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Wang Y, Long L, Luo Q, Huang X, Zhang Y, Meng X, Chen D. Aflatoxin B1 induces ROS-dependent mitophagy by modulating the PINK1/Parkin pathway in HepG2 cells. Basic Clin Pharmacol Toxicol 2024; 135:195-209. [PMID: 38804152 DOI: 10.1111/bcpt.14034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2023] [Revised: 05/04/2024] [Accepted: 05/07/2024] [Indexed: 05/29/2024]
Abstract
Aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) is extremely harmful to both humans and animals. Mitophagy is a selective process of self-elimination and has an important role in controlling mitochondrial quality. The present study aimed to investigate the effect of reactive oxygen species (ROS) accumulation on AFB1-induced mitophagy in HepG2 cells to provide a new perspective from which to design novel therapeutic strategies to treat AFB1 poisoning. ROS release was induced in HepG2 cells with AFB1 (10 μmol/L). Cell autophagy activity, mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP), adenosine triphosphate (ATP) levels, Parkin translocation and both the transcription and expression of mitophagy-related proteins were measured when N-acetyl-L-cysteine (NAC) partially decreased the ROS level, while the knockdown of nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) resulted in a large accumulation of ROS. The results reveal that NAC pretreatment ameliorated the decline in both the MMP and the ATP levels while also activating phosphoglycerate mutase 5 (PGAM5)-PTEN-induced kinase 1 (PINK1)/Parkin, while the Nrf2 knockdown group exhibited the opposite trend. These results suggest that AFB1-induced mitophagy in HepG2 cells depends on ROS, and proper ROS activates mitophagy to play a protective role.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuxi Wang
- Institute of Public Health, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Lan Long
- Deyang Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Deyang, China
| | - Qian Luo
- Institute of Public Health, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Xinyi Huang
- Institute of Public Health, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Ying Zhang
- Institute of Public Health, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Xiao Meng
- Institute of Public Health, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Dayi Chen
- Institute of Public Health, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
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2
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Mary VS, Vélez PA, Quiroz S, Beccacece I, Otaiza-González SN, Chiapello LS, Rubinstein HR, Theumer MG. Involvement of aryl hydrocarbon receptor in the aflatoxin B 1 and fumonisin B 1 effects on in vitro differentiation of murine regulatory-T and Th17 cells. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2024:10.1007/s11356-024-34421-4. [PMID: 39039370 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-024-34421-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2024] [Accepted: 07/15/2024] [Indexed: 07/24/2024]
Abstract
Aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) and fumonisin B1 (FB1) are mycotoxins widely found as cereal contaminants, and their co-consumption is associated with liver cancer. Both are immunotoxic, but their interactions have been little studied. This work was aimed to evaluate in mouse spleen mononuclear cells (SMC) the effects of the exposure to AFB1 (5-50 µM), FB1 (25-250 µM), and AFB1-FB1 mixtures (MIX) on the in vitro differentiation of regulatory T cells (Treg and Tr1-like) and Th17 cells, as well as elucidate the contribution of aryl hydrocarbon receptor (Ahr) in such effects. AFB1 and mainly MIX induced cytotoxicity in activated CD4 cells via Ahr signaling. AFB1 (5 µM) increased the Treg cell differentiation, but its combination with FB1 (25 µM) also reduced Th17 cell expansion by Ahr-dependent mechanisms. Therefore, this mixture could enhance the Treg/Th17 cell ratio and favor immunosuppression and escape from tumor immunosurveillance to a greater extent than individual mycotoxins. Whereas, AFB1-FB1 mixtures at medium-high doses inhibited the Tr1-like cell expansion induced by the individual mycotoxins and affected Treg and Th17 cell differentiation in Ahr-independent and dependent manners, respectively, which could alter anti-inflammatory and Th17 immune responses. Moreover, individual FB1 altered regulatory T and Th17 cell development independently of Ahr. In conclusion, AFB1 and FB1 interact by modifying Ahr signaling, which is involved in the immunotoxicity as well as in the alteration of the differentiation of Treg, Tr1-like, and Th17 cells induced by AFB1-FB1 mixtures. Therefore, Ahr is implicated in the regulation of the anti- and pro-inflammatory responses caused by the combination of AFB1 and FB1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Verónica Sofía Mary
- Centro de Investigaciones en Bioquímica Clínica E Inmunología (CIBICI, UNC-CONICET), Departamento de Bioquímica Clínica, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Haya de La Torre y Medina Allende, Ciudad Universitaria, X5000HUA, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Pilar Andrea Vélez
- Centro de Investigaciones en Bioquímica Clínica E Inmunología (CIBICI, UNC-CONICET), Departamento de Bioquímica Clínica, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Haya de La Torre y Medina Allende, Ciudad Universitaria, X5000HUA, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Sol Quiroz
- Centro de Investigaciones en Bioquímica Clínica E Inmunología (CIBICI, UNC-CONICET), Departamento de Bioquímica Clínica, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Haya de La Torre y Medina Allende, Ciudad Universitaria, X5000HUA, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Ignacio Beccacece
- Centro de Investigaciones en Bioquímica Clínica E Inmunología (CIBICI, UNC-CONICET), Departamento de Bioquímica Clínica, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Haya de La Torre y Medina Allende, Ciudad Universitaria, X5000HUA, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Santiago Nicolás Otaiza-González
- Centro de Investigaciones en Bioquímica Clínica E Inmunología (CIBICI, UNC-CONICET), Departamento de Bioquímica Clínica, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Haya de La Torre y Medina Allende, Ciudad Universitaria, X5000HUA, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Laura Silvina Chiapello
- Centro de Investigaciones en Bioquímica Clínica E Inmunología (CIBICI, UNC-CONICET), Departamento de Bioquímica Clínica, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Haya de La Torre y Medina Allende, Ciudad Universitaria, X5000HUA, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Héctor Ramón Rubinstein
- Centro de Investigaciones en Bioquímica Clínica E Inmunología (CIBICI, UNC-CONICET), Departamento de Bioquímica Clínica, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Haya de La Torre y Medina Allende, Ciudad Universitaria, X5000HUA, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Martín Gustavo Theumer
- Centro de Investigaciones en Bioquímica Clínica E Inmunología (CIBICI, UNC-CONICET), Departamento de Bioquímica Clínica, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Haya de La Torre y Medina Allende, Ciudad Universitaria, X5000HUA, Córdoba, Argentina.
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Shi H, Chang G, Zhang Y, Zhao Y, Wang H, Zhang J, Zhu J. Biodegradation Characteristics and Mechanism of Aflatoxin B 1 by Bacillus amyloliquefaciens from Enzymatic and Multiomics Perspectives. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2024; 72:15841-15853. [PMID: 38957116 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.4c04055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/04/2024]
Abstract
Aflatoxin B1 (AFB1), a mycotoxin and natural carcinogen, commonly contaminates cereals and animal feeds, posing serious health risks to human and animal. In this study, Bacillus amyloliquefaciens ZG08 isolated from kimchi could effectively remove 80.93% of AFB1 within 72 h at 37 °C and pH 7.0. Metabolome and transcriptome analysis showed that metabolic processes including glycerophospholipid metabolism and amino acid metabolism were most affected in B. amyloliquefaciens ZG08 exposed to AFB1. The adaptation mechanism likely involved activation of the thioredoxin system to restore intracellular redox equilibrium. The key genes, tpx and gldA, overexpressed in Escherichia coli BL21, achieved degradation rates of 60.15% and 47.16% for 100 μg/kg AFB1 under optimal conditions of 37 °C and pH 8.0 and 45 °C and pH 7.0, respectively. The degradation products, identified as AFD1, were less cytotoxic than AFB1 in HepG2 cells. These findings suggest potential strategies for utilizing probiotics and engineered enzymes in AFB1 detoxification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Honghui Shi
- School of Food Science and Biotechnology, Zhejiang Gongshang University, Hangzhou 310018, China
| | - Guoli Chang
- School of Food Science and Biotechnology, Zhejiang Gongshang University, Hangzhou 310018, China
| | - Yuhuan Zhang
- School of Food Science and Biotechnology, Zhejiang Gongshang University, Hangzhou 310018, China
| | - Yan Zhao
- School of Food Science and Biotechnology, Zhejiang Gongshang University, Hangzhou 310018, China
| | - Haifeng Wang
- College of Animal Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Jinzhi Zhang
- College of Animal Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Junli Zhu
- School of Food Science and Biotechnology, Zhejiang Gongshang University, Hangzhou 310018, China
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4
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Naeem I, Ismail A, Riaz M, Aziz M, Akram K, Shahzad MA, Ameen M, Ali S, Oliveira CAF. Aflatoxins in the rice production chain: A review on prevalence, detection, and decontamination strategies. Food Res Int 2024; 188:114441. [PMID: 38823858 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2024.114441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2024] [Revised: 04/01/2024] [Accepted: 04/27/2024] [Indexed: 06/03/2024]
Abstract
Rice (Oryza sativa L.) is one of the most consumed cereals that along with several important nutritional constituents typically provide more than 21% of the caloric requirements of human beings. Aflatoxins (AFs) are toxic secondary metabolites of several Aspergillus species that are prevalent in cereals, including rice. This review provides a comprehensive overview on production factors, prevalence, regulations, detection methods, and decontamination strategies for AFs in the rice production chain. The prevalence of AFs in rice is more prominent in African and Asian than in European countries. Developed nations have more stringent regulations for AFs in rice than in the developing world. The contamination level of AFs in the rice varied at different stages of rice production chain and is affected by production practices, environmental conditions comprising temperature, humidity, moisture, and water activity as well as milling operations such as de-husking, parboiling, and polishing. A range of methods including chromatographic techniques, immunochemical methods, and spectrophotometric methods have been developed, and used for monitoring AFs in rice. Chromatographic methods are the most used methods of AFs detection followed by immunochemical techniques. AFs decontamination strategies adopted worldwide involve various physical, chemical, and biological strategies, and even using plant materials. In conclusion, adopting good agricultural practices, implementing efficient AFs detection methods, and developing innovative aflatoxin decontamination strategies are imperative to ensure the safety and quality of rice for consumers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iqra Naeem
- Department of Food Science & Technology, Faculty of Food Science & Nutrition, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan, Pakistan
| | - Amir Ismail
- Department of Food Safety and Quality Management, Faculty of Food Science & Nutrition, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan, Pakistan.
| | - Muhammad Riaz
- Department of Food Safety and Quality Management, Faculty of Food Science & Nutrition, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan, Pakistan
| | - Mubashir Aziz
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan, Pakistan
| | - Kashif Akram
- Department of Food Science, Cholistan University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Bahawalpur, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad A Shahzad
- Department of Food Science & Technology, Faculty of Food Science & Nutrition, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan, Pakistan
| | - Mavra Ameen
- Department of Food Science & Technology, Faculty of Food Science & Nutrition, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan, Pakistan
| | - Sher Ali
- Department of Food Engineering, Faculty of Animal Science and Food Engineering, University of São Paulo, Pirassununga, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Carlos A F Oliveira
- Department of Food Engineering, Faculty of Animal Science and Food Engineering, University of São Paulo, Pirassununga, São Paulo, Brazil.
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Sultana T, Malik K, Raja NI, Mashwani ZUR, Hameed A, Ullah R, Alqahtani AS, Sohail. Aflatoxins in Peanut ( Arachis hypogaea): Prevalence, Global Health Concern, and Management from an Innovative Nanotechnology Approach: A Mechanistic Repertoire and Future Direction. ACS OMEGA 2024; 9:25555-25574. [PMID: 38911815 PMCID: PMC11190918 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.4c01316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2024] [Revised: 05/10/2024] [Accepted: 05/22/2024] [Indexed: 06/25/2024]
Abstract
Arachis hypogaea is the most significant oilseed nutritious legume crop in agricultural trade across the world. It is recognized as a valued crop for its contributions to nourishing food, as a cooking oil, and for meeting the protein needs of people who are unable to afford animal protein. Currently, its production, marketability, and consumption are hindered because of Aspergillus species infection that consequently contaminates the kernels with aflatoxins. Regarding health concerns, humans and animals are affected by acute and chronic aflatoxin toxicity and millions of people are at high risk of chronic levels. Most methods used to store peanuts are traditional and serve effectively for short-term storage. Now the question for long-term storage has been raised, and this promptly finds potential approaches to the issue. It is imperative to reduce the aflatoxin levels in peanuts to a permissible level by introducing detoxifying innovations. Most of the detoxification reports mention physical, chemical, and biological techniques. However, many current approaches are impractical because of time consumption, loss of nutritional quality, or weak detoxifying efficiency. Therefore, it is crucial to investigate practical, economical, and green methods to control Aspergillus flavus that address current global food security problems. Herein, a green and economically revolutionary way is a nanotechnology that has demonstrated its potential to connect farmers to markets, elevate international marketability, improve human and animal health conditions, and enhance food quality and safety by the management of fungal diseases. Due to the antimicrobial potential of nanoparticles, they act as nanofungicides and have an incredible role in the control of aflatoxins. Nanoparticles have ultrasmall sizes and therefore penetrate the fungal body and invade the pathogen machinery, leading to fungal cell death by ROS production, mutation in DNA, disruption of organelles, and membrane leakage. This is the first mechanistic overview that unveils a comprehensive insight into aflatoxin contamination in peanuts, its prevalence, health effects, and management in addition to nanotechnological interventions that serve as a triple defense approach to detoxify aflatoxins. The optimum use of nanofungicides ensures food safety and the development of goals, especially "zero hunger".
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Affiliation(s)
- Tahira Sultana
- Department
of Botany, PMAS, Arid Agriculture University
Rawalpindi, Rawalpindi 46000, Pakistan
| | - Khafsa Malik
- Department
of Botany, PMAS, Arid Agriculture University
Rawalpindi, Rawalpindi 46000, Pakistan
| | - Naveed Iqbal Raja
- Department
of Botany, PMAS, Arid Agriculture University
Rawalpindi, Rawalpindi 46000, Pakistan
| | - Zia-Ur-Rehman Mashwani
- Department
of Botany, PMAS, Arid Agriculture University
Rawalpindi, Rawalpindi 46000, Pakistan
| | - Asma Hameed
- Department
of Botany, PMAS, Arid Agriculture University
Rawalpindi, Rawalpindi 46000, Pakistan
| | - Riaz Ullah
- Medicinal
Aromatic and Poisonous Plants Research Center College of Pharmacy King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ali S. Alqahtani
- Medicinal
Aromatic and Poisonous Plants Research Center College of Pharmacy King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sohail
- College
of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Yangzhou
University, Yangzhou 225009, Jiangsu, China
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6
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Fu Y, Wang Q, Guo Y, Koci M, Lu Z, Zeng X, Wang Y, Tang Y, Ma Q, Ji C, Zhao L. Pleurotus eryngii polysaccharides alleviate aflatoxin B 1-induced liver inflammation in ducks involving in remodeling gut microbiota and regulating SCFAs transport via the gut-liver axis. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 271:132371. [PMID: 38750861 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.132371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2024] [Revised: 05/09/2024] [Accepted: 05/12/2024] [Indexed: 05/30/2024]
Abstract
Aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) is one of the most widespread contaminants in agricultural commodities. Pleurotus eryngii (PE) is widely used as a feed additive for its anti-inflammatory properties, and its major active substance is believed to be polysaccharides. This study aims to explore the underlying mechanism of dietary PE polysaccharides alleviating AFB1-induced toxicity in ducks. The major monosaccharide components of PE polysaccharides were identified as glucose, mannose, galactose, glucuronic acid, and fucose. The results showed that dietary PE polysaccharides could alleviate liver inflammation, alleviate intestinal barrier dysfunction, and change the imbalanced gut microbiota induced by AFB1 in ducks. However, PE polysaccharides failed to exert protective roles on the liver and intestine injury induced by AFB1 in antibiotic-treated ducks. The PE + AFB1-originated microbiota showed a positive effect on intestinal barrier and inflammation, the SCFAs transport via the gut-liver axis, and liver inflammation compared with the AFB1-originated microbiota in ducks. These findings provided a possible mechanism that PE polysaccharides alleviated AFB1-induced liver inflammation in ducks by remodeling gut microbiota, regulating microbiota-derived SCFAs transport via the gut-liver axis, and inhibiting inflammatory gene expressions in the liver, which may provide new insight for therapeutic methods against AFB1 exposure in animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yutong Fu
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feeding, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, No. 2. West Road Yuanming yuan, Beijing 100193, PR China
| | - Qianqian Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feeding, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, No. 2. West Road Yuanming yuan, Beijing 100193, PR China
| | - Yongpeng Guo
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450046, PR China
| | - Matthew Koci
- Prestage Department of Poultry Science, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695, USA
| | - Zhengda Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feeding, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, No. 2. West Road Yuanming yuan, Beijing 100193, PR China
| | - Xiangfang Zeng
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feeding, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, No. 2. West Road Yuanming yuan, Beijing 100193, PR China
| | - Yanan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feeding, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, No. 2. West Road Yuanming yuan, Beijing 100193, PR China
| | - Yu Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feeding, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, No. 2. West Road Yuanming yuan, Beijing 100193, PR China
| | - Qiugang Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feeding, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, No. 2. West Road Yuanming yuan, Beijing 100193, PR China
| | - Cheng Ji
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feeding, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, No. 2. West Road Yuanming yuan, Beijing 100193, PR China
| | - Lihong Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feeding, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, No. 2. West Road Yuanming yuan, Beijing 100193, PR China.
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7
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Wang Y, Su B, Yan X, Geng C, Lian T, Li X, Xu Y, Li Y. Studies of Mycotoxins in Medicinal Plants Conducted Worldwide over the Last Decade: A Systematic Review, Meta-Analysis, and Exposure Risk Assessment. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2024; 128:155367. [PMID: 38493720 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2024.155367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2024] [Accepted: 01/15/2024] [Indexed: 03/19/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mycotoxins have been reported to be present in medicinal plants. With the growing usage of medicinal plants, contamination of mycotoxins has emerged as one of the biggest threats to global food hygiene and ecological environment, posing a severe threat to human health. PURPOSE This study aimed to determine the mycotoxin prevalence and levels in medicinal plants and conduct a risk assessment by conducting a systematic review and meta-analysis. METHODS A thorough search on Web of Science and PubMed was conducted for the last decade, resulting in 54 studies (meeting the inclusion criteria) with 2829 data items that were included in the meta-analysis. RESULTS The combined prevalence of mycotoxins in medicinal plants was 1.7% (95% confidence interval, CI = 1.1% - 2.4%), with a mean mycotoxin concentration in medicinal plants of 3.551 µg/kg (95% CI = 3.461 - 3.641 µg/kg). Risk assessment results indicated that aflatoxins and ochratoxin A found in several medicinal plants posed a health risk to humans; additionally, emerging enniatins exhibited possible health risks. CONCLUSION Therefore, the study underlines the need for establishing stringent control measures to reduce the severity of mycotoxin contamination in medicinal plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Component-based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, 301617, China
| | - Buda Su
- State Key Laboratory of Component-based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, 301617, China
| | - Xingxu Yan
- State Key Laboratory of Component-based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, 301617, China
| | - Chenlei Geng
- State Key Laboratory of Component-based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, 301617, China
| | - Tingting Lian
- State Key Laboratory of Component-based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, 301617, China
| | - Xiaomeng Li
- State Key Laboratory of Component-based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, 301617, China
| | - Yanyan Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Component-based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, 301617, China.
| | - Yubo Li
- State Key Laboratory of Component-based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, 301617, China.
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Al-Saadi HA, Al-Sadi AM, Al-Wahaibi A, Al-Raeesi A, Al-Kindi M, Soundra Pandian SB, Al-Harrasi MMA, Al-Mahmooli IH, Velazhahan R. Rice Weevil ( Sitophilus oryzae L.) Gut Bacteria Inhibit Growth of Aspergillus flavus and Degrade Aflatoxin B1. J Fungi (Basel) 2024; 10:377. [PMID: 38921363 PMCID: PMC11205148 DOI: 10.3390/jof10060377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2024] [Revised: 05/19/2024] [Accepted: 05/20/2024] [Indexed: 06/27/2024] Open
Abstract
In this study, bacteria residing in the gut of the rice weevils (Sitophilus oryzae L.) (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) feeding on aflatoxin-contaminated corn kernels were isolated and evaluated for their ability to suppress Aspergillus flavus and to remove/degrade aflatoxin B1 (AFB1). Four morphologically distinct S. oryzae gut-associated bacterial isolates were isolated and identified as Bacillus subtilis (RWGB1), Bacillus oceanisediminis (RWGB2), Bacillus firmus (RWGB3), and Pseudomonas aeruginosa (RWGB4) based on 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis. These bacterial isolates inhibited A. flavus growth in the dual culture assay and induced morphological deformities in the fungal hyphae, as confirmed by scanning electron microscopy. All four bacterial isolates were capable of removing AFB1 from the nutrient broth medium. In addition, culture supernatants of these bacterial isolates degraded AFB1, and the degradation of toxin molecules was confirmed by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry. The bacterial isolates, B. subtilis RWGB1, B. oceanisediminis RWGB2, and P. aeruginosa RWGB4, were capable of producing antifungal volatile organic compounds that inhibited A. flavus growth. These results suggest that the bacterial isolates from S. oryzae gut have the potential to bind and/or degrade AFB1. Further research on their application in the food and feed industries could enhance the safety of food and feed production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haneen Abdullah Al-Saadi
- Department of Plant Sciences, College of Agricultural and Marine Sciences, Sultan Qaboos University, Al-Khoud, Muscat 123, Oman; (H.A.A.-S.); (A.M.A.-S.); (A.A.-W.); (A.A.-R.); (M.M.A.A.-H.); (I.H.A.-M.)
| | - Abdullah Mohammed Al-Sadi
- Department of Plant Sciences, College of Agricultural and Marine Sciences, Sultan Qaboos University, Al-Khoud, Muscat 123, Oman; (H.A.A.-S.); (A.M.A.-S.); (A.A.-W.); (A.A.-R.); (M.M.A.A.-H.); (I.H.A.-M.)
| | - Ali Al-Wahaibi
- Department of Plant Sciences, College of Agricultural and Marine Sciences, Sultan Qaboos University, Al-Khoud, Muscat 123, Oman; (H.A.A.-S.); (A.M.A.-S.); (A.A.-W.); (A.A.-R.); (M.M.A.A.-H.); (I.H.A.-M.)
| | - Ali Al-Raeesi
- Department of Plant Sciences, College of Agricultural and Marine Sciences, Sultan Qaboos University, Al-Khoud, Muscat 123, Oman; (H.A.A.-S.); (A.M.A.-S.); (A.A.-W.); (A.A.-R.); (M.M.A.A.-H.); (I.H.A.-M.)
| | - Mohamed Al-Kindi
- College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Sultan Qaboos University, Al-Khoud, Muscat 123, Oman;
| | | | - Majida Mohammed Ali Al-Harrasi
- Department of Plant Sciences, College of Agricultural and Marine Sciences, Sultan Qaboos University, Al-Khoud, Muscat 123, Oman; (H.A.A.-S.); (A.M.A.-S.); (A.A.-W.); (A.A.-R.); (M.M.A.A.-H.); (I.H.A.-M.)
| | - Issa Hashil Al-Mahmooli
- Department of Plant Sciences, College of Agricultural and Marine Sciences, Sultan Qaboos University, Al-Khoud, Muscat 123, Oman; (H.A.A.-S.); (A.M.A.-S.); (A.A.-W.); (A.A.-R.); (M.M.A.A.-H.); (I.H.A.-M.)
| | - Rethinasamy Velazhahan
- Department of Plant Sciences, College of Agricultural and Marine Sciences, Sultan Qaboos University, Al-Khoud, Muscat 123, Oman; (H.A.A.-S.); (A.M.A.-S.); (A.A.-W.); (A.A.-R.); (M.M.A.A.-H.); (I.H.A.-M.)
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9
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Yun J, Kim TW, Cho CW, Lee JE. Antifungal mechanisms investigation of lactic acid bacteria against Aspergillus flavus: through combining microbial metabolomics and co-culture system. J Appl Microbiol 2024; 135:lxae112. [PMID: 38794887 DOI: 10.1093/jambio/lxae112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2024] [Revised: 03/21/2024] [Accepted: 05/23/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024]
Abstract
AIMS To develop antifungal lactic acid bacteria (LAB) and investigate their antifungal mechanisms against Aspergillus flavus in aflatoxin (AF) production. METHODS AND RESULTS We isolated 179 LABs from cereal-based fermentation starters and investigated their antifungal mechanism against A. flavus through liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry and co-culture analysis techniques. Of the 179 isolates, antifungal activity was identified in Pediococcus pentosaceus, Lactobacillus crustorum, and Weissella paramesenteroides. These LABs reduced AF concentration by (i) inhibiting mycelial growth, (ii) binding AF to the cell wall, and (iii) producing antifungal compounds. Species-specific activities were also observed, with P. pentosaceus inhibiting AF production and W. paramesenteroides showing AF B1 binding activity. In addition, crucial extracellular metabolites for selecting antifungal LAB were involved in the 2',3'-cAMP-adenosine and nucleoside pathways. CONCLUSIONS This study demonstrates that P. pentosaceus, L. crustorum, and W. paramesenteroides are key LAB strains with distinct antifungal mechanisms against A. flavus, suggesting their potential as biological agents to reduce AF in food materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeonghyun Yun
- Traditional Food Research Group, Food Convergence Research Division, Korea Food Research Institute, Wanju-gun, Jeonbuk-do 55365, Republic of Korea
| | - Tae Wan Kim
- Traditional Food Research Group, Food Convergence Research Division, Korea Food Research Institute, Wanju-gun, Jeonbuk-do 55365, Republic of Korea
| | - Chang-Won Cho
- Traditional Food Research Group, Food Convergence Research Division, Korea Food Research Institute, Wanju-gun, Jeonbuk-do 55365, Republic of Korea
| | - Jang-Eun Lee
- Traditional Food Research Group, Food Convergence Research Division, Korea Food Research Institute, Wanju-gun, Jeonbuk-do 55365, Republic of Korea
- Department of Food Biotechnology, University of Science and Technology, Daejeon 34113, Republic of Korea
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10
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Nisar N, Ajmal M, Hanif NQ, Hassan SW. Phytochemicals analysis and aflatoxin B 1 detoxification potential of leaves extract of Moringa oleifera and Calotropis procera. Nat Prod Res 2024:1-9. [PMID: 38625875 DOI: 10.1080/14786419.2024.2342003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2023] [Accepted: 04/03/2024] [Indexed: 04/18/2024]
Abstract
The present study aimed to identify the presence of certain classes of phytochemicals in the leaf extract of medicinal herbs viz. Moringa oleifera and Calotropis procera, using qualitative detection tests and explored the potential of aqueous and ethanolic extract to inhibit aflatoxin production by thin layer chromatography at 25 °C and pH (7) of different incubation times i.e. 0-, 1-, 3-, 6- and 24-h. Qualitative phytochemical analysis reported that the aqueous leave extracts of M. oleifera and C. procera contained tannins, phlobatannins, quinones, steroids, sugar, betacyanins, fatty acids, phenols, and volatile oils. Aflatoxin analysis reported that the ethanolic extract of M. oleifera was found more effective than detoxifying 100% of AFB1 after 24 h of incubation. In the case of C. procera, the aqueous extract reduced 96.5% of AFB1 and ethanolic extract reduced 96% of AFB1 after 24-h of incubation. The results revealed that natural plant products have a high potential to reduce AFB1 and could contribute to mitigation plans for AFB1. There is a need for further characterisation using techniques such as GC-MS, LC-MS, or NMR which would provide valuable information on the chemical composition of the extracts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nehrish Nisar
- Center of Integrative Conservation Macroevolution Group, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, UCAS, Mengla, China
| | - Maryam Ajmal
- Faculty of Sciences, Department of Botany, Pir Mehr Ali Shah Arid Agriculture University, Rawalpindi, Pakistan
| | - Nafeesa Qudsia Hanif
- University Institute of Biochemistry and Biotechnology (UIBB), Pir Mehr Ali Shah Arid Agriculture University, Rawalpindi, Pakistan
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11
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Li L, Mei M, Wang J, Huang J, Zong X, Wang X. Expression and application of aflatoxin degrading enzyme gene in Pichia pastoris. Biotechnol J 2024; 19:e2300167. [PMID: 37824099 DOI: 10.1002/biot.202300167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2023] [Revised: 08/02/2023] [Accepted: 09/22/2023] [Indexed: 10/13/2023]
Abstract
In this study, three aflatoxin degrading enzyme genes, tv-adtz, arm-adtz and cu-adtz, were heterologously expressed in Pichia pastoris. The protein expression of the enzyme solution was detected by sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, and the results showed that specific protein bands were detected and the target genes were successfully integrated into Pichia pastoris. The enzyme activities and detoxification efficiency of TV-ADTZ, Arm-ADTZ and Cu-ADTZ crude enzyme solutions were detected, and the highest enzyme activities were up to 3.57, 4.30, and 2.41 U mL-1 , and the highest degradation rates were up to 45.58%, 60.0% and 34.21%, respectively. Arm-ADTZ with the best degradation effect was selected and designed for detoxification application experiments to test its detoxification efficiency of AFB1 in aqueous phase and in the process of moldy ground corn and preparation of DDGS, respectively, and the degradation rates reached 78.94%, 56.48%, and 24.31% after 24 h of reaction, respectively. Thus, it can be seen that the aflatoxin-degrading enzyme gene was successfully integrated into Pichia pastoris and secreted for expression, and the expressed product could effectively degrade AFB1 .
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Li
- College of Bioengineering, Sichuan University of Science and Engineering, Yibin, Sichuan, China
| | - Mengning Mei
- College of Bioengineering, Sichuan University of Science and Engineering, Yibin, Sichuan, China
- Guangdong Vtr Bio-Tech Co., Ltd., Zhuhai, Guangdong, China
| | - Jun Wang
- Guangdong Vtr Bio-Tech Co., Ltd., Zhuhai, Guangdong, China
| | - Jiang Huang
- Guangdong Vtr Bio-Tech Co., Ltd., Zhuhai, Guangdong, China
| | - Xuyan Zong
- College of Bioengineering, Sichuan University of Science and Engineering, Yibin, Sichuan, China
| | - Xiangyu Wang
- Guangdong Vtr Bio-Tech Co., Ltd., Zhuhai, Guangdong, China
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12
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Fakhri Y, Omar SS, Mehri F, Hoseinvandtabar S, Mahmudiono T. Global systematic review and meta-analysis on prevalence and concentration of aflatoxins in peanuts oil and probabilistic risk assessment. REVIEWS ON ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH 2023; 38:697-712. [PMID: 36040365 DOI: 10.1515/reveh-2022-0075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2022] [Accepted: 08/09/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Exposure to mycotoxins in food is largely unavoidable, and concerns about their health effects are growing. Consumption of vegetable oils such as peanuts oil has increased, hence several studies have been conducted on concentration of aflatoxins (AFs) in peanuts oil. Search was performed in Scopus and PubMed databases on prevalence and concentration of AFs in peanuts oil from 1 January 2005 to 15 April 29, 2022. Prevalence and concentration of AFs in peanuts oil was meta-analyzed based on country and type of AFs subgroups. In addition, health risk was calculated using monte carlo simulation method. Pooled prevalence of AFB1 in peanuts oil was 47.9%; AFB2, 46.45%; AFG1, 46.92% and AFG2, 54.01%. The Overall prevalence of AFTs was 49.30%, 95%CI (35.80-62.84%). Pooled concentration of AFB1 in peanuts oil was 2.30 μg/kg; AFB2, 0.77 μg/kg; AFG1, 0.07 μg/kg; AFG1, 0.28 μg/kg. The sort of country based on mean of MOEs in the adults consumers was Japan (47,059) > China (17,670) > Ethiopia (7,398) > Sudan (6,974) > USA (1,012) and sort of country based on mean of MOEs in the children was Japan (120,994) > China (46,991) > Ethiopia (19,251) > Sudan (18,200) > USA (2,620). Therefore, adults consumers were in considerable health risk in Ethiopia, Sudan and USA and for children in USA (MOE < 10,000).
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Affiliation(s)
- Yadolah Fakhri
- Food Health Research Center, Hormozgan University of Medical Sciences, Bandar Abbas, Iran
| | - Sharaf S Omar
- Department of Nutrition and Food Processing, Faculty of Agricultural Technology, AL-Balqa Applied University, Amman, Jordan
| | - Fereshteh Mehri
- Nutrition Health Research Center, Health Sciences & Technology Research Institute, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| | - Somayeh Hoseinvandtabar
- Student Research committee, School of Public Health, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Trias Mahmudiono
- Department of Nutrition, Faculty of Public Health, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, Indonesia
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13
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Li J, Deng J, Bai X, da Graca Nseledge Monteiro D, Jiang H. Quantitative analysis of aflatoxin B 1 of peanut by optimized support vector machine models based on near-infrared spectral features. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2023; 303:123208. [PMID: 37527563 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2023.123208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2023] [Revised: 07/07/2023] [Accepted: 07/25/2023] [Indexed: 08/03/2023]
Abstract
This study designs a chemometric framework for quantitatively evaluating aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) in peanuts based on near-infrared (NIR) spectroscopy technique. The NIR spectra of peanut samples exhibiting diverse fungal contamination levels were acquired using a portable NIR spectrometer. Subsequently, appropriate pre-processing techniques were employed for data refinement. To streamline the analysis, the iterative variable subset optimization (IVSO) technique was employed to conduct an initial screening of the pre-processed NIR spectra, eliminating numerous irrelevant variables. Building upon this screening process, the beluga whale optimization (BWO) algorithm was utilized to optimize the selected feature variables further. Subsequently, support vector machine (SVM) models were developed using the refined near-infrared spectral features to test AFB1 in peanuts quantitatively. The results indicate that the SVM model significantly improves detection performance and generalization proficiency, particularly after secondary optimization using BWO-IVSO. Among the different models considered, the SVM model established after BWO-IVSO optimization exhibited the most extraordinary level of generalization, with a root mean square error of prediction of 24.6322 μg∙kg-1, a correlation coefficient of 0.9761, and a relative percent deviation of 4.6999. Overall, this investigation highlights the effectiveness of the proposed NIR spectroscopy model based on BWO-IVSO-SVM for quantitatively analyzing AFB1 in peanuts. The study contributes valuable technical and methodological insights that can serve as a reference for rapidly determining mycotoxins in cereal crops.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Li
- School of Electrical and Information Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, PR China
| | - Jihong Deng
- School of Electrical and Information Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, PR China
| | - Xue Bai
- School of Electrical and Information Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, PR China
| | | | - Hui Jiang
- School of Electrical and Information Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, PR China.
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14
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Vázquez-Durán A, de Jesús Nava-Ramírez M, Martínez-Escutia R, de Dios Figueroa-Cárdenas J, López-Coello C, Téllez-Isaías G, Méndez-Albores A. Highly efficient adsorptive removal of the carcinogen aflatoxin B 1 using the parasitic plant Cuscuta corymbosa Ruiz & Pavon. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2023:10.1007/s11356-023-30992-w. [PMID: 37999844 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-023-30992-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2023] [Accepted: 11/06/2023] [Indexed: 11/25/2023]
Abstract
The ever-growing consumption of herbs around the globe has motivated the researchers to acquire practical knowledge about other potential applications in human and animal health. In this research, an unmodified adsorbent prepared from the holoparasitic herb C. corymbosa was utilized for the removal of the carcinogen aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) from aqueous solutions. The adsorbent was characterized by Fourier transform near-infrared/mid-infrared spectrophotometry (FT-NIR/MIR), environmental scanning electron microscopy (ESEM), energy-dispersive X-ray fluorescence spectroscopy (EDX), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and point of zero charge (pHpzc). Adsorption experiments were carried out in batch systems, and the experimental data was used for isothermal (Langmuir and Freundlich) and kinetic (linear and non-linear forms of the pseudo-first and pseudo-second order) models. In general, the unmodified adsorbent removed AFB1 independent of the solution pH, showing a theoretical adsorption capacity of 555.76 mg AFB1/g at 303 K, significantly higher than that reported for other plant-based adsorbents and comparable with the efficiency of various inorganic adsorbents. Non-electrostatic attractions such as hydrogen bonding and dispersion forces along with complexation mechanisms were the primary interactions responsible for the adsorption of the pollutant. Our results clearly show that C. corymbosa could be a promising material for practical adsorption applications in the drinking water industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alma Vázquez-Durán
- Unidad de Investigación Multidisciplinaria (UIM) L14 (Alimentos, Micotoxinas, y Micotoxicosis), Facultad de Estudios Superiores Cuautitlán (FES-C), Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Cuautitlán Izcalli, State of Mexico, 54714, Mexico
| | - María de Jesús Nava-Ramírez
- Unidad de Investigación Multidisciplinaria (UIM) L14 (Alimentos, Micotoxinas, y Micotoxicosis), Facultad de Estudios Superiores Cuautitlán (FES-C), Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Cuautitlán Izcalli, State of Mexico, 54714, Mexico
| | - Rubén Martínez-Escutia
- Unidad de Investigación Multidisciplinaria (UIM) L14 (Alimentos, Micotoxinas, y Micotoxicosis), Facultad de Estudios Superiores Cuautitlán (FES-C), Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Cuautitlán Izcalli, State of Mexico, 54714, Mexico
| | - Juan de Dios Figueroa-Cárdenas
- CINVESTAV-Unidad Querétaro, Libramiento Norponiente No. 2000, Fraccionamiento Real de Juriquilla, 76230, Querétaro, Mexico
| | - Carlos López-Coello
- Departamento de Medicina y Zootecnia de Aves, Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, 04510, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Guillermo Téllez-Isaías
- Division of Agriculture, Department of Poultry Science, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR, 72701, USA
| | - Abraham Méndez-Albores
- Unidad de Investigación Multidisciplinaria (UIM) L14 (Alimentos, Micotoxinas, y Micotoxicosis), Facultad de Estudios Superiores Cuautitlán (FES-C), Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Cuautitlán Izcalli, State of Mexico, 54714, Mexico.
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15
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Ghaffarian‐Bahraman A, Mohammadi S, Dini A. Occurrence and risk characterization of aflatoxin M 1 in milk samples from southeastern Iran using the margin of exposure approach. Food Sci Nutr 2023; 11:7100-7108. [PMID: 37970428 PMCID: PMC10630833 DOI: 10.1002/fsn3.3634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2023] [Revised: 07/23/2023] [Accepted: 08/01/2023] [Indexed: 11/17/2023] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to investigate Aflatoxin-M1 (AFM1) contamination in pasteurized and raw milk samples consumed in Kerman and Rafsanjan in southeastern Iran. In this cross-sectional study, a total of 100 samples of raw (n = 67) and pasteurized (n = 33) milk were randomly collected from retail stores, supermarkets, and milk transport tankers in the winter of 2020 and the summer of 2021. The level of AFM1 contamination in the collected samples was evaluated by high-performance liquid chromatography with fluorescence detection (HPLC-FD). AFM1 was detected in 95% of samples and its median concentration was 17.38 ng/L. The median concentration of AFM1 in the pasteurized milk samples (24.89 ng/L) was significantly higher than in the raw milk samples (13.54 ng/L). The AFM1 contamination level in 20% (raw = 13% and pasteurized = 7%) of the samples was higher than the maximum permitted level (MPL) recommended by the European Union (i.e., 50 ng/L), whilst 4% (raw = 3% and pasteurized = 1%) of the samples was higher than the Iranian maximum standard limit (i.e., 100 ng/L). The hazard index (HI) was higher than 1 in 16%, 18%, and 35% of total milk samples for men, women, and children, respectively. The AFM1 contamination level in the milk samples collected in southeastern Iran was worrying. The margin of exposure (MoE) values were lower than 10,000 for children. Because aflatoxins are among the most potent carcinogens known, prevention of milk contamination in all stages from the farm to the table can considerably reduce the community's exposure to AFM1 and its consequent health risks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Ghaffarian‐Bahraman
- Occupational Environment Research CenterRafsanjan University of Medical SciencesRafsanjanIran
| | - Salman Mohammadi
- Department of Nutrition, School of Health and NutritionLorestan University of Medical SciencesKhorramabadIran
| | - Ali Dini
- Pistachio Safety Research CenterRafsanjan University of Medical SciencesRafsanjanIran
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Wei H, Mao J, Sun D, Zhang Q, Cheng L, Yang X, Li P. Strategies to control mycotoxins and toxigenic fungi contamination by nano-semiconductor in food and agro-food: a review. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2023; 63:12488-12512. [PMID: 35880423 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2022.2102579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Mycotoxins are toxic secondary metabolites generated from toxigenic fungi in the contaminated food and agro-food, which have been regarded as a serious threat to the food safety and human health. Therefore, the control of mycotoxins and toxigenic fungi contamination is of great significance and has attracted the increasing attention of researchers. As we know, nano-semiconductors have many unique properties such as large surface area, structural stability, good biocompatibility, excellent photoelectrical properties, and low cost, which have been developed and applied in many research fields. Recently, nano-semiconductors have also been promisingly applied in mitigating or controlling mycotoxins and toxigenic fungi contaminations in food and agro-food. In this review, the type, occurrence, and toxicity of main mycotoxins in food and agro-food were introduced. Then, a variety of strategies to mitigate the mycotoxin contamination based on nano-semiconductors involving mycotoxins detection, inhibition of toxigenic fungi, and mycotoxins degradation were summarized. Finally, the outlook, opportunities, and challenges have prospected in the future for the mitigation of mycotoxins and toxigenic fungi based on nano-semiconductors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hailian Wei
- Oil Crops Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Jin Mao
- Oil Crops Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan, China
- National Reference Laboratory for Agricultural Testing P.R. China, Key Laboratory of Detection for Mycotoxins, Laboratory of Quality & Safety Risk Assessment for Oilseed Products (Wuhan), Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Oil Crops, Ministry of Agriculture, Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Wuhan, China
| | - Di Sun
- Oil Crops Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Qi Zhang
- Oil Crops Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan, China
- National Reference Laboratory for Agricultural Testing P.R. China, Key Laboratory of Detection for Mycotoxins, Laboratory of Quality & Safety Risk Assessment for Oilseed Products (Wuhan), Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Oil Crops, Ministry of Agriculture, Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Wuhan, China
| | - Ling Cheng
- Oil Crops Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan, China
- National Reference Laboratory for Agricultural Testing P.R. China, Key Laboratory of Detection for Mycotoxins, Laboratory of Quality & Safety Risk Assessment for Oilseed Products (Wuhan), Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Oil Crops, Ministry of Agriculture, Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Wuhan, China
| | - Xianglong Yang
- Oil Crops Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan, China
- National Reference Laboratory for Agricultural Testing P.R. China, Key Laboratory of Detection for Mycotoxins, Laboratory of Quality & Safety Risk Assessment for Oilseed Products (Wuhan), Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Oil Crops, Ministry of Agriculture, Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Wuhan, China
| | - Peiwu Li
- Oil Crops Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan, China
- National Reference Laboratory for Agricultural Testing P.R. China, Key Laboratory of Detection for Mycotoxins, Laboratory of Quality & Safety Risk Assessment for Oilseed Products (Wuhan), Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Oil Crops, Ministry of Agriculture, Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Wuhan, China
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17
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Nasef MA, Yousef MI, Ghareeb DA, Augustyniak M, Aboul-Soud MAM, El Wakil A. Hepatoprotective effects of a chemically-characterized extract from artichoke ( Cynara scolymus L.) against AFB 1-induced toxicity in rats. Drug Chem Toxicol 2023; 46:1070-1082. [PMID: 36196508 DOI: 10.1080/01480545.2022.2129672] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2022] [Revised: 09/14/2022] [Accepted: 09/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
This study was conducted to investigate the protective potential of a pharmaceutically formulated capsule of artichoke leaf powder (ArLP) against aflatoxin B1 (AFB1)-induced hepatotoxicity in male albino rats. In the 42-day experiment, rats were divided into five equal groups: (i) control, treated with sterile water, (ii) treated with 4% DMSO as AFB1 vehicle, (iii) ArLP of 100 mg kg-1 bw, (iv) AFB1 of 72 µg kg-1 bw, and (v) AFB1 plus ArLP. Exposure of rats to AFB1 resulted in hepatotoxicity as manifested by the intensification of oxidative stress, production of free radicals and significant increase in the activity levels of liver function enzymes relative to the control. Significant reductions in both the enzymatic and non-enzymatic antioxidant markers as well as histopathological abnormalities in liver tissues were also observed. Notably, the combined administration of ArLP with AFB1 clearly reduced AFB1-mediated adverse effects leading to the normalization of most of these parameters back to control levels. These findings clearly highlight the potential benefits of artichoke dietary supplements as a safe and natural solution in counteracting the adverse hepatotoxic effects conferred by AFB1 exposure. Further research is warranted to fully dissect the biochemical and molecular mechanism of action of the observed artichoke-mediated hepatoprotection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mostafa A Nasef
- Department of Environmental Studies, Institute of Graduate Studies and Research, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Mokhtar I Yousef
- Department of Environmental Studies, Institute of Graduate Studies and Research, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Doaa A Ghareeb
- Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Bioscreening and Preclinical Trial Lab, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
- Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
- Pharmaceutical and Fermentation Industries Development Centre, The City of Scientific Research and Technological Applications, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Maria Augustyniak
- Institute of Biology, Biotechnology and Environmental Protection, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Silesia in Katowice, Katowice, Poland
| | - Mourad A M Aboul-Soud
- Chair of Medical and Molecular Genetics Research, Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abeer El Wakil
- Department of Biological and Geological Sciences, Faculty of Education, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
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18
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Tang X, Cai YF, Yu XM, Zhou WW. Detoxification of aflatoxin B1 by Bacillus aryabhattai through conversion of double bond in terminal furan. J Appl Microbiol 2023; 134:lxad192. [PMID: 37634085 DOI: 10.1093/jambio/lxad192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2023] [Revised: 07/07/2023] [Accepted: 08/24/2023] [Indexed: 08/28/2023]
Abstract
AIMS This study aimed to screen a bacterial strain with high detoxifying capability for aflatoxin B1 (AFB1), verify its biotransformation efficiency, and detoxification process. METHODS AND RESULTS A total of 350 samples collected from different environmental niche were screened using coumarin as the sole carbon source. High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) was used to detect residues of AFB1, and 16S rRNA sequencing was performed on the isolated strain with the highest AFB1 removal ratio for identification. The detoxified products of this strain were tested for toxicity in Escherichia coli as well as LO2, Caco-2, and HaCaT human cell lines. HPLC-MS was applied to further confirm the AFB1 removal and detoxification process. CONCLUSIONS We identified a strain from plant leaf designated as DT with high AFB1-detoxifying ability that is highly homologous to Bacillus aryabhattai. The optimum detoxification conditions of this strain were 37°C and pH 8.0, resulting in 82.92% removal ratio of 2 μg mL-1 AFB1 in 72 h. The detoxified products were nontoxic for E. coli and significantly less toxic for the LO2, Caco-2, and HaCaT human cell lines. HPLC-MS analysis also confirmed the significant drop of the AFB1 characteristic peak. Two possible metabolic products, C19H15O8 (m/z 371) and C19H19O8 (m/z 375), were observed by mass spectrometry. Potential biotransformation pathway was based on the cleavage of double bond in the terminal furan of AFB1. These generated components had different chemical structures with AFB1, manifesting that the attenuation of AFB1 toxicity would be attributed to the destruction of lactone structure of AFB1 during the conversion process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xi Tang
- College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Zhejiang Key Laboratory for Agro-Food Processing, National-Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Intelligent Food Technology and Equipment, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yi-Fan Cai
- College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Zhejiang Key Laboratory for Agro-Food Processing, National-Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Intelligent Food Technology and Equipment, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xiao-Mei Yu
- College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Zhejiang Key Laboratory for Agro-Food Processing, National-Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Intelligent Food Technology and Equipment, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, Zhejiang, China
| | - Wen-Wen Zhou
- College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Zhejiang Key Laboratory for Agro-Food Processing, National-Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Intelligent Food Technology and Equipment, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, Zhejiang, China
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19
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Peng Z, Zhang Y, Ai Z, Pandiselvam R, Guo J, Kothakota A, Liu Y. Current physical techniques for the degradation of aflatoxins in food and feed: Safety evaluation methods, degradation mechanisms and products. Compr Rev Food Sci Food Saf 2023; 22:4030-4052. [PMID: 37306549 DOI: 10.1111/1541-4337.13197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2022] [Revised: 05/16/2023] [Accepted: 05/26/2023] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Aflatoxins are the most toxic natural mycotoxins discovered so far, posing a serious menace to the food safety and trading economy of the world, especially developing countries. How to effectively detoxify has persistently occupied a place on the list of "global hot-point" concerns. Among the developed detoxification methods, physical methods, as the authoritative techniques for aflatoxins degradation, could rapidly induce irreversible denaturation of aflatoxins. This review presents a brief overview of aflatoxins detection and degradation product structure identification methods. Four main safety evaluation methods for aflatoxins and degradation product toxicity assessment are highlighted combined with an update on research of aflatoxins decontamination in the last decade. Furthermore, the latest applications, degradation mechanisms and products of physical aflatoxin decontamination techniques including microwave heating, irradiation, pulsed light, cold plasma and ultrasound are discussed in detail. Regulatory issues related to "detoxification" are also explained. Finally, we put forward the challenges and future work in studying aflatoxin degradation based on the existing research. The purpose of supplying this information is to help researchers have a deeper understanding on the degradation of aflatoxins, break through the existing bottleneck, and further improve and innovate the detoxification methods of aflatoxins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zekang Peng
- College of Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Yue Zhang
- College of Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Ziping Ai
- College of Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Ravi Pandiselvam
- Division of Physiology, Biochemistry and Post-Harvest Technology, ICAR-Central Plantation Crops Research Institute, Kasaragod, Kerala, India
| | - Jiale Guo
- College of Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Anjineyulu Kothakota
- Agro-Processing & Technology Division, CSIR-National Institute for Interdisciplinary Science and Technology (NIIST), Trivandrum, Kerala, India
| | - Yanhong Liu
- College of Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
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Achiro E, Okidi L, Echodu R, Alarakol SP, Anena J, Ongeng D. Prevalence of aflatoxin along processing points of locally made complementary food formulae in northern Uganda: Safety and children's exposure across seasons. Heliyon 2023; 9:e18564. [PMID: 37560682 PMCID: PMC10407127 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e18564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2022] [Revised: 07/18/2023] [Accepted: 07/20/2023] [Indexed: 08/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Aflatoxin contamination along the processing points of locally made complementary food composite needs to be ascertained and minimized to reduce exposure to weaning children. The study established the concentrations of total aflatoxin (TAF) and aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) along the processing points of locally made malted millet sesame soybean composite (MMSSC) across season one (wet) and season two (dry) and determined children's exposure to them. A total of 363 samples were collected in 2019. TAF and AFB1 concentrations were determined quantitatively using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Consequently, exposure of individual children was assessed as Estimated Daily Intake (EDI), (ng kg-1 bw day-1). All the samples along the processing points had detectable concentrations of TAF and AFB1 ranging from 0.578 μg kg-1 to 1.187 μg kg-1 and 0.221 μg kg-1 to 0.649 μg kg-1 respectively. Contamination was highest in raw materials; soybean (Glycine max) > sesame (Sesamum indicum), followed by stored composite, freshly prepared composite, and least in millet (Eleusine coracana). Contamination varied significantly across seasons with the wet season having higher contamination than the dry season at P = 0.05. All samples (100%) were within the European Commission (EC) acceptable maximum tolerable level for TAF and AFB1 (4 μg kg-1 and 2 μg kg-1) respectively for processed foods for general consumption. But were below the EU acceptable maximum tolerable level for TAF and AFB1 (0.4 μg kg-1 and 0.1 μg kg-1) respectively for processed baby foods cereals. However, all were within the United States- Food and Drug Authority (US-FDA) and East African Community (EAC) set maximum acceptable limit of 20 μg kg-1 for TAFs, 10 μg kg-1 and 5 μg kg-1 for TAF and AFB1 respectively. Conversely, exposure to these toxins was much higher than the Provisional Maximum Tolerable Dietary Intake (PMTDI) of 0.4 ng kg-1 bw day-1 to 1.0 ng kg-1 bw day-1. A significant difference in exposure to both toxins was observed with the weight. The age of 5 months was the most exposed. A concerted effort is needed to reduce children's exposure to MMSSC to TAF and AFB1, taking sesame and soybean as priority ingredients and proper storage based on season to control contamination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eunice Achiro
- Department of Food Science and Postharvest Technology, Faculty of Agriculture and Environment, Gulu University, P. O. Box 166, Gulu, Uganda
| | - Lawrence Okidi
- Department of Food Science and Postharvest Technology, Faculty of Agriculture and Environment, Gulu University, P. O. Box 166, Gulu, Uganda
| | - Richard Echodu
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, P. O. Box 166 Gulu University, Gulu, Uganda
| | - Simon Peter Alarakol
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Gulu University, P. O. Box 166, Gulu, Uganda
| | - Juliet Anena
- Department of Food Science and Postharvest Technology, Faculty of Agriculture and Environment, Gulu University, P. O. Box 166, Gulu, Uganda
| | - Duncan Ongeng
- Department of Food Science and Postharvest Technology, Faculty of Agriculture and Environment, Gulu University, P. O. Box 166, Gulu, Uganda
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Mukhtar K, Nabi BG, Ansar S, Bhat ZF, Aadil RM, Khaneghah AM. Mycotoxins and consumers' awareness: Recent progress and future challenges. Toxicon 2023:107227. [PMID: 37454753 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxicon.2023.107227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2023] [Revised: 07/13/2023] [Accepted: 07/13/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023]
Abstract
While food shortages have become an important challenge, providing safe food resources is a point of interest on a global scale. Mycotoxins are secondary metabolites that are formed through various fungi species. They are mainly spread through diets such as food or beverages. About one quarter of the world's food is spoiled with mycotoxins. As this problem is not resolved, it represents a significant threat to global food security. Besides the current concerns regarding the contamination of food items by these metabolites, the lack of knowledge by consumers and their possible growth and toxin production attracted considerable attention. While globalization provides a favorite condition for some countries, food security still is challenging for most countries. There are various approaches to reducing the mycotoxigenic fungi growth and formation of mycotoxins in food, include as physical, chemical, and biological processes. The current article will focus on collecting data regarding consumers' awareness of mycotoxins. Furthermore, a critical overview and comparison among different preventative approaches to reduce risk by consumers will be discussed. Finally, the current effect of mycotoxins on global trade, besides future challenges faced by mycotoxin contamination on food security, will be discussed briefly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kinza Mukhtar
- National Institute of Food Science and Technology, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, 38000, Pakistan
| | - Brera Ghulam Nabi
- National Institute of Food Science and Technology, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, 38000, Pakistan
| | - Sadia Ansar
- National Institute of Food Science and Technology, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, 38000, Pakistan
| | | | - Rana Muhammad Aadil
- National Institute of Food Science and Technology, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, 38000, Pakistan.
| | - Amin Mousavi Khaneghah
- Department of Fruit and Vegetable Product Technology, Institute of Agricultural and Food Biotechnology - State Research Institute, Warsaw, Poland; Department of Technology of Chemistry, Azerbaijan State Oil and Industry University, Baku, Azerbaijan.
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22
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Yang F, Zhang L, Zhang Y, Zeng Y, Li Y, Zeng P. Culture-dependent and culture-independent approaches to reveal the aflatoxin B1-producing fungi in Pixian Doubanjiang, a typical condiment in Chinese cuisine. Food Control 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodcont.2023.109711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/09/2023]
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23
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Yang L, Yang L, Cai Y, Luo Y, Wang H, Wang L, Chen J, Liu X, Wu Y, Qin Y, Wu Z, Liu N. Natural mycotoxin contamination in dog food: A review on toxicity and detoxification methods. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2023; 257:114948. [PMID: 37105098 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2023.114948] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2023] [Revised: 04/05/2023] [Accepted: 04/21/2023] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Nowadays, the companion animals (dogs or other pets) are considered as members of the family and have established strong emotional relationships with their owners. Dogs are long lived compared to food animals, so safety, adequacy, and efficacy of dog food is of great importance for their health. Cereals, cereal by-products as well as feedstuffs of plant origin are commonly employed food resources in dry food, yet are potential ingredients for mycotoxins contamination, so dogs are theoretically more vulnerable to exposure when consumed daily. Aflatoxins (AF), deoxynivalenol (DON), fumonisins (FUM), ochratoxin A (OTA), and zearalenone (ZEA) are the most frequent mycotoxins that might present in dog food and cause toxicity on the growth and metabolism of dogs. An understanding of toxicological effects and detoxification methods (physical, chemical, or biological approaches) of mycotoxins will help to improve commercial ped food quality, reduce harm and minimize exposure to dogs. Herein, we outline a description of mycotoxins detected in dog food, toxicity and clinical findings in dogs, as well as methods applied in mycotoxins detoxification. This review aims to provide a reference for future studies involved in the evaluation of the risk, preventative strategies, and clear criteria of mycotoxins for minimizing exposure, reducing harm, and preventing mycotoxicosis in dog.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling Yang
- Department of Food and Bioengineering, Beijing Vocational College of Agriculture, Beijing 102442, China
| | - Lihan Yang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Yuqing Cai
- College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Yifei Luo
- College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Hui Wang
- Department of Food and Bioengineering, Beijing Vocational College of Agriculture, Beijing 102442, China
| | - Li Wang
- Department of Food and Bioengineering, Beijing Vocational College of Agriculture, Beijing 102442, China
| | - Jingqing Chen
- Laboratory Animal Center of the Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Beijing 100071, China
| | - Xiaoming Liu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Shandong Agricultural University, China
| | - Yingjie Wu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Yinghe Qin
- College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Zhenlong Wu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China.
| | - Ning Liu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China.
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24
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Wang SY, Herrera-Balandrano DD, Shi XC, Chen X, Liu FQ, Laborda P. Occurrence of aflatoxins in water and decontamination strategies: A review. WATER RESEARCH 2023; 232:119703. [PMID: 36758357 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2023.119703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2022] [Revised: 01/06/2023] [Accepted: 02/02/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Aflatoxins are highly carcinogenic metabolites produced by some Aspergillus species and are the most prevalent mycotoxins. Although aflatoxins are commonly synthesized during fungal colonization in preharvest maize, cereals, and nuts, they can be transported by rainfall to surface water and are a common toxin found in wastewater from some food industries. Here, the occurrence of aflatoxins in bodies of water is reviewed for the first time, along with the decontamination methods. Aflatoxins have been detected in surface, wastewater and drinking water, including tap and bottled water. The specific sources of water contamination remain unclear, which is an important gap that must be addressed in future research. Two main kinds of decontamination methods have been reported, including degradation and adsorption. The best degradation rates were observed using gamma and UV irradiations, oxidoreductases and ozone, while the best adsorption abilities were observed with minerals, polyvinyl alcohol, durian peel and activated carbon. Synthetic polymers could be used as membranes in pipes to remove aflatoxins in water flows. Although most decontamination methods were screened using AFB1, the other commonly found aflatoxins were not used in the screenings. Overall, the occurrence of aflatoxins in water could be a significant emerging public health concern largely ignored by local and international legislation. Numerous advances have been reported for the decontamination of aflatoxins in water; however, there is still a long way to go to put them into practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Su-Yan Wang
- School of Life Sciences, Nantong University, Nantong 226019, China
| | | | - Xin-Chi Shi
- School of Life Sciences, Nantong University, Nantong 226019, China
| | - Xin Chen
- School of Life Sciences, Nantong University, Nantong 226019, China
| | - Feng-Quan Liu
- Institute of Plant Protection, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Food Quality and Safety-State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base of Ministry of Science and Technology, Nanjing 210014, China.
| | - Pedro Laborda
- School of Life Sciences, Nantong University, Nantong 226019, China.
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Zaki MSA, Abadi AM, El-Kott AF, Mohamed G, Alrashdi BM, Eid RA, Salem ET. Protective efficacy of luteolin against aflatoxinB1-induced toxicity, oxidative damage, and apoptosis in the rat liver. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2023; 30:52358-52368. [PMID: 36840879 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-023-26085-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2022] [Accepted: 02/19/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
One particularly harmful mycotoxin, aflatoxin B1 (AFB1), usually triggers liver toxicity and oxidative stress in both humans and other mammals. Luteolin (LUTN), a popular active phytochemical molecule, exhibits a strong antioxidant potential. The purpose of this investigation was to explore the potential molecular mechanism in rats and determine if LUTN exhibits protective benefits against AFB1-induced hepatotoxicity. Random selection was used to determine the four treatment groups, each consisting of 24 rats (n = 6). Physiological saline was administered to group 1 (CONT); group 2 received LUTN for a dosage of 50-mg/kg BW. AFB1 was administered to group 3 for a dosage of 0.75-mg/kg BW, and AFB1 with LUTN was given to group 4 at the same dosages mentioned in the previous groups. Rats intoxicated with AFB1 alterations of hepatic transaminases, aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and alanine aminotransferase (ALT), displayed periportal mononuclear cell infiltrations, disorganized lobular architecture, and dispersed necrotic cells in their liver tissues. By reducing serum biochemical levels of the hepatic transaminases ALT and AST brought on by AFB1 exposure, our results demonstrated that LUTN treatment considerably restored liver injury. Through lowering the production of malondialdehyde (MDA) and reactive oxygen species (ROS), as well as by boosting the activity of the antioxidant enzyme catalase (CAT) and superoxide dismutase (SOD), LUTN mitigated the oxidative stress brought on by AFB1. Our findings showed that LUTN significantly reversed the liver damage caused by AFB1. When considered as a whole, LUTN may protect the liver from damage brought on by AFB1 by acting as a potential mitigator and may aid in the creation of cutting-edge therapies to treat liver illnesses in humans and/or animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed Samir A Zaki
- Department of Anatomy, College of Medicine, King Khalid University, Abha, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Histology and Cell Biology, College of Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
| | - Alsaleem Mohammed Abadi
- Department of Family and Community Medicine, College of Medicine, King Khalid University, Abha, Saudi Arabia
| | - Attalla F El-Kott
- Department of Biology, College of Science, King Khalid University, Abha, 61421, Saudi Arabia.
- Department of Zoology, College of Science, Damanhour University, Damanhour, 22511, Egypt.
| | - Gamal Mohamed
- Department of Human Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Jazan University, Jazan, Saudi Arabia
| | - Barakat M Alrashdi
- Biology Department, College of Science, Jouf University, P.O. Box 2014, Sakaka, 72388, Saudi Arabia
| | - Refaat A Eid
- Department of Pathology, College of Medicine, King Khalid University, Abha, Saudi Arabia
| | - Eman T Salem
- Department of Basic Science, Faculty of Physical Therapy, Horus University-Egypt, New Damietta, 34518, Egypt
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26
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Microencapsulation enhances the antifungal activity of cinnamaldehyde during the period of peanut storage. Lebensm Wiss Technol 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lwt.2023.114657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/14/2023]
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27
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Gao Z, Luo K, Zhu Q, Peng J, Liu C, Wang X, Li S, Zhang H. The natural occurrence, toxicity mechanisms and management strategies of Fumonisin B1:A review. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2023; 320:121065. [PMID: 36639041 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2023.121065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2022] [Revised: 12/30/2022] [Accepted: 01/09/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Fumonisin B1 (FB1) contaminates various crops, causing huge losses to agriculture and livestock worldwide. This review summarizes the occurrence regularity, toxicity, toxic mechanisms and management strategies of FB1. Specifically, FB1 contamination is particularly serious in developing countries, humid and hot regions. FB1 exposure can produce different toxic effects on the nervous system, respiratory system, digestive system and reproductive system. Furthermore, FB1 can also cause systemic immunotoxicity. The mechanism of toxic effects of FB1 is to interfere with the normal pathway of sphingolipid de novo biosynthesis by acting as a competitive inhibitor of ceramide synthase. Meanwhile, the toxic products of sphingolipid metabolic disorders can cause oxidative stress and apoptosis. FB1 also often causes feed contamination by mixing with other mycotoxins, and then exerts combined toxicity. For detection, lateral flow dipstick technology and enzyme linked immunosorbent assay are widely used in the detection of FB1 in commercial feeds, while mainstream detection methods such as high performance liquid chromatography and liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry are widely used in the laboratory theoretical study of FB1. For purification means of FB1, some natural plant extracts (such as Zingiber officinale and Litsea Cubeba essential oil) and their active compounds have been proved to inhibit the toxic effects of FB1 and protect livestock due to their antifungal and antioxidant effects. Natural plant extract has the advantages of high efficiency, low cost and no contamination residue. This review can provide information for comprehensive understanding of FB1, and provide reference for formulating reasonable treatment and management strategies in livestock production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhicheng Gao
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control for Severe Clinical Animal Diseases, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, 510642, People's Republic of China
| | - Kangxin Luo
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control for Severe Clinical Animal Diseases, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, 510642, People's Republic of China
| | - Qiuxiang Zhu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control for Severe Clinical Animal Diseases, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, 510642, People's Republic of China
| | - Jinghui Peng
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control for Severe Clinical Animal Diseases, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, 510642, People's Republic of China
| | - Chang Liu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control for Severe Clinical Animal Diseases, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, 510642, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoyue Wang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control for Severe Clinical Animal Diseases, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, 510642, People's Republic of China
| | - Shoujun Li
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control for Severe Clinical Animal Diseases, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, 510642, People's Republic of China
| | - Haiyang Zhang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control for Severe Clinical Animal Diseases, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, 510642, People's Republic of China.
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Gan T, Bambrick H, Ebi KL, Hu W. Does global warming increase the risk of liver cancer in Australia? Perspectives based on spatial variability. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 859:160412. [PMID: 36427742 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.160412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2022] [Revised: 11/15/2022] [Accepted: 11/18/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Australia has experienced an astonishing increase in liver cancer over the past few decades and the epidemiological reasons behind this are puzzling. The existing recognized risk factors for liver cancer, viral hepatitis, and alcohol consumption, are inconsistent with the trend in liver cancer. Behind the effects of migration and metabolic disease lies a potential contribution of climate change to an increase in liver cancer. This study explored the climate-associated distribution of high-risk areas for liver cancer by comparing liver cancer to lung cancer and finds that the incidence of liver cancer is more pronounced in hot and humid areas. This study showed the risk of liver cancer was higher in the equatorial region and tropical regions. These results will extend the study on the health consequences of climate change and provide more ideas and directions for future researchers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting Gan
- School of Public Health and Social Work, Queensland University of Technology, QLD, Australia
| | - Hilary Bambrick
- School of Public Health and Social Work, Queensland University of Technology, QLD, Australia; National Centre for Epidemiology and Population Health, Australian National University, ACT, Australia
| | - Kristie L Ebi
- Center for Health and the Global Environment, University of Washington, WA, USA
| | - Wenbiao Hu
- School of Public Health and Social Work, Queensland University of Technology, QLD, Australia.
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29
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Mahjoory Y, Mohammadi R, Hejazi MA, Nami Y. Antifungal activity of potential probiotic Limosilactobacillus fermentum strains and their role against toxigenic aflatoxin-producing aspergilli. Sci Rep 2023; 13:388. [PMID: 36617580 PMCID: PMC9826785 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-27721-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2022] [Accepted: 01/06/2023] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Two major aflatoxin-producing strains are Aspergillus flavus and Aspergillus niger. Probiotic bacteria have been identified as a potential means to fight aspergilli and reduce the availability of aflatoxin (AFs) as well as other food contaminants. In this study, the potential of ABRIIFBI-6 and ABRIIFBI-7 strains to inhibit the growth of aspergilli was investigated. Both strains survived in the simulated gastrointestinal conditions and inhibited the growth of Aspergillus significantly. Auto-aggregation ranged from 67.4 ± 1.9 for ABRIIFBI-6 to 75.8 ± 2.3% for ABRIIFBI-7, and hydrophobicity ranged from 57.3 ± 1.6 to 61.2 ± 1.4% for ABRIIFBI-6 and ranged from 51.2 ± 1.4 to 55.4 ± 1.8% for ABRIIFBI-7. The ranges of coaggregation with Staphylococcus aureus were 51.3 ± 1.7 and 52.4 ± 1.8% for ABRIIFBI-6 and ABRIIFBI-7, respectively, while coaggregation with Bacillus cereus was 57.9 ± 2.1 and 49.3 ± 1.9% for ABRIIFBI-6 and ABRIIFBI-7, respectively. Both strains indicated remarkable sensitivity to clinical antibiotics. According to the analysis of the identified potential probiotics, the findings of this study could significantly contribute to the understanding of the probiotic potential of LAB in dairy products in order to access their probiotic characterization for use as biocontrol of aflatoxin-producing species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yalda Mahjoory
- grid.412831.d0000 0001 1172 3536Department of Soil Science, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Reza Mohammadi
- grid.473705.20000 0001 0681 7351Department of Genomics, Branch for Northwest & West Region, Agricultural Biotechnology Research, Institute of Iran, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Tabriz, Iran
| | - Mohammad Amin Hejazi
- grid.473705.20000 0001 0681 7351Department of Food Biotechnology, Branch for Northwest & West Region, Agricultural Biotechnology Research, Institute of Iran, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Tabriz, Iran
| | - Yousef Nami
- Department of Food Biotechnology, Branch for Northwest & West Region, Agricultural Biotechnology Research, Institute of Iran, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Tabriz, Iran.
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Nogueira WV, Moyano FJ, Tesser MB, Garda-Buffon J. Mitigation of aflatoxin B 1 in fish feed by peroxidase from soybean meal. Food Addit Contam Part A Chem Anal Control Expo Risk Assess 2023; 40:110-120. [PMID: 36395353 DOI: 10.1080/19440049.2022.2134932] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Potential of the enzyme peroxidase (PO) from soybean meal to mitigate aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) in fish feed was evaluated. Reaction parameters studied in the wet stage of the feed production process were enzyme activity (0.01-0.1 U/g), temperature (20-36 °C), time (0-8 h) and humidity content (40-70%). Feed was produced in conformity with the National Research Council and spiked with AFB1 at 10 ng/g. Any residual concentration of AFB1 in the diet was extracted by the QuEChERS method and quantified by a liquid chromatograph with a fluorescence detector. AFB1 mitigation of 90% was reached when feed production conditions were 0.035 U/g, 32 °C, 6 h and 70% humidity. Therefore, application of PO to the feed industry may be considered a promising tool for mitigation of AFB1, considering its toxicity and frequent occurrence. In addition, it guarantees safe food for consumers of fish farming products, as AFB1 can bioaccumulate in the food chain. It also provides an alternative use for soybean meal that would previously be discarded.
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31
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Integrated Profiles of Transcriptome and mRNA m6A Modification Reveal the Intestinal Cytotoxicity of Aflatoxin B1 on HCT116 Cells. Genes (Basel) 2022; 14:genes14010079. [PMID: 36672820 PMCID: PMC9858580 DOI: 10.3390/genes14010079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2022] [Revised: 12/11/2022] [Accepted: 12/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) is widely prevalent in foods and animal feeds and is one of the most toxic and carcinogenic aflatoxin subtypes. Existing studies have proved that the intestine is targeted by AFB1, and adverse organic effects have been observed. This study aimed to investigate the relationship between AFB1-induced intestinal toxicity and N6-methyladenosine (m6A) RNA methylation, which involves the post-transcriptional regulation of mRNA expression. The transcriptome-wide m6A methylome and transcriptome profiles in human intestinal cells treated with AFB1 are presented. Methylated RNA immunoprecipitation sequencing and mRNA sequencing were carried out to determine the distinctions in m6A methylation and different genes expressed in AFB1-induced intestinal toxicity. The results showed that there were 2289 overlapping genes of the differentially expressed mRNAs and differentially m6A-methylation-modified mRNAs. After enrichment of the signaling pathways and biological processes, these genes participated in the terms of the cell cycle, endoplasmic reticulum, tight junction, and mitophagy. In conclusion, the study demonstrated that AFB1-induced HCT116 injury was related to the disruptions to the levels of m6A methylation modifications of target genes and the abnormal expression of m6A regulators.
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An NN, Shang N, Zhao X, Tie XY, Guo WB, Li D, Wang LJ, Wang Y. Occurrence, Regulation, and Emerging Detoxification Techniques of Aflatoxins in Maize: A Review. FOOD REVIEWS INTERNATIONAL 2022. [DOI: 10.1080/87559129.2022.2158339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Nan-nan An
- College of Engineering, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, National Energy R & D Center for Non-food Biomass, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Nan Shang
- College of Engineering, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, National Energy R & D Center for Non-food Biomass, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Xia Zhao
- College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, Beijing Key Laboratory of Functional Food from Plant Resources, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Xiao-yu Tie
- College of Engineering, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, National Energy R & D Center for Non-food Biomass, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Wen-bo Guo
- College of Engineering, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, National Energy R & D Center for Non-food Biomass, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Dong Li
- College of Engineering, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, National Energy R & D Center for Non-food Biomass, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Li-jun Wang
- College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, Beijing Key Laboratory of Functional Food from Plant Resources, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Yong Wang
- School of Chemical Engineering, University of New South Wales, Kensington, New South Wales, Australia
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Aflatoxins in Feed: Types, Metabolism, Health Consequences in Swine and Mitigation Strategies. Toxins (Basel) 2022; 14:toxins14120853. [PMID: 36548750 PMCID: PMC9783261 DOI: 10.3390/toxins14120853] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2022] [Revised: 11/21/2022] [Accepted: 12/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Feeding farm animals with aflatoxin-contaminated feed can cause various severe toxic effects, leading to increased susceptibility to infectious diseases and increased mortality, weight loss, poor performance and reduced reproductive capability. Following ingestion of contaminated foodstuffs, aflatoxins are metabolized and biotransformed differently in animals. Swine metabolism is not effective in detoxifying and excreting aflatoxins, meaning the risk of aflatoxicosis is increased. Thus, it is of great importance to elucidate the metabolism and all metabolic pathways associated with this mycotoxin. The damage induced by AFB1 in cells and tissues consists of inhibition of cell proliferation, carcinogenicity, immunosuppression, mutagenicity, oxidative stress, lipid peroxidation and DNA damage, leading to pathological lesions in the liver, spleen, lymph node, kidney, uterus, heart, and lungs of swine. At present, it is a challenging task and of serious concern to completely remove aflatoxins and their metabolites from feedstuff; thus, the aim of this study was a literature review on the deleterious effects of aflatoxins on swine metabolism, as well as alternatives that contribute to the detoxification or amelioration of aflatoxin-induced effects in farm animal feed.
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Ji M, Li J, Fan L. Synergistic effect of oregano essential oil fumigation combined with infrared heating on the inactivation of Aspergillus flavus. FOOD BIOSCI 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fbio.2022.102136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Ali HS, Badr AN, Alsulami T, Shehata MG, Youssef MM. Quality Attributes of Sesame Butter (Tahini) Fortified with Lyophilized Powder of Edible Mushroom ( Agaricus blazei). Foods 2022; 11:foods11223691. [PMID: 36429283 PMCID: PMC9689749 DOI: 10.3390/foods11223691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2022] [Revised: 10/19/2022] [Accepted: 11/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Sesame butter (tahini) is a common appetizer and food additive in the Mediterranean basin. Pathogenic strains and mycotoxin content are the most hazardous issues in the final product. This investigation aimed to enhance the quality and safety properties of tahini products against microbial hazards and mycotoxins. Local samples of tahini were evaluated for natural contamination, including mycotoxin level determinations. Agaricus blazei was utilized as a bioactive source and evaluated for the bioactive content of laccase, B-glucan, antioxidant activity, and phenolic content, as well as antimicrobial and antioxidant potency. Two fortification ratios (0.5% and 1.0%) were chosen to apply Agaricus in tahini sesame as a model. Chemical composition, color attributes, sensory properties, emulsion, and oxidative stability were evaluated for the fortified samples versus the control. The results reflected increments of protein (22.91 ± 0.64% to 29.34 ± 0.96%), fiber content (3.09 ± 0.05% to 6.27 ± 0.06%), emulsion stability (84.9 ± 1.24% to 95.41 ± 0.56%), oxidative stability, and bioactive group content. The fortification process is reflected by the absence of Salmonella, Listeria, and E. coli bacteria from contaminated samples after 30 days of storage. The water activity for 1.0% fortification (0.154 ± 0.001) was recorded as lower than the control sample (0.192 ± 0.002). Moreover, the degradation of aflatoxins and zearalenone content was recorded during storage. The degradation ratio reached 68% and 97.2% for 0.5% and 1.0% fortifications, respectively, while zearalenone degradation recorded a decline of 26.7% and 33.7%, respectively, for the same fortification ratios. These results recommended 1.0% lyophilized mushroom fortification as a quality and ameliorative safety treatment for tahini products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hatem Salama Ali
- Food Technology Department, National Research Center, Dokki, Cairo 12622, Egypt
| | - Ahmed Noah Badr
- Food Toxicology and Contaminants Department, National Research Centre, Dokki, Cairo 12622, Egypt
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +20-100-032-764-0
| | - Tawfiq Alsulami
- Food Science and Nutrition Department, Food and Agriculture Science College, King Saud University, Riyadh 12372, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohamed Gamal Shehata
- Food Science Department, Arid Lands Cultivation Research Institute, City of Scientific Research and Technological Applications (SRTA-City), New Borg El-Arab 21934, Egypt
- Food Research Section, R&D Division, Abu Dhabi Agriculture and Food Safety Authority (ADAFSA), Abu Dhabi P.O. Box 52150, United Arab Emirates
| | - Mohamed Mahmoud Youssef
- Food Science and Technology Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Alexandria University, Alexandria 21545, Egypt
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Fermented Soybean Meal (FSBM) in African Catfish ( Clarias gariepinus) Diets: Effects on Growth Performance, Fish Gut Microbiota Analysis, Blood Haematology, and Liver Morphology. Life (Basel) 2022; 12:life12111851. [PMID: 36430986 PMCID: PMC9694454 DOI: 10.3390/life12111851] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2022] [Revised: 11/05/2022] [Accepted: 11/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The study revealed the potential of fermented soybean meal (FSBM) as a fish meal (FM) replacement in African catfish (Clarias gariepinus) feed formulation. Five isonitrogenous diets (32% crude protein) were prepared with five different levels of FSBM as FM replacement, namely 0% FSBM (T1), 40% FSBM (T2), 50% FSBM (T3), 60% FSBM (T4), and 70% (T5). The experimental fish was given the formulated diet for eight consecutive weeks. At the end of the feeding trial, the fish were subjected to growth performance, blood parameters, blood chemical, liver histology, and gut microbiota assessment. The study findings demonstrated that the experimental fish that received the T2 diet exhibited significantly higher (p < 0.05) growth performance. Experimental fish that received diet T2 had significantly higher (p < 0.05) white blood cell (WBC) and significantly lower (p < 0.05) in terms of cholesterol (CHOL), albumin (ALB), globulin (GLOB), and total protein (TP). The replacement of FSBM to FM significantly affected liver morphology on the sinusoid, vacuole, nucleus, and erythrocytes. Gut microbiota composition analysis showed a significantly high abundance (p < 0.05) of Akkermansia muciniphila in the experimental fish that received the T2 diet. The gut microbiota indicates that the experimental fish is in a healthy condition. In conclusion, replacing 40% FSBM with FM in aquafeed could enhance C. gariepinus growth performance and health conditions.
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Xu M, Zhou Z, Hao L, Li Z, Li J, Wang Q, Liu W, Wang C, Wang Z, Wu Q. Phenyl-imidazole based and nitrogen rich hyper-crosslinked polymer for sensitive determination of aflatoxins. Food Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2022.134847] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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Song C, Yang J, Wang Y, Ding G, Guo L, Qin J. Mechanisms and transformed products of aflatoxin B1 degradation under multiple treatments: a review. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2022; 64:2263-2275. [PMID: 36102160 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2022.2121910] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Aflatoxins, including aflatoxin B1, B2, G1, G2, M1, and M2, are one of the major types of mycotoxins that endangers food safety, human health, and contribute to the immeasurable loss of food and agricultural production in the world yearly. In addition, aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) mainly produced by Aspergilus sp. is the most potent of these compounds and has been well documented to cause the development of hepatocellular carcinoma in humans and animals. This paper reviewed the detoxification and degradation of AFB1, including analysis and summary of the major technologies in physics, chemistry, and biology in recent years. The chemical structure and toxicity of the transformed products, and the degradation mechanisms of AFB1 are overviewed and discussed in this presented review. In addition to the traditional techniques, we also provide a prospective study on the use of emerging detoxification methods such as natural products and photocatalysis. The purpose of this work is to provide reference for AFB1 control and detoxification, and to promote the development of follow-up research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenggang Song
- College of Plant Science, Jilin University, Changchun, P. R. China
| | - Jian Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Dao-di Herbs, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Yanduo Wang
- Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Resources Utilization of Chinese Herbal Medicine, Ministry of Education, Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Gang Ding
- Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Resources Utilization of Chinese Herbal Medicine, Ministry of Education, Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Lanping Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Dao-di Herbs, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Jianchun Qin
- College of Plant Science, Jilin University, Changchun, P. R. China
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39
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Boron-doped activated carbon nanocomposite as a selective adsorbent for rapid extraction of aflatoxins in nut samples. J Food Compost Anal 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jfca.2022.104680] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/07/2022]
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Yue Q, Li X, Fang J, Li M, Zhang J, Zhao G, Cao W, Wei Q. Oxygen Free Radical Scavenger PtPd@PDA as a Dual-Mode Quencher of Electrochemiluminescence Immunosensor for the Detection of AFB1. Anal Chem 2022; 94:11476-11482. [PMID: 35950288 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.2c00788] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Here, a dual-mode quenched electrochemiluminescence (ECL) immunosensor based on PtPd@PDA was proposed. Among them, nitrogen-doped hydrazide conjugated carbon dots (NHCDs), as an ECL emitter and a donor of resonance energy transfer, were quenched by PtPd@PDA (receptor). At the same time, PDA in PtPd@PDA, as an oxygen radical scavenger, completed the further quenching of the ECL signal by consuming O2•- generated by the decomposition of co-reactant H2O2. The dual-mode quenching from the above two channels was achieved. In addition, compared with the traditional carbon quantum dots, NHCDs as ECL emitters had lower excitation potential. Moreover, a large number of amino groups provided by aminated MWCNTs could capture more antibodies while connecting with NHCDs. Under the optimum experimental conditions, taking aflatoxin B1 as the target, the proposed sensor with good specificity, stability, and reproducibility had good linearity when the concentration of AFB1 was 0.01-100 ng/mL, with the detection limit of 2.63 pg/mL (S/N = 3). This strategy provided more possibilities for the application of dopamine metal nanocomposites in electrochemiluminescence analysis and offered a new approach to detect AFB1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Yue
- Key Laboratory of Interfacial Reaction & Sensing Analysis in Universities of Shandong, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of Jinan, Jinan 250022, P. R. China
| | - Xuan Li
- Qingdao Bright Moon Seaweed Group Co., Ltd., Qingdao 266000, P. R. China
| | - Jinglong Fang
- Key Laboratory of Interfacial Reaction & Sensing Analysis in Universities of Shandong, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of Jinan, Jinan 250022, P. R. China
| | - Min Li
- Key Laboratory of Interfacial Reaction & Sensing Analysis in Universities of Shandong, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of Jinan, Jinan 250022, P. R. China
| | - Jingjing Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Interfacial Reaction & Sensing Analysis in Universities of Shandong, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of Jinan, Jinan 250022, P. R. China
| | - Guanhui Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Interfacial Reaction & Sensing Analysis in Universities of Shandong, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of Jinan, Jinan 250022, P. R. China
| | - Wei Cao
- Key Laboratory of Interfacial Reaction & Sensing Analysis in Universities of Shandong, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of Jinan, Jinan 250022, P. R. China
| | - Qin Wei
- Key Laboratory of Interfacial Reaction & Sensing Analysis in Universities of Shandong, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of Jinan, Jinan 250022, P. R. China
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Reactive molecular dynamics simulation on degradation of aflatoxin B1 by cold atmospheric plasmas. INNOV FOOD SCI EMERG 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ifset.2022.103101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
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Chen X, Abdallah MF, Grootaert C, Rajkovic A. Bioenergetic Status of the Intestinal and Hepatic Cells after Short Term Exposure to Fumonisin B1 and Aflatoxin B1. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23136945. [PMID: 35805950 PMCID: PMC9267062 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23136945] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2022] [Revised: 06/20/2022] [Accepted: 06/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Fumonisin B1 (FB1) and aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) are frequent contaminants of staple foods such as maize. Oral exposure to these toxins poses health hazards by disrupting cellular signaling. However, little is known regarding the multifaced mitochondrial dysfunction-linked toxicity of FB1 and AFB1. Here, we show that after exposure to FB1 and AFB1, mitochondrial respiration significantly decreased by measuring the oxygen consumption rate (OCR), mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP) and reactive oxygen species (ROS). The current work shows that the integrity of mitochondria (MMP and ROS), that is the central component of cell apoptosis, is disrupted by FB1 and AFB1 in undifferentiated Caco-2 and HepG2 cells as in vitro models for human intestine and liver, respectively. It hypothesizes that FB1 and AFB1 could disrupt the mitochondrial electron transport chain (ETC) to induce mitochondrial dysfunction and break the balance of transferring H+ between the mitochondrial inner membrane and mitochondrial matrix, however, the proton leak is not increasing and, as a result, ATP synthesis is blocked. At the sub-toxic exposure of 1.0 µg/mL for 24 h, i.e., a viability of 95% in Caco-2 and HepG2 cells, the mitochondrial respiration was, however, stimulated. This suggests that the treated cells could reserve energy for mitochondrial respiration with the exposure of FB1 and AFB1, which could be a survival advantage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangrong Chen
- Department of Food Technology, Safety and Health, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, 9000 Ghent, Belgium; (X.C.); (M.F.A.); (C.G.)
| | - Mohamed F. Abdallah
- Department of Food Technology, Safety and Health, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, 9000 Ghent, Belgium; (X.C.); (M.F.A.); (C.G.)
- Department of Forensic Medicine and Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Assiut University, Assiut 71515, Egypt
| | - Charlotte Grootaert
- Department of Food Technology, Safety and Health, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, 9000 Ghent, Belgium; (X.C.); (M.F.A.); (C.G.)
| | - Andreja Rajkovic
- Department of Food Technology, Safety and Health, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, 9000 Ghent, Belgium; (X.C.); (M.F.A.); (C.G.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +32-09-264-99-04
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Research Progress of Safety of Zearalenone: A Review. Toxins (Basel) 2022; 14:toxins14060386. [PMID: 35737047 PMCID: PMC9230539 DOI: 10.3390/toxins14060386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2022] [Revised: 04/21/2022] [Accepted: 04/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Zearalenone, a mycotoxin produced by fungi of the genus Fusarium, widely exists in animal feed and human food. The structure of zearalenone is similar to estrogen, so it mainly has estrogenic effects on various organisms. Products contaminated with zearalenone can pose risks to animals and humans. Therefore, it is imperative to carry out toxicological research on zearalenone and evaluate its risk to human health. This paper briefly introduces the production, physical, and chemical properties of zearalenone and the research progress of its toxicity kinetics, focusing on its genetic toxicity, reproductive toxicity, hepatotoxicity, immunotoxicity, carcinogenicity, endocrine interference, and its impact on intestinal health. Finally, the progress of the risk assessment of human exposure is summarized to provide a reference for the follow-up study of zearalenone.
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Hassan HF, Koaik L, Khoury AE, Atoui A, El Obeid T, Karam L. Dietary Exposure and Risk Assessment of Mycotoxins in Thyme and Thyme-Based Products Marketed in Lebanon. Toxins (Basel) 2022; 14:331. [PMID: 35622578 PMCID: PMC9146503 DOI: 10.3390/toxins14050331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2022] [Revised: 04/26/2022] [Accepted: 04/28/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
This study aimed at evaluating the incidence of aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) and ochratoxin A (OTA) in thyme and thyme-based products, related dietary exposure, and cancer risk for regular and high consumption. A total of 160 samples were collected, and 32 composite samples were analyzed. AFB1 and OTA were respectively found in 84% (27/32) and 38% (12/32) of the samples. AFB1 exceeded the limits in 41% (13/32) and 25% (8/32) of the samples according to the Lebanese and European standards, respectively. OTA was unacceptable in only 6% (2/32) and 3% (1/32) of the samples according to the Lebanese and European standards, respectively. AFB1 and OTA daily exposure was shown to be 4.270 and 1.345 ng/kg bw/day, respectively. AFB1 was shown to be associated with 0.41 and 0.35 additional cancer cases per 100,000 persons per year for regular consumption, respectively; while for high consumption, an increase of 0.911 and 0.639 cancer cases per 100,000 person per year was noted, respectively. The margin of exposure (MOE) for OTA was >10,000 for the non-neoplastic effect and >200 for the neoplastic effect, representing no toxicological concerns for consumers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hussein F. Hassan
- Department of Natural Sciences, School of Arts and Sciences, Lebanese American University, Beirut P.O. Box 13-5053, Lebanon;
| | - Lara Koaik
- Department of Nursing & Health Sciences, Faculty of Nursing & Health Sciences, Notre Dame University-Louaize, Zouk Mikael P.O. Box 72, Lebanon;
| | - André El Khoury
- Centre d’Analyses et de Recherche (CAR), Unité de Recherche Technologies et Valorisation Agro-Alimentaire (UR-TVA), Faculty of Sciences, Saint-Joseph University of Beirut, Campus of Sciences and Technologies, Beirut P.O. Box 17-5208, Lebanon;
| | - Ali Atoui
- Laboratory of Microbiology, Department of Life and Earth Sciences, Faculty of Sciences, Lebanese University, Hadath Campus, Beirut P.O. Box 5, Lebanon;
| | - Tahra El Obeid
- Human Nutrition Department, College of Health Sciences, QU Health, Qatar University, Doha P.O. Box 2713, Qatar;
| | - Layal Karam
- Human Nutrition Department, College of Health Sciences, QU Health, Qatar University, Doha P.O. Box 2713, Qatar;
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Fang L, Zhao B, Zhang R, Wu P, Zhao D, Chen J, Pan X, Wang J, Wu X, Zhang H, Qi X, Zhou J, Zhou B. Occurrence and exposure assessment of aflatoxins in Zhejiang province, China. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND PHARMACOLOGY 2022; 92:103847. [PMID: 35283284 DOI: 10.1016/j.etap.2022.103847] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2021] [Revised: 03/06/2022] [Accepted: 03/09/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to assess the risk of aflatoxins due to multiple food consumption among the Zhejiang population. Ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography coupled with tandem mass spectrometry method was used to determine aflatoxins in 792 samples. Aflatoxins were detected in 27.1% of the samples at levels between 0.07 and 262.63 μg kg-1, and aflatoxins B1 was the most frequently detected among different types of samples. 0.8% of peanut oil, 3.39% of nut products as well as 1.1% of condiments contaminated with aflatoxins B1 exceeded China national tolerance limits. Peanut oil had the highest incidence of aflatoxin, with a range from 0.17 to 22.50 μg kg-1. Using bags conferred limited advantages in reducing aflatoxin contents. Moreover, peanut and rice were the main contributors to dietary exposure to aflatoxins among Zhejiang residents. Finally, the margin of exposure values obtained by rice consumption were far from the safe margin of 10,000, indicating a potential risk to public health. The results pointed out the need for further prioritization of aflatoxins B1 risk-management actions in Zhejiang.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Fang
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China; Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology and Bioinformatics of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China
| | - Bi Zhao
- School of Medicine, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
| | - Ronghua Zhang
- Zhejiang Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Hangzhou, China
| | - Pinggu Wu
- Zhejiang Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Hangzhou, China
| | - Dong Zhao
- Zhejiang Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jiang Chen
- Zhejiang Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xiaodong Pan
- Zhejiang Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jikai Wang
- Zhejiang Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xiaoli Wu
- Zhejiang Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Hangzhou, China
| | - Hexiang Zhang
- Zhejiang Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xiaojuan Qi
- Zhejiang Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jiancang Zhou
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China; Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology and Bioinformatics of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China
| | - Biao Zhou
- Zhejiang Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Hangzhou, China.
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Wang Y, Xianyu Y. Nanobody and Nanozyme-Enabled Immunoassays with Enhanced Specificity and Sensitivity. SMALL METHODS 2022; 6:e2101576. [PMID: 35266636 DOI: 10.1002/smtd.202101576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2021] [Revised: 01/20/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Immunoassay as a rapid and convenient method for detecting a variety of targets has attracted tremendous interest with its high specificity and sensitivity. Among the commonly used immunoassays, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay has been widely used as a gold standard method in various fields that consists of two main components including a recognition element and an enzyme label. With the rapid advances in nanotechnology, nanobodies and nanozymes enable immunoassays with enhanced specificity and sensitivity compared with conventional antibodies and natural enzymes. This review is focused on the applications of nanobodies and nanozymes in immunoassays. Nanobodies advantage lies in their small size, high specificity, mass expression, and high stability. Nanozymes with peroxidase, phosphatase, and oxidase activities and their applications in immunoassays are highlighted and discussed in detail. In addition, the challenges and outlooks in terms of the use of nanobodies and the development of novel nanozymes in practical applications are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yidan Wang
- College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Yunlei Xianyu
- College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
- State Key Laboratory of Fluid Power and Mechatronic Systems, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310058, China
- Ningbo Research Institute, Zhejiang University, Ningbo, Zhejiang, 315100, China
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47
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Shirai A, Kawasaka K, Tsuchiya K. Antimicrobial action of phenolic acids combined with violet 405-nm light for disinfecting pathogenic and spoilage fungi. JOURNAL OF PHOTOCHEMISTRY AND PHOTOBIOLOGY. B, BIOLOGY 2022; 229:112411. [PMID: 35219030 DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2022.112411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2021] [Revised: 02/03/2022] [Accepted: 02/15/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this study is to investigate the fungicidal spectrum of six phenolic-cinnamic and -benzoic acid derivatives using four fungi, Aspergillus niger, Cladosporium cladosporioides, Trichophyton mentagrophytes and Candida albicans, in a photocombination system with violet 405-nm light. This is the first study to examine the fungicidal mechanism involving oxidative damage using the conidium of A. niger, as well as an assessment of cellular function and chemical characteristics. The results of the screening assay indicated that ferulic acid (FA) and vanillic acid (VA), which possess 4-hydroxyl and 3-methoxy groups in their phenolic acid structures, produced synergistic activity with 405-nm light irradiation. FA and VA (5.0 mM) significantly decreased the viability of A. niger by 2.4 to 2.6-logs under 90-min irradiation. The synergistic effects were attenuated by the addition of the radical scavenger dimethyl sulfoxide. Generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), such as hydrogen peroxide and hydroxyl radicals, were confirmed in the phenolic acid solutions tested after irradiation with colorimetric and electron spin resonance analyses. Adsorption of FA and VA to conidia was greater than other tested phenolic acids, and produced 1.55- and 1.85-fold elevation of intracellular ROS levels, as determined using an oxidant-sensitive probe with flow cytometry analysis. However, cell wall or membrane damage was not the main mechanism by which the combination-induced fungal death was mediated. Intracellular ATP was drastically diminished (5% of control levels) following combined treatment with FA and light exposure, even under a condition that produced negligible decreases in viability, thereby resulting in pronounced growth delay. These results suggest that the first stage in the photofungicidal mechanism is oxidative damage to mitochondria or the cellular catabolism system associated with ATP synthesis, which is a result of the photoreaction of phenolic acids adsorbed and internalized by conidia. This photo-technology in combination with food-grade phenolic acids can aid in developing alternative approaches for disinfection of pathogenic and spoilage fungi in the fields of agriculture, food processing and medical care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akihiro Shirai
- Department of Bioscience and Bioindustry, Graduate School of Technology, Industrial and Social Sciences, Tokushima University, 2-1 Minami-Josanjima, Tokushima 770-8513, Japan; Institute of Post-LED Photonics, Tokushima University, 2-1 Minami-Josanjima, Tokushima 770-8506, Japan.
| | - Kaito Kawasaka
- Graduate School of Sciences and Technology for Innovation, Tokushima University, 2-1 Minami-Josanjima, Tokushima 770-8506, Japan.
| | - Koichiro Tsuchiya
- Department of Medical Pharmacology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Graduate School of Tokushima University, 1-78-1 Sho-machi, Tokushima 770-8505, Japan.
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48
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Mohebbi A, Nemati M, Mogaddam MRA, Farajzadeh MA, Lotfipour F. Dispersive micro–solid–phase extraction of aflatoxins from commercial soy milk samples using a green vitamin–based metal–organic framework as an efficient sorbent followed by high performance liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry determination. J Chromatogr A 2022; 1673:463099. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2022.463099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2021] [Revised: 04/12/2022] [Accepted: 04/28/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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49
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Gao H, Lu D, Xing M, Xu Q, Xue F. Excavation, expression, and functional analysis of a novel zearalenone-degrading enzyme. Folia Microbiol (Praha) 2022; 67:633-640. [DOI: 10.1007/s12223-022-00967-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2021] [Accepted: 03/18/2022] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
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50
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Naeem I, Ismail A, Rehman AU, Ismail Z, Saima S, Naz A, Faraz A, de Oliveira CAF, Benkerroum N, Aslam MZ, Aslam R. Prevalence of Aflatoxins in Selected Dry Fruits, Impact of Storage Conditions on Contamination Levels and Associated Health Risks on Pakistani Consumers. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:ijerph19063404. [PMID: 35329090 PMCID: PMC8954913 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19063404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2022] [Revised: 02/21/2022] [Accepted: 03/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Dry fruits and nuts are nutritious foods with several health-promoting properties. However, they are prone to contamination with aflatoxins at all stages of production and storage. The present study aimed to determine the natural occurrence of aflatoxin B1 (AFB1), aflatoxin B2 (AFB2), aflatoxin G1 (AFG1), aflatoxin G2 (AFG2), and total aflatoxins (AFT) in dates, pistachios, and walnuts collected from four districts of South Punjab (Pakistan), and to assess the associated health risks as estimated by dietary exposure and the Margin of Exposure (MoE) determinations. The contents of AFB1 and AFT in these food products were monitored during storage under three different conditions (open-air, hermetically closed jars, and refrigeration at 4 °C) to determine the most efficient conditions in preventing aflatoxin accumulation. HPLC-fluorescence analysis of 60 samples of these products for aflatoxin contamination showed that 52 (86.7%) samples were contaminated at different levels, with a maximum of 24.2 ng/g. The overall (all samples) mean concentrations of AFB1, AFB2, AFG1, AFG2, and AFT were 3.39 ± 2.96, 1.39 ± 1.68, 1.63 ± 1.48. 1.12 ± 1.23, and 7.54 ± 6.68, respectively. The Estimated Daily Intake (EDI) and MoE of aflatoxins through the consumption of the products ranged from 0.06 ng/kg bw/day to 2.0 ng/kg bw/day and from 84.84 to 2857.13, respectively, indicating that consumers are at high health risk. Significant differences were recorded between aflatoxin levels in the samples stored under different storage conditions, with storage under refrigeration (4 °C) being the most effective in controlling aflatoxin accumulation, although storage in closed jars was also efficient and offers a more flexible alternative to retailers. The findings of the study urge official authorities of Pakistan to implement appropriate regulatory and control measures and surveillance program to alleviate the potential public health risks associated with the consumption of dry fruits and nuts in the scope of their increased consumption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iqra Naeem
- Faculty of Agricultural Sciences and Technology, Institute of Food Science and Nutrition, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan 60000, Pakistan; (I.N.); (A.U.R.); (Z.I.)
| | - Amir Ismail
- Faculty of Agricultural Sciences and Technology, Institute of Food Science and Nutrition, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan 60000, Pakistan; (I.N.); (A.U.R.); (Z.I.)
- Correspondence: (A.I.); (N.B.)
| | - Awais Ur Rehman
- Faculty of Agricultural Sciences and Technology, Institute of Food Science and Nutrition, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan 60000, Pakistan; (I.N.); (A.U.R.); (Z.I.)
| | - Zubair Ismail
- Faculty of Agricultural Sciences and Technology, Institute of Food Science and Nutrition, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan 60000, Pakistan; (I.N.); (A.U.R.); (Z.I.)
| | - Shehzadi Saima
- Faculty of Sciences, Institute of Pure and Applied Biology, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan 60000, Pakistan;
| | - Ambreen Naz
- Department of Food Science and Technology, MNS University of Agriculture, Multan 60000, Pakistan;
| | - Asim Faraz
- Department of Livestock & Poultry Production, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan 60000, Pakistan;
| | | | - Noreddine Benkerroum
- Canadian Food Inspection Agency, 93 Mount Edward Rd Charlottetown, Charlottetown, PE C1A 5T1, Canada
- Correspondence: (A.I.); (N.B.)
| | | | - Rashida Aslam
- Cytogenetics Section, Central Cotton Research Institute, Multan 60000, Pakistan;
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