba) are recognized as a valuable herbal product with antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and antibacterial effects. Although pharmacopoeial regulations allow its collection exclusively from Thymus serpyllum, substitution with other species is frequent in current practice. This study analyzed the phenolic composition, antioxidant, and enzyme-inhibitory and antimicrobial activity of the hydroethanolic extracts obtained from five Romanian wild thyme species (Thymus alpestris, T. glabrescens, T. panonicus, T. pulcherimus and T. pulegioides). The analysis of individual phenolic constituents was performed through LC-ESI-DAD/MS2, while for the in vitro evaluation of antioxidant potential, TEAC, FRAP, DPPH, TBARS and OxHLIA assays were employed. The anti-enzymatic potential was tested in vitro against tyrosinase, α-glucosidase and acetylcholinesterase. High rosmarinic acid contents were quantified in all species (20.06 ± 0.32-80.49 ± 0.001 mg/g dry extract); phenolic acids derivatives (including salvianolic acids) were confirmed as the principal metabolites of T. alpestris and T. glabrescens, while eriodictyol-O-di-hexoside was found exclusively in T. alpestris. All species showed strong antioxidant potential and moderate anti-enzymatic effect against α-glucosidase and acetylcholinesterase, showing no anti-tyrosinase activity. This is the first detailed report on the chemical and biological profile of T. alpestris collected from Romanian spontaneous flora.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mihai Babotă
- Department of Pharmaceutical Botany, “Iuliu Hațieganu” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Gheorghe Marinescu Street 23, 400337 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Oleg Frumuzachi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Botany, “Iuliu Hațieganu” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Gheorghe Marinescu Street 23, 400337 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Alexandru Nicolescu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Botany, “Iuliu Hațieganu” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Gheorghe Marinescu Street 23, 400337 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
- Laboratory of Chromatography, Institute of Advanced Horticulture Research of Transylvania, University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine, 400372 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Maria Inês Dias
- Centro de Investigação de Montanha (CIMO), Instituto Politécnico de Bragança, Campus de Santa Apolónia, 5300-253 Bragança, Portugal
- Laboratório Associado para a Sustentabilidade e Tecnologia em Regiões de Montanha (SusTEC), Instituto Politécnico de Bragança, Campus de Santa Apolónia, 5300-253 Bragança, Portugal
| | - José Pinela
- Centro de Investigação de Montanha (CIMO), Instituto Politécnico de Bragança, Campus de Santa Apolónia, 5300-253 Bragança, Portugal
- Laboratório Associado para a Sustentabilidade e Tecnologia em Regiões de Montanha (SusTEC), Instituto Politécnico de Bragança, Campus de Santa Apolónia, 5300-253 Bragança, Portugal
| | - Lillian Barros
- Centro de Investigação de Montanha (CIMO), Instituto Politécnico de Bragança, Campus de Santa Apolónia, 5300-253 Bragança, Portugal
- Laboratório Associado para a Sustentabilidade e Tecnologia em Regiões de Montanha (SusTEC), Instituto Politécnico de Bragança, Campus de Santa Apolónia, 5300-253 Bragança, Portugal
| | - Mikel Añibarro-Ortega
- Centro de Investigação de Montanha (CIMO), Instituto Politécnico de Bragança, Campus de Santa Apolónia, 5300-253 Bragança, Portugal
- Laboratório Associado para a Sustentabilidade e Tecnologia em Regiões de Montanha (SusTEC), Instituto Politécnico de Bragança, Campus de Santa Apolónia, 5300-253 Bragança, Portugal
| | - Dejan Stojković
- Department of Plant Physiology, Institute for Biological Research “Siniša Stanković”—National Institute of Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, Bulevar despota Stefana 142, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Tamara Carević
- Department of Plant Physiology, Institute for Biological Research “Siniša Stanković”—National Institute of Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, Bulevar despota Stefana 142, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Andrei Mocan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Botany, “Iuliu Hațieganu” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Gheorghe Marinescu Street 23, 400337 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
- Laboratory of Chromatography, Institute of Advanced Horticulture Research of Transylvania, University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine, 400372 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +40-742-017-816
| | - Víctor López
- Instituto Agroalimentario de Aragón, IA2, Universidad de Zaragoza-CITA, 50830 Zaragoza, Spain
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universidad San Jorge, Villanueva de Gállego, 50830 Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Gianina Crișan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Botany, “Iuliu Hațieganu” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Gheorghe Marinescu Street 23, 400337 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
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16
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Sharmaa R, Choudharyb N, Sharmac G. Drug Discovery – A New Bioactive Compounds Isolated from Natural Sources. ROMANIAN JOURNAL OF MILITARY MEDICINE 2023. [DOI: 10.55453/rjmm.2023.126.3.13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/05/2023]
Abstract
"A rise in mortality due to fungal infections in an immunocompromised population has been observed lately. Nowadays, due to increased fungal infections, the limitations encountered in their treatment like resistance, side-effects, and high toxicity, the rising prescription and overuse of conventional antifungals all stimulate a search for alternative natural drugs therefore we are in dire need of natural newer strategies that involve reliable agents for the treatment of fungal diseases such as essential oils are known for their anti-microbial properties and are multi-component. Materials & Methods: Soil samples (66 samples) were collected from different agricultural fields and animals habitat of Saharanpur (U.P.) Isolation of keratinophilic fungi was carried out by the hair-baiting technique. Extraction of Mentha piperita & Cinnamonum vernum essential oil was carried out by hydrodistillation method and the chemical composition of both extracted essential oils was determined by Gas ChromatographyMass Spectrophotometry. Antimycotic studies of essential oils were done by the standard disc diffusion method. Results & Discussion: In the present study, the antifungal potential of Mentha piperita & Cinnamonum vernum essential oils were evaluated against three human pathogenic fungi isolated from the soil of agricultural field and animals habitat of Saharanpur (U.P.) i.e Trichophyton mentagrophytes, T.tonsurans, and T.equinum. The chemical composition of Mentha piperita & Cinnamonum vernum EO was analyzed by GC-MS. Menthol (53.28%) was the major compound of the Mentha piperita EO followed by Menthyl acetate (15.1%) and Menthofuran (11.18%). Major constituents of Cinnamonum vernum EO were linalool (8%), (E)- cinnamaldehyde (7.2%), β-caryophyllene (7.4%), eucalyptol (6.4%), and eugenol (5.6%). Conclusion: Essential oils of Mentha piperita & Cinnamonum vernum have been found to have remarkable & excellent antifungal activity against these pathogenic fungi. Present findings conclude that natural products like plant-derived EOs instead of chemotherapy and the emergence of resistance to antifungal drugs can be regarded as an environmental safety mode of disease control against pathogens. "
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17
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Sun M, Zhu L, Zhang Y, Liu N, Zhang J, Li H, Bai H, Shi L. Creation of new germplasm resources, development of SSR markers, and screening of monoterpene synthases in thyme. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2023; 23:13. [PMID: 36604636 PMCID: PMC9817278 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-022-04029-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2022] [Accepted: 12/24/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Thyme derived essential oil and its components have numerous applications in pharmaceutical, food, and cosmetic industries, owing to their antibacterial, antifungal, and antiviral properties. To obtain thyme essential oil with different terpene composition, we developed new germplasm resources using the conventional hybridization approach. RESULTS Phenotypic characteristics, including essential oil yield and composition, glandular trichome density, plant type, and fertility, of three wild Chinese and seven European thyme species were evaluated. Male-sterile and male-fertile thyme species were crossed in different combinations, and two F1 populations derived from Thymus longicaulis (Tl) × T. vulgaris 'Fragrantissimus' (Tvf) and T. vulgaris 'Elsbeth' (Tve) × T. quinquecostatus (Tq) crosses were selected, with essential oil yield and terpene content as the main breeding goals. Simultaneously, simple sequence repeat (SSR) primers were developed based on the whole-genome sequence of T. quinquecostatus to authenticate the F1 hybrids. A total of 300 primer pairs were selected, and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was carried out on the parents of the two hybrid populations (Tl, Tvf, Tve, and Tq). Based on the chemotype of the parents and their F1 progenies, we examined the expression of genes encoding two γ-terpinene synthases, one α-terpineol synthase, and maybe one geraniol synthase in all genotypes by quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR). CONCLUSION We used hybridization to create new germplasm resources of thyme, developed SSR markers based on the whole-genome sequence of T. quinquecostatus, and screened the expression of monoterpene synthase genes in thyme. The results of this study provide a strong foundation for the creation of new germplasm resources, construction of the genetic linkage maps, and identification of quantitative trait loci (QTLs), and help gain insight into the mechanism of monoterpenoids biosynthesis in thyme.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meiyu Sun
- Key Laboratory of Plant Resources, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100093, China
- China National Botanical Garden, Beijing, 100093, China
| | - Li Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Plant Resources, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100093, China
- China National Botanical Garden, Beijing, 100093, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Yanan Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Plant Resources, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100093, China
- China National Botanical Garden, Beijing, 100093, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Ningning Liu
- Key Laboratory of Plant Resources, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100093, China
- China National Botanical Garden, Beijing, 100093, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Jinzheng Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Plant Resources, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100093, China
- China National Botanical Garden, Beijing, 100093, China
| | - Hui Li
- Key Laboratory of Plant Resources, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100093, China
- China National Botanical Garden, Beijing, 100093, China
| | - Hongtong Bai
- Key Laboratory of Plant Resources, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100093, China
- China National Botanical Garden, Beijing, 100093, China
| | - Lei Shi
- Key Laboratory of Plant Resources, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100093, China.
- China National Botanical Garden, Beijing, 100093, China.
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18
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Noumi E, Ahmad I, Bouali N, Patel H, Ghannay S, ALrashidi AA, Abdulhakeem MA, Patel M, Ceylan O, Badraoui R, Mousa Elayyan AE, Adnan M, Kadri A, Snoussi M. Thymus musilii Velen. Methanolic Extract: In Vitro and In Silico Screening of Its Antimicrobial, Antioxidant, Anti-Quorum Sensing, Antibiofilm, and Anticancer Activities. LIFE (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 13:life13010062. [PMID: 36676011 PMCID: PMC9862435 DOI: 10.3390/life13010062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2022] [Revised: 12/19/2022] [Accepted: 12/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Thymus musilii Velen. is a rare plant species cultivated in the Ha'il region (Saudi Arabia) under greenhouse conditions. In this work, we described, for the first time, the phytochemical composition, antimicrobial, antioxidant, anti-quorum sensing, and anticancer activities of T. musilii methanolic extract using both experimental and computational approaches. The obtained results showed the identification of eight small-like peptides and eighteen phyto-compounds by using high-resolution liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (HR-LCMS) dominated mainly by compounds belonging to isoprenoid, fatty acyl, flavonoid, and alkaloid classes. The tested extracts exhibited high antifungal and antibacterial activity with the mean diameter of growth inhibition zones ranging from 12.33 ± 0.57 mm (Pseudomonas aeruginosa ATCC 27853) to 29.33 ± 1.15 mm (Candida albicans ATCC 10231). Low minimal inhibitory concentrations were recorded for the tested micro-organisms ranging from 0.781 mg/mL to 12.5 mg/mL. While higher doses were necessary to completely kill all tested bacterial and fungal strains. Thyme extract was able to scavenge DPPH•, ABTS•+, β-carotene, and FRAP free radicals, and the IC50 values were 0.077 ± 0.0015 mg/mL, 0.040 ± 0.011 mg/mL, 0.287 ± 0.012 mg/mL, and 0.106 ± 0.007 mg/mL, respectively. The highest percentage of swarming and swimming inhibition was recorded at 100 µg/mL with 39.73 ± 1.5% and 25.18 ± 1%, respectively. The highest percentage of biofilm inhibition was recorded at 10 mg/mL for S. typhimurium ATCC 14028 (53.96 ± 4.21%) and L. monocytogenes ATCC 7644 (49.54 ± 4.5 mg/mL). The in silico docking study revealed that the observed antimicrobial, antioxidant, and anticancer activities of the constituent compounds of T. musilii are thermodynamically feasible, notably, such as those of the tripeptides (Asn-Met-His, His-Cys-Asn, and Phe-His-Gln), isoprenoids (10-Hydroxyloganin), and diterpene glycosides (4-Ketoretinoic acid glucuronide).
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Affiliation(s)
- Emira Noumi
- Department of Biology, College of Science, University of Ha’il, P.O. Box 2440, Hail 81451, Saudi Arabia
- Laboratory of Genetics, Biodiversity and Valorization of Bio-Resources (LR11ES41), Higher Institute of Biotechnology of Monastir, University of Monastir, Avenue Tahar Haddad, BP74, Monastir 5000, Tunisia
- Correspondence:
| | - Iqrar Ahmad
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Prof. Ravindra Nikam College of Pharmacy, Gondur, Dhule 424002, India
| | - Nouha Bouali
- Department of Biology, College of Science, University of Ha’il, P.O. Box 2440, Hail 81451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Harun Patel
- Division of Computer Aided Drug Design, Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, R. C. Patel Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Shirpur 425405, India
| | - Siwar Ghannay
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, Qassim University, P.O. Box 6688, Buraidah 51452, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ayshah Aysh ALrashidi
- Department of Biology, College of Science, University of Ha’il, P.O. Box 2440, Hail 81451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammad A. Abdulhakeem
- Department of Biology, College of Science, University of Ha’il, P.O. Box 2440, Hail 81451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mitesh Patel
- Centre of Research for Development, Department of Biotechnology, Parul Institute of Applied Sciences, Parul University, Vadodara 391760, India
| | - Ozgur Ceylan
- Ula Ali Kocman Vocational School, Mugla Sitki Kocman University, Mugla 48147, Turkey
| | - Riadh Badraoui
- Department of Biology, College of Science, University of Ha’il, P.O. Box 2440, Hail 81451, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Histo Embryology and Cytogenetics, Medicine Faculty of Sfax, University of Sfax, Road of Majida Boulia, Sfax 3029, Tunisia
| | - Afnan Elayyan Mousa Elayyan
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Science, College of Applied Sciences-Qurayyat, Jouf University, P.O. Box 2014, Sakaka 72388, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohd Adnan
- Department of Biology, College of Science, University of Ha’il, P.O. Box 2440, Hail 81451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Adel Kadri
- Faculty of Science and Arts in Baljurashi, Albaha University, P.O. Box 1988, Albaha 65527, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science of Sfax, University of Sfax, B.P. 1171, Sfax 3000, Tunisia
| | - Mejdi Snoussi
- Department of Biology, College of Science, University of Ha’il, P.O. Box 2440, Hail 81451, Saudi Arabia
- Laboratory of Genetics, Biodiversity and Valorization of Bio-Resources (LR11ES41), Higher Institute of Biotechnology of Monastir, University of Monastir, Avenue Tahar Haddad, BP74, Monastir 5000, Tunisia
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Chemical profile and in vitro Antibacterial potential of Essential Oils and Hydrolat Extracts from Aerial Parts of Three Wild species of Moroccan Thymus. SCIENTIFIC AFRICAN 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.sciaf.2022.e01434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
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20
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Effects of Origanum vulgare and Scutellaria baicalensis on the Physiological Activity and Biochemical Parameters of the Blood in Rats on a High-Fat Diet. Sci Pharm 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/scipharm90030049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The pharmacological effects of medicinal plants play a primary role in the mild correction of body weight in humans and animals, reducing the accumulation of fat in their bodies during a state of obesity. Origanum vulgare L. and Scutellaria baicalensis Georgi are widely used as food additives and medicinal plants, but their comprehensive physiological evaluation in model animals in a state of obesity has not been carried out. In a 30-day laboratory experiment on male rats which had developed obesity through a hypercaloric diet, the effects of adding the dry crushed grass O. vulgare or dry crushed roots of S. baicalensis to their feed was evaluated. During the experiment, the rats fed with O. vulgare increased in body weight to only 105.5% of their initial weight, while the body weight of the control group increased to 111.5%, and that of animals fed on S. baicalensis increased to 124.0% of their initial body weight. The average daily increase in the rats’ body weight when O. vulgare was added to their diet decreased to 205 mg/day, and when S. baicalensis was added, on the contrary, it increased to 1417 mg/day, compared to 700 mg/day among the control group. Under the influence of O. vulgare, the lipid metabolism of the rats normalized: the atherogenic index decreased to 33.7%, compared with the values of the control group, due to an increase in the concentration of high-density lipoproteins from cholesterol. The concentration of triglycerides decreased, and the concentration of glucose decreased. The roots of S. baicalensis being added into the diet of rats increased the activity of alkaline phosphatase and decreased the concentration of urea. The atherogenic index also decreased (by up to 35.5% in the control group) and the concentration of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol increased, while the concentrations of triglycerides and glucose decreased. The physical activity of the rats showed a slight tendency to decrease when both O. vulgare and S. baicalensis were added to their diet. Both plant species contributed to a decrease in the emotional status of animals, which was most pronounced when the O. vulgare grass was added to the feed. The results of the study demonstrate the potential of the use of O. vulgare and S. baicalensis as herbal supplementations for the correction of hyperlipidemia and type-2 diabetes mellitus in overweight patients.
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An evaluation of qH NMR: A complementary approach to GC-FID for quantification of Thymol and trans-Anethole in essential oils and supplements. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2022; 220:114992. [PMID: 35985134 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2022.114992] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2022] [Revised: 08/07/2022] [Accepted: 08/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Sweet fennel (Foeniculum vulgare Mill. var. dulce) and thyme (Zataria multiflora Boiss.) are regarded as the important supplies for pharmaceutical, food, cosmetic, and perfume industries. The major components trans-anethole and thymol are represented in fennel and thyme, respectively. The essential oils (EOs) content and the value of their related constituents should be given in strict quality control due to the storage conditions, source, and adulterations. In this study, we compared the validation of quantitative 1H NMR (qH NMR) method with the gas chromatography with flame ionization detection (GC-FID) to quantify the trans-anethole and thymol in fennel and thyme EOs and their related supplements. The current results showed that the quantification of trans-anethole and thymol by qH NMR method was successfully achieved from their EOs and supplements. All the validation parameters including linearity, robustness, repeatability, and stability were authenticated for thymol and trans-anethole quantification. Similar results were obtained in both qH NMR and conventional GC-FID methods. Therefore, according to the measured values, the qH NMR method was adequate to determine the constituents of the EOs, with the results being roughly comparable to those obtained by GC-FID, with the advantage of being simple, repeatable, rapid (8-10 min, while for GC-FID 55 min) and essential for quality control of commercial samples.
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22
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Rational Design of Self-Emulsifying Pellet Formulation of Thymol: Technology Development Guided by Molecular-Level Structure Characterization and Ex Vivo Testing. Pharmaceutics 2022; 14:pharmaceutics14081545. [PMID: 35893801 PMCID: PMC9394426 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics14081545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2022] [Revised: 07/19/2022] [Accepted: 07/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
The growing need for processing natural lipophilic and often volatile substances such as thymol, a promising candidate for topical treatment of intestinal mucosa, led us to the utilization of solid-state nuclear magnetic resonance (ss-NMR) spectroscopy for the rational design of enteric pellets with a thymol self-emulsifying system (SES). The SES (triacylglycerol, Labrasol®, and propylene glycol) provided a stable o/w emulsion with particle size between 1 and 7 µm. The ex vivo experiment confirmed the SES mucosal permeation and thymol delivery to enterocytes. Pellets W90 (MCC, Neusilin®US2, chitosan) were prepared using distilled water (90 g) by the M1−M3 extrusion/spheronisation methods varying in steps number and/or cumulative time. The pellets (705−740 µm) showed mostly comparable properties—zero friability, low intraparticular porosity (0−0.71%), and relatively high density (1.43−1.45%). They exhibited similar thymol release for 6 h (burst effect in 15th min ca. 60%), but its content increased (30−39.6 mg/g) with a shorter process time. The M3-W90 fluid-bed coated pellets (Eudragit®L) prevented undesirable thymol release in stomach conditions (<10% for 3 h). A detailed, ss-NMR investigation revealed structural differences across samples prepared by M1−M3 methods concerning system stability and internal interactions. The suggested formulation and methodology are promising for other lipophilic volatiles in treating intestinal diseases.
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Investigating anticancer potency of in vitro propagated endemic Thymus cilicicus Boiss. & Bal. extract on human lung, breast, and prostate cancer cell lines. Biologia (Bratisl) 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s11756-022-01168-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
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Konstantinović B, Popov M, Samardžić N, Aćimović M, Šućur Elez J, Stojanović T, Crnković M, Rajković M. The Effect of Thymus vulgaris L. Hydrolate Solutions on the Seed Germination, Seedling Length, and Oxidative Stress of Some Cultivated and Weed Species. PLANTS 2022; 11:plants11131782. [PMID: 35807734 PMCID: PMC9268952 DOI: 10.3390/plants11131782] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2022] [Revised: 06/24/2022] [Accepted: 07/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to determine the effect of the hydrolates obtained as the by-products of the Thymus vulgaris essential oil steam distillation process. The bioassays, which were undertaken in order to determine the effect on germination and initial growth of seedlings of some cultivated and weed species, were performed under controlled conditions with different concentrations of the hydrolates. Seeds of Glycine max, Helianthus annuus, Zea mays, Triticum aestivum, Daucus carota subsp. sativus, Allium cepa, Medicago sativa, and Trifolium repens, and six weed species—Amaranthus retroflexus, Chenopodium album, Portulaca oleracea, Echinochloa crus-galli, Sorghum halepense, and Solanum nigrum—were treated with 10, 20, 50, and 100% T. vulgaris hydrolate solution. The obtained results showed that the T. vulgaris hydrolate had the least negative effect on the germination of cultivated species, such as soybean, sunflower and maize, whereas clover and alfalfa were the most sensitive. By comparison, all the tested weed species expressed high susceptibility. It can be concluded that the T. vulgaris hydrolate has an herbicidal effect, in addition to its potential as a biopesticide in terms of integrated weed management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bojan Konstantinović
- Department of Phytomedicine and Environmental Protection, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Novi Sad, 21000 Novi Sad, Serbia; (B.K.); (N.S.); (J.Š.E.); (T.S.); (M.C.)
| | - Milena Popov
- Department of Phytomedicine and Environmental Protection, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Novi Sad, 21000 Novi Sad, Serbia; (B.K.); (N.S.); (J.Š.E.); (T.S.); (M.C.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Nataša Samardžić
- Department of Phytomedicine and Environmental Protection, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Novi Sad, 21000 Novi Sad, Serbia; (B.K.); (N.S.); (J.Š.E.); (T.S.); (M.C.)
| | - Milica Aćimović
- Institute of Field and Vegetable Crops Novi Sad, 21101 Novi Sad, Serbia; (M.A.); (M.R.)
| | - Jovana Šućur Elez
- Department of Phytomedicine and Environmental Protection, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Novi Sad, 21000 Novi Sad, Serbia; (B.K.); (N.S.); (J.Š.E.); (T.S.); (M.C.)
| | - Tijana Stojanović
- Department of Phytomedicine and Environmental Protection, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Novi Sad, 21000 Novi Sad, Serbia; (B.K.); (N.S.); (J.Š.E.); (T.S.); (M.C.)
| | - Marina Crnković
- Department of Phytomedicine and Environmental Protection, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Novi Sad, 21000 Novi Sad, Serbia; (B.K.); (N.S.); (J.Š.E.); (T.S.); (M.C.)
| | - Miloš Rajković
- Institute of Field and Vegetable Crops Novi Sad, 21101 Novi Sad, Serbia; (M.A.); (M.R.)
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Fabrication, characterization, and performance of antimicrobial alginate-based films containing thymol-loaded lipid nanoparticles: Comparison of nanoemulsions and nanostructured lipid carriers. Int J Biol Macromol 2022; 207:801-812. [PMID: 35358573 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2022.03.149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2021] [Revised: 03/17/2022] [Accepted: 03/23/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Antimicrobial biopolymer films were prepared by incorporating thymol-loaded nanostructured lipid carriers (NLC) or nanoemulsions (NE) into Ca-alginate solutions. Thymol-loaded-NLCs with thymol/lipid mass ratios of 0.1 and 0.2 were prepared and then used to fabricate NLC/alginate films containing either 20% (NLC20 film) or 10% (NLC10 film) of NLCs. Consequently, these two films had the same total thymol mass fraction: R thymol/alginate = 0.02. A nanoemulsion-loaded film (NE film) containing the same amount of thymol and a neat alginate film (control) were also prepared. Incorporation of the NLCs increased the porosity and surface roughness, thickness, water vapor permeability, and yellowness of the films, but decreased their water contact angle, mechanical strength, and swelling ratio. The release of thymol into the air and into water-ethanol solutions was slower for NLC-loaded than NE-loaded films, moreover being slower for the NLC20 than NLC10 films. The antimicrobial activity of the active films was tested on ground beef samples. Their antimicrobial activity was correlated to their release rates, with the NLC20 film giving the longest protection against the enumerated microorganisms. Our results show that encapsulating antimicrobial essential oils within NLCs was more effective at creating antimicrobial films with sustained release properties than encapsulating them within NEs.
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Chemical Composition, Total Phenolic Content, and Antioxidant Activity of the Essential Oils Extracted from the Needle of Ten Pinus Taxa. J CHEM-NY 2022. [DOI: 10.1155/2022/7440906] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
This study investigated the chemical compositions of essential oils (EOs) from ten taxa belonging to the Pinus genus. The studied taxa that grow wildly in China, and the EOs were extracted by steam distillation; the chemical compositions were isolated and characterized by GC-MS. Eighty-one components, representing over 92.10% of the EOs, were identified. The main constituents of EOs were α-pinene (6.44%–53.00%), β-caryophyllene (2.43%–24.64%), β-pinene (0.00%–22.32%), δ-cadinene (2.56%–17.56%), germacrene D (0.74%–11.38%), and camphene (0.78%–10.48%). Furthermore, we determined the total phenolic content (TPC) of the EOs, with the values from 26.50 to 60.01 mg eq GAE/mL EO. DPPH free radical scavenging activity (DPPH), ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP), and ABTS radical cation scavenging activity (ABTS) were used to evaluate the antioxidant capacity of the EOs, and the obtained values were ranged from 499.15 to 1,272.75 mmol eq Trolox/mL EO, 1,255.67 to 3,857.93 mmol eq Trolox/mL EO, and 370.81 to 1,677.19 mmol eq Trolox/mL EO, respectively. The results showed that all of the EOs studied had strong antioxidant activity, and these pine plants could be used as natural antioxidants in functional food and pharmaceutical industries.
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Cao R, Liu X, Zhai X, Wang L, Zhou Z. Preparation, investigation and storage application of thymol-chitooligosaccharide complex with enhanced antioxidant and antibacterial properties. JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE 2022; 102:1561-1568. [PMID: 34403490 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.11492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2021] [Revised: 08/02/2021] [Accepted: 08/17/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Thymol (Thy) is a natural bioactive agent which possesses various properties and has been widely used in medicine and food industries. However, its poor bioavailability can limit its application. RESULTS In this study, Thy was interacted with chitooligosaccharide (COS) as Thy-COS complex via an ionic crosslinking method using sodium tripolyphosphate as a crosslinker. The characteristics and thermal stability of Thy-COS were evaluated by ultraviolet-visible (UV-vis), Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, proton nuclear magnetic resonance (1 H-NMR) and thermogravimetric analysis, and its antioxidant and antibacterial properties were also evaluated. The highest loading capacity of Thy (52.3%) in Thy-COS formed at mass ratio of 1:5. Results indicated the Thy-COS complex was formed mainly by hydrophobic interactions and hydrogen bonds. Upon complexation, the thermal stability, antioxidant and antibacterial activity of Thy were significantly improved. Thy-COS complex was made into a coated film for Nanguo pears and greatly improved its storage quality. Thy-COS delayed the weight loss and softening of Nanguo pears and kept more vitamin-C content (2.12 mg (100 g)-1 ). CONCLUSION In conclusion, Thy-COS was successfully prepared and improved antioxidant and antibacterial properties of Thy, which has great potential in the food industry. © 2021 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruge Cao
- State Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, College of Food Science and Engineering, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin, China
| | - Xinru Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, College of Food Science and Engineering, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin, China
| | - Xuqing Zhai
- State Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, College of Food Science and Engineering, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin, China
| | - Lili Wang
- Institute of Food Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing, China
| | - Zhongkai Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, College of Food Science and Engineering, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin, China
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Fan J, Sun H, Liu Y, Li X, Wu H, Ren X. Sanchen powder extract combined with vancomycin against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus. JOURNAL OF TRADITIONAL CHINESE MEDICAL SCIENCES 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jtcms.2022.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
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Chakraborty P, Nath D, Hoque M, Sarkar P, Hati S, Mishra BK. Biopolymer‐based antimicrobial coatings for aquatic food products: A Review. J FOOD PROCESS PRES 2022. [DOI: 10.1111/jfpp.16465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Priyanka Chakraborty
- Department of Rural Development and Agricultural Production North‐Eastern Hill University Tura Campus India
| | - Debarshi Nath
- Department of Food Process Engineering National Institute of Technology Rourkela India
| | - Monjurul Hoque
- Teagasc Ashtown Food Research Centre Teagasc Ashtown Dublin 15 Ireland
- School of Food and Nutritional Sciences University College Cork T12 R229 Cork Ireland
| | - Preetam Sarkar
- Department of Food Process Engineering National Institute of Technology Rourkela India
| | - Subrota Hati
- Department of Dairy Microbiology SMC College of Dairy Science Anand Agricultural University India
| | - Birendra Kumar Mishra
- Department of Rural Development and Agricultural Production North‐Eastern Hill University Tura Campus India
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Kessler JC, Vieira VA, Martins IM, Manrique YA, Afonso A, Ferreira P, Mandim F, Ferreira ICFR, Barros L, Rodrigues AE, Dias MM. Obtaining Aromatic Extracts from Portuguese Thymus mastichina L. by Hydrodistillation and Supercritical Fluid Extraction with CO 2 as Potential Flavouring Additives for Food Applications. MOLECULES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 27:molecules27030694. [PMID: 35163959 PMCID: PMC8838556 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27030694] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2021] [Revised: 01/14/2022] [Accepted: 01/18/2022] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Humans often respond to sensory impulses provided by aromas, and current trends have generated interest in natural sources of fragrances rather than the commonly used synthetic additives. For the first time, the resulting aroma of a selected culture of Thymus mastichina L. was studied as a potential food ingredient. In this context, dried (DR) and fresh (FR) samples were submitted to carbon dioxide (CO2) supercritical extraction (SFE) and hydrodistillation (HD) methods. The extracts were characterised according to their volatile composition by GC-MS, cytotoxicity against a non-tumour cell culture, and sensory attributes (odour threshold and olfactive descriptors). The most abundant aromas were quantified, and the analysis performed by GC-MS revealed an abundance of terpenoids such as thymol chemotype, followed by the precursors α-terpinene and p-cymene. DR and FR extracts (EX) obtained from SFE-CO2 show the highest content of thymol, achieving 52.7% and 72.5% of the isolated volatile fraction. The DR essential oil (EO) contained the highest amount of terpenoids, but it was also the most cytotoxic extract. In contrast, SFE-CO2 products showed the lowest cytotoxic potential. Regarding FR-OE, it had the lowest extraction yield and composition in aroma volatiles. Additionally, all samples were described as having green, fresh and floral sensory notes, with no significant statistical differences regarding the odour detection threshold (ODT) values. Finally, FR-EX of T. mastichina obtained by SFE-CO2 presented the most promising results regarding food application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Júlia C. Kessler
- Laboratory of Separation and Reaction Engineering-Laboratory of Catalysis and Materials (LSRE-LCM), Faculty of Engineering, University of Porto, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal; (J.C.K.); (V.A.V.); (Y.A.M.); (A.E.R.); (M.M.D.)
- Associate Laboratory in Chemical Engineering (ALiCE), Faculty of Engineering, University of Porto, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal
- Centro de Investigação de Montanha (Mountain Research Center) (CIMO), Polytechnic Institute of Bragança, Campus de Santa Apolónia, 5300-253 Bragança, Portugal; (F.M.); (I.C.F.R.F.); (L.B.)
| | - Vanessa A. Vieira
- Laboratory of Separation and Reaction Engineering-Laboratory of Catalysis and Materials (LSRE-LCM), Faculty of Engineering, University of Porto, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal; (J.C.K.); (V.A.V.); (Y.A.M.); (A.E.R.); (M.M.D.)
- Associate Laboratory in Chemical Engineering (ALiCE), Faculty of Engineering, University of Porto, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal
- DEIFIL-Deifil Technology, Serzedelo, 4839-704 Póvoa de Lanhoso, Portugal; (A.A.); (P.F.)
| | - Isabel M. Martins
- Laboratory of Separation and Reaction Engineering-Laboratory of Catalysis and Materials (LSRE-LCM), Faculty of Engineering, University of Porto, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal; (J.C.K.); (V.A.V.); (Y.A.M.); (A.E.R.); (M.M.D.)
- Associate Laboratory in Chemical Engineering (ALiCE), Faculty of Engineering, University of Porto, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +351-22-508-1686
| | - Yaidelin A. Manrique
- Laboratory of Separation and Reaction Engineering-Laboratory of Catalysis and Materials (LSRE-LCM), Faculty of Engineering, University of Porto, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal; (J.C.K.); (V.A.V.); (Y.A.M.); (A.E.R.); (M.M.D.)
- Associate Laboratory in Chemical Engineering (ALiCE), Faculty of Engineering, University of Porto, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal
| | - Andreia Afonso
- DEIFIL-Deifil Technology, Serzedelo, 4839-704 Póvoa de Lanhoso, Portugal; (A.A.); (P.F.)
| | - Patrícia Ferreira
- DEIFIL-Deifil Technology, Serzedelo, 4839-704 Póvoa de Lanhoso, Portugal; (A.A.); (P.F.)
| | - Filipa Mandim
- Centro de Investigação de Montanha (Mountain Research Center) (CIMO), Polytechnic Institute of Bragança, Campus de Santa Apolónia, 5300-253 Bragança, Portugal; (F.M.); (I.C.F.R.F.); (L.B.)
| | - Isabel C. F. R. Ferreira
- Centro de Investigação de Montanha (Mountain Research Center) (CIMO), Polytechnic Institute of Bragança, Campus de Santa Apolónia, 5300-253 Bragança, Portugal; (F.M.); (I.C.F.R.F.); (L.B.)
| | - Lillian Barros
- Centro de Investigação de Montanha (Mountain Research Center) (CIMO), Polytechnic Institute of Bragança, Campus de Santa Apolónia, 5300-253 Bragança, Portugal; (F.M.); (I.C.F.R.F.); (L.B.)
| | - Alírio E. Rodrigues
- Laboratory of Separation and Reaction Engineering-Laboratory of Catalysis and Materials (LSRE-LCM), Faculty of Engineering, University of Porto, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal; (J.C.K.); (V.A.V.); (Y.A.M.); (A.E.R.); (M.M.D.)
- Associate Laboratory in Chemical Engineering (ALiCE), Faculty of Engineering, University of Porto, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal
| | - Madalena M. Dias
- Laboratory of Separation and Reaction Engineering-Laboratory of Catalysis and Materials (LSRE-LCM), Faculty of Engineering, University of Porto, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal; (J.C.K.); (V.A.V.); (Y.A.M.); (A.E.R.); (M.M.D.)
- Associate Laboratory in Chemical Engineering (ALiCE), Faculty of Engineering, University of Porto, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal
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Seidavi A, Tavakoli M, Asroosh F, Scanes CG, Abd El-Hack ME, Naiel MAE, Taha AE, Aleya L, El-Tarabily KA, Swelum AA. Antioxidant and antimicrobial activities of phytonutrients as antibiotic substitutes in poultry feed. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022; 29:5006-5031. [PMID: 34811612 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-021-17401-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2021] [Accepted: 11/03/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Globally, there is increasing demand for safe poultry food products free from antibiotic residues. There is thus a need to develop alternatives to antibiotics with safe nutritional feed derivatives that maximize performance, promote the intestinal immune status, enrich beneficial microbiota, promote health, and reduce the adverse effects of pathogenic infectious microorganisms. With the move away from including antibiotics in poultry diets, botanicals are among the most important alternatives to antibiotics. Some botanicals such as fennel, garlic, oregano, mint, and rosemary have been reported to increase the poultry's growth rate and/or feed to gain ratio. Botanicals' role is assumed to be mediated by improved immune responses and/or shifts in the microbial population in the intestine, with the elimination of pathogenic species. In addition, modulation of the gut microbiota resulted in various physiological and immunological responses and promoted beneficial bacterial strains that led to a healthy gut. There is thus a need to understand the relationship between poultry diets supplemented with botanicals and good health of the entire gastrointestinal tract if we intend to use these natural products to promote general health status and production. This current review provides an overview of current knowledge about certain botanicals that improve poultry productivity by modulating intestinal health and reducing the negative impacts of numerous pathogenic bacteria. This review also describes the efficacy, negative effects, and modes of action of some common herbal plants applied in poultry as alternatives to reduce the use of antibiotics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alireza Seidavi
- Department of Animal Science, Rasht Branch, Islamic Azad University, Rasht, Iran.
| | - Masoomeh Tavakoli
- Department of Animal Science, Rasht Branch, Islamic Azad University, Rasht, Iran
| | - Fariborz Asroosh
- Department of Animal Science, Rasht Branch, Islamic Azad University, Rasht, Iran
| | - Colin G Scanes
- Center of Excellence in Poultry Science, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR, 72701, USA
| | - Mohamed E Abd El-Hack
- Poultry Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Zagazig University, Zagazig, 44511, Egypt
| | - Mohammed A E Naiel
- Department of Animal Production, Faculty of Agriculture, Zagazig University, Zagazig, 44511, Egypt.
| | - Ayman E Taha
- Department of Animal Husbandry and Animal Wealth Development, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Alexandria University, Edfina, 22758, Egypt
| | - Lotfi Aleya
- Chrono-Environnement Laboratory, UMR CNRS 6249, Bourgogne Franche-Comté University, Besançon Cedex, France
| | - Khaled A El-Tarabily
- Department of Biology, College of Science, United Arab Emirates University, 15551, Al-Ain, United Arab Emirates.
- Harry Butler Institute, Murdoch University, Murdoch, Western Australia, 6150, Australia.
| | - Ayman A Swelum
- Department of Theriogenology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, Sharkia, Egypt
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Sampaio CI, Bourbon AI, Gonçalves C, Pastrana LM, Dias AM, Cerqueira MA. Low energy nanoemulsions as carriers of thyme and lemon balm essential oils. Lebensm Wiss Technol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lwt.2021.112748] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
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In Vitro and In Vivo Antidiabetic Potential of Monoterpenoids: An Update. MOLECULES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2021; 27:molecules27010182. [PMID: 35011414 PMCID: PMC8746715 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27010182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2021] [Revised: 12/20/2021] [Accepted: 12/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a chronic metabolic condition characterized by persistent hyperglycemia due to insufficient insulin levels or insulin resistance. Despite the availability of several oral and injectable hypoglycemic agents, their use is associated with a wide range of side effects. Monoterpenes are compounds extracted from different plants including herbs, vegetables, and fruits and they contribute to their aroma and flavor. Based on their chemical structure, monoterpenes are classified into acyclic, monocyclic, and bicyclic monoterpenes. They have been found to exhibit numerous biological and medicinal effects such as antipruritic, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and analgesic activities. Therefore, monoterpenes emerged as promising molecules that can be used therapeutically to treat a vast range of diseases. Additionally, monoterpenes were found to modulate enzymes and proteins that contribute to insulin resistance and other pathological events caused by DM. In this review, we highlight the different mechanisms by which monoterpenes can be used in the pharmacological intervention of DM via the alteration of certain enzymes, proteins, and pathways involved in the pathophysiology of DM. Based on the fact that monoterpenes have multiple mechanisms of action on different targets in in vitro and in vivo studies, they can be considered as lead compounds for developing effective hypoglycemic agents. Incorporating these compounds in clinical trials is needed to investigate their actions in diabetic patients in order to confirm their ability in controlling hyperglycemia.
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Vladić J, Duarte ARC, Radman S, Simić S, Jerković I. Enzymatic and Microwave Pretreatments and Supercritical CO 2 Extraction for Improving Extraction Efficiency and Quality of Origanum vulgare L. spp. hirtum Extracts. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2021; 11:54. [PMID: 35009059 PMCID: PMC8747452 DOI: 10.3390/plants11010054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2021] [Revised: 12/15/2021] [Accepted: 12/22/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The goal of the study was to establish a procedure for improving the efficiency of supercritical carbon dioxide (scCO2) extraction of Origanum vulgare L. spp. hirtum (Greek oregano) and enhancing the quality of obtained extracts. Microwave and enzymatic pretreatments of the plant material were applied prior to the scCO2 extraction. It was determined that the microwave pretreatment with irradiation power 360 W during 2 min accelerated the extraction of lipophilic compounds and provided a twofold higher extraction yield compared to the control. Moreover, this pretreatment also led to an increase in oxygenated monoterpenes content and the most dominant component carvacrol, as well as the extracts' antioxidant activity. The enzymatic pretreatment caused a significant increase in the extraction yield and the attainment of the extract with the most potent antioxidant properties. Coupling the pretreatments with scCO2 extraction improves the process of obtaining high value lipophilic products of oregano in terms of utilization of the plant material, acceleration of the extraction with the possibility to adjust its selectivity and quality of extracts, and enhancement of biological activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jelena Vladić
- Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal;
- Faculty of Technology, University of Novi Sad, Bulevar cara Lazara 1, 21000 Novi Sad, Serbia;
| | - Ana Rita C. Duarte
- Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal;
| | - Sanja Radman
- Faculty of Chemistry and Technology, University of Split, Ruđera Boškovića 35, 21000 Split, Croatia; (S.R.); (I.J.)
| | - Siniša Simić
- Faculty of Technology, University of Novi Sad, Bulevar cara Lazara 1, 21000 Novi Sad, Serbia;
| | - Igor Jerković
- Faculty of Chemistry and Technology, University of Split, Ruđera Boškovića 35, 21000 Split, Croatia; (S.R.); (I.J.)
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Zheljazkov VD, Jeliazkova EA, Astatkie T. Allelopathic Effects of Essential Oils on Seed Germination of Barley and Wheat. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2021; 10:plants10122728. [PMID: 34961198 PMCID: PMC8708003 DOI: 10.3390/plants10122728] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2021] [Revised: 11/29/2021] [Accepted: 12/06/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
In this study, we evaluated the allelopathic effects of essential oils (EOs) from six different plant species, namely, lavender (Lavandula angustifolia), hyssop (Hyssopus officinalis), English thyme (Thymus vulgaris), lovage (Levisticum officinale), costmary (Chrysanthemum balsamita), and cumin (Cuminum cyminum), on seed germination and seedling growth of barley (Hordeum vulgare) and wheat (Triticum aestivum). The main constituents of the EOs of L. angustifolia were 47.0% linalool acetate and 28.4% linalool; H. officinalis' main constituents were 39.8% cis-pinocamphone, 9.8% trans-pinocamphone, 11.4% β-pinene, and 7.5% β-phellandrene; T. vulgaris' were 38.2% para-cymene, 25.6% thymol, and 13.6% γ-terpinene; L. officinale's were 64.8% α-terpinyl acetate and 14.7% β-phellandrene; C. balsamita's were 43.7% camphor, 32.4% trans-thujone, and 11.6% camphene; C. cyminum's were 49.6% cumin aldehyde, 10.4% para-cymene, 11.6% α-terpinen-7-al, and 9.1% β-pinene. All six EOs exhibited an allelopathic effect and suppressed the seed germination and seedling development of wheat and barley; however, the concentrations that exhibited a suppressing effect were different among the plants. C. cyminum EO completely suppressed both barley and wheat germination at 10-, 30-, and 90-µL application rates, making it the most effective treatment among the tested EOs. C. balsamita's and H. officinalis' EOs at 30 and 90 µL application rates completely suppressed barley and wheat radicles per seed, radicle length (mm), seedling height (mm), and germination (%). L. angustifolia's EOs at 30- and 90-µL and T. vulgaris' EO at 90 µL application rates also completely suppressed barley and wheat radicles per seed, radicle length (mm), seedling height (mm), and germination (%). C. balsamita's, H. officinalis', L. angustifolia's, and T. vulgaris' EOs at a 10 µL application rate reduced barley radicle length, seedling height, and % germination relative to the control. Wheat seed germination % was completely suppressed by the application of L. angustifolia's and T. vulgaris' EOs at 30 and 90 µL, while T. vulgaris' EO at 10 µL rate reduced the germination relative to the control. Interestingly, C. balsamita and H. officinalis at 10 µL did not reduce wheat germination; however, they did reduce the number of radicles per seed, radicle length (mm), seedling height (mm), germination (%), and vigor index. Furthermore, L. officinale's EO reduced the measured indices (radicles per seed, radicle length, seedling height, and vigor index) at the 10, 30, and 90 µL application rates relative to the non-treated control; however, none of the application rates of L. officinale's EO had a suppression effect on wheat germination. This study demonstrated the allelopathic effects of the EOs of six different herbal plant species on seed germination of barley and winter wheat. The results can be utilized in the development of commercial products for controlling pre-harvest sprouting of wheat and barley. Further research is needed to verify the results under field conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valtcho D. Zheljazkov
- Crop and Soil Science Department, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA;
| | | | - Tess Astatkie
- Department of Engineering, Faculty of Agriculture, Dalhousie University, Truro, NS B2N 5E3, Canada;
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Strantzali D, Kostoglou D, Perikleous A, Zestas M, Ornithopoulou S, Dubois-Brissonnet F, Giaouris E. Comparative assessment of the disinfection effectiveness of thymol and benzalkonium chloride against adapted and non-adapted to thymol biofilm cells of a Salmonella Typhimurium epidemic phage type DT193 strain. Food Control 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodcont.2021.108239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Silva AS, Tewari D, Sureda A, Suntar I, Belwal T, Battino M, Nabavi SM, Nabavi SF. The evidence of health benefits and food applications of Thymus vulgaris L. Trends Food Sci Technol 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tifs.2021.11.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
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Lamponi S. Bioactive Natural Compounds with Antiplatelet and Anticoagulant Activity and Their Potential Role in the Treatment of Thrombotic Disorders. Life (Basel) 2021; 11:1095. [PMID: 34685464 PMCID: PMC8540276 DOI: 10.3390/life11101095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2021] [Revised: 10/08/2021] [Accepted: 10/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Natural anticoagulant drugs can be obtained from plants, rich in secondary bioactive metabolites which, in addition to being effective antioxidants, also possess anticoagulant and antiplatelet properties and, for this reason, can be excellent candidates for the treatment of thrombotic diseases. This review reports an overview of the hemostatic process and thrombotic disorders together with data on plants, more and less common from around the world, containing bioactive compounds characterized by antiplatelet and anticoagulant activity. The reported literature was obtained from Medline, PubMed, Elsevier, Web of Science, Google Scholar considering only articles in the English language, published in peer-reviewed journals. The number of citations of the articles and the impact factor of the journals were other parameters used to select the scientific papers to be included in the review. The analysis of the literature data selected demonstrates that many plants' bioactive compounds show antiplatelet and anticoagulant activity that make them potential candidates to be used as new natural compounds able to interfere with both primary and secondary hemostasis. Moreover, they could be used together with anticoagulants currently administered in clinical practice to increase their efficacy and to reduce complications in the treatment of thrombotic disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefania Lamponi
- Department of Biotechnologies, Chemistry and Pharmacy and SienabioACTIVE, University of Siena, Via Aldo Moro 2, 53100 Siena, Italy
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Identification and quantification of phenolic and volatile constituents in five different Anatolian thyme species using LC–MS/MS and GC-MS, with biological activities. FOOD BIOSCI 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fbio.2021.101141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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40
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Extraction Processes Affect the Composition and Bioavailability of Flavones from Lamiaceae Plants: A Comprehensive Review. Processes (Basel) 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/pr9091675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Lamiaceae plants are a widespread family of herbaceous plants with around 245 plant genera and nearly 22,576 species distributed in the world. Some of the most representative and widely studied Lamiaceae plants belong to the Ocimum, Origanum, Salvia, and Thymus genera. These plants are a rich source of bioactive molecules such as terpenes, flavonoids, and phenolic acids. In this sense, there is a subgroup of flavonoids classified as flavones. Flavones have antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anti-cancer, and anti-diabetic potential; thus, efficient extraction techniques from their original plant matrixes have been developed. Currently, conventional extraction methods involving organic solvents are no longer recommended due to their environmental consequences, and new environmentally friendly techniques have been developed. Moreover, once extracted, the bioactivity of flavones is highly linked to their bioavailability, which is often neglected. This review aims to comprehensively gather recent information (2011–2021) regarding extraction techniques and their important relationship with the bioavailability of flavones from Lamiaceae plants including Salvia, Ocimum, Thymus, and Origanum.
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Floris B, Galloni P, Conte V, Sabuzi F. Tailored Functionalization of Natural Phenols to Improve Biological Activity. Biomolecules 2021; 11:1325. [PMID: 34572538 PMCID: PMC8467377 DOI: 10.3390/biom11091325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2021] [Revised: 08/31/2021] [Accepted: 09/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Phenols are widespread in nature, being the major components of several plants and essential oils. Natural phenols' anti-microbial, anti-bacterial, anti-oxidant, pharmacological and nutritional properties are, nowadays, well established. Hence, given their peculiar biological role, numerous studies are currently ongoing to overcome their limitations, as well as to enhance their activity. In this review, the functionalization of selected natural phenols is critically examined, mainly highlighting their improved bioactivity after the proper chemical transformations. In particular, functionalization of the most abundant naturally occurring monophenols, diphenols, lipidic phenols, phenolic acids, polyphenols and curcumin derivatives is explored.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbara Floris
- Department of Chemical Science and Technologies, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Via della Ricerca Scientifica, snc, 00133 Roma, Italy
| | - Pierluca Galloni
- Department of Chemical Science and Technologies, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Via della Ricerca Scientifica, snc, 00133 Roma, Italy
| | - Valeria Conte
- Department of Chemical Science and Technologies, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Via della Ricerca Scientifica, snc, 00133 Roma, Italy
| | - Federica Sabuzi
- Department of Chemical Science and Technologies, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Via della Ricerca Scientifica, snc, 00133 Roma, Italy
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Almasi L, Radi M, Amiri S, McClements DJ. Fabrication and characterization of antimicrobial biopolymer films containing essential oil-loaded microemulsions or nanoemulsions. Food Hydrocoll 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodhyd.2021.106733] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
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43
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Garg A, Ahmad J, Hassan MZ. Inclusion complex of thymol and hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin (HP-β-CD) in polymeric hydrogel for topical application: Physicochemical characterization, molecular docking, and stability evaluation. J Drug Deliv Sci Technol 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jddst.2021.102609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Nowak K, Jabłońska E, Ratajczak-Wrona W. Controversy around parabens: Alternative strategies for preservative use in cosmetics and personal care products. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2021; 198:110488. [PMID: 33221305 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2020.110488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2020] [Revised: 11/09/2020] [Accepted: 11/12/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Parabens usage as preservatives in cosmetics and personal care products have been debated among scientists and consumers. Parabens are easy to production, effective and cheap, but its safety status remains controversial. Other popular cosmetics preservatives are formaldehyde, triclosan, methylisothiazolinone, methylchloroisothiazolinone, phenoxyethanol, benzyl alcohol and sodium benzoate. Although their high antimicrobial effectiveness, they also exhibit some adverse health effects. Lately, scientists have shown that natural substances such as essential oils and plant extracts present antimicrobial potential. However, their use in cosmetic is a challenge. The present review article is a comprehensive summary of the available methods to prevent microbial contamination of cosmetics and personal care products, which can allow reducing the use of parabens in these products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karolina Nowak
- Department of Immunology, Medical University of Bialystok, Poland.
| | - Ewa Jabłońska
- Department of Immunology, Medical University of Bialystok, Poland
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Chaib S, Benali N, Arhab R, Sadraoui Ajmi I, Bendaoued H, Romdhane M. Preparation of Thymus vulgaris Essential Oil Microcapsules by Complex Coacervation and Direct Emulsion: Synthesis, Characterization and Controlled Release Properties. ARABIAN JOURNAL FOR SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s13369-020-05223-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
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Jin H, Leng Q, Zhang C, Zhu Y, Wang J. P-cymene prevent high-fat diet-associated colorectal cancer by improving the structure of intestinal flora. J Cancer 2021; 12:4355-4361. [PMID: 34093835 PMCID: PMC8176407 DOI: 10.7150/jca.57049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2020] [Accepted: 04/27/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective: To investigate the preventing effect of P-cymene on high fat diet-related colorectal cancer and its mechanism. Methods: Forty Wistar rats were randomly divided into G1 group (high-fat diet), G2 group (high-fat diet + DMH), G3 group (high-fat diet + P-cymene), and G4 group (high-fat diet + DMH + P-cymene).G2 and G4 groups were subcutaneously injected with dimethylhydrazine (DMH), and G3 and G4 groups were intragastrically administered with P-cymene to investigate the effects of P-cymene on tumor formation, inflammatory factors, glucose, lipid metabolism and gut microbes. Results: No tumors were formed in the high-fat diet group (G1) or the high-fat diet + P-cymone group (G3). 7 rats (70%) of the high-fat diet + DMH group (G2) developed 8 cancerous nodules, including 6 adenocarcinomas and 2 signet ring cell carcinomas; 4 rats (40%) in the high-fat diet + DMH + P-cymene group (G4) group formed 4 cancerous nodules, all of which were adenocarcinoma. There was no significant difference in the changes of glucose and lipid metabolism in each group. After the use of P-cymene, IL-1 decreased, IL-6 increased, and LEP decreased in the G4 group.The difference was statistically significant.The contents of Candida and Unclassified Bacteria in the G3 group rats were significantly lower than those in the G1 group.At the species level comparison, compared with the G2 group, the content of Clostridium XlVa in the intestinal tract of the G2 group rats was significantly increased compared to the G1 group. Conclusion: In this study, it was found that p-cymenen can prevent the occurrence of colorectal cancer related to high-fat and high-calorie diet. The mechanism may be is reducing the expression of inflammatory factors such as IL-1 and LEP, increasing the expression of inflammatory factors of IL-6, and promoting the growth of probiotics such as bifidobacteria, isobacteria and clostridium IV in the intestinal tract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heiying Jin
- Department of colorectal surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, 23Nanhu Road, Nanjing 210017, China
| | - Qiang Leng
- Department of colorectal surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, 23Nanhu Road, Nanjing 210017, China
| | - Chunxia Zhang
- Department of colorectal surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, 23Nanhu Road, Nanjing 210017, China
| | - Ya Zhu
- Department of colorectal surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, 23Nanhu Road, Nanjing 210017, China
| | - Jun Wang
- Department of colorectal surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, 23Nanhu Road, Nanjing 210017, China
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Oliveira Ribeiro S, Fontaine V, Mathieu V, Abdesselam Z, Dominique B, Caroline S, Florence S. Antibacterial Activities of Homemade Matrices Miming Essential Oils Compared to Commercial Ones. Antibiotics (Basel) 2021; 10:584. [PMID: 34069154 PMCID: PMC8156816 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics10050584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2021] [Revised: 05/10/2021] [Accepted: 05/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The increasing bacterial resistance to antibiotics is a worldwide concern. Essential oils are known to possess remarkable antibacterial properties, but their high chemical variability complicates their development into new antibacterial agents. Therefore, the main purpose of this study was to standardize their chemical composition. Several commercial essential oils of ajowan (Trachyspermum ammi L.) and thyme (chemotype thymol) (Thymus vulgaris L.) were bought on the market. GC-MS analysis revealed that thyme essential oils have a chemical composition far more consistent than ajowan essential oils. Sometimes thymol was not even the major compound. The most abundant compounds and the homemade mixtures were tested against two Staphylococcus aureus strains. The antibacterial property of β-caryophyllene presented no direct activity against S. aureus LMG 15975, but in association with thymol or carvacrol at equal percentages an MIC of 125 μg/mL was observed. The mixture of those three compounds at equivalent percentages also decreased by 16-fold the MIC of the penicillin V. Against S. aureus LMG 21674, β-caryophyllene presented an MIC of 31.3 μg/mL and decreased by 267-fold the MIC of the penicillin V. These observations led us to question the benefits of using a complex chemical mixture instead of one active compound to fight bacterial resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sofia Oliveira Ribeiro
- Department of Research in Drug Development (RD3), Pharmacognosy, Bioanalysis and Drug Discovery Unit, Faculty of Pharmacy, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Boulevard du Triomphe, 1050 Brussels, Belgium;
| | - Véronique Fontaine
- Department of Research in Drug Development (RD3), Microbiology, Bioorganic and Macromolecular Chemistry Unit, Faculty of Pharmacy, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Boulevard du Triomphe, 1050 Brussels, Belgium;
| | - Véronique Mathieu
- Department of Pharmacotherapy and Pharmaceutics, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Boulevard du Triomphe, 1050 Brussels, Belgium;
| | - Zhiri Abdesselam
- Pranarôm International S.A. 37, Avenue des Artisans, 7822 Ghislenghien, Belgium; (Z.A.); (B.D.)
- Unité de Recherche en Biotechnologie Végétale, Université Libre de Bruxelles, CP 300, Rue Prof. Jeener & Brachet 12, 6041 Gosselies, Belgium
| | - Baudoux Dominique
- Pranarôm International S.A. 37, Avenue des Artisans, 7822 Ghislenghien, Belgium; (Z.A.); (B.D.)
| | - Stévigny Caroline
- Department of Research in Drug Development (RD3), Pharmacognosy, Bioanalysis and Drug Discovery Unit, Faculty of Pharmacy, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Boulevard du Triomphe, 1050 Brussels, Belgium;
| | - Souard Florence
- Department of Pharmacotherapy and Pharmaceutics (DPP), Pharmacology, Pharmacotherapy and Pharmaceutical Care Unit, Faculty of Pharmacy, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Boulevard du Triomphe, 1050 Brussels, Belgium;
- Département de Pharmacochimie Moléculaire (DPM), Université Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, UMR 5063, F3Y041 Grenoble, France
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Evaluation of the in vitro antibacterial activity of some essential oils and their blends against Staphylococcus spp. isolated from episodes of sheep mastitis. RENDICONTI LINCEI. SCIENZE FISICHE E NATURALI 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s12210-021-00991-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
AbstractStaphylococcus aureus and coagulase-negative staphylococci are among the major causes of mastitis in sheep. The main goal of this research was to determine the in vitro antibacterial activity of several essential oils (EOs, n 30), then five of them were chosen and tested alone and in blends against staphylococci isolates. Five bacteria were isolated from episodes of ovine mastitis (two S. aureus and three S. xylosus). Biochemical and molecular methods were employed to identify the isolates and disk diffusion method was performed to determine their antimicrobial-resistance profile. The relative percentage of the main constituents in the tested essential oils and their blends was detected by GC-EIMS analysis. Antibacterial and bactericidal effectiveness of essential oils and blends were evaluated through minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimal bactericidal concentration (MBC). All of them showed sensitivity to the used antimicrobials. The EOs with the highest antibacterial activity were those belonging to the Lamiaceae family characterized by high concentrations of thymol, carvacrol and its precursor p-cymene, together with cinnamon EO, rich in cinnamaldehyde. In terms of both MIC and MBC values, the blend composed by Thymus capitatus EO 40%, Cinnamomum zeylanicum EO 20%, Thymus serpyllum EO 20% and Satureja montana EO 20% was found to be the most effective against all the isolates. Some essential oils appear to represent, at least in vitro, a valid tool against ovine mastitis pathogens. Some blends showed a remarkable effectiveness than the single oils, highlighting a synergistic effect in relation to the phytocomplex.
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49
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Patil SM, Ramu R, Shirahatti PS, Shivamallu C, Amachawadi RG. A systematic review on ethnopharmacology, phytochemistry and pharmacological aspects of Thymus vulgaris Linn. Heliyon 2021; 7:e07054. [PMID: 34041399 PMCID: PMC8141878 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2021.e07054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2020] [Revised: 02/23/2021] [Accepted: 05/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Thymus vulgaris Linn. is a medicinal and culinary herb from the Southern European region known for its anti-infective, cardioprotective, gastroprotective, anti-inflammatory, and immunomodulatory activities since the Egyptian era. The reported pharmacological activities of T. vulgaris L. include antibacterial, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antiviral, and anti-cancerous activities. In this review, a comprehensive approach is put forth to scrutinize and report the available data on phytochemistry, ethnopharmacology, pharmacology, and toxicology of the plant. The different extracts and essential oil obtained from the plant have been assessed and reported to treat ailments like microbial infections, inflammation, non-communicable diseases like cancer, and sexually transmitted diseases like HIV-1 and Herpes. The literature review has also indicated the use of volatile oils, phenolic acids, terpenoids, flavonoids, saponins, steroids, tannins, alkaloids, and polysaccharides in pharmacotherapy. Applications of these compounds including antidiabetic, anti-Alzheimer's, cardio, neuro and hepatoprotective, anti-osteoporosis, sedative, immunomodulatory, antioxidant, anti-tyrosinase, antispasmodic, antinociceptive, gastroprotective, anticonvulsant, antihypertensive, antidepressant, anti-amnesia, and anti-helminthic activities have been mentioned. Further, based on research gaps, recommendations have been provided to evaluate T. vulgaris L. systematically to develop plant-based drugs, nutraceuticals, and to evaluate their clinical efficiency and safety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shashank M. Patil
- Department of Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, School of Life Sciences, JSS Academy of Higher Education and Research, Mysuru, 570 015, Karnataka, India
| | - Ramith Ramu
- Department of Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, School of Life Sciences, JSS Academy of Higher Education and Research, Mysuru, 570 015, Karnataka, India
| | - Prithvi S. Shirahatti
- Department of Biotechnology, Teresian College, Siddhartha Nagara, Mysuru, 570 011, Karnataka, India
| | - Chandan Shivamallu
- Department of Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, School of Life Sciences, JSS Academy of Higher Education and Research, Mysuru, 570 015, Karnataka, India
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50
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Pandey AK, Chávez-González ML, Silva AS, Singh P. Essential oils from the genus Thymus as antimicrobial food preservatives: Progress in their use as nanoemulsions-a new paradigm. Trends Food Sci Technol 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tifs.2021.02.076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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