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Vijayaram S, Razafindralambo H, Ghafarifarsani H, Sun YZ, Hoseinifar SH, Van Doan H. Synergetic response on herbal and probiotic applications: a review. FISH PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY 2024; 50:1315-1329. [PMID: 38411877 DOI: 10.1007/s10695-024-01318-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2023] [Accepted: 02/04/2024] [Indexed: 02/28/2024]
Abstract
Herbs and their by-products are important traditional medicines and food supplements; they provide numerous beneficial effects for animals. Consequently, probiotics are living cell organisms, nontoxic, and friendly microbes. Probiotics have numerous beneficial activities such as inhibition of pathogens, enhancement of the immune system, growth, disease resistance, improving water quality, reducing toxic effects, synthesis of vitamins, prevention of cancer, reduction of irritable bowel syndrome, and more positive responses in animals. Herbal and probiotic combinations have more active responses and produce new substances to enhance beneficial responses in animals. Herbal and probiotic mixture report is still limited applications for animals. However, the mechanisms by which they interact with the immune system and gut microbiota in animals are largely unclear. This review provides some information on the effect of herbal and probiotic blend on animals. This review discusses current research advancements to fulfill research gaps and promote effective and healthy animal production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seerengaraj Vijayaram
- Xiamen Key Laboratory for Feed Quality Testing and Safety Evaluation, Fisheries College, Jimei University, Xiamen, 361021, China
| | - Hary Razafindralambo
- ProBioLab, Campus Universitaire de La Faculté de Gembloux AgroBio Tech/Université de Liège, B5030, Gembloux, Belgium
| | - Hamed Ghafarifarsani
- Department of Fisheries, Faculty of Natural Resources, Urmia University, Urmia, Iran
| | - Yun-Zhang Sun
- Xiamen Key Laboratory for Feed Quality Testing and Safety Evaluation, Fisheries College, Jimei University, Xiamen, 361021, China.
| | - Seyed Hossein Hoseinifar
- Department of Fisheries, Faculty of Fisheries and Environmental Sciences, Gorgan University of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources, Gorgan, Iran
| | - Hien Van Doan
- Department of Animal and Aquatic Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50200, Thailand.
- Functional Feed Innovation Center (FuncFeed), Faculty of Agriculture, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50200, Thailand.
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Bairami Igdery A, Farhangi M, Adineh H, Jafaryan H, Kordjazi Z, Hoseinifar SH. The Study of Caspian Roach ( Rutilus caspicus) Fry Health Fed with Phytobiotic-Supplemented and Salinity Stress Resistance with Emphasis on Gill Tissue Pathology. AQUACULTURE NUTRITION 2023; 2023:4581144. [PMID: 37601623 PMCID: PMC10438975 DOI: 10.1155/2023/4581144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2023] [Revised: 07/07/2023] [Accepted: 07/13/2023] [Indexed: 08/22/2023]
Abstract
Herbal treatment augments immune and antioxidant responses and suppresses stress in fish. Ginger (Zingiber officinale) is a popular plant with medicinal uses because of its immunostimulant, antimicrobial, and antioxidant characteristics. This study aimed to investigate the effects of ginger (Z. officinale) on growth, digestive enzymes activity, antioxidant and immune response, and salinity stress resistance of Caspian roach (Rutilus caspicus). Fish (0.98 ± 0.09 g) were divided into four treatment-fed diets containing 0 (control, Z0), 10 (Z10), 20 (Z20), and 30 (Z30) g/kg ginger powder for 56 days and then subjected to 2 g/L salinity stress for 48 hr. The highest final weight of specific growth rate (SGR), superoxide dismutase (SOD), and catalase activity and the lowest final weight of feed conversion ratio (FCR) and malondialdehyde (MDA) were observed in fish-fed diets containing 10 and 20 g/kg ginger inclusion. Intestinal protease activity significantly increased in Z10 treatment, and the highest amylase and lipase activities were related to control, including 10 g/kg ginger in the diet compared to the control group had a significant effect on immune indices such as immunoglobulin M (IgM) and ACH50 (p < 0.05). The highest lysozyme was obtained in Z20 treatment, which had a significant difference in the control (p < 0.05). Cortisol and glucose levels were significantly lower in ginger treatments than the control before and/or after salinity stress. Histopathologic results showed that hyperplasia, edema, expansion of secondary lamella, epithelial cells, and necrosis of gills were most common lesions. However, the results of this study demonstrate that using ginger powder in addition to improving of growth, it can be also effective in survival rate of Caspian roach fingerling as an endangered species exposed to salinity stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Allieh Bairami Igdery
- Department of Fisheries, Faculty of Agriculture and Natural Resources, Gonbad Kavous University, Gonbad Kavous, Golestan, Iran
| | - Mohammad Farhangi
- Department of Fisheries, Faculty of Agriculture and Natural Resources, Gonbad Kavous University, Gonbad Kavous, Golestan, Iran
| | - Hossein Adineh
- Department of Fisheries, Faculty of Agriculture and Natural Resources, Gonbad Kavous University, Gonbad Kavous, Golestan, Iran
| | - Hojatollah Jafaryan
- Department of Fisheries, Faculty of Agriculture and Natural Resources, Gonbad Kavous University, Gonbad Kavous, Golestan, Iran
| | - Zia Kordjazi
- Department of Fisheries, Faculty of Agriculture and Natural Resources, Gonbad Kavous University, Gonbad Kavous, Golestan, Iran
| | - Seyed Hossein Hoseinifar
- Department of Fisheries, Faculty of Fisheries and Environmental Sciences, Gorgan University of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources, Gorgan, Iran
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Giri SS, Kim SG, Woo KJ, Jung WJ, Lee SB, Lee YM, Jo SJ, Hwang MH, Park J, Kim JH, V S, Park SC. Effects of Bougainvillea glabra leaf on growth, skin mucosal immune responses, and disease resistance in common carp Cyprinus carpio. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2023; 132:108514. [PMID: 36596319 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2022.108514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2022] [Revised: 12/23/2022] [Accepted: 12/30/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
This study evaluated the effects of Bougainvillea glabra (BG) leaf as a feed supplement on growth, skin mucosal immune parameters, serum oxidative stress, expression of immune-related genes, and susceptibility to pathogen infection in carp Cyprinus carpio. Diets containing four different BG concentrations (g kg-1), i.e., 0 g (basal diet), 20 g (BG20), 30 g (BG30), 40 g (BG40), and 50 g (BG50), were fed to the carp (average weight: 14.03 ± 0.81 g) for 8 weeks. Skin mucosal immunological and serum antioxidant parameters were examined 8 weeks post-feeding. Growth performance was significantly higher in BG40. Among the examined skin mucosal immune parameters, lysozyme (33.79 ± 0.98 U mL-1), protein (6.88 ± 0.37 mg mL-1), immunoglobulin (IgM; 5.34 ± 0.37 unit-mg mL-1), and protease activity (3.18 ± 0.36%) were significantly higher in BG40 than in the control; whereas, there was no significant effect on the alkaline phosphatase level. Among serum immune activity, activities of lysozyme, the alternative complement pathway, and IgM were significantly higher in BG40. Phagocytic, and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activities were higher (P < 0.05) in BG30-BG50. Serum ALT, AST, and MDA levels were lower in BG40 than in the control (P < 0.05). Intestinal enzymatic activities were enhanced in BG40 and BG50 (P < 0.05), except for lipase in BG50. Gene expression analysis revealed that the mRNA expressions of antioxidant genes (SOD, GPx, and Nrf2), an anti-inflammatory gene (IL-10), and IκBα were significantly upregulated in BG40. Conversely, the pro-inflammatory gene IL-1β and the signaling molecule NF-κB p65 were downregulated in BG40 and BG50, respectively. BG supplementation had no significant effect on TNF-α, TLR22, or HSP70 mRNA expressions. Moreover, fish in BG40 exhibited the highest relative post-challenge survival (67.74%) against Aeromonas hydrophila infection. These results suggested that dietary supplementation with BG leaves at 40 g/kg can significantly improve the growth performance, immune responses, and disease resistance of C. carpio. BG leaves are a promising food additive for carp in aquaculture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sib Sankar Giri
- Laboratory of Aquatic Biomedicine, College of Veterinary Medicine and Research Institute for Veterinary Science, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, South Korea
| | - Sang Guen Kim
- Laboratory of Aquatic Biomedicine, College of Veterinary Medicine and Research Institute for Veterinary Science, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, South Korea
| | - Kang Jeong Woo
- Laboratory of Aquatic Biomedicine, College of Veterinary Medicine and Research Institute for Veterinary Science, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, South Korea
| | - Won Joon Jung
- Laboratory of Aquatic Biomedicine, College of Veterinary Medicine and Research Institute for Veterinary Science, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, South Korea
| | - Sung Bin Lee
- Laboratory of Aquatic Biomedicine, College of Veterinary Medicine and Research Institute for Veterinary Science, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, South Korea
| | - Young Min Lee
- Laboratory of Aquatic Biomedicine, College of Veterinary Medicine and Research Institute for Veterinary Science, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, South Korea
| | - Su Jin Jo
- Laboratory of Aquatic Biomedicine, College of Veterinary Medicine and Research Institute for Veterinary Science, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, South Korea
| | - Mae Hyun Hwang
- Laboratory of Aquatic Biomedicine, College of Veterinary Medicine and Research Institute for Veterinary Science, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, South Korea
| | - JaeHong Park
- Laboratory of Aquatic Biomedicine, College of Veterinary Medicine and Research Institute for Veterinary Science, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, South Korea
| | - Ji Hyung Kim
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, Gachon University, Seongnam, 13120, Republic of Korea
| | - Sukumaran V
- Department of Zoology, Kundavai Nachiyar Government Arts College for Women (Autonomous), Thanjavur, 613007, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Se Chang Park
- Laboratory of Aquatic Biomedicine, College of Veterinary Medicine and Research Institute for Veterinary Science, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, South Korea.
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Immunogenic Effects of Dietary Terminalia arjuna Bark Powder in Labeo rohita, a Fish Model: Elucidated by an Integrated Biomarker Response Approach. Animals (Basel) 2022; 13:ani13010039. [PMID: 36611649 PMCID: PMC9817928 DOI: 10.3390/ani13010039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2022] [Revised: 11/13/2022] [Accepted: 11/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Utilizing agro-industrial waste and herbal products to create a circular bioeconomy is becoming increasingly popular. Terminalia arjuna is a significant ethnomedicinal plant that has not yet been exploited in animal feed. In the present study, nutritional Terminalia arjuna bark powder-based fish feed was created and supplied to a candidate fish species Labeo rohita at varied levels: 0% (0 g/kg), 0.5% (5 g/kg), 1% (10 g/kg), and 1.5% (15 g/kg). These treatment groups are denoted as CT, T1, T2, and T3, respectively. Utilizing a contemporary comprehensive biomarker response strategy, the study clarified the genomic influence of dietary herb inclusion. In response to bacterial infection, the immunogenic genes, STAT 1 (signal transducer and activator of transcription 1), ISG 15 (interferon stimulating gene), and Mx "myxovirus resistance gene", were shown to be elevated. The results of densitometry demonstrated a dose-dependent increase in STAT 1 and ISG 15, with Mx exhibiting maximal values at 1 g/kg TABP (Terminalia arjuna bark powder-based feed). This is the first study to identify TABP as an immunomodulator in fish and established the IBR (Integrated Bio-marker Response) as a reliable marker in evaluating the impact of multiple drivers in a holistic manner. Thus, the present study cleared the path for TABP to be utilized as an effective feed additive which enhances the specific adaptive immune system of the fish for the production of the Green fish product for a sustainable circular bioeconomy.
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Bai Y, Liao Y, Song Y, Wang J, Deng X, Luan L, An N, Zhou W, Liang T, Yang Y, Li X. Dietary yeast culture alleviates intestinal-hepatic damage related to TLR2-MyD88-NF-κB signaling pathway and antioxidant capability in Pseudobagrus ussuriensis. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2022; 130:428-435. [PMID: 36176225 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2022.09.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2022] [Revised: 09/11/2022] [Accepted: 09/15/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Yeast culture (YC), as a member of probiotics family is a natural product produced from yeast fermentation, affects of improving immunity. However, the intestine and liver injury and immunosuppression mechanism caused by SBA in fish are unclear and more functions of YC supplement in the diet need to be developed. Soybean agglutinin (SBA) is an anti-nutritional factor in soybean and leads to growth-inhibitory effect in feeding of the high proportion of soybean meal replacing fish meal (FM). Therefore, one hundred and thirty-five Pseudobagrus ussuriensis (6.5 ± 0.27 g) were randomly selected and divided into three groups (Control, SBA and YC+SBA groups). For the model, fish were fed with 2% YC for 8 weeks and then given intragastric administration of 0.2-mL SBA solution for 20 days. The results showed that SBA damaged the immune and antioxidant capacity, causing an inflammatory reaction, leading to abnormal expression of cytokines in the intestine and liver of Pseudobagrus ussuriensis. YC could effectively attenuate intestinal and liver damage and downregulate the TLR2/MyD88/NF-κB signaling pathway and suppress oxidative stress in Pseudobagrus ussuriensis. Besides, YC had obvious immune advantage, which could improve the immune ability. In summary, these results showed that YC could reduce immunosuppression and intestinal-liver injury by inhibiting the TLR2/MyD88/NF-κB signal pathway and oxidative stress induced by SBA. This study provided some explanations for the problems of fish diet caused by anti-nutritional factors from soybean meal and provided a theoretical basis for the function development of YC in aquaculture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yichen Bai
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, PR China
| | - Yilu Liao
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, PR China
| | - Yingying Song
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, PR China
| | - Jiahao Wang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, PR China
| | - Xiangyi Deng
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, PR China
| | - Liuyang Luan
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, PR China
| | - Ning An
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, PR China
| | - Wenhao Zhou
- Beijing Enhalor Institute of Biotechnology, Beijing, 100081, PR China
| | - Tingyin Liang
- Beijing Enhalor Institute of Biotechnology, Beijing, 100081, PR China
| | - Yuhong Yang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, PR China.
| | - Xiaojing Li
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, PR China.
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Jahanbakhshi A, Pourmozaffar S, Adeshina I, Vayghan AH, Reverter M. Effect of garlic (Allium sativum) extract on growth, enzymological and biochemical responses and immune-related gene expressions in giant freshwater prawn (Macrobrachium rosenbergii). J Anim Physiol Anim Nutr (Berl) 2022; 106:947-956. [PMID: 35436379 DOI: 10.1111/jpn.13718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2021] [Revised: 03/18/2022] [Accepted: 03/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
In the current study, growth performance, biochemical constituents of muscle, activities of enzymes in the haemolymph, and expressions of immune-related genes were evaluated in the giant freshwater prawns Macrobrachium rosenbergii fed diets supplemented with aqueous garlic (Allium sativum) extract at 0, 5, 10 and 20 g/kg (w/w) for 60 days. At the end of the feeding trial, weight gain and specific growth rate were significantly improved in garlic-fed prawn groups compared with the control (p < 0.05). Moreover, feed conversion ratio was significantly lower in the garlic-fed groups than in the control (p < 0.05). Activities of catalase, superoxide dismutase and glutathione peroxidase in the hepatopancreas, activities of alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase and levels of albumin and total protein in the hemolymph were significantly increased in the garlic treatments (p < 0.05). Furthermore, garlic supplemented diets improved muscle biochemical profiles, particularly contents of crude protein and total ash and upregulations of immune deficiency and heat shock proteins (HSP70) gene expression (p < 0.05). Therefore, garlic has positive effects on growth performance and physio-biochemical responses of M. rosenbergii, and thus, it can be used as an additive for stress resistance and as a growth promoter in sustainable aquaculture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdolreza Jahanbakhshi
- Offshore Fisheries Research Center, Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute (IFSRI), Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Chabahar, Iran
| | - Sajjad Pourmozaffar
- Persian Gulf Mollusks Research Station, Persian Gulf and Oman Sea Ecology Research Center, Iranian Fisheries Sciences Research Institute, Agricultural Research Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Bandar-e-Lengeh, Iran
| | - Ibrahim Adeshina
- Department of Aquaculture and Fisheries, University of Ilorin, Ilorin, Nigeria
| | - Ali Haghi Vayghan
- Department of Ecology & Aquatic Stocks Management, Artemia & Aquaculture Research Institute, Urmia University, Urmia, Iran
| | - Miriam Reverter
- School of Biological and Marine Sciences, Plymouth University, Drake Circus, UK
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Liu Y, Lu Q, Xi L, Gong Y, Su J, Han D, Zhang Z, Liu H, Jin J, Yang Y, Zhu X, Xie S. Effects of Replacement of Dietary Fishmeal by Cottonseed Protein Concentrate on Growth Performance, Liver Health, and Intestinal Histology of Largemouth Bass ( Micropterus salmoides). Front Physiol 2022; 12:764987. [PMID: 34992547 PMCID: PMC8724133 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2021.764987] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2021] [Accepted: 11/25/2021] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
An 8-week feeding trial was conducted to explore the effects of replacement of dietary fishmeal by cottonseed protein concentrate (CPC) on growth performance, liver health, and intestine histology of largemouth bass. Four isoproteic and isolipidic diets were formulated to include 0, 111, 222, and 333 g/kg of CPC, corresponding to replace 0% (D1), 25% (D2), 50% (D3), and 75% (D4) of fishmeal. Two hundred and forty largemouth bass (15.11 ± 0.02 g) were randomly divided into four groups with three replicates per group. During the experiment, fish were fed to apparent satiation twice daily. Results indicated that CPC could replace up to 50% fishmeal in a diet for largemouth bass without significant adverse effects on growth performance. However, weight gain rate (WGR), specific growth rate (SGR), feed efficiency (FE), and condition factor (K) of the largemouth bass were significantly decreased when 75% of dietary fishmeal that was replaced by CPC. The whole body lipid content was increased with the increasing of dietary CPC levels. Oil red O staining results indicated that fish fed the D4 diet showed an aggravated fat deposition in the liver. Hepatocytes exhibited serious degeneration, volume shrinkage, and inflammatory cells infiltration in the D4 group. Intestinal villi appeared shorter and sparse with severe epithelial damage in the D4 group. The transcription levels of anti-inflammatory cytokines, such as transforming growth factor β (tgf-β), interleukin 10 (il-10), and interleukin 11 β (il-11β), were downregulated in the D4 group. The lipid metabolism-related genes carnitine palmitoyl transferase 1 (cpt1), peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor α (pparα), and target of rapamycin (TOR) pathway were also significantly downregulated in the D4 group. It was concluded that suitable replacement of fishmeal by less than 222 g CPC/kg diet had a positive effect on growth performance of fish, but an excessive substitution of 75% fishmeal by CPC would lead to the suppressed growth, liver inflammation, and intestinal damage of largemouth bass.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yulong Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China.,College of Advanced Agricultural Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Qisheng Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China.,College of Advanced Agricultural Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Longwei Xi
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China.,College of Advanced Agricultural Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yulong Gong
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China.,College of Advanced Agricultural Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jingzhi Su
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China.,College of Advanced Agricultural Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Dong Han
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China.,College of Advanced Agricultural Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.,Hubei Engineering Research Center for Aquatic Animal Nutrition and Feed, Wuhan, China
| | - Zhimin Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Haokun Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Junyan Jin
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Yunxia Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Xiaoming Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Shouqi Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China.,College of Advanced Agricultural Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.,The Innovative Academy of Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
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Ghafarifarsani H, Hoseinifar SH, Talebi M, Yousefi M, Van Doan H, Rufchaei R, Paolucci M. Combined and Singular Effects of Ethanolic Extract of Persian Shallot ( Allium hirtifolium Boiss) and Synbiotic Biomin ®IMBO on Growth Performance, Serum- and Mucus-Immune Parameters and Antioxidant Defense in Zebrafish ( Danio rerio). Animals (Basel) 2021; 11:ani11102995. [PMID: 34680014 PMCID: PMC8532822 DOI: 10.3390/ani11102995] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2021] [Revised: 09/20/2021] [Accepted: 10/09/2021] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary The present study investigated the effect of combined and singular ethanolic extract of Persian shallot and synbiotic Bomin®IMBO in zebrafish. The aim of this study is to measure a range of parameters consisting of growth performance, serum and mucus immune parameters, and antioxidant defense. The results indicated that the measured parameters have a positive effect and hence we can suggest administration of these additives in zebrafish culture. Abstract This study was carried out to evaluate combined and singular effects of ethanolic extract of Persian shallot (Allium hirtifolium Boiss) and synbiotic Biomin®IMBO on growth performance, innate immune responses, and antioxidant defense in zebrafish (Danio rerio). Fish with initial weight of 151.90 ± 0.31 mg were allocated in 21 10-L glass aquariums. The experimental groups were as follows: T1, control (without any supplementation); T2, 1% synbiotic; T3, 3% synbiotic; T4, 1% Persian shallot (as a medical plant); T5, 3% Persian shallot; T6, 1% Persian shallot and 1% synbiotic; T7, 3% Persian shallot and 3% synbiotic. At the end of the experiment (60 days), all treatments significantly showed higher final weight (FW), weight gain (WG), WG (%), and specific growth rate (SGR) compared with the fish fed on control diet. Furthermore, both synbiotic Biomin®IMBO and Persian shallot significantly improved intestine immune parameters including lysozyme, alternative complement hemolytic activity (ACH50), total immunoglobulin (total Ig), and myeloperoxidase (MPO) of zebrafish compared to fish fed on control diet (p < 0.05). Also, in all experimental groups, hepatic catalase (CAT), superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), and glutathione reductase (GR) activities significantly increased compared to the control group. Whereas, the highest MDA level was observed in the control group compared to the treatments (p < 0.05). Moreover, skin mucus immune parameters of zebrafish have been noticeably improved with synbiotic Biomin®IMBO and Persian shallot compared to fish fed on the control diet (p < 0.05). The results indicate that synbiotic or Persian shallot supplemented diet could enhance the general health status of the zebrafish.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hamed Ghafarifarsani
- Department of Fisheries, Faculty of Natural Resources, Urmia University, Urmia 5756151818, Iran;
| | - Seyed Hossein Hoseinifar
- Department of Fisheries, Faculty of Fisheries and Environmental Sciences, Gorgan University of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources, Gorgan 4918943464, Iran;
| | - Maedeh Talebi
- Fishery Group, Department of Natural Resources, Islamic Azad University (Lahijan Branch), Lahijan 1477893855, Iran;
| | - Morteza Yousefi
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Peoples’ Friendship University of Russia (RUDN University), 6 Miklukho-Maklaya St., 117198 Moscow, Russia;
| | - Hien Van Doan
- Department of Animal and Aquatic Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
- Science and Technology Research Institute, Chiang Mai University, 239 Huay Keaw Rd., Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
- Correspondence:
| | - Rudabeh Rufchaei
- Inland Water Aquaculture Research Centre, Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute (IFSIR), Agricultural Research Education and Extension Organization (ARREO), Bandar-e Anzali 4314166976, Iran;
| | - Marina Paolucci
- Department of Sciences and Technologies, University of Sannio, 82100 Benevento, Italy;
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Firmino JP, Galindo-Villegas J, Reyes-López FE, Gisbert E. Phytogenic Bioactive Compounds Shape Fish Mucosal Immunity. Front Immunol 2021; 12:695973. [PMID: 34220858 PMCID: PMC8252966 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.695973] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2021] [Accepted: 05/31/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Aquaculture growth will unavoidably involve the implementation of innovative and sustainable production strategies, being functional feeds among the most promising ones. A wide spectrum of phytogenics, particularly those containing terpenes and organosulfur compounds, are increasingly studied in aquafeeds, due to their growth promoting, antimicrobial, immunostimulant, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and sedative properties. This trend relies on the importance of the mucosal barrier in the fish defense. Establishing the phytogenics' mode of action in mucosal tissues is of importance for further use and safe administration. Although the impact of phytogenics upon fish mucosal immunity has been extensively approached, most of the studies fail in addressing the mechanisms underlying their pharmacological effects. Unstandardized testing as an extended practice also questions the reproducibility and safety of such studies, limiting the use of phytogenics at commercial scale. The information presented herein provides insight on the fish mucosal immune responses to phytogenics, suggesting their mode of action, and ultimately encouraging the practice of reliable and reproducible research for novel feed additives for aquafeeds. For proper screening, characterization and optimization of their mode of action, we encourage the evaluation of purified compounds using in vitro systems before moving forward to in vivo trials. The formulation of additives with combinations of compounds previously characterized is recommended to avoid bacterial resistance. To improve the delivery of phytogenics and overcome limitations associated to compounds volatility and susceptibility to degradation, the use of encapsulation is advisable. Besides, newer approaches and dedicated methodologies are needed to elucidate the phytogenics pharmacokinetics and mode of action in depth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joana P. Firmino
- Aquaculture Program, Institut de Recerca i Tecnologia Agroalimentàries (IRTA) Centre de Sant Carles de la Ràpita (IRTA-SCR), Sant Carles de la Ràpita, Spain
- PhD Program in Aquaculture, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Spain
- R&D Technical Department, TECNOVIT – FARMFAES, S.L., Alforja, Spain
| | | | - Felipe E. Reyes-López
- Department of Cell Biology, Physiology and Immunology, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Spain
- Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Agronomía, Universidad de Las Américas, Santiago, Chile
- Consorcio Tecnológico de Sanidad Acuícola, Ictio Biotechnologies S.A., Santiago, Chile
| | - Enric Gisbert
- Aquaculture Program, Institut de Recerca i Tecnologia Agroalimentàries (IRTA) Centre de Sant Carles de la Ràpita (IRTA-SCR), Sant Carles de la Ràpita, Spain
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10
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Firmino JP, Fernández-Alacid L, Vallejos-Vidal E, Salomón R, Sanahuja I, Tort L, Ibarz A, Reyes-López FE, Gisbert E. Carvacrol, Thymol, and Garlic Essential Oil Promote Skin Innate Immunity in Gilthead Seabream ( Sparus aurata) Through the Multifactorial Modulation of the Secretory Pathway and Enhancement of Mucus Protective Capacity. Front Immunol 2021; 12:633621. [PMID: 33777020 PMCID: PMC7994269 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.633621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2020] [Accepted: 02/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
One of the main targets for the use of phytogenics in aquafeeds is the mucosal tissues as they constitute a physical and biochemical shield against environmental and pathogenic threats, comprising elements from both the innate and acquired immunity. In the present study, the modulation of the skin transcriptional immune response, the bacterial growth capacity in skin mucus, and the overall health condition of gilthead seabream (Sparus aurata) juveniles fed a dietary supplementation of garlic essential oil, carvacrol, and thymol were assessed. The enrichment analysis of the skin transcriptional profile of fish fed the phytogenic-supplemented diet revealed the regulation of genes associated to cellular components involved in the secretory pathway, suggesting the stimulation, and recruitment of phagocytic cells. Genes recognized by their involvement in non-specific immune response were also identified in the analysis. The promotion of the secretion of non-specific immune molecules into the skin mucus was proposed to be involved in the in vitro decreased growth capacity of pathogenic bacteria in the mucus of fish fed the phytogenic-supplemented diet. Although the mucus antioxidant capacity was not affected by the phytogenics supplementation, the regulation of genes coding for oxidative stress enzymes suggested the reduction of the skin oxidative stress. Additionally, the decreased levels of cortisol in mucus indicated a reduction in the fish allostatic load due to the properties of the tested additive. Altogether, the dietary garlic, carvacrol, and thymol appear to promote the gilthead seabream skin innate immunity and the mucus protective capacity, decreasing its susceptibility to be colonized by pathogenic bacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joana P Firmino
- IRTA, Centre de Sant Carles de la Ràpita (IRTA-SCR), Aquaculture Program, Sant Carles de la Ràpita, Spain.,TECNOVIT-FARMFAES, S.L. Pol. Ind. Les Sorts, Alforja, Spain.,Ph.D. Program in Aquaculture, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Spain
| | - Laura Fernández-Alacid
- Department of Cell Biology, Physiology and Immunology, Faculty of Biology, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Eva Vallejos-Vidal
- Departamento de Biología, Facultad de Química y Biología, Centro de Biotecnología Acuícola, Universidad de Santiago de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Ricardo Salomón
- IRTA, Centre de Sant Carles de la Ràpita (IRTA-SCR), Aquaculture Program, Sant Carles de la Ràpita, Spain.,Ph.D. Program in Aquaculture, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Spain
| | - Ignasi Sanahuja
- Department of Cell Biology, Physiology and Immunology, Faculty of Biology, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Lluis Tort
- Department of Cell Biology, Physiology and Immunology, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Spain
| | - Antoni Ibarz
- Department of Cell Biology, Physiology and Immunology, Faculty of Biology, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Felipe E Reyes-López
- Department of Cell Biology, Physiology and Immunology, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Spain.,Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Agronomía, Universidad de Las Américas, Santiago, Chile.,Consorcio Tecnológico de Sanidad Acuícola, Ictio Biotechnologies S.A., Santiago, Chile
| | - Enric Gisbert
- IRTA, Centre de Sant Carles de la Ràpita (IRTA-SCR), Aquaculture Program, Sant Carles de la Ràpita, Spain
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11
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Influence of Dietary Garlic ( Allium sativum) and/or Ascorbic Acid on Performance, Feed Utilization, Body Composition and Hemato-Biochemical Parameters of Juvenile Asian Sea Bass ( Lates calcarifer). Animals (Basel) 2020; 10:ani10122396. [PMID: 33333762 PMCID: PMC7765223 DOI: 10.3390/ani10122396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2020] [Revised: 11/27/2020] [Accepted: 12/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Ascorbic acid and garlic have been used in several studies as enhancers or promoters of growth performance and health conditions in mammalian species. However, few studies have been performed in fish. In this regard, this study aimed to evaluate the effects of garlic and/or ascorbic acid on growth performance, feed utilization, chemical body composition, and hemato-biochemical parameters of juvenile Asian sea bass. The results demonstrated that dietary supplementation of garlic alone (40 g/kg diet) was highly effective in improving the studied parameters in comparison with that of ascorbic acid alone or a mixture of garlic (20 g/kg diet) and ascorbic acid (0.75 g/kg diet). Abstract The current study investigated effects of garlic (Allium sativum) and/or ascorbic acid on growth performance, feed utilization, biochemical body composition, and hemato-biochemical parameters of juvenile Asian sea bass. A total of 600 fish (43.14 ± 0.23 g body weight) were divided into four groups. Fish in the first group were fed basal diet and served as a control group. Fish in groups 2, 3 and 4 were fed a basal diet mixed with garlic (40 g/kg diet), ascorbic acid (1.5 g/kg diet), or garlic (20 g/kg diet)/ascorbic acid (0.75 g/kg diet) mixture, respectively, for 12 weeks. A significant (p < 0.05) increase was observed in growth performance, feed utilization, and chemical body composition in fish fed garlic alone in comparison with the control and other treated groups. All hematological indices, biochemical parameters, and survival rate were not changed significantly (p > 0.05) in all groups throughout the experimental period when compared with the control. Total cholesterol and feed conversion ratio were significantly (p < 0.05) decreased in fish fed garlic alone in comparison to the control and other treated groups. Conclusively, dietary supplementation of garlic alone (40 g/kg diet) was highly effective in improving most of the studied parameters in comparison with that of ascorbic acid alone or a mixture of garlic (20 g/kg diet) and ascorbic acid (0.75 g/kg diet).
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Adorian TJ, Mombach PI, Fagundes MB, Wagner R, Pianesso D, Telles YB, Dalcin MO, da Silva LP. Linseed fibers modulate the production of short-chain fatty acids and improve performance and plasma and skin mucus parameters of silver catfish (Rhamdia quelen). FISH PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY 2020; 46:2355-2366. [PMID: 33009652 DOI: 10.1007/s10695-020-00885-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2020] [Accepted: 09/27/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
This study was conducted to evaluate the prebiotic action of distinct linseed fibers on diets for silver catfish (Rhamdia quelen) juvenile. For this, soluble and insoluble fractions of linseed fiber were concentrated separately and combined in four ratios (1:0.5, 1:1, 1:2, 1:4), which were added in diets and evaluated along with a control diet. After 45 days receiving the experimental diets, the animals were submitted to biometry for data collection and samples. The experimental design was completely randomized, data were submitted to analysis of variance, and the means were compared by Tukey's test (P < 0.05). Fish performance was higher for the group that received the 1:2 and 1:4 diets. The production of intestinal acetic acid was higher in fish fed on the 1:2 diet, and butyric acid was higher with 1:4 diet and the propionic acid with the control diet. The control diet led to lower counts of goblet cells. Total proteins and globulins in plasma, mucoprotein, total immunoglobulins, and cutaneous mucus pH were higher in fish fed on diets 1:2 and 1:4. Cortisol levels and intestinal pH were lower in these treatments. The linseed fiber intake increased total plasma immunoglobulins and plasma alkaline phosphatase activity and in mucus. It was concluded that the use of 1:2 and 1:4 soluble fiber/insoluble linseed in the diet beneficially modulates the production of short-chain fatty acids in the digesta, with reflection on growth performance, number of goblet cells in the intestinal epithelium, and improvement in plasma and skin mucus parameters of fish.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taida Juliana Adorian
- Department of Animal Science, Federal University of Santa Maria, Santa Maria, Rio Grande do Sul. AV. Roraima n° 1000, Cidade Universitária, Bairro Camobi, Santa Maria, RS, CEP: 97105-900, Brazil.
| | - Patrícia Inês Mombach
- Department of Animal Science, Federal University of Santa Maria, Santa Maria, Rio Grande do Sul. AV. Roraima n° 1000, Cidade Universitária, Bairro Camobi, Santa Maria, RS, CEP: 97105-900, Brazil
| | - Mariane Bittencourt Fagundes
- Department of Food and Science Technology, Federal University of Santa Maria, Santa Maria, Rio Grande do Sul. AV. Roraima n° 1000, Cidade Universitária, Bairro Camobi, Santa Maria, RS, CEP: 97105-900, Brazil
| | - Roger Wagner
- Department of Food and Science Technology, Federal University of Santa Maria, Santa Maria, Rio Grande do Sul. AV. Roraima n° 1000, Cidade Universitária, Bairro Camobi, Santa Maria, RS, CEP: 97105-900, Brazil
| | - Dirleise Pianesso
- Department of Animal Science, Federal University of Santa Maria, Santa Maria, Rio Grande do Sul. AV. Roraima n° 1000, Cidade Universitária, Bairro Camobi, Santa Maria, RS, CEP: 97105-900, Brazil
| | - Yuri Bohnenberger Telles
- Laboratory of Systematics, Entomology and Biogeography, Federal University of Santa Maria, Santa Maria, Rio Grande do Sul. AV. Roraima n° 1000, Cidade Universitária, Bairro Camobi, Santa Maria, RS, CEP: 97105-900, Brazil
| | - Marina Osmari Dalcin
- Department of Animal Science, Federal University of Santa Maria, Santa Maria, Rio Grande do Sul. AV. Roraima n° 1000, Cidade Universitária, Bairro Camobi, Santa Maria, RS, CEP: 97105-900, Brazil
| | - Leila Picolli da Silva
- Department of Animal Science, Federal University of Santa Maria, Santa Maria, Rio Grande do Sul. AV. Roraima n° 1000, Cidade Universitária, Bairro Camobi, Santa Maria, RS, CEP: 97105-900, Brazil
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13
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Paknejad H, Hosseini Shekarabi SP, Shamsaie Mehrgan M, Hajimoradloo A, Khorshidi Z, Rastegari S. Dietary peppermint (Mentha piperita) powder affects growth performance, hematological indices, skin mucosal immune parameters, and expression of growth and stress-related genes in Caspian roach (Rutilus caspicus). FISH PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY 2020; 46:1883-1895. [PMID: 32592128 DOI: 10.1007/s10695-020-00839-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2020] [Accepted: 06/16/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Peppermint is a popular herbal medicine due to its several pharmaceutical applications. In this study, peppermint powder was used as a feed additive to evaluate growth performance, hematological parameters, protein profile of skin mucus, and immune parameters, as well as growth hormone (GH), insulin-like growth factor (IGF), and 70 kDa heat shock protein (HSP70) gene expression in Caspian roach (Rutilus caspicus). The fingerlings (average weight of 2.40 ± 0.12 g) were fed with diet containing 0 (control), 2, 3, and 4 g/kg peppermint for 8 weeks. The addition of peppermint significantly enhanced the growth parameters and decreased the food conversion ratio. Hematological indices of fish fed with peppermint-supplemented diets were significantly different from the control group (P < 0.05). Soluble protein, alkaline phosphatase, and lysozyme enzyme activity in mucus samples showed an incremental trend by increasing the peppermint levels in the diet. Evaluation of mucosal immunity indicated a remarkable difference between the protein profile in treatments fed with peppermint-supplemented diets and the control group. A new protein band (approximately 27 kDa) was also found in the skin mucus of fish fed with the diet containing 4 g/kg peppermint, and the highest band density was observed in this treatment. The highest IGF and GH gene expression were observed in 4 g/kg peppermint treatment. There was a significant difference in HSP70 expression between the fish fed with peppermint powder and the control group (P < 0.05). Overall, the results showed that dietary oral administration of peppermint at 4 g/kg of feed can act as a growth promoter and immunostimulant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hammed Paknejad
- Department of Fisheries, Faculty of Fisheries and Environmental Sciences, Gorgan University of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources, Gorgan, Iran
| | | | - Mehdi Shamsaie Mehrgan
- Department of Fisheries Science, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Abdolmajid Hajimoradloo
- Department of Fisheries, Faculty of Fisheries and Environmental Sciences, Gorgan University of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources, Gorgan, Iran
| | - Zohre Khorshidi
- Department of Fisheries, Faculty of Fisheries and Environmental Sciences, Gorgan University of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources, Gorgan, Iran
| | - Soheila Rastegari
- Department of Fisheries, Faculty of Fisheries and Environmental Sciences, Gorgan University of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources, Gorgan, Iran
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14
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Wang C, Lu S, Li J, Wang L, Jiang H, Liu Y, Liu H, Han S, Yin J. Effects of dietary myo-inositol on growth, antioxidative capacity, and nonspecific immunity in skin mucus of taimen Hucho taimen fry. FISH PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY 2020; 46:1011-1018. [PMID: 31950318 DOI: 10.1007/s10695-020-00766-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2019] [Accepted: 01/10/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
In this study, the effects of dietary myo-inositol on the skin mucosal immunity and growth of taimen (Hucho taimen) fry were determined. Triplicate groups of 500 fish (initial weight 5.58 ± 0.15 g) were fed different diets containing graded levels of myo-inositol (28.75, 127.83, 343.83, 565.81, and 738.15 mg kg-1) until satiation for 56 days. Thereafter, the nonspecific skin mucus immune parameters, antioxidative capacity, and growth performance were measured. The skin mucus protein and the activities of alkaline phosphatase were significantly higher than those in the control group (P < 0.05). However, there were no significant differences in lysozyme activity among the treatments (P > 0.05). The antimicrobial activity and minimum inhibitory concentration of the skin mucus were increased significantly by myo-inositol supplementation (P < 0.05). The superoxide dismutase, catalase, and glutathione peroxidase activities were significantly elevated in the treatment groups (P < 0.05), whereas the malondialdehyde contents were significantly decreased (P < 0.05). Low-level myo-inositol (28.75 mg kg-1) led to a significantly lower weight gain, feed efficiency, condition factor, and survival rate compared with the other treatments (P < 0.05). In conclusion, dietary myo-inositol deficiency (28.75 mg kg-1) adversely affects the skin mucus immune parameters, antioxidative capacity, and growth performance of Hucho taimen fry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chang'an Wang
- Heilongjiang River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, 43, Songfa Street, Harbin, 150070, People's Republic of China
| | - Shaoxia Lu
- Heilongjiang River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, 43, Songfa Street, Harbin, 150070, People's Republic of China
| | - Jinnan Li
- Heilongjiang River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, 43, Songfa Street, Harbin, 150070, People's Republic of China
| | - Liansheng Wang
- Heilongjiang River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, 43, Songfa Street, Harbin, 150070, People's Republic of China
| | - Haibo Jiang
- College of Animal Science, Guizhou University, Guiyang, 550025, People's Republic of China
| | - Yang Liu
- Heilongjiang River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, 43, Songfa Street, Harbin, 150070, People's Republic of China
| | - Hongbai Liu
- Heilongjiang River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, 43, Songfa Street, Harbin, 150070, People's Republic of China.
| | - Shicheng Han
- Heilongjiang River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, 43, Songfa Street, Harbin, 150070, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiasheng Yin
- Heilongjiang River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, 43, Songfa Street, Harbin, 150070, People's Republic of China
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15
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Mohammadi G, Rafiee G, Abdelrahman HA. Effects of dietary Lactobacillus plantarum (KC426951) in biofloc and stagnant-renewal culture systems on growth performance, mucosal parameters, and serum innate responses of Nile tilapia Oreochromis niloticus. FISH PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY 2020; 46:1167-1181. [PMID: 32133574 DOI: 10.1007/s10695-020-00777-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2019] [Accepted: 02/20/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Effects of dietary Lactobacillus plantarum (KC426951) on growth and innate responses of Nile tilapia Oreochromis niloticus were evaluated in biofloc technology system and stagnant-renewal culture system (SRCS). The 90-day-long experiment contained four treatments: SRCS without probiotic (T1), SRCS with probiotic (T2), biofloc without probiotic (T3), and biofloc with probiotic (T4). The administration dose of probiotic was 2 × 108 CFU kg-1 diet. At the end of experiment, the mean final weights, specific growth rates, feed conversion ratios, and total biomass were significantly (P < 0.05) better in BFT treatments, with no significant effect of probiotic on these parameters in both culture systems. Meanwhile, skin mucosal parameters including total protein (TP), lysozyme (LYZ), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), and protease (PRO) activity were significantly enhanced following probiotic supplementation. T4 treatment displayed a significantly higher LYZ and ALP activity in mucus versus other treatments. Also, serum alternative complement activity was significantly heightened in probiotic-supplemented fish. Superoxide dismutase activity in T4 was detected higher than that of SRCS groups. The results of the current study demonstrated the enhancement of some mucosal and serum innate responses of Nile tilapia in both culture systems upon L. plantarum (KC426951) supplementation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ghasem Mohammadi
- Department of Fisheries Sciences, Faculty of Natural Resources, University of Tehran, Karaj, Iran.
| | - Gholamreza Rafiee
- Department of Fisheries Sciences, Faculty of Natural Resources, University of Tehran, Karaj, Iran.
| | - Hisham A Abdelrahman
- Department of Veterinary Hygiene and Management, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt
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16
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Serradell A, Torrecillas S, Makol A, Valdenegro V, Fernández-Montero A, Acosta F, Izquierdo MS, Montero D. Prebiotics and phytogenics functional additives in low fish meal and fish oil based diets for European sea bass (Dicentrarchus labrax): Effects on stress and immune responses. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2020; 100:219-229. [PMID: 32160965 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2020.03.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2020] [Revised: 03/06/2020] [Accepted: 03/07/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The use of terrestrial raw materials to replace fish meal (FM) and fish oil (FO) in marine fish diets may affect fish growth performance and health. In the last years functional additives have been profiled as good candidates to reduce the effects on health and disease resistance derived from this replacement, via reinforcement of the fish immune system. In the present study, three isoenergetic and isonitrogenous diets with low FM and FO (10% and 6% respectively) were tested based on supplementation either with 0.5% galactomannanoligosaccharides (GMOS diet) or 0.02% of a mixture of essential oils (PHYTO diet), a non-supplemented diet was defined as a control diet. Fish were fed the experimental diets in triplicate for 9 weeks and then they were subjected to a stress by confinement as a single challenge (C treatment) or combined with an experimental intestinal infection with Vibrio anguillarum (CI treatment). Along the challenge test, selected stress and immunological parameters were evaluated at 2, 24 and 168h after C or CI challenges. As stress indicators, circulating plasma cortisol and glucose concentrations were analyzed as well as the relative gene expression of cyp11b hydroxylase, hypoxia inducible factor, steroidogenic acute regulatory protein, heat shock protein 70 and heat shock protein 90 (cyp11b, hif-1α, StAR, hsp70 and hsp90). As immune markers, serum and skin mucus lysozyme, bactericidal and peroxidase activities were measured, as well as gene expression of Caspase-3 (casp-3) and interleukin 1β (il-1ß). The use of functional additives induced a significant (p < 0.05) reduction of circulating plasma cortisol concentration when confinement was the unique challenge test applied. Supplementation of PHYTO induced a down-regulation of cyp11b, hif-1α, casp-3 and il-1β gene expression 2h after stress test, whereas StAR expression was significantly (p < 0.05) up-regulated. However, when combination of confinement stress and infection was applied (CI treatment), the use of PHYTO significantly (p < 0.05) down-regulated StAR and casp-3 gene expression 2h after challenge test, denoting that PHYTO diet reinforced fish capacity of stress response via protection of head kidney leucocytes from stress-related apoptotic processes, with lower caspase-3 gene expression and a higher il-1β gene expression when an infection occurs. Additionally, dietary supplementation with GMOS and PHYTO compounds increased fish serum lysozyme after infection. Both functional additives entailed a better capability of the animals to cope with infection in European sea bass when fed low FM and FO diets.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Serradell
- Grupo de Investigación en Acuicultura (GIA), IU-ECOAQUA, Universidad de Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Crta. Taliarte S/n, Las Palmas, Canary Islands, 35214, Telde, Spain
| | - S Torrecillas
- Grupo de Investigación en Acuicultura (GIA), IU-ECOAQUA, Universidad de Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Crta. Taliarte S/n, Las Palmas, Canary Islands, 35214, Telde, Spain
| | - A Makol
- Delacon Biotechnik GmbH, Weissenwolffstrasse 14, 4221, Steyregg, Austria
| | - V Valdenegro
- Biomar A/S. BioMar AS, POB 1282 Sluppen, N-7462, Trondheim, Norway
| | - A Fernández-Montero
- Grupo de Investigación en Acuicultura (GIA), IU-ECOAQUA, Universidad de Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Crta. Taliarte S/n, Las Palmas, Canary Islands, 35214, Telde, Spain
| | - F Acosta
- Grupo de Investigación en Acuicultura (GIA), IU-ECOAQUA, Universidad de Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Crta. Taliarte S/n, Las Palmas, Canary Islands, 35214, Telde, Spain
| | - M S Izquierdo
- Grupo de Investigación en Acuicultura (GIA), IU-ECOAQUA, Universidad de Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Crta. Taliarte S/n, Las Palmas, Canary Islands, 35214, Telde, Spain
| | - D Montero
- Grupo de Investigación en Acuicultura (GIA), IU-ECOAQUA, Universidad de Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Crta. Taliarte S/n, Las Palmas, Canary Islands, 35214, Telde, Spain.
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17
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Ahmadniaye Motlagh H, Safari O, Selahvarzi Y, Baghalian A, Kia E. Non-specific immunity promotion in response to garlic extract supplemented diets in female Guppy (Poecilia reticulata). FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2020; 97:96-99. [PMID: 31841692 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2019.12.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2019] [Revised: 12/02/2019] [Accepted: 12/06/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
In the present study, the effect of aqueous garlic (Allium sativum) extract on skin mucus immune parameters of Poecilia reticulata was evaluated. A total of 240 P. reticulate juveniles, weighing 0.013 ± 0.001 g, were randomly stocked in 12 experimental glass tanks at a density of 30 fish per tank. The fish were fed with diets supplemented with garlic extract at the concentrations of 0, 0.10, 0.15, and 0.20 ml kg-1 of diet three times a day at a ratio of 2.5% of their body weight for 80 days. Results of the study showed that, lysozyme activity increased significantly in the skin mucus of garlic-treated Guppy (P < 0.05). Values of ACH50 significantly increased (P < 0.05) in fish by increasing concentration of garlic extract from 0 to 0.15 ml kg-1 in diet. ACH50 also showed a significant declining trend (P < 0.05) by increasing concentration of garlic extract from 0.15 to 0.20 ml kg-1. Total Ig content was enhanced significantly in 0.15 and 0.20 ml kg-1 treatments as well. ALP activity significantly increased in garlic-fed treatments compared to the control. Inclusion of garlic extract in diet was found to have no significant effect on final body weight and weight gain. Results revealed that, administration of 0.15 mL of garlic extract per kg feed is suggested to obtain optimal skin mucus immunity in P. reticulata.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Omid Safari
- Department of Fisheries, Natural Resources and Environment, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Yahya Selahvarzi
- Department of Horticulture Science, Agriculture, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Ali Baghalian
- Department of Fisheries, Natural Resources and Environment, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Elham Kia
- Department of Fisheries, Natural Resources and Environment, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran
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18
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Rashidian G, Kajbaf K, Prokić MD, Faggio C. Extract of common mallow (Malvae sylvestris) enhances growth, immunity, and resistance of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) fingerlings against Yersinia ruckeri infection. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2020; 96:254-261. [PMID: 31839587 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2019.12.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2019] [Revised: 12/01/2019] [Accepted: 12/09/2019] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
The dietary effects of a native medicinal plant from Iran, common mallow (Malvae sylvestris), was evaluated on growth performance, innate immune parameters, mucosal immune parameters, and resistance of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) against Yersinia ruckeri. Therefore, 360 fish (initial weight 10.42 ± 0.09 g) were randomly distributed into 12 fiberglass tanks. Experimental diets supplemented with 0 (as control- C), 1% (M1), 3% (M2) and 5% (M3) levels of M. sylvestris flowers extract were fed to the fish based on 3% of body weight for 8 weeks. At the terminal sampling, growth performance, liver and digestive enzymes activities, blood and mucosal immune responses were determined. Results showed that M2 and M3 had greater final weight, weight gain, SGR, survival rate and lower FCR; higher levels of total protein, albumin, globulin, and lower cortisol levels in comparison to control; 5% extract also lowered cholesterol and glucose levels as well as Lactate Dehydrogenase (LDH) activity. We reported higher values of hematocrit, hemoglobin, Mean Corpuscular Hemoglobin (MCH), Mean Corpuscular Volume (MCV), White Blood Cell (WBC), Red Blood Cell (RBC) and lymphocytes for treated groups. Innate immune responses (Alternative complement activity (ACH50) in M2 and M3 group, total Immunoglobulin (Ig) and lysozyme in M3), mucosal immune parameters (ACH50, total Ig for M2 and M3 group and lysozyme in all treated groups) were enhanced. Activities of digestive enzymes (protease in all treated groups, amylase for 3 and 5%, while lipase only for 5%) and lower activity of liver ALT enzyme in individuals treated with highest dose was observed. Overall results indicated that the extract can positively affect growth performance and immune responses of rainbow trout.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ghasem Rashidian
- Aquaculture Department, Faculty of Marine Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Noor, Iran
| | - Kimia Kajbaf
- Aquaculture Research Institute, Department of Animal and Veterinary Science, University of Idaho, Moscow, ID, 83844, USA
| | - Marko D Prokić
- Department of Physiology, Institute for Biological Research "Siniša Stanković"- National Institute of Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Caterina Faggio
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina Viale Ferdinando Stagno d'Alcontres, S. Agata, Messina, Italy.
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Vazirzadeh A, Jalali S, Farhadi A. Antibacterial activity of Oliveria decumbens against Streptococcus iniae in Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) and its effects on serum and mucosal immunity and antioxidant status. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2019; 94:407-416. [PMID: 31521784 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2019.09.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2019] [Revised: 08/21/2019] [Accepted: 09/12/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The aims of this study were to investigate the antibacterial, immunostimulatory and antioxidant properties of different derivatives of Oliveria decumbens, in vitro and in vivo. The GC-MS spectrometry analysis showed γ-terpinene as the most frequent compound in essential oil, whereas carvacrol and thymol were the most common ones in aromatic water. Plant essential oil and hydroethanolic extract showed a positive in vitro bactericidal activity against Streptococcus iniae as evaluated by disc diffusion, minimum inhibitory concentration and minimum bactericidal concentration methods. Also, in vivo resistance against S. iniae and immune and antioxidant responses of Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) were assayed after 60 days treatment with O. decumbens derivatives. Plant hydroethanolic extract and essential oil and their 1:1 combination were added to diet at 0 (negative control), 0.01, 0.1 and 1% (w:w). The plant aromatic water at doses of 0.0312, 0.0625 and 0.1250% were also used as bath treatment. The results showed that aromatic water at lowest dose was more effective than other treatments in increment of fish resistance against S. iniae (7.14% mortality in comparison with 50% mortalities in control fish) and modulation of post-challenge respiratory burst activity. The bactericidal activity and biochemical contents of skin mucus did not change significantly among treatments. The levels of superoxide dismutase and catalase antioxidant enzymes activities in spleen tissue were significantly higher in treatments received extract, essential oils and their combination in comparison to other groups, while treatments did not affect peroxidase level. In conclusion, administration of different derivatives of Oliveria decumbens showed remarkable antibacterial activity against streptococcosis and enhanced antioxidant status and post-challenge immunity in Nile tilapia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arya Vazirzadeh
- Department of Natural Resources and Environmental Engineering, School of Agriculture, Shiraz University, Shiraz, 71441-65186, Iran.
| | - Soheila Jalali
- Department of Natural Resources and Environmental Engineering, School of Agriculture, Shiraz University, Shiraz, 71441-65186, Iran
| | - Ahmad Farhadi
- Department of Natural Resources and Environmental Engineering, School of Agriculture, Shiraz University, Shiraz, 71441-65186, Iran
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20
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Gabriel NN, Wilhelm MR, Habte-Tsion HM, Chimwamurombe P, Omoregie E. Dietary garlic (Allium sativum) crude polysaccharides supplementation on growth, haematological parameters, whole body composition and survival at low water pH challenge in African catfish (Clarias gariepinus) juveniles. SCIENTIFIC AFRICAN 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.sciaf.2019.e00128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
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Giri SS, Sukumaran V, Park SC. Effects of bioactive substance from turmeric on growth, skin mucosal immunity and antioxidant factors in common carp, Cyprinus carpio. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2019; 92:612-620. [PMID: 31265909 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2019.06.053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2019] [Revised: 06/14/2019] [Accepted: 06/28/2019] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Present study evaluated the effects of curcumin, the principal curcuminoid of turmeric, on Cyprinus carpio growth, skin mucosal immune parameters, immune-related gene expression, and susceptibility to pathogen challenge. Diets containing four various concentrations of curcumin (g Kg-1): 0 g [basal diet], 5 g [T5], 10 g [T10], and 15 g [T15] were fed to the carp (average weight: 16.37 g) for 8 weeks. Growth parameters were analysed at 4 and 8 weeks post-feeding. Skin mucosal immune responses and expression were examined in 8 weeks post-feeding. Growth performance was significantly higher in T10 and T15, with final weight gain of 102.26 ± 2.31 g and specific growth rate of 3.24 ± 0.37, respectively. The lowest feed conversion ratio (2.35 ± 0.16) was recorded in T15 than in the control (P < 0.05). Among the skin mucosal immune parameters examined, lysozyme (36.8 ± 4.03 U mL-1), total immunoglobulin (6.74 ± 0.5 mg mL-1), protein level (18.7 ± 1.62 mg mL-1), alkaline phosphatase (96.37 ± 6.3 IU L-1), and protease activity (9.47 ± 0.82%) were significantly higher in T15, while the peroxidase activity was higher in T10 (10.24 ± 0.9 U mg-1 protein). Further, lysozyme, superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) activities were measured in serum and found to be higher in T10 or T15 than in the control (P < 0.05). However, malondialdehyde level decreased significantly in T10 and T15. Furthermore, antioxidant genes (SOD, CAT, nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2) and anti-inflammatory cytokine Interleukin-10 were upregulated in the head kidney, intestine, and hepatopancreas of fish in T10 and T15. Conversely, expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines (IL-1β, tumour necrosis factor-alpha), signalling molecule NF-κBp65 were down-regulated in the tested tissues of T10 and T15. Expression of Toll-like receptor 22 (TLR22) was down regulated in head-kidney and intestine of T15. Fish from T15 exhibited significantly higher relative post-challenge survival (69.70%) against Aeromonas hydrophila challenge. Results of the present study suggest that dietary supplements of curcumin at 15 g Kg-1can significantly improve the growth performance, skin mucosal and serum antioxidant parameters, and strengthen the immunity of C. carpio. Therefore, curcumin represents a promising food additive for carps in aquaculture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sib Sankar Giri
- Laboratory of Aquatic Biomedicine, College of Veterinary Medicine and Research Institute for Veterinary Science, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, South Korea.
| | - V Sukumaran
- Dept. of Zoology, Kundavai Nachiyar Government Arts College for Women (Autonomous), Thanjavur, 613007, Tamil Nadu, India.
| | - Se Chang Park
- Laboratory of Aquatic Biomedicine, College of Veterinary Medicine and Research Institute for Veterinary Science, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, South Korea.
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Nhu TQ, Bich Hang BT, Bach LT, Buu Hue BT, Quetin-Leclercq J, Scippo ML, Phuong NT, Kestemont P. Plant extract-based diets differently modulate immune responses and resistance to bacterial infection in striped catfish (Pangasianodon hypophthalmus). FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2019; 92:913-924. [PMID: 31306761 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2019.07.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2019] [Revised: 07/01/2019] [Accepted: 07/11/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
A feeding trial was performed to compare the effects of five ethanol herbal extracts (bhumi amla, Phyllanthus amarus Schum and Thonn [Pa]; guava, Psidium guajava L. [Pg]; sensitive plant, Mimosa pudica L. [Mp]; neem, Azadirachta indica A. Juss [Ai] and asthma plant, Euphorbia hirta L. [Eh]) on the immune response and disease resistance against Edwardsiella ictaluri infection of striped catfish (Pangasianodon hypophthalmus). Fish were fed diets supplemented with two doses of each plant extract (0% [basal diet], 0.4% Eh [Eh0.4], 2.0% Eh [Eh2.0], 0.2% Pa [Pa0.2], 1.0% Pa [Pa1.0], 0.2% Pg [Pg0.2], 1.0% Pg [Pg1.0], 0.4% Mp [Mp0.4], 2.0% Mp [Mp2.0], 0.4% Ai [Ai0.4], 2.0% Ai [Ai2.0]) for 8 weeks. Results showed that hematological parameters (total red blood cells, white blood cells, lymphocytes, monocytes, and neutrophils) of fish fed extract-based diets were significantly higher than in those fed the control diet (p < 0.05) after 4 and 8 weeks. Plasma lysozyme activity increased in fish whose diets contained both doses of Eh (p < 0.05) in week 4 (W4), whereas lysozyme activity increased in fish fed 0.2% Pa and Pg, and 2.0% Ai and Eh (p < 0.05) in week 8 (W8). The lysozyme levels in skin mucus did not significantly differ between treatments (p > 0.05) in W4 and after the bacterial challenge test. At the end of the feeding trial, levels of ACH50 significantly increased in most of extract groups compared to the control group (p < 0.05). Total immunoglobulin increased considerably in both the plasma and skin mucus of fish fed extract-supplemented diets after 8 weeks. In addition, dietary supplementation with Pg, Mp, Pa0.2, Eh2.0, and Ai0.4 for 8 weeks considerably reduced the cumulative mortality against E. ictaluri infection in striped catfish. The results suggest that plant extracts possibly modulate the striped catfish immune response in a time and dose dependent manner. Specifically, diets enriched with extracts of P. guajava at 0.2 and 1.0%, or M. pudica at 2.0% for 8 weeks, have great potential for improving striped catfish health by enhancing the immune system and reducing mortality against bacterial challenges.
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Affiliation(s)
- Truong Quynh Nhu
- Research Unit in Environmental and Evolutionary Biology, Institute of Life, Earth & Environment (ILEE), University of Namur (UNamur), Rue de Bruxelles 61, B-5000, Namur, Belgium; College of Aquaculture and Fisheries, Cantho University, Campus II, Cantho City, Viet Nam.
| | - Bui Thi Bich Hang
- College of Aquaculture and Fisheries, Cantho University, Campus II, Cantho City, Viet Nam.
| | - Le Thi Bach
- College of Natural Sciences, Cantho University, Campus II, Cantho City, Viet Nam.
| | - Bui Thi Buu Hue
- College of Natural Sciences, Cantho University, Campus II, Cantho City, Viet Nam.
| | - Joëlle Quetin-Leclercq
- Pharmacognosy Research Group, Louvain Drug Research Institute, Université Catholique de Louvain, Avenue E. Mounier, 72 Bte B1. 72.03, Brussels, Belgium.
| | - Marie-Louise Scippo
- Department of Food Sciences, Laboratory of Food Analysis, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Fundamental and Applied Research for Animals & Health (FARAH), Veterinary Public Health, University of Liège, Bât. B43bis, 10 Avenue de Cureghem, Sart-Tilman, Liège, Belgium.
| | - Nguyen Thanh Phuong
- College of Aquaculture and Fisheries, Cantho University, Campus II, Cantho City, Viet Nam.
| | - Patrick Kestemont
- Research Unit in Environmental and Evolutionary Biology, Institute of Life, Earth & Environment (ILEE), University of Namur (UNamur), Rue de Bruxelles 61, B-5000, Namur, Belgium.
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Lallès JP. Biology, environmental and nutritional modulation of skin mucus alkaline phosphatase in fish: A review. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2019; 89:179-186. [PMID: 30928666 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2019.03.053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2019] [Revised: 03/15/2019] [Accepted: 03/25/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Alkaline phosphatase (AP) is a major, recently recognized component of innate immunity. The intestinal AP (IAP) isoform plays a pivotal role in controlling gastrointestinal and systemic inflammation in terrestrial mammals. This is so essentially through detoxification (by dephosphorylation) of proinflammatory microbial components that can no longer be recognized by so-called toll-like receptors, thus preventing cellular inflammatory cascade activation. A unique feature of fish is the presence of AP in skin and epidermal mucus (skin mucus AP) but its actual functions and underlying mechanisms of action are presently unknown. Here, we gather and analyse knowledge available on skin mucus AP in order to provide a holistic view of this important protective enzyme. Our main conclusions are that skin mucus AP is responsive to biotic and abiotic factors, including nutrients and bioactive feed components, prebiotics and probiotics. Importantly, both skin mucus AP and IAP appear to correlate, thus raising the interesting possibility that skin mucus AP be used as a proxy for IAP in future nutritional studies. Blood serum AP also seems to correlate with skin mucus AP, though biological interpretation for such relationship is presently unknown. Finally, the precise isoform/s of AP present in skin should be identified and underlying molecular mechanisms of skin mucus AP actions deciphered.
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Bu X, Lian X, Wang Y, Luo C, Tao S, Liao Y, Yang J, Chen A, Yang Y. Dietary yeast culture modulates immune response related to TLR2-MyD88-NF-kβ signaling pathway, antioxidant capability and disease resistance against Aeromonas hydrophila for Ussuri catfish (Pseudobagrus ussuriensis). FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2019; 84:711-718. [PMID: 30359752 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2018.10.049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2018] [Revised: 10/09/2018] [Accepted: 10/20/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to investigate effects of dietary yeast culture on immune response related to TLR2-MyD88-NF-kβ signaling pathway, antioxidant capability and disease resistance against Aeromonas hydrophila for Ussuri catfish (Pseudobagrus ussuriensis). A total of 240 Ussuri catfish (mean weight of 7.39 ± 0.32 g) were randomly distributed into four groups that fed diets containing 0 (Y0), 10 (Y1), 20 (Y2) and 30 (Y3) g kg-1 yeast culture for 8 weeks. The results indicated that dietary 10 g kg-1 yeast culture supplementation significantly down-regulated mRNA levels of TLR2, MyD88, NF-kβ p65, IL-1β and IL-8 in the liver tissue compared with the control group (P < 0.05). Simultaneously, serum lysozyme (LZM) activity, respiratory burst activity (RBA) of phagocytes, plasma alkaline phosphatase (AKP) activity and immunoglobulin M (IgM) content were significantly improved in fish fed Y1 diet (P < 0.05). Fish fed Y1 diet had significantly higher serum alternative complement pathway activity (ACH50) and plasma complement 3 (C3) content than the Y3 group (P < 0.05). However, no significant differences were observed in plasma acid phosphatase (ACP) activity and complement 4 (C4) content among the groups (P > 0.05). Fish cumulative mortality rate (CMR) in the Y1 and Y2 groups were significantly lower than that in Y0 and Y3 groups (P < 0.05), and the lowest CMR was observed in the Y1 group after challenge by A. hydrophila. The highest hepatic superoxide dismutase and glutathione peroxidase activities, total antioxidant capacity and the lowest malondialdehyde content were found in Y1 group, but no significant difference was found in hepatic catalase activity among the groups (P > 0.05). These results demonstrate that dietary 10 g kg-1 yeast culture could effectively improve the immunity, antioxidant capability and disease resistance against A. hydrophila for Ussuri catfish and could down-regulate the mRNA expression levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines modulated by TLR2-MyD88-NF-kβ signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xianyong Bu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, PR China
| | - Xuqiu Lian
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, PR China
| | - Yi Wang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, PR China
| | - Chengzeng Luo
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, PR China
| | - Shengqiang Tao
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, PR China
| | - Yilu Liao
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, PR China
| | - Jiaming Yang
- Harbin Jiaming Fisheries Technology Co., Ltd., Harbin, 150030, PR China
| | - Aijing Chen
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, PR China.
| | - Yuhong Yang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, PR China.
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Öz M. Effects of garlic (Allium sativum) supplemented fish diet on sensory, chemical and microbiological properties of rainbow trout during storage at −18 °C. Lebensm Wiss Technol 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lwt.2018.02.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Guardiola FA, Bahi A, Jiménez-Monreal AM, Martínez-Tomé M, Murcia MA, Esteban MA. Dietary administration effects of fenugreek seeds on skin mucosal antioxidant and immunity status of gilthead seabream (Sparus aurata L.). FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2018; 75:357-364. [PMID: 29462748 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2018.02.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2017] [Revised: 02/05/2018] [Accepted: 02/13/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Improving fish defense through the preventive administration of immunostimulants has an important role in controlling the outbreak of the disease in aquaculture. As a continuity of our previous studies, this paper describes the effects of dietary fenugreek (Trigonella foenum graecum) seeds on the skin mucosal antioxidant status and immune response of gilthead seabream (Sparus aurata L.). Fish were fed with four experimental diets: one a basal diet (control) and three diets with powdered fenugreek seeds incorporated in the fish feed at 1%, 5%, and 10%. After eight weeks of feeding, free radicals scavenging and antioxidant assays were assessed in skin mucus by measuring the peroxidation of phospholipid liposomes, hydroxyl radical and hydrogen peroxide scavenging, measurement of total antioxidant activity and the determination of antioxidant activity in a linoleic acid system. The skin mucosal immune response was evaluated by measuring the IgM levels and some enzymatic activities (peroxidase, antiprotease, protease, esterase, and ceruloplasmin). Our results demonstrated that fenugreek inclusion improved the hydroxyl radical scavenging capacity and conferred very high antioxidant activity. Besides, only the highest supplementation level (10%) was able to augment the peroxidase and protease activities confronted by a general decrement in the antiprotease activity in the experimental fed groups with 1% and 10%. These results suggest that the dietary administration of fenugreek at the higher inclusion dose enhances the skin mucosal immunity response and the antioxidant status of gilthead seabream a species with one of the highest rates of production in marine aquaculture.
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Affiliation(s)
- F A Guardiola
- Centro Interdisciplinar de Investigação Marinha e Ambiental (CIIMAR), University of Porto, Terminal de Cruzeiros Do Porto de Leixões, Av. General Norton de Matos s/n, 4450-208, Porto, Portugal; Department of Cell Biology and Histology, Faculty of Biology, Campus Regional de Excelencia Internacional "Campus Mare Nostrum", University of Murcia, 30100 Murcia, Spain.
| | - A Bahi
- Department of Cell Biology and Histology, Faculty of Biology, Campus Regional de Excelencia Internacional "Campus Mare Nostrum", University of Murcia, 30100 Murcia, Spain
| | - A M Jiménez-Monreal
- Department of Food Science, Faculty of Veterinary, Regional Campus of International Excellence "Campus Mare Nostrum", University of Murcia, Murcia, Spain; CIBEROBN (CB12/03/30038 Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Madrid, Spain
| | - M Martínez-Tomé
- Department of Food Science, Faculty of Veterinary, Regional Campus of International Excellence "Campus Mare Nostrum", University of Murcia, Murcia, Spain; CIBEROBN (CB12/03/30038 Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Madrid, Spain
| | - M A Murcia
- Department of Food Science, Faculty of Veterinary, Regional Campus of International Excellence "Campus Mare Nostrum", University of Murcia, Murcia, Spain; CIBEROBN (CB12/03/30038 Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Madrid, Spain
| | - M A Esteban
- Department of Cell Biology and Histology, Faculty of Biology, Campus Regional de Excelencia Internacional "Campus Mare Nostrum", University of Murcia, 30100 Murcia, Spain.
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Awad E, Awaad A. Role of medicinal plants on growth performance and immune status in fish. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2017; 67:40-54. [PMID: 28526570 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2017.05.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 126] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2017] [Revised: 05/07/2017] [Accepted: 05/14/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Disease outbreaks increase proportionally with increases in intensive aquaculture. Natural products including medicinal plants have been known from thousands of years for treating some human diseases. It is well known that many active compounds are responsible for potential bio-activities. For that reason, there has been considerable interest in the use of medicinal plants in aquaculture with a view to providing safe and eco-friendly compounds for replacing antibiotics and chemical compounds as well as to enhance immune status and control fish diseases. This article describes a wide range of medicinal plants such as herbs, seeds, and spices with different forms such as crude, extracts, mixed and active compounds, used as immunostimulants and resulting in a marked enhancement in the immune system of fish to prevent and control microbial diseases. Moreover, different activity was recorded from plant parts like seeds, roots, flowers and leaves. The mode of action of medicinal plants was stimulation of the cellular and humoral immune response which was monitored through elevation in immune parameters. Various levels of immune stimulation have been shown by medicinal plants at different concentrations through injection or immersion or oral administration. However, it is critically important to determine the optimal dose to enhance the immune system of fish and avoid the risk of immunosuppression. Some medicinal plants have been used to replace the protein in fishmeal as a cheap source of protein and proved to be efficient in this respect. Medicinal plants can act as a growth promoter and immunomodulator at the same time. Further investigations should be carried out to examine the influence of those plants on fish health (including physiological and histological parameters) as a preliminary step for use in large scale in aquaculture. The current review describes the role of medicinal plants and their derivatives on innate and adaptive immune status as well as growth performance in fish.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elham Awad
- Department of Hydrobiology, National Research Center, Cairo, Egypt.
| | - Amani Awaad
- Pharmacognosy Department, College of Pharmacy, Salman Bin Abdulaziz University, Al-Kharj, Saudi Arabia
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Guardiola FA, Bahi A, Bakhrouf A, Esteban MA. Effects of dietary supplementation with fenugreek seeds, alone or in combination with probiotics, on gilthead seabream (Sparus aurata L.) skin mucosal immunity. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2017; 65:169-178. [PMID: 28433714 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2017.04.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2016] [Revised: 03/15/2017] [Accepted: 04/18/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Despite increasing interest in modulating the immune response of fish, providing a combination of probiotics and herbal immunostimulants in aquafeed has rarely has been studied. The effects on gilthead seabream (Sparus aurata L.) of the dietary administration of fenugreek (Trigonella foenum graecum) seeds alone (FE), or combined with one of the following probiotic strains: Bacillus licheniformis (FEBL), Lactobacillus plantarum (FELP) or Bacillus subtilis (FEBS) were evaluated. Fish were fed a control or one of the supplemented diets for 3 weeks. After 2 and 3 weeks of the feeding trial, the abundance of terminal carbohydrates, IgM levels, enzymatic activities (proteases, alkaline phosphatase, esterase and ceruloplasmin) and bactericidal activity were determined in skin mucus. Our results demonstrated that the dietary administration of FE in combination with L. plantarum, particularly, increased carbohydrate abundance, the activity of certain enzymes such as ceruloplasmin, and bactericidal activity against the pathogenic bacterium Photobacterium damselae and the non-pathogenic bacterium B. subtilis in skin mucus at the end of the trial. The carbohydrates most affected by the FELP diet were mannose/glucose, N-acetyl-d-galactosamine and N-acetyl-β-d-glucosamine. Interestingly, IgM levels were significantly higher in fish fed the FELP and FEBS diets whilst protease activity generally increased in all supplemented diets, which could suggests that the main effect in this activity was to the result of FE supplementation although that fact cannot be confirmed because the effects of probiotics addition alone were not studied. These results suggest that the combined dietary administration of fenugreek and L. plantarum will best enhance the skin mucosal immunity response of gilthead seabream.
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Affiliation(s)
- F A Guardiola
- Fish Innate Immune System Group, Department of Cell Biology and Histology, Faculty of Biology, Campus Regional de Excelencia Internacional "Campus Mare Nostrum", University of Murcia, 30100 Murcia, Spain; Fish Nutrition & Immunobiology Group, Centro Interdisciplinar de Investigação Marinha e Ambiental (CIIMAR), University of Porto, Terminal de Cruzeiros do Porto de Leixões, Av. General Norton de Matos s/n, 4450-208, Porto, Portugal
| | - A Bahi
- Laboratory of Analysis, Treatment and Valorization of Pollutants of the Environment and Products, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Monastir, Tunisia
| | - A Bakhrouf
- Laboratory of Analysis, Treatment and Valorization of Pollutants of the Environment and Products, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Monastir, Tunisia
| | - M A Esteban
- Fish Innate Immune System Group, Department of Cell Biology and Histology, Faculty of Biology, Campus Regional de Excelencia Internacional "Campus Mare Nostrum", University of Murcia, 30100 Murcia, Spain.
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Mansouri Taee H, Hajimoradloo A, Hoseinifar SH, Ahmadvand H. Dietary Myrtle (Myrtus communis L.) improved non-specific immune parameters and bactericidal activity of skin mucus in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) fingerlings. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2017; 64:320-324. [PMID: 28330807 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2017.03.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2017] [Revised: 03/15/2017] [Accepted: 03/17/2017] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
The present study examined the effects of dietary Myrtle (Myrtus communis L.) on non-specific immune parameters and bactericidal activity of skin mucus in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) fingerlings. Three hundred and sixty fingerlings (6.50 ± 0.55 g (were distributed in twelve cages (65 × 65 × 65 cm) with a metal framework. The study included four treatments repeated in triplicates. The treatments were feeding trouts with experimental diets containing different levels (0, 0.5, 1 and 1.5%) of Myrtle powder. The fingerlings were fed on experimental diet for sixty days and then skin mucus non-specific immune parameters as well as bactericidal activity were measured. At the end of the trial, the highest skin mucus soluble protein level was observed in group fed with 1.5% Myrtle (P < 0.05). The alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity was significantly increased in fish groups fed 1 and 1.5% Myrtle compared with the control group (P < 0.05). However, evaluation of skin mucus lysozyme activity showed no significant difference between treatments and control group (P > 0.05). Also, no antibacterial activity was detected against Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus and Salmonella enterica in all treatments and control group. Whereas skin mucus of rainbow trout showed antimicrobial activity against fish pathogens (Aeromonas hydrophila and Yersinia ruckeri) in 1 and 1.5% Myrtle treatments. These results indicated beneficial effects of dietary Myrtle on mucosal immune parameters of fingerling rainbow trout.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hadis Mansouri Taee
- Department of Fisheries, Faculty of Fisheries and Environmental Sciences, Gorgan University of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources, Gorgan, Iran.
| | - Abdolmajid Hajimoradloo
- Department of Fisheries, Faculty of Fisheries and Environmental Sciences, Gorgan University of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources, Gorgan, Iran.
| | - Seyed Hossein Hoseinifar
- Department of Fisheries, Faculty of Fisheries and Environmental Sciences, Gorgan University of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources, Gorgan, Iran
| | - Hassan Ahmadvand
- Razi Herbal Researches Center, Lorestan University of Medical Sciences, Khoram Abad, Iran
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Sukumaran V, Park SC, Giri SS. Role of dietary ginger Zingiber officinale in improving growth performances and immune functions of Labeo rohita fingerlings. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2016; 57:362-370. [PMID: 27574828 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2016.08.056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2016] [Revised: 08/23/2016] [Accepted: 08/25/2016] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
This study evaluated the effects of ginger (Zingiber officinale) as a feeding supplement on the growth, skin mucus immune parameters, and cytokine-related gene expression of Labeo rohita, and its susceptibility to Aeromonas hydrophila infection. Diets containing six different concentrations of dried ginger (0% [basal diet], 0.2% [G2], 0.4% [G4], 0.6% [G6], 0.8% [G8], and 1.0% [G10] were fed to fish (average weight: 12.3 g) for 60 days. Growth parameters were examined at 30 and 60 days post-feeding. Skin mucosal immune responses and gene expression were examined 60 days post-feeding. Results showed that growth parameters such as final weight gain (93.47 ± 1.73 g) and specific growth rate (3.41 ± 0.14) were significantly higher in G8 than in the control. Among the skin mucosal immune parameters examined, lysozyme (46.5 ± 3.8 U mg(-1)), immunoglobulin level (8.9 ± 0.4 unit-mg mL(-1)), protein level (44.3 ± 2.2 mg mL(-1)) were significantly higher in G8. However, alkaline phosphatase activity (171.6 ± 10.2 IU L(-1)) was high (P < 0.05) in the G10 group. Skin mucus of G8 exhibited significantly higher inhibition zones when tested against pathogenic bacterial strains. For cytokine-related genes, anti-oxidant genes (zinc/copper superoxide dismutase [SOD1], glutathione peroxidase [GPx], anti-inflammatory cytokines (interleukin-10 [IL-10], transforming growth factor-beta [TGF-β]), signalling molecules nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 [Nrf2], and Inhibitor protein κBα [IκB-α]) were all up-regulated in the head kidney, intestine, and hepatopancreas of fish that were fed experimental diets. In addition, expression abundance was significantly higher in most tissues in G2 and/or G10, than in the control. Conversely, expression of genes encoding pro-inflammatory cytokines (IL-1β, tumour necrosis factor-alpha [TNF-α]), signalling molecules Kelch-like-ECH-associated protein 1 (Keap1), and nuclear factor kappa B p65 (NF-κBp65) were down-regulated in treatment groups. Moreover, fish fed a 0.8% [G8] ginger supplemented diet exhibited significantly higher relative post-challenge survival (65.52%) against Aeromonas hydrophila infection. Collectively, these results suggest that dietary supplements of ginger (at 0.8%) can promote growth performance, skin mucus immune parameters, and strengthen immunity of L. rohita. Therefore, ginger represents a promising food additive for carps in aquaculture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Venkatachalam Sukumaran
- Dept. of Zoology, Kundavai Nachiyar Government Arts College for Women (Autonomous), Thanjavur, 613007, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Se Chang Park
- Laboratory of Aquatic Biomedicine, College of Veterinary Medicine and Research Institute for Veterinary Science, Seoul National University, Seoul, 151742, South Korea.
| | - Sib Sankar Giri
- Laboratory of Aquatic Biomedicine, College of Veterinary Medicine and Research Institute for Veterinary Science, Seoul National University, Seoul, 151742, South Korea.
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