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Song XW, He WX, Su T, Li CJ, Jiang LL, Huang SQ, Li SH, Guo ZF, Zhang BL. Abnormal expression of PRKAG2-AS1 in endothelial cells induced inflammation and apoptosis by reducing PRKAG2 expression. Noncoding RNA Res 2024; 9:536-546. [PMID: 38511052 PMCID: PMC10950609 DOI: 10.1016/j.ncrna.2024.02.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2023] [Revised: 02/07/2024] [Accepted: 02/20/2024] [Indexed: 03/22/2024] Open
Abstract
PRKAG2 is required for the maintenance of cellular energy balance. PRKAG2-AS1, a long non-coding RNA (lncRNA), was found within the promoter region of PRKAG2. Despite the extensive expression of PRKAG2-AS1 in endothelial cells, the precise function and mechanism of this gene in endothelial cells have yet to be elucidated. The localization of PRKAG2-AS1 was predominantly observed in the nucleus, as revealed using nuclear and cytoplasmic fractionation and fluorescence in situ hybridization. The manipulation of PRKAG2-AS1 by knockdown and overexpression within the nucleus significantly altered PRKAG2 expression in a cis-regulatory manner. The expression of PRKAG2-AS1 and its target genes, PRKAG2b and PRKAG2d, was down-regulated in endothelial cells subjected to oxLDL and Hcy-induced injury. This finding suggests that PRKAG2-AS1 may be involved in the mechanism behind endothelial injury. The suppression of PRKAG2-AS1 specifically in the nucleus led to an upregulation of inflammatory molecules such as cytokines, adhesion molecules, and chemokines in endothelial cells. Additionally, this nuclear suppression of PRKAG2-AS1 facilitated the adherence of THP1 cells to endothelial cells. We confirmed the role of nuclear knockdown PRKAG2-AS1 in the induction of apoptosis and inhibition of cell proliferation, migration, and lumen formation through flow cytometry, TUNEL test, CCK8 assay, and cell scratching. Finally, it was determined that PRKAG2-AS1 exerts direct control over the transcription of PRKAG2 by its binding to their promoters. In conclusion, downregulation of PRKAG2-AS1 suppressed the proliferation and migration, promoted inflammation and apoptosis of endothelial cells, and thus contributed to the development of atherosclerosis resulting from endothelial cell injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Wei Song
- Department of Anesthesiology, Shidong Hospital of Shanghai, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai, China
- Department of Cardiology, Changhai Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Wen-Xia He
- Department of Cardiology, Changhai Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Ting Su
- Department of Cardiology, Changhai Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Chang-Jin Li
- Department of Cardiology, Changhai Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Li-Li Jiang
- Department of Cardiology, Changhai Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Song-Qun Huang
- Department of Cardiology, Changhai Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Song-Hua Li
- Department of Cardiology, Changhai Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhi-Fu Guo
- Department of Cardiology, Changhai Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Bi-Li Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, Changhai Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
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2
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Xu C, Ali M, Sun J, Li X, Fouad D, Iqbal M, Kulyar MFEA, Wu Y, Li K. Protective effects of Abrus cantoniensis Hance against liver injury through modulation of intestinal microbiota and liver metabolites. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2024; 279:116495. [PMID: 38820876 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2024.116495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2024] [Revised: 05/19/2024] [Accepted: 05/21/2024] [Indexed: 06/02/2024]
Abstract
Abrus cantoniensis Hance (ACH) is an ancient Chinese medicine herb known for its therapeutic effects. This study investigated the potential protective effect of ACH against carbon tetrachloride (CCl4)-induced liver damage in mice. Fifty (n= 50) ICR mice were grouped into five groups. CCl4 was intraperitoneally injected into different mice groups: AM (CCl4 induced), AD (ACH-treated with 25 mg/kg), AZ (ACH-treated with 50 mg/kg), and AG (ACH-treated with100mg/kg) after every three days for a total of 31 days. The control group was denoted as AC. Additionally, groups AD, AZ, and AG received daily doses of ACH via gavage throughout the study period. According to our findings, ACH administration prominently mitigated liver pathological lesions and the increased liver index induced by CCl4 in mice (p < 0.05). Treatment with ACH resulted in a dose-dependent recovery of GSH-px, SOD, and CAT activities (p < 0.001). Moreover, the levels of TNF-α, MDA, and ALT showed significanlty decreasing trends with various doses of ACH (p < 0.001). Furthermore, 16 S rRNA gene sequencing demonstrated that ACH increased the abundance of beneficial genera of Comoclathris, Aureobasidium, and Kazachstania while decreased the presence of pathogenic genera such as Sporobolomyces and Filobasidium. Additionally, ACH treatment ameliorated the changes in liver metabolism due to CCl4 and enhanced the beneficial liver metabolites. In conclusion, ACH shows potential in protecting the liver against oxidative stress and inflammation caused by CCl4 exposure, possibly through its effects on gut microbiota and liver metabolism. Therefore, the use of ACH may offer an effective approach for alleviating CCl4-induced liver injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chang Xu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China; MOE JoInt. International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Munwar Ali
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China; MOE JoInt. International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Jingyi Sun
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China; MOE JoInt. International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Xiaocong Li
- Hubei Three Goreges Polytechnic, Yichang 443199, China
| | - Dalia Fouad
- Department of Zoology, College of Science, King Saud University, PO Box 22452, Riyadh 11495, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mujahid Iqbal
- Department of Pathology, Cholistan University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences (CUVAS), Bahawalpur 63100, Pakistan
| | | | - Yi Wu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yunnan Agricultural University, Yunnan 650201, China.
| | - Kun Li
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China; MOE JoInt. International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China.
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3
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Yan M, Wang Y, Wang C, Feng S, Zhang T. Whey protein isolate-resveratrol complex as a radical scavenging foaming ingredient with increased ultraviolet stability. Food Chem 2024; 434:137519. [PMID: 37748290 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2023.137519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2023] [Revised: 08/27/2023] [Accepted: 09/15/2023] [Indexed: 09/27/2023]
Abstract
Functional foaming food ingredients play a vital role in preparing healthcare foods, however, the weak foamability and low photostability of ingredients severely limit their further development. Herein, whey protein isolate-resveratrol complexes (WPI-RES) were fabricated to address these challenges. Multi-spectral analysis and molecular simulation results revealed the key driving forces of hydrogen bonding and hydrophobic interactions to promote the formation of WPI-RES complexes, leading to the enhanced foamability and emulsifying properties of WPI after binding with RES. Importantly, the robust radical scavenging activity of RES within WPI was maintained under UV light irradiation compared to that of free RES as identified by DPPH assay, which was presumably due to inhibited photoisomerization of RES after binding to WPI. This work provides a promising foaming ingredient with increased ultraviolet stability and radical scavenging activity, paves the way to develop stable health-promoting foaming food products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mi Yan
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun 130062, Jilin, China
| | - Yingyi Wang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun 130062, Jilin, China
| | - Cuina Wang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun 130062, Jilin, China
| | - Sitong Feng
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun 130062, Jilin, China.
| | - Tiehua Zhang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun 130062, Jilin, China.
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4
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Zhao R, Zhang Q, Huang T, Tian Y, Guan G, Lin Y. Effect of the Combination of Clostridium butyricum and Mycelium of Phellinus igniarius on Intestinal Microbiota and Serum Metabolites in DSS-Induced Colitis. Nutrients 2024; 16:153. [PMID: 38201981 PMCID: PMC10780906 DOI: 10.3390/nu16010153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2023] [Revised: 12/26/2023] [Accepted: 12/30/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Clostridium butyricum (CB) and Phellinus igniarius (PI) have anti-inflammatory, immune regulation, anti-tumor, and other functions. This study aimed to explore the therapeutic effect of CB and mycelium of PI (MPI) alone and in combination on colitis mice induced by dextran sodium sulfate (DSS). Mice were randomly assigned to five groups: (1) control (CTRL), (2) DSS, (3) CB, (4) MPI, and (5) CB + MPI (CON). The weight of the mice was recorded daily during the experiment, and the length of the colon was measured on the last day of the experiment. The colons were collected for hematoxylin and eosin staining, colon contents were collected for intestinal flora analysis, and serum was collected for metabolite analysis. The results showed that compared with the DSS group, CB, MPI, and CON treatments inhibited the weight loss and colon length shortening caused by DSS, significantly increased the concentrations of interleukin (IL)-4, IL-10, and superoxide dismutase, and significantly decreased the concentrations of IL-6, tumor necrosis factor-α, and myeloperoxidase. Gene sequence analysis of 16S rRNA showed that CB, MPI, and CON treatments changed the composition and structure of intestinal microorganisms. Metabolome results showed that CB, MPI, and CON treatments changed serum metabolites in DSS-treated mice, including dodecenoylcarnitine, L-urobilinogen, and citric acid. In conclusion, CB, MPI, and CON treatments alleviated DSS-induced colitis in mice by regulating intestinal flora and metabolites, with the CON group having the best effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rou Zhao
- College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China;
| | - Qiaoyi Zhang
- Agricultural Bioengineering Institute, Changsha 410128, China; (Q.Z.); (T.H.); (Y.T.); (G.G.)
| | - Ting Huang
- Agricultural Bioengineering Institute, Changsha 410128, China; (Q.Z.); (T.H.); (Y.T.); (G.G.)
| | - Yun Tian
- Agricultural Bioengineering Institute, Changsha 410128, China; (Q.Z.); (T.H.); (Y.T.); (G.G.)
| | - Guiping Guan
- Agricultural Bioengineering Institute, Changsha 410128, China; (Q.Z.); (T.H.); (Y.T.); (G.G.)
| | - Yuanshan Lin
- College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China;
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5
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Li C, Jiao Y, Shen S, Zhao W, Zhang Q, Zhang S. Chaenomeles sinensis polysaccharide and its carboxymethylated derivative alleviate dextran sulfate sodium-induced ulcerative colitis via suppression of inflammation and oxidative stress. Biomed Pharmacother 2023; 169:115941. [PMID: 38006619 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2023.115941] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2023] [Revised: 11/15/2023] [Accepted: 11/21/2023] [Indexed: 11/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Chaenomeles sinensis fruit polysaccharide (CSP) and carboxymethylated CSP (CSP-M) were prepared using ultrasound extraction and the sodium hydroxide-chloroacetic acid method. Structural analysis revealed that both CSP and CSP-M mainly consisted of glucose, arabinose, rhamnose, glucuronic acid, galactose, and xylose, and the introduction of carboxymethyl did not damage the polymer chain of CSP. In vivo studies verified that both CSP and CSP-M could remarkably alleviate the symptoms of ulcerative colitis (UC) mice and reduce intestinal epithelial cell depletion, along with the infiltration of inflammatory cells in colon tissue, by mediating the expression of myeloperoxidase (MPO), inflammatory factors [tumour necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin-1β (IL-1β), and IL-6], and oxidative stress factors [malondialdehyde (MDA), superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione (GSH), and nitric oxide (NO)]. Most importantly, the introduction of carboxymethyl significantly enhanced the anti-UC activity of CSP, confirming the efficacy of carboxymethylation as a method to enhance the biological activities of CSP, thereby suggesting the potential of CSP-M as a therapeutic option for UC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chong Li
- CAS Key Laboratory of Regenerative Biology, Joint School of Life Sciences, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510530, China
| | - Yukun Jiao
- Carbohydrate-Based Drug Research Center, State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Shumin Shen
- School of Pharmacy, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Advanced Drug Delivery, Guangdong Provincial Engineering Center of Topical Precise Drug Delivery System, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Wenchang Zhao
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Research and Development of Natural Drugs, Dongguan Key Laboratory of TCM for Prevention and Treatment of Digestive Diseases, Dongguan Key Laboratory of Screening and Research of Anti-inflammatory Ingredients in Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan 523808, China
| | - Qian Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Advanced Drug Delivery, Guangdong Provincial Engineering Center of Topical Precise Drug Delivery System, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, China.
| | - Shaojie Zhang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Research and Development of Natural Drugs, Dongguan Key Laboratory of TCM for Prevention and Treatment of Digestive Diseases, Dongguan Key Laboratory of Screening and Research of Anti-inflammatory Ingredients in Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan 523808, China.
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6
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Yu Z, Xu C, Song B, Zhang S, Chen C, Li C, Zhang S. Tissue fibrosis induced by radiotherapy: current understanding of the molecular mechanisms, diagnosis and therapeutic advances. J Transl Med 2023; 21:708. [PMID: 37814303 PMCID: PMC10563272 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-023-04554-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2023] [Accepted: 09/22/2023] [Indexed: 10/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancer remains the leading cause of death around the world. In cancer treatment, over 50% of cancer patients receive radiotherapy alone or in multimodal combinations with other therapies. One of the adverse consequences after radiation exposure is the occurrence of radiation-induced tissue fibrosis (RIF), which is characterized by the abnormal activation of myofibroblasts and the excessive accumulation of extracellular matrix. This phenotype can manifest in multiple organs, such as lung, skin, liver and kidney. In-depth studies on the mechanisms of radiation-induced fibrosis have shown that a variety of extracellular signals such as immune cells and abnormal release of cytokines, and intracellular signals such as cGAS/STING, oxidative stress response, metabolic reprogramming and proteasome pathway activation are involved in the activation of myofibroblasts. Tissue fibrosis is extremely harmful to patients' health and requires early diagnosis. In addition to traditional serum markers, histologic and imaging tests, the diagnostic potential of nuclear medicine techniques is emerging. Anti-inflammatory and antioxidant therapies are the traditional treatments for radiation-induced fibrosis. Recently, some promising therapeutic strategies have emerged, such as stem cell therapy and targeted therapies. However, incomplete knowledge of the mechanisms hinders the treatment of this disease. Here, we also highlight the potential mechanistic, diagnostic and therapeutic directions of radiation-induced fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zuxiang Yu
- Laboratory of Radiation Medicine, West China School of Basic Medical Sciences and Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Chaoyu Xu
- Laboratory of Radiation Medicine, West China School of Basic Medical Sciences and Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Bin Song
- Laboratory of Radiation Medicine, West China School of Basic Medical Sciences and Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chengdu Medical College, China National Nuclear Corporation 416 Hospital, Chengdu, 610051, China
- NHC Key Laboratory of Nuclear Technology Medical Transformation (Mianyang Central Hospital), Mianyang, 621099, China
| | - Shihao Zhang
- Laboratory of Radiation Medicine, West China School of Basic Medical Sciences and Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Chong Chen
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First People's Hospital of Xuzhou, Xuzhou Municipal Hospital Affiliated to Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, 221200, China
| | - Changlong Li
- Laboratory of Radiation Medicine, West China School of Basic Medical Sciences and Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China.
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, West China School of Basic Medical Sciences and Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.
| | - Shuyu Zhang
- Laboratory of Radiation Medicine, West China School of Basic Medical Sciences and Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China.
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chengdu Medical College, China National Nuclear Corporation 416 Hospital, Chengdu, 610051, China.
- NHC Key Laboratory of Nuclear Technology Medical Transformation (Mianyang Central Hospital), Mianyang, 621099, China.
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7
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Şirin S. Lactic Acid Bacteria-Derived Exopolysaccharides Mitigate the Oxidative Response via the NRF2-KEAP1 Pathway in PC12 Cells. Curr Issues Mol Biol 2023; 45:8071-8090. [PMID: 37886953 PMCID: PMC10605729 DOI: 10.3390/cimb45100510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2023] [Revised: 09/25/2023] [Accepted: 09/30/2023] [Indexed: 10/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Parabiotics, including L-EPSs, have been administered to patients with neurodegenerative disorders. However, the antioxidant properties of L-EPSs against H2O2-induced oxidative stress in PC12 cells have not been studied. Herein, we aimed to investigate the antioxidant properties of the L-EPSs, their plausible targets, and their mechanism of action. We first determined the amount of L-EPSs in Lactobacillus delbrueckii ssp. bulgaricus B3 and Lactiplantibacillus plantarum GD2 using spectrophotometry. Afterwards, we studied their effects on TDH, TOS/TAS, antioxidant enzyme activities, and intracellular ROS level. Finally, we used qRT-PCR and ELISA to determine the effects of L-EPSs on the NRF2-KEAP1 pathway. According to our results, the L-EPS groups exhibited significantly higher total thiol activity, native thiol activity, disulfide activity, TAS levels, antioxidant enzyme levels, and gene expression levels (GCLC, HO-1, NRF2, and NQO1) than did the H2O2 group. Additionally, the L-EPS groups caused significant reductions in TOS levels and KEAP1 gene expression levels compared with those in the H2O2 group. Our results indicate that H2O2-induced oxidative stress was modified by L-EPSs. Thus, we revealed that L-EPSs, which regulate H2O2-induced oxidative stress, could have applications in the field of neurochemistry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seda Şirin
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Gazi University, Teknikokullar, 06500 Ankara, Turkey
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8
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Zeng B, Liu Y, Xu J, Niu L, Wu Y, Zhang D, Tang X, Zhu Z, Chen Y, Hu L, Yu S, Yu P, Zhang J, Wang W. Future Directions in Optimizing Anesthesia to Reduce Perioperative Acute Kidney Injury. Am J Nephrol 2023; 54:434-450. [PMID: 37742618 DOI: 10.1159/000533534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2023] [Accepted: 08/01/2023] [Indexed: 09/26/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Perioperative acute kidney injury (AKI) is common in surgical patients and is associated with high morbidity and mortality. There are currently few options for AKI prevention and treatment. Due to its complex pathophysiology, there is no efficient medication therapy to stop the onset of the injury or repair the damage already done. Certain anesthetics, however, have been demonstrated to affect the risk of perioperative AKI in some studies. The impact of anesthetics on renal function is particularly important as it is closely related to the prognosis of patients. Some anesthetics can induce anti-inflammatory, anti-necrotic, and anti-apoptotic effects. Propofol, sevoflurane, and dexmedetomidine are a few examples of anesthetics that have protective association with AKI in the perioperative period. SUMMARY In this study, we reviewed the clinical characteristics, risk factors, and pathogenesis of AKI. Subsequently, the protective effects of various anesthetic agents against perioperative AKI and the latest research are introduced. KEY MESSAGE This work demonstrates that a thorough understanding of the reciprocal effects of anesthetic drugs and AKI is crucial for safe perioperative care and prognosis of patients. However, more complete mechanisms and pathophysiological processes still need to be further studied.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin Zeng
- Department of Gastroenterology, First Affiliated Hospital of Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, China
| | - Yinuo Liu
- Department of Metabolism and Endocrinology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China,
- The Second Clinical Medical College of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China,
| | - Jiawei Xu
- Department of Metabolism and Endocrinology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
- The Second Clinical Medical College of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Liyan Niu
- Department of Metabolism and Endocrinology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
- The Second Clinical Medical College of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
- Huan Kui College, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Yuting Wu
- Huan Kui College, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
- Department of Metabolism and Endocrinology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Deju Zhang
- Huan Kui College, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
- Food and Nutritional Sciences, School of Biological Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Xiaoyi Tang
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Zicheng Zhu
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Yixuan Chen
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Leilei Hu
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Shuchun Yu
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Peng Yu
- Department of Metabolism and Endocrinology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Jing Zhang
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Wenting Wang
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University, Haikou, China
- Department of Cardiopulmonary Bypass, State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
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9
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Zheng M, Liu Y, Zhang G, Yang Z, Xu W, Chen Q. The Applications and Mechanisms of Superoxide Dismutase in Medicine, Food, and Cosmetics. Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 12:1675. [PMID: 37759978 PMCID: PMC10525108 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12091675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2023] [Revised: 08/17/2023] [Accepted: 08/25/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Superoxide dismutase (SOD) is a class of enzymes that restrict the biological oxidant cluster enzyme system in the body, which can effectively respond to cellular oxidative stress, lipid metabolism, inflammation, and oxidation. Published studies have shown that SOD enzymes (SODs) could maintain a dynamic balance between the production and scavenging of biological oxidants in the body and prevent the toxic effects of free radicals, and have been shown to be effective in anti-tumor, anti-radiation, and anti-aging studies. This research summarizes the types, biological functions, and regulatory mechanisms of SODs, as well as their applications in medicine, food production, and cosmetic production. SODs have proven to be a useful tool in fighting disease, and mimetics and conjugates that report SODs have been developed successively to improve the effectiveness of SODs. There are still obstacles to solving the membrane permeability of SODs and the persistence of enzyme action, which is still a hot spot and difficulty in mining the effect of SODs and promoting their application in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Qinghua Chen
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China
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10
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Shao X, Zhang M, Chen Y, Sun S, Yang S, Li Q. Exosome-mediated delivery of superoxide dismutase for anti-aging studies in Caenorhabditis elegans. Int J Pharm 2023; 641:123090. [PMID: 37268030 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2023.123090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2023] [Revised: 05/09/2023] [Accepted: 05/25/2023] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Aging is a dynamic and progressive process mediated by reactive oxygen species (ROS), and the antioxidant enzyme superoxide dismutase (SOD) can effectively scavenge ROS to extend longevity. However, the instability and impermeability of native enzyme limit its in vivo biomedical application. Currently, exosome as protein carriers attracts considerable attention in the disease treatment owing to low immunogenicity and high stability. Herein, SOD was encapsulated into exosomes via mechanical extrusion with saponin permeabilization to obtain SOD-loaded EXO (SOD@EXO). SOD@EXO with a hydrodynamic diameter of 101.7 ± 5.6 nm could scavenge excessive ROS and protect the cells from oxidative damage induced by 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridine. Compared with native SOD, SOD@EXO significantly extended the lifespan of N2 wild-type Caenorhabditis elegans under normal conditions. Moreover, SOD@EXO improved the resistance against heat and oxidative stress, leading to notable survival ratio under these hostile conditions. Overall, the exosome-mediated delivery of SOD could reduce ROS level and delay aging in C. elegans model, thereby providing potential strategies to treat ROS-related diseases in future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinxin Shao
- Key Laboratory for Molecular Enzymology and Engineering of Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China
| | - Mengzhu Zhang
- Key Laboratory for Molecular Enzymology and Engineering of Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China
| | - Yingxuan Chen
- Key Laboratory for Molecular Enzymology and Engineering of Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China
| | - Siyu Sun
- Key Laboratory for Molecular Enzymology and Engineering of Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China
| | - Shengcai Yang
- Key Laboratory for Molecular Enzymology and Engineering of Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China.
| | - Quanshun Li
- Key Laboratory for Molecular Enzymology and Engineering of Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China.
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Tan Z, Zhang Q, Zhao R, Huang T, Tian Y, Lin Y. A Comparative Study on the Effects of Different Sources of Carboxymethyl Poria Polysaccharides on the Repair of DSS-Induced Colitis in Mice. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24109034. [PMID: 37240380 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24109034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2023] [Revised: 05/17/2023] [Accepted: 05/18/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Carboxymethyl poria polysaccharide plays important anti-tumor, antioxidant, and anti-inflammatory roles. Therefore, this study aimed to compare the healing impacts of two different sources of carboxymethyl poria polysaccharides [Carboxymethylat Poria Polysaccharides I (CMP I) and Carboxymethylat Poria Polysaccharides II (CMP II)] on ulcerative colitis in mice caused by dextran sulfate sodium (DSS). All the mice were arbitrarily split into five groups (n = 6): (a) control (CTRL), (b) DSS, (c) SAZ (sulfasalazine), (d) CMP I, and (e) CMP II. The experiment lasted for 21 days, and the body weight and final colon length were monitored. A histological analysis of the mouse colon tissue was carried out using H&E staining to assess the degree of inflammatory infiltration. The levels of inflammatory cytokines [interleukin-1β (IL-1β), interleukin-6 (IL-6), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), and interleukin-4 (IL-4)] and enzymes [superoxide dismutase (SOD) and myeloperoxidase (MPO)] in the serum were examined using ELISA. Additionally, 16S ribosomal RNA sequencing was used to analyze the microorganisms in the colon. The results indicated that both CMP I and CMP II alleviated weight loss, colonic shortening, and inflammatory factor infestation in colonic tissues caused by DSS (p < 0.05). Furthermore, the ELISA results revealed that both CMP I and CMP II reduced the expression of IL-1β, IL-6, TNF-α, and MPO, and elevated the expression of IL-4 and SOD in the sera of the mice (p < 0.05). Moreover, 16S rRNA sequencing showed that CMP I and CMP II increased the plenitude of microorganisms in the mouse colon relative to that in the DSS group. The results also indicated that the therapeutic effect of CMP I on DSS-induced colitis in the mice was superior to that of CMP II. This study demonstrated that carboxymethyl poria polysaccharide from Poria cocos had therapeutic effects on DSS-induced colitis in mice, with CMP I being more effective than CMP II.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhijie Tan
- College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China
| | - Qiaoyi Zhang
- Agricultural Bioengineering Institute, Changsha 410128, China
| | - Rou Zhao
- Agricultural Bioengineering Institute, Changsha 410128, China
| | - Ting Huang
- Agricultural Bioengineering Institute, Changsha 410128, China
| | - Yun Tian
- Agricultural Bioengineering Institute, Changsha 410128, China
| | - Yuanshan Lin
- College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China
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12
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Dong L, Chen Y, Gu L, Gan M, Carrier A, Oakes K, Zhang X, Dong Z. Oral delivery of a highly stable superoxide dismutase as a skin aging inhibitor. Biomed Pharmacother 2023; 164:114878. [PMID: 37209626 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2023.114878] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2023] [Revised: 04/25/2023] [Accepted: 05/12/2023] [Indexed: 05/22/2023] Open
Abstract
As an effective antioxidant enzyme, superoxide dismutase (SOD) has been widely used as a food supplement, cosmetic additive, and therapeutic agent. However, oral delivery of SOD is challenging due to its relative instability, limited bioavailability, and low absorption efficiency in the gastrointestinal (GI) tract. We addressed these issues using a highly stable superoxide dismutase (hsSOD) generated from a hot spring microbial sample. This SOD exhibited a specific activity of 5000 IU/mg while retaining its enzymatic activity under low pH environments of an artificial GI system and in the presence of surfactants and various proteolytic enzymes. The inhibitory effects of hsSOD against skin-aging was evaluated under both in vitro and in vivo experiments using fibroblast cell and D-galactose induced aging-mouse models, respectively. Effective oral delivery of hsSOD promises wide applicability in pharmaceutical and food industries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liang Dong
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Resources, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, P.O. Box 2714, Beijing 100080, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Yongli Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Resources, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, P.O. Box 2714, Beijing 100080, China; Shenzhen Siyomicro BIO-TECH CO., Ltd., Shenzhen 518116, China
| | - Lihong Gu
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Resources, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, P.O. Box 2714, Beijing 100080, China; Shenzhen Siyomicro BIO-TECH CO., Ltd., Shenzhen 518116, China
| | - Miao Gan
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Resources, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, P.O. Box 2714, Beijing 100080, China; Shenzhen Siyomicro BIO-TECH CO., Ltd., Shenzhen 518116, China
| | - Andrew Carrier
- Department of Chemistry, Cape Breton University, 1250 Grand Lake Road, Sydney, Nova Scotia B1P 6L2, Canada
| | - Ken Oakes
- Department of Biology, Cape Breton University, 1250 Grand Lake Road, Sydney, Nova Scotia B1P 6L2, Canada
| | - Xu Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, Cape Breton University, 1250 Grand Lake Road, Sydney, Nova Scotia B1P 6L2, Canada.
| | - Zhiyang Dong
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Resources, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, P.O. Box 2714, Beijing 100080, China.
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13
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Andrés-Blasco I, Gallego-Martínez A, Machado X, Cruz-Espinosa J, Di Lauro S, Casaroli-Marano R, Alegre-Ituarte V, Arévalo JF, Pinazo-Durán MD. Oxidative Stress, Inflammatory, Angiogenic, and Apoptotic molecules in Proliferative Diabetic Retinopathy and Diabetic Macular Edema Patients. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24098227. [PMID: 37175931 PMCID: PMC10179600 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24098227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2022] [Revised: 03/30/2023] [Accepted: 04/25/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study is to evaluate molecules involved in oxidative stress (OS), inflammation, angiogenesis, and apoptosis, and discern which of these are more likely to be implicated in proliferative diabetic retinopathy (PDR) and diabetic macular edema (DME) by investigating the correlation between them in the plasma (PLS) and vitreous body (VIT), as well as examining data obtained from ophthalmological examinations. Type 2 diabetic (T2DM) patients with PDR/DME (PDRG/DMEG; n = 112) and non-DM subjects as the surrogate controls (SCG n = 48) were selected according to the inclusion/exclusion criteria and programming for vitrectomy, either due to having PDR/DME or macular hole (MH)/epiretinal membrane (ERM)/rhegmatogenous retinal detachment. Blood samples were collected and processed to determine the glycemic profile, total cholesterol, and C reactive protein, as well as the malondialdehyde (MDA), 4-hydroxynonenal (4HNE), superoxide dismutase (SOD), and catalase (CAT) levels and total antioxidant capacity (TAC). In addition, interleukin 6 (IL6), vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), and caspase 3 (CAS3) were assayed. The VITs were collected and processed to measure the expression levels of all the abovementioned molecules. Statistical analyses were conducted using the R Core Team (2022) program, including group comparisons and correlation analyses. Compared with the SCG, our findings support the presence of molecules involved in OS, inflammation, angiogenesis, and apoptosis in the PLS and VIT samples from T2DM. In PLS from PDRG, there was a decrease in the antioxidant load (p < 0.001) and an increase in pro-angiogenic molecules (p < 0.001), but an increase in pro-oxidants (p < 0.001) and a decline in antioxidants (p < 0.001) intravitreally. In PLS from DMEG, pro-oxidants and pro-inflammatory molecules were augmented (p < 0.001) and the antioxidant capacity diminished (p < 0.001), but the pro-oxidants increased (p < 0.001) and antioxidants decreased (p < 0.001) intravitreally. Furthermore, we found a positive correlation between the PLS-CAT and the VIT-SOD levels (rho = 0.5; p < 0.01) in PDRG, and a negative correlation between the PSD-4HNE and the VIT-TAC levels (rho = 0.5; p < 0.01) in DMEG. Integrative data of retinal imaging variables showed a positive correlation between the central subfield foveal thickness (CSFT) and the VIT-SOD levels (rho = 0.5; p < 0.01), and a negative correlation between the CSFT and the VIT-4HNE levels (rho = 0.4; p < 0.01) in PDRG. In DMEG, the CSFT displayed a negative correlation with the VIT-CAT (rho = 0.5; p < 0.01). Exploring the relationship of the abovementioned potential biomarkers between PLS and VIT may help detecting early molecular changes in PDR/DME, which can be used to identify patients at high risk of progression, as well as to monitor therapeutic outcomes in the diabetic retina.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irene Andrés-Blasco
- Cellular and Molecular Ophthalmo-Biology Group, Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine and Odontology, University of Valencia, 46010 Valencia, Spain
- Ophthalmic Research Unit "Santiago Grisolía"/FISABIO, 46017 Valencia, Spain
- Spanish Net of Inflammatory Diseases and Immunopathology of Organs and Systems (REI/RICORS), Institute of Health Carlos III, Ministry of Science and Innovation, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Alex Gallego-Martínez
- Cellular and Molecular Ophthalmo-Biology Group, Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine and Odontology, University of Valencia, 46010 Valencia, Spain
- Ophthalmic Research Unit "Santiago Grisolía"/FISABIO, 46017 Valencia, Spain
| | - Ximena Machado
- Cellular and Molecular Ophthalmo-Biology Group, Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine and Odontology, University of Valencia, 46010 Valencia, Spain
- Ophthalmic Research Unit "Santiago Grisolía"/FISABIO, 46017 Valencia, Spain
| | | | - Salvatore Di Lauro
- Department of Ophthalmology, University Clinic Hospital, 47003 Valladolid, Spain
| | - Ricardo Casaroli-Marano
- Spanish Net of Inflammatory Diseases and Immunopathology of Organs and Systems (REI/RICORS), Institute of Health Carlos III, Ministry of Science and Innovation, 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Spanish Net of Ophthalmic Pathology Research OFTARED, Institute of Health Carlos III, Ministry of Science and Innovation, 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Department of Ophthalmology, Clinic Hospital, 08036 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Víctor Alegre-Ituarte
- Cellular and Molecular Ophthalmo-Biology Group, Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine and Odontology, University of Valencia, 46010 Valencia, Spain
- Ophthalmic Research Unit "Santiago Grisolía"/FISABIO, 46017 Valencia, Spain
- Department of Ophthalmology, University Hospital Dr. Peset, 46017 Valencia, Spain
| | - José Fernando Arévalo
- Spanish Net of Inflammatory Diseases and Immunopathology of Organs and Systems (REI/RICORS), Institute of Health Carlos III, Ministry of Science and Innovation, 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Wilmer at Johns Hopkins Bayview Medical Center, Baltimore, MA 21224, USA
| | - María Dolores Pinazo-Durán
- Cellular and Molecular Ophthalmo-Biology Group, Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine and Odontology, University of Valencia, 46010 Valencia, Spain
- Ophthalmic Research Unit "Santiago Grisolía"/FISABIO, 46017 Valencia, Spain
- Spanish Net of Inflammatory Diseases and Immunopathology of Organs and Systems (REI/RICORS), Institute of Health Carlos III, Ministry of Science and Innovation, 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Spanish Net of Ophthalmic Pathology Research OFTARED, Institute of Health Carlos III, Ministry of Science and Innovation, 28029 Madrid, Spain
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Links between Vitamin K, Ferroptosis and SARS-CoV-2 Infection. Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 12:antiox12030733. [PMID: 36978981 PMCID: PMC10045478 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12030733] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2023] [Revised: 02/27/2023] [Accepted: 03/14/2023] [Indexed: 03/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Ferroptosis is a recently discovered form of programmed cell death. It is characterized by the accumulation of iron and lipid hydroperoxides in cells. Vitamin K is known to have antioxidant properties and plays a role in reducing oxidative stress, particularly in lipid cell membranes. Vitamin K reduces the level of reactive oxygen species by modulating the expression of antioxidant enzymes. Additionally, vitamin K decreases inflammation and potentially prevents ferroptosis. Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection leading to coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is associated with oxidant–antioxidant imbalance. Studies have shown that intensified ferroptosis occurs in various tissues and cells affected by COVID-19. Vitamin K supplementation during SARS-CoV-2 infection may have a positive effect on reducing the severity of the disease. Preliminary research suggests that vitamin K may reduce lipid peroxidation and inhibit ferroptosis, potentially contributing to its therapeutic effects in COVID-19 patients. The links between ferroptosis, vitamin K, and SARS-CoV-2 infection require further investigation, particularly in the context of developing potential treatment strategies for COVID-19.
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15
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Recent advances in multi-configurable nanomaterials for improved chemodynamic therapy. Coord Chem Rev 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2022.214861] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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16
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ATP-responsive zeolitic imidazolate framework-90 for superoxide dismutase delivery to reduce reactive oxygen species in MG-63 cells. J Drug Deliv Sci Technol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jddst.2022.104123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
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17
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Zhou Q, Yao S, Yang M, Guo Q, Li Y, Li L, Lei B. Superoxide dismutase 2 ameliorates mitochondrial dysfunction in skin fibroblasts of Leber’s hereditary optic neuropathy patients. Front Neurosci 2022; 16:917348. [PMID: 36017189 PMCID: PMC9398213 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2022.917348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2022] [Accepted: 07/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background In Leber’s hereditary optic neuropathy (LHON), mtDNA mutations mediate mitochondrial dysfunction and apoptosis of retinal ganglion cells. Mitochondrial superoxide dismutase 2 (SOD2) is a crucial antioxidase against reactive oxygen species (ROS). This study aims to investigate whether SOD2 could ameliorate mtDNA mutation mediated mitochondrial dysfunction in skin fibroblasts of LHON patients and explore the underlying mechanisms. Methods The skin of normal healthy subjects and severe LHON patients harboring m.11778G > A mutation was taken to prepare immortalized skin fibroblast cell lines (control-iFB and LHON-iFB). LHON-iFB cells were transfected with SOD2 plasmid or negative control plasmid, respectively. In addition, human neuroblastoma SH-SY5Y cells and human primary retinal pigmental epithelium (hRPE) cells were stimulated by H2O2 after gene transfection. The oxygen consumption rate (OCR) was measured with a Seahorse extracellular flux analyzer. The level of ATP production, mitochondrial membrane potential, ROS and malondialdehyde (MDA) were measured separately with the corresponding assay kits. The expression level of SOD2, inflammatory cytokines and p-IκBα/IκBα was evaluated by western-blot. Assessment of apoptosis was performed by TUNEL assay. Results LHON-iFB exhibited lower OCR, ATP production, mitochondrial membrane potential but higher level of ROS and MDA than control-iFB. Western-blot revealed a significantly increased expression of IL-6 and p-IκBα/IκBα in LHON-iFB. Compared with the negative control, SOD2 overexpression increased OCR, ATP production and elevated mitochondrial membrane potential, but impaired ROS and MDA production. Besides, western-blot demonstrated exogenous SOD2 reduced the protein level of IL-6 and p-IκBα/IκBα. TUNEL assays suggested SOD2 inhibited cells apoptosis. Analogously, in SH-SY5Y and hRPE cells, SOD2 overexpression increased ATP production and mitochondrial membrane potential, but decreased ROS, MDA levels and suppressed apoptosis. Conclusion SOD2 upregulation inhibited cells apoptosis through ameliorating mitochondrial dysfunction and reducing NF-κB associated inflammatory response. This study further support exogenous SOD2 may be a promising therapy for the treatment of LHON.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingru Zhou
- Henan Provincial People’s Hospital, Zhengzhou University People’s Hospital, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Shun Yao
- Henan Provincial People’s Hospital, Zhengzhou University People’s Hospital, Zhengzhou, China
- Henan Eye Hospital, Henan Provincial People’s Hospital, Henan Eye Institute, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Mingzhu Yang
- Henan Provincial People’s Hospital, Zhengzhou University People’s Hospital, Zhengzhou, China
- Henan Eye Hospital, Henan Provincial People’s Hospital, Henan Eye Institute, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Qingge Guo
- Henan Provincial People’s Hospital, Zhengzhou University People’s Hospital, Zhengzhou, China
- Henan Eye Hospital, Henan Provincial People’s Hospital, Henan Eye Institute, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Ya Li
- Henan Provincial People’s Hospital, Zhengzhou University People’s Hospital, Zhengzhou, China
- Henan Eye Hospital, Henan Provincial People’s Hospital, Henan Eye Institute, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Lei Li
- Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China
| | - Bo Lei
- Henan Provincial People’s Hospital, Zhengzhou University People’s Hospital, Zhengzhou, China
- Henan Eye Hospital, Henan Provincial People’s Hospital, Henan Eye Institute, Zhengzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Bo Lei,
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Li P, Zhang L, Guo Z, Kang Q, Chen C, Liu X, Ma Q, Zhang J, Hu Y, Wang T. Epimedium koreanum Nakai–Induced Liver Injury—A Mechanistic Study Using Untargeted Metabolomics. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:934057. [PMID: 35910368 PMCID: PMC9326364 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.934057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2022] [Accepted: 05/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Epimedii Folium is widely used worldwide as an herbal supplement, and the risk of its induced liver damage has emerged in recent years. Our preliminary study has found that, among several Epimedii Folium species specified in the Chinese Pharmacopoeia, Epimedium koreanum Nakai has a more severe propensity for hepatotoxicity. However, the mechanism of hepatotoxicity of Epimedium koreanum Nakai is still unclear. In this study, untargeted metabolomics was performed to analyze the serum and liver tissue to explore the mechanism of hepatotoxicity of Epimedium koreanum Nakai. The results of experiments in vivo showed that, after 28 days of exposure to Epimedium koreanum Nakai ethanol extract (EEE), the liver weight, levels of AST, ALP, TBIL, etc. in serum of rats in the EEE group were significantly increased, as well as severe cytoplasmic vacuolation appeared in the liver tissue, which suggested that EEE has significant hepatotoxicity. Subsequently, the results of metabolomics revealed significant changes in the metabolic profile in the liver and serum of rats after EEE exposure, in which metabolites in serum such as flavin mononucleotide, phenylacetylglycine, glutathione, l-tryptophan, and sphingomyelin were able to accurately identify liver injury caused by EEE and could be used as serum markers to reflect EEE-induced liver injury. The KEGG pathway enrichment analysis revealed that EEE caused extensive effects on rats' metabolic pathways. Some of the most affected pathways included glutathione metabolism, glutamate metabolism pathway, primary bile acid biosynthesis pathway, and sphingolipid metabolism pathway, which were all directed to the biological process of ferroptosis. Then, the main markers related to ferroptosis in the liver were examined, and the results demonstrated that the content of malondialdehyde was significantly increased, the activity of superoxide dismutase was significantly reduced, the ferroptosis inhibitory proteins GPX4 and System xc− were significantly downregulated, and the ferroptosis-promoting protein ACSL4 was significantly up-regulated. Judging from these results, we concluded that the mechanism of hepatotoxicity of Epimedium koreanum Nakai was probably related to the induction of ferroptosis in hepatocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Lin Zhang
- *Correspondence: Lin Zhang, ; Ting Wang,
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Ting Wang
- *Correspondence: Lin Zhang, ; Ting Wang,
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A Review on Electrochemical Sensors and Biosensors Used in Assessing Antioxidant Activity. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:antiox11030584. [PMID: 35326234 PMCID: PMC8945540 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11030584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2022] [Revised: 03/17/2022] [Accepted: 03/17/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Currently, there is growing interest in screening and quantifying antioxidants from biological samples in the quest for natural and effective antioxidants to combat free radical-related pathological complications. Antioxidants play an important role in human health and provide a defense against many diseases. Due to the valuable dietary role of these compounds, the analysis and determination of their amount in food is of particular importance. In recent years, many attempts have been made to provide simple, fast, and economical analytical approaches for the on-site detection and determination of antioxidant activity in food antioxidants. In this regard, electrochemical sensors and biosensors are considered promising tools for antioxidant research due to their high sensitivity, fast response time, and ease of miniaturization; thus, they are used in a variety of fields, including food analysis, drug screening, and toxicity research. Herein, we review the recent advances in sensors and biosensors for the detection of antioxidants, underlying principles, and emphasizing advantages, along with limitations regarding the ability to discriminate between the specific antioxidant or quantifying total antioxidant content. In this work, both direct and indirect methods for antioxidants detecting with electrochemical sensors and biosensors are analyzed in detail. This review aims to prove how electrochemical sensors and biosensors represent reliable alternatives to conventional methods for antioxidant analysis.
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Nanocarriers as Active Ingredients Enhancers in the Cosmetic Industry-The European and North America Regulation Challenges. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27051669. [PMID: 35268769 PMCID: PMC8911847 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27051669] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2022] [Revised: 02/14/2022] [Accepted: 03/01/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
“Flawless skin is the most universally desired human feature” is an iconic statement by Desmond Morris. Skin indicates one´s health and is so important that it affects a person’s emotional and psychological behavior, these facts having propelled the development of the cosmetics industry. It is estimated that in 2023, this industry will achieve more than 800 billion dollars. This boost is due to the development of new cosmetic formulations based on nanotechnology. Nanocarriers have been able to solve problems related to active ingredients regarding their solubility, poor stability, and release. Even though nanocarriers have evident benefits, they also present some problems related to the high cost, low shelf life, and toxicity. Regulation and legislation are two controversial topics regarding the use of nanotechnology in the field of cosmetics. In this area, the U.S. FDA has taken the lead and recommended several biosafety studies and post-market safety evaluations. The lack of a global definition that identifies nanomaterials as a cosmetic ingredient is a hindrance to the development of global legislation. In the EU, the legislation regarding the biosafety of nanomaterials in cosmetics is stricter. “The cost is not the only important issue, safety and the application of alternative testing methods for toxicity are of crucial importance as well”.
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Ghareghomi S, Rahban M, Moosavi-Movahedi Z, Habibi-Rezaei M, Saso L, Moosavi-Movahedi AA. The Potential Role of Curcumin in Modulating the Master Antioxidant Pathway in Diabetic Hypoxia-Induced Complications. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26247658. [PMID: 34946740 PMCID: PMC8706440 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26247658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2021] [Revised: 12/09/2021] [Accepted: 12/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Oxidative stress is the leading player in the onset and development of various diseases. The Keap1-Nrf2 pathway is a pivotal antioxidant system that preserves the cells' redox balance. It decreases inflammation in which the nuclear trans-localization of Nrf2 as a transcription factor promotes various antioxidant responses in cells. Through some other directions and regulatory proteins, this pathway plays a fundamental role in preventing several diseases and reducing their complications. Regulation of the Nrf2 pathway occurs on transcriptional and post-transcriptional levels, and these regulations play a significant role in its activity. There is a subtle correlation between the Nrf2 pathway and the pivotal signaling pathways, including PI3 kinase/AKT/mTOR, NF-κB and HIF-1 factors. This demonstrates its role in the development of various diseases. Curcumin is a yellow polyphenolic compound from Curcuma longa with multiple bioactivities, including antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anti-tumor, and anti-viral activities. Since hyperglycemia and increased reactive oxygen species (ROS) are the leading causes of common diabetic complications, reducing the generation of ROS can be a fundamental approach to dealing with these complications. Curcumin can be considered a potential treatment option by creating an efficient therapeutic to counteract ROS and reduce its detrimental effects. This review discusses Nrf2 pathway regulation at different levels and its correlation with other important pathways and proteins in the cell involved in the progression of diabetic complications and targeting these pathways by curcumin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Somayyeh Ghareghomi
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of Tehran, Tehran 1417466191, Iran; (S.G.); (M.R.)
| | - Mahdie Rahban
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of Tehran, Tehran 1417466191, Iran; (S.G.); (M.R.)
| | | | - Mehran Habibi-Rezaei
- School of Biology, College of Science, University of Tehran, Tehran 1417466191, Iran
- Center of Excellence in NanoBiomedicine, University of Tehran, Tehran 1417466191, Iran
- Correspondence: (M.H.-R.); (A.A.M.-M.); Tel.: +98-21-6111-3214 (M.H.-R.); +98-21-6111-3381 (A.A.M.-M.); Fax: +98-21-6697-1941 (M.H.-R.); +98-21-6640-4680 (A.A.M.-M.)
| | - Luciano Saso
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology “Vittorio Erspamer,” Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy;
| | - Ali Akbar Moosavi-Movahedi
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of Tehran, Tehran 1417466191, Iran; (S.G.); (M.R.)
- UNESCO Chair on Interdisciplinary Research in Diabetes, University of Tehran, Tehran 1417466191, Iran
- Correspondence: (M.H.-R.); (A.A.M.-M.); Tel.: +98-21-6111-3214 (M.H.-R.); +98-21-6111-3381 (A.A.M.-M.); Fax: +98-21-6697-1941 (M.H.-R.); +98-21-6640-4680 (A.A.M.-M.)
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22
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Zhang H, Zhou Y, Kong Q, Dong W, Lin Z. Toxicity of Naphthenic Acids on the Chlorophyll Fluorescence Parameters and Antioxidant Enzyme Activity of Heterosigma akashiwo. Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 10:antiox10101582. [PMID: 34679717 PMCID: PMC8533473 DOI: 10.3390/antiox10101582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2021] [Revised: 10/05/2021] [Accepted: 10/05/2021] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Petroleum hydrocarbons can serve as a carbon source for marine phytoplankton; so, marine high-acid crude oil pollution events are likely to result in algal outbreaks or harmful algal blooms (HABs) in surface waters. Naphthenic acids (NAs) are the primary acidic component of crude oil, and red tide is of great concern due to its high diffusivity and strong destructive properties. It is important to study the mechanism of the toxic effect of NAs on the typical red tide algae, Heterosigma akashiwo, for the balance and stability of marine algae. The mechanism of NAs’ damage effect was investigated in terms of the antioxidant enzyme activity, cell number, the chlorophyll positive fluorescence parameters, and the cell morphology of microalgae. Experiments confirmed the hormesis of low-concentration (0.5, 2, and 4 mg/L) NAs on Heterosigma akashiwo, and the indicators of high-concentration (8 and 16 mg/L) NA exposures showed inhibition. In this study, the toxic effect of NAs on the target organism showed a clear concentration–dose relationship. The 16 mg/L NAs stress caused severe damage to the morphology and structure of the target biological cells in a short time (96 h), and the population growth decreased. The target organisms showed a staged oxidative stress response to NAs. The behavior in the low-concentration treatment groups showed toxicant excitatory effects on the photosynthetic efficiency and antioxidant enzyme activity of the target organisms. This study provides theoretical and practical data for the development of an important toxicological model of the toxicant’s excitement effects and antioxidant defense mechanisms. In addition, it provides prospective research data for the prediction and avoidance of ecological risk from NA pollution in marine environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huanxin Zhang
- College of Geography and Environment, Shandong Normal University, Jinan 250000, China; (Y.Z.); (Q.K.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +86-157-6225-6586
| | - Yumiao Zhou
- College of Geography and Environment, Shandong Normal University, Jinan 250000, China; (Y.Z.); (Q.K.)
| | - Qiang Kong
- College of Geography and Environment, Shandong Normal University, Jinan 250000, China; (Y.Z.); (Q.K.)
| | - Wenlong Dong
- Shandong Marine Forecast and Hazard Mitigation Service, Qingdao 266104, China;
| | - Zhihao Lin
- College of Marine Life Sciences, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266100, China;
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23
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Iwasaki M, Yoshimoto M. Confinement of Metalloenzymes in PEGylated Liposomes to Formulate Colloidal Catalysts for Antioxidant Cascade. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2021; 37:10624-10635. [PMID: 34431680 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.1c02042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Antioxidant cascade reactions detoxifying reactive oxygen species are of significance to control oxidative stresses-triggered diseases. In the present work, the antioxidant catalysts were prepared through the confinement of dual metalloenzymes in liposomes. The amino groups of superoxide dismutase (SOD) were conjugated to the carboxyl groups-bearing liposomes encapsulated with the catalase (CAT) to formulate a spatially organized antioxidant reaction network. The activity of SOD and CAT in the liposomal system was evaluated in detail on the basis of the prolonged xanthine oxidase/xanthine reaction producing superoxide anion radicals (O2̇-) and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) coupled with redox reactions of cytochrome c. The liposome-confined SOD and CAT molecules were clearly demonstrated to catalyze the sequential disproportionation of O2̇- and H2O2 at 25 °C in a potassium phosphate buffer solution (pH = 7.8) under moderate transfer resistance with respect to the intermediate product (H2O2) within the liposomes. Furthermore, the liposomal catalysts were modified with the poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG)-conjugated lipids with the molecular mass of the PEG moiety of about 5000 through the post-PEGylation approach. The mean hydrodynamic diameter of the PEGylated liposomal catalysts was 140-150 nm. The dual enzyme activity in liposomes and the thermal stability of the encapsulated CAT were practically unaffected by the PEGylation. The above liposome-based antioxidant catalysts are highly biocompatible, PEG-modifiable, and reactive, thereby making the catalysts potentially applicable to therapeutic materials exhibiting functionality similar to cellular peroxisomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masataka Iwasaki
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Yamaguchi University, Tokiwadai 2-16-1, Ube 755-8611, Japan
| | - Makoto Yoshimoto
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Yamaguchi University, Tokiwadai 2-16-1, Ube 755-8611, Japan
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24
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Salvioni L, Morelli L, Ochoa E, Labra M, Fiandra L, Palugan L, Prosperi D, Colombo M. The emerging role of nanotechnology in skincare. Adv Colloid Interface Sci 2021; 293:102437. [PMID: 34023566 DOI: 10.1016/j.cis.2021.102437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2021] [Revised: 05/06/2021] [Accepted: 05/07/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The role of cosmetic products is rapidly evolving in our society, with their use increasingly seen as an essential contribution to personal wellness. This suggests the necessity of a detailed elucidation of the use of nanoparticles (NPs) in cosmetics. The aim of the present work is to offer a critical and comprehensive review discussing the impact of exploiting nanomaterials in advanced cosmetic formulations, emphasizing the beneficial effects of their extensive use in next-generation products despite a persisting prejudice around the application of nanotechnology in cosmetics. The discussion here includes an interpretation of the data underlying generic information reported on the product labels of formulations already available in the marketplace, information that often lacks details identifying specific components of the product, especially when nanomaterials are employed. The emphasis of this review is mainly focused on skincare because it is believed to be the cosmetics market sector in which the impact of nanotechnology is being seen most significantly. To date, nanotechnology has been demonstrated to improve the performance of cosmetics in a number of different ways: 1) increasing both the entrapment efficiency and dermal penetration of the active ingredient, 2) controlling drug release, 3) enhancing physical stability, 4) improving moisturizing power, and 5) providing better UV protection. Specific attention is paid to the effect of nanoparticles contained in semisolid formulations on skin penetration issues. In light of the emerging concerns about nanoparticle toxicity, an entire section has been devoted to listing detailed examples of nanocosmetic products for which safety has been investigated.
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25
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Dumas A, Knaus UG. Raising the 'Good' Oxidants for Immune Protection. Front Immunol 2021; 12:698042. [PMID: 34149739 PMCID: PMC8213335 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.698042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2021] [Accepted: 05/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Redox medicine is a new therapeutic concept targeting reactive oxygen species (ROS) and secondary reaction products for health benefit. The concomitant function of ROS as intracellular second messengers and extracellular mediators governing physiological redox signaling, and as damaging radicals instigating or perpetuating various pathophysiological conditions will require selective strategies for therapeutic intervention. In addition, the reactivity and quantity of the oxidant species generated, its source and cellular location in a defined disease context need to be considered to achieve the desired outcome. In inflammatory diseases associated with oxidative damage and tissue injury, ROS source specific inhibitors may provide more benefit than generalized removal of ROS. Contemporary approaches in immunity will also include the preservation or even elevation of certain oxygen metabolites to restore or improve ROS driven physiological functions including more effective redox signaling and cell-microenvironment communication, and to induce mucosal barrier integrity, eubiosis and repair processes. Increasing oxidants by host-directed immunomodulation or by exogenous supplementation seems especially promising for improving host defense. Here, we summarize examples of beneficial ROS in immune homeostasis, infection, and acute inflammatory disease, and address emerging therapeutic strategies for ROS augmentation to induce and strengthen protective host immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexia Dumas
- Conway Institute, School of Medicine, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Ulla G Knaus
- Conway Institute, School of Medicine, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
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26
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Rosa AC, Corsi D, Cavi N, Bruni N, Dosio F. Superoxide Dismutase Administration: A Review of Proposed Human Uses. Molecules 2021; 26:1844. [PMID: 33805942 PMCID: PMC8037464 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26071844] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2021] [Revised: 03/21/2021] [Accepted: 03/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Superoxide dismutases (SODs) are metalloenzymes that play a major role in antioxidant defense against oxidative stress in the body. SOD supplementation may therefore trigger the endogenous antioxidant machinery for the neutralization of free-radical excess and be used in a variety of pathological settings. This paper aimed to provide an extensive review of the possible uses of SODs in a range of pathological settings, as well as describe the current pitfalls and the delivery strategies that are in development to solve bioavailability issues. We carried out a PubMed query, using the keywords "SOD", "SOD mimetics", "SOD supplementation", which included papers published in the English language, between 2012 and 2020, on the potential therapeutic applications of SODs, including detoxification strategies. As highlighted in this paper, it can be argued that the generic antioxidant effects of SODs are beneficial under all tested conditions, from ocular and cardiovascular diseases to neurodegenerative disorders and metabolic diseases, including diabetes and its complications and obesity. However, it must be underlined that clinical evidence for its efficacy is limited and consequently, this efficacy is currently far from being demonstrated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arianna Carolina Rosa
- Department of Scienza e Tecnologia del Farmaco, University of Turin, Via P. Giuria 9, 10125 Turin, Italy; (D.C.); (N.C.); (F.D.)
| | - Daniele Corsi
- Department of Scienza e Tecnologia del Farmaco, University of Turin, Via P. Giuria 9, 10125 Turin, Italy; (D.C.); (N.C.); (F.D.)
| | - Niccolò Cavi
- Department of Scienza e Tecnologia del Farmaco, University of Turin, Via P. Giuria 9, 10125 Turin, Italy; (D.C.); (N.C.); (F.D.)
| | - Natascia Bruni
- Istituto Farmaceutico Candioli, Strada Comunale di None, 1, 10092 Beinasco, Italy;
| | - Franco Dosio
- Department of Scienza e Tecnologia del Farmaco, University of Turin, Via P. Giuria 9, 10125 Turin, Italy; (D.C.); (N.C.); (F.D.)
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