1
|
Banaszak M, Dobrzyńska M, Kawka A, Górna I, Woźniak D, Przysławski J, Drzymała-Czyż S. Role of Omega-3 fatty acids eicosapentaenoic (EPA) and docosahexaenoic (DHA) as modulatory and anti-inflammatory agents in noncommunicable diet-related diseases - Reports from the last 10 years. Clin Nutr ESPEN 2024; 63:240-258. [PMID: 38980796 DOI: 10.1016/j.clnesp.2024.06.053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2024] [Revised: 06/11/2024] [Accepted: 06/27/2024] [Indexed: 07/11/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Fatty acids are a fundamental component of the human diet, particularly polyunsaturated fatty acids, eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA). The importance of omega-3 fatty acids has been studied in the context of many diseases due to their pleiotropic effects, focusing on the anti-inflammatory effects of EPA and DHA. Currently, the results of these acids in noncommunicable diseases are being increasingly assessed in a broader context than just inflammation. However, the mechanisms underlying the modulatory and anti-inflammatory effects of omega-3 fatty acids remain the subject of intensive research. Therefore, we reviewed the literature covering articles from the last decade to assess not only the anti-inflammatory but, above all, the modulatory effect of EPA and DHA acids on noncommunicable diet-related diseases. METHODS The PubMed, Web of Science and Scopus databases were searched for studies regarding the effects of omega-3 fatty acids on diet-related disorders from the last 10 years. RESULTS The available research shows that EPA and DHA supplementation has a beneficial impact on regulating triglycerides, total cholesterol, insulin resistance, blood pressure, liver enzymes, inflammatory markers and oxidative stress. Additionally, there is evidence of their potential benefits in terms of mitochondrial function, regulation of plasma lipoproteins, and reduction of the risk of sudden cardiovascular events associated with atherosclerotic plaque rupture. CONCLUSIONS Omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (EPA, DHA) have many beneficial effects among patients with diet-related disorders. More well-designed randomised controlled trials are needed to fully determine the usefulness of EPA and DHA in treating and preventing noncommunicable diet-related diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Michalina Banaszak
- Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Department of Bromatology, Rokietnicka 3, Poznan, Poland; Poznan University of Medical Sciences Doctoral School, Bukowska 70, Poznan, Poland.
| | - Małgorzata Dobrzyńska
- Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Department of Bromatology, Rokietnicka 3, Poznan, Poland
| | - Anna Kawka
- Department of Bioactive Products, Faculty of Chemistry, Adam Mickiewicz University, Uniwersytetu Poznanskiego 8, Poznan, Poland
| | - Ilona Górna
- Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Department of Bromatology, Rokietnicka 3, Poznan, Poland
| | - Dagmara Woźniak
- Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Department of Bromatology, Rokietnicka 3, Poznan, Poland
| | - Juliusz Przysławski
- Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Department of Bromatology, Rokietnicka 3, Poznan, Poland
| | - Sławomira Drzymała-Czyż
- Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Department of Bromatology, Rokietnicka 3, Poznan, Poland
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Martemucci G, Khalil M, Di Luca A, Abdallah H, D’Alessandro AG. Comprehensive Strategies for Metabolic Syndrome: How Nutrition, Dietary Polyphenols, Physical Activity, and Lifestyle Modifications Address Diabesity, Cardiovascular Diseases, and Neurodegenerative Conditions. Metabolites 2024; 14:327. [PMID: 38921462 PMCID: PMC11206163 DOI: 10.3390/metabo14060327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2024] [Revised: 06/07/2024] [Accepted: 06/07/2024] [Indexed: 06/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Several hallmarks of metabolic syndrome, such as dysregulation in the glucose and lipid metabolism, endothelial dysfunction, insulin resistance, low-to-medium systemic inflammation, and intestinal microbiota dysbiosis, represent a pathological bridge between metabolic syndrome and diabesity, cardiovascular, and neurodegenerative disorders. This review aims to highlight some therapeutic strategies against metabolic syndrome involving integrative approaches to improve lifestyle and daily diet. The beneficial effects of foods containing antioxidant polyphenols, intestinal microbiota control, and physical activity were also considered. We comprehensively examined a large body of published articles involving basic, animal, and human studie, as well as recent guidelines. As a result, dietary polyphenols from natural plant-based antioxidants and adherence to the Mediterranean diet, along with physical exercise, are promising complementary therapies to delay or prevent the onset of metabolic syndrome and counteract diabesity and cardiovascular diseases, as well as to protect against neurodegenerative disorders and cognitive decline. Modulation of the intestinal microbiota reduces the risks associated with MS, improves diabetes and cardiovascular diseases (CVD), and exerts neuroprotective action. Despite several studies, the estimation of dietary polyphenol intake is inconclusive and requires further evidence. Lifestyle interventions involving physical activity and reduced calorie intake can improve metabolic outcomes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Mohamad Khalil
- Clinica Medica “A. Murri”, Department of Precision and Regenerative Medicine and Ionian Area (DiMePre-J), University of Bari Medical School, 70121 Bari, Italy;
| | - Alessio Di Luca
- Department of Soil, Plant and Food Sciences, University of Bari Aldo Moro, 70126 Bari, Italy; (A.D.L.); (A.G.D.)
| | - Hala Abdallah
- Clinica Medica “A. Murri”, Department of Precision and Regenerative Medicine and Ionian Area (DiMePre-J), University of Bari Medical School, 70121 Bari, Italy;
| | | |
Collapse
|
3
|
Islam H, Tsai SH, Figueiredo C, Jackson GS, Marcotte-Chénard A, Bosak J, Moreno-Cabañas A, Lira FS, Little JP. Direct assessment of leukocyte signalling and cytokine secretion reveals exercise intensity-dependent reductions in anti-inflammatory cytokine action. J Physiol 2024; 602:2717-2736. [PMID: 38776176 DOI: 10.1113/jp286228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2024] [Accepted: 04/24/2024] [Indexed: 05/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Circulating interleukin (IL)-6 and IL-10 concentrations are widely used to evaluate the anti-inflammatory effects of exercise but do not capture cytokine action at the cellular level. Whether and how acute exercise impacts anti-inflammatory cytokine action in humans is unknown. To determine how exercise intensity and pattern impact IL-6 and IL-10 action in blood leukocytes, 16 active adults (eight males/eight females; age: 30 ± 3 years; body mass index: 22.8 ± 2.3 kg/m2;V ̇ O 2 peak ${{\dot{V}}_{{{{\mathrm{O}}}_{\mathrm{2}}}{\mathrm{peak}}}}$ : 51 ± 6 mL/kg/min) completed a no-exercise control condition (CTL) or isocaloric bouts of cycling performed below (moderate continuous exercise; MCE) or above (heavy continuous or heavy intermittent exercise; HCE or HIE, respectively) lactate threshold. Venous blood (before, after, 30 min after and 90 min after exercise) was analysed for immune cell subpopulations, plasma cytokine concentrations, anti-inflammatory cytokine action and monocyte phenotype. Exercise induced rapid leukocytosis (P < 0.001) and increased plasma IL-6 (P < 0.001), IL-10 (P = 0.0145) and tumour necrosis factor-⍺ (TNF-⍺) (P = 0.0338) concentrations in an intensity-dependent manner (HCE and/or HIE vs. CTL). These systemic changes coincided with a diminished ability of IL-10/6 to phosphorylate STAT3 (P < 0.001) and inhibit TNF-⍺ secretion (P = 0.0238) in blood leukocytes following HCE and HIE. Monocyte polarization experiments revealed lower CD80 [MCE (P = 0.0933) and HIE (P = 0.0187) vs. CTL] and a tendency for higher CD163 expression (HCE vs. CTL, P = 0.0985), suggesting that hyporesponsiveness to anti-inflammatory cytokine action does not impede the ability of exercise to promote an anti-inflammatory monocyte phenotype. These findings provide novel insights into the immunomodulatory effects of exercise in humans and highlight the importance of directly measuring cellular cytokine action when evaluating the anti-inflammatory effects of exercise. KEY POINTS: Circulating cytokine concentrations are frequently used to evaluate the anti-inflammatory effects of exercise but may not capture changes in cytokine action occurring at the cellular level. We directly assessed anti-inflammatory cytokine action - measured using a combination of intracellular signalling and cytokine secretion ex vivo - in distinct immune cell subpopulations after acute calorie-matched exercise bouts differing in intensity and pattern. Anti-inflammatory cytokine action was blunted following higher intensity exercise despite corresponding increases in circulating cytokine concentrations and immune cell counts. Changes in cytokine action were not explained by changes in cytokine receptor expression on circulating immune cells. Our findings provide new insights into the immunomodulatory effects of exercise in humans and highlight the importance of directly measuring cellular cytokine action when evaluating the anti-inflammatory effects of exercise.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hashim Islam
- School of Health and Exercise Sciences, University of British Columbia Okanagan, Kelowna, BC, Canada
| | - Shun-Hsi Tsai
- Department of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, National Taiwan Normal University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Caíque Figueiredo
- Exercise and Immunometabolism Research Group, Department of Physical Education, Post-Graduation Program in Movement Sciences, State University of São Paulo (UNESP), Presidente Prudente, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Garett S Jackson
- School of Health and Exercise Sciences, University of British Columbia Okanagan, Kelowna, BC, Canada
| | - Alexis Marcotte-Chénard
- School of Health and Exercise Sciences, University of British Columbia Okanagan, Kelowna, BC, Canada
| | - Johannes Bosak
- School of Health and Exercise Sciences, University of British Columbia Okanagan, Kelowna, BC, Canada
| | | | - Fabio S Lira
- Exercise and Immunometabolism Research Group, Department of Physical Education, Post-Graduation Program in Movement Sciences, State University of São Paulo (UNESP), Presidente Prudente, São Paulo, Brazil
- Centro de Investigação em Desporto e Atividade Física, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Jonathan P Little
- School of Health and Exercise Sciences, University of British Columbia Okanagan, Kelowna, BC, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Silva RCMC, Ramos IB, Travassos LH, Mendez APG, Gomes FM. Evolution of innate immunity: lessons from mammalian models shaping our current view of insect immunity. J Comp Physiol B 2024; 194:105-119. [PMID: 38573502 DOI: 10.1007/s00360-024-01549-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2023] [Revised: 01/23/2024] [Accepted: 03/09/2024] [Indexed: 04/05/2024]
Abstract
The innate immune system, a cornerstone for organismal resilience against environmental and microbial insults, is highly conserved across the evolutionary spectrum, underpinning its pivotal role in maintaining homeostasis and ensuring survival. This review explores the evolutionary parallels between mammalian and insect innate immune systems, illuminating how investigations into these disparate immune landscapes have been reciprocally enlightening. We further delve into how advancements in mammalian immunology have enriched our understanding of insect immune responses, highlighting the intertwined evolutionary narratives and the shared molecular lexicon of immunity across these organisms. Therefore, this review posits a holistic understanding of innate immune mechanisms, including immunometabolism, autophagy and cell death. The examination of how emerging insights into mammalian and vertebrate immunity inform our understanding of insect immune responses and their implications for vector-borne disease transmission showcases the imperative for a nuanced comprehension of innate immunity's evolutionary tale. This understanding is quintessential for harnessing innate immune mechanisms' potential in devising innovative disease mitigation strategies and promoting organismal health across the animal kingdom.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rafael Cardoso M C Silva
- Laboratory of Immunoreceptors and Signaling, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
| | - Isabela B Ramos
- Laboratório de Ovogênese Molecular de Vetores, Instituto de Bioquímica Médica Leopoldo de Meis, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- Instituto Nacional de Entomologia Molecular, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Leonardo H Travassos
- Laboratory of Immunoreceptors and Signaling, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Ana Paula Guzman Mendez
- Laboratório de Ultraestrutura Celular Hertha Meyer, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Fabio M Gomes
- Instituto Nacional de Entomologia Molecular, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
- Laboratório de Ultraestrutura Celular Hertha Meyer, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Khabiri P, Rahimi MR, Rashidi I, Nedaei SE. Impacts of an 8-week regimen of aged garlic extract and aerobic exercise on the levels of Fetuin-A and inflammatory markers in the liver and visceral fat tissue of obese male rats. Clin Nutr ESPEN 2023; 58:79-88. [PMID: 38057040 DOI: 10.1016/j.clnesp.2023.09.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2022] [Revised: 08/18/2023] [Accepted: 09/06/2023] [Indexed: 12/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Obesity-induced chronic low-grade systemic inflammation is linked to the development of numerous diseases. Fetuin-A is known to affect inflammation and insulin resistance in obesity conditions. Free fatty acid (FFA)-induced proinflammatory cytokine expression in adipocytes occurs only in the presence of both Fetuin-A and toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) and removing either of them prevented FFA-induced insulin resistance. Aged garlic extract (AGE) and exercise training have anti-inflammatory effects; however, the impact of AGE on Fetuin-A is unknown. We examined the effects of AGE with or without aerobic training (AT) on Fetuin-A and inflammatory markers. METHODS Forty healthy male Sprague Dawley rats were randomly assigned to normal diet (ND) (n = 8) or high-fat diet (HFD) groups (n = 32) and fed for 9 weeks. After 9 weeks ND group continued normal diet, and the HFD group was randomly assigned to the HFD, HFD + AGE (600 mg/kg, once daily), HFD + AT (5 days/week), and HFD + AGE + AT groups that were continued for 8 weeks (n = 8). The significance of differences among groups was assessed using one-way analysis of variance followed by the post-hoc Tukey test. Statistically significant differences were considered for p < 0.05. RESULTS AGE, AT, and AGE + AT significantly decreased body weight, plasma Fetuin-A, HOMA-IR, mRNA and protein levels of Fetuin-A and NFƙB in the liver and mRNA and Protein levels of Fetuin-A, TLR4 and NFƙB in visceral adipose tissue (VAT) compared to HFD. However, only AGE + AT significantly decreased TLR4 protein levels in the liver. CONCLUSION Although AT and AGE reduce Fetuin-A and inflammatory markers, a combination of the two may be more effective at lowering inflammation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Parisa Khabiri
- Department of Exercise Physiology, Faculty of Humanities and Social Sciences, University of Kurdistan, Sanandaj, 66177-15175, Iran.
| | - Mohammad Rahman Rahimi
- Department of Exercise Physiology, Faculty of Humanities and Social Sciences, University of Kurdistan, Sanandaj, 66177-15175, Iran.
| | - Iraj Rashidi
- Department of Anatomical Sciences, School of Medicine, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, 6715847141, Iran.
| | - Seyed Ershad Nedaei
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, 6715847141, Iran.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Li Y, Li Z, Ren Y, Lei Y, Yang S, Shi Y, Peng H, Yang W, Guo T, Yu Y, Xiong Y. Mitochondrial-derived peptides in cardiovascular disease: Novel insights and therapeutic opportunities. J Adv Res 2023:S2090-1232(23)00357-0. [PMID: 38008175 DOI: 10.1016/j.jare.2023.11.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2023] [Revised: 11/14/2023] [Accepted: 11/17/2023] [Indexed: 11/28/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mitochondria-derived peptides (MDPs) represent a recently discovered family of peptides encoded by short open reading frames (ORFs) found within mitochondrial genes. This group includes notable members including humanin (HN), mitochondrial ORF of the 12S rDNA type-c (MOTS-c), and small humanin-like peptides 1-6 (SHLP1-6). MDPs assume pivotal roles in the regulation of diverse cellular processes, encompassing apoptosis, inflammation, and oxidative stress, which are all essential for sustaining cellular viability and normal physiological functions. Their emerging significance extends beyond this, prompting a deeper exploration into their multifaceted roles and potential applications. AIM OF REVIEW This review aims to comprehensively explore the biogenesis, various types, and diverse functions of MDPs. It seeks to elucidate the central roles and underlying mechanisms by which MDPs participate in the onset and development of cardiovascular diseases (CVDs), bridging the connections between cell apoptosis, inflammation, and oxidative stress. Furthermore, the review highlights recent advancements in clinical research related to the utilization of MDPs in CVD diagnosis and treatment. KEY SCIENTIFIC CONCEPTS OF REVIEW MDPs levels are diminished with aging and in the presence of CVDs, rendering them potential new indicators for the diagnosis of CVDs. Also, MDPs may represent a novel and promising strategy for CVD therapy. In this review, we delve into the biogenesis, various types, and diverse functions of MDPs. We aim to shed light on the pivotal roles and the underlying mechanisms through which MDPs contribute to the onset and advancement of CVDs connecting cell apoptosis, inflammation, and oxidative stress. We also provide insights into the current advancements in clinical research related to the utilization of MDPs in the treatment of CVDs. This review may provide valuable information with MDPs for CVD diagnosis and treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yang Li
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Xi'an 710069, Shaanxi, PR China
| | - Zhuozhuo Li
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Xi'an 710069, Shaanxi, PR China
| | - Yuanyuan Ren
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Xi'an 710069, Shaanxi, PR China
| | - Ying Lei
- School of Medicine, Northwest University, Xi'an 710069, Shaanxi, PR China
| | - Silong Yang
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Xi'an 710069, Shaanxi, PR China
| | - Yuqi Shi
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Xi'an 710069, Shaanxi, PR China
| | - Han Peng
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Xi'an 710069, Shaanxi, PR China
| | - Weijie Yang
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Xi'an 710069, Shaanxi, PR China
| | - Tiantian Guo
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Xi'an 710069, Shaanxi, PR China
| | - Yi Yu
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Xi'an 710069, Shaanxi, PR China; School of Medicine, Northwest University, Xi'an 710069, Shaanxi, PR China.
| | - Yuyan Xiong
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Xi'an 710069, Shaanxi, PR China; Xi'an Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular and Cerebrovascular Diseases, Xi'an No.3 Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Northwest University, 710018 Xi'an, Shaanxi, PR China.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Vanhelst J, Srour B, Bourhis L, Charreire H, VerdotDeschasaux-Tanguy CM, Druesne-Pecollo N, de Edelenyi FS, Allègre J, Allès B, Deschamps V, Bellicha A, Fezeu LK, Galan P, Julia C, Kesse-Guyot E, Hercberg S, Bajos N, Severi G, Zins M, de Lamballerie X, Carrat F, Oppert JM, Touvier M. Association of SARS-CoV-2 infection with physical activity domains and types. Sci Rep 2023; 13:19187. [PMID: 37932323 PMCID: PMC10628273 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-46162-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2023] [Accepted: 10/28/2023] [Indexed: 11/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Lockdown imposed in the early phase of the SARS-CoV-2 outbreak represented a specific setting where activity was restricted but still possible. The aim was to investigate the cross-sectional associations between physical activity (PA) and SARS-CoV-2 infection in a French population-based cohort. Participants completed a PA questionnaire. PA was classified into: (i) total PA; (ii) aerobic PA by intensity; (iii) strengthening PA; (iv) PA by domain and type; and (vii) by location. Sedentary time was also recorded. Seroprevalence of anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibodies was assessed. Multivariable logistic regression models controlling for sociodemographic, lifestyle, anthropometric data, health status, and adherence to recommended protective anti-SARS-CoV-2 behaviours were computed. From 22,165 participants included, 21,074 (95.1%) and 1091 (4.9%) had a negative and positive ELISA-S test result, respectively. Total PA, vigorous PA, leisure-time PA, household PA, outdoor PA and indoor PA were all associated with lower probability of SARS-CoV-2 infection. Observations made in such a setting shed light on PA possibilities in a context of restricted mobility, where the health benefits of PA should not be overlooked. Along with already well-established benefits of PA for non-communicable disease prevention, these findings provide additional evidence for policies promoting all types of PA as a lever for population health.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jérémy Vanhelst
- Université Sorbonne Paris Nord and Université Paris Cité, INSERM, INRAE, CNAM, Center of Research in Epidemiology and StatisticS (CRESS), Nutritional Epidemiology Research Team (EREN), 93017, Bobigny, France.
| | - Bernard Srour
- Université Sorbonne Paris Nord and Université Paris Cité, INSERM, INRAE, CNAM, Center of Research in Epidemiology and StatisticS (CRESS), Nutritional Epidemiology Research Team (EREN), 93017, Bobigny, France
| | - Laurent Bourhis
- Université Sorbonne Paris Nord and Université Paris Cité, INSERM, INRAE, CNAM, Center of Research in Epidemiology and StatisticS (CRESS), Nutritional Epidemiology Research Team (EREN), 93017, Bobigny, France
| | - Hélène Charreire
- Université Sorbonne Paris Nord and Université Paris Cité, INSERM, INRAE, CNAM, Center of Research in Epidemiology and StatisticS (CRESS), Nutritional Epidemiology Research Team (EREN), 93017, Bobigny, France
- MoISA, Univ Montpellier, CIRAD, CIHEAM-IAMM, INRAE, Institut Agro, IRD, Montpellier, France
| | - Charlotte Mélanie VerdotDeschasaux-Tanguy
- Université Sorbonne Paris Nord and Université Paris Cité, INSERM, INRAE, CNAM, Center of Research in Epidemiology and StatisticS (CRESS), Nutritional Epidemiology Research Team (EREN), 93017, Bobigny, France
- Santé Publique France, Nutritional Surveillance and Epidemiology Team (ESEN), Sorbonne Paris Nord University, Epidemiology and Statistics Research Center-University of Paris (CRESS), Bobigny, France
| | - Nathalie Druesne-Pecollo
- Université Sorbonne Paris Nord and Université Paris Cité, INSERM, INRAE, CNAM, Center of Research in Epidemiology and StatisticS (CRESS), Nutritional Epidemiology Research Team (EREN), 93017, Bobigny, France
| | - Fabien Szabo de Edelenyi
- Université Sorbonne Paris Nord and Université Paris Cité, INSERM, INRAE, CNAM, Center of Research in Epidemiology and StatisticS (CRESS), Nutritional Epidemiology Research Team (EREN), 93017, Bobigny, France
| | - Julien Allègre
- Université Sorbonne Paris Nord and Université Paris Cité, INSERM, INRAE, CNAM, Center of Research in Epidemiology and StatisticS (CRESS), Nutritional Epidemiology Research Team (EREN), 93017, Bobigny, France
| | - Benjamin Allès
- Université Sorbonne Paris Nord and Université Paris Cité, INSERM, INRAE, CNAM, Center of Research in Epidemiology and StatisticS (CRESS), Nutritional Epidemiology Research Team (EREN), 93017, Bobigny, France
| | - Valérie Deschamps
- Santé Publique France, Nutritional Surveillance and Epidemiology Team (ESEN), Sorbonne Paris Nord University, Epidemiology and Statistics Research Center-University of Paris (CRESS), Bobigny, France
| | - Alice Bellicha
- Université Sorbonne Paris Nord and Université Paris Cité, INSERM, INRAE, CNAM, Center of Research in Epidemiology and StatisticS (CRESS), Nutritional Epidemiology Research Team (EREN), 93017, Bobigny, France
| | - Leopold K Fezeu
- Université Sorbonne Paris Nord and Université Paris Cité, INSERM, INRAE, CNAM, Center of Research in Epidemiology and StatisticS (CRESS), Nutritional Epidemiology Research Team (EREN), 93017, Bobigny, France
| | - Pilar Galan
- Université Sorbonne Paris Nord and Université Paris Cité, INSERM, INRAE, CNAM, Center of Research in Epidemiology and StatisticS (CRESS), Nutritional Epidemiology Research Team (EREN), 93017, Bobigny, France
| | - Chantal Julia
- Université Sorbonne Paris Nord and Université Paris Cité, INSERM, INRAE, CNAM, Center of Research in Epidemiology and StatisticS (CRESS), Nutritional Epidemiology Research Team (EREN), 93017, Bobigny, France
- Département de Santé Publique, APHP, Sorbonne Université, Paris, France
| | - Emmanuelle Kesse-Guyot
- Université Sorbonne Paris Nord and Université Paris Cité, INSERM, INRAE, CNAM, Center of Research in Epidemiology and StatisticS (CRESS), Nutritional Epidemiology Research Team (EREN), 93017, Bobigny, France
| | - Serge Hercberg
- Université Sorbonne Paris Nord and Université Paris Cité, INSERM, INRAE, CNAM, Center of Research in Epidemiology and StatisticS (CRESS), Nutritional Epidemiology Research Team (EREN), 93017, Bobigny, France
| | - Nathalie Bajos
- IRIS, UMR CNRS 8156, EHESS, Inserm U997, Aubervilliers, France
| | - Gianluca Severi
- Paris-Saclay University, UVSQ, Inserm, Gustave Roussy, "Exposome and Heredity" Team, CESP UMR1018, Villejuif, France
- Department of Statistics, Computer Science and Applications "G. Parenti", University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Marie Zins
- Paris University, Paris, France
- Inserm UMS 11, Paris Saclay University, Villejuif, France
| | - Xavier de Lamballerie
- Unité des Virus Emergents (UVE), Aix Marseille Univ, IRD 190, INSERM 1207, Marseille, France
| | - Fabrice Carrat
- Sorbonne Université, Inserm, Institut Pierre-Louis d'Epidémiologie et de Santé Publique, Paris, France
| | - Jean-Michel Oppert
- Université Sorbonne Paris Nord and Université Paris Cité, INSERM, INRAE, CNAM, Center of Research in Epidemiology and StatisticS (CRESS), Nutritional Epidemiology Research Team (EREN), 93017, Bobigny, France
- Department of Nutrition, Human Nutrition Research Center Ile-de-France (CRNH IdF), Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital (AP-HP), Sorbonne University, Paris, France
| | - Mathilde Touvier
- Université Sorbonne Paris Nord and Université Paris Cité, INSERM, INRAE, CNAM, Center of Research in Epidemiology and StatisticS (CRESS), Nutritional Epidemiology Research Team (EREN), 93017, Bobigny, France
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Soltani N, Marandi SM, Hovsepian V, Kazemi M, Esmaeil N. Resistance exercise training augments the immunomodulatory adaptations to aerobic high-intensity interval training. Eur J Sport Sci 2023; 23:2264-2273. [PMID: 37278396 DOI: 10.1080/17461391.2023.2222703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
To compare the effectiveness of different types of high-intensity interval training (HIIT) on meta-inflammation during obesity, TLR4 pathway activities were assessed following a 10-week randomized trial. 30 young females with overweight and obesity were randomly allocated to aerobic HIIT (HIIT/AE) or resistance exercise in HIIT (HIIT/RE) and performed a 28-minute (4 × 4 min) in each session. During each interval, the HIIT/AE performed four minutes of all-extremity cycling, whereas the HIIT/RE completed four minutes of combined resistance exercises and all-extremity cycling. The TLR4 pathway gene expression was measured for the TLR4 receptor, downstream adaptors (TIR domain-containing adaptor-inducing interferon-β (TRIF) and myeloid differentiation factor (MYD) 88), transcriptional factors (nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB), and interferon regulatory factor (IRF) 3), and its negative regulator (tumor necrosis factor (TNF) a-induced protein 3 (TNFAIP3)). The serum levels of TNFα, interferon (IFN) γ, interleukin (IL)-10, and adiponectin were measured. We found that TLR4 (HIIT/RE: 0.6 ± 0.43 vs. HIIT/AE: 1.24 ± 0.82, p = 0.02), TRIF (HIIT/RE: 0.51 ± 0.4 vs. HIIT/AE: 3.56 ± 0.52, p = 0.001), and IRF3 (HIIT/RE: 0.49 ± 0.42 vs. HIIT/AE: 0.6 ± 0.89; p = 0.04) levels were significantly downregulated in HIIT/RE compared to the HIIT/AE, with a significant reduction in serum levels of TNFα (pg/ml) (HIIT/RE: 22.5 ± 11.3 to 6.3 ± 5.3 vs. HIIT/AE: 19.16 ± 20.8 to 13.48 ± 21.7, p = 0.04) and IFNγ (pg/ml) (HIIT/RE: 43.5 ± 20.6 to 37.5 ± 4.3 vs. HIIT/AE: 37.6 ± 5.6 to 68.1 ± 22.5, p = 0.03). Adiponectin and IL-10 levels did not significantly differ between the two groups. Thus, resistance exercise training augments the immunomodulatory adaptations to HIIT and should be prescribed to people at risk of cardiometabolic disease.Highlights HIIT in combination with resistance exercise looks more effective than HIIT alone to target TLR4-mediated inflammation in individuals with overweight and obesity.HIIT/RE induces a different effect on two downstream cascades of TLR4, leading to a greater overall reduction of TRIF-dependent pathway activities compared to MYD88.Both HIIT protocols show comparable effects on the negative regulatory protein TNFAIP3 gene expression.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nakisa Soltani
- Department of Exercise Physiology, Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Isfahan, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Sayyed Mohammad Marandi
- Department of Exercise Physiology, Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Isfahan, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Volga Hovsepian
- Department of Exercise Physiology, Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Isfahan, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Mohammad Kazemi
- Department of Genetics and Molecular Biology, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
- Reproductive Sciences and Sexual Health Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Nafiseh Esmaeil
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Becker M, Joseph SS, Garcia-Carrizo F, Tom RZ, Opaleva D, Serr I, Tschöp MH, Schulz TJ, Hofmann SM, Daniel C. Regulatory T cells require IL6 receptor alpha signaling to control skeletal muscle function and regeneration. Cell Metab 2023; 35:1736-1751.e7. [PMID: 37734370 PMCID: PMC10563138 DOI: 10.1016/j.cmet.2023.08.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2022] [Revised: 02/27/2023] [Accepted: 08/31/2023] [Indexed: 09/23/2023]
Abstract
Muscle-residing regulatory T cells (Tregs) control local tissue integrity and function. However, the molecular interface connecting Treg-based regulation with muscle function and regeneration remains largely unexplored. Here, we show that exercise fosters a stable induction of highly functional muscle-residing Tregs with increased expression of amphiregulin (Areg), EGFR, and ST2. Mechanistically, we find that mice lacking IL6Rα on T cells (TKO) harbor significant reductions in muscle Treg functionality and satellite and fibro-adipogenic progenitor cells, which are required for muscle regeneration. Using exercise and sarcopenia models, IL6Rα TKO mice demonstrate deficits in Tregs, their functional maturation, and a more pronounced decline in muscle mass. Muscle injury models indicate that IL6Rα TKO mice have significant disabilities in muscle regeneration. Treg gain of function restores impaired muscle repair in IL6Rα TKO mice. Of note, pharmacological IL6R blockade in WT mice phenocopies deficits in muscle function identified in IL6Rα TKO mice, thereby highlighting the clinical implications of the findings.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maike Becker
- Research Unit Type 1 Diabetes Immunology, Helmholtz Diabetes Center at Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, 85764 Munich-Neuherberg, Germany; German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), 85764 Munich-Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Sini S Joseph
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), 85764 Munich-Neuherberg, Germany; Institute for Diabetes and Obesity, Helmholtz Diabetes Center at Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, 85764 Munich-Neuherberg, Germany; Division of Metabolic Diseases, Department of Medicine, Technische Universität München, 80333 Munich, Germany
| | - Francisco Garcia-Carrizo
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), 85764 Munich-Neuherberg, Germany; Department of Adipocyte Development and Nutrition, German Institute of Human Nutrition Potsdam-Rehbrücke, 14558 Nuthetal, Germany
| | - Robby Z Tom
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), 85764 Munich-Neuherberg, Germany; Institute for Diabetes and Regeneration, Helmholtz Diabetes Center at Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, 85764 Munich-Neuherberg, Germany; Department of Medicine IV, University Hospital, LMU Munich, 80336 Munich, Germany
| | - Daria Opaleva
- Research Unit Type 1 Diabetes Immunology, Helmholtz Diabetes Center at Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, 85764 Munich-Neuherberg, Germany; German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), 85764 Munich-Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Isabelle Serr
- Research Unit Type 1 Diabetes Immunology, Helmholtz Diabetes Center at Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, 85764 Munich-Neuherberg, Germany; German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), 85764 Munich-Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Matthias H Tschöp
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), 85764 Munich-Neuherberg, Germany; Institute for Diabetes and Obesity, Helmholtz Diabetes Center at Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, 85764 Munich-Neuherberg, Germany; Division of Metabolic Diseases, Department of Medicine, Technische Universität München, 80333 Munich, Germany
| | - Tim J Schulz
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), 85764 Munich-Neuherberg, Germany; Department of Adipocyte Development and Nutrition, German Institute of Human Nutrition Potsdam-Rehbrücke, 14558 Nuthetal, Germany; University of Potsdam, Institute of Nutritional Science, Potsdam-Rehbrücke, 14558 Nuthetal, Germany
| | - Susanna M Hofmann
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), 85764 Munich-Neuherberg, Germany; Institute for Diabetes and Regeneration, Helmholtz Diabetes Center at Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, 85764 Munich-Neuherberg, Germany; Department of Medicine IV, University Hospital, LMU Munich, 80336 Munich, Germany
| | - Carolin Daniel
- Research Unit Type 1 Diabetes Immunology, Helmholtz Diabetes Center at Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, 85764 Munich-Neuherberg, Germany; German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), 85764 Munich-Neuherberg, Germany; Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Medicine IV, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, 80337 Munich, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Gao H, Zhao Y, Zhao L, Wang Z, Yan K, Gao B, Zhang L. The Role of Oxidative Stress in Multiple Exercise-Regulated Bone Homeostasis. Aging Dis 2023; 14:1555-1582. [PMID: 37196112 PMCID: PMC10529750 DOI: 10.14336/ad.2023.0223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2022] [Accepted: 02/23/2023] [Indexed: 05/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Bone is a tissue that is active throughout the lifespan, and its physiological activities, such as growth, development, absorption, and formation, are always ongoing. All types of stimulation that occur in sports play an important role in regulating the physiological activities of bone. Here, we track the latest research progress locally and abroad, summarize the recent, relevant research results, and systematically summarize the effects of different types of exercise on bone mass, bone strength and bone metabolism. We found that different types of exercise have different effects on bone health due to their unique technical characteristics. Oxidative stress is an important mechanism mediating the exercise regulation of bone homeostasis. Excessive high-intensity exercise does not benefit bone health but induces a high level of oxidative stress in the body, which has a negative impact on bone tissue. Regular moderate exercise can improve the body's antioxidant defense ability, inhibit an excessive oxidative stress response, promote the positive balance of bone metabolism, delay age-related bone loss and deterioration of bone microstructures and have a prevention and treatment effect on osteoporosis caused by many factors. Based on the above findings, we provide evidence for the role of exercise in the prevention and treatment of bone diseases. This study provides a systematic basis for clinicians and professionals to reasonably formulate exercise prescriptions and provides exercise guidance for patients and the general public. This study also provides a reference for follow-up research.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Haoyang Gao
- School of Exercise and Health, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai, China
| | - Yilong Zhao
- Putuo Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Linlin Zhao
- School of Exercise and Health, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhikun Wang
- School of Exercise and Health, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai, China
| | - Kai Yan
- School of Exercise and Health, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai, China
| | - Bo Gao
- Institute of Orthopedic Surgery, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, China
| | - Lingli Zhang
- College of Athletic Performance, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai, China
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Steinacker JM, van Mechelen W, Bloch W, Börjesson M, Casasco M, Wolfarth B, Knoke C, Papadopoulou T, Wendt J, Al Tunaiji H, Andresen D, Andrieieva O, Bachl N, Badtieva V, Beucher FJ, Blauwet CA, Casajus Mallen JA, Chang JH, Clénin G, Constantini N, Constantinou D, Di Luigi L, Declercq L, Doutreleau S, Drozdovska S, Duclos M, Ermolao A, Fischbach T, Fischer AN, Fossati C, Franchella J, Fulcher M, Galle JC, Gerloff C, Georgiades E, Gojanovic B, González Gross M, Grote A, Halle M, Hauner H, Herring MP, Hiura M, Holze K, Huber G, Hughes D, Hutchinson MR, Ionescu A, Janse van Rensburg DC, Jegier A, Jones N, Kappert-Gonther K, Kellerer M, Kimura Y, Kiopa A, Kladny B, Koch G, Kolle E, Kolt G, Koutedakis Y, Kress S, Kriemler S, Kröger J, Kuhn C, Laszlo R, Lehnert R, Lhuissier FJ, Lüdtke K, Makita S, Manonelles Marqueta P, März W, Micallef-Stafrace K, Miller M, Moore M, Müller E, Neunhäuserer D, Onur IR, Ööpik V, Perl M, Philippou A, Predel HG, Racinais S, Raslanas A, Reer R, Reinhardt K, Reinsberger C, Rozenstoka S, Sallis R, Sardinha LB, Scherer M, Schipperijn J, Seil R, Tan B, Schmidt-Trucksäss A, Schumacher N, Schwaab B, Schwirtz A, Suzuki M, Swart J, Tiesler R, Tippelt U, Tillet E, Thornton J, Ulkar B, Unt E, Verhagen E, Weikert T, Vettor R, Zeng S, Budgett R, Engebretsen L, Erdener U, Pigozzi F, Pitsiladis YP. Global Alliance for the Promotion of Physical Activity: the Hamburg Declaration. BMJ Open Sport Exerc Med 2023; 9:e001626. [PMID: 37533594 PMCID: PMC10391804 DOI: 10.1136/bmjsem-2023-001626] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/29/2023] [Indexed: 08/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Non-communicable diseases (NCDs), including coronary heart disease, stroke, hypertension, type 2 diabetes, dementia, depression and cancers, are on the rise worldwide and are often associated with a lack of physical activity (PA). Globally, the levels of PA among individuals are below WHO recommendations. A lack of PA can increase morbidity and mortality, worsen the quality of life and increase the economic burden on individuals and society. In response to this trend, numerous organisations came together under one umbrella in Hamburg, Germany, in April 2021 and signed the 'Hamburg Declaration'. This represented an international commitment to take all necessary actions to increase PA and improve the health of individuals to entire communities. Individuals and organisations are working together as the 'Global Alliance for the Promotion of Physical Activity' to drive long-term individual and population-wide behaviour change by collaborating with all stakeholders in the community: active hospitals, physical activity specialists, community services and healthcare providers, all achieving sustainable health goals for their patients/clients. The 'Hamburg Declaration' calls on national and international policymakers to take concrete action to promote daily PA and exercise at a population level and in healthcare settings.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jürgen M Steinacker
- Division of Sports and Rehabilitation Medicine, University Hospital Ulm, Ulm, Germany
- European Initiative for Exercise in Medicine (EIEIM), Ulm, Germany
- International Federation of Sports Medicine, Fédération Internationale de Médecine du Sport (FIMS), Lausanne, Switzerland
- Institute for Rehabilitation Medicine Research at Ulm University, Institut für rehabilitationsmedizinische Forschung an der Universität Ulm, Bad Buchau, Germany
| | - Willem van Mechelen
- European Initiative for Exercise in Medicine (EIEIM), Ulm, Germany
- Department of Public and Occupational Health, location Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Amsterdam, Netherlands
- School of Human Movement and Nutrition Sciences, Faculty of Health and Behavioural Sciences, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
- Division of Exercise Science and Sports Medicine (ESSM), Department of Human Biology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
- UCD School of Public Health, Physiotherapy and Sports Science, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Wilhelm Bloch
- Institute for Cardiology and Sports Medicine, German Sport University, Cologne, Germany
- Exercise is Medicine Germany, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Mats Börjesson
- European Initiative for Exercise in Medicine (EIEIM), Ulm, Germany
- Department of Molecular and Clinical Medicine, University of Gothenburg, Goteborg, Sweden
- Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Goteborg, Region Västra Götaland, Sweden
| | | | - Bernd Wolfarth
- International Federation of Sports Medicine, Fédération Internationale de Médecine du Sport (FIMS), Lausanne, Switzerland
- Department of Sport Medicine, Humboldt University and Charité University School of Medicine, Berlin, Deutschland, Germany
- German Society for Sports Medicine and Prevention, Deutsche Gesellschaft für Sportmedizin und Prävention (DGSP), Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Carolin Knoke
- Division of Sports and Rehabilitation Medicine, University Hospital Ulm, Ulm, Germany
- European Initiative for Exercise in Medicine (EIEIM), Ulm, Germany
| | - Theodora Papadopoulou
- Defence Medical Rehabilitation Centre, Stanford Hall, Loughborough, UK
- British Association of Sport and Exercise Medicine, Doncaster, South Yorkshire, UK
| | - Janine Wendt
- Division of Sports and Rehabilitation Medicine, University Hospital Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | - Hashel Al Tunaiji
- Sports Medicine, United Arab Emirates National Olympic Committee, Dubai, UAE
- Sports Medicine & Sciences Unit, Zayed Military University, Abu Dhabi, UAE
| | | | - Olena Andrieieva
- Department of Health, Fitness and Recreation, National University of Physical Education and Sport of Ukraine, Kiew, Ukraine
| | - Norbert Bachl
- Institute of Sports Science, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
- International Federation of Sports Medicine, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Victoriya Badtieva
- Sport Medicine, I M Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Moscow, Russia
- Sport Medicine, Moscow Scientific and Practical Center of Medical Rehabilitation and Sports Medicine, Moscow, Russian
| | - Friedhelm J Beucher
- National Paralympic Committee Germany (Deutscher Behindertensportverband (DBS), Bonn, Germany
| | - Cheri A Blauwet
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Spaulding Rehabilitation Hospital and Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Jose-Antonio Casajus Mallen
- University of Zaragoza, GENUD “Growth, Exercise, NUtrition and Development” Research Group, Zaragoza, Spain
- Department of Physiatry and Nursing, Faculty of Health and Sport Science (FCSD), University of Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain
- Exercise is Medicine Spain, University of Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Ju-Ho Chang
- The Association for International Sport for All (TAFISA), Frankfurt, Germany
| | - German Clénin
- Sportsmedical Centre Bern-Ittigen, Ittigen, Switzerland
- Sport and Exercise Medicine Switzerland (SEMS), Bern, Switzerland
| | - Naama Constantini
- Shaare Zedek Medical Center, Hebrew University, Jerusalem, Israel
- Exercise is Medicine Israel, Hebrew University, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Demitri Constantinou
- Centre for Exercise Science and Sports Medicine, University of Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
- South African Sports Medicine Association (SASMA), Pretoria, South Africa
| | - Luigi Di Luigi
- Unit of Endocrinology - Department of Movement, Human and Health Sciences, University of Rome Foro Italico, Rome, Italy
| | | | - Stephane Doutreleau
- Department of Sports Medicine, University Grenoble Alpes, Grenoble, Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes, France
- French Society of Exercise and Sports Medicine, Société Française de Médecine de l'Exercice et du Sport, Paris, France
| | - Svitlana Drozdovska
- National University of Physical Education and Sport of Ukraine, Kyiv, Ukraine
| | - Martine Duclos
- French Society of Exercise and Sports Medicine, Société Française de Médecine de l'Exercice et du Sport, Paris, France
- Department of Sport Medicine and Functional Explorations, University-Hospital (CHU), G. Montpied Hospital, Clermont-Ferrand, France
- UMR 1019, INRAE, French National Research Institute for Agriculture, Food and Environment, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Andrea Ermolao
- Sports and Exercise Medicine Division, Department of Medicine, Università degli Studi di Padova, Padova, Italy
- Exercise is Medicine Italy, Università degli Studi di Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Thomas Fischbach
- German Association of Paediatric and Adolescent Care Specialists, BVKJ - Berufsverband der Kinder- und Jugendärzte, Cologne, Germany
| | - Anastasia N Fischer
- Sports Medicine and Pediatrics, Nationwide Children's Hospital and The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA
- American College of Sports Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
| | - Chiara Fossati
- Faculty of Sport and Exercise Sciences, University of Rome 'Foro Italico', Roma, Lazio, Italy
| | - Jeorge Franchella
- Hospital de Clínicas José San Martin, University of Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Mark Fulcher
- Australasian College of Sport and Exercise Physicians, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- AUT Sports Performance Research Institute New Zealand, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Jan C Galle
- German Society of Nephrology (Deutsche Gesellschaft für Nephrologie (DGfN)), Berlin, Germany
| | - Christian Gerloff
- German Society for Neurology (Deutsche Gesellschaft für Neurologie (DGN)), Berlin, Germany
| | | | - Boris Gojanovic
- Sports Medicine, Swiss Olympic Medical Center, Hopital de la Tour, Meyrin, Geneva, Switzerland
- SportAdo Consultation - Multidisciplinary Unit of Adolescent Health, University Hospital of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Marcela González Gross
- Exercise is Medicine Spain, University of Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain
- Department of Health and Human Performance - Facultad de CC de la Actividad Física y del Deporte, INEF Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Andy Grote
- Senat, Freie und Hansestadt Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Martin Halle
- European Association of Preventive Cardiology (EAPC), European Society of Cardiology (ECS), Biot, France
- Department of Prevention and Sports Medicine, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München, München, Germany
| | - Hans Hauner
- German Diabetes Foundation, Deutsche Diabetes Stiftung, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | | | - Mikio Hiura
- Center for Brain and Health Sciences, Aomori University, Aomori, Japan
| | - Kerstin Holze
- German Olympic Sports Confederation, Deutscher Olympischer Sportbund, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Gerhard Huber
- Institute of Sports and Sport Science, University Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
- Deutscher Verband für Gesundheitssport und Sporttherapie e.V. (DVGS), Hamburg, Germany
| | - David Hughes
- Sports Medicine, Australian Institute of Sport, Canberra, Canberra, Australia
- Australian Institute of Sport, Australian Sports Commission, Canberra, Canberra, Australia
| | - Mark R. Hutchinson
- American College of Sports Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
- Department of Orthopaedics, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
- American College of Sports Medicine Foundation, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
| | - Anca Ionescu
- European Federation of Sports Medicine Associations (EFSMA), Lausanne, Switzerland
- Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Bucharest, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Dina Christina Janse van Rensburg
- South African Sports Medicine Association (SASMA), Pretoria, South Africa
- Section Sports Medicine, University of Pretoria Faculty of Health Sciences, Pretoria, Gauteng, South Africa
| | - Anna Jegier
- European Federation of Sports Medicine Associations (EFSMA), Lausanne, Switzerland
- Department of Sports Medicine, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
| | - Natasha Jones
- Moving Medicine, Faculty of Sport and Exercise Medicine UK, Edinburgh, UK
| | | | - Monika Kellerer
- German Diabetes Foundation, Deutsche Diabetes Stiftung, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Yutaka Kimura
- Health Science Center, Kansai Medical University, Osaka, Japan
- Exercise is Medicine Japan, Japanese Society of Physical Fitness and Sports Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | | | - Bernd Kladny
- German Society of Orthopaedics and Trauma (Deutsche Gesellschaft für Orthopädie und Unfallchirurgie (DGOU)) with the German Society for Trauma Surgery (DGU) and German Society of Orthopaedics and Orthopaedic Surgery (DGOOC), Berlin, Germany
| | - Gerhard Koch
- Platform on Nutrition and Physical Activity, Plattform Ernährung und Bewegung e.V. (peb), Berlin, Germany
| | - Elin Kolle
- Exercise is Medicine Norway, Oslo, Norway
| | - Greg Kolt
- School of Science and Health, University of Western Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Yiannis Koutedakis
- Exercise is Medicine Greece, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
- School of Exercise Science and Dietetics, University of Thessaly, Trikala, Greece
| | - Stephan Kress
- German Diabetes Association (Deutsche Diabetes Gesellschaft (DDG)), Berlin, Germany
| | - Susi Kriemler
- Sport and Exercise Medicine Switzerland (SEMS), Bern, Switzerland
- Institute of Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Prevention, Zuerich University, Zuerich, Switzerland
| | - Jens Kröger
- German Diabetes Support (diabetesDE - Deutsche Diabetes-Hilfe), Charlottenburg, Germany
| | - Christian Kuhn
- German Alliance for Baths, Bäderallianz Deutschland, Köln, Germany
- International Assocation for Sport and Leisure Facilities, Köln, Germany
| | - Roman Laszlo
- German Cardiac Society (Deutsche Gesellschaft für Kardiologie – Herz- und Kreislaufforschung (DGK)), Düsseldorf, Nordrhein-Westfalen, Germany
| | - Ralph Lehnert
- Hamburg Sport Association (Hamburger Sportbund e.V.), Hamburg, Germany
| | - François J Lhuissier
- French Society of Exercise and Sports Medicine, Société Française de Médecine de l'Exercice et du Sport, Paris, France
- UMR INSERM 1272 Hypoxie et poumon, Université Sorbonne Paris Nord - Campus de Bobigny, Bobigny, France
- Hôpital Jean-Verdier, Médecine de l’exercice et du sport, Assistance Publique - Hôpitaux de Paris, Bondy, France
| | - Kerstin Lüdtke
- German Society for Physiotherapy Science (Deutsche Gesellschaft für Physiotherapiewissenschaft (DGPTW)), Hamburg, Germany
| | - Shigeru Makita
- Exercise is Medicine Japan, Japanese Society of Physical Fitness and Sports Medicine, Osaka, Japan
- Dept. of Rehabilitation, Saitama Medical University, Saitama, Japan
| | - Pedro Manonelles Marqueta
- International Federation of Sports Medicine, Lausanne, Switzerland
- Dept. of Rehabilitation, Saitama Medical University, Saitama, Japan
| | - Winfried März
- D.A.CH Society Prevention of Cardiovascular Diseases, D.A.CH-Gesellschaft Prävention von Herz-Kreislauf-Erkrankungen, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Kirill Micallef-Stafrace
- European Federation of Sports Medicine Associations (EFSMA), Lausanne, Switzerland
- University Sports Complex, Institute for Physical Education and Sport, Msida, Malta
| | - Mike Miller
- World Olympians Association (WOA), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | | | - Erich Müller
- European College of Sport Science, Köln, Germany
| | - Daniel Neunhäuserer
- Sports and Exercise Medicine Division, Department of Medicine, Università degli Studi di Padova, Padova, Italy
- Exercise is Medicine Italy, Università degli Studi di Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - I. Renay Onur
- Istanbul Spor Etkinlikleri ve Isletmeciligi A S, City of Istanbul, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Vahur Ööpik
- Institute of Sport Sciences and Physiotherapy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
| | | | - Anastassios Philippou
- Exercise is Medicine Greece, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Hans-Georg Predel
- German Hypertension League (Deutsche Hochdruckliga e.V. (DHL)), Heidelberg, Baden-Württemberg, Germany
- German Society for Hypertension and Prevention (Deutsche Gesellschaft für Hypertonie und Prävention), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Sebastien Racinais
- Research Education Centre, ASPETAR - Qatar Orthopaedic and Sports Medicine Hospital, Doha, Qatar
| | - Algirdas Raslanas
- Department of Educational Assistance, Physical and Health Education, Vytautas Magnus University, Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Ruediger Reer
- European Initiative for Exercise in Medicine (EIEIM), Ulm, Germany
- European Federation of Sports Medicine Associations (EFSMA), Lausanne, Switzerland
- Department of Movement Science, University of Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Klaus Reinhardt
- German Medical Association (Bundesaerztekammer), Berlin, Germany
| | - Claus Reinsberger
- German Society for Sports Medicine and Prevention, Deutsche Gesellschaft für Sportmedizin und Prävention (DGSP), Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Sandra Rozenstoka
- International Federation of Sports Medicine, Lausanne, Switzerland
- Rīga Stradiņš University, Riga, Latvia
- Sports Laboratory, Sports Medicine and Physical Health Centre, Riga, Latvia, Riga, Latvia
- Latvian Sports Medicine Association, Riga, Latvia
| | - Robert Sallis
- Family Medicine, Kaiser Permanente, Fontana, California, USA
| | - Luis B Sardinha
- Exercise is Medicine Portugal, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
- Exercise and Health Laboratory, CIPER, Faculdade de Motricidade Humana, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Martin Scherer
- German Society of General Practice and Family Medicine (Deutsche Gesellschaft für Allgemeinmedizin und Familienmedizin (DEGAM)), Berlin, Germany
- Department of General Practice and Primary Care, University Medical Center, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Jasper Schipperijn
- International Society for Physical Activity and Health (ISPAH), Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Romain Seil
- Society for Orthopaedic and Traumatologic Sports Medicine (GOTS), Jena, Germany
| | - Benedict Tan
- Exercise is Medicine Singapore, Singapore
- Department of Sport & Exercise Medicine, Changi General Hospital, Singapore
| | - Arno Schmidt-Trucksäss
- Division of Sports and Exercise Medicine, Department of Sport, Exercise and Health, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Nils Schumacher
- Department of Movement Science, University of Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Bernhard Schwaab
- German Society for the Prevention and Rehabilitation of Cardiovascular Diseases (Deutsche Gesellschaft für Prävention und Rehabilitation von Herz-Kreislauferkrankungen (DGPR)), Koblenz, Germany
| | - Ansgar Schwirtz
- German Society of Sports Science, Deutsche Vereinigung für Sportwissenschaft (DVS), Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Masato Suzuki
- Exercise is Medicine Japan, Japanese Society of Physical Fitness and Sports Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Jeroen Swart
- International Federation of Sports Medicine, Lausanne, Switzerland
- Health through Physical Activity, Lifestyle and Sport (HPALS) Research Centre, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Ralph Tiesler
- Federal Institute for Sports Science (Bundesinstitut für Sportwissenschaft (BISp)), Bonn, Nordrhein-Westfalen, Germany
| | - Ulf Tippelt
- Institute for Applied Training Science Leipzig, Leipzig, Sachsen, Germany
| | - Eleanor Tillet
- British Association of Sport and Exercise Medicine, Doncaster, South Yorkshire, UK
- Division of Surgery and Interventional Science, University College London, London, UK
| | - Jane Thornton
- Public Health and Family Medicine, University of Western Ontario Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Bulent Ulkar
- International Federation of Sports Medicine, Lausanne, Switzerland
- Sports Medicine Department, Faculty of Medicine, Ankara University, Ankara, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Eve Unt
- Department of Sports Medicine and Rehabilitation, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Evert Verhagen
- Department of Public and Occupational Health, location Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Thomas Weikert
- German Olympic Sports Confederation, Deutscher Olympischer Sportbund, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Roberto Vettor
- Exercise is Medicine Italy, Università degli Studi di Padova, Padova, Italy
- Department of Medicine, Università degli Studi di Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Sheng Zeng
- International Federation of Sports Medicine, Lausanne, Switzerland
- Laboratory of Regenerative Medicine, Haikou, Hainan, China
| | | | - Lars Engebretsen
- International Olympic Committee, Lausanne, Switzerland
- Division of Orthopedic Surgery, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Ugur Erdener
- International Olympic Committee, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Fabio Pigozzi
- International Federation of Sports Medicine, Fédération Internationale de Médecine du Sport (FIMS), Lausanne, Switzerland
- Department of Movement, Human and Health Sciences, University of Rome “Foro Italico”, Rome, Italy
| | - Yannis P Pitsiladis
- International Federation of Sports Medicine, Fédération Internationale de Médecine du Sport (FIMS), Lausanne, Switzerland
- School of Sport and Health Sciences, University of Brighton, Eastbourne, UK
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Piotrowska K, Zgutka K, Tkacz M, Tarnowski M. Physical Activity as a Modern Intervention in the Fight against Obesity-Related Inflammation in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus and Gestational Diabetes. Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 12:1488. [PMID: 37627482 PMCID: PMC10451679 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12081488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2023] [Revised: 07/18/2023] [Accepted: 07/21/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Diabetes is one of the greatest healthcare problems; it requires an appropriate approach to the patient, especially when it concerns pregnant women. Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is a common metabolic condition in pregnancy that shares many features with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). T2DM and GDM induce oxidative stress, which activates cellular stress signalling. In addition, the risk of diabetes during pregnancy can lead to various complications for the mother and foetus. It has been shown that physical activity is an important tool to not only treat the negative effects of diabetes but also to prevent its progression or even reverse the changes already made by limiting the inflammatory process. Physical activity has a huge impact on the immune status of an individual. Various studies have shown that regular training sessions cause changes in circulating immune cell levels, cytokine activation, production and secretion and changes in microRNA, all of which have a positive effect on the well-being of the diabetic patient, mother and foetus.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Katarzyna Piotrowska
- Department of Physiology, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, al. Powstancow Wlkp. 72, 70-111 Szczecin, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Zgutka
- Department of Physiology in Health Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, Zolnierska 54, 70-210 Szczecin, Poland
| | - Marta Tkacz
- Department of Physiology in Health Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, Zolnierska 54, 70-210 Szczecin, Poland
| | - Maciej Tarnowski
- Department of Physiology in Health Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, Zolnierska 54, 70-210 Szczecin, Poland
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Deng MC. An exercise immune fitness test to unravel mechanisms of Post-Acute Sequelae of COVID-19. Expert Rev Clin Immunol 2023; 19:693-697. [PMID: 37190994 PMCID: PMC10330575 DOI: 10.1080/1744666x.2023.2214364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2023] [Accepted: 05/11/2023] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Mario C. Deng
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, David Geffen School of Medicine, UCLA Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, United States
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
He H, Lin X, Tong T, Xu Y, Hong H, Zhang J, Xu Y, Huang C, Zhou Z. Cadmium exposure impairs skeletal muscle function by altering lipid signature and inducing inflammation in C57BL/6J mice. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2023; 258:114986. [PMID: 37163905 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2023.114986] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2022] [Revised: 04/18/2023] [Accepted: 05/03/2023] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Cadmium (Cd) is a well-known environmental pollutant with high toxicity. Despite a variety of studies have demonstrated that Cd exposure induces multiple organ damages in humans, there is still a lack of knowledge of Cd induced skeletal muscle impairment. Exercise is a non-invasive, effective intervention to improve human health and combat diseases. In this study, we aimed to evaluate the toxic effects of Cd exposure on skeletal muscle function and explore the possibility of exercise for attenuating skeletal muscle toxicity of chronic Cd exposure. C57BL/6J mice were exposed to Cd via drinking water containing CdCl2 10 mg/dL for 8 weeks while a moderate exercise was daily induced by a motorized treadmill to mice. It was found that Cd exposure significantly reduced the ratio of gastrocnemius and body weight, decreased mouse exercise capacity, weakened muscle strength, promoted lipid accumulation and up-regulated pro-apoptotic genes in the skeletal muscle. Non-targeted lipidomics analysis indicated that Cd exposure disturbed lipid metabolism, altered lipid signatures and elevated pro-inflammatory lipid species in the skeletal muscle. Moreover, Cd exposure evoked an intense inflammatory response in the skeletal muscle by up-regulating pro-inflammatory cytokine production such as Eotaxin (CCL11), TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6, RANTES (CCL5) and so on. Notably, treadmill exercise effectively protected against Cd induced skeletal muscle impairment indicated by the effects of inhibiting lipid metabolism disturbance, suppressing pro-inflammatory cytokine production and preserving skeletal muscle function. These results demonstrated that environment relevant Cd exposure impairs skeletal muscle function and exercise effectively antagonizes the Cd toxicity in the skeletal muscle and preserves skeletal muscle function. This study provided the novel evidence for unraveling Cd toxicity on the skeletal muscle function and highlighted the possibility of considering exercise as a countermeasure for Cd induced skeletal muscle impairment at population level.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Haotian He
- Department of Environmental Medicine, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xiqin Lin
- Department of Environmental Medicine, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Tong Tong
- Department of Environmental Medicine, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yudong Xu
- Department of Environmental Medicine, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Huihui Hong
- Department of Environmental Medicine, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jingjing Zhang
- Department of Environmental Medicine, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yongjin Xu
- Department of Sports and Exercise Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Cong Huang
- Department of Sports and Exercise Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China; Department of Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan.
| | - Zhou Zhou
- Department of Environmental Medicine, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China; Center for Neurointelligence, School of Medicine, Chongqing University, Chongqing, China.
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Callegari IOM, Rocha GZ, Oliveira AG. Physical exercise, health, and disease treatment: The role of macrophages. Front Physiol 2023; 14:1061353. [PMID: 37179836 PMCID: PMC10166825 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2023.1061353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2022] [Accepted: 04/11/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Subclinical inflammation is linked to comorbidities and risk factors, consolidating the diagnosis of chronic non-communicable diseases, such as insulin resistance, atherosclerosis, hepatic steatosis, and some types of cancer. In this context, the role of macrophages is highlighted as a marker of inflammation as well as for the high power of plasticity of these cells. Macrophages can be activated in a wide range between classical or proinflammatory, named M1, and alternative or anti-inflammatory, also known as M2 polarization. All nuances between M1 and M2 macrophages orchestrate the immune response by secreting different sets of chemokines, while M1 cells promote Th1 response, the M2 macrophages recruit Th2 and Tregs lymphocytes. In turn, physical exercise has been a faithful tool in combating the proinflammatory phenotype of macrophages. This review proposes to investigate the cellular and molecular mechanisms in which physical exercise can help control inflammation and infiltration of macrophages within the non-communicable diseases scope. During obesity progress, proinflammatory macrophages predominate in adipose tissue inflammation, which reduces insulin sensitivity until the development of type 2 diabetes, progression of atherosclerosis, and diagnosis of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. In this case, physical activity restores the balance between the proinflammatory/anti-inflammatory macrophage ratio, reducing the level of meta-inflammation. In the case of cancer, the tumor microenvironment is compatible with a high level of hypoxia, which contributes to the advancement of the disease. However, exercise increases the level of oxygen supply, favoring macrophage polarization in favor of disease regression.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Irineu O. M. Callegari
- Department of Physical Education, Bioscience Institute, São Paulo State University (UNESP), São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Guilherme Z. Rocha
- Department of Internal Medicine, State University of Campinas, Campinas, Brazil
| | - Alexandre G. Oliveira
- Department of Physical Education, Bioscience Institute, São Paulo State University (UNESP), São Paulo, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Goj T, Hoene M, Fritsche L, Schneeweiss P, Machann J, Petrera A, Hauck SM, Fritsche A, Birkenfeld AL, Peter A, Heni M, Niess AM, Moller A, Weigert C. The Acute Cytokine Response to 30-Minute Exercise Bouts Before and After 8-Week Endurance Training in Individuals With Obesity. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2023; 108:865-875. [PMID: 36285617 PMCID: PMC9999360 DOI: 10.1210/clinem/dgac623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2022] [Revised: 09/30/2022] [Indexed: 02/13/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT One acute bout of exercise leads to a rapid increase in the systemic cytokine concentration. Regular exercise might alter the cytokine response, in particular in beforehand untrained and obese individuals. OBJECTIVE Using a proximity extension assay, we studied the effects of acute exercise as well as endurance training on a panel of 92 cytokines related to inflammation. METHODS A total of 22 individuals (30 ± 9 years; peak oxygen uptake [VO2peak] 25.2 ± 4.2 mL/[kg × min]; body mass index [BMI] 31.7 ± 4.4) participated in an 8-week endurance exercise intervention. Blood samples were collected before and immediately after 30 minutes' ergometer exercise at 80% VO2peak. RESULTS Before and after the training intervention, 40 and 37 cytokines, respectively, were acutely increased more than 1.2-fold (Benjamini-Hochberg [BH]-adjusted P < .05). The exercise intervention did not change the acute increase in cytokines nor the resting cytokine levels, whereas fitness was improved and adiposity reduced. The increase in fitness led to a slight increase in power output when exercising at the same heart rate, which might explain the comparable increase in cytokines before and after the intervention. The largest acute increase was found for OSM, TGFA, CXCL1 and 5, and TNFSF14 (≥ 1.9-fold, BH-adjusted P < .001). The transcript levels of these proteins in whole blood were also elevated, particularly in the trained state. Only the acute increase in IL6 (1.3-fold) was related to the increase in lactate, confirming the lactate-driven secretion of IL6. CONCLUSION Our comprehensive proteomics approach detected several underexplored serum exerkines with up to now less understood function in the adaptation to exercise.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Goj
- Department for Diagnostic Laboratory Medicine, Institute for Clinical Chemistry and Pathobiochemistry, University Hospital Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
- Institute for Diabetes Research and Metabolic Diseases of Helmholtz Zentrum München at the University of Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), 85764 Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Miriam Hoene
- Department for Diagnostic Laboratory Medicine, Institute for Clinical Chemistry and Pathobiochemistry, University Hospital Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Louise Fritsche
- Institute for Diabetes Research and Metabolic Diseases of Helmholtz Zentrum München at the University of Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), 85764 Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Patrick Schneeweiss
- Department of Sports Medicine, University Hospital Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
- Interfaculty Research Institute for Sports and Physical Activity, University of Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Jürgen Machann
- Institute for Diabetes Research and Metabolic Diseases of Helmholtz Zentrum München at the University of Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), 85764 Neuherberg, Germany
- Section on Experimental Radiology, Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, University Hospital Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Agnese Petrera
- Metabolomics and Proteomics Core, Helmholtz Zentrum München, 80939 Munich, Germany
| | - Stefanie M Hauck
- Metabolomics and Proteomics Core, Helmholtz Zentrum München, 80939 Munich, Germany
| | - Andreas Fritsche
- Institute for Diabetes Research and Metabolic Diseases of Helmholtz Zentrum München at the University of Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), 85764 Neuherberg, Germany
- Department of Internal Medicine IV, University Hospital Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Andreas L Birkenfeld
- Institute for Diabetes Research and Metabolic Diseases of Helmholtz Zentrum München at the University of Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), 85764 Neuherberg, Germany
- Department of Internal Medicine IV, University Hospital Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Andreas Peter
- Department for Diagnostic Laboratory Medicine, Institute for Clinical Chemistry and Pathobiochemistry, University Hospital Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
- Institute for Diabetes Research and Metabolic Diseases of Helmholtz Zentrum München at the University of Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), 85764 Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Martin Heni
- Department for Diagnostic Laboratory Medicine, Institute for Clinical Chemistry and Pathobiochemistry, University Hospital Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
- Institute for Diabetes Research and Metabolic Diseases of Helmholtz Zentrum München at the University of Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), 85764 Neuherberg, Germany
- Department of Sports Medicine, University Hospital Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
- Division of Endocrinology and Diabetology, Department of Internal Medicine 1, University Hospital Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | - Andreas M Niess
- Department of Sports Medicine, University Hospital Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
- Interfaculty Research Institute for Sports and Physical Activity, University of Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Anja Moller
- Institute for Diabetes Research and Metabolic Diseases of Helmholtz Zentrum München at the University of Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), 85764 Neuherberg, Germany
- Department of Internal Medicine IV, University Hospital Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Cora Weigert
- Correspondence: Cora Weigert, PhD, Institute for Clinical Chemistry and Pathobiochemistry, University Hospital Tübingen, Hoppe-Seyler-Str 3, 72076 Tübingen, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Kirwan JP, Heintz EC, Rebello CJ, Axelrod CL. Exercise in the Prevention and Treatment of Type 2 Diabetes. Compr Physiol 2023; 13:4559-4585. [PMID: 36815623 DOI: 10.1002/cphy.c220009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/24/2023]
Abstract
Type 2 diabetes is a systemic, multifactorial disease that is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality globally. Despite a rise in the number of available medications and treatments available for management, exercise remains a first-line prevention and intervention strategy due to established safety, efficacy, and tolerability in the general population. Herein we review the predisposing risk factors for, prevention, pathophysiology, and treatment of type 2 diabetes. We emphasize key cellular and molecular adaptive processes that provide insight into our evolving understanding of how, when, and what types of exercise may improve glycemic control. © 2023 American Physiological Society. Compr Physiol 13:1-27, 2023.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- John P Kirwan
- Integrative Physiology and Molecular Medicine Laboratory, Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Baton Rouge, Louisiana, USA
| | - Elizabeth C Heintz
- Integrative Physiology and Molecular Medicine Laboratory, Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Baton Rouge, Louisiana, USA
| | - Candida J Rebello
- Integrative Physiology and Molecular Medicine Laboratory, Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Baton Rouge, Louisiana, USA
| | - Christopher L Axelrod
- Integrative Physiology and Molecular Medicine Laboratory, Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Baton Rouge, Louisiana, USA
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Inflammatory and Cardiovascular Correlates of Physical Activity and Sedentary Behavior in Older Adults Living With HIV. J Phys Act Health 2023; 20:149-156. [PMID: 36640774 DOI: 10.1123/jpah.2022-0304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2022] [Revised: 10/07/2022] [Accepted: 11/11/2022] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Inflammation is an indicator of oxidative stress that may contribute to cardiovascular diseases in older people living with HIV (OPWH). Physical activity (PA) may reduce these biomarkers in OPWH, but little is known about the association of PA with inflammatory and cardiovascular biomarkers. We sought to examine the inflammatory and cardiovascular biomarker correlates of PA and sedentary behavior in OPWH. METHODS We included 101 OPWH with complete assessments of PA, sedentary behavior, and biomarker data to examine the association between the volume of PA and inflammatory and cardiovascular biomarkers. RESULTS In this cohort of OPWH (mean age 55.9 y), 68% were male and 83% were African American/Black. Among OPWH, greater volume of PA (ie, walking, moderate, vigorous, and/or total) was associated with lower systolic (P < .05) and diastolic blood pressure (P < .05), pulse pressure (P < .05), and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (P < .05). Greater duration of sitting was associated with greater triglycerides, interleukin-6, and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (P < .05). CONCLUSIONS Although adherence to regular PA among OPWH is low and sedentary behavior is high, the associations between biomarkers and PA suggest a greater volume of PA could attenuate the inflammatory and cardiovascular derangements experienced by OPWH.
Collapse
|
19
|
Picard E, Armstrong S, Andrew MK, Haynes L, Loeb M, Pawelec G, Kuchel GA, McElhaney JE, Verschoor CP. Markers of systemic inflammation are positively associated with influenza vaccine antibody responses with a possible role for ILT2(+)CD57(+) NK-cells. Immun Ageing 2022; 19:26. [PMID: 35619117 PMCID: PMC9134679 DOI: 10.1186/s12979-022-00284-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2021] [Accepted: 05/15/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Background With increasing age, overall health declines while systemic levels of inflammatory mediators tend to increase. Although the underlying mechanisms are poorly understood, there is a wealth of data suggesting that this so-called “inflammaging” contributes to the risk of adverse outcomes in older adults. We sought to determine whether markers of systemic inflammation were associated with antibody responses to the seasonal influenza vaccine. Results Over four seasons, hemagglutination inhibition antibody titres and ex vivo bulk peripheral blood mononuclear cell (PBMC) responses to live influenza viruses assessed via interferon (IFN)-γ/interleukin (IL)-10 production, were measured pre- and 4-weeks post-vaccination in young adults (n = 79) and older adults randomized to standard- or high-dose inactivated vaccine (n = 612). Circulating tumour necrosis factor (TNF), interleukin (IL)-6 and C-reactive protein (CRP) were also measured pre-vaccination. Post-vaccination antibody titres were significantly associated with systemic inflammatory levels; specifically, IL-6 was positively associated with A/H3N2 titres in young adults (Cohen’s d = 0.36), and in older high-dose, but not standard-dose recipients, all systemic inflammatory mediators were positively associated with A/H1N1, A/H3N2 and B titres (d = 0.10–0.45). We further show that the frequency of ILT2(+)CD57(+) CD56-Dim natural killer (NK)-cells was positively associated with both plasma IL-6 and post-vaccination A/H3N2 titres in a follow-up cohort of older high-dose recipients (n = 63). Pathway analysis suggested that ILT2(+)CD57(+) Dim NK-cells mediated 40% of the association between IL-6 and A/H3N2 titres, which may be related to underlying participant frailty. Conclusions In summary, our data suggest a complex relationship amongst influenza vaccine responses, systemic inflammation and NK-cell phenotype in older adults, which depends heavily on age, vaccine dose and possibly overall health status. While our results suggest that “inflammaging” may increase vaccine immunogenicity in older adults, it is yet to be determined whether this enhancement contributes to improved protection against influenza disease. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12979-022-00284-x.
Collapse
|
20
|
MOTS-c, the Most Recent Mitochondrial Derived Peptide in Human Aging and Age-Related Diseases. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms231911991. [PMID: 36233287 PMCID: PMC9570330 DOI: 10.3390/ijms231911991] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2022] [Revised: 10/02/2022] [Accepted: 10/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
MOTS-c, a 16 amino acid mitochondrial derived peptide, is encoded from the 12S rRNA region of the mitochondrial genome. Under stress conditions, MOTS-c translocates to the nucleus where it regulates a wide range of genes in response to metabolic dysfunction. It is colocalized to mitochondria in various tissues and is found in plasma, but the levels decline with age. Since MOTS-c has important cellular functions as well as a possible hormonal role, it has been shown to have beneficial effects on age-related diseases including Diabetes, Cardiovascular diseases, Osteoporosis, postmenopausal obesity and Alzheimer. Aging is characterized by gradual loss of (mitochondrial) metabolic balance, decreased muscle homeostasis and eventual diminished physical capability, which potentially can be reversed with MOTS-c treatment. This review examines the latest findings on biological effects of MOTS-c as a nuclear regulatory peptide and focuses on the role of MOTS-c in aging and age-related disorders, including mechanisms of action and therapeutic potential.
Collapse
|
21
|
Crescioli C. Vitamin D, exercise, and immune health in athletes: A narrative review. Front Immunol 2022; 13:954994. [PMID: 36211340 PMCID: PMC9539769 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.954994] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2022] [Accepted: 08/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Vitamin D exerts important extra-skeletal effects, exhibiting an exquisite immune regulatory ability, affecting both innate and adaptive immune responses through the modulation of immunocyte function and signaling. Remarkably, the immune function of working skeletal muscle, which is fully recognized to behave as a secretory organ with immune capacity, is under the tight control of vitamin D as well. Vitamin D status, meaning hormone sufficiency or insufficiency, can push toward strengthening/stabilization or decline of immune surveillance, with important consequences for health. This aspect is particularly relevant when considering the athletic population: while exercising is, nowadays, the recommended approach to maintain health and counteract inflammatory processes, “too much” exercise, often experienced by athletes, can increase inflammation, decrease immune surveillance, and expose them to a higher risk of diseases. When overexercise intersects with hypovitaminosis D, the overall effects on the immune system might converge into immune depression and higher vulnerability to diseases. This paper aims to provide an overview of how vitamin D shapes human immune responses, acting on the immune system and skeletal muscle cells; some aspects of exercise-related immune modifications are addressed, focusing on athletes. The crossroad where vitamin D and exercise meet can profile whole-body immune response and health.
Collapse
|
22
|
Severe psychiatric disorders and general medical comorbidities: inflammation-related mechanisms and therapeutic opportunities. Clin Sci (Lond) 2022; 136:1257-1280. [PMID: 36062418 DOI: 10.1042/cs20211106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2022] [Revised: 08/16/2022] [Accepted: 08/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Individuals with severe psychiatric disorders, such as mood disorders and schizophrenia, are at increased risk of developing other medical conditions, especially cardiovascular and metabolic diseases. These medical conditions are underdiagnosed and undertreated in these patients contributing to their increased morbidity and mortality. The basis for this increased comorbidity is not well understood, possibly reflecting shared risks factors (e.g. lifestyle risk factors), shared biological mechanisms and/or reciprocal interactions. Among overlapping pathophysiological mechanisms, inflammation and related factors, such as dysbiosis and insulin resistance, stand out. Besides underlying the association between psychiatric disorders and cardiometabolic diseases, these mechanisms provide several potential therapeutic targets.
Collapse
|
23
|
Damay VA, Setiawan S, Lesmana R, Akbar MR, Lukito AA. Effects of Moderate Intensity Aerobic Exercise to FSTL-1 Regulation in Atherosclerosis: A Systematic Review. Int J Angiol 2022; 32:1-10. [PMID: 36727145 PMCID: PMC9886452 DOI: 10.1055/s-0042-1750184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Moderate intensity exercise is considered as a primary step to prevent coronary artery diseases (CADs) by stimulated FSTL-1 secretion as a novel myokines to improve endothelial cell function, prevent arterial stiffness, or vascular inflammation. This review aims to provide the current evident role of FSTL-1 as a novel myokine secreted during exercise to prevent atherosclerosis progression. A systematic review using databases from (PubMed), ScienceDirect, and The Cochrane Library, was conducted up to October 2021 to identify all the eligible experimental and observational studies that assess how moderate intensity exercises stimulate FSTL-1 secretion to prevent atherosclerosis. Results were described through narrative synthesis of the evidence. From 84 retrieved references, 15 studies met the inclusion criteria and were included in this review. The overall results suggest that exercise or physical activity can stimulate myokines secretion, especially in FSTL-1. FSTL-1 is a myokine or adipokine that plays a potential role in preventing atherosclerosis by various mechanisms such as via improvement of endothelial functions, suppression of smooth muscle cells (SMCs) proliferation, and reduction of arterial thickening. FSTL-1 is a relatively new and less known myokine, but probably holds a key role in assessing how moderate intensity aerobic exercise prevents atherosclerosis progression by preventing endothelial dysfunction, arterial stiffness, or vascular inflammation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Vito Anggarino Damay
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Universitas Pelita Harapan, Banten, Indonesia,Address for correspondence Vito A. Damay, MD, Cardiologist Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Universitas Pelita HarapanBantenIndonesia
| | - Setiawan Setiawan
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Universitas Padjadjaran, Bandung, Indonesia
| | - Ronny Lesmana
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Universitas Padjadjaran, Bandung, Indonesia
| | - Muhammad Rizki Akbar
- Department of Cardiology and Vascular, Padjadjaran University, Bandung, Indonesia
| | - Antonia Anna Lukito
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Universitas Pelita Harapan, Banten, Indonesia
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Use of Physical Activity and Exercise to Reduce Inflammation in Children and Adolescents with Obesity. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:ijerph19116908. [PMID: 35682490 PMCID: PMC9180584 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19116908] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2022] [Revised: 06/01/2022] [Accepted: 06/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Childhood obesity is a leading public health problem worldwide, as it is increasingly prevalent and therefore responsible for serious obesity-related comorbidities, not only in childhood but also in adulthood. In addition to cardio-metabolic obesity-related disorders, recent evidence suggests that excess adipose tissue in turn is associated with immune cell infiltration, increased adipokine release, and the development of low-grade systemic inflammation obesity. Exercise is considered a non-pharmacological intervention that can delay obesity-related comorbidities, improving cardiovascular fitness and modulating the inflammatory processes. It has been reported that the anti-inflammatory effect of regular exercise may be mediated by a reduction in visceral fat mass, with a subsequent decrease in the release of adipokines from adipose tissue (AT) and/or by the induction of an anti-inflammatory environment. In this narrative review, we discuss the role of AT as an endocrine organ associated with chronic inflammation and its role in obesity-related complications, focusing on the effect of exercise in reducing inflammation in children and adolescents with obesity. Regular physical exercise must be considered as a natural part of a healthy lifestyle, and promoting physical activity starting from childhood is useful to limit the negative effects of obesity on health. The crucial role of the immune system in the development of obesity-induced inflammatory processes and the efficacy of exercise as an anti-inflammatory, non-pharmacological intervention may provide possible targets for the development of new treatments and early preventive strategies.
Collapse
|
25
|
Jouffroy R, Anglicheau D, Mansencal N, Toussaint JF, Antero J. Relationship between Exercise Intensity and IL-6 Increase during an 80 km Long-Distance Running Race. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:ijerph19116368. [PMID: 35681953 PMCID: PMC9179966 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19116368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2022] [Revised: 05/17/2022] [Accepted: 05/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/10/2022]
Abstract
Background: IL-6 plasma concentration (IL-6PC) reflects the systemic inflammation related to exercise intensity level. This study aims to describe the IL-6PC kinetics during a long-distance running race. IL-6PC was measured in 20 male runners before (0 km), at each refreshment point (at 21 and 53 km, i.e., k21 and k53, respectively) and at the end of an 80 km long-distance run (k80). Methods: IL-6PC variations (absolute and relative values in each of the three sections (S)) were calculated over S1 (0_k21), S2 (k21_k53) and S3 (k53_k80) and compared with the exercise intensity (duration*race speed) within each section. Results: The mean IL-6PC increased during the run: 2.1 ± 0.6 ng.L−1 at 0 km, 21.0 ± 11.3 ng.L−1 at k21, 38.9 ± 13.0 ng.L−1 at k53 and 49.8 ± 11.9 ng.L−1 at k80. Exercise intensity increased between S1 (24.2 ± 0.5) and S2 (51.9 ± 3.2) (p = 0.04) but not between S2 and S3 (67.4 ± 4.5) (p = 0.69). IL-6PC variation was associated with exercise intensity within S1 (p = 0.03) and S2 (p = 2 × 10−3) and showed at least a trend within S3 (p = 0.06). Conclusions: IL-6PC increases that occur during the early stages of a long-distance run are associated with the running intensity, and then IL-6PC remain stable after the reduction in intensity related to the decrease in running speed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Romain Jouffroy
- Intensive Care Unit, Ambroise Paré Hospital, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), 92100 Boulogne-Billancourt, France
- IRMES—Institute for Research in Medicine and Epidemiology of Sport, INSEP, 75012 Paris, France; (J.F.T.); (J.A.)
- INSERM U-1018, Centre de Recherche en Epidémiologie et Santé des Populations, Paris Saclay University, 94800 Paris, France;
- URP 7329, Université de Paris, 75012 Paris, France
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +33-0-149-095-601; Fax: +33-0-149-095-892
| | - Dany Anglicheau
- Necker-Enfants Malades Institute, French National Institute of Health and Medical Research U1151, 75015 Paris, France;
- Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité University, 75006 Paris, France
- Department of Nephrology and Kidney Transplantation, Necker Hospital, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), 75015 Paris, France
| | - Nicolas Mansencal
- INSERM U-1018, Centre de Recherche en Epidémiologie et Santé des Populations, Paris Saclay University, 94800 Paris, France;
- Department of Cardiology, Ambroise Paré Hospital, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), Centre de Référence des Cardiomyopathies et des Troubles du Rythme Cardiaque Héréditaires Ou Rares, Université de Versailles-Saint Quentin (UVSQ), 92100 Boulogne, France
| | - Jean François Toussaint
- IRMES—Institute for Research in Medicine and Epidemiology of Sport, INSEP, 75012 Paris, France; (J.F.T.); (J.A.)
- URP 7329, Université de Paris, 75012 Paris, France
- Centre d’Investigations en Médecine du Sport, Hôtel-Dieu, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), 75004 Paris, France
| | - Juliana Antero
- IRMES—Institute for Research in Medicine and Epidemiology of Sport, INSEP, 75012 Paris, France; (J.F.T.); (J.A.)
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
da Costa JLF, Furino VDO, de Castro CA, Alves JM, Duarte ACGDO. Dietary Intervention Associated With Moderate-Intensity Continuous Training Leads to Changes in the Inflammatory Profile in Visceral Adipose Tissue but Not in Skeletal Muscle in Diet-Induced Obese Rats. Front Physiol 2022; 13:836484. [PMID: 35399283 PMCID: PMC8990936 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2022.836484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2021] [Accepted: 02/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to determine the concentrations of inflammatory markers in visceral adipose tissue (VAT) and skeletal muscle, and changes in body mass and adipocyte size in diet-induced obese rats after moderate-intensity continuous training (MICT) and/or dietary intervention. After 8 weeks of obesity induction through a high-fat diet (HFD) consumption, twenty diet-induced obese male Wistar rats were divided into four groups as follows: (i) control rats fed with HFD (HFD-SED), (ii) obese rats fed with HFD and submitted to MICT (HFD-MICT), (iii) obese rats that were submitted to a nutritional intervention by switching HFD to chow diet (CD-SED), and (iv) obese rats that were submitted to MICT and nutritional intervention (CD-MICT). All the animals in the training groups were submitted to MICT, with an intensity of 50–85% of Vmax, 60 min/day, 3 days/week for 8 weeks. Gastrocnemius muscle (GAST) and mesenteric adipose tissue (mWAT) were collected to quantify tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α), interleukin (IL)-6, and IL-10 using ELISA. The body mass was recorded before and after the experimental protocols, and the adipocyte morphology was assessed using histological analysis. The results showed that HFD-SED had higher body mass, higher concentrations of inflammatory markers in mWAT, and higher increase in adipocyte size. The CD-SED and CD-MICT groups presented with reduced body mass, relative weight of mWAT, and adipocyte size. Moreover, the inflammatory markers in mWAT were reduced after dietary intervention (TNF-α), MICT (IL-10 and TNF-α), or both interventions combined (IL-6 and TNF-α). In contrast, there was no reduction in GAST-relative weight or concentrations of inflammatory markers for any treatment. Finally, we concluded that 8 weeks of dietary intervention alone and combined with MICT were effective in reducing some of the deleterious effects caused by obesity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jean Lucas Fernandes da Costa
- Department of Physical Education and Human Motricity–DEFMH, Biological and Health Sciences Center–CCBS, Federal University of São Carlos–UFSCar, São Carlos, Brazil
- *Correspondence: Jean Lucas Fernandes da Costa,
| | - Vanessa de Oliveira Furino
- Department of Physical Education and Human Motricity–DEFMH, Biological and Health Sciences Center–CCBS, Federal University of São Carlos–UFSCar, São Carlos, Brazil
| | - Cynthia Aparecida de Castro
- Department of Morphology and Pathology-Biological and Health Sciences Center–CCBS, Federal University of São Carlos–UFSCar, São Carlos, Brazil
| | - João Manoel Alves
- Department of Pharmacology, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
- Center of Research of Inflammatory Diseases, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | - Ana Cláudia Garcia de Oliveira Duarte
- Department of Physical Education and Human Motricity–DEFMH, Biological and Health Sciences Center–CCBS, Federal University of São Carlos–UFSCar, São Carlos, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Ducharme JB, McKenna ZJ, Deyhle MR. Exercise mitigates the Toll of muscle atrophy: A narrative review of the effects of exercise on Toll-like receptor-4 in leukocytes and skeletal muscle. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 2022; 322:C581-C589. [PMID: 35171696 DOI: 10.1152/ajpcell.00005.2022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Conditions characterized by muscle wasting such as cachexia and sarcopenia are devastating at the individual level, and they place a profound burden on public health. Evidence suggests that inflammation is likely a mechanistic contributor to the pathogenesis of these conditions. One specific molecule, lipopolysaccharide, has gained attention due to its role in initiating inflammation. Toll-like receptor-4 is the primary receptor for lipopolysaccharide and has been shown to be implicit in the downstream proinflammatory response associated with lipopolysaccharide. Importantly, Toll-like receptor-4 is expressed on various cell types throughout the human body such as leukocytes and skeletal muscle fibers and may have site-specific effects that contribute to muscle wasting conditions based on the location in which activation occurs. Accordingly, reducing proinflammatory signaling at these locations may be an effective strategy at mitigating muscle wasting. Regular exercise training is believed to elicit anti-inflammatory adaptations, but the mechanisms by which this occurs are yet to be fully understood. Understanding the mechanisms by which Toll-like receptor-4 activation contributes to muscle wasting and how exercise affects this, may allow for the development of a non-pharmacological therapeutic intervention. Therefore, in this review, we summarize the current understanding of the lipopolysaccharide/Toll-like receptor-4 axis in leukocytes and skeletal muscle fibers on the pathogenesis of muscle wasting conditions and we critically examine the current evidence regarding the effects of exercise on this axis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jeremy B Ducharme
- Department of Health, Exercise, and Sport Sciences, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, United States
| | - Zachary J McKenna
- Department of Health, Exercise, and Sport Sciences, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, United States
| | - Michael R Deyhle
- Department of Health, Exercise, and Sport Sciences, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, United States
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Baker KA, Miller TD, Marino FE, Hartmann TE. The exercise-induced inflammatory response in inflammatory bowel disease: A systematic review and meta-analysis. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0262534. [PMID: 35120159 PMCID: PMC8815877 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0262534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2021] [Accepted: 12/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND This study investigated selected inflammatory responses to acute and chronic exercise in individuals with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). METHODS A systematic review and meta-analysis was conducted on all relevant exercise-based intervention publications with IBD participants. The study included articles that utilised a broad range of acute and chronic exercise interventions, with inflammatory biomarkers measured and symptoms documented, both pre- and post-exercise for those with IBD. The search was limited to studies published in English, the use of human participants, and primary studies, with no restrictions on date of publication or participant's age. Articles were retrieved through the electronic databases: PubMed, SPORTDiscus, and Scopus. This study adhered to Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis (PRISMA) guidelines. RESULTS Six inflammatory markers were included in the meta-analysis which consisted of five studies. Exercise interventions resulted in no significant difference in IL-6 (SMD = -0.09; 95% CI = -0.49, 0.30; P = 0.64), TNF-α (SMD = 0.08; 95% CI = -0.31, 0.48; P = 0.68), CRP (SMD = -0.04; 95% CI = -0.58, 0.50; P = 0.89), IL-17 (SMD = 0.15; 95% CI = -0.45, 0.76; P = 0.62), leukocytes (SMD = 0.40; 95% CI = -0.53, 1.33; P = 0.40) or lymphocytes (SMD = 0.32; 95% CI = -0.33, 0.97; P = 0.33), thus, indicating exercise may have no effect on inflammatory markers in IBD. Bowel symptoms improved following regular moderate exercise that incorporated stress management. CONCLUSION Heterogeneity among the identified literature may have led to exercise interventions being ineffective in reducing inflammation. Although the limited number of eligible studies may reduce the reliability of results, it emphasises the need for additional research in this domain. Importantly, no adverse symptomatic responses to exercise indicate that exercise is safe for IBD patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kelly A. Baker
- School of Allied Health, Exercise and Sport Sciences, Charles Sturt University, Bathurst, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Timothy D. Miller
- School of Allied Health, Exercise and Sport Sciences, Charles Sturt University, Bathurst, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Frank E. Marino
- School of Allied Health, Exercise and Sport Sciences, Charles Sturt University, Bathurst, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Tegan E. Hartmann
- School of Allied Health, Exercise and Sport Sciences, Charles Sturt University, Bathurst, New South Wales, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Burtscher J, Millet GP, Gatterer H, Vonbank K, Burtscher M. Does Regular Physical Activity Mitigate the Age-Associated Decline in Pulmonary Function? Sports Med 2022; 52:963-970. [PMID: 35113387 PMCID: PMC9023399 DOI: 10.1007/s40279-022-01652-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/12/2022] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Whereas the negative effects of aging and smoking on pulmonary function are undisputed, the potential favorable effects of physical activity on the aging process of the otherwise healthy lung remain controversial. This question is of particular clinical relevance when reduced pulmonary function compromises aerobic exercise capacity (maximal oxygen consumption) and thus contributes to an increased risk of morbidity and mortality. Here, we discuss whether and when the aging-related decline in pulmonary function limits maximal oxygen consumption and whether, how, and to what extent regular physical activity can slow down this aging process and preserve pulmonary function and maximal oxygen consumption. Age-dependent effects of reduced pulmonary function (i.e., FEV1, the volume that has been exhaled after the first second of forced expiration) on maximal oxygen consumption have been observed in several cross-sectional and longitudinal studies. Complex interactions between aging-related cellular and molecular processes affecting the lung, and structural and functional deterioration of the cardiovascular and respiratory systems account for the concomitant decline in pulmonary function and maximal oxygen consumption. Consequently, if long-term regular physical activity mitigates some of the aging-related decline in pulmonary function (i.e., FEV1 decline), this could also prevent a steep fall in maximal oxygen consumption. In contrast to earlier research findings, recent large-scale longitudinal studies provide growing evidence for the beneficial effects of physical activity on FEV1. Although further confirmation of those effects is required, these findings provide powerful arguments to start and/or maintain regular physical activity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Johannes Burtscher
- Institute of Sport Sciences, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland.,Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Grégoire P Millet
- Institute of Sport Sciences, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland.,Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Hannes Gatterer
- Institute of Mountain Emergency Medicine, Eurac Research, Bolzano, Italy
| | - Karin Vonbank
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Martin Burtscher
- Department of Sport Science, University of Innsbruck, Fürstenweg 185, A-6020, Innsbruck, Austria.
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Li S, Wang M, Ma J, Pang X, Yuan J, Pan Y, Fu Y, Laher I. MOTS-c and Exercise Restore Cardiac Function by Activating of NRG1-ErbB Signaling in Diabetic Rats. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2022; 13:812032. [PMID: 35370955 PMCID: PMC8969227 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2022.812032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2021] [Accepted: 02/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Pathologic cardiac remodeling and dysfunction are the most common complications of type 2 diabetes. Physical exercise is important in inhibiting myocardial pathologic remodeling and restoring cardiac function in diabetes. The mitochondrial-derived peptide MOTS-c has exercise-like effects by improving insulin resistance, combatting hyperglycemia, and reducing lipid accumulation. We investigated the effects and transcriptomic profiling of MOTS-c and aerobic exercise on cardiac properties in a rat model of type 2 diabetes which was induced by feeding a high fat high sugar diet combined with an injection of a low dose of streptozotocin. Both aerobic exercise and MOTS-c treatment reduced abnormalities in cardiac structure and function. Transcriptomic function enrichment analysis revealed that MOTS-c had exercise-like effects on inflammation, myocardial apoptosis, angiogenesis and endothelial cell proliferation and migration, and showed that the NRG1-ErbB4 pathway might be an important component in both MOTS-c and exercise induced attenuation of cardiac dysfunction in diabetes. Moreover, our findings suggest that MOTS-c activates NRG1-ErbB4 signaling and mimics exercise-induced cardio-protection in diabetes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shunchang Li
- Institute of Sports Medicine and Health, Chengdu Sport University, Chengdu, China
| | - Manda Wang
- Institute of Sports Medicine and Health, Chengdu Sport University, Chengdu, China
| | - Jiacheng Ma
- Institute of Sports Medicine and Health, Chengdu Sport University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xiaoli Pang
- Institute of Sports Medicine and Health, Chengdu Sport University, Chengdu, China
| | - Jinghan Yuan
- Institute of Sports Medicine and Health, Chengdu Sport University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yanrong Pan
- Institute of Sports Medicine and Health, Chengdu Sport University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yu Fu
- Institute of Sports Medicine and Health, Chengdu Sport University, Chengdu, China
| | - Ismail Laher
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
- *Correspondence: Ismail Laher,
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Agustin WR, Safitri W, Kurniasari D, Setiyawan S, Murharyati A, Fitriana RN. Intradialytic Exercise on Changes in Blood Pressure in Chronic Kidney Failure Patients during Hemodialysis Therapy. Open Access Maced J Med Sci 2022. [DOI: 10.3889/oamjms.2022.7271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Chronic renal failure (CRF) is a reduction in chronic renal function that leads to non-reversible and progressive kidney tissue damage. Blood pressure is a major risk factor that can increase the mortality rate by up to 20 times in patients with chronic renal failure who are undergoing hemodialysis therapy. Intradialytic exercise is an intervention that can be used to control systolic blood pressure.
AIM: This study was to analyze the effect of intradialytic exercise on changes in blood pressure in chronic renal failure patients undergoing hemodialysis therapy at Indriati Solo Baru Hospital.
METHODS: The research method is quasi-experimental design pre-post with control group design. The study population was 97 dialysis patients. The sampling technique used a purposive sampling of 30 people. Data analysis using Paired t-Test.
RESULTS: The research results showed that the sex characteristics of most respondents were male as many as 17 people (56.7%), the average age of the respondents was 51.03 years, the pre-intervention in the control group obtained an average systolic blood pressure of 168.93 mmHg and 106 diastole, 120 mmHg, while the blood pressure in the control group post was 173.13 mmHg systole and 107 mmHg diastoles. In the treatment group, the average blood pressure in the pre-intradialytic exercise showed 162.20 mmHg systole and 104.27 mmHg diastole, while the post-intradialytic exercise system blood pressure was 153.13 mmHg and diastole 94.33 mmHg.
CONCLUSION: There is an effect of intradialytic exercise on changes in blood pressure in chronic renal failure patients undergoing hemodialysis therapy at Indriati Solo Baru Hospital with a p-value of 0.025. Intradialytic exercise can be recommended as structured physical exercise therapy for hemodialysis therapy patients.
KEYWORDS: intradialytic exercise, chronic renal failure, patients, changes in blood pressure, hemodialysis
Collapse
|
32
|
Vladimirsky VE, Vladimirsky EV, Lunina AN, Fesyun AD, Rachin AP, Lebedeva OD, Yakovlev MY, Tubekova MA. [Molecular mechanisms of adaptive and therapeutic effects of physical activity in patients with cardiovascular diseases]. VOPROSY KURORTOLOGII, FIZIOTERAPII, I LECHEBNOI FIZICHESKOI KULTURY 2022; 99:69-77. [PMID: 35485663 DOI: 10.17116/kurort20229902169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Physical activity is one of the main components of the rehabilitation of patients with cardiovascular disease (CVD). As shown by practice and the results of evidence-based studies, the beneficial effects of physical activity on disease outcomes in a number of cardiac nosologies are comparable to drug treatment. This gives the doctor another tool to influence the unfavorable epidemiological situation in developed countries with the spread of diseases of the cardiovascular system and CVD mortality. Reliable positive results of cardiorehabilitation (CR) were obtained using various methods. The goal of CR is to restore the optimal physiological, psychological and professional status, reduce the risk of CVD and mortality. In most current CVD guidelines worldwide, cardiac rehabilitation is a Class I recommendation. The molecular mechanisms described in the review, initiated by physical activity, underlie the multifactorial effect of the latter on the function of the cardiovascular system and the course of cardiac diseases. Physical exercise is an important component of the therapeutic management of patients with CVD, which is supported by the results of a meta-analysis of 63 studies associated with various forms of aerobic exercise of varying intensity (from 50 to 95% VO2) for 1 to 47 months, which showed that CR based on physical exercise improves cardiorespiratory endurance. Knowledge of the molecular basis of the influence of physical activity makes it possible to use biochemical markers to assess the effectiveness of rehabilitation programs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - A N Lunina
- Wagner Perm State Medical University, Perm, Russia
| | - A D Fesyun
- National Medical Research Center for Rehabilitation and Balneology, Moscow, Russia
| | - A P Rachin
- National Medical Research Center for Rehabilitation and Balneology, Moscow, Russia
| | - O D Lebedeva
- National Medical Research Center for Rehabilitation and Balneology, Moscow, Russia
| | - M Yu Yakovlev
- National Medical Research Center for Rehabilitation and Balneology, Moscow, Russia
| | - M A Tubekova
- National Medical Research Center for Rehabilitation and Balneology, Moscow, Russia
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Bernal E, Martinez M, Campillo JA, Puche G, Baguena C, Tomás C, Jimeno A, Alcaraz MJ, Alcaraz A, Muñoz A, Oliver E, de la Torre A, Marín I, Cano A, Minguela A. Moderate to intense physical activity is associated with improved clinical, CD4/CD8 ratio and immune activation status in HIV infected patients on ART. Open Forum Infect Dis 2021; 9:ofab654. [PMID: 35146043 PMCID: PMC8826224 DOI: 10.1093/ofid/ofab654] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2021] [Accepted: 12/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Physical activity has anti-inflammatory effects and reduces morbidity and mortality in the general population, but its role in the clinical, CD4/CD8 ratio, and immune activation status of HIV-infected patients has been poorly studied. Methods A cross-sectional study was carried out in a cohort of 155 HIV-infected patients on stable antiretroviral therapy (ART) to compare clinical, biochemical, CD4/CD8 ratio, and immune activation status according to their physical activity in the last 2 years (sedentary/low vs moderate/intense) assessed by the iPAQ. A binary logistic regression and mixed analysis of variance were performed to evaluate the impact of levels of physical activity on CD4/CD8 ratio. Results In our series, 77 (49.7%) out of 155 patients were sedentary, and 78 (50.3%) practiced moderate/intense physical activity. Moderate/intense physical activity was associated with better metabolic control (lower body mass index, P = .024; glucose, P = .024; and triglyceride, P = .002) and CDC HIV stage (P = .046), lower CD8+ (P = .018), CD4+CD8+ (P = .026), CD4+CD86+ (P = .045), CD4+HLA-DR+ (P = .011), CD8+HLA-DR+ (P = .048) T lymphocytes and CD16+HLA-DR+ natural killer cells (P = .026), and higher CD3+CD4+ T lymphocytes (P = .016) and CD4/CD8 ratio (P = .001). Sedentary lifestyle (odds ratio [OR], 2.12; P = .042), CD4 nadir (OR, 1.005; P < .001), and CD8+CD38+ T cells (OR, 1.27; P = .006) were independently associated with low CD4/CD8 ratio (<0.8). Earlier and more intense CD4/CD8 ratio recovery was observed in patients with higher physical activity in the 2-year follow-up with a significant interaction between these variables: F(2, 124) = 3.31; P = .049; partial η2 = 0.042. Conclusions Moderate to high physical activity is associated with beneficial health effects, improvement in metabolic profile, and reduction of chronic inflammation in patients with HIV. Although more studies and clinical trials are needed to confirm these findings, a healthy lifestyle including at least moderate physical activity should be recommended to HIV patients on stable ART.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Enrique Bernal
- Infectious Disease Unit, Reina Sofia University Hospital and Biomedical Research Institute of Murcia (IMIB), Murcia, Spain
| | - Monica Martinez
- Infectious Disease Unit, Reina Sofia University Hospital and Biomedical Research Institute of Murcia (IMIB), Murcia, Spain
| | - José Antonio Campillo
- Immunology Service, Virgen de la Arrrixaca University Clinical Hospital (HCUVA), Biomedical Research Institute of Murcia (IMIB), Murcia, Spain
| | - Gabriel Puche
- Infectious Disease Unit, Reina Sofia University Hospital and Biomedical Research Institute of Murcia (IMIB), Murcia, Spain
| | - Carlos Baguena
- Infectious Disease Unit, Reina Sofia University Hospital and Biomedical Research Institute of Murcia (IMIB), Murcia, Spain
| | - Cristina Tomás
- Infectious Disease Unit, Reina Sofia University Hospital and Biomedical Research Institute of Murcia (IMIB), Murcia, Spain
| | - Amaya Jimeno
- Internal Medicine Service, Infectious Disease Unit. Santa Lucía University Hospital, Cartagena, Spain
| | - Maria Jose Alcaraz
- Infectious Disease Unit, Reina Sofia University Hospital and Biomedical Research Institute of Murcia (IMIB), Murcia, Spain
| | - Antonia Alcaraz
- Infectious Disease Unit, Reina Sofia University Hospital and Biomedical Research Institute of Murcia (IMIB), Murcia, Spain
| | - Angeles Muñoz
- Infectious Disease Unit, Reina Sofia University Hospital and Biomedical Research Institute of Murcia (IMIB), Murcia, Spain
| | - Eva Oliver
- Infectious Disease Unit, Reina Sofia University Hospital and Biomedical Research Institute of Murcia (IMIB), Murcia, Spain
| | - Alejandro de la Torre
- Infectious Disease Unit, Reina Sofia University Hospital and Biomedical Research Institute of Murcia (IMIB), Murcia, Spain
| | - Irene Marín
- Cardiology Unit, Reina Sofia University Hospital and Biomedical Research Institute of Murcia (IMIB), Murcia, Spain
| | - Alfredo Cano
- Infectious Disease Unit, Reina Sofia University Hospital and Biomedical Research Institute of Murcia (IMIB), Murcia, Spain
| | - Alfredo Minguela
- Immunology Service, Virgen de la Arrrixaca University Clinical Hospital (HCUVA), Biomedical Research Institute of Murcia (IMIB), Murcia, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
The Association of Serum Circulating Neuropeptide Q and Chemerin Levels with Cardiometabolic Risk Factors among Patients with Metabolic Syndrome. Biomolecules 2021; 11:biom11121863. [PMID: 34944507 PMCID: PMC8699277 DOI: 10.3390/biom11121863] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2021] [Revised: 12/07/2021] [Accepted: 12/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The potential involvement of neuropeptide Q (NPQ) and chemerin (CHEM) in metabolic disorders is yet to be fully elucidated. The aim of this study was to evaluate serum concentrations of NPQ and CHEM and to establish their relationship with cardiometabolic risk factors among individuals with metabolic syndrome. A total of 66 patients with metabolic syndrome (MetS) and 83 healthy volunteers (non-MetS) underwent biochemical, blood pressure, and anthropometric measurements. The concentration of NPQ in the MetS group was significantly lower (0.47 (0.34 ; 0.54) vs. 0.52 (0.43 ; 0.60) ng/mL, p = 0.015) than in non-MetS, while there were no differences in CHEM level. In the entire study population, we observed several negative correlations between NPQ concentration and waist-hip ratio (WHR), visceral adipose tissue, diastolic blood pressure (DBP), triglycerides (TG) along with a positive correlation with high-density lipoprotein (HDL), total muscle mass, and CHEM. Moreover, a negative correlation was observed in the MetS group between NPQ and glycemia. CHEM showed no significant correlations with cardiometabolic risk factors in the study population. In a multiple regression model, the total muscle mass proved to be an independent factor determining NPQ concentration in the population (p < 0.00000001, R2adj = 28.6%). NPQ seems to protect against metabolic disorders correlated with obesity. Thus, it is worth considering NPQ level as a candidate protective biomarker of metabolic syndrome complications.
Collapse
|
35
|
Sowers K, Litwin B, Lee A, Galantino ML. Effect of Moderate Intensity Exercise on Infection Rates in Individuals with Primary Immunodeficiency Disease: A Preliminary Pilot Randomized Investigation. Physiother Theory Pract 2021; 38:2677-2688. [PMID: 34587873 DOI: 10.1080/09593985.2021.1983907] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Individuals with a diagnosis of primary immunodeficiency disease (PID) have poorer health-related quality of life (HRQoL) compared with healthy individuals. Regular moderate exercise enhances immune function and wellbeing. Whether exercise at recommended levels for the general population is tolerated by individuals diagnosed with PID, without adverse effects, is unknown and warrants investigation. METHODS A prospective randomized preliminary pilot investigation with individuals diagnosed with PID was undertaken; participants were assigned to either an exercise (n = 18) or control group (n = 16). The exercise group completed an eight-week, semi-customized, home-based, moderate intensity exercise program, while the control group engaged in routine activities. Participants completed recall surveys assessing infection rates and non-routine medical care over 8 weeks prior to the eight-week intervention. RESULTS Given recruitment issues, the study was underpowered. Thus, as expected, no difference between groups was observed. CONCLUSION This preliminary pilot investigation provides the foundation for a large scale, appropriately powered, randomized controlled trial to investigate the effect of moderate exercise on infection rates and non-routine medical care for individuals with PID. Recommendations are made to strengthen the methodology of future investigations on the effects of exercise on the immune function and quality of life for individuals diagnosed with PID.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kerri Sowers
- Health Science Program, Stockton University, Galloway, New Jersey, USA
| | - Bini Litwin
- Physical Therapy Department, Nova Southeastern University, Davie, Florida, USA
| | - Alan Lee
- Physical Therapy Department, Nova Southeastern University, Davie, Florida, USA.,Doctor of Physical Therapy Program, Mount Saint Mary's University, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Mary Lou Galantino
- Department of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Philadelphia, USA.,Physiotherapy Department, University of Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Tarnowski M, Kopytko P, Piotrowska K. Epigenetic Regulation of Inflammatory Responses in the Context of Physical Activity. Genes (Basel) 2021; 12:1313. [PMID: 34573295 PMCID: PMC8465911 DOI: 10.3390/genes12091313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2021] [Revised: 08/19/2021] [Accepted: 08/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Epigenetic modifications occur in response to environmental changes and play a fundamental role in the regulation of gene expression. PA is found to elicit an inflammatory response, both from the innate and adaptive divisions of the immunological system. The inflammatory reaction is considered a vital trigger of epigenetic changes that in turn modulate inflammatory actions. The tissue responses to PA involve local and general changes. The epigenetic mechanisms involved include: DNA methylation, histone proteins modification and microRNA. All of them affect genetic expression in an inflammatory milieu in physical exercise depending on the magnitude of physiological stress experienced by the exerciser. PA may evoke acute or chronic biochemical and physiological responses and have a positive or negative immunomodulatory effect.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maciej Tarnowski
- Department of Physiology, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, 70-111 Szczecin, Poland; (P.K.); (K.P.)
- Institute of Physical Culture Sciences, University of Szczecin, 70-453 Szczecin, Poland
| | - Patrycja Kopytko
- Department of Physiology, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, 70-111 Szczecin, Poland; (P.K.); (K.P.)
| | - Katarzyna Piotrowska
- Department of Physiology, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, 70-111 Szczecin, Poland; (P.K.); (K.P.)
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Burtscher J, Burtscher M, Millet GP. The central role of mitochondrial fitness on antiviral defenses: An advocacy for physical activity during the COVID-19 pandemic. Redox Biol 2021; 43:101976. [PMID: 33932869 PMCID: PMC8062414 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2021.101976] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2021] [Revised: 04/06/2021] [Accepted: 04/12/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Mitochondria are central regulators of cellular metabolism, most known for their role in energy production. They can be "enhanced" by physical activity (including exercise), which increases their integrity, efficiency and dynamic adaptation to stressors, in short "mitochondrial fitness". Mitochondrial fitness is closely associated with cardiorespiratory fitness and physical activity. Given the importance of mitochondria in immune functions, it is thus not surprising that cardiorespiratory fitness is also an integral determinant of the antiviral host defense and vulnerability to infection. Here, we first briefly review the role of physical activity in viral infections. We then summarize mitochondrial functions that are relevant for the antiviral immune response with a particular focus on the current Coronavirus Disease (COVID-19) pandemic and on innate immune function. Finally, the modulation of mitochondrial and cardiorespiratory fitness by physical activity, aging and the chronic diseases that represent the most common comorbidities of COVID-19 is discussed. We conclude that a high mitochondrial - and related cardiorespiratory - fitness should be considered as protective factors for viral infections, including COVID-19. This assumption is corroborated by reduced mitochondrial fitness in many established risk factors of COVID-19, like age, various chronic diseases or obesity. We argue for regular analysis of the cardiorespiratory fitness of COVID-19 patients and the promotion of physical activity - with all its associated health benefits - as preventive measures against viral infection.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Johannes Burtscher
- Institute of Sport Sciences, University of Lausanne, CH-1015, Lausanne, Switzerland; Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Lausanne, CH-1015, Lausanne, Switzerland.
| | | | - Grégoire P Millet
- Institute of Sport Sciences, University of Lausanne, CH-1015, Lausanne, Switzerland
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
Burtscher J, Millet GP, Place N, Kayser B, Zanou N. The Muscle-Brain Axis and Neurodegenerative Diseases: The Key Role of Mitochondria in Exercise-Induced Neuroprotection. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:6479. [PMID: 34204228 PMCID: PMC8235687 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22126479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2021] [Revised: 06/13/2021] [Accepted: 06/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Regular exercise is associated with pronounced health benefits. The molecular processes involved in physiological adaptations to exercise are best understood in skeletal muscle. Enhanced mitochondrial functions in muscle are central to exercise-induced adaptations. However, regular exercise also benefits the brain and is a major protective factor against neurodegenerative diseases, such as the most common age-related form of dementia, Alzheimer's disease, or the most common neurodegenerative motor disorder, Parkinson's disease. While there is evidence that exercise induces signalling from skeletal muscle to the brain, the mechanistic understanding of the crosstalk along the muscle-brain axis is incompletely understood. Mitochondria in both organs, however, seem to be central players. Here, we provide an overview on the central role of mitochondria in exercise-induced communication routes from muscle to the brain. These routes include circulating factors, such as myokines, the release of which often depends on mitochondria, and possibly direct mitochondrial transfer. On this basis, we examine the reported effects of different modes of exercise on mitochondrial features and highlight their expected benefits with regard to neurodegeneration prevention or mitigation. In addition, knowledge gaps in our current understanding related to the muscle-brain axis in neurodegenerative diseases are outlined.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Johannes Burtscher
- Institute of Sport Sciences, University of Lausanne, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland; (G.P.M.); (N.P.); (B.K.); (N.Z.)
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Lausanne, CH-1005 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Grégoire P. Millet
- Institute of Sport Sciences, University of Lausanne, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland; (G.P.M.); (N.P.); (B.K.); (N.Z.)
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Lausanne, CH-1005 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Nicolas Place
- Institute of Sport Sciences, University of Lausanne, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland; (G.P.M.); (N.P.); (B.K.); (N.Z.)
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Lausanne, CH-1005 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Bengt Kayser
- Institute of Sport Sciences, University of Lausanne, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland; (G.P.M.); (N.P.); (B.K.); (N.Z.)
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Lausanne, CH-1005 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Nadège Zanou
- Institute of Sport Sciences, University of Lausanne, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland; (G.P.M.); (N.P.); (B.K.); (N.Z.)
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Lausanne, CH-1005 Lausanne, Switzerland
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
Saldiran TÇ, Mutluay FK, Yağci I, Yilmaz Y. Comparison of aerobic and combined aerobic and whole-body vibration training effects on physical fitness in non-alcoholic fatty liver patients. COMPARATIVE EXERCISE PHYSIOLOGY 2021. [DOI: 10.3920/cep200075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of exercises with whole-body vibration which was added to aerobic training on the physical fitness of patients with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. Thirty-two patients diagnosed with non-alcoholic fatty liver (age 44.39±8.74 years) were randomly divided into an aerobic training + vibration group and an aerobic training + sham vibration group. The aerobic training was continued at 60-80% heart rate workload, 40 min per day during 3 days per week, for 8 weeks. Vibration were performed with dynamic and static exercises at 30 Hz, with a 2 mm amplitude, for 15 min. The energy expenditure responses were carried out by an exercise tolerance test system. Lower limb isometric muscle strength assessment was made with a calibrated handheld dynamometer from bilaterally knee extensors. The sit to stand test, and the time up and go test were used for physical performance evaluation. At eight weeks, both groups showed a significant reduction in the sit to stand (-1.62±1.00 vs -0.37±1.52), the time up and go test (-1.43±0.99 vs -1.39±1.06), the right lower extremity muscle strength (1.01±1.61 vs 1.22±2.82), and the energy expenditure scores (MET; 1.88 ml/kg/min, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.19; 2.57, d=0.55, minimal clinically important difference (McID) = 0.69 vs 2.01 ml/kg/min, 95% CI 0.76; 3.24, d=0.26, McID = 1.54, respectively), however no significant differences emerged between groups (P≥0.05). The addition of vibration exercises to an aerobic program did not provide additional benefits to physical fitness in patients with non-alcoholic fatty liver.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- T. Çevik Saldiran
- Bitlis Eren University, School of Health Sciences, Department of Physiotherapy and Rehabilitation, Bitlis 13000, Turkey
| | - F. Karantay Mutluay
- Istanbul Medipol University, Faculty of Health Sciences, Department of Physiotherapy and Rehabilitation, Istanbul 34000, Turkey
| | - I. Yağci
- Marmara University, Physical Therapy and Rehabilitation Department of Medicine, Istanbul 34000, Turkey
| | - Y. Yilmaz
- Marmara University, Gastroenterology Department of Medicine, Istanbul 34000, Turkey
| |
Collapse
|
40
|
Kisiolek JN, Kheredia N, Flores V, Ramani A, Lisano J, Johnston N, Stewart LK. Short Term, Oral Supplementation with Optimized Curcumin Does Not Impair Performance Improvements Associated with High Intensity Interval Training. J Diet Suppl 2021; 19:733-746. [PMID: 34114918 DOI: 10.1080/19390211.2021.1936335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Curcumin may improve athletic performance through a reduction in inflammation following exercise and improve mental states of well-being. The purpose of this investigation was to explore the effects of a 14 day HIIT intervention and oral supplementation with Longvida® optimized curcumin on athletic performance, lactate response, and well-being. Sixteen males and twenty females participated in a double-blinded, randomized, placebo-controlled trial to explore the effects of Longvida(R) optimized curcumin (1.0 g/day) and or a placebo (PLA) taken daily during a 14 day HIIT protocol. Participants were randomized into two groups, then evaluated in three groups, curcumin-fast (CURF), curcumin-slow (CURS) and placebo. Curcumin-fast and curcumin-slow were separated by their 16.1 km cycling time trial performance (TT) with CURF and CURS determined by a TT <30 min and >30 min at the pre intervention time point, respectively. Cycling time-trial performance, blood lactate response, and well-being assessments were determined at pre and post 14 day HIIT intervention time points. Blood lactate was recorded at baseline, 8.01 km, 15.1 km, and 1 min post, and 4 min post of the pre and post intervention TT. Following the internvetion, CONP and CURS experienced with 8.15% and 5.04% improvements in TT performance times, while CURF experienced a 0.57% improvement in TT performance time. No changes were observed with respect to other measures. When curcumin is taken daily in conjunction with 14 days of HIIT on a cycle ergometer, cycling performance in either well trained or more recreationally trained athletes is not impaired. Although the improvements in TT performance were not stasticially significant, they are noteworthy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jacob N Kisiolek
- School of Sport and Exercise Science, University of Northern Colorado, Greeley, CO, USA
| | | | - Victoria Flores
- School of Sport and Exercise Science, University of Northern Colorado, Greeley, CO, USA
| | - Arjun Ramani
- School of Sport and Exercise Science, University of Northern Colorado, Greeley, CO, USA
| | - Jonathon Lisano
- School of Sport and Exercise Science, University of Northern Colorado, Greeley, CO, USA
| | - Nora Johnston
- School of Sport and Exercise Science, University of Northern Colorado, Greeley, CO, USA
| | - Laura K Stewart
- School of Sport and Exercise Science, University of Northern Colorado, Greeley, CO, USA
| |
Collapse
|
41
|
Polito R, Monaco ML, Mallardo M, Elce A, Daniele A, Nigro E. Treatment with sera from Water Polo athletes activates AMPKα and ACC proteins In HepG2 hepatoma cell line. SPORT SCIENCES FOR HEALTH 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s11332-021-00742-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Purpose
Physical activity and professional physical activity such as water polo (WP) sport, has numerous beneficial effects to fight metabolism-related disorders through several mechanisms, including the promotion of liver metabolic adaptations, and the modulation of cytokine production. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of different types of physical activity on AMPKα and ACC, two proteins involved in liver metabolism; therefore, we treated the hepatoma cell line Hep G2 with sera from elite WP athletes and amateur (basket) players. As control, we used serum from both sedentary and obese subjects.
Methods
Help G2 cells were treated with 5% of human sera from the different subjects; after 24 h and 48 h, HepG2 cell viability was verified through MTT assay and activation status of AMPKα and ACC through western blotting. Cytokine’s serum levels were measured through ELISA assay.
Results
After 72 h, the treatment of HepG2 cells with sera from the different subjects produced no effect on cell viability. Furthermore, after 48 h of treatment, both AMPKα and ACC phosphorylation statistically increases in HepG2 cells treated with sera from WP athletes. Furthermore, IL-4, IL-6 and IL-10 levels resulted statistically increased in WP athlete’s sera than in sedentary subjects.
Conclusion
The specific activation of AMPKα and ACC by WP sera confirms that professional sport activity carried out by WP athletes can be considered as a physiological activator of these two proteins also in HepG2 liver cells. In addition, the increase of anti-inflammatory cytokines in WP sera confirms the ample evidence for multiple anti-inflammatory activities carried out by WP discipline.
Collapse
|
42
|
Turner L, Santosa S. Putting ATM to BED: How Adipose Tissue Macrophages Are Affected by Bariatric Surgery, Exercise, and Dietary Fatty Acids. Adv Nutr 2021; 12:1893-1910. [PMID: 33979430 PMCID: PMC8483961 DOI: 10.1093/advances/nmab011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2020] [Revised: 12/17/2020] [Accepted: 01/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
With increasing adiposity in obesity, adipose tissue macrophages contribute to adipose tissue malfunction and increased circulating proinflammatory cytokines. The chronic low-grade inflammation that occurs in obesity ultimately gives rise to a state of metainflammation that increases the risk of metabolic disease. To date, only lifestyle and surgical interventions have been shown to be somewhat effective at reversing the negative consequences of obesity and restoring adipose tissue homeostasis. Exercise, dietary interventions, and bariatric surgery result in immunomodulation, and for some individuals their effects are significant with or without weight loss. Robust evidence suggests that these interventions reduce chronic inflammation, in part, by affecting macrophage infiltration and promoting a phenotypic switch from the M1- to M2-like macrophages. The purpose of this review is to discuss the impact of dietary fatty acids, exercise, and bariatric surgery on cellular characteristics affecting adipose tissue macrophage presence and phenotypes in obesity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Laurent Turner
- Department of Health, Kinesiology, and Applied Physiology, Concordia University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada,Metabolism, Obesity, and Nutrition Lab, PERFORM Centre, Concordia University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | | |
Collapse
|
43
|
Winn NC, Cottam MA, Wasserman DH, Hasty AH. Exercise and Adipose Tissue Immunity: Outrunning Inflammation. Obesity (Silver Spring) 2021; 29:790-801. [PMID: 33899336 DOI: 10.1002/oby.23147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2020] [Revised: 01/02/2021] [Accepted: 01/26/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Chronic inflammation is considered a precipitating factor and possibly an underlying cause of many noncommunicable diseases, including cardiovascular disease, metabolic diseases, and some cancers. Obesity, which manifests in more than 650 million people worldwide, is the most common chronic inflammatory condition, with visceral adiposity thought to be the major inflammatory hub that links obesity and chronic disease. Adipose tissue (AT) inflammation is triggered or heightened in large part by (1) accelerated immune cell recruitment, (2) reshaping of the AT stromal-immuno landscape (e.g., immune cells, endothelial cells, fibroblasts, adipocyte progenitors), and (3) perturbed AT immune cell function. Exercise, along with diet management, is a cornerstone in promoting weight loss and preventing weight regain. This review focuses on evidence that increased physical activity reduces AT inflammation caused by hypercaloric diets or genetic obesity. The precise cell types and mechanisms responsible for the therapeutic effects of exercise on AT inflammation remain poorly understood. This review summarizes what is known about obesity-induced AT inflammation and immunomodulation and highlights mechanisms by which aerobic exercise combats inflammation by remodeling the AT immune landscape. Furthermore, key areas are highlighted that require future exploration and novel discoveries into the burgeoning field of how the biology of exercise affects AT immunity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nathan C Winn
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Matthew A Cottam
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - David H Wasserman
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
- Vanderbilt Mouse Metabolic Phenotyping Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Alyssa H Hasty
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
- VA Tennessee Valley Healthcare System, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| |
Collapse
|
44
|
Michailidou Z, Gomez-Salazar M, Alexaki VI. Innate Immune Cells in the Adipose Tissue in Health and Metabolic Disease. J Innate Immun 2021; 14:4-30. [PMID: 33849008 DOI: 10.1159/000515117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2020] [Accepted: 02/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Metabolic disorders, such as obesity, type 2 diabetes mellitus, and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease, are characterized by chronic low-grade tissue and systemic inflammation. During obesity, the adipose tissue undergoes immunometabolic and functional transformation. Adipose tissue inflammation is driven by innate and adaptive immune cells and instigates insulin resistance. Here, we discuss the role of innate immune cells, that is, macrophages, neutrophils, eosinophils, natural killer cells, innate lymphoid type 2 cells, dendritic cells, and mast cells, in the adipose tissue in the healthy (lean) and diseased (obese) state and describe how their function is shaped by the obesogenic microenvironment, and humoral, paracrine, and cellular interactions. Moreover, we particularly outline the role of hypoxia as a central regulator in adipose tissue inflammation. Finally, we discuss the long-lasting effects of adipose tissue inflammation and its potential reversibility through drugs, caloric restriction, or exercise training.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zoi Michailidou
- Centre for Cardiovascular Sciences, Edinburgh University, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Mario Gomez-Salazar
- Centre for Cardiovascular Sciences, Edinburgh University, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Vasileia Ismini Alexaki
- Institute for Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, Medical Faculty, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
45
|
Belmonte Darraz S, González-Roldán AM, de María Arrebola J, Montoro-Aguilar CI. [Physical exercise impact on variables related to emotional and functional well-being in older adults]. Rev Esp Geriatr Gerontol 2021; 56:136-143. [PMID: 33775433 DOI: 10.1016/j.regg.2021.01.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2020] [Revised: 01/07/2021] [Accepted: 01/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIM The benefits of the physical exercise in aging, and specially in frailty, have been associated with reduced risk of mortality, chronic disease, and cognitive and functional impairments. Multi-component training, which combines strength, endurance, balance, and gait training, represents the most beneficial kind of physical exercise in older adults. METHODS Given the effectiveness of the multi-component training, a physical exercise program «Actívate» (based on the methodology Vivifrail), with the focus on «active aging», was conducted in the present study. Forty-nine older adults over 60 years participated in this program. RESULTS The physical exercise intervention led to a reduction in diastolic blood pressure, pain threshold and sleep disturbances (e. g. hypersomnia) (t ≥ 2.72, p < 0.01), as well as an increase of walking speed (t = 7.84, p ≤ 0.001). Further, quality of life factors (GENCAT scale), like emotional well-being, personal development, physical well-being, self-determination, and social inclusion, were greater after intervention (t ≥ -2.06, p < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS These findings underline the benefits of multi-component training in functionality of older adults, and further, provide relevant aspects about the modulation of pain perception, sleep disturbances, social factors and physical and emotional well-being. Physical exercise programs such as «Actívate» should be promoted, in order to encourage healthy lifestyle habits, in the older adults' population.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Saliha Belmonte Darraz
- Instituto de Investigación en Ciencias de la Salud (IUNICS) e Instituto de Investigación en Salud de las Islas Baleares (IdISBa), Universidad de las Islas Baleares (UIB), Palma, España; Área de Sanidad del Ayuntamiento de Palma de Mallorca, Palma, España
| | - Ana María González-Roldán
- Instituto de Investigación en Ciencias de la Salud (IUNICS) e Instituto de Investigación en Salud de las Islas Baleares (IdISBa), Universidad de las Islas Baleares (UIB), Palma, España
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
46
|
Pillon NJ, Loos RJF, Marshall SM, Zierath JR. Metabolic consequences of obesity and type 2 diabetes: Balancing genes and environment for personalized care. Cell 2021; 184:1530-1544. [PMID: 33675692 PMCID: PMC9191863 DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2021.02.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 33.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2020] [Revised: 11/25/2020] [Accepted: 02/03/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The prevalence of type 2 diabetes and obesity has risen dramatically for decades and is expected to rise further, secondary to the growing aging, sedentary population. The strain on global health care is projected to be colossal. This review explores the latest work and emerging ideas related to genetic and environmental factors influencing metabolism. Translational research and clinical applications, including the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic, are highlighted. Looking forward, strategies to personalize all aspects of prevention, management and care are necessary to improve health outcomes and reduce the impact of these metabolic diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nicolas J Pillon
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Ruth J F Loos
- The Charles Bronfman Institute for Personalized Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York; The Mindich Child Health and Development Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York
| | - Sally M Marshall
- Diabetes Research Group, Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Faculty of Clinical Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, 4(th) Floor William Leech Building, Framlington Place, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE2 4HH, UK
| | - Juleen R Zierath
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden; Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.
| |
Collapse
|
47
|
Filgueira TO, Castoldi A, Santos LER, de Amorim GJ, de Sousa Fernandes MS, Anastácio WDLDN, Campos EZ, Santos TM, Souto FO. The Relevance of a Physical Active Lifestyle and Physical Fitness on Immune Defense: Mitigating Disease Burden, With Focus on COVID-19 Consequences. Front Immunol 2021; 12:587146. [PMID: 33613573 PMCID: PMC7892446 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.587146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2020] [Accepted: 01/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is a fast spreading virus leading to the development of Coronavirus Disease-2019 (COVID-19). Severe and critical cases are characterized by damage to the respiratory system, endothelial inflammation, and multiple organ failure triggered by an excessive production of proinflammatory cytokines, culminating in the high number of deaths all over the world. Sedentarism induces worse, continuous, and progressive consequences to health. On the other hand, physical activity provides benefits to health and improves low-grade systemic inflammation. The aim of this review is to elucidate the effects of physical activity in physical fitness, immune defense, and its contribution to mitigate the severe inflammatory response mediated by SARS-CoV-2. Physical exercise is an effective therapeutic strategy to mitigate the consequences of SARS-CoV-2 infection. In this sense, studies have shown that acute physical exercise induces the production of myokines that are secreted in tissues and into the bloodstream, supporting its systemic modulatory effect. Therefore, maintaining physical activity influence balance the immune system and increases immune vigilance, and also might promote potent effects against the consequences of infectious diseases and chronic diseases associated with the development of severe forms of COVID-19. Protocols to maintain exercise practice are suggested and have been strongly established, such as home-based exercise (HBE) and outdoor-based exercise (OBE). In this regard, HBE might help to reduce levels of physical inactivity, bed rest, and sitting time, impacting on adherence to physical activity, promoting all the benefits related to exercise, and attracting patients in different stages of treatment for COVID-19. In parallel, OBE must improve health, but also prevent and mitigate COVID-19 severe outcomes in all populations. In conclusion, HBE or OBE models can be a potent strategy to mitigate the progress of infection, and a coadjutant therapy for COVID-19 at all ages and different chronic conditions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Angela Castoldi
- Keizo Asami Immunopathology Laboratory, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Recife, Brazil
| | - Lucas Eduardo R. Santos
- Pós Graduação em Educação Física, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Recife, Brazil
- Pós Graduação em Neuropsiquiatria e Ciências do Comportamento, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Recife, Brazil
| | - Geraldo José de Amorim
- Keizo Asami Immunopathology Laboratory, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Recife, Brazil
- Serviço de Nefrologia do Hospital das Clínicas, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Recife, Brazil
| | - Matheus Santos de Sousa Fernandes
- Pós Graduação em Educação Física, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Recife, Brazil
- Pós Graduação em Neuropsiquiatria e Ciências do Comportamento, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Recife, Brazil
| | | | | | - Tony Meireles Santos
- Pós Graduação em Educação Física, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Recife, Brazil
| | - Fabrício Oliveira Souto
- Keizo Asami Immunopathology Laboratory, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Recife, Brazil
- Núcleo de Ciências da Vida, Centro Acadêmico do Agreste, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Caruaru, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
48
|
Aerobic exercise and lipolysis: A review of the β-adrenergic signaling pathways in adipose tissue. Sci Sports 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.scispo.2020.04.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
|
49
|
Effects of Exercise Interventions on Inflammatory Parameters in Acutely Hospitalized Older Patients: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials. J Clin Med 2021; 10:jcm10020290. [PMID: 33466835 PMCID: PMC7830051 DOI: 10.3390/jcm10020290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2020] [Revised: 01/12/2021] [Accepted: 01/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The purpose of this systematic review and meta-analysis was to appraise the acute effects of exercise training on inflammatory parameters in hospitalized older adults. We conducted a systematic review using the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines. Web of Science, Medline and PubMed were searched for studies published until August 2020. The review included all randomized controlled trials (RCTs) that evaluated and compared the effect of exercise versus usual care on inflammatory parameters in acutely hospitalized older adults. Two reviewers independently assessed the studies. The quality of all the included studies was assessed using the DerSimonian-Laird random-effects inverse-variance model. Five studies (275 participants) met the inclusion criteria. The exercise interventions included resistance or multicomponent intervention programs. The results indicate that, compared with usual care, exercise interventions have a positive impact on overall inflammatory parameters, including C-reactive protein (CRP) and insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-1) (Hedge's g = -0.19, 95% confidence interval [CI] -0.33 to -0.04, p = 0.011, I2 = 0%). However, analyses of individual inflammatory parameters revealed a non-significant trend for reductions in CRP (Hedge's g = -0.20, 95% CI -0.47 to 0.07, p = 0.151, I2 = 31.2%) and IGF-I (Hedge's g = -0.34, 95% CI -0.79 to 0.11, p = 0.138, I2 = 0%). On the basis of this review, we conclude that exercise during acute hospitalization offers a mild improvement in the inflammatory profile over usual care in older patients. Nevertheless, due to limited number of RCTs, our findings must be interpreted with caution and confirmed in future studies.
Collapse
|
50
|
Verschoor CP, Andrew MK, Loeb M, Pawelec G, Haynes L, Kuchel GA, McElhaney JE. Antibody and Cell-Mediated Immune Responses Are Correlates of Protection against Influenza Infection in Vaccinated Older Adults. Vaccines (Basel) 2021; 9:vaccines9010025. [PMID: 33430191 PMCID: PMC7825602 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines9010025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2020] [Revised: 12/21/2020] [Accepted: 01/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite efforts to design better vaccines for older adults, the risk for serious complications of influenza remains disproportionately high. Identifying correlates of vaccine effectiveness and understanding the heterogeneity of health outcomes in older adults are key to the vaccine development pipeline. We sought correlates of protection against laboratory-confirmed influenza illness (LCII) in a 4-year randomized trial of standard versus high-dose influenza vaccination of adults 65 years and older. To this end, we quantified serum hemagglutination-inhibition (HAI) titers and interferon-gamma (IFNγ) and interleukin-10 (IL-10) secretion by virus-challenged peripheral blood mononuclear cells. Of the 608 participants included, 26 developed either A/H3N2-(n = 17) or B-LCII (n = 9) at 10-20 weeks post-vaccination. Antibody titres for A/H3N2 at 4-weeks post-vaccination were significantly associated with protection against LCII, where every 1-standard deviation increase reduced the odds of A/H3N2-LCII by 53%. Although B-titres did not correlate with protection against B-LCII, the fold-increase in IFNγ:IL-10 ratios from pre- to 4-weeks post-vaccination was significantly associated with protection against B-LCII, where every 1-standard deviation increase reduced the odds by 71%. Our results suggest that both antibody and cell-mediated immune measures are valuable and potentially complementary correlates of protection against LCII in vaccinated older adults, although this may depend on the viral type causing infection.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chris P. Verschoor
- Health Sciences North Research Institute, Sudbury, ON P3E 5J1, Canada; (G.P.); (J.E.M.)
- Northern Ontario School of Medicine, Sudbury, ON P3E 2C6, Canada
- Correspondence:
| | - Melissa K. Andrew
- Department of Medicine (Geriatrics), Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS B3H 2E1, Canada;
| | - Mark Loeb
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON L8S 4L8, Canada;
| | - Graham Pawelec
- Health Sciences North Research Institute, Sudbury, ON P3E 5J1, Canada; (G.P.); (J.E.M.)
- Department of Immunology, University of Tübingen, 72074 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Laura Haynes
- UConn Center on Aging, University of Connecticut School of Medicine, Farmington, CT 06030, USA; (L.H.); (G.A.K.)
| | - George A. Kuchel
- UConn Center on Aging, University of Connecticut School of Medicine, Farmington, CT 06030, USA; (L.H.); (G.A.K.)
| | - Janet E. McElhaney
- Health Sciences North Research Institute, Sudbury, ON P3E 5J1, Canada; (G.P.); (J.E.M.)
- Northern Ontario School of Medicine, Sudbury, ON P3E 2C6, Canada
| |
Collapse
|