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Panganiban RA, Nadeau KC, Lu Q. Pyroptosis, gasdermins and allergic diseases. Allergy 2024; 79:2380-2395. [PMID: 39003568 PMCID: PMC11368650 DOI: 10.1111/all.16236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2024] [Revised: 07/01/2024] [Accepted: 07/04/2024] [Indexed: 07/15/2024]
Abstract
Pyroptosis is an inflammatory form of programmed cell death that is distinct from necrosis and apoptosis. Pyroptosis is primarily mediated by the gasdermin family of proteins (GSDMA-E and PVJK), which, when activated by proteolytic cleavage, form pores in the plasma membrane, leading to cell death. While much of the past research on pyroptosis has focused on its role in cancer, metabolic disorders, and infectious diseases, recent experimental and observational studies have begun to implicate pyroptosis in allergic diseases. These studies suggest that gasdermin-mediated pyroptosis contributes to the development of allergic conditions and could offer novel targets for therapy. Here, we review our current understanding of pyroptosis with an emphasis on the role of gasdermins as executioners of pyroptosis and potential mediators to allergic disease. We highlight new discoveries that establish a mechanistic link between the biochemical actions of gasdermins and the onset of allergic diseases. Additionally, we discuss how pyroptosis and gasdermins might contribute to the dysfunction of epithelial barrier, a key factor believed to initiate the progression of various allergic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ronald Allan Panganiban
- Division of Asthma Research, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
- Division of Human Genetics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
| | - Kari C Nadeau
- Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Division of Allergy and Inflammation, Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Quan Lu
- Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
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2
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Long Y, Jia X, Chu L. Insight into the structure, function and the tumor suppression effect of gasdermin E. Biochem Pharmacol 2024; 226:116348. [PMID: 38852642 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2024.116348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2024] [Revised: 05/20/2024] [Accepted: 06/06/2024] [Indexed: 06/11/2024]
Abstract
Gasdermin E (GSDME), which is also known as DFNA5, was first identified as a deafness-related gene that is expressed in cochlear hair cells, and mutation of this gene causes autosomal dominant neurogenic hearing loss. Later studies revealed that GSDME is mostly expressed in the kidney, placenta, muscle and brain cells, but it is expressed at low levels in tumor cells. The GSDME gene encodes the GSDME protein, which is a member of the gasdermin (GSDM) family and has been shown to participate in the induction of apoptosis and pyroptosis. The current literature suggests that Caspase-3 and Granzyme B (Gzm B) can cleave GSDME to generate the active N-terminal fragment (GSDME-NT), which integrates with the cell membrane and forms pores in this membrane to induce pyroptosis. Furthermore, GSDME also forms pores in mitochondrial membranes to release apoptosis factors, such as cytochrome c (Cyt c) and high-temperature requirement protein A2 (HtrA2/Omi), and subsequently activates the intrinsic apoptosis pathway. In recent years, GSDME has been shown to exert tumor-suppressive effects, suggesting that it has potential therapeutic effects on tumors. In this review, we introduce the structure and function of GSDME and the mechanism by which it induces cell death, and we discuss its tumor suppressive effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuge Long
- Hepatic Surgery Center, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, Hubei, China; College of Life Sciences and Medicine, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou 310018, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xiaoyuan Jia
- College of Life Sciences and Medicine, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou 310018, Zhejiang, China
| | - Liang Chu
- Hepatic Surgery Center, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, Hubei, China.
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3
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Demkova L, Bugajev V, Adamcova MK, Kuchar L, Grusanovic S, Alberich-Jorda M, Draber P, Halova I. Simultaneous deletion of ORMDL1 and ORMDL3 proteins disrupts immune cell homeostasis. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1376629. [PMID: 38715613 PMCID: PMC11074395 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1376629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2024] [Accepted: 04/08/2024] [Indexed: 06/04/2024] Open
Abstract
ORMDL3 is a prominent member of a family of highly conserved endoplasmic reticulum resident proteins, ORMs (ORM1 and ORM2) in yeast, dORMDL in Drosophila and ORMDLs (ORMDL1, ORMDL2, and ORMDL3) in mammals. ORMDL3 mediates feedback inhibition of de novo sphingolipid synthesis. Expression levels of ORMDL3 are associated with the development of inflammatory and autoimmune diseases including asthma, systemic lupus erythematosus, type 1 diabetes mellitus and others. It has been shown that simultaneous deletions of other ORMDL family members could potentiate ORMDL3-induced phenotypes. To understand the complex function of ORMDL proteins in immunity in vivo, we analyzed mice with single or double deletions of Ormdl genes. In contrast to other single and double knockouts, simultaneous deletion of ORMDL1 and ORMDL3 proteins disrupted blood homeostasis and reduced immune cell content in peripheral blood and spleens of mice. The reduced number of splenocytes was not caused by aberrant immune cell homing. A competitive bone marrow transplantation assay showed that the development of Ormdl1-/-/Ormdl3-/- B cells was dependent on lymphocyte intrinsic factors. Highly increased sphingolipid production was observed in the spleens and bone marrow of Ormdl1-/-/Ormdl3-/- mice. Slight, yet significant, increase in some sphingolipid species was also observed in the spleens of Ormdl3-/- mice and in the bone marrow of both, Ormdl1-/- and Ormdl3-/- single knockout mice. Taken together, our results demonstrate that the physiological expression of ORMDL proteins is critical for the proper development and circulation of lymphocytes. We also show cell-type specific roles of individual ORMDL family members in the production of different sphingolipid species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Livia Demkova
- Laboratory of Signal Transduction, Institute of Molecular Genetics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czechia
| | - Viktor Bugajev
- Laboratory of Signal Transduction, Institute of Molecular Genetics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czechia
| | - Miroslava K. Adamcova
- Laboratory of Hemato-Oncology, Institute of Molecular Genetics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czechia
| | - Ladislav Kuchar
- Research Unit for Rare Diseases, Department of Pediatrics and Inherited Metabolic Disorders, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and General University Hospital in Prague, Prague, Czechia
| | - Srdjan Grusanovic
- Laboratory of Hemato-Oncology, Institute of Molecular Genetics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czechia
| | - Meritxell Alberich-Jorda
- Laboratory of Hemato-Oncology, Institute of Molecular Genetics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czechia
| | - Petr Draber
- Laboratory of Signal Transduction, Institute of Molecular Genetics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czechia
| | - Ivana Halova
- Laboratory of Signal Transduction, Institute of Molecular Genetics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czechia
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4
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Elkoshi Z. TGF-β, IL-1β, IL-6 levels and TGF-β/Smad pathway reactivity regulate the link between allergic diseases, cancer risk, and metabolic dysregulations. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1371753. [PMID: 38629073 PMCID: PMC11019030 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1371753] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2024] [Accepted: 03/15/2024] [Indexed: 04/19/2024] Open
Abstract
The risk of cancer is higher in patients with asthma compared to those with allergic rhinitis for many types of cancer, except for certain cancers where a contrasting pattern is observed. This study offers a potential explanation for these observations, proposing that the premalignant levels of circulating transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β), IL-1β, and IL-6 as well as the reactivity of the TGF-β/Smad signaling pathway at the specific cancer site, are crucial factors contributing to the observed disparities. Circulating TGF-β, IL- β and IL-6 levels also help clarify why asthma is positively associated with obesity, Type 2 diabetes, hypertension, and insulin resistance, whereas allergic rhinitis is negatively linked to these conditions. Furthermore, TGF-β/Smad pathway reactivity explains the dual impact of obesity, increasing the risk of certain types of cancer while offering protection against other types of cancer. It is suggested that the association of asthma with cancer and metabolic dysregulations is primarily linked to the subtype of neutrophilic asthma. A binary classification of TGF-β activity as either high (in the presence of IL-1β and IL-6) or low (in the presence or absence of IL-1β and IL-6) is proposed to differentiate between allergy patients prone to cancer and metabolic dysregulations and those less prone. Glycolysis and oxidative phosphorylation, the two major metabolic pathways utilized by cells for energy exploitation, potentially underlie this dichotomous classification by reprogramming metabolic pathways in immune cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zeev Elkoshi
- Research and Development Department, Taro Pharmaceutical Industries Ltd, Haifa, Israel
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5
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Medeleanu MV, Qian YC, Moraes TJ, Subbarao P. Early-immune development in asthma: A review of the literature. Cell Immunol 2023; 393-394:104770. [PMID: 37837916 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellimm.2023.104770] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2023] [Revised: 09/14/2023] [Accepted: 09/21/2023] [Indexed: 10/16/2023]
Abstract
This review presents a comprehensive examination of the various factors contributing to the immunopathogenesis of asthma from the prenatal to preschool period. We focus on the contributions of genetic and environmental components as well as the role of the nasal and gut microbiome on immune development. Predisposing genetic factors, including inherited genes associated with increased susceptibility to asthma, are discussed alongside environmental factors such as respiratory viruses and pollutant exposure, which can trigger or exacerbate asthma symptoms. Furthermore, the intricate interplay between the nasal and gut microbiome and the immune system is explored, emphasizing their influence on allergic immune development and response to environmental stimuli. This body of literature underscores the necessity of a comprehensive approach to comprehend and manage asthma, as it emphasizes the interactions of multiple factors in immune development and disease progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria V Medeleanu
- Department of Physiology, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Canada; Translational Medicine, SickKids Research Institute, Hospital for Sick Children, Canada
| | - Yu Chen Qian
- Department of Physiology, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Canada; Translational Medicine, SickKids Research Institute, Hospital for Sick Children, Canada
| | - Theo J Moraes
- Translational Medicine, SickKids Research Institute, Hospital for Sick Children, Canada; Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Canada; Department of Paediatrics, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Canada; Division of Respiratory Medicine, Hospital for Sick Children, Canada
| | - Padmaja Subbarao
- Department of Physiology, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Canada; Translational Medicine, SickKids Research Institute, Hospital for Sick Children, Canada; Department of Paediatrics, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Canada; Division of Respiratory Medicine, Hospital for Sick Children, Canada; Epidemiology Division, Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Canada.
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6
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Guan F, Luo X, Liu J, Huang Y, Liu Q, Chang J, Fang G, Kang D, Gu H, Luo L, Yang L, Lin Z, Gao X, Liu C, Lei J. GSDMA3 deficiency reprograms cellular metabolism and modulates BCR signaling in murine B cells. iScience 2023; 26:107341. [PMID: 37539041 PMCID: PMC10393796 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2023.107341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2023] [Revised: 06/15/2023] [Accepted: 07/06/2023] [Indexed: 08/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Metabolism plays a crucial role in B cell differentiation and function. GSDMA3 is related to mitochondrial metabolism and is involved in immune responses. Here, we used Gsdma3 KO mice to examine the effect of GSDMA3 on B cells. The results demonstrated that GSDMA3 deficiency reprogrammed B cell metabolism, evidenced by upregulating PI3K-Akt-mTOR signaling, along with elevated ROS reproduction and reduced maximal oxygen consumption rate in mitochondria. Moreover, the BCR signaling in the KO B cells was impaired. The reduced BCR signaling was associated with decreased BCR clustering, caused by inhibited activation of WASP. However, GSDMA3 deficiency had no effects on B cell development and functions in humoral immunity, which might be associated with the compensation of upregulated GSDMA2 expression and the fine balance between PI3K signaling and BCR signals interaction. Our observations reveal a previously unknown influence of GSDMA3 on B cells under physiological and immunized states.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fei Guan
- Department of Pathogen Biology, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Xi Luo
- Department of Pathogen Biology, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Ju Liu
- Department of Pathogen Biology, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Yanmei Huang
- Department of Pathogen Biology, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Qi Liu
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Yangtze University, Jingzhou 434023, China
| | - Jiang Chang
- Department of Pathogen Biology, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Guofeng Fang
- Department of Pathogen Biology, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Danqing Kang
- Department of Pathogen Biology, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Heng Gu
- Department of Pathogen Biology, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Li Luo
- Department of Pathogen Biology, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Lu Yang
- Department of Pathogen Biology, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Zhaoyu Lin
- Model Animal Research Center, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Model Animal for Disease Research, School of Medicine, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210061, China
| | - Xiang Gao
- Model Animal Research Center, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Model Animal for Disease Research, School of Medicine, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210061, China
| | - Chaohong Liu
- Department of Pathogen Biology, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Jiahui Lei
- Department of Pathogen Biology, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
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7
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Allali-Boumara I, Marrero AD, Quesada AR, Martínez-Poveda B, Medina MÁ. Pyroptosis Modulators: New Insights of Gasdermins in Health and Disease. Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 12:1551. [PMID: 37627547 PMCID: PMC10451529 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12081551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2023] [Revised: 07/30/2023] [Accepted: 08/01/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Pyroptosis is an inflammation-dependent type of cell death that has been in the spotlight for the scientific community in the last few years. Crucial players in the process of pyroptosis are the members of the gasdermin family of proteins, which have been parallelly studied. Upon induction of pyroptosis, gasdermins suffer from structural changes leading to the formation of pores in the membrane that subsequently cause the release of pro-inflammatory contents. Recently, it has been discovered that oxidation plays a key role in the activation of certain gasdermins. Here, we review the current knowledge on pyroptosis and human gasdermins, focusing on the description of the different members of the family, their molecular structures, and their influence on health and disease directly or non-directly related to inflammation. Noteworthy, we have focused on the existing understanding of the role of this family of proteins in cancer, which could translate into novel promising strategies aimed at benefiting human health. In conclusion, the modulation of pyroptosis and gasdermins by natural and synthetic compounds through different mechanisms, including modification of the redox state of cells, has been proven effective and sets precedents for future therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Imane Allali-Boumara
- Andalucía Tech, Departamento de Biología Molecular y Bioquímica, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Málaga, E-29071 Málaga, Spain; (I.A.-B.); (A.D.M.); (A.R.Q.); (B.M.-P.)
| | - Ana Dácil Marrero
- Andalucía Tech, Departamento de Biología Molecular y Bioquímica, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Málaga, E-29071 Málaga, Spain; (I.A.-B.); (A.D.M.); (A.R.Q.); (B.M.-P.)
- Instituto de Investigación Biomédica y Plataforma en Nanomedicina-IBIMA Plataforma BIONAND (Biomedical Research Institute of Málaga), E-29071 Málaga, Spain
- CIBER de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, E-28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Ana R. Quesada
- Andalucía Tech, Departamento de Biología Molecular y Bioquímica, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Málaga, E-29071 Málaga, Spain; (I.A.-B.); (A.D.M.); (A.R.Q.); (B.M.-P.)
- Instituto de Investigación Biomédica y Plataforma en Nanomedicina-IBIMA Plataforma BIONAND (Biomedical Research Institute of Málaga), E-29071 Málaga, Spain
- CIBER de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, E-28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Beatriz Martínez-Poveda
- Andalucía Tech, Departamento de Biología Molecular y Bioquímica, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Málaga, E-29071 Málaga, Spain; (I.A.-B.); (A.D.M.); (A.R.Q.); (B.M.-P.)
- Instituto de Investigación Biomédica y Plataforma en Nanomedicina-IBIMA Plataforma BIONAND (Biomedical Research Institute of Málaga), E-29071 Málaga, Spain
- CIBER de Enfermedades Cardiovasculares (CIBERCV), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, E-28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Miguel Ángel Medina
- Andalucía Tech, Departamento de Biología Molecular y Bioquímica, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Málaga, E-29071 Málaga, Spain; (I.A.-B.); (A.D.M.); (A.R.Q.); (B.M.-P.)
- Instituto de Investigación Biomédica y Plataforma en Nanomedicina-IBIMA Plataforma BIONAND (Biomedical Research Institute of Málaga), E-29071 Málaga, Spain
- CIBER de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, E-28029 Madrid, Spain
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8
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Greenwood CS, Wynosky-Dolfi MA, Beal AM, Booty LM. Gasdermins assemble; recent developments in bacteriology and pharmacology. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1173519. [PMID: 37266429 PMCID: PMC10230072 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1173519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2023] [Accepted: 05/02/2023] [Indexed: 06/03/2023] Open
Abstract
The discovery of gasdermin D (GSDMD) as the terminal executioner of pyroptosis provided a large piece of the cell death puzzle, whilst simultaneously and firmly putting the gasdermin family into the limelight. In its purest form, GSDMD provides a connection between the innate alarm systems to an explosive, inflammatory form of cell death to jolt the local environment into immunological action. However, the gasdermin field has moved rapidly and significantly since the original seminal work and novel functions and mechanisms have been recently uncovered, particularly in response to infection. Gasdermins regulate and are regulated by mechanisms such as autophagy, metabolism and NETosis in fighting pathogen and protecting host. Importantly, activators and interactors of the other gasdermins, not just GSDMD, have been recently elucidated and have opened new avenues for gasdermin-based discovery. Key to this is the development of potent and specific tool molecules, so far a challenge for the field. Here we will cover some of these recently discovered areas in relation to bacterial infection before providing an overview of the pharmacological landscape and the challenges associated with targeting gasdermins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudine S. Greenwood
- Chemical Biology, GSK, Stevenage, United Kingdom
- Pure and Applied Chemistry, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | | | - Allison M. Beal
- Immunology Research Unit, GSK, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Lee M. Booty
- Immunology Network, GSK, Stevenage, United Kingdom
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James BN, Weigel C, Green CD, Brown RDR, Palladino END, Tharakan A, Milstien S, Proia RL, Martin RK, Spiegel S. Neutrophilia in severe asthma is reduced in Ormdl3 overexpressing mice. FASEB J 2023; 37:e22799. [PMID: 36753412 PMCID: PMC9990076 DOI: 10.1096/fj.202201821r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2022] [Revised: 01/11/2023] [Accepted: 01/20/2023] [Indexed: 02/09/2023]
Abstract
Genome-wide association studies have linked the ORM (yeast)-like protein isoform 3 (ORMDL3) to asthma severity. Although ORMDL3 is a member of a family that negatively regulates serine palmitoyltransferase (SPT) and thus biosynthesis of sphingolipids, it is still unclear whether ORMDL3 and altered sphingolipid synthesis are causally related to non-Th2 severe asthma associated with a predominant neutrophil inflammation and high interleukin-17 (IL-17) levels. Here, we examined the effects of ORMDL3 overexpression in a preclinical mouse model of allergic lung inflammation that is predominantly neutrophilic and recapitulates many of the clinical features of severe human asthma. ORMDL3 overexpression reduced lung and circulating levels of dihydrosphingosine, the product of SPT. However, the most prominent effect on sphingolipid levels was reduction of circulating S1P. The LPS/OVA challenge increased markers of Th17 inflammation with a predominant infiltration of neutrophils into the lung. A significant decrease of neutrophil infiltration was observed in the Ormdl3 transgenic mice challenged with LPS/OVA compared to the wild type and concomitant decrease in IL-17, that plays a key role in the pathogenesis of neutrophilic asthma. LPS decreased survival of murine neutrophils, which was prevented by co-treatment with S1P. Moreover, S1P potentiated LPS-induced chemotaxis of neutrophil, suggesting that S1P can regulate neutrophil survival and recruitment following LPS airway inflammation. Our findings reveal a novel connection between ORMDL3 overexpression, circulating levels of S1P, IL-17 and neutrophil recruitment into the lung, and questions the potential involvement of ORMDL3 in the pathology, leading to development of severe neutrophilic asthma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Briana N. James
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular BiologyVirginia Commonwealth University School of MedicineRichmondVirginiaUSA
| | - Cynthia Weigel
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular BiologyVirginia Commonwealth University School of MedicineRichmondVirginiaUSA
| | - Christopher D. Green
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular BiologyVirginia Commonwealth University School of MedicineRichmondVirginiaUSA
| | - Ryan D. R. Brown
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular BiologyVirginia Commonwealth University School of MedicineRichmondVirginiaUSA
| | - Elisa N. D. Palladino
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular BiologyVirginia Commonwealth University School of MedicineRichmondVirginiaUSA
| | - Anuj Tharakan
- Department of Microbiology and ImmunologyVirginia Commonwealth University School of MedicineRichmondVirginiaUSA
| | - Sheldon Milstien
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular BiologyVirginia Commonwealth University School of MedicineRichmondVirginiaUSA
| | - Richard L. Proia
- Genetics and Biochemistry BranchNational Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, NIHBethesdaMarylandUSA
| | - Rebecca K. Martin
- Department of Microbiology and ImmunologyVirginia Commonwealth University School of MedicineRichmondVirginiaUSA
| | - Sarah Spiegel
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular BiologyVirginia Commonwealth University School of MedicineRichmondVirginiaUSA
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10
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CRISPR/Cas9 genome editing demonstrates functionality of the autoimmunity-associated SNP rs12946510. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2023; 1869:166599. [PMID: 36427699 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2022.166599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2022] [Revised: 10/13/2022] [Accepted: 11/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) map genetic associations of complex traits with precision limited to a linkage disequilibrium group. To translate GWAS results into new understanding of disease mechanisms, individual causative polymorphisms and their target genes should be identified. CRISPR/Cas9 genome editing can be used to create isogenic cell lines bearing alternative genotypes of candidate single-nucleotide polymorphisms to test their causality and to reveal gene targets. An intergenic polymorphism rs12946510 is associated with multiple sclerosis, inflammatory bowel disease and asthma. We created sublines of the T-helper cell line bearing alternative genotypes of rs12946510 and showed that its risk ("T") allele is associated with lower expression of IKZF3 and ORMDL3 genes and reduced cell activation. Our editing procedure can become an effective tool for discovering new genes involved in pathogenesis of complex diseases.
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Afzal S, Ramzan K, Ullah S, Jamal A, Basit S, AlKattan KM, Waqar AB. Association between 17q21 variants and asthma predisposition in Pashtun population from Pakistan. J Asthma 2023; 60:63-75. [PMID: 34982638 DOI: 10.1080/02770903.2021.2025391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Asthma is a heterogeneous and genetically complex respiratory disease, and more than 300 million people are affected worldwide. In this study, frequencies of four SNPs (rs3816470, rs7216389, rs8067378, rs12603332) in chromosome 17q21 region were analyzed and their relationship with the asthma susceptibility, in the Pashtun population of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa province (KPK) of Pakistan were investigated. METHODS DNA samples from 500 subjects (asthma cases/controls) were genotyped by Sanger sequencing. Chi-square tests, logistic regression analysis, linkage disequilibrium, and haplotype analysis techniques were applied to study the association of the SNPs with asthma. RESULTS Genetic models, including recessive, dominant, co-dominant, over-dominant, and additive, were tested. The frequencies of alleles T/T at rs3816470 (OR = 1.91; 95%CI = 1.15-3.18; p = .011*) and rs7216389 (OR = 2.14; 95%CI = 1.21-3.79; p = .0076*), A/A at rs 8067378 (OR = 1.89; 95%CI = 1.17-3.06; p = .0081*), C/C at rs12603332 (OR = 1.97; 95%CI = 1.18-3.27; p = .008*), under recessive models, respectively, were significantly (p-values < .0125) associated with asthma susceptibility. The frequencies of T/T genotype in rs3816470 (OR = 6.01; 95%CI = 2.48-14.60; p = .000147*), and rs7216389 (OR = 5.05; 95%CI = 1.79-14.21; p = .003296*), and C/C at rs12603332 (OR = 2.64; 95%CI = 1.11-6.32; p = .019063*), were significantly (p-values < .0125) associated with asthma susceptibility in Pashtun women by stratified analysis based on age and gender. Similarly, three unique haplotypes were found associated with disease development and protective effect in female and male subjects. Linkage disequilibrium analysis presented a strong linkage (≥80%) between SNP variants and predicted their co-inheritance in the studied population. CONCLUSION The 17q21 variants (rs3816470, rs7216389, rs12603332) were found significantly (p-values < .0125) associated with asthma predisposition in the Pashtun population of KPK exclusively in the female asthmatic cases. Supplemental data for this article can be accessed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sibtain Afzal
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Faculty of Allied & Health Sciences, Imperial College of Business Studies, Lahore, Pakistan.,College of Medicine, Alfaisal University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Khushnooda Ramzan
- Department of Genetics, King Faisal Specialist Hospital & Research Centre, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sajjad Ullah
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Faculty of Allied & Health Sciences, Imperial College of Business Studies, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Arshad Jamal
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Faculty of Allied & Health Sciences, Imperial College of Business Studies, Lahore, Pakistan.,Biology Department, College of Science, University of Hail, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Sulman Basit
- Center for Genetics and Inherited Diseases, Taibah University, Madinah Al-Munawarah, Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Ahmed Bilal Waqar
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Faculty of Allied & Health Sciences, Imperial College of Business Studies, Lahore, Pakistan.,University Institute of Medical Laboratory Technology, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, University of Lahore, Lahore, Pakistan
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12
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Korn V, Pluhackova K. Not sorcery after all: Roles of multiple charged residues in membrane insertion of gasdermin-A3. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 10:958957. [PMID: 36120563 PMCID: PMC9479151 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2022.958957] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2022] [Accepted: 07/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Gasdermins execute programmatory cell death, known as pyroptosis, by forming medium-sized membrane pores. Recently, the molecular structure of those pores as well as the diversity in their shape and size have been revealed by cryoTEM and atomic force microscopy, respectively. Even though a growth of smaller to larger oligomers and reshaping from slits to rings could be documented, the initiation of the gasdermin pore formation remains a mystery. In one hypothesis, gasdermin monomers insert into membranes before associating into oligomeric pores. In the other hypothesis, gasdermin oligomers preassemble on the membrane surface prior to membrane insertion. Here, by studying the behavior of monomeric membrane-inserted gasdermin-A3 (GSDMA3), we unveil that a monomeric gasdermin prefers the membrane-adsorbed over the membrane-inserted state. Our results thus support the hypothesis of oligomers preassembling on the membrane surface before membrane penetration. At the same time, our simulations of small membrane-inserted arcs of GSDMA3 suggest that the inserting oligomer can be small and does not have to comprise a full ring of approximately 26-30 subunits. Moreover, our simulations have revealed an astonishingly large impact of salt-bridge formation and protein surroundings on the transmembrane passage of charged residues, reducing the energetic cost by up to 53% as compared to their free forms. The here observed free energy barrier of mere 5.6 kcal/mol for the membrane insertion of monomeric GSDMA3 explains the surprising ability of gasdermins to spontaneously self-insert into cellular membranes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Kristyna Pluhackova
- Stuttgart Center for Simulation Science, Cluster of Excellence EXC 2075, University of Stuttgart, Stuttgart, Germany
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13
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Eliasen AU, Pedersen CET, Rasmussen MA, Wang N, Soverini M, Fritz A, Stokholm J, Chawes BL, Morin A, Bork-Jensen J, Grarup N, Pedersen O, Hansen T, Linneberg A, Mortensen PB, Hougaard DM, Bybjerg-Grauholm J, Bækvad-Hansen M, Mors O, Nordentoft M, Børglum AD, Werge T, Agerbo E, Söderhall C, Altman MC, Thysen AH, McKennan CG, Brix S, Gern JE, Ober C, Ahluwalia TS, Bisgaard H, Pedersen AG, Bønnelykke K. Genome-wide study of early and severe childhood asthma identifies interaction between CDHR3 and GSDMB. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2022; 150:622-630. [PMID: 35381269 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2022.03.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2021] [Revised: 03/11/2022] [Accepted: 03/18/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Asthma with severe exacerbation is one of the most common causes of hospitalization among young children. Exacerbations are typically triggered by respiratory infections, but the host factors causing recurrent infections and exacerbations in some children are poorly understood. As a result, current treatment options and preventive measures are inadequate. OBJECTIVE We sought to identify genetic interaction associated with the development of childhood asthma. METHODS We performed an exhaustive search for pairwise interaction between genetic single nucleotide polymorphisms using 1204 cases of a specific phenotype of early childhood asthma with severe exacerbations in patients aged 2 to 6 years combined with 5328 nonasthmatic controls. Replication was attempted in 3 independent populations, and potential underlying immune mechanisms were investigated in the COPSAC2010 and COPSAC2000 birth cohorts. RESULTS We found evidence of interaction, including replication in independent populations, between the known childhood asthma loci CDHR3 and GSDMB. The effect of CDHR3 was dependent on the GSDMB genotype, and this interaction was more pronounced for severe and early onset of disease. Blood immune analyses suggested a mechanism related to increased IL-17A production after viral stimulation. CONCLUSIONS We found evidence of interaction between CDHR3 and GSDMB in development of early childhood asthma, possibly related to increased IL-17A response to viral infections. This study demonstrates the importance of focusing on specific disease subtypes for understanding the genetic mechanisms of asthma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anders U Eliasen
- Copenhagen Prospective Studies on Asthma in Childhood (COPSAC), Herlev and Gentofte Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark; Department of Health Technology, Section for Bioinformatics, Technical University of Denmark, Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Casper Emil T Pedersen
- Copenhagen Prospective Studies on Asthma in Childhood (COPSAC), Herlev and Gentofte Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Morten A Rasmussen
- Copenhagen Prospective Studies on Asthma in Childhood (COPSAC), Herlev and Gentofte Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark; Department of Food Science, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Ni Wang
- Copenhagen Prospective Studies on Asthma in Childhood (COPSAC), Herlev and Gentofte Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Matteo Soverini
- Copenhagen Prospective Studies on Asthma in Childhood (COPSAC), Herlev and Gentofte Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Amelie Fritz
- Copenhagen Prospective Studies on Asthma in Childhood (COPSAC), Herlev and Gentofte Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark; Department of Health Technology, Section for Bioinformatics, Technical University of Denmark, Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Jakob Stokholm
- Copenhagen Prospective Studies on Asthma in Childhood (COPSAC), Herlev and Gentofte Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Bo L Chawes
- Copenhagen Prospective Studies on Asthma in Childhood (COPSAC), Herlev and Gentofte Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Andréanne Morin
- Department of Human Genetics, University of Chicago, Chicago, Ill
| | - Jette Bork-Jensen
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Niels Grarup
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Oluf Pedersen
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Torben Hansen
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Allan Linneberg
- Center for Clinical Research and Prevention, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospital, The Capital Region, Copenhagen, Denmark; Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Preben B Mortensen
- iPSYCH, The Lundbeck Foundation Initiative for Integrated Psychiatric Research, Aarhus, Denmark; National Center for Register-Based Research (NCRR), Business and Social Sciences, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark; Center for Integrated Register-Based Research (CIRRAU), Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - David M Hougaard
- iPSYCH, The Lundbeck Foundation Initiative for Integrated Psychiatric Research, Aarhus, Denmark; Department for Congenital Disorders, Statens Serum Institut (SSI), Copenhagen, Denmark; Den Neonatale Screenings Biobank, SSI, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Jonas Bybjerg-Grauholm
- iPSYCH, The Lundbeck Foundation Initiative for Integrated Psychiatric Research, Aarhus, Denmark; Den Neonatale Screenings Biobank, SSI, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Marie Bækvad-Hansen
- iPSYCH, The Lundbeck Foundation Initiative for Integrated Psychiatric Research, Aarhus, Denmark; Department for Congenital Disorders, Statens Serum Institut (SSI), Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Ole Mors
- iPSYCH, The Lundbeck Foundation Initiative for Integrated Psychiatric Research, Aarhus, Denmark; Psychosis Research Unit, Aarhus University Hospital-Psychiatry, Risskov, Denmark
| | - Merete Nordentoft
- Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark; iPSYCH, The Lundbeck Foundation Initiative for Integrated Psychiatric Research, Aarhus, Denmark; Mental Health Center Copenhagen, Capital Region of Denmark, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Anders D Børglum
- Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark; iPSYCH, The Lundbeck Foundation Initiative for Integrated Psychiatric Research, Aarhus, Denmark; Center for Integrative Sequencing, Department of Biomedicine and iSEQ, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Thomas Werge
- iPSYCH, The Lundbeck Foundation Initiative for Integrated Psychiatric Research, Aarhus, Denmark; Institute of Biological Psychiatry, Copenhagen Mental Health Services, Copenhagen, Denmark; Institute of Clinical Medicine and GLOBE Institute, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Esben Agerbo
- iPSYCH, The Lundbeck Foundation Initiative for Integrated Psychiatric Research, Aarhus, Denmark; National Center for Register-Based Research (NCRR), Business and Social Sciences, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark; Center for Integrated Register-Based Research (CIRRAU), Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Cilla Söderhall
- Department of Women's and Children's Health, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Wash
| | - Matthew C Altman
- Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Sweden
| | - Anna H Thysen
- Copenhagen Prospective Studies on Asthma in Childhood (COPSAC), Herlev and Gentofte Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark; Department of Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Technical University of Denmark, Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Chris G McKennan
- Department of Statistics, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pa
| | - Susanne Brix
- Department of Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Technical University of Denmark, Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
| | - James E Gern
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wis
| | - Carole Ober
- Department of Human Genetics, University of Chicago, Chicago, Ill
| | - Tarunveer S Ahluwalia
- Steno Diabetes Center Copenhagen, Gentofte, Denmark; Bioinformatics Center, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Hans Bisgaard
- Copenhagen Prospective Studies on Asthma in Childhood (COPSAC), Herlev and Gentofte Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Anders G Pedersen
- Department of Health Technology, Section for Bioinformatics, Technical University of Denmark, Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Klaus Bønnelykke
- Copenhagen Prospective Studies on Asthma in Childhood (COPSAC), Herlev and Gentofte Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.
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Magnani L, Colantuoni M, Mortellaro A. Gasdermins: New Therapeutic Targets in Host Defense, Inflammatory Diseases, and Cancer. Front Immunol 2022; 13:898298. [PMID: 35844522 PMCID: PMC9285118 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.898298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2022] [Accepted: 06/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Gasdermins (GSDMs) are a class of pore-forming proteins related to pyroptosis, a programmed cell death pathway that is induced by a range of inflammatory stimuli. Small-scale GSDM activation and pore formation allow the passive release of cytokines, such as IL-1β and IL-18, and alarmins, but, whenever numerous GSDM pores are assembled, osmotic lysis and cell death occur. Such GSDM-mediated pyroptosis promotes pathogen clearance and can help restore homeostasis, but recent studies have revealed that dysregulated pyroptosis is at the root of many inflammation-mediated disease conditions. Moreover, new homeostatic functions for gasdermins are beginning to be revealed. Here, we review the newly discovered mechanisms of GSDM activation and their prominent roles in host defense and human diseases associated with chronic inflammation. We also highlight the potential of targeting GSDMs as a new therapeutic approach to combat chronic inflammatory diseases and cancer and how we might overcome the current obstacles to realize this potential.
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15
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Díaz-Perales A, Escribese MM, Garrido-Arandia M, Obeso D, Izquierdo-Alvarez E, Tome-Amat J, Barber D. The Role of Sphingolipids in Allergic Disorders. FRONTIERS IN ALLERGY 2022; 2:675557. [PMID: 35386967 PMCID: PMC8974723 DOI: 10.3389/falgy.2021.675557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2021] [Accepted: 05/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Allergy is defined as a complex chronic inflammatory condition in which genetic and environmental factors are implicated. Sphingolipids are involved in multiple biological functions, from cell membrane components to critical signaling molecules. To date, sphingolipids have been studied in different human pathologies such as neurological disorders, cancer, autoimmunity, and infections. Sphingolipid metabolites, in particular, ceramide and sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P), regulate a diverse range of cellular processes that are important in immunity and inflammation. Moreover, variations in the sphingolipid concentrations have been strongly associated with allergic diseases. This review will focus on the role of sphingolipids in the development of allergic sensitization and allergic inflammation through the activation of immune cells resident in tissues, as well as their role in barrier remodeling and anaphylaxis. The knowledge gained in this emerging field will help to develop new therapeutic options for allergic disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Araceli Díaz-Perales
- Centro de Biotecnología y Genómica de Plantas (CBGP), Universidad Politécnica de Madrid (UPM), Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria (INIA), Madrid, Spain
| | - Maria M Escribese
- Basic Medical Sciences Department, Facultad de Medicina, Instituto de Medicina Molecular Aplicada (IMMA), Universidad San Pablo CEU, CEU Universities, Madrid, Spain
| | - María Garrido-Arandia
- Centro de Biotecnología y Genómica de Plantas (CBGP), Universidad Politécnica de Madrid (UPM), Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria (INIA), Madrid, Spain
| | - David Obeso
- Centro de Excelencia en Metabolómica y Bioanálisis (CEMBIO), Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad San Pablo CEU, CEU Universities, Madrid, Spain
| | - Elena Izquierdo-Alvarez
- Basic Medical Sciences Department, Facultad de Medicina, Instituto de Medicina Molecular Aplicada (IMMA), Universidad San Pablo CEU, CEU Universities, Madrid, Spain
| | - Jaime Tome-Amat
- Centro de Biotecnología y Genómica de Plantas (CBGP), Universidad Politécnica de Madrid (UPM), Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria (INIA), Madrid, Spain
| | - Domingo Barber
- Basic Medical Sciences Department, Facultad de Medicina, Instituto de Medicina Molecular Aplicada (IMMA), Universidad San Pablo CEU, CEU Universities, Madrid, Spain
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16
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Laubhahn K, Böck A, Zeber K, Unterschemmann S, Kunze S, Schedel M, Schaub B. 17q12-21 risk-variants influence cord blood immune regulation and multitrigger-wheeze. Pediatr Allergy Immunol 2022; 33:e13721. [PMID: 34919286 DOI: 10.1111/pai.13721] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2021] [Revised: 12/09/2021] [Accepted: 12/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Childhood wheeze represents a first symptom of asthma. Early identification of children at risk for wheeze related to 17q12-21 variants and their underlying immunological mechanisms remain unknown. We aimed to assess the influence of 17q12-21 variants and mRNA expression at birth on the development of wheeze. METHODS Children were classified as multitrigger/viral/no wheeze until six years of age. The PAULINA/PAULCHEN birth cohorts were genotyped (n = 216; GSA-chip). mRNA expression of 17q21 and innate/adaptive genes was measured (qRT-PCR) in cord blood mononuclear cells. Expression quantitative trait loci (eQTL) and mediation analyses were performed. Genetic variation of 17q12-21 asthma-single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) was summarized as the first principal component (PC1) and used to classify single SNP effects on gene expression as (locus)-dependent/independent eQTL SNPs. RESULTS Core region risk variants (IKZF3, ZPBP2, GSDMB, ORMDL3) were associated with multitrigger wheeze (OR: 3.05-5.43) and were locus-dependent eQTL SNPs with higher GSDMA, TLR2, TLR5, and lower TGFB1 expression. Increased risk of multitrigger wheeze with rs9303277 was in part mediated by TLR2 expression. Risk variants distal to the core region were mainly locus-independent eQTL SNPs with decreased CD209, CD86, TRAF6, RORA, and IL-9 expression. Distinct immune signatures in cord blood were associated either with multitrigger wheeze (increased innate genes, e.g., TLR2, IPS1, LY75) or viral wheeze (decreased NF-κB genes, e.g., TNFAIP3 and TNIP2). CONCLUSION Locus-dependent eQTL SNPs (core region) associated with increased inflammatory genes (primarily TLR2) at birth and subsequent multitrigger wheeze indicate that early priming and imbalance may be crucial for asthma pathophysiology. Locus-independent eQTL SNPs (mainly distal region, rs1007654) may be involved in the initiation of dendritic cell activation/maturation (TRAF6) and interaction with T cells (CD209, CD86). Identifying potential mechanistic pathways at birth may point to critical key points during early immune development predisposing to asthma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristina Laubhahn
- Pediatric Allergology, Department of Pediatrics, Dr. von Hauner Children's Hospital, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany.,Comprehensive Pneumology Center Munich (CPC-M), Member of the German Center for Lung Research - DZL, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Andreas Böck
- Pediatric Allergology, Department of Pediatrics, Dr. von Hauner Children's Hospital, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany.,Member of the CHildhood Allergy and tolerance consortium (CHAMP), LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Kathrin Zeber
- Pediatric Allergology, Department of Pediatrics, Dr. von Hauner Children's Hospital, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany.,Member of the CHildhood Allergy and tolerance consortium (CHAMP), LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Sandra Unterschemmann
- Pediatric Allergology, Department of Pediatrics, Dr. von Hauner Children's Hospital, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Sonja Kunze
- Research Unit of Molecular Epidemiology, Helmholtz Center Munich, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany.,Institute of Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Michaela Schedel
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, University Medical Center Essen-Ruhrlandklinik, Essen, Germany.,Department of Pulmonary Medicine, University Medicine Essen-University Hospital, Essen, Germany
| | - Bianca Schaub
- Pediatric Allergology, Department of Pediatrics, Dr. von Hauner Children's Hospital, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany.,Comprehensive Pneumology Center Munich (CPC-M), Member of the German Center for Lung Research - DZL, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany.,Member of the CHildhood Allergy and tolerance consortium (CHAMP), LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
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17
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Worgall TS. Sphingolipids and Asthma. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2022; 1372:145-155. [DOI: 10.1007/978-981-19-0394-6_10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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18
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Pathinayake PS, Waters DW, Nichol KS, Brown AC, Reid AT, Hsu ACY, Horvat JC, Wood LG, Baines KJ, Simpson JL, Gibson PG, Hansbro PM, Wark PAB. Endoplasmic reticulum-unfolded protein response signalling is altered in severe eosinophilic and neutrophilic asthma. Thorax 2021; 77:443-451. [PMID: 34510013 DOI: 10.1136/thoraxjnl-2020-215979] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2020] [Accepted: 07/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The significance of endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress in asthma is unclear. Here, we demonstrate that ER stress and the unfolded protein response (UPR) are related to disease severity and inflammatory phenotype. METHODS Induced sputum (n=47), bronchial lavage (n=23) and endobronchial biopsies (n=40) were collected from participants with asthma with varying disease severity, inflammatory phenotypes and from healthy controls. Markers for ER stress and UPR were assessed. These markers were also assessed in established eosinophilic and neutrophilic murine models of asthma. RESULTS Our results demonstrate increased ER stress and UPR pathways in asthma and these are related to clinical severity and inflammatory phenotypes. Genes associated with ER protein chaperone (BiP, CANX, CALR), ER-associated protein degradation (EDEM1, DERL1) and ER stress-induced apoptosis (DDIT3, PPP1R15A) were dysregulated in participants with asthma and are associated with impaired lung function (forced expiratory volume in 1 s) and active eosinophilic and neutrophilic inflammation. ER stress genes also displayed a significant correlation with classic Th2 (interleukin-4, IL-4/13) genes, Th17 (IL-17F/CXCL1) genes, proinflammatory (IL-1b, tumour necrosis factor α, IL-8) genes and inflammasome activation (NLRP3) in sputum from asthmatic participants. Mice with allergic airway disease (AAD) and severe steroid insensitive AAD also showed increased ER stress signalling in their lungs. CONCLUSION Heightened ER stress is associated with severe eosinophilic and neutrophilic inflammation in asthma and may play a crucial role in the pathogenesis of asthma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prabuddha S Pathinayake
- Priority Research Centre for Healthy Lungs, Hunter Medical Research Institute and School of Medicine and Public Health, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, New South Wales, Australia
| | - David W Waters
- Priority Research Centre for Healthy Lungs, Hunter Medical Research Institute and School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Kristy S Nichol
- Priority Research Centre for Healthy Lungs, Hunter Medical Research Institute and School of Medicine and Public Health, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Alexandra C Brown
- Priority Research Centre for Healthy Lungs, Hunter Medical Research Institute and School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Andrew T Reid
- Priority Research Centre for Healthy Lungs, Hunter Medical Research Institute and School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Alan Chen-Yu Hsu
- Priority Research Centre for Healthy Lungs, Hunter Medical Research Institute and School of Medicine and Public Health, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Jay C Horvat
- Priority Research Centre for Healthy Lungs, Hunter Medical Research Institute and School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Lisa G Wood
- Priority Research Centre for Healthy Lungs, Hunter Medical Research Institute and School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Katherine J Baines
- Priority Research Centre for Healthy Lungs, Hunter Medical Research Institute and School of Medicine and Public Health, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Jodie L Simpson
- Priority Research Centre for Healthy Lungs, Hunter Medical Research Institute and School of Medicine and Public Health, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, New South Wales, Australia.,Department of Respiratory and Sleep Medicine, John Hunter Hospital, New Lambton Heights, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Peter G Gibson
- Priority Research Centre for Healthy Lungs, Hunter Medical Research Institute and School of Medicine and Public Health, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, New South Wales, Australia.,Department of Respiratory and Sleep Medicine, John Hunter Hospital, New Lambton Heights, New South Wales, Australia.,NHMRC Centre for Clinical Research Excellence in Severe Asthma, New Lambton Heights, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Philip M Hansbro
- Priority Research Centre for Healthy Lungs, Hunter Medical Research Institute and School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, New South Wales, Australia.,Centre for Inflammation, Centenary Institute, and Faculty of Science, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Peter A B Wark
- Priority Research Centre for Healthy Lungs, Hunter Medical Research Institute and School of Medicine and Public Health, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, New South Wales, Australia .,Department of Respiratory and Sleep Medicine, John Hunter Hospital, New Lambton Heights, New South Wales, Australia.,NHMRC Centre for Clinical Research Excellence in Severe Asthma, New Lambton Heights, New South Wales, Australia
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19
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Wang N, Brix S, Larsen JM, Thysen AH, Rasmussen MA, Workman CT, Stokholm J, Bønnelykke K, Bisgaard H, Chawes BL. Innate IL-23/Type 17 immune responses mediate the effect of the 17q21 locus on childhood asthma. Clin Exp Allergy 2021; 51:892-901. [PMID: 33987892 DOI: 10.1111/cea.13900] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2020] [Revised: 04/16/2021] [Accepted: 04/22/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Several childhood asthma risk loci that relate to immune function have been identified by genome-wide association studies (GWAS), but the underlying mechanisms remain unknown. OBJECTIVE Here, we examined whether perturbed innate immune responses mediate the association between known genetic risk variants and development of childhood asthma. METHODS Peripheral blood mononuclear cells from 336 six-month-old infants from the Copenhagen Prospective Studies on Asthma in Childhood (COPSAC2000 ) cohort were stimulated in vitro with six different innate ligands (LPS, CpG, poly(I:C), R848, HDMAPP and aluminium hydroxide together with low levels of LPS) followed by quantification of 18 released cytokines and chemokines 40 h after the stimulations. The innate immune response profiles were decomposed by principal component (PC) analysis, and PC1-5 were used in mediation analyses of the effect of 25 known genetic risk variants on childhood asthma until age 7. RESULTS The effects of two variants from the 17q21 locus (rs7216389, rs2305480) on asthma and exacerbation risk were significantly mediated by immune parameters induced in response to ligands mimicking intracellular colonization; bacterial DNA (CpG) and double-stranded viral RNA (poly(I:C)). The Th17 and innate lymphoid cell type 3-amplifying cytokine IL-23 was the most prominent cytokine involved. CONCLUSION The 17q21 effect on childhood asthma and exacerbations was partly mediated by deregulation of IL-23 in response to intracellular microbial ligands, which may suggest ineffective clearance of intracellular pathogens in the lungs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ni Wang
- COPSAC, Copenhagen Prospective Studies on Asthma in Childhood, Herlev and Gentofte Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Gentofte, Denmark.,Department of Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Technical University of Denmark, Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Susanne Brix
- Department of Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Technical University of Denmark, Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Jeppe M Larsen
- Department of Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Technical University of Denmark, Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Anna H Thysen
- COPSAC, Copenhagen Prospective Studies on Asthma in Childhood, Herlev and Gentofte Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Gentofte, Denmark.,Department of Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Technical University of Denmark, Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Morten A Rasmussen
- COPSAC, Copenhagen Prospective Studies on Asthma in Childhood, Herlev and Gentofte Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Gentofte, Denmark.,Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg, Denmark
| | - Christopher T Workman
- Department of Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Technical University of Denmark, Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Jakob Stokholm
- COPSAC, Copenhagen Prospective Studies on Asthma in Childhood, Herlev and Gentofte Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Gentofte, Denmark
| | - Klaus Bønnelykke
- COPSAC, Copenhagen Prospective Studies on Asthma in Childhood, Herlev and Gentofte Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Gentofte, Denmark
| | - Hans Bisgaard
- COPSAC, Copenhagen Prospective Studies on Asthma in Childhood, Herlev and Gentofte Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Gentofte, Denmark
| | - Bo L Chawes
- COPSAC, Copenhagen Prospective Studies on Asthma in Childhood, Herlev and Gentofte Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Gentofte, Denmark
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20
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James BN, Oyeniran C, Sturgill JL, Newton J, Martin RK, Bieberich E, Weigel C, Maczis MA, Palladino END, Lownik JC, Trudeau JB, Cook-Mills JM, Wenzel S, Milstien S, Spiegel S. Ceramide in apoptosis and oxidative stress in allergic inflammation and asthma. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2021; 147:1936-1948.e9. [PMID: 33130063 PMCID: PMC8081742 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2020.10.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2019] [Revised: 09/29/2020] [Accepted: 10/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Nothing is known about the mechanisms by which increased ceramide levels in the lung contribute to allergic responses and asthma severity. OBJECTIVE We sought to investigate the functional role of ceramide in mouse models of allergic airway disease that recapitulate the cardinal clinical features of human allergic asthma. METHODS Allergic airway disease was induced in mice by repeated intranasal administration of house dust mite or the fungal allergen Alternaria alternata. Processes that can be regulated by ceramide and are important for severity of allergic asthma were correlated with ceramide levels measured by mass spectrometry. RESULTS Both allergens induced massive pulmonary apoptosis and also significantly increased reactive oxygen species in the lung. Prevention of increases in lung ceramide levels mitigated allergen-induced apoptosis, reactive oxygen species, and neutrophil infiltration. In contrast, dietary supplementation of the antioxidant α-tocopherol decreased reactive oxygen species but had no significant effects on elevation of ceramide level or apoptosis, indicating that the increases in lung ceramide levels in allergen-challenged mice are not mediated by oxidative stress. Moreover, specific ceramide species were altered in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid from patients with severe asthma compared with in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid from individuals without asthma. CONCLUSION Our data suggest that elevation of ceramide level after allergen challenge contributes to the apoptosis, reactive oxygen species generation, and neutrophilic infiltrate that characterize the severe asthmatic phenotype. Ceramide might be the trigger of formation of Creola bodies found in the sputum of patients with severe asthma and could be a biomarker to optimize diagnosis and to monitor and improve clinical outcomes in this disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Briana N James
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine, Richmond, Va
| | - Clement Oyeniran
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine, Richmond, Va
| | - Jamie L Sturgill
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, University of Kentucky College of Medicine, Lexington, Ky
| | - Jason Newton
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine, Richmond, Va
| | - Rebecca K Martin
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine, Richmond, Va
| | - Erhard Bieberich
- Department of Physiology, University of Kentucky College of Medicine, Lexington, Ky
| | - Cynthia Weigel
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine, Richmond, Va
| | - Melissa A Maczis
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine, Richmond, Va
| | - Elisa N D Palladino
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine, Richmond, Va
| | - Joseph C Lownik
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine, Richmond, Va
| | - John B Trudeau
- Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pa
| | - Joan M Cook-Mills
- Department of Pediatrics, Herman B. Wells Center for Pediatric Research, Indiana School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Ind
| | - Sally Wenzel
- Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pa
| | - Sheldon Milstien
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine, Richmond, Va
| | - Sarah Spiegel
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine, Richmond, Va.
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21
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Green CD, Weigel C, Oyeniran C, James BN, Davis D, Mahawar U, Newton J, Wattenberg BW, Maceyka M, Spiegel S. CRISPR/Cas9 deletion of ORMDLs reveals complexity in sphingolipid metabolism. J Lipid Res 2021; 62:100082. [PMID: 33939982 PMCID: PMC8167824 DOI: 10.1016/j.jlr.2021.100082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2021] [Accepted: 04/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The serine palmitoyltransferase (SPT) complex catalyzes the rate-limiting step in the de novo biosynthesis of ceramides, the precursors of sphingolipids. The mammalian ORMDL isoforms (ORMDL1-3) are negative regulators of SPT. However, the roles of individual ORMDL isoforms are unclear. Using siRNA against individual ORMDLs, only single siORMDL3 had modest effects on dihydroceramide and ceramide levels, whereas downregulation of all three ORMDLs induced more pronounced increases. With the CRISPR/Cas9-based genome-editing strategy, we established stable single ORMDL3 KO (ORMDL3-KO) and ORMDL1/2/3 triple-KO (ORMDL-TKO) cell lines to further understand the roles of ORMDL proteins in sphingolipid biosynthesis. While ORMDL3-KO modestly increased dihydroceramide and ceramide levels, ORMDL-TKO cells had dramatic increases in the accumulation of these sphingolipid precursors. SPT activity was increased only in ORMDL-TKO cells. In addition, ORMDL-TKO but not ORMDL3-KO dramatically increased levels of galactosylceramides, glucosylceramides, and lactosylceramides, the elevated N-acyl chain distributions of which broadly correlated with the increases in ceramide species. Surprisingly, although C16:0 is the major sphingomyelin species, it was only increased in ORMDL3-KO, whereas all other N-acyl chain sphingomyelin species were significantly increased in ORMDL-TKO cells. Analysis of sphingoid bases revealed that although sphingosine was only increased 2-fold in ORMDL-TKO cells, levels of dihydrosphingosine, dihydrosphingosine-1-phosphate, and sphingosine-1-phosphate were hugely increased in ORMDL-TKO cells and not in ORMDL3-KO cells. Thus, ORMDL proteins may have a complex, multifaceted role in the biosynthesis and regulation of cellular sphingolipids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher D Green
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, VCU School of Medicine, Richmond, VA, USA
| | - Cynthia Weigel
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, VCU School of Medicine, Richmond, VA, USA
| | - Clement Oyeniran
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, VCU School of Medicine, Richmond, VA, USA
| | - Briana N James
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, VCU School of Medicine, Richmond, VA, USA
| | - Deanna Davis
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, VCU School of Medicine, Richmond, VA, USA
| | - Usha Mahawar
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, VCU School of Medicine, Richmond, VA, USA
| | - Jason Newton
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, VCU School of Medicine, Richmond, VA, USA
| | - Binks W Wattenberg
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, VCU School of Medicine, Richmond, VA, USA
| | - Michael Maceyka
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, VCU School of Medicine, Richmond, VA, USA
| | - Sarah Spiegel
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, VCU School of Medicine, Richmond, VA, USA.
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22
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Next Generation Exome Sequencing of Pediatric Asthma Identifies Rare and Novel Variants in Candidate Genes. DISEASE MARKERS 2021; 2021:8884229. [PMID: 33628342 PMCID: PMC7888305 DOI: 10.1155/2021/8884229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2020] [Revised: 01/21/2021] [Accepted: 02/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Multiple genes have been implicated to have a role in asthma predisposition by association studies. Pediatric patients often manifest a more extensive form of this disease and a particularly severe disease course. It is likely that genetic predisposition could play a more substantial role in this group. This study is aimed at identifying the spectrum of rare and novel variation in known pediatric asthma susceptibility genes using whole exome sequencing analysis in nine individual cases of childhood onset allergic asthma. DNA samples from the nine children with a history of bronchial asthma diagnosis underwent whole exome sequencing on Ion Proton. For each patient, the entire complement of rare variation within strongly associated candidate genes was catalogued. The analysis showed 21 variants in the subjects, 13 had been previously identified, and 8 were novel. Also, among of which, nineteen were nonsynonymous and 2 were nonsense. With regard to the novel variants, the 2 nonsynonymous variants in the PRKG1 gene (PRKG1: p.C519W and PRKG1: p.G520W) were presented in 4 cases, and a nonsynonymous variant in the MAVS gene (MAVS: p.A45V) was identified in 3 cases. The variants we found in this study will enrich the variant spectrum and build up the database in the Saudi population. Novel eight variants were identified in the study which provides more evidence in the genetic susceptibility in asthma among Saudi children, providing a genetic screening map for the molecular genetic determinants of allergic disease in Saudi children, with the goal of reducing the impact of chronic diseases on the health and the economy. We believe that the advanced specified statistical filtration/annotation programs used in this study succeeded to release such results in a preliminary study, exploring the genetic map of that disease in Saudi children.
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23
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Luthers CR, Dunn TM, Snow AL. ORMDL3 and Asthma: Linking Sphingolipid Regulation to Altered T Cell Function. Front Immunol 2020; 11:597945. [PMID: 33424845 PMCID: PMC7793773 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.597945] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2020] [Accepted: 11/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Orosomucoid like 3 (ORMDL3) encodes an ER-resident transmembrane protein that regulates the activity of serine palmitoyltransferase (SPT), the first and rate-limiting enzyme for sphingolipid biosynthesis in cells. A decade ago, several genome wide association studies revealed single nucleotide polymorphisms associated with increased ORMDL3 protein expression and susceptibility to allergic asthma. Since that time, numerous studies have investigated how altered ORMDL3 expression might predispose to asthma and other autoimmune/inflammatory diseases. In this brief review, we focus on growing evidence suggesting that heightened ORMDL3 expression specifically in CD4+ T lymphocytes, the central orchestrators of adaptive immunity, constitutes a major underlying mechanism of asthma pathogenesis by skewing their differentiation and function. Furthermore, we explore how sphingolipid modulation in T cells might be responsible for these effects, and how further studies may interrogate this intriguing hypothesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher R Luthers
- Department of Pharmacology and Molecular Therapeutics, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Teresa M Dunn
- Department of Pharmacology and Molecular Therapeutics, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD, United States.,Department of Biochemistry, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Andrew L Snow
- Department of Pharmacology and Molecular Therapeutics, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD, United States
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24
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Ono JG, Kim BI, Zhao Y, Christos PJ, Tesfaigzi Y, Worgall TS, Worgall S. Decreased sphingolipid synthesis in children with 17q21 asthma-risk genotypes. J Clin Invest 2020; 130:921-926. [PMID: 31929190 DOI: 10.1172/jci130860] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2019] [Accepted: 10/31/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Risk for childhood asthma is conferred by alleles within the 17q21 locus affecting ORMDL sphingolipid biosynthesis regulator 3 (ORMDL3) expression. ORMDL3 inhibits sphingolipid de novo synthesis. Although the effects of 17q21 genotypes on sphingolipid synthesis in human asthma remain unclear, both decreased sphingolipid synthesis and ORMDL3 overexpression are linked to airway hyperreactivity. To characterize the relationship of genetic asthma susceptibility with sphingolipid synthesis, we analyzed asthma-associated 17q21 genotypes (rs7216389, rs8076131, rs4065275, rs12603332, and rs8067378) in both children with asthma and those without asthma, quantified plasma and whole-blood sphingolipids, and assessed sphingolipid de novo synthesis in peripheral blood cells by measuring the incorporation of stable isotope-labeled serine (substrate) into sphinganine and sphinganine-1-phosphate. Whole-blood dihydroceramides and ceramides were decreased in subjects with the 17q21 asthma-risk alleles rs7216389 and rs8076131. Children with nonallergic asthma had lower dihydroceramides, ceramides, and sphingomyelins than did controls. Children with allergic asthma had higher dihydroceramides, ceramides, and sphingomyelins compared with children with nonallergic asthma. Additionally, de novo sphingolipid synthesis was lower in children with asthma compared with controls. These findings connect genetic 17q21 variations that are associated with asthma risk and higher ORMDL3 expression to lower sphingolipid synthesis in humans. Altered sphingolipid synthesis may therefore be a critical factor in asthma pathogenesis and may guide the development of future therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennie G Ono
- Department of Pediatrics, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York, USA
| | - Benjamin I Kim
- Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Columbia University, New York, New York, USA
| | - Yize Zhao
- Department of Biostatistics, Yale School of Public Health, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Paul J Christos
- Department of Healthcare Policy and Research, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York, USA
| | - Yohannes Tesfaigzi
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Tilla S Worgall
- Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Columbia University, New York, New York, USA
| | - Stefan Worgall
- Department of Pediatrics, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York, USA.,Department of Genetic Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York, USA
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25
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Gasdermin family: a promising therapeutic target for cancers and inflammation-driven diseases. J Cell Commun Signal 2020; 14:293-301. [PMID: 32236886 DOI: 10.1007/s12079-020-00564-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2019] [Accepted: 03/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
This review focuses on current advances in researches of gasdermin family. The distinctive expression patterns and biological roles of members in this family were discussed. Most of them exhibit pore-forming activity on cell membranes and are executors for programmed cell death with cytokines release, and play roles in cancers and inflammation-driven diseases. Therefore, they can be used as potential therapeutic targets to treat related diseases.
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26
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Jirmo AC, Busse M, Happle C, Skuljec J, Dalüge K, Habener A, Grychtol R, DeLuca DS, Breiholz OD, Prinz I, Hansen G. IL-17 regulates DC migration to the peribronchial LNs and allergen presentation in experimental allergic asthma. Eur J Immunol 2020; 50:1019-1033. [PMID: 32142593 DOI: 10.1002/eji.201948409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2019] [Revised: 01/30/2020] [Accepted: 03/05/2020] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
IL-17 is associated with different phenotypes of asthma, however, it is not fully elucidated how it influences induction and maintenance of asthma and allergy. In order to determine the role of IL-17 in development of allergic asthma, we used IL-17A/F double KO (IL-17A/F KO) and WT mice with or without neutralization of IL-17 in an experimental allergic asthma model and analyzed airway hyperresponsiveness, lung inflammation, T helper cell polarization, and DCs influx and activation. We report that the absence of IL-17 reduced influx of DCs into lungs and lung draining LNs. Compared to WT mice, IL-17A/F KO mice or WT mice after neutralization of IL-17A showed reduced airway hyperresponsiveness, eosinophilia, mucus hypersecretion, and IgE levels. DCs from draining LNs of allergen-challenged IL-17A/F KO mice showed a reduction in expression of migratory and costimulatory molecules CCR7, CCR2, MHC-II, and CD40 compared to WT DCs. Moreover, in vivo stimulation of adoptively transferred antigen-specific cells was attenuated in lung-draining LNs in the absence of IL-17. Thus, we report that IL-17 enhances airway DC activation, migration, and function. Consequently, lack of IL-17 leads to reduced antigen-specific T cell priming and impaired development of experimental allergic asthma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adan Chari Jirmo
- Department of Pediatric Pneumology, Allergology and Neonatology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany.,Biomedical Research in Endstage and Obstructive Lung Disease Hannover (BREATH), Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Hannover, Germany
| | - Mandy Busse
- Experimental Obstetrics and Gynecology, Medical Faculty, Otto-von-Guericke University, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Christine Happle
- Department of Pediatric Pneumology, Allergology and Neonatology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany.,Biomedical Research in Endstage and Obstructive Lung Disease Hannover (BREATH), Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Hannover, Germany
| | - Jelena Skuljec
- Department of Pediatric Pneumology, Allergology and Neonatology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany.,Biomedical Research in Endstage and Obstructive Lung Disease Hannover (BREATH), Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Hannover, Germany
| | - Kathleen Dalüge
- Department of Pediatric Pneumology, Allergology and Neonatology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Anika Habener
- Department of Pediatric Pneumology, Allergology and Neonatology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany.,Biomedical Research in Endstage and Obstructive Lung Disease Hannover (BREATH), Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Hannover, Germany
| | - Ruth Grychtol
- Department of Pediatric Pneumology, Allergology and Neonatology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany.,Biomedical Research in Endstage and Obstructive Lung Disease Hannover (BREATH), Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Hannover, Germany
| | - David S DeLuca
- Biomedical Research in Endstage and Obstructive Lung Disease Hannover (BREATH), Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Hannover, Germany
| | - Oliver D Breiholz
- Research Core Unit Genomics (RCUG), Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Immo Prinz
- Institute of Immunology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Gesine Hansen
- Department of Pediatric Pneumology, Allergology and Neonatology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany.,Biomedical Research in Endstage and Obstructive Lung Disease Hannover (BREATH), Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Hannover, Germany.,Excellence Cluster RESIST (EXC 2155), Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
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27
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Asthma exacerbations have been suggested to result from complex interactions between genetic and nongenetic components. In this review, we provide an overview of the genetic association studies of asthma exacerbations, their main results and limitations, as well as future directions of this field. RECENT FINDINGS Most studies on asthma exacerbations have been performed using a candidate-gene approach. Although few genome-wide association studies of asthma exacerbations have been conducted up to date, they have revealed promising associations but with small effect sizes. Additionally, the analysis of interactions between genetic and environmental factors has contributed to better understand of genotype-specific responses in asthma exacerbations. SUMMARY Genetic association studies have allowed identifying the 17q21 locus and the ADRB2 gene as the loci most consistently associated with asthma exacerbations. Future studies should explore the full spectrum of genetic variation and will require larger sample sizes, a better representation of racial/ethnic diversity and a more precise definition of asthma exacerbations. Additionally, the analysis of important environmental gene-environment analysis and the integration of multiple omics will allow understanding the genetic factors and biological processes underlying the risk for asthma exacerbations.
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28
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Role of early life immune regulation in asthma development. Semin Immunopathol 2019; 42:29-42. [PMID: 31873782 PMCID: PMC7079989 DOI: 10.1007/s00281-019-00774-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2019] [Accepted: 11/15/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Development of childhood asthma is complex with a strong interaction of genetic, epigenetic, and environmental factors. Ultimately, it is critical how the immune system of a child responds to these influences and whether effective strategies for a balanced and healthy immune maturation can be assured. Pregnancy and early childhood are particularly susceptible for exogenous influences due to the developing nature of a child’s immune system. While endogenous influences such as family history and the genetic background are immutable, epigenetic regulations can be modulated by both heredity and environmental exposures. Prenatal influences such as a mother’s nutrition, smoking, or infections influence the complex interplay of innate and adaptive immune regulation as well as peri- and postnatal influences including mode of delivery. Early in life, induction and continuous training of healthy maturation include balanced innate immunity (e.g., via innate lymphoid cells) and an equilibrium of T-cell subpopulations (e.g., via regulatory T cells) to counter-regulate potential pro-inflammatory or exuberant immune reactions. Later in childhood, rather compensatory immune mechanisms are required to modulate deviant regulation of a child’s already primed immune trajectory. The specific effects of exogenous and endogenous influences on a child’s maturing immune system are summarized in this review, and its importance and potential intervention for early prevention and treatment strategies are delineated.
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29
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H19 Increases IL-17A/IL-23 Releases via Regulating VDR by Interacting with miR675-5p/miR22-5p in Ankylosing Spondylitis. MOLECULAR THERAPY-NUCLEIC ACIDS 2019; 19:393-404. [PMID: 31887550 PMCID: PMC6938967 DOI: 10.1016/j.omtn.2019.11.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2019] [Revised: 11/03/2019] [Accepted: 11/22/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Long non-coding RNA (lncRNA) H19 is associated with inflammatory diseases, but the molecular mechanism of H19 in the inflammatory process of ankylosing spondylitis (AS) is unclear. Here, we investigated the role of H19 and its downstream molecules in the inflammation of AS by microarray analysis, qRT-PCR, western blot, and dual-luciferase reporter assay. H19 small interfering RNA (siRNA) (Si-H19) and adenovirus (AD-H19) were used to decrease and increase H19 expression, respectively. 42 annotated lncRNAs were identified, and H19 was overexpressed. H19, vitamin D receptor (VDR), and transforming growth factor β (TGF-β) can bind to microRNA22-5p (miR22-5p) and miR675-5p. Si-H19 significantly downregulated miR22-5p and upregulated miR675-5p expression; Si-H19 decreased the protein and mRNA expression of VDR and decreased the cytokine and mRNA levels of interleukin-17A (IL-17A) and IL-23. These results were verified by AD-H19. In addition, miR22-5p and miR675-5p inhibitors increased the protein and mRNA expression of VDR and increased the cytokine and mRNA levels of IL-17A and IL-23. These results were also confirmed by miRNA mimics. Furthermore, H19 directly interfered with miR22-5p and miR675-5p expression, whereas the two miRNAs directly inhibited VDR expression. Overall, the H19-miR22-5p/miR675-5p-VDR-IL-17A/IL-23 signaling pathways have important roles in the pathogenesis of AS.
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30
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Protein Misfolding and Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress in Chronic Lung Disease: Will Cell-Specific Targeting Be the Key to the Cure? Chest 2019; 157:1207-1220. [PMID: 31778676 DOI: 10.1016/j.chest.2019.11.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2019] [Revised: 11/07/2019] [Accepted: 11/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic lung disease accounts for a significant global burden with respect to death, disability, and health-care costs. Due to the heterogeneous nature and limited treatment options for these diseases, it is imperative that the cellular and molecular mechanisms underlying the disease pathophysiology are further understood. The lung is a complex organ with a diverse cell population, and each cell type will likely have different roles in disease initiation, progression, and resolution. The effectiveness of a given therapeutic agent may depend on the net effect on each of these cell types. Over the past decade, it has been established that endoplasmic reticulum stress and the unfolded protein response are involved in the development of several chronic lung diseases. These conserved cellular pathways are important for maintaining cellular proteostasis, but their aberrant activation can result in pathology. This review discusses the current understanding of endoplasmic reticulum stress and the unfolded protein response at the cellular level in the development and progression of various chronic lung diseases. We highlight the need for increased understanding of the specific cellular contributions of unfolded protein response activation to these pathologies and suggest that the development of cell-specific targeted therapies is likely required to further decrease disease progression and to promote resolution of chronic lung disease.
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31
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Kuruvilla ME, Lee FEH, Lee GB. Understanding Asthma Phenotypes, Endotypes, and Mechanisms of Disease. Clin Rev Allergy Immunol 2019; 56:219-233. [PMID: 30206782 DOI: 10.1007/s12016-018-8712-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 634] [Impact Index Per Article: 126.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The model of asthma as a single entity has now been replaced by a much more complex biological network of distinct and interrelating inflammatory pathways. The term asthma is now considered an umbrella diagnosis for several diseases with distinct mechanistic pathways (endotypes) and variable clinical presentations (phenotypes). The precise definition of these endotypes is central to asthma management due to inherent therapeutic and prognostic implications. This review presents the molecular mechanisms behind the heterogeneity of airway inflammation in asthmatic patients. Asthma endotypes may be broadly regarded as type 2 (T2) high or T2-low. Several biologic agents have been approved for T2-high asthma, with numerous other therapeutics that are incipient and similarly targeted at specific molecular mechanisms. Collectively, these advances have shifted existing paradigms in the approach to asthma to tailor novel therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Merin E Kuruvilla
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, Critical Care & Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, Emory University, 615 Michael St, NE Suite 205, Atlanta, 30322, GA, USA.,Division of Pulmonary, Allergy & Immunology, Cystic Fibrosis, and Sleep, Department of Pediatrics, Emory University, 2015 Uppergate Dr. NE, Suite 326, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA
| | - F Eun-Hyung Lee
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, Critical Care & Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, Emory University, 615 Michael St, NE Suite 205, Atlanta, 30322, GA, USA.,Lowance Center for Human Immunology, Emory University, 615 Michael Street, Atlanta, 30322, GA, USA
| | - Gerald B Lee
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, Critical Care & Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, Emory University, 615 Michael St, NE Suite 205, Atlanta, 30322, GA, USA. .,Division of Pulmonary, Allergy & Immunology, Cystic Fibrosis, and Sleep, Department of Pediatrics, Emory University, 2015 Uppergate Dr. NE, Suite 326, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA.
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32
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Debeuf N, Zhakupova A, Steiner R, Van Gassen S, Deswarte K, Fayazpour F, Van Moorleghem J, Vergote K, Pavie B, Lemeire K, Hammad H, Hornemann T, Janssens S, Lambrecht BN. The ORMDL3 asthma susceptibility gene regulates systemic ceramide levels without altering key asthma features in mice. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2019; 144:1648-1659.e9. [PMID: 31330218 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2019.06.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2019] [Revised: 06/27/2019] [Accepted: 06/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Genome-wide association studies in asthma have repeatedly identified single nucleotide polymorphisms in the ORM (yeast)-like protein isoform 3 (ORMDL3) gene across different populations. Although the ORM homologues in yeast are well-known inhibitors of sphingolipid synthesis, it is still unclear whether and how mammalian ORMDL3 regulates sphingolipid metabolism and whether altered sphingolipid synthesis would be causally related to asthma risk. OBJECTIVE We sought to examine the in vivo role of ORMDL3 in sphingolipid metabolism and allergic asthma. METHODS Ormdl3-LacZ reporter mice, gene-deficient Ormdl3-/- mice, and overexpressing Ormdl3Tg/wt mice were exposed to physiologically relevant aeroallergens, such as house dust mite (HDM) or Alternaria alternata, to induce experimental asthma. Mass spectrometry-based sphingolipidomics were performed, and airway eosinophilia, TH2 cytokine production, immunoglobulin synthesis, airway remodeling, and bronchial hyperreactivity were measured. RESULTS HDM challenge significantly increased levels of total sphingolipids in the lungs of HDM-sensitized mice compared with those in control mice. In Ormdl3Tg/wt mice the allergen-induced increase in lung ceramide levels was significantly reduced, whereas total sphingolipid levels were not affected. Conversely, in liver and serum, levels of total sphingolipids, including ceramides, were increased in Ormdl3-/- mice, whereas they were decreased in Ormdl3Tg/wt mice. This difference was independent of allergen exposure. Despite these changes, all features of asthma were identical between wild-type, Ormdl3Tg/wt, and Ormdl3-/- mice across several models of experimental asthma. CONCLUSION ORMDL3 regulates systemic ceramide levels, but genetically interfering with Ormdl3 expression does not result in altered experimental asthma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nincy Debeuf
- Laboratory of Mucosal Immunology and Immunoregulation, VIB Center for Inflammation Research, Ghent, Belgium; Department of Internal Medicine and Pediatrics, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Assem Zhakupova
- Institute of Clinical Chemistry, University and University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Regula Steiner
- Institute of Clinical Chemistry, University and University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Sofie Van Gassen
- Data Mining and Modeling for Biomedicine, VIB Center for Inflammation Research, Ghent, Belgium; Department of Applied Mathematics, Computer Science and Statistics, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Kim Deswarte
- Laboratory of Mucosal Immunology and Immunoregulation, VIB Center for Inflammation Research, Ghent, Belgium; Department of Internal Medicine and Pediatrics, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Farzaneh Fayazpour
- Department of Internal Medicine and Pediatrics, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium; Laboratory for ER Stress and Inflammation, VIB Center for Inflammation Research, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Justine Van Moorleghem
- Laboratory of Mucosal Immunology and Immunoregulation, VIB Center for Inflammation Research, Ghent, Belgium; Department of Internal Medicine and Pediatrics, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Karl Vergote
- Laboratory of Mucosal Immunology and Immunoregulation, VIB Center for Inflammation Research, Ghent, Belgium; Department of Internal Medicine and Pediatrics, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Benjamin Pavie
- VIB Bioimaging Core, VIB Center for Inflammation Research, Ghent, Belgium; Biomedical Molecular Biology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Kelly Lemeire
- Biomedical Molecular Biology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium; VIB Center for Inflammation Research, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Hamida Hammad
- Laboratory of Mucosal Immunology and Immunoregulation, VIB Center for Inflammation Research, Ghent, Belgium; Department of Internal Medicine and Pediatrics, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Thorsten Hornemann
- Institute of Clinical Chemistry, University and University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Sophie Janssens
- Department of Internal Medicine and Pediatrics, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium; Laboratory for ER Stress and Inflammation, VIB Center for Inflammation Research, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Bart N Lambrecht
- Laboratory of Mucosal Immunology and Immunoregulation, VIB Center for Inflammation Research, Ghent, Belgium; Department of Internal Medicine and Pediatrics, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium; Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
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33
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Klimek L, Wollenberg B, Guntinas-Lichius O, Pfaar O, Koennecke M. [Reasons for the development of allergies in children]. HNO 2019; 67:90-97. [PMID: 30607442 DOI: 10.1007/s00106-018-0595-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Allergies are one of the most common chronic diseases in childhood, contributing to a tremendous medical and economical burden in health care systems of most industrialized countries. The development of allergies is dependent on a complex interaction of-among others-environmental factors, nutrition, genetic and epigenetic mechanisms as well as the microbiome. These diverse factors can influence early life immune regulation including innate and adaptive immune mechanisms in a complex fashion. In case of any Childhood allergies have increased significantly in past decades. In addition to environmental factors and nutrition, genetic and epigenetic mechanisms as well as the microbiome of children play an important role. Of relevance is the way in which these diverse factors influence early immune development of the innate and adaptive immune systems of children. Their complex regulation is decisive for whether or not a child develops an allergy that manifests in most cases as atopic dermatitis, bronchial asthma, or allergic rhino conjunctivitis, or whether a child develops an immune tolerance. These influences can begin prenatally, already setting the course for later immune system development and occurrence of disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Klimek
- Zentrum für Rhinologie und Allergologie Wiesbaden, An den Quellen 10, 65183, Wiesbaden, Deutschland.
| | - B Wollenberg
- Klinik für Hals-Nasen- und Ohrenheilkunde, Universitätsklinikum Schleswig-Holstein, Lübeck, Deutschland
| | - O Guntinas-Lichius
- Klinik und Poliklinik für Hals- Nasen- und Ohrenheilkunde, Universitätsklinikum Jena, Jena, Deutschland
| | - O Pfaar
- Klinik für Hals-, Nasen-und Ohrenheilkunde, Sektion Rhinologie und Allergologie, Universitätsklinikum Gießen und Marburg GmbH, Philipps-Universität Marburg, Marburg, Deutschland
| | - M Koennecke
- Klinik für Hals-Nasen- und Ohrenheilkunde, Universitätsklinikum Schleswig-Holstein, Lübeck, Deutschland
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34
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Willis-Owen SAG, Cookson WOC, Moffatt MF. The Genetics and Genomics of Asthma. Annu Rev Genomics Hum Genet 2019; 19:223-246. [PMID: 30169121 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-genom-083117-021651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Asthma is a common, clinically heterogeneous disease with strong evidence of heritability. Progress in defining the genetic underpinnings of asthma, however, has been slow and hampered by issues of inconsistency. Recent advances in the tools available for analysis-assaying transcription, sequence variation, and epigenetic marks on a genome-wide scale-have substantially altered this landscape. Applications of such approaches are consistent with heterogeneity at the level of causation and specify patterns of commonality with a wide range of alternative disease traits. Looking beyond the individual as the unit of study, advances in technology have also fostered comprehensive analysis of the human microbiome and its varied roles in health and disease. In this article, we consider the implications of these technological advances for our current understanding of the genetics and genomics of asthma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saffron A G Willis-Owen
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom; , ,
| | - William O C Cookson
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom; , ,
| | - Miriam F Moffatt
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom; , ,
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35
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Boeck A, Landgraf-Rauf K, Vogelsang V, Siemens D, Prazeres da Costa O, Klucker E, von Mutius E, Buch T, Mansmann U, Schaub B. Ca 2+ and innate immune pathways are activated and differentially expressed in childhood asthma phenotypes. Pediatr Allergy Immunol 2018; 29:823-833. [PMID: 30102794 DOI: 10.1111/pai.12971] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2018] [Revised: 07/26/2018] [Accepted: 07/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Asthma is the most common chronic disease in children. Underlying immunologic mechanisms-in particular of different phenotypes-are still just partly understood. The objective of the study was the identification of distinct cellular pathways in allergic asthmatics (AA) and nonallergic asthmatics (NA) vs healthy controls (HC). METHODS Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) of steroid-naïve children (n(AA/NA/HC) = 35/13/34)) from the CLARA study (n = 275) were stimulated (anti-CD3/CD28, LpA) or kept unstimulated. Gene expression was investigated by transcriptomics and quantitative RT-PCR. Differentially regulated pathways between phenotypes were assessed after adjustment for sex and age (KEGG pathways). Networks based on correlations of gene expression were built using force-directed graph drawing. RESULTS Allergic asthmatics vs NA and asthmatics overall vs HC showed significantly different expression of Ca2+ and innate immunity-associated pathways. PCR analysis confirmed significantly increased Ca2+ -associated gene regulation (ORMDL3 and ATP2A3) in asthmatics vs HC, most prominent in AA. Innate immunity receptors (LY75, TLR7), relevant for virus infection, were also upregulated in AA and NA compared to HC. AA and NA could be differentiated by increased ATP2A3 and FPR2 in AA, decreased CLEC4E in AA, and increased IFIH1 expression in NA following anti-CD3/28 stimulation vs unstimulated (fold change). CONCLUSIONS Ca2+ regulation and innate immunity response pattern to viruses were activated in PBMCs of asthmatics. Asthma phenotypes were differentially characterized by distinct regulation of ATP2A3 and expression of innate immune receptors (FPR2, CLEC4E, IFIH1). These genes may present promising targets for future in-depth investigation with the long-term goal of more phenotype-specific therapeutic interventions in asthmatics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreas Boeck
- Department of Asthma & Allergy, University Children's Hospital Munich, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Katja Landgraf-Rauf
- Department of Asthma & Allergy, University Children's Hospital Munich, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany.,Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Munich, Germany
| | - Vanessa Vogelsang
- Department of Asthma & Allergy, University Children's Hospital Munich, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Diana Siemens
- Department of Asthma & Allergy, University Children's Hospital Munich, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | | | - Elisabeth Klucker
- Department of Asthma & Allergy, University Children's Hospital Munich, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Erika von Mutius
- Department of Asthma & Allergy, University Children's Hospital Munich, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany.,Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Munich, Germany.,Institute for Asthma and Allergy Prevention, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Munich, Germany
| | - Thorsten Buch
- Institute of Laboratory Animal Science, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Ulrich Mansmann
- Institute for Medical Information Processing, Biometry and Epidemiology, LMU, Munich, Germany
| | - Bianca Schaub
- Department of Asthma & Allergy, University Children's Hospital Munich, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany.,Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Munich, Germany
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Panganiban RA, Sun M, Dahlin A, Park HR, Kan M, Himes BE, Mitchel JA, Iribarren C, Jorgenson E, Randell SH, Israel E, Tantisira K, Shore S, Park JA, Weiss ST, Wu AC, Lu Q. A functional splice variant associated with decreased asthma risk abolishes the ability of gasdermin B to induce epithelial cell pyroptosis. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2018; 142:1469-1478.e2. [PMID: 29330013 PMCID: PMC6037620 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2017.11.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 114] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2017] [Revised: 11/12/2017] [Accepted: 11/22/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Genetic variants in the chromosomal region 17q21 are consistently associated with asthma. However, mechanistic studies have not yet linked any of the associated variants to a function that could influence asthma, and as a result, the identity of the asthma gene(s) remains elusive. OBJECTIVES We sought to identify and characterize functional variants in the 17q21 locus. METHODS We used the Exome Aggregation Consortium browser to identify coding (amino acid-changing) variants in the 17q21 locus. We obtained asthma association measures for these variants in both the Genetic Epidemiology Research in Adult Health and Aging (GERA) cohort (16,274 cases and 38,269 matched controls) and the EVE Consortium study (5,303 asthma cases and 12,560 individuals). Gene expression and protein localization were determined by quantitative RT-PCR and fluorescence immunostaining, respectively. Molecular and cellular studies were performed to determine the functional effects of coding variants. RESULTS Two coding variants (rs2305480 and rs11078928) of the gasdermin B (GSDMB) gene in the 17q21 locus were associated with lower asthma risk in both GERA (odds ratio, 0.92; P = 1.01 × 10-6) and EVE (odds ratio, 0.85; joint PEVE = 1.31 × 10-13). In GERA, rs11078928 had a minor allele frequency (MAF) of 0.45 in unaffected (nonasthmatic) controls and 0.43 in asthma cases. For European Americans in EVE, the MAF of rs2305480 was 0.45 for controls and 0.39 for cases; for all EVE subjects, the MAF was 0.32 for controls and 0.27 for cases. GSDMB is highly expressed in differentiated airway epithelial cells, including the ciliated cells. We found that, when the GSDMB protein is cleaved by inflammatory caspase-1 to release its N-terminal fragment, potent pyroptotic cell death is induced. The splice variant rs11078928 deletes the entire exon 6, which encodes 13 amino acids in the critical N-terminus, and abolishes the pyroptotic activity of the GSDMB protein. CONCLUSIONS Our study identified a functional asthma variant in the GSDMB gene of the 17q21 locus and implicates GSDMB-mediated epithelial cell pyroptosis in pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ronald A Panganiban
- Program in Molecular and Integrative Physiological Sciences, Departments of Environmental Health and Genetics & Complex Diseases, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Mass
| | - Maoyun Sun
- Program in Molecular and Integrative Physiological Sciences, Departments of Environmental Health and Genetics & Complex Diseases, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Mass
| | - Amber Dahlin
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Mass
| | - Hae-Ryung Park
- Program in Molecular and Integrative Physiological Sciences, Departments of Environmental Health and Genetics & Complex Diseases, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Mass
| | - Mengyuan Kan
- Department of Biostatistics, Epidemiology and Informatics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Blanca E Himes
- Department of Biostatistics, Epidemiology and Informatics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Jennifer A Mitchel
- Program in Molecular and Integrative Physiological Sciences, Departments of Environmental Health and Genetics & Complex Diseases, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Mass
| | - Carlos Iribarren
- Division of Research, Kaiser Permanente Northern California, Oakland, Calif
| | - Eric Jorgenson
- Division of Research, Kaiser Permanente Northern California, Oakland, Calif
| | - Scott H Randell
- Marsico Lung Institute/Cystic Fibrosis Center, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC
| | - Elliot Israel
- Asthma Research Center, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Mass
| | - Kelan Tantisira
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Mass
| | - Stephanie Shore
- Program in Molecular and Integrative Physiological Sciences, Departments of Environmental Health and Genetics & Complex Diseases, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Mass
| | - Jin-Ah Park
- Program in Molecular and Integrative Physiological Sciences, Departments of Environmental Health and Genetics & Complex Diseases, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Mass
| | - Scott T Weiss
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Mass
| | - Ann Chen Wu
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Mass; Precision Medicine Translational Research Center, Department of Population Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Mass
| | - Quan Lu
- Program in Molecular and Integrative Physiological Sciences, Departments of Environmental Health and Genetics & Complex Diseases, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Mass.
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Cao Q, Juan CX, Zhang DQ, He J, Cao YZ, Pasha AB, Wang JY, Qi HX, Li S, Jin R, Zhou GP. STING positively regulates human ORMDL3 expression through TBK1-IRF3-STAT6 complex mediation. Exp Cell Res 2018; 370:498-505. [PMID: 30009792 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2018.07.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2018] [Revised: 07/05/2018] [Accepted: 07/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Orosomucoid 1-like protein 3 (ORMDL3) is an asthma candidate gene associated with virus-triggered recurrent wheeze. Stimulator of interferon gene (STING) controls TLR-independent cytosolic responses to viruses. However, the association of STING with ORMDL3 is unclear. Here, we have shown that ORMDL3 expression shows a linear correlation with STING in recurrent wheeze patients. In elucidating the molecular mechanisms of the ORMDL3-STING relationship, we found that STING promoted the transcriptional activity of ORMDL3, which was significantly associated with increased levels of interferon regulatory factor 3 (IRF3) and signal transducer and activator of transcription 6 (STAT6). Further study showed that via activation of TANK binding kinase 1 (TBK1), STING enhanced the phosphorylation and binding of IRF3 and STAT6, which upregulated ORMDL3 by binding to the promoter. Our results showed that STING positively regulated ORMDL3 through the TBK1-IRF3-STAT6 complex.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Cao
- Department of Pediatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Chen-Xia Juan
- Department of Pediatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Dao-Qi Zhang
- Department of Pediatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Jia He
- Department of Pediatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Yi-Zhi Cao
- The First Clinical Medical School, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Asfia Banu Pasha
- Department of Pediatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Jin-Ya Wang
- Department of Pediatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Hai-Xiao Qi
- Department of Pediatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Sheng Li
- Department of Pediatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Rui Jin
- Department of Pediatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, Jiangsu Province, China.
| | - Guo-Ping Zhou
- Department of Pediatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, Jiangsu Province, China.
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Pathinayake PS, Hsu ACY, Waters DW, Hansbro PM, Wood LG, Wark PAB. Understanding the Unfolded Protein Response in the Pathogenesis of Asthma. Front Immunol 2018; 9:175. [PMID: 29472925 PMCID: PMC5810258 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.00175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2017] [Accepted: 01/19/2018] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Asthma is a heterogeneous, chronic inflammatory disease of the airways. It is a complex disease with different clinical phenotypes and results in a substantial socioeconomic burden globally. Poor understanding of pathogenic mechanisms of the disease hinders the investigation into novel therapeutics. Emerging evidence of the unfolded protein response (UPR) in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) has demonstrated previously unknown functions of this response in asthma development. A worsening of asthmatic condition can be brought on by stimuli such as oxidative stress, pathogenic infections, and allergen exposure. All of which can induce ER stress and activate UPR leading to activation of different inflammatory responses and dysregulate the innate immune functions in the airways. The UPR as a central regulator of asthma pathogenesis may explain several unknown mechanism of the disease onset, which leads us in new directions for future asthma treatments. In this review, we summarize and discuss the causes and impact of ER–UPR in driving the pathogenesis of asthma and highlight its importance in clinical implications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prabuddha S Pathinayake
- Priority Research Centre for Healthy Lungs, Hunter Medical Research Institute, University of Newcastle, Newcastle, NSW, Australia
| | - Alan C-Y Hsu
- Priority Research Centre for Healthy Lungs, Hunter Medical Research Institute, University of Newcastle, Newcastle, NSW, Australia
| | - David W Waters
- Priority Research Centre for Healthy Lungs, Hunter Medical Research Institute, University of Newcastle, Newcastle, NSW, Australia
| | - Philip M Hansbro
- Priority Research Centre for Healthy Lungs, Hunter Medical Research Institute, University of Newcastle, Newcastle, NSW, Australia
| | - Lisa G Wood
- Priority Research Centre for Healthy Lungs, Hunter Medical Research Institute, University of Newcastle, Newcastle, NSW, Australia
| | - Peter A B Wark
- Priority Research Centre for Healthy Lungs, Hunter Medical Research Institute, University of Newcastle, Newcastle, NSW, Australia.,Department of Respiratory and Sleep Medicine, John Hunter Hospital, Newcastle, NSW, Australia
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A decade of research on the 17q12-21 asthma locus: Piecing together the puzzle. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2018; 142:749-764.e3. [PMID: 29307657 PMCID: PMC6172038 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2017.12.974] [Citation(s) in RCA: 119] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2017] [Revised: 12/13/2017] [Accepted: 12/16/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Chromosome 17q12–21 remains the most highly replicated and significant asthma locus. Genotypes in the core region defined by the first genome-wide association study correlate with expression of 2 genes, ORM1-like 3 (ORMDL3) and gasdermin B (GSDMB), making these prime candidate asthma genes, although recent studies have implicated gasdermin A (GSDMA) distal to and post-GPI attachment to proteins 3 (PGAP3) proximal to the core region as independent loci. We review 10 years of studies on the 17q12–21 locus and suggest that genotype-specific risks for asthma at the proximal and distal loci are not specific to early-onset asthma and mediated by PGAP3, ORMDL3, and/or GSDMA expression. We propose that the weak and inconsistent associations of 17q single nucleotide polymorphisms with asthma in African Americans is due to the high frequency of some 17q alleles, the breakdown of linkage disequilibrium on African-derived chromosomes, and possibly different early-life asthma endotypes in these children. Finally, the inconsistent association between asthma and gene expression levels in blood or lung cells from older children and adults suggests that genotype effects may mediate asthma risk or protection during critical developmental windows and/or in response to relevant exposures in early life. Thus studies of young children and ethnically diverse populations are required to fully understand the relationship between genotype and asthma phenotype and the gene regulatory architecture at this locus. (J Allergy Clin Immunol 2018;142:749–64.)
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40
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Liu YP, Rajamanikham V, Baron M, Patel S, Mathur SK, Schwantes EA, Ober C, Jackson DJ, Gern JE, Lemanske RF, Smith JA. Association of ORMDL3 with rhinovirus-induced endoplasmic reticulum stress and type I Interferon responses in human leucocytes. Clin Exp Allergy 2017; 47:371-382. [PMID: 28192616 DOI: 10.1111/cea.12903] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2016] [Revised: 01/11/2017] [Accepted: 02/06/2017] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Children with risk alleles at the 17q21 genetic locus who wheeze during rhinovirus illnesses have a greatly increased likelihood of developing childhood asthma. In mice, overexpression of the 17q21 gene ORMDL3 leads to airway remodelling and hyperresponsiveness. However, the mechanisms by which ORMDL3 predisposes to asthma are unclear. Previous studies have suggested that ORMDL3 induces endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress and production of the type I interferon (IFN)-regulated chemokine CXCL10. OBJECTIVE The purpose of this study was to determine the relationship between ORMDL3 and rhinovirus-induced ER stress and type I IFN in human leucocytes. METHODS ER stress was monitored by measuring HSPA5, CHOP and spliced XBP1 gene expression, and type I IFN by measuring IFNB1 (IFN-β) and CXCL10 expression in human cell lines and primary leucocytes following treatment with rhinovirus. Requirements for cell contact and specific cell type in ORMDL3 induction were examined by transwell assay and depletion experiments, respectively. Finally, the effects of 17q21 genotype on the expression of ORMDL3, IFNB1 and ER stress genes were assessed. RESULTS THP-1 monocytes overexpressing ORMDL3 responded to rhinovirus with increased IFNB1 and HSPA5. Rhinovirus-induced ORMDL3 expression in primary leucocytes required cell-cell contact, and induction was suppressed by plasmacytoid dendritic cell depletion. The degree of rhinovirus-induced ORMDL3, HSPA5 and IFNB1 expression varied by leucocyte type and 17q21 genotype, with the highest expression of these genes in the asthma-associated genotype. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE Multiple lines of evidence support an association between higher ORMDL3 and increased rhinovirus-induced HSPA5 and type I IFN gene expression. These associations with ORMDL3 are cell type specific, with the most significant 17q21 genotype effects on ORMDL3 expression and HSPA5 induction evident in B cells. Together, these findings have implications for how the interaction of increased ORMDL3 and rhinovirus may predispose to asthma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y-P Liu
- Division of Allergy, Immunology and Rheumatology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, USA
| | - V Rajamanikham
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, USA
| | - M Baron
- Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - S Patel
- Division of Allergy, Immunology and Rheumatology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, USA
| | - S K Mathur
- Division of Allergy, Pulmonary and Critical Care, Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, USA
| | - E A Schwantes
- Division of Allergy, Pulmonary and Critical Care, Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, USA
| | - C Ober
- Department of Human Genetics, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - D J Jackson
- Division of Allergy, Immunology and Rheumatology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, USA
| | - J E Gern
- Division of Allergy, Immunology and Rheumatology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, USA
| | - R F Lemanske
- Division of Allergy, Immunology and Rheumatology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, USA
| | - J A Smith
- Division of Allergy, Immunology and Rheumatology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, USA
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Peng S, Deyssenroth MA, Di Narzo AF, Lambertini L, Marsit CJ, Chen J, Hao K. Expression quantitative trait loci (eQTLs) in human placentas suggest developmental origins of complex diseases. Hum Mol Genet 2017; 26:3432-3441. [PMID: 28854703 PMCID: PMC5886245 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddx265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2017] [Revised: 06/08/2017] [Accepted: 07/04/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Epidemiologic studies support that at least part of the risk of chronic diseases in childhood and even adulthood may have an in utero origin, and the placenta is a key organ that plays a pivotal role in fetal growth and development. The transcriptomes of 159 human placenta tissues were profiled by genome-wide RNA sequencing (Illumina High-Seq 2500), and linked to fetal genotypes assessed by a high density single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) genotyping array (Illumina MegaEx). Expression quantitative trait loci (eQTLs) across all annotated transcripts were mapped and examined for enrichment for disease susceptibility loci annotated in the genome-wide association studies (GWAS) catalog. We discovered 3218 cis- and 35 trans-eQTLs at ≤10% false discovery rate in human placentas. Among the 16 439 known disease loci of genome-wide significance, 835 were placental eSNPs (enrichment fold = 1.68, P = 7.41e-42). Stronger effect sizes were observed between GWAS SNPs and gene expression in placentas than what has been reported in other tissues, such as the correlation between asthma risk allele, rs7216389-T and Gasdermin-B (GSDMB) in placenta (r2=27%) versus lung (r2=6%). Finally, our results suggest the placental eQTLs may mediate the function of GWAS loci on postnatal disease susceptibility. Results suggest that transcripts in placenta are under tight genetic control, and that placental gene networks may influence postnatal risk of multiple human diseases lending support for the Developmental Origins of Health and Disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shouneng Peng
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences
- Icahn Institute of Genomics and Multiscale Biology
| | | | - Antonio F. Di Narzo
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences
- Icahn Institute of Genomics and Multiscale Biology
| | - Luca Lambertini
- Department of Environmental Medicine and Public Health
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Science, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Carmen J. Marsit
- Department of Environmental Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Jia Chen
- Department of Environmental Medicine and Public Health
- Department of Pediatrics
- Department of Oncological Sciences
- Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Ke Hao
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences
- Icahn Institute of Genomics and Multiscale Biology
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Ober C, Sperling AI, von Mutius E, Vercelli D. Immune development and environment: lessons from Amish and Hutterite children. Curr Opin Immunol 2017; 48:51-60. [PMID: 28843541 DOI: 10.1016/j.coi.2017.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2017] [Revised: 08/06/2017] [Accepted: 08/08/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Children who grow up in traditional farm environments are protected from developing asthma and allergy. This 'farm effect' can be largely explained by the child's early life contact with farm animals, in particular cows, and their microbes. Our studies in Amish and Hutterite school children living on farms in the U.S. have further demonstrated that this protection is mediated through innate immune pathways. Although very similar with respect to ancestry and many lifestyle factors that are associated with asthma risk, Amish and Hutterites follow farming practices that are associated with profound differences in the levels of house dust endotoxin, in the prevalence of asthma and atopy among school children, and in the proportions, phenotypes, and functions of immune cells from these children. In this review, we will consider our studies in Amish and Hutterites children in the context of the many previous studies in European farm children and discuss how these studies have advanced our understanding of the asthma-protective 'farm effect'.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carole Ober
- Department of Human Genetics, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA.
| | - Anne I Sperling
- Section of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine and the Committee on Immunology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Erika von Mutius
- Dr. von Hauner Children's Hospital, Ludwig Maximilians University Munich, Germany; Comprehensive Pneumology Center, Munich, Germany; German Center for Lung Research, Germany
| | - Donata Vercelli
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Asthma and Airway Disease Research Center, and Bio5 Institute, The University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85724, USA
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Das S, Miller M, Broide DH. Chromosome 17q21 Genes ORMDL3 and GSDMB in Asthma and Immune Diseases. Adv Immunol 2017; 135:1-52. [PMID: 28826527 DOI: 10.1016/bs.ai.2017.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Chromosome 17q21 contains a cluster of genes including ORMDL3 and GSDMB, which have been highly linked to asthma in genome-wide association studies. ORMDL3 is localized to the endoplasmic reticulum and regulates downstream pathways including sphingolipids, metalloproteases, remodeling genes, and chemokines. ORMDL3 inhibits serine palmitoyl-CoA transferase, the rate-limiting enzyme for sphingolipid biosynthesis. In addition, ORMDL3 activates the ATF6α branch of the unfolded protein response which regulates SERCA2b and IL-6, pathways of potential importance to asthma. The SNP-linking chromosome 17q21 to asthma is associated with increased ORMDL3 and GSDMB expression. Mice expressing either increased levels of human ORMDL3, or human GSDMB, have an asthma phenotype characterized by increased airway responsiveness and increased airway remodeling (increased smooth muscle and fibrosis) in the absence of airway inflammation. GSDMB regulates expression of 5-LO and TGF-β1 which are known pathways involved in the pathogenesis of asthma. GSDMB is one of four members of the GSDM family (GSDMA, GSDMB, GSDMC, and GSDMD). GSDMD (located on chromosome 8q24 and not linked to asthma) has emerged as a key mediator of pyroptosis. GSDMD is a key component of the NLPR3 inflammasome and is required for its activation. GSDMD undergoes proteolytic cleavage by caspase-1 to release its N-terminal fragment, which in turn mediates pyroptosis and IL-1β secretion. Chromosome 17q21 has not only been linked to asthma but also to type 1 diabetes, inflammatory bowel disease, and primary biliary cirrhosis suggesting that future insights into the biology of genes located in this region will increase our understanding of these diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sudipta Das
- University of California, San Diego, CA, United States
| | - Marina Miller
- University of California, San Diego, CA, United States
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Impact of genetic polymorphisms determining leukocyte/neutrophil count on chemotherapy toxicity. THE PHARMACOGENOMICS JOURNAL 2017; 18:270-274. [DOI: 10.1038/tpj.2017.16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2016] [Revised: 02/23/2017] [Accepted: 03/02/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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'Hints' in the killer protein gasdermin D: unveiling the secrets of gasdermins driving cell death. Cell Death Differ 2017; 24:588-596. [PMID: 28362726 PMCID: PMC5384029 DOI: 10.1038/cdd.2017.24] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2016] [Revised: 01/22/2017] [Accepted: 01/31/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Pyroptosis is a lytic form of cell death distinguished from apoptosis, ferroptosis, necrosis, necroptosis, NETosis, oncosis, pyronecrosis and autophagy. Proinflammatory caspases cleave a gasdermin D (GSDMD) protein to generate a 31 kDa N-terminal domain. The cleavage relieves the intramolecular inhibition on the gasdermin-N domain, which then moves to the plasma membrane to exhibit pore-forming activity. Thus, GSDMD acts as the final and direct executor of pyroptotic cell death. Owing to the selective targeting of the inner leaflet of the plasma membrane with the pore-forming that determines pyroptotic cell death, GSDMD could be a potential target to control cell death or extracellular bacterial infections. Intriguingly, other gasdermin family members also share similar N-terminal domains, but they present different cell death programs. Herein, we summarize features and functions of the novel player proteins in cell death, including GSDMD triggering pyroptosis, Gsdma3/GSDMA initiating autophagy/apoptosis and DFNA5 inducing apoptosis/secondary necrosis. The gasdermin N terminus appears to be a novel pore-forming protein. This provides novel insight into the underlying roles and mechanisms of lytic or nonlytic forms of programmed cell death, as well as their potential applications in inflammation-associated diseases.
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46
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17q21 asthma-risk variants switch CTCF binding and regulate IL-2 production by T cells. Nat Commun 2016; 7:13426. [PMID: 27848966 PMCID: PMC5116091 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms13426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2015] [Accepted: 10/03/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Asthma and autoimmune disease susceptibility has been strongly linked to genetic variants in the 17q21 haploblock that alter the expression of ORMDL3; however, the molecular mechanisms by which these variants perturb gene expression and the cell types in which this effect is most prominent are unclear. We found several 17q21 variants overlapped enhancers present mainly in primary immune cell types. CD4+ T cells showed the greatest increase (threefold) in ORMDL3 expression in individuals carrying the asthma-risk alleles, where ORMDL3 negatively regulated interleukin-2 production. The asthma-risk variants rs4065275 and rs12936231 switched CTCF-binding sites in the 17q21 locus, and 4C-Seq assays showed that several distal cis-regulatory elements upstream of the disrupted ZPBP2 CTCF-binding site interacted with the ORMDL3 promoter region in CD4+ T cells exclusively from subjects carrying asthma-risk alleles. Overall, our results suggested that T cells are one of the most prominent cell types affected by 17q21 variants. Variations in the 17q21 locus are linked to asthma susceptibility and other autoimmune diseases. Here, the authors perform cell type-specific functional genomic analyses of asthma-risk SNPs, and show a genotype specific mechanism of differential gene regulation relevant to immune function.
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47
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Carreras-Sureda A, Rubio-Moscardo F, Olvera A, Argilaguet J, Kiefer K, Mothe B, Meyerhans A, Brander C, Vicente R. Lymphocyte Activation Dynamics Is Shaped by Hereditary Components at Chromosome Region 17q12-q21. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0166414. [PMID: 27835674 PMCID: PMC5106028 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0166414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2016] [Accepted: 10/29/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) located in the chromosome region 17q12-q21 are risk factors for asthma. Particularly, there are cis-regulatory haplotypes within this region that regulate differentially the expression levels of ORMDL3, GSDMB and ZPBP2 genes. Remarkably, ORMDL3 has been shown to modulate lymphocyte activation parameters in a heterologous expression system. In this context, it has been shown that Th2 and Th17 cytokine production is affected by SNPs in this region. Therefore, we aim to assess the impact of hereditary components within region 17q12-q21 on the activation profile of human T lymphocytes, focusing on the haplotype formed by allelic variants of SNPs rs7216389 and rs12936231. We measured calcium influx and activation markers, as well as the proliferation rate upon T cell activation. Haplotype-dependent differences in mRNA expression levels of IL-2 and INF-γ were observed at early times after activation. In addition, the allelic variants of these SNPs impacted on the extent of calcium influx in resting lymphocytes and altered proliferation rates in a dose dependent manner. As a result, the asthma risk haplotype carriers showed a lower threshold of saturation during activation. Finally, we confirmed differences in activation marker expression by flow cytometry using phytohemagglutinin, a strong polyclonal stimulus. Altogether, our data suggest that the genetic component of pro-inflammatory pathologies present in this chromosome region could be explained by different T lymphocyte activation dynamics depending on individual allelic heredity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amado Carreras-Sureda
- Laboratory of Molecular Physiology, Department of Experimental and Health Sciences, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona, Spain
- Biomedical Neuroscience Institute, Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile
- Program of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Center for Molecular Studies of the Cell, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Fanny Rubio-Moscardo
- Laboratory of Molecular Physiology, Department of Experimental and Health Sciences, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Alex Olvera
- AIDS Research Institute, IrsiCaixa—HIVACAT, Hospital Germans Trias i Pujol, Badalona, Spain
| | - Jordi Argilaguet
- Infection Biology Group, Department of Experimental and Health Sciences, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Kerstin Kiefer
- Laboratory of Molecular Physiology, Department of Experimental and Health Sciences, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Beatriz Mothe
- AIDS Research Institute, IrsiCaixa—HIVACAT, Hospital Germans Trias i Pujol, Badalona, Spain
- Universitat de Vic-Universitat Central de Catalunya (UVic-UCC), Vic, Spain
| | - Andreas Meyerhans
- Infection Biology Group, Department of Experimental and Health Sciences, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona, Spain
- Institució Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats (ICREA), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Christian Brander
- AIDS Research Institute, IrsiCaixa—HIVACAT, Hospital Germans Trias i Pujol, Badalona, Spain
- Universitat de Vic-Universitat Central de Catalunya (UVic-UCC), Vic, Spain
- Institució Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats (ICREA), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Rubén Vicente
- Laboratory of Molecular Physiology, Department of Experimental and Health Sciences, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona, Spain
- * E-mail:
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48
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Paulenda T, Draber P. The role of ORMDL proteins, guardians of cellular sphingolipids, in asthma. Allergy 2016; 71:918-30. [PMID: 26969910 DOI: 10.1111/all.12877] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/06/2016] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
A family of widely expressed ORM-like (ORMDL) proteins has been recently linked to asthma in genomewide association studies in humans and extensively explored in in vivo studies in mice. ORMDL proteins are key regulators of serine palmitoyltransferase, an enzyme catalyzing the initial step of sphingolipid biosynthesis. Sphingolipids play prominent roles in cell signaling and response to stress, and they affect the mechanistic properties of cellular membranes. Deregulation of sphingolipid biosynthesis and their recycling has been proven to support and even cause several diseases including allergy, inflammation, and asthma. ORMDL3, the most extensively studied member of the ORMDL family, has been shown to be important for endoplasmic reticulum homeostasis by regulating the unfolded protein response and calcium response. In immune cells, ORMDL3 is involved in migration and in the production of proinflammatory cytokines. Furthermore, changes in the expression level of ORMDL3 are important in allergen-induced asthma pathologies. This review focuses on functional aspects of the ORMDL family proteins, which may serve as new therapeutic targets for the treatment of asthma and some other life-threatening diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- T. Paulenda
- Laboratory of Signal Transduction; Institute of Molecular Genetics; Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic; Prague Czech Republic
| | - P. Draber
- Laboratory of Signal Transduction; Institute of Molecular Genetics; Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic; Prague Czech Republic
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49
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Zhang Y. Potential therapeutic targets from genetic and epigenetic approaches for asthma. World J Transl Med 2016; 5:14-25. [DOI: 10.5528/wjtm.v5.i1.14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2015] [Accepted: 01/04/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Asthma is a complex disorder characterised by inflammation of airway and symptoms of wheeze and shortness of breath. Allergic asthma, atopic dermatitis and allergic rhinitis are immunoglobulin E (IgE) related diseases. Current therapies targeting asthma rely on non-specific medication to control airway inflammation and prevent symptoms. Severe asthma remains difficult to treat. Genetic and genomic approaches of asthma and IgE identified many novel loci underling the disease pathophysiology. Recent epigenetic approaches also revealed the insights of DNA methylation and chromatin modification on histones in asthma and IgE. More than 30 microRNAs have been identified to have regulating roles in asthma. Understanding the pathways of the novel genetic loci and epigenetic elements in asthma and IgE will provide new therapeutic means for clinical management of the disease in future.
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50
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Zihlif M, Obeidat NM, Zihlif N, Mahafza T, Froukh T, Ghanim MT, Beano H, Al-Akhras FM, Naffa R. Association Between Gasdermin A and Gasdermin B Polymorphisms and Susceptibility to Adult and Childhood Asthma Among Jordanians. Genet Test Mol Biomarkers 2016; 20:143-8. [PMID: 26886240 DOI: 10.1089/gtmb.2015.0174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Gasdermin A (GSDMA) and gasdermin B (GSDMB) have been associated with childhood, and to a lesser extent with adult, asthma in many populations. AIMS In this study, we investigated the association between GSDMA and GSDMB variants and the incidence of adult and childhood asthma among Jordanians. METHODS Subjects were divided into two groups: adults and children. Within the adult group there were 129 asthma patients and 111 healthy controls. In the pediatric group there were 98 asthma patients and 112 healthy children. Gasdermin A (GSDMA) (rs7212938, T/G) and Gasdermin B (rs7216389, T/C) polymorphisms were genotyped using the PCR-RFLP method. Three analysis models were applied to the genotype data: co-dominant, dominant and recessive. RESULTS An association between the GSDMB T/C single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) genotype and the incidence of childhood asthma was found (< 0.05). GSDMB T/C SNP in children also showed a very high tendency toward significance with p = 0.0532 in the single locus analysis. In adults, no significant differences in the allelic frequencies of any of the SNPs analyzed were found between the case and control populations. At the haplotype level, GC haplotype was found to be associated with the risk of asthma in children while none of the tested haplotypes were found to be associated with asthma risk in adults. CONCLUSIONS The findings of this study confirm the previously reported association between the GSDMB gene and the risk of childhood asthma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Malek Zihlif
- 1 Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Jordan , Amman, Jordan
| | - Nathir M Obeidat
- 2 Department of Internal Medicine, University of Jordan Hospital, The University of Jordan , Amman, Jordan
| | - Nadwa Zihlif
- 3 Department of Pediatric, Jordan Hospital , Amman, Jordan
| | - Tareq Mahafza
- 4 Department of Special Surgery, University of Jordan Hospital, The University of Jordan , Amman, Jordan
| | - Tawfiq Froukh
- 5 Department of Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering, Faculty of Science, Philadelphia University , Amman, Jordan
| | - Marcel T Ghanim
- 6 Faculty of Medicine, The University of Jordan , Amman, Jordan
| | - Hamza Beano
- 6 Faculty of Medicine, The University of Jordan , Amman, Jordan
| | - Fatima M Al-Akhras
- 7 Department of Physiology and Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Jordan , Amman, Jordan
| | - Randa Naffa
- 7 Department of Physiology and Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Jordan , Amman, Jordan
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