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Chen L, Xu T, Lou J, Zhang T, Wu S, Xie R, Xu J. The beneficial roles and mechanisms of estrogens in immune health and infection disease. Steroids 2024; 207:109426. [PMID: 38685461 DOI: 10.1016/j.steroids.2024.109426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2023] [Revised: 02/28/2024] [Accepted: 04/21/2024] [Indexed: 05/02/2024]
Abstract
Multiple epidemiologic studies have revealed that gender is considered one of the important factors in the frequency and severity of certain infectious diseases, in which estrogens may play a vital role. There is growing evidence that estrogens as female sex hormone can modulate multiple biological functions outside of the reproductive system, such as in brain and cardiovascular system. However, it is largely unknown about the roles and mechanisms of estrogens/estrogen receptors in immune health and infection disease. Thence, by reading a lot of literature, we summarized the regulatory mechanisms of estrogens/estrogen receptors in immune cells and their roles in certain infectious diseases with gender differences. Therefore, estrogens may have therapeutic potentials to prevent and treat these infectious diseases, which needs further clinical investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lan Chen
- Department of Gastroenterology, Digestive Disease Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, China
| | - Ting Xu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Digestive Disease Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, China
| | - Jun Lou
- Department of Gastroenterology, Digestive Disease Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, China
| | - Ting Zhang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Digestive Disease Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, China
| | - Sheng Wu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Liupanshui People's Hospital, Liupanshui City 553000, Guizhou Province, China
| | - Rui Xie
- Department of Gastroenterology, Digestive Disease Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, China.
| | - Jingyu Xu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Digestive Disease Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, China.
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Dakal TC, Dhabhai B, Pant A, Moar K, Chaudhary K, Yadav V, Ranga V, Sharma NK, Kumar A, Maurya PK, Maciaczyk J, Schmidt‐Wolf IGH, Sharma A. Oncogenes and tumor suppressor genes: functions and roles in cancers. MedComm (Beijing) 2024; 5:e582. [PMID: 38827026 PMCID: PMC11141506 DOI: 10.1002/mco2.582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2023] [Revised: 04/21/2024] [Accepted: 04/26/2024] [Indexed: 06/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Cancer, being the most formidable ailment, has had a profound impact on the human health. The disease is primarily associated with genetic mutations that impact oncogenes and tumor suppressor genes (TSGs). Recently, growing evidence have shown that X-linked TSGs have specific role in cancer progression and metastasis as well. Interestingly, our genome harbors around substantial portion of genes that function as tumor suppressors, and the X chromosome alone harbors a considerable number of TSGs. The scenario becomes even more compelling as X-linked TSGs are adaptive to key epigenetic processes such as X chromosome inactivation. Therefore, delineating the new paradigm related to X-linked TSGs, for instance, their crosstalk with autosome and involvement in cancer initiation, progression, and metastasis becomes utmost importance. Considering this, herein, we present a comprehensive discussion of X-linked TSG dysregulation in various cancers as a consequence of genetic variations and epigenetic alterations. In addition, the dynamic role of X-linked TSGs in sex chromosome-autosome crosstalk in cancer genome remodeling is being explored thoroughly. Besides, the functional roles of ncRNAs, role of X-linked TSG in immunomodulation and in gender-based cancer disparities has also been highlighted. Overall, the focal idea of the present article is to recapitulate the findings on X-linked TSG regulation in the cancer landscape and to redefine their role toward improving cancer treatment strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tikam Chand Dakal
- Department of BiotechnologyGenome and Computational Biology LabMohanlal Sukhadia UniversityUdaipurRajasthanIndia
| | - Bhanupriya Dhabhai
- Department of BiotechnologyGenome and Computational Biology LabMohanlal Sukhadia UniversityUdaipurRajasthanIndia
| | - Anuja Pant
- Department of BiochemistryCentral University of HaryanaMahendergarhHaryanaIndia
| | - Kareena Moar
- Department of BiochemistryCentral University of HaryanaMahendergarhHaryanaIndia
| | - Kanika Chaudhary
- School of Life Sciences. Jawaharlal Nehru UniversityNew DelhiIndia
| | - Vikas Yadav
- School of Life Sciences. Jawaharlal Nehru UniversityNew DelhiIndia
| | - Vipin Ranga
- Dearptment of Agricultural BiotechnologyDBT‐NECAB, Assam Agricultural UniversityJorhatAssamIndia
| | | | - Abhishek Kumar
- Manipal Academy of Higher EducationManipalKarnatakaIndia
- Institute of Bioinformatics, International Technology ParkBangaloreIndia
| | - Pawan Kumar Maurya
- Department of BiochemistryCentral University of HaryanaMahendergarhHaryanaIndia
| | - Jarek Maciaczyk
- Department of Stereotactic and Functional NeurosurgeryUniversity Hospital of BonnBonnGermany
| | - Ingo G. H. Schmidt‐Wolf
- Department of Integrated OncologyCenter for Integrated Oncology (CIO)University Hospital BonnBonnGermany
| | - Amit Sharma
- Department of Stereotactic and Functional NeurosurgeryUniversity Hospital of BonnBonnGermany
- Department of Integrated OncologyCenter for Integrated Oncology (CIO)University Hospital BonnBonnGermany
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3
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Guma E, Chakravarty MM. Immune Alterations in the Intrauterine Environment Shape Offspring Brain Development in a Sex-Specific Manner. Biol Psychiatry 2024:S0006-3223(24)01260-5. [PMID: 38679357 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopsych.2024.04.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2023] [Revised: 03/20/2024] [Accepted: 04/17/2024] [Indexed: 05/01/2024]
Abstract
Exposure to immune dysregulation in utero or in early life has been shown to increase risk for neuropsychiatric illness. The sources of inflammation can be varied, including acute exposures due to maternal infection or acute stress, or persistent exposures due to chronic stress, obesity, malnutrition, or autoimmune diseases. These exposures may cause subtle alteration in brain development, structure, and function that can become progressively magnified across the life span, potentially increasing the likelihood of developing a neuropsychiatric conditions. There is some evidence that males are more susceptible to early-life inflammatory challenges than females. In this review, we discuss the various sources of in utero or early-life immune alteration and the known effects on fetal development with a sex-specific lens. To do so, we leveraged neuroimaging, behavioral, cellular, and neurochemical findings. Gaining clarity about how the intrauterine environment affects offspring development is critically important for informing preventive and early intervention measures that may buffer against the effects of these early-life risk factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisa Guma
- Section on Developmental Neurogenomics, Human Genetics Branch, National Institute of Mental Health, Bethesda, Maryland; Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, Massachusetts.
| | - M Mallar Chakravarty
- Computational Brain Anatomy Laboratory, Cerebral Imaging Centre, Douglas Mental Health University Institute, Montreal, Quebec, Canada; Cerebral Imaging Centre, Douglas Mental Health University Institute, Montreal, Quebec, Canada; Department of Psychiatry, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada; Department of Biomedical Engineering, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
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4
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Layug PJ, Vats H, Kannan K, Arsenio J. Sex differences in CD8 + T cell responses during adaptive immunity. WIREs Mech Dis 2024:e1645. [PMID: 38581141 DOI: 10.1002/wsbm.1645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2023] [Revised: 02/08/2024] [Accepted: 03/14/2024] [Indexed: 04/08/2024]
Abstract
Biological sex is an important variable that influences the immune system's susceptibility to infectious and non-infectious diseases and their outcomes. Sex dimorphic features in innate and adaptive immune cells and their activities may help to explain sex differences in immune responses. T lymphocytes in the adaptive immune system are essential to providing protection against infectious and chronic inflammatory diseases. In this review, T cell responses are discussed with focus on the current knowledge of biological sex differences in CD8+ T cell mediated adaptive immune responses in infectious and chronic inflammatory diseases. Future directions aimed at investigating the molecular and cellular mechanisms underlying sex differences in diverse T cell responses will continue to underscore the significance of understanding sex differences in protective immunity at the cellular level, to induce appropriate T cell-based immune responses in infection, autoimmunity, and cancer. This article is categorized under: Immune System Diseases > Molecular and Cellular Physiology Infectious Diseases > Molecular and Cellular Physiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul Jerard Layug
- Department of Internal Medicine, Max Rady College of Medicine, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
- Manitoba Centre for Proteomics and Systems Biology, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | - Harman Vats
- Manitoba Centre for Proteomics and Systems Biology, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
- Max Rady College of Medicine, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | - Kamali Kannan
- Manitoba Centre for Proteomics and Systems Biology, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
- Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, Max Rady College of Medicine, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | - Janilyn Arsenio
- Department of Internal Medicine, Max Rady College of Medicine, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
- Manitoba Centre for Proteomics and Systems Biology, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
- Max Rady College of Medicine, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
- Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, Max Rady College of Medicine, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
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Kjerulff B, Dowsett J, Jacobsen RL, Gladov J, Larsen MH, Lundgaard AT, Banasik K, Westergaard D, Mikkelsen S, Dinh KM, Hindhede L, Kaspersen KA, Schwinn M, Juul A, Poulsen B, Lindegaard B, Pedersen CB, Sabel CE, Bundgaard H, Nielsen HS, Møller JA, Boldsen JK, Burgdorf KS, Kessing LV, Handgaard LJ, Thørner LW, Didriksen M, Nyegaard M, Grarup N, Ødum N, Johansson PI, Jennum P, Frikke-Schmidt R, Berger SS, Brunak S, Jacobsen S, Hansen TF, Lundquist TK, Hansen T, Sørensen TL, Sigsgaard T, Nielsen KR, Bruun MT, Hjalgrim H, Ullum H, Rostgaard K, Sørensen E, Pedersen OB, Ostrowski SR, Erikstrup C. Lifestyle and demographic associations with 47 inflammatory and vascular stress biomarkers in 9876 blood donors. COMMUNICATIONS MEDICINE 2024; 4:50. [PMID: 38493237 PMCID: PMC10944541 DOI: 10.1038/s43856-024-00474-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2023] [Accepted: 03/04/2024] [Indexed: 03/18/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The emerging use of biomarkers in research and tailored care introduces a need for information about the association between biomarkers and basic demographics and lifestyle factors revealing expectable concentrations in healthy individuals while considering general demographic differences. METHODS A selection of 47 biomarkers, including markers of inflammation and vascular stress, were measured in plasma samples from 9876 Danish Blood Donor Study participants. Using regression models, we examined the association between biomarkers and sex, age, Body Mass Index (BMI), and smoking. RESULTS Here we show that concentrations of inflammation and vascular stress biomarkers generally increase with higher age, BMI, and smoking. Sex-specific effects are observed for multiple biomarkers. CONCLUSION This study provides comprehensive information on concentrations of 47 plasma biomarkers in healthy individuals. The study emphasizes that knowledge about biomarker concentrations in healthy individuals is critical for improved understanding of disease pathology and for tailored care and decision support tools.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bertram Kjerulff
- Department of Clinical Immunology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark.
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark.
- BERTHA Big Data Centre for Environment and Health, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark.
| | - Joseph Dowsett
- Department of Clinical Immunology, Copenhagen University Hospital, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Rikke Louise Jacobsen
- Department of Clinical Immunology, Copenhagen University Hospital, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Josephine Gladov
- Department of Clinical Immunology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
- BERTHA Big Data Centre for Environment and Health, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Margit Hørup Larsen
- Department of Clinical Immunology, Copenhagen University Hospital, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Agnete Troen Lundgaard
- Translational Disease Systems Biology, Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Protein Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Karina Banasik
- Translational Disease Systems Biology, Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Protein Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - David Westergaard
- Translational Disease Systems Biology, Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Protein Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Susan Mikkelsen
- Department of Clinical Immunology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Khoa Manh Dinh
- Department of Clinical Immunology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Lotte Hindhede
- Department of Clinical Immunology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Kathrine Agergård Kaspersen
- Department of Clinical Immunology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
- BERTHA Big Data Centre for Environment and Health, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Michael Schwinn
- Department of Clinical Immunology, Copenhagen University Hospital, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Anders Juul
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Growth and Reproduction, Copenhagen University Hospital - Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
- International Center for Research and Research Training in Endocrine Disruption of Male Reproduction and Child Health (EDMaRC), Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Betina Poulsen
- Department of Clinical Immunology, Copenhagen University Hospital, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Birgitte Lindegaard
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Pulmonary and Infectious Diseases, Copenhagen University Hospital-North Zealand, Hillerød, Denmark
| | - Carsten Bøcker Pedersen
- BERTHA Big Data Centre for Environment and Health, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
- National Centre for Register-based Research, Aarhus BSS, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Clive Eric Sabel
- BERTHA Big Data Centre for Environment and Health, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
- Department of Public Health, Aarhus University, DK-8000, Aarhus, Denmark
- School of Geography, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Plymouth, Plymouth, PL4 8AA, UK
| | - Henning Bundgaard
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- The Heart Center, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Henriette Svarre Nielsen
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Recurrent Pregnancy Loss Unit, Capital Region, Copenhagen University Hospitals, Hvidovre and Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Copenhagen University Hospital, Hvidovre, Denmark
| | - Janne Amstrup Møller
- Department of Clinical Immunology, Copenhagen University Hospital, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Jens Kjærgaard Boldsen
- Department of Clinical Immunology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
- BERTHA Big Data Centre for Environment and Health, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Kristoffer Sølvsten Burgdorf
- Translational Disease Systems Biology, Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Protein Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Lars Vedel Kessing
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Copenhagen Affective Disorder Research Center (CADIC), Psychiatric Center Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Linda Jenny Handgaard
- Department of Clinical Immunology, Copenhagen University Hospital, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Lise Wegner Thørner
- Department of Clinical Immunology, Copenhagen University Hospital, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Maria Didriksen
- Department of Clinical Immunology, Copenhagen University Hospital, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Mette Nyegaard
- Department of Health Science and Technology, Aalborg University, Aalborg, Denmark
| | - Niels Grarup
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Niels Ødum
- LEO Foundation Skin Immunology Research Center, Department of Immunology and Microbiology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Pär I Johansson
- Department of Clinical Immunology, Copenhagen University Hospital, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Copenhagen University Hospital, Hvidovre, Denmark
| | - Poul Jennum
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Danish Center for Sleep Medicine, Department of Clinical Neurophysiology, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Ruth Frikke-Schmidt
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Copenhagen University Hospital-Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Sanne Schou Berger
- Centre for Diagnostics, DTU Health Technology, Technical University of Denmark, 2800, Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Søren Brunak
- Translational Disease Systems Biology, Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Protein Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Søren Jacobsen
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Copenhagen Lupus and Vasculitis Clinic, Center for Rheumatology and Spine Diseases, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Thomas Folkmann Hansen
- Translational Disease Systems Biology, Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Protein Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Danish Headache Center and Danish Multiple Sclerosis Center, Copenhagen University Hospital, Rigshospitalet Glostrup, Glostrup, Denmark
| | - Tine Kirkeskov Lundquist
- Department of Clinical Immunology, Copenhagen University Hospital, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Torben Hansen
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Torben Lykke Sørensen
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Clinical Eye Research Division, Department of Ophthalmology, Zealand University, Hospital, Roskilde, Denmark
| | - Torben Sigsgaard
- BERTHA Big Data Centre for Environment and Health, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
- Department of Public Health, Aarhus University, DK-8000, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Kaspar René Nielsen
- Department of Clinical Immunology, Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg, Denmark
| | - Mie Topholm Bruun
- Department of Clinical Immunology, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark
| | - Henrik Hjalgrim
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Epidemiology Research, Statens Serum Institut, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Danish Cancer Society Research Center, Danish Cancer Society, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Hematology, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | | | - Klaus Rostgaard
- Department of Epidemiology Research, Statens Serum Institut, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Danish Cancer Society Research Center, Danish Cancer Society, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Erik Sørensen
- Department of Clinical Immunology, Copenhagen University Hospital, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Ole Birger Pedersen
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Immunology, Zealand University Hospital, Køge, Denmark
| | - Sisse Rye Ostrowski
- Department of Clinical Immunology, Copenhagen University Hospital, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Christian Erikstrup
- Department of Clinical Immunology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
- BERTHA Big Data Centre for Environment and Health, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
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Ojha U, Marshall DC, Salciccioli JD, Al-Khayatt BM, Hammond-Haley M, Goodall R, Borsky KL, Crowley CP, Shalhoub J, Hartley A. Temporal trend analysis of rheumatic heart disease burden in high-income countries between 1990 and 2019. EUROPEAN HEART JOURNAL. QUALITY OF CARE & CLINICAL OUTCOMES 2024; 10:108-120. [PMID: 36477873 PMCID: PMC10904725 DOI: 10.1093/ehjqcco/qcac083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2022] [Revised: 11/29/2022] [Accepted: 12/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
AIMS To assesses trends in rheumatic heart disease (RHD) burden in high-income, European Union 15+ (EU15+) countries between 1990 and 2019. METHODS AND RESULTS Cross-sectional analysis of the incidence and mortality of RHD was conducted using data from the Global Burden of Disease (GBD) Study database. Age-standardized incidence rates (ASIRs) and age-standardized mortality rates (ASMRs) were extracted for EU15+ countries per sex for each of the years from 1990 to 2019, inclusive, and mortality-to-incidence indices (MII) were computed. Joinpoint regression analysis was used for the description of trends. Over 29 years, an overall declining trend in RHD incidence and mortality across EU 15+ nations were observed. There was significant variability in RHD incidence and mortality rates across high-income countries. However, both RHD incidence and mortality were higher among females compared with males across EU15+ countries over the observed period. The most recent incidence trend, starting predominantly after 2014, demonstrated a rise in RHD incidence in most countries for both sexes. The timing of this RHD resurgence corresponds temporally with an influx of migrants and refugees into Europe. The recent increasing RHD incidence rates ranged from +0.4% to +24.7% for males, and +0.6% to +11.4% for females. CONCLUSION More than half of EU15+ nations display a recent increase in RHD incidence rate across both sexes. Possible factors associated with this rise are discussed and include increase in global migration from nations with higher RHD prevalence, host nation factors such as migrants' housing conditions, healthcare access, and migrant health status on arrival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Utkarsh Ojha
- Royal Brompton & Harefield Hospitals, Heart and Lung Division, Hill End Rd, Harefield, Uxbridge, UB9 6JH, UK
- Chelsea and Westminster Hospital, Department of Medicine, London SW10 9NH, UK
| | - Dominic C Marshall
- Department of Respiratory, National Heart and Lung Institute, Guy Scadding Building, Cale Street, London, SW3 6LY, UK
| | - Justin D Salciccioli
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, 15 Francis Street, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Becker M Al-Khayatt
- Department of Cardiology, East Surrey Hospital, Surrey and Sussex NHS Trusts, UK
| | - Matthew Hammond-Haley
- Department of Cardiology, King's College Hospital, British Heart Foundation Centre of Research Excellence, London, WC2R 2LS, UK
| | - Richard Goodall
- St Andrews Centre for Plastic Surgery and Burns, Chelmsford, CM1 7ET, UK
| | - Kim L Borsky
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Stoke Mandeville Hospital, Mandeville Rd, Aylesbury, HP21 8AL, UK
| | - Conor P Crowley
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Lahey Hospital and Medical Center, 41 Burlington Mall Rd, Burlington, MA, USA
| | - Joseph Shalhoub
- Imperial College London and Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust, Imperial Vascular Unit, Mary Stanford Wing, St Mary's Hospital, Praed Street, London, W2 1NY, UK
| | - Adam Hartley
- Department of Cardiology, National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, SW7 2BX, UK
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7
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Min YG, Moon Y, Kwon YN, Lee BJ, Park KA, Han JY, Han J, Lee HJ, Baek SH, Kim BJ, Kim JS, Park KS, Kim NH, Kim M, Nam TS, Oh SI, Jung JH, Sung JJ, Jang MJ, Kim SJ, Kim SM. Prognostic factors of first-onset optic neuritis based on diagnostic criteria and antibody status: a multicentre analysis of 427 eyes. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 2024:jnnp-2023-333133. [PMID: 38418215 DOI: 10.1136/jnnp-2023-333133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2023] [Accepted: 01/22/2024] [Indexed: 03/01/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Optic neuritis (ON) prognosis is influenced by various factors including attack severity, underlying aetiologies, treatments and consequences of previous episodes. This study, conducted on a large cohort of first ON episodes, aimed to identify unique prognostic factors for each ON subtype, while excluding any potential influence from pre-existing sequelae. METHODS Patients experiencing their first ON episodes, with complete aquaporin-4 (AQP4) and myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein (MOG) antibody testing, and clinical data for applying multiple sclerosis (MS) diagnostic criteria, were enrolled. 427 eyes from 355 patients from 10 hospitals were categorised into four subgroups: neuromyelitis optica with AQP4 IgG (NMOSD-ON), MOG antibody-associated disease (MOGAD-ON), ON in MS (MS-ON) or idiopathic ON (ION). Prognostic factors linked to complete recovery (regaining 20/20 visual acuity (VA)) or moderate recovery (regaining 20/40 VA) were assessed through multivariable Cox regression analysis. RESULTS VA at nadir emerged as a robust prognostic factor for both complete and moderate recovery, spanning all ON subtypes. Early intravenous methylprednisolone (IVMP) was associated with enhanced complete recovery in NMOSD-ON and MOGAD-ON, but not in MS-ON or ION. Interestingly, in NMOSD-ON, even a slight IVMP delay in IVMP by >3 days had a significant negative impact, whereas a moderate delay up to 7-9 days was permissible in MOGAD-ON. Female sex predicted poor recovery in MOGAD-ON, while older age hindered moderate recovery in NMOSD-ON and ION. CONCLUSION This comprehensive multicentre analysis on first-onset ON unveils subtype-specific prognostic factors. These insights will assist tailored treatment strategies and patient counselling for ON.
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Affiliation(s)
- Young Gi Min
- Department of Translational Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea (the Republic of)
- Department of Neurology, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Korea (the Republic of)
| | - Yeji Moon
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea (the Republic of)
| | - Young Nam Kwon
- Department of Neurology, Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea (the Republic of)
| | - Byung Joo Lee
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea (the Republic of)
| | - Kyung-Ah Park
- Department of Ophthalmology, Samsung Medical Center, Seoul, Korea (the Republic of)
| | - Jae Yong Han
- Institute of Vision Research, Department of Ophthalmology, Gangnam Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea (the Republic of)
| | - Jinu Han
- Institute of Vision Research, Department of Ophthalmology, Gangnam Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea (the Republic of)
| | - Haeng-Jin Lee
- Department of Ophthalmology, Jeonbuk National University Hospital, Jeonju, Korea (the Republic of)
| | - Seol-Hee Baek
- Department of Neurology, Korea University Anam Hospital, Seoul, Korea (the Republic of)
| | - Byung-Jo Kim
- Department of Neurology, Korea University Anam Hospital, Seoul, Korea (the Republic of)
| | - Jun-Soon Kim
- Department of Neurology, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Korea (the Republic of)
| | - Kyung Seok Park
- Department of Neurology, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Korea (the Republic of)
| | - Nam-Hee Kim
- Department of Neurology, Dongguk University Ilsan Hospital, Ilsan, Korea (the Republic of)
| | - Martha Kim
- Department of Ophthalmology, Dongguk University Ilsan Hospital, Ilsan, Korea (the Republic of)
| | - Tai-Seung Nam
- Department of Neurology, Chonnam University Hospital, Hwasun, Korea (the Republic of)
| | - Seong-Il Oh
- Department of Neurology, Kyung Hee University Hospital, Seoul, Korea (the Republic of)
- Department of Neurology, Busan Paik Hospital, Busan, Korea (the Republic of)
| | - Jae Ho Jung
- Department of Ophthalmology, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea (the Republic of)
| | - Jung-Joon Sung
- Department of Translational Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea (the Republic of)
- Department of Neurology, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Korea (the Republic of)
| | - Myoung-Jin Jang
- Medical Research Collaborating Center, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Korea (the Republic of)
| | - Seong-Joon Kim
- Department of Ophthalmology, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea (the Republic of)
| | - Sung-Min Kim
- Department of Translational Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea (the Republic of)
- Department of Neurology, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Korea (the Republic of)
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8
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Boahen CK, Abee H, Ponce IR, Joosten LAB, Netea MG, Kumar V. Sex-biased genetic regulation of inflammatory proteins in the Dutch population. BMC Genomics 2024; 25:154. [PMID: 38326779 PMCID: PMC10851559 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-024-10065-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2023] [Accepted: 01/30/2024] [Indexed: 02/09/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Significant differences in immune responses, prevalence or susceptibility of diseases and treatment responses have been described between males and females. Despite this, sex-differentiation analysis of the genetic architecture of inflammatory proteins is largely unexplored. We performed sex-stratified meta-analysis after protein quantitative trait loci (pQTL) mapping using inflammatory biomarkers profiled using targeted proteomics (Olink inflammatory panel) of two population-based cohorts of Europeans. RESULTS Even though, around 67% of the pQTLs demonstrated shared effect between sexes, colocalization analysis identified two loci in the males (LINC01135 and ITGAV) and three loci (CNOT10, SRD5A2, and LILRB5) in the females with evidence of sex-dependent modulation by pQTL variants. Furthermore, we identified pathways with relevant functions in the sex-biased pQTL variants. We also showed through cross-validation that the sex-specific pQTLs are linked with sex-specific phenotypic traits. CONCLUSION Our study demonstrates the relevance of genetic sex-stratified analysis in the context of genetic dissection of protein abundances among individuals and reveals that, sex-specific pQTLs might mediate sex-linked phenotypes. Identification of sex-specific pQTLs associated with sex-biased diseases can help realize the promise of individualized treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Collins K Boahen
- Department of Internal Medicine and Radboud Institute of Molecular Life Sciences (RIMLS), Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, 6525 HP, the Netherlands
- Department of Internal Medicine and Radboud Center for Infectious Diseases (RCI), Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, 6525 HP, the Netherlands
| | - Hannah Abee
- Department of Internal Medicine and Radboud Center for Infectious Diseases (RCI), Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, 6525 HP, the Netherlands
| | - Isis Ricaño Ponce
- Department of Internal Medicine and Radboud Institute of Molecular Life Sciences (RIMLS), Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, 6525 HP, the Netherlands
- Department of Internal Medicine and Radboud Center for Infectious Diseases (RCI), Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, 6525 HP, the Netherlands
| | - Leo A B Joosten
- Department of Internal Medicine and Radboud Institute of Molecular Life Sciences (RIMLS), Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, 6525 HP, the Netherlands
- Department of Internal Medicine and Radboud Center for Infectious Diseases (RCI), Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, 6525 HP, the Netherlands
- Department of Medical Genetics, Iuliu Hatieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacia, Cluj-Napoca-Napoca, Romania
| | - Mihai G Netea
- Department of Internal Medicine and Radboud Institute of Molecular Life Sciences (RIMLS), Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, 6525 HP, the Netherlands
- Department of Internal Medicine and Radboud Center for Infectious Diseases (RCI), Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, 6525 HP, the Netherlands
- Department for Immunology and Metabolism, Life and Medical Sciences Institute (LIMES), University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Vinod Kumar
- Department of Internal Medicine and Radboud Institute of Molecular Life Sciences (RIMLS), Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, 6525 HP, the Netherlands.
- Department of Internal Medicine and Radboud Center for Infectious Diseases (RCI), Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, 6525 HP, the Netherlands.
- Department of Genetics, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, 9700 RB, the Netherlands.
- Nitte (Deemed to Be University), Medical Sciences Complex, Nitte University Centre for Science Education and Research (NUCSER), Deralakatte, Mangalore, 575018, India.
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9
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Rajawat D, Panigrahi M, Nayak SS, Bhushan B, Mishra BP, Dutt T. Dissecting the genomic regions of selection on the X chromosome in different cattle breeds. 3 Biotech 2024; 14:50. [PMID: 38268984 PMCID: PMC10803714 DOI: 10.1007/s13205-023-03905-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2023] [Accepted: 12/18/2023] [Indexed: 01/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Mammalian X and Y chromosomes independently evolved from various autosomes approximately 300 million years ago (MYA). To fully understand the relationship between genomic composition and phenotypic diversity arising due to the course of evolution, we have scanned regions of selection signatures on the X chromosome in different cattle breeds. In this study, we have prepared the datasets of 184 individuals of different cattle breeds and explored the complete X chromosome by utilizing four within-population and two between-population methods. There were 23, 25, 30, 17, 17, and 12 outlier regions identified in Tajima's D, CLR, iHS, ROH, FST, and XP-EHH. Bioinformatics analysis showed that these regions harbor important candidate genes like AKAP4 for reproduction in Brown Swiss, MBTS2 for production traits in Brown Swiss and Guernsey, CXCR3 and CITED1 for health traits in Jersey and Nelore, and BMX and CD40LG for regulation of X chromosome inactivation in Nelore and Gir. We identified genes shared among multiple methods, such as TRNAC-GCA and IL1RAPL1, which appeared in Tajima's D, ROH, and iHS analyses. The gene TRNAW-CCA was found in ROH, CLR and iHS analyses. The X chromosome exhibits a distinctive interaction between demographic factors and genetic variations, and these findings may provide new insight into the X-linked selection in different cattle breeds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Divya Rajawat
- Division of Animal Genetics, Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Bareilly, UP 243122 India
| | - Manjit Panigrahi
- Division of Animal Genetics, Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Bareilly, UP 243122 India
| | - Sonali Sonejita Nayak
- Division of Animal Genetics, Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Bareilly, UP 243122 India
| | - Bharat Bhushan
- Division of Animal Genetics, Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Bareilly, UP 243122 India
| | - B. P. Mishra
- ICAR-National Bureau of Animal Genetic Resources, Karnal, Karnal, India
| | - Triveni Dutt
- Livestock Production and Management Section, Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Bareilly, UP 243122 India
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10
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Kanuri B, Biswas P, Dahdah A, Murphy AJ, Nagareddy PR. Impact of age and sex on myelopoiesis and inflammation during myocardial infarction. J Mol Cell Cardiol 2024; 187:80-89. [PMID: 38163742 PMCID: PMC10922716 DOI: 10.1016/j.yjmcc.2023.11.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2023] [Revised: 11/16/2023] [Accepted: 11/21/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024]
Abstract
Of all the different risk factors known to cause cardiovascular disease (CVD), age and sex are considered to play a crucial role. Aging follows a continuum from birth to death, and therefore it inevitably acts as a risk for CVD. Along with age, sex differences have also been shown to demonstrate variations in immune system responses to pathological insults. It has been widely perceived that females are protected against myocardial infarction (MI) and the protection is quite apparent in young vs. old women. Acute MI leads to changes in the population of myeloid and lymphoid cells at the injury site with myeloid bias being observed in the initial inflammation and the lymphoid in the late-resolution phases of the pathology. Multiple evidence demonstrates that aging enhances damage to various cellular processes through inflamm-aging, an inflammatory process identified to increase pro-inflammatory markers in circulation and tissues. Following MI, marked changes were observed in different sub-sets of major myeloid cell types viz., neutrophils, monocytes, and macrophages. There is a paucity of information regarding the tissue and site-specific functions of these sub-sets. In this review, we highlight the importance of age and sex as crucial risk factors by discussing their role during MI-induced myelopoiesis while emphasizing the current status of myeloid cell sub-sets. We further put forth the need for designing and executing age and sex interaction studies aimed to determine the appropriate age and sex to develop personalized therapeutic strategies post-MI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Babunageswararao Kanuri
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section of Cardiovascular Diseases, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center (OUHSC), Oklahoma City, OK, USA
| | - Priosmita Biswas
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section of Cardiovascular Diseases, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center (OUHSC), Oklahoma City, OK, USA
| | - Albert Dahdah
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section of Cardiovascular Diseases, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center (OUHSC), Oklahoma City, OK, USA
| | - Andrew J Murphy
- Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Division of Immunometabolism, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Prabhakara R Nagareddy
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section of Cardiovascular Diseases, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center (OUHSC), Oklahoma City, OK, USA.
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11
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Bhattacharya S, Sadhukhan D, Saraswathy R. Role of sex in immune response and epigenetic mechanisms. Epigenetics Chromatin 2024; 17:1. [PMID: 38247002 PMCID: PMC10802034 DOI: 10.1186/s13072-024-00525-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2023] [Accepted: 01/05/2024] [Indexed: 01/23/2024] Open
Abstract
The functioning of the human immune system is highly dependent on the sex of the individual, which comes by virtue of sex chromosomes and hormonal differences. Epigenetic mechanisms such as X chromosome inactivation, mosaicism, skewing, and dimorphism in X chromosome genes and Y chromosome regulatory genes create a sex-based variance in the immune response between males and females. This leads to differential susceptibility in immune-related disorders like infections, autoimmunity, and malignancies. Various naturally available immunomodulators are also available which target immune pathways containing X chromosome genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sombodhi Bhattacharya
- Biomedical Genetics Research Lab, School of Biosciences and Technology, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore, 632014, India
| | - Debasmita Sadhukhan
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Biosciences and Technology, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore, 632014, India
| | - Radha Saraswathy
- Biomedical Genetics Research Lab, School of Biosciences and Technology, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore, 632014, India.
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Biosciences and Technology, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore, 632014, India.
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12
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Hunt KS, Alspach E. Battle Within the Sexes: Differences in Male and Female Immunity and the Impact on Antitumor Responses. Cancer Immunol Res 2024; 12:17-25. [PMID: 37939008 DOI: 10.1158/2326-6066.cir-23-0005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2023] [Revised: 03/14/2023] [Accepted: 09/12/2023] [Indexed: 11/10/2023]
Abstract
The immune system plays critical roles in regulating tumor progression. However, despite established differences in male and female immune cell function, our appreciation of sex as a variable in antitumor immune responses is only beginning to develop. Recent findings in mice have demonstrated for the first time that disparities in cancer incidence between the sexes are driven in part by differences in male and female T-cell responses. This review will discuss the growing body of literature demonstrating that male and female innate and adaptive immune responses against tumors are not equivalent and highlight the impact this may have on tumor responses to immunotherapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katey S Hunt
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri
| | - Elise Alspach
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri
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13
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Rigamonti C, Cittone MG, Manfredi GF, De Benedittis C, Paggi N, Baorda F, Di Benedetto D, Minisini R, Pirisi M. Spleen stiffness measurement predicts decompensation and rules out high-risk oesophageal varices in primary biliary cholangitis. JHEP Rep 2024; 6:100952. [PMID: 38192539 PMCID: PMC10772386 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhepr.2023.100952] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2023] [Revised: 10/17/2023] [Accepted: 10/17/2023] [Indexed: 01/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Background & Aims Primary biliary cholangitis (PBC) may lead to portal hypertension (PH). Spleen stiffness measurement (SSM) by vibration-controlled transient elastography accurately predicts PH. We aimed to assess SSM role in stratifying the risk of liver decompensation in PBC. Methods In this monocentric, prospective, cross-sectional study, we included 114 patients with PBC who underwent liver stiffness measurement (LSM) and SSM. In total, 78 and 33 patients underwent two and three sequential vibration-controlled transient elastography examinations, respectively (longitudinal study). Screening for high-risk oesophageal varices by oesophagogastroduodenoscopy was performed according to guidelines and proposed to all patients with SSM >40 kPa. Results Among the 114 patients, 20 (17%) had LSM ≥10 kPa, whereas 17 (15%) had SSM >40 kPa. None of the patients with SSM ≤40 kPa had high-risk oesophageal varices, compared with three of 14 patients with SSM >40 kPa (21%; three refused endoscopy); any-size oesophageal varices were found in nine of 14 patients (64%). During a median follow-up of 15 months (IQR 10-31 months), five (4%) patients developed liver decompensation. The probability of liver decompensation was significantly higher among patients with both LSM ≥10 kPa and SSM >40 kPa: 41% at 24 months vs. 0% in other patient groups (i.e. LSM <10 kPa and SSM ≤40 kPa, or LSM ≥10 kPa and SSM ≤40 kPa, or LSM <10 kPa and SSM >40 kPa) (p <0.0001). Among the 78 patients undergoing longitudinal evaluation, four of nine patients (44%) with SSM increase during follow-up experienced liver decompensation, whereas none of those with stable LSM and SSM had liver decompensation. Conclusions Both LSM and SSM predict liver decompensation in patients with PBC. SSM ≤40 kPa rules out high-risk oesophageal varices and might be used in combination with LSM to improve the prediction of PH-related complications. Impact and implications Spleen stiffness measurement by vibration-controlled transient elastography accurately predicts portal hypertension in patients with chronic viral hepatitis. The present study is the first to demonstrate that in primary biliary cholangitis the combination of liver stiffness and spleen stiffness measurement can significantly improve risk stratification by predicting liver decompensation. Moreover, when spleen stiffness is combined with liver stiffness measurement and platelet count, it aids in identifying individuals with a low probability of having high-risk oesophageal varices, thereby allowing the avoidance of unnecessary endoscopy examinations. Further validation of our results in larger cohorts of patients with primary biliary cholangitis is needed to implement spleen stiffness measurement in clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristina Rigamonti
- Department of Translational Medicine, Università del Piemonte Orientale, Novara, Italy
- Division of Internal Medicine, AOU Maggiore della Carità, Novara, Italy
| | - Micol Giulia Cittone
- Department of Translational Medicine, Università del Piemonte Orientale, Novara, Italy
- Division of Internal Medicine, AOU Maggiore della Carità, Novara, Italy
| | - Giulia Francesca Manfredi
- Department of Translational Medicine, Università del Piemonte Orientale, Novara, Italy
- Division of Internal Medicine, AOU Maggiore della Carità, Novara, Italy
| | - Carla De Benedittis
- Department of Translational Medicine, Università del Piemonte Orientale, Novara, Italy
- Division of Internal Medicine, AOU Maggiore della Carità, Novara, Italy
| | - Noemi Paggi
- Department of Translational Medicine, Università del Piemonte Orientale, Novara, Italy
- Division of Internal Medicine, AOU Maggiore della Carità, Novara, Italy
| | - Francesca Baorda
- Department of Translational Medicine, Università del Piemonte Orientale, Novara, Italy
- Division of Internal Medicine, AOU Maggiore della Carità, Novara, Italy
| | - Davide Di Benedetto
- Department of Translational Medicine, Università del Piemonte Orientale, Novara, Italy
- Division of Internal Medicine, AOU Maggiore della Carità, Novara, Italy
| | - Rosalba Minisini
- Department of Translational Medicine, Università del Piemonte Orientale, Novara, Italy
- Division of Internal Medicine, AOU Maggiore della Carità, Novara, Italy
| | - Mario Pirisi
- Department of Translational Medicine, Università del Piemonte Orientale, Novara, Italy
- Division of Internal Medicine, AOU Maggiore della Carità, Novara, Italy
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14
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Hodes GE, Bangasser D, Sotiropoulos I, Kokras N, Dalla C. Sex Differences in Stress Response: Classical Mechanisms and Beyond. Curr Neuropharmacol 2024; 22:475-494. [PMID: 37855285 PMCID: PMC10845083 DOI: 10.2174/1570159x22666231005090134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2023] [Revised: 07/28/2023] [Accepted: 08/09/2023] [Indexed: 10/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Neuropsychiatric disorders, which are associated with stress hormone dysregulation, occur at different rates in men and women. Moreover, nowadays, preclinical and clinical evidence demonstrates that sex and gender can lead to differences in stress responses that predispose males and females to different expressions of similar pathologies. In this curated review, we focus on what is known about sex differences in classic mechanisms of stress response, such as glucocorticoid hormones and corticotrophin-releasing factor (CRF), which are components of the hypothalamicpituitary- adrenal (HPA) axis. Then, we present sex differences in neurotransmitter levels, such as serotonin, dopamine, glutamate and GABA, as well as indices of neurodegeneration, such as amyloid β and Tau. Gonadal hormone effects, such as estrogens and testosterone, are also discussed throughout the review. We also review in detail preclinical data investigating sex differences caused by recentlyrecognized regulators of stress and disease, such as the immune system, genetic and epigenetic mechanisms, as well neurosteroids. Finally, we discuss how understanding sex differences in stress responses, as well as in pharmacology, can be leveraged into novel, more efficacious therapeutics for all. Based on the supporting evidence, it is obvious that incorporating sex as a biological variable into preclinical research is imperative for the understanding and treatment of stress-related neuropsychiatric disorders, such as depression, anxiety and Alzheimer's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Debra Bangasser
- Center for Behavioral Neuroscience, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Ioannis Sotiropoulos
- Institute of Biosciences & Applications NCSR “Demokritos”, Athens, Greece
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Medicine, University of Minho, Campus de Gualtar, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal
| | - Nikolaos Kokras
- Department of Pharmacology, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
- First Department of Psychiatry, Eginition Hospital, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Christina Dalla
- Department of Pharmacology, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
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15
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Cosci I, Del Fiore P, Mocellin S, Ferlin A. Gender Differences in Soft Tissue and Bone Sarcoma: A Narrative Review. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 16:201. [PMID: 38201628 PMCID: PMC10778120 DOI: 10.3390/cancers16010201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2023] [Revised: 12/28/2023] [Accepted: 12/28/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Sarcomas, uncommon malignancies, stem from mesenchymal tissues, distinct from epithelial tissues, originating in the embryonic mesodermal layer. These sarcomas have been categorized as either bone or soft tissue sarcomas, depending on their originating tissue. The majority of sarcomas occur sporadically with their etiology being unknown, but there are several, well-established genetic predisposition syndromes and some environmental exposures associated with specific sarcomas. Recently, many studies have shown that sarcomas, in analogy with colorectal, skin, head and neck, esophageal, lung, and liver carcinomas, also have a male sex predilection. Significant gender differences have already been observed in childhood sarcomas. Among the tumors strongly associated with the male sex, childhood sarcomas have been identified as being particularly sensitive to the biological differences between the sexes, with special regard to soft tissue sarcomas. As the biological mechanisms underlying the sex differences in the incidence of soft tissue sarcomas remain largely unexplored, this review aims to highlight the factors underlying these differences to inform prevention and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilaria Cosci
- Veneto Institute of Oncology IOV-IRCCS, 35128 Padova, Italy;
| | - Paolo Del Fiore
- Soft-Tissue, Peritoneum and Melanoma Surgical Oncology Unit, Veneto Institute of Oncology IOV-IRCCS, 35128 Padua, Italy;
| | - Simone Mocellin
- Soft-Tissue, Peritoneum and Melanoma Surgical Oncology Unit, Veneto Institute of Oncology IOV-IRCCS, 35128 Padua, Italy;
- Department of Surgical, Oncological and Gastroenterological Sciences (DISCOG), University of Padua, 35128 Padova, Italy
| | - Alberto Ferlin
- Unit of Andrology and Reproductive Medicine, University Hospital of Padova, 35128 Padova, Italy;
- Department of Medicine, University of Padova, 35128 Padova, Italy
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16
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Hernangomez-Laderas A, Cilleros-Portet A, Martínez Velasco S, Marí S, Legarda M, González-García BP, Tutau C, García-Santisteban I, Irastorza I, Fernandez-Jimenez N, Bilbao JR. Sex bias in celiac disease: XWAS and monocyte eQTLs in women identify TMEM187 as a functional candidate gene. Biol Sex Differ 2023; 14:86. [PMID: 38072919 PMCID: PMC10712119 DOI: 10.1186/s13293-023-00572-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2023] [Accepted: 11/28/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Celiac disease (CeD) is an immune-mediated disorder that develops in genetically predisposed individuals upon gluten consumption. HLA risk alleles explain 40% of the genetic component of CeD, so there have been continuing efforts to uncover non-HLA loci that can explain the remaining heritability. As in most autoimmune disorders, the prevalence of CeD is significantly higher in women. Here, we investigated the possible involvement of the X chromosome on the sex bias of CeD. METHODS We performed a X chromosome-wide association study (XWAS) and a gene-based association study in women from the CeD Immunochip (7062 cases, 5446 controls). We also constructed a database of X chromosome cis-expression quantitative trait loci (eQTLs) in monocytes from unstimulated (n = 226) and lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated (n = 130) female donors and performed a Summary-data-based MR (SMR) analysis to integrate XWAS and eQTL information. We interrogated the expression of the potentially causal gene (TMEM187) in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) from celiac patients at onset, on a gluten-free diet, potential celiac patients and non-celiac controls. RESULTS The XWAS and gene-based analyses identified 13 SNPs and 25 genes, respectively, 22 of which had not been previously associated with CeD. The X chromosome cis-eQTL analysis found 18 genes with at least one cis-eQTL in naïve female monocytes and 8 genes in LPS-stimulated female monocytes, 2 of which were common to both situations and 6 were unique to LPS stimulation. SMR identified a potentially causal association of TMEM187 expression in naïve monocytes with CeD in women, regulated by CeD-associated, eQTL-SNPs rs7350355 and rs5945386. The CeD-risk alleles were correlated with lower TMEM187 expression. These results were replicated using eQTLs from LPS-stimulated monocytes. We observed higher levels of TMEM187 expression in PBMCs from female CeD patients at onset compared to female non-celiac controls, but not in male CeD individuals. CONCLUSION Using X chromosome genotypes and gene expression data from female monocytes, SMR has identified TMEM187 as a potentially causal candidate in CeD. Further studies are needed to understand the implication of the X chromosome in the higher prevalence of CeD in women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alba Hernangomez-Laderas
- Department of Genetics, Physical Anthropology and Animal Physiology, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Leioa, Basque Country, Spain
- Biobizkaia Health Research Institute, Barakaldo, Basque Country, Spain
| | - Ariadna Cilleros-Portet
- Department of Genetics, Physical Anthropology and Animal Physiology, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Leioa, Basque Country, Spain
- Biobizkaia Health Research Institute, Barakaldo, Basque Country, Spain
| | - Silvia Martínez Velasco
- Biobizkaia Health Research Institute, Barakaldo, Basque Country, Spain
- Pediatric Gastroenterology Unit, Cruces University Hospital, Barakaldo, Basque Country, Spain
| | - Sergi Marí
- Department of Genetics, Physical Anthropology and Animal Physiology, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Leioa, Basque Country, Spain
- Biobizkaia Health Research Institute, Barakaldo, Basque Country, Spain
| | - María Legarda
- Biobizkaia Health Research Institute, Barakaldo, Basque Country, Spain
- Pediatric Gastroenterology Unit, Cruces University Hospital, Barakaldo, Basque Country, Spain
| | - Bárbara Paola González-García
- Department of Genetics, Physical Anthropology and Animal Physiology, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Leioa, Basque Country, Spain
- Biobizkaia Health Research Institute, Barakaldo, Basque Country, Spain
| | - Carlos Tutau
- Biobizkaia Health Research Institute, Barakaldo, Basque Country, Spain
- Pediatric Gastroenterology Unit, Cruces University Hospital, Barakaldo, Basque Country, Spain
| | - Iraia García-Santisteban
- Department of Genetics, Physical Anthropology and Animal Physiology, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Leioa, Basque Country, Spain
- Biobizkaia Health Research Institute, Barakaldo, Basque Country, Spain
| | - Iñaki Irastorza
- Biobizkaia Health Research Institute, Barakaldo, Basque Country, Spain
- Pediatric Gastroenterology Unit, Cruces University Hospital, Barakaldo, Basque Country, Spain
| | - Nora Fernandez-Jimenez
- Department of Genetics, Physical Anthropology and Animal Physiology, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Leioa, Basque Country, Spain.
- Biobizkaia Health Research Institute, Barakaldo, Basque Country, Spain.
| | - Jose Ramon Bilbao
- Department of Genetics, Physical Anthropology and Animal Physiology, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Leioa, Basque Country, Spain.
- Biobizkaia Health Research Institute, Barakaldo, Basque Country, Spain.
- Spanish Biomedical Research Center in Diabetes and Associated Metabolic Disorders (CIBERDEM), Madrid, Spain.
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17
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Stangl V, Lorenz M. Why you should pay more attention to your cells' sex. J Physiol 2023; 601:5581-5584. [PMID: 37963009 DOI: 10.1113/jp284819] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2023] [Accepted: 11/01/2023] [Indexed: 11/16/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Verena Stangl
- Deutsches Herzzentrum der Charité, Klinik für Kardiologie, Angiologie und Intensivmedizin, Berlin, Germany
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Mario Lorenz
- Deutsches Herzzentrum der Charité, Klinik für Kardiologie, Angiologie und Intensivmedizin, Berlin, Germany
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Berlin, Berlin, Germany
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18
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Salsone M, Signorelli C, Oldani A, Alberti VF, Castronovo V, Mazzitelli S, Minerva M, Ferini-Strambi L. NEURO-COVAX: An Italian Population-Based Study of Neurological Complications after COVID-19 Vaccinations. Vaccines (Basel) 2023; 11:1621. [PMID: 37897023 PMCID: PMC10610846 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines11101621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2023] [Revised: 10/18/2023] [Accepted: 10/19/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE In this Italian population-based study, we aimed to evaluate the neurological complications after the first and/or second dose of COVID-19 vaccines and factors potentially associated with these adverse effects. METHODS Our study included adults aged 18 years and older who received two vaccine doses in the vaccination hub of Novegro (Milan, Lombardy) between 7 and 16 July 2021. The NEURO-COVAX questionnaire was able to capture the neurological events, onset and duration. That data that were digitized centrally by the Lombardy region were used to match the demographic/clinical characteristics and identify a vulnerability profile. Associations between vaccine lines and the development of complications were assessed. Digital healthcare system matching was also performed to evaluate severe neurological complications (Guillain-Barrè syndrome, Bell's palsy, transverse myelitis, encephalitis) and the incidence of hospital admissions and/or the mortality rate after two doses of the vaccines. RESULTS The NEURO-COVAX-cohort included 19.108 vaccinated people: 15.368 with BNT162b2, 2077 with mRNA-1273, 1651 with ChAdOx1nCov-19, and 12 with Ad26.COV2.S who were subsequently excluded. Approximately 31.2% of our sample developed post-vaccination neurological complications, particularly with ChAdOx1nCov-19. A vulnerable clinical profile emerged, where over 40% of the symptomatic people showed comorbidities in their clinical histories. Defining the neurological risk profile, we found an increased risk for ChAdOx1nCov-19 of tremors (vs. BNT162b2, OR: 5.12, 95% CI: 3.51-7.48); insomnia (vs. mRNA-1273, OR: 1.87, 95% CI: 1.02-3.39); muscle spasms (vs. BNT162b2, OR: 1.62, 95% CI: 1.08-2.46); and headaches (vs. BNT162b2, OR: 1.49, 95% CI: 0.96-1.57). For mRNA-1273, there were increased risks of parethesia (vs. ChAdOx1nCov-19, OR: 2.37, 95% CI: 1.48-3.79); vertigo (vs. ChAdOx1nCov-19, OR: 1.68, 95% CI: 1.20-2.35); diplopia (vs. ChAdOx1nCov-19, OR: 1.55, 95% CI: 0.67-3.57); and sleepiness (vs. ChAdOx1nCov-19, OR: 1.28, 95% CI: 0.98-1.67). In the period that ranged from March to August 2021, no one was hospitalized and/or died of severe complications related to COVID-19 vaccinations. DISCUSSION This study estimates the prevalence and risk for neurological complications potentially associated with COVID-19 vaccines, thus improving the vaccination guidelines and loading in future personalized preventive medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Salsone
- Institute of Molecular Bioimaging and Physiology, National Research Council, 20125 Milan, Italy
- Sleep Disorders Center, Division of Neuroscience, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, 20127 Milan, Italy
| | - Carlo Signorelli
- School of Medicine, Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, 20132 Milan, Italy
| | - Alessandro Oldani
- Sleep Disorders Center, Division of Neuroscience, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, 20127 Milan, Italy
| | | | - Vincenza Castronovo
- Sleep Disorders Center, Division of Neuroscience, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, 20127 Milan, Italy
| | | | - Massimo Minerva
- School of Medicine, Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, 20132 Milan, Italy
| | - Luigi Ferini-Strambi
- Sleep Disorders Center, Division of Neuroscience, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, 20127 Milan, Italy
- Sleep Disorders Center, Division of Neuroscience, Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, 20132 Milan, Italy
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19
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Balu D, Valencia-Olvera AC, Nguyen A, Patnam M, York J, Peri F, Neumann F, LaDu MJ, Tai LM. A small-molecule TLR4 antagonist reduced neuroinflammation in female E4FAD mice. Alzheimers Res Ther 2023; 15:181. [PMID: 37858252 PMCID: PMC10585767 DOI: 10.1186/s13195-023-01330-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2023] [Accepted: 10/10/2023] [Indexed: 10/21/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND APOE genotype is the greatest genetic risk factor for sporadic Alzheimer's disease (AD). APOE4 increases AD risk up to 12-fold compared to APOE3, an effect that is greater in females. Evidence suggests that one-way APOE could modulate AD risk and progression through neuroinflammation. Indeed, APOE4 is associated with higher glial activation and cytokine levels in AD patients and mice. Therefore, identifying pathways that contribute to APOE4-associated neuroinflammation is an important approach for understanding and treating AD. Human and in vivo evidence suggests that TLR4, one of the key receptors involved in the innate immune system, could be involved in APOE-modulated neuroinflammation. Consistent with that idea, we previously demonstrated that the TLR4 antagonist IAXO-101 can reduce LPS- and Aβ-induced cytokine secretion in APOE4 glial cultures. Therefore, the goal of this study was to advance these findings and determine whether IAXO-101 can modulate neuroinflammation, Aβ pathology, and behavior in mice that express APOE4. METHODS We used mice that express five familial AD mutations and human APOE3 (E3FAD) or APOE4 (E4FAD). Female and male E4FAD mice and female E3FAD mice were treated with vehicle or IAXO-101 in two treatment paradigms: prevention from 4 to 6 months of age or reversal from 6 to 7 months of age. Learning and memory were assessed by modified Morris water maze. Aβ deposition, fibrillar amyloid deposition, astrogliosis, and microgliosis were assessed by immunohistochemistry. Soluble levels of Aβ and apoE, insoluble levels of apoE and Aβ, and IL-1β were measured by ELISA. RESULTS IAXO-101 treatment resulted in lower Iba-1 coverage, lower number of reactive microglia, and improved memory in female E4FAD mice in both prevention and reversal paradigms. IAXO-101-treated male E4FAD mice also had lower Iba-1 coverage and reactivity in the RVS paradigm, but there was no effect on behavior. There was also no effect of IAXO-101 treatment on neuroinflammation and behavior in female E3FAD mice. CONCLUSION Our data supports that TLR4 is a potential mechanistic therapeutic target for modulating neuroinflammation and cognition in APOE4 females.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deebika Balu
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, 60612, USA
| | - Ana C Valencia-Olvera
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, 60612, USA
| | - Austin Nguyen
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, 60612, USA
| | - Mehul Patnam
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, 60612, USA
| | - Jason York
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, 60612, USA
| | - Francesco Peri
- Department of Biotechnology and Biosciences, University of Milano-Bicocca, Milan, Italy
| | | | - Mary Jo LaDu
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, 60612, USA
| | - Leon M Tai
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, 60612, USA.
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20
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Mukherjee S, Patra R, Behzadi P, Masotti A, Paolini A, Sarshar M. Toll-like receptor-guided therapeutic intervention of human cancers: molecular and immunological perspectives. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1244345. [PMID: 37822929 PMCID: PMC10562563 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1244345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2023] [Accepted: 09/07/2023] [Indexed: 10/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Toll-like receptors (TLRs) serve as the body's first line of defense, recognizing both pathogen-expressed molecules and host-derived molecules released from damaged or dying cells. The wide distribution of different cell types, ranging from epithelial to immune cells, highlights the crucial roles of TLRs in linking innate and adaptive immunity. Upon stimulation, TLRs binding mediates the expression of several adapter proteins and downstream kinases, that lead to the induction of several other signaling molecules such as key pro-inflammatory mediators. Indeed, extraordinary progress in immunobiological research has suggested that TLRs could represent promising targets for the therapeutic intervention of inflammation-associated diseases, autoimmune diseases, microbial infections as well as human cancers. So far, for the prevention and possible treatment of inflammatory diseases, various TLR antagonists/inhibitors have shown to be efficacious at several stages from pre-clinical evaluation to clinical trials. Therefore, the fascinating role of TLRs in modulating the human immune responses at innate as well as adaptive levels directed the scientists to opt for these immune sensor proteins as suitable targets for developing chemotherapeutics and immunotherapeutics against cancer. Hitherto, several TLR-targeting small molecules (e.g., Pam3CSK4, Poly (I:C), Poly (A:U)), chemical compounds, phytocompounds (e.g., Curcumin), peptides, and antibodies have been found to confer protection against several types of cancers. However, administration of inappropriate doses of such TLR-modulating therapeutics or a wrong infusion administration is reported to induce detrimental outcomes. This review summarizes the current findings on the molecular and structural biology of TLRs and gives an overview of the potency and promises of TLR-directed therapeutic strategies against cancers by discussing the findings from established and pipeline discoveries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suprabhat Mukherjee
- Integrative Biochemistry & Immunology Laboratory, Department of Animal Science, Kazi Nazrul University, Asansol, West Bengal, India
| | - Ritwik Patra
- Integrative Biochemistry & Immunology Laboratory, Department of Animal Science, Kazi Nazrul University, Asansol, West Bengal, India
| | - Payam Behzadi
- Department of Microbiology, Shahr-e-Qods Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Andrea Masotti
- Research Laboratories, Bambino Gesù Children’s Hospital-IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Alessandro Paolini
- Research Laboratories, Bambino Gesù Children’s Hospital-IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Meysam Sarshar
- Research Laboratories, Bambino Gesù Children’s Hospital-IRCCS, Rome, Italy
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21
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Fardisi M, Thelen K, Groenendal A, Rajput M, Sebastian K, Contreras GA, Moeser AJ. Early weaning and biological sex shape long-term immune and metabolic responses in pigs. Sci Rep 2023; 13:15907. [PMID: 37741873 PMCID: PMC10517948 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-42553-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2023] [Accepted: 09/12/2023] [Indexed: 09/25/2023] Open
Abstract
During the early pre and postnatal life, host and environmental factors can impart a major influence on immune development, thus shaping lifelong disease resistance. Two major factors known to influence immune function and mortality in animals and people are early life stress and biological sex. How these two factors interact to shape long-term immune development and later life disease risk is poorly understood. Here we investigated how early weaning, a common early life stressor in pigs, and biological sex impacts long-term systemic inflammatory responses and hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis (HPA axis) activation later in life. Ten-week-old female (F), intact-male (IM) and castrated-male (CM) pigs that were randomly assigned to early weaning (EW) and later weaning (LW) (at 15 or 28 days of age, respectively) were intramuscularly injected with either saline vehicle or lipopolysaccharide (LPS) to induce a systemic inflammatory response. Complete blood counts (CBC), proinflammatory cytokines, cortisol, testosterone, estradiol, and rectal temp were measured at 0 h, 2 h, and 4 h post-LPS challenge. At 4 h post-LPS, peritoneal fluid (PF) and white blood cells (WBC) were collected for differential analysis. LPS challenge significantly increased rectal temp and plasma cortisol level in all treatment groups. Together, the CBC results and immune cell counts in peritoneal cavity indicated that EW-F exhibited greater systemic immune response characterized by increased neutrophils to lymphocytes ratio (NLR) and enhanced neutrophil trafficking to the peritoneal cavity. Early weaning had an opposite effect on IM and CM pigs, which exhibited a suppressed LPS-induced neutrophil migration. Early weaning induced significantly greater cortisol responses only in IM pigs indicating a heightened HPA axis responses in EW-IM. how early weaning and biological sex affect immune and stress responses in pigs. Together, these results demonstrate that early weaning and biological sex and castration shape later life immune responses in pigs and provides insight into potential mechanisms driving sex differences in later life inflammatory disease risk and mortality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahsa Fardisi
- Department of Large Animal Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, 48824, USA
| | - Kyan Thelen
- Department of Large Animal Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, 48824, USA
| | - Allegra Groenendal
- Department of Large Animal Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, 48824, USA
| | - Mrigendra Rajput
- Department of Large Animal Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, 48824, USA
| | - Kimberly Sebastian
- Department of Pathology and Diagnostic Investigation, College of Veterinary Medicine, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, 48824, USA
| | - G Andres Contreras
- Department of Large Animal Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, 48824, USA
| | - Adam J Moeser
- Department of Large Animal Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, 48824, USA.
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22
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Baines KJ, West RC. Sex differences in innate and adaptive immunity impact fetal, placental, and maternal health†. Biol Reprod 2023; 109:256-270. [PMID: 37418168 DOI: 10.1093/biolre/ioad072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2023] [Revised: 06/29/2023] [Accepted: 06/30/2023] [Indexed: 07/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The differences between males and females begin shortly after birth, continue throughout prenatal development, and eventually extend into childhood and adult life. Male embryos and fetuses prioritize proliferation and growth, often at the expense of the fetoplacental energy reserves. This singular focus on growth over adaptability leaves male fetuses and neonates vulnerable to adverse outcomes during pregnancy and birth and can have lasting impacts throughout life. Beyond this prioritization of growth, male placentas and fetuses also respond to infection and inflammation differently than female counterparts. Pregnancies carrying female fetuses have a more regulatory immune response, whereas pregnancies carrying male fetuses have a stronger inflammatory response. These differences can be seen as early as the innate immune response with differences in cytokine and chemokine signaling. The sexual dimorphism in immunity then continues into the adaptive immune response with differences in T-cell biology and antibody production and transfer. As it appears that these sex-specific differences are amplified in pathologic pregnancies, it stands to reason that differences in the placental, fetal, and maternal immune responses in pregnancy contribute to increased male perinatal morbidity and mortality. In this review, we will describe the genetic and hormonal contributions to the sexual dimorphism of fetal and placental immunity. We will also discuss current research efforts to describe the sex-specific differences of the maternal-fetal interface and how it impacts fetal and maternal health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelly J Baines
- Anatomy, Physiology, Pharmacology Department, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36849, USA
| | - Rachel C West
- Anatomy, Physiology, Pharmacology Department, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36849, USA
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23
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Yu Q, Sun Z, Wang Y, Du X, Huang J, Wang L. Hyperuricemia is accompanied by elevated peripheral CD4 + T cells. Sci Rep 2023; 13:12537. [PMID: 37532790 PMCID: PMC10397288 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-39775-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2023] [Accepted: 07/31/2023] [Indexed: 08/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Hyperuricemia (HUA) makes a chronic inflammation status, which affects immune cells. The association between HUA and immune cells, such as monocytes and neutrophils, has been extensively studied. However, studies on HUA and lymphocytes are still limited. We selected 1543 healthy participants and 258 individuals with HUA to analyze the correlation between serum uric acid (SUA) levels and immune cells, and 98 healthy participants and 16 individuals with HUA were used to study the relationship between SUA levels and cytokine levels. Then, we used soluble UA to stimulate peripheral blood mononuclear cells in vitro and examined lymphocyte subset counts and activation by flow cytometry. The results revealed that the number of lymphocytes in the HUA group was significantly increased, particularly CD4+ T cell numbers, which were higher than those in the total population (P = 0.0019), females (P = 0.0142), and males (P = 0.0199) of the healthy control group. Concomitantly, interleukin (IL)-4 and IL-10 levels significantly increased in people with HUA (P = 0.0254; P = 0.0019). In vitro, soluble UA promoted the proliferation and activation of CD4+ T and CD19+ B cells. Thus, HUA is accompanied by elevated peripheral CD4+ T cells and may cause a Th2-dominant immune status.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiuyang Yu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, Jilin, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhengyi Sun
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, Jilin, People's Republic of China
| | - Ying Wang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, Jilin, People's Republic of China
| | - Xue Du
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, Jilin, People's Republic of China
| | - Jing Huang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, Jilin, People's Republic of China.
| | - Liying Wang
- Institute of Pediatrics, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, Jilin, People's Republic of China.
- Department of Molecular Biology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, Jilin, People's Republic of China.
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24
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Adiguzel Y, Mahroum N, Muller S, Blank M, Halpert G, Shoenfeld Y. Shared Pathogenicity Features and Sequences between EBV, SARS-CoV-2, and HLA Class I Molecule-binding Motifs with a Potential Role in Autoimmunity. Clin Rev Allergy Immunol 2023; 65:206-230. [PMID: 37505416 DOI: 10.1007/s12016-023-08962-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/25/2023] [Indexed: 07/29/2023]
Abstract
Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) and severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) are extraordinary in their ability to activate autoimmunity as well as to induce diverse autoimmune diseases. Here we reviewed the current knowledge on their relation. Further, we suggested that molecular mimicry could be a possible common mechanism of autoimmunity induction in the susceptible individuals infected with SARS-CoV-2. Molecular mimicry between SARS-CoV-2 and human proteins, and EBV and human proteins, are present. Besides, relation of the pathogenicity associated with both coronavirus diseases and EBV supports the notion. As a proof-of-the-concept, we investigated 8mer sequences with shared 5mers of SARS-CoV-2, EBV, and human proteins, which were predicted as epitopes binding to the same human leukocyte antigen (HLA) supertype representatives. We identified significant number of human peptide sequences with predicted-affinities to the HLA-A*02:01 allele. Rest of the peptide sequences had predicted-affinities to the HLA-A*02:01, HLA-B*40:01, HLA-B*27:05, HLA-A*01:01, and HLA-B*39:01 alleles. Carriers of these serotypes can be under a higher risk of autoimmune response induction upon getting infected, through molecular mimicry-based mechanisms common to SARS-CoV-2 and EBV infections. We additionally reviewed established associations of the identified proteins with the EBV-related pathogenicity and with the autoimmune diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yekbun Adiguzel
- Department of Medical Biology, School of Medicine, Atilim University, Kizilcasar Mah. 06836 Incek, Golbasi, Ankara, Turkey.
| | - Naim Mahroum
- International School of Medicine, Istanbul Medipol University, Göztepe Mah, Atatürk Cd. No:40, Beykoz, Istanbul, 34810, Turkey
| | - Sylviane Muller
- Centre National de la Recherche scientifique-Université de Strasbourg, Biotechnology and Cell Signalling Unit, Neuroimmunology and Peptide Therapeutics Team, Strasbourg Drug Discovery and Development Institute, Strasbourg, France
- University of Strasbourg Institute for Advanced Study, Strasbourg, France
- Fédération Hospitalo-Universitaire OMICARE, Fédération de Médecine Translationnelle de Strasbourg, University of Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
| | - Miri Blank
- Zabludowicz Center for Autoimmune Diseases, Sheba Medical Center, Ramat Gan, Tel-Hashomer, 52621, Israel
| | - Gilad Halpert
- Zabludowicz Center for Autoimmune Diseases, Sheba Medical Center, Ramat Gan, Tel-Hashomer, 52621, Israel
| | - Yehuda Shoenfeld
- Zabludowicz Center for Autoimmune Diseases, Sheba Medical Center, Ramat Gan, Tel-Hashomer, 52621, Israel
- Reichman University, Herzliya, 4610101, Israel
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25
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Rigamonti C, De Benedittis C, Labanca S, Vanni E, Morgando A, Manfredi GF, Azzolina D, Cittone MG, Giannini EG, Saracco GM, Pirisi M. Excellent outcome in patients with primary biliary cholangitis in Northwest Italy followed up for up to 30 years. Eur J Gastroenterol Hepatol 2023; 35:899-906. [PMID: 37395243 DOI: 10.1097/meg.0000000000002582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/04/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Primary biliary cholangitis (PBC) is a rare chronic autoimmune cholangiopathy, characterized by a variable course and response to treatment. We aimed to describe long-term outcomes of PBC patients referred to three academic centres in Northwest Italy. METHODS This is an ambispective cohort study of PBC patients (retrospective component: diagnosis before 1 January 2019; prospective component: thereafter), including 302 patients: 101 (33%) followed up in Novara, 86 (28%) in Turin, 115 (38%) in Genoa. Clinical features at diagnosis, biochemical response to therapy and survival were analyzed. RESULTS Among the 302 patients (88% women, median age 55 years, median follow-up 75 months), alkaline phosphatase (ALP) levels significantly decreased during treatment with ursodeoxycholic acid (UDCA, P < 0.0001) and obeticholic acid (P < 0.0001). At multivariate analysis, ALP at diagnosis was predictive of 1-year biochemical response to UDCA [odds ratio 3.57, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.4-9, P < 0.001]. Estimated median survival free of liver transplantation and hepatic complications was 30 years (95% CI 19-41). Bilirubin level at diagnosis was the only independent risk factor for the combined outcome of death, transplantation or hepatic decompensation (hazard ratio, 1.65, 95% CI 1.66-2.56, P = 0.02). Patients presenting with total bilirubin at diagnosis ≥0.6 times the upper normal limit (ULN) had a significantly lower 10-year survival compared to those with bilirubin <0.6 times ULN (63% vs. 97%, P < 0.0001). CONCLUSION In PBC, both short-term response to UDCA and long-term survival can be predicted by simple conventional biomarkers of disease severity, obtained at diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristina Rigamonti
- Department of Translational Medicine, Università del Piemonte Orientale, Division of Internal Medicine, AOU Maggiore della Carità, Novara
| | - Carla De Benedittis
- Department of Translational Medicine, Università del Piemonte Orientale, Division of Internal Medicine, AOU Maggiore della Carità, Novara
| | - Sara Labanca
- Gastroenterology Unit, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Genoa, IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genoa
| | - Ester Vanni
- SC Gastroenterology, AOU Città della Salute e della Scienza, Turin
| | - Anna Morgando
- SC Gastroenterology, AOU Città della Salute e della Scienza, Turin
| | - Giulia Francesca Manfredi
- Department of Translational Medicine, Università del Piemonte Orientale, Division of Internal Medicine, AOU Maggiore della Carità, Novara
| | - Danila Azzolina
- Department of Environment and Prevention Sciences, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Micol Giulia Cittone
- Department of Translational Medicine, Università del Piemonte Orientale, Division of Internal Medicine, AOU Maggiore della Carità, Novara
| | - Edoardo Giovanni Giannini
- Gastroenterology Unit, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Genoa, IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genoa
| | | | - Mario Pirisi
- Department of Translational Medicine, Università del Piemonte Orientale, Division of Internal Medicine, AOU Maggiore della Carità, Novara
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Bao N, Fu B, Zhong X, Jia S, Ren Z, Wang H, Wang W, Shi H, Li J, Ge F, Chang Q, Gong Y, Liu W, Qiu F, Xu S, Li T. Role of the CXCR6/CXCL16 axis in autoimmune diseases. Int Immunopharmacol 2023; 121:110530. [PMID: 37348231 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2023.110530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2023] [Revised: 06/01/2023] [Accepted: 06/15/2023] [Indexed: 06/24/2023]
Abstract
The C-X-C motif ligand 16, or CXCL16, is a chemokine that belongs to the ELR - CXC subfamily. Its function is to bind to the chemokine receptor CXCR6, which is a G protein-coupled receptor with 7 transmembrane domains. The CXCR6/CXCL16 axis has been linked to the development of numerous autoimmune diseases and is connected to clinical parameters that reflect disease severity, activity, and prognosis in conditions such as multiple sclerosis, autoimmune hepatitis, rheumatoid arthritis, Crohn's disease, and psoriasis. CXCL16 is expressed in various immune cells, such as dendritic cells, monocytes, macrophages, and B cells. During autoimmune diseases, CXCL16 can facilitate the adhesion of immune cells like monocytes, T cells, NKT cells, and others to endothelial cells and dendritic cells. Additionally, sCXCL16 can regulate the migration of CXCR6-expressing leukocytes, which includes CD8+ T cells, CD4+ T cells, NK cells, constant natural killer T cells, plasma cells, and monocytes. Further investigation is required to comprehend the intricate interactions between chemokines and the pathogenesis of autoimmune diseases. It remains to be seen whether the CXCR6/CXCL16 axis represents a new target for the treatment of these conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nandi Bao
- Senior Department of Cardiology, The Sixth Medical Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Bo Fu
- Department of Nephrology, First Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China; State Key Laboratory of Kidney Diseases, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaoling Zhong
- Department of neurology, School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China; Department of neurology, The Sixth Medical Center of PLA General Hospital of Beijing, Beijing, China
| | - Shuangshuang Jia
- Department of neurology, The Sixth Medical Center of PLA General Hospital of Beijing, Beijing, China; Navy Clinical College, the Fifth School of Clinical Medicine, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Zhuangzhuang Ren
- Navy Clinical College, the Fifth School of Clinical Medicine, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Haoran Wang
- Department of Nephrology, First Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China; State Key Laboratory of Kidney Diseases, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Weihua Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Second Medical Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China; National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Diseases, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Hui Shi
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Second Medical Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China; National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Diseases, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Jun Li
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Second Medical Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China; National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Diseases, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Fulin Ge
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Second Medical Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China; National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Diseases, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Qing Chang
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Second Medical Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China; National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Diseases, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Yuan Gong
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Second Medical Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China; National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Diseases, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Wenhui Liu
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Second Medical Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China; National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Diseases, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Feng Qiu
- Senior Department of Neurology, The First Medical Center of PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China.
| | - Shiping Xu
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Second Medical Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China; National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Diseases, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China.
| | - Tingting Li
- State Key Laboratory of Kidney Diseases, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China; Department of Gastroenterology, The Second Medical Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China; National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Diseases, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China.
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27
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de Castro MV, Silva MVR, Oliveira LDM, Gozzi-Silva SC, Naslavsky MS, Scliar MO, Magalhães ML, da Rocha KM, Nunes K, Castelli EC, Magawa JY, Santos KS, Cunha-Neto E, Sato MN, Zatz M. Immunological evaluation of young unvaccinated patients with Turner syndrome after COVID-19. Int J Infect Dis 2023; 129:207-215. [PMID: 36758851 PMCID: PMC9905041 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijid.2023.01.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2022] [Revised: 12/27/2022] [Accepted: 01/29/2023] [Indexed: 02/10/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The X-chromosome contains the largest number of immune-related genes, which play a major role in COVID-19 symptomatology and susceptibility. Here, we had a unique opportunity to investigate, for the first time, COVID-19 outcomes in six unvaccinated young Brazilian patients with Turner syndrome (TS; 45, X0), including one case of critical illness in a child aged 10 years, to evaluate their immune response according to their genetic profile. METHODS A serological analysis of humoral immune response against SARS-CoV-2, phenotypic characterization of antiviral responses in peripheral blood mononuclear cells after stimuli, and the production of cytotoxic cytokines of T lymphocytes and natural killer cells were performed in blood samples collected from the patients with TS during the convalescence period. Whole exome sequencing was also performed. RESULTS Our volunteers with TS showed a delayed or insufficient humoral immune response to SARS-CoV-2 (particularly immunoglobulin G) and a decrease in interferon-γ production by cluster of differentiation (CD)4+ and CD8+ T lymphocytes after stimulation with toll-like receptors 7/8 agonists. In contrast, we observed a higher cytotoxic activity in the volunteers with TS than the volunteers without TS after phorbol myristate acetate/ionomycin stimulation, particularly granzyme B and perforin by CD8+ and natural killer cells. Interestingly, two volunteers with TS carry rare genetic variants in genes that regulate type I and III interferon immunity. CONCLUSION Following previous reports in the literature for other conditions, our data showed that patients with TS may have an impaired immune response against SARS-CoV-2. Furthermore, other medical conditions associated with TS could make them more vulnerable to COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mateus V de Castro
- Human Genome and Stem Cell Research Center, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.
| | - Monize V R Silva
- Human Genome and Stem Cell Research Center, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Luana de M Oliveira
- Laboratório de Investigação em Dermatologia e Imunodeficiências, LIM 56, Instituto de Medicina Tropical, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, (HCFMUSP), São Paulo, Brazil; Departamento de Dermatologia, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil; Departamento de Imunologia, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Sarah C Gozzi-Silva
- Laboratório de Investigação em Dermatologia e Imunodeficiências, LIM 56, Instituto de Medicina Tropical, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, (HCFMUSP), São Paulo, Brazil; Departamento de Imunologia, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Michel S Naslavsky
- Human Genome and Stem Cell Research Center, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil; Department of Genetics and Evolutionary Biology, Biosciences Institute, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Marilia O Scliar
- Human Genome and Stem Cell Research Center, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil; Department of Genetics and Evolutionary Biology, Biosciences Institute, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Monize L Magalhães
- Human Genome and Stem Cell Research Center, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil; Department of Genetics and Evolutionary Biology, Biosciences Institute, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Katia M da Rocha
- Human Genome and Stem Cell Research Center, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil; Department of Genetics and Evolutionary Biology, Biosciences Institute, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Kelly Nunes
- Human Genome and Stem Cell Research Center, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil; Department of Genetics and Evolutionary Biology, Biosciences Institute, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Erick C Castelli
- School of Medicine, Universidade Estadual Paulista, Botucatu, Brasil
| | - Jhosiene Y Magawa
- Laboratório de Imunologia, Instituto do Coração (InCor), LIM19, Hospital das Clínicas da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, (HCFMUSP), São Paulo, Brazil; Instituto de Investigação em Imunologia - Instituto Nacional de Ciências e Tecnologia-iii-INCT, São Paulo, Brazil; Departamento de Clínica Médica, Disciplina de Alergia e Imunologia Clínica, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Keity S Santos
- Laboratório de Imunologia, Instituto do Coração (InCor), LIM19, Hospital das Clínicas da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, (HCFMUSP), São Paulo, Brazil; Instituto de Investigação em Imunologia - Instituto Nacional de Ciências e Tecnologia-iii-INCT, São Paulo, Brazil; Departamento de Clínica Médica, Disciplina de Alergia e Imunologia Clínica, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Edecio Cunha-Neto
- Instituto de Investigação em Imunologia - Instituto Nacional de Ciências e Tecnologia-iii-INCT, São Paulo, Brazil; Departamento de Clínica Médica, Disciplina de Alergia e Imunologia Clínica, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Maria N Sato
- Laboratório de Investigação em Dermatologia e Imunodeficiências, LIM 56, Instituto de Medicina Tropical, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, (HCFMUSP), São Paulo, Brazil; Departamento de Dermatologia, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Mayana Zatz
- Human Genome and Stem Cell Research Center, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil; Department of Genetics and Evolutionary Biology, Biosciences Institute, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
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Suarez LM, Diaz-Del Cerro E, Felix J, Gonzalez-Sanchez M, Ceprian N, Guerra-Perez N, G Novelle M, Martinez de Toda I, De la Fuente M. Sex differences in neuroimmunoendocrine communication. Involvement on longevity. Mech Ageing Dev 2023; 211:111798. [PMID: 36907251 DOI: 10.1016/j.mad.2023.111798] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2022] [Revised: 03/07/2023] [Accepted: 03/07/2023] [Indexed: 03/13/2023]
Abstract
Endocrine, nervous, and immune systems work coordinately to maintain the global homeostasis of the organism. They show sex differences in their functions that, in turn, contribute to sex differences beyond reproductive function. Females display a better control of the energetic metabolism and improved neuroprotection and have more antioxidant defenses and a better inflammatory status than males, which is associated with a more robust immune response than that of males. These differences are present from the early stages of life, being more relevant in adulthood and influencing the aging trajectory in each sex and may contribute to the different life lifespan between sexes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luz M Suarez
- Department of Genetics, Physiology, and Microbiology (Unit of Animal Physiology), Faculty of Biology, Complutense University, Madrid, Spain.
| | - Estefania Diaz-Del Cerro
- Department of Genetics, Physiology, and Microbiology (Unit of Animal Physiology), Faculty of Biology, Complutense University, Madrid, Spain; Institute of Investigation Hospital 12 Octubre (imas12), Madrid, Spain
| | - Judith Felix
- Department of Genetics, Physiology, and Microbiology (Unit of Animal Physiology), Faculty of Biology, Complutense University, Madrid, Spain; Institute of Investigation Hospital 12 Octubre (imas12), Madrid, Spain
| | - Monica Gonzalez-Sanchez
- Department of Genetics, Physiology, and Microbiology (Unit of Animal Physiology), Faculty of Biology, Complutense University, Madrid, Spain; Institute of Investigation Hospital 12 Octubre (imas12), Madrid, Spain
| | - Noemi Ceprian
- Department of Genetics, Physiology, and Microbiology (Unit of Animal Physiology), Faculty of Biology, Complutense University, Madrid, Spain; Institute of Investigation Hospital 12 Octubre (imas12), Madrid, Spain
| | - Natalia Guerra-Perez
- Department of Genetics, Physiology, and Microbiology (Unit of Animal Physiology), Faculty of Biology, Complutense University, Madrid, Spain; Institute of Investigation Hospital 12 Octubre (imas12), Madrid, Spain
| | - Marta G Novelle
- Department of Genetics, Physiology, and Microbiology (Unit of Animal Physiology), Faculty of Biology, Complutense University, Madrid, Spain
| | - Irene Martinez de Toda
- Department of Genetics, Physiology, and Microbiology (Unit of Animal Physiology), Faculty of Biology, Complutense University, Madrid, Spain; Institute of Investigation Hospital 12 Octubre (imas12), Madrid, Spain
| | - Monica De la Fuente
- Department of Genetics, Physiology, and Microbiology (Unit of Animal Physiology), Faculty of Biology, Complutense University, Madrid, Spain; Institute of Investigation Hospital 12 Octubre (imas12), Madrid, Spain.
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Majumder A, Brooks WH. Graves’ Disease in a Young Patient With Turner’s Syndrome: The Genetic Association. Cureus 2023; 15:e35593. [PMID: 37007385 PMCID: PMC10062676 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.35593] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/27/2023] [Indexed: 03/06/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Autoimmune diseases occur more often in females, suggesting a key role for the X chromosome. Curiously, individuals with Turner syndrome (TS), with fewer copies of X-linked genes, are prone to develop autoimmune conditions. Hashimoto's thyroiditis (HT) is described with a relatively high frequency in patients with TS while the association with Graves' disease (GD) is rare. Here we report a rare case of TS with GD in a young patient. METHOD A 14-year-old girl presented with hyperthyroid symptoms and eye signs that developed over the past six months. She had somatic stigmata of TS. TS was diagnosed by karyotyping (45,XO/46,XX del Xq22) and GD was diagnosed by a thyroid function test and the presence of autoantibodies. She was treated effectively with carbimazole for GD. Estrogen replacement therapy was also initiated to induce the development of secondary sex characteristics. CONCLUSION X chromosome inactivation, an epigenetic process that establishes and maintains dosage compensation of X-linked genes, is especially vulnerable to disruption and may contribute to an autoimmune disease process. The occurrence of autoimmune diseases in patients with TS is discussed with regard to possible abnormalities in X-linked dosage compensation.
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30
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Gallo D, Baci D, Kustrimovic N, Lanzo N, Patera B, Tanda ML, Piantanida E, Mortara L. How Does Vitamin D Affect Immune Cells Crosstalk in Autoimmune Diseases? Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24054689. [PMID: 36902117 PMCID: PMC10003699 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24054689] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2023] [Revised: 02/16/2023] [Accepted: 02/25/2023] [Indexed: 03/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Vitamin D is a secosteroid hormone that is highly involved in bone health. Mounting evidence revealed that, in addition to the regulation of mineral metabolism, vitamin D is implicated in cell proliferation and differentiation, vascular and muscular functions, and metabolic health. Since the discovery of vitamin D receptors in T cells, local production of active vitamin D was demonstrated in most immune cells, addressing the interest in the clinical implications of vitamin D status in immune surveillance against infections and autoimmune/inflammatory diseases. T cells, together with B cells, are seen as the main immune cells involved in autoimmune diseases; however, growing interest is currently focused on immune cells of the innate compartment, such as monocytes, macrophages, dendritic cells, and natural killer cells in the initiation phases of autoimmunity. Here we reviewed recent advances in the onset and regulation of Graves' and Hashimoto's thyroiditis, vitiligo, and multiple sclerosis in relation to the role of innate immune cells and their crosstalk with vitamin D and acquired immune cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Gallo
- Endocrine Unit, Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Insubria, ASST dei Sette Laghi, 21100 Varese, Italy
| | - Denisa Baci
- Immunology and General Pathology Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology and Life Sciences, University of Insubria, 21100 Varese, Italy
- Molecular Cardiology Laboratory, IRCCS-Policlinico San Donato, San Donato Milanese, 20097 Milan, Italy
| | - Natasa Kustrimovic
- Center for Translational Research on Autoimmune and Allergic Disease—CAAD, Università del Piemonte Orientale, 28100 Novara, Italy
| | - Nicola Lanzo
- Endocrine Unit, Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Insubria, ASST dei Sette Laghi, 21100 Varese, Italy
| | - Bohdan Patera
- Endocrine Unit, Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Insubria, ASST dei Sette Laghi, 21100 Varese, Italy
| | - Maria Laura Tanda
- Endocrine Unit, Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Insubria, ASST dei Sette Laghi, 21100 Varese, Italy
| | - Eliana Piantanida
- Endocrine Unit, Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Insubria, ASST dei Sette Laghi, 21100 Varese, Italy
| | - Lorenzo Mortara
- Immunology and General Pathology Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology and Life Sciences, University of Insubria, 21100 Varese, Italy
- Correspondence:
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31
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Singh G. Is Chronic Pain as an Autoimmune Disease? Can J Pain 2023. [DOI: 10.1080/24740527.2023.2175205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Gurmit Singh
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
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32
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Padmanabhan RA, Johnson BS, Dhyani AK, Pillai SM, Jayakrishnan K, Laloraya M. Autoimmune regulator (AIRE): Takes a hypoxia-inducing factor 1A (HIF1A) route to regulate FOXP3 expression in PCOS. Am J Reprod Immunol 2023; 89:e13637. [PMID: 36305192 DOI: 10.1111/aji.13637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2022] [Revised: 09/05/2022] [Accepted: 10/03/2022] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
PROBLEM Autoimmune polyendocrinopathy-candidiasis- ectodermal dystrophy (APECED) pathology due to autoimmune regulator (AIRE) gene mutations leads to loss of central tolerance triggering immune attack, a factor causing infertility. One of the targets of autoimmune attack is ovary and its repercussion results in polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS). Although reduced Tregs have been reported in PCOS, a lacunae exists on the status of AIRE gene expression and its role in treg insufficiency via HIF1A-FOXP3 axis in PCOS. METHOD OF STUDY This is a case-control cohort study recruiting 40 normal and 40 PCOS volunteers for peripheral blood sample collection and PCOS diagnoses were based on Rotterdam Consensus criteria. AIRE and HIF1A expression status was analysed by qRT PCR and western blot. FACS analyses was conducted on AIRE silenced peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) after Treg induction. RESULTS Our results indicate a reduced AIRE (fold change log2 (RQ) = -2.6, P < .01) and increased HIF1A (fold change log2 (RQ) = 3.6, P < .02) in PBMCs of PCOS subjects compared to age-matched controls. Western blot of AIRE and HIF1A corroborates with qRT PCR data. Our CHIP data demonstrate AIRE mediated HIF1A promoter regulation. Silencing of AIRE in PBMCs contributes to the upregulation of HIF1A transcripts by two-fold (P < .0015) and downregulation in FOXP3 expression by three-fold (P < .0017). FACS analyses revealed that silencing of AIRE reduces Tcell to Treg conversion. CONCLUSIONS Our consolidated results derive a new connection among AIRE-HIF1A-FOXP3 with AIRE reduction enabling increased HIF1A resulting in reduced FOXP3 in PBMCs of PCOS patients leading to Treg insufficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renjini Ambika Padmanabhan
- Female Reproduction and Metabolic Syndromes Laboratory, Division of Molecular Reproduction, Rajiv Gandhi Centre for Biotechnology, Thycaud PO, Poojappura, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, India
| | - Betcy Susan Johnson
- Female Reproduction and Metabolic Syndromes Laboratory, Division of Molecular Reproduction, Rajiv Gandhi Centre for Biotechnology, Thycaud PO, Poojappura, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, India
| | - Ajay Kumar Dhyani
- Female Reproduction and Metabolic Syndromes Laboratory, Division of Molecular Reproduction, Rajiv Gandhi Centre for Biotechnology, Thycaud PO, Poojappura, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, India
| | - Sathy M Pillai
- SAMAD IVF Hospitals, V. V. Road, Pattoor, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, India
| | - K Jayakrishnan
- KJK Hospital and Fertility Research Centre, Mar Ivanios College Road, Nalanchira, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, India
| | - Malini Laloraya
- Female Reproduction and Metabolic Syndromes Laboratory, Division of Molecular Reproduction, Rajiv Gandhi Centre for Biotechnology, Thycaud PO, Poojappura, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, India
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Tarani L, Ceci FM, Carito V, Ferraguti G, Petrella C, Greco A, Ralli M, Minni A, Spaziani M, Isidori AM, Certo MGD, Barbato C, Putotto C, Fiore M. Neuroimmune Dysregulation in Prepubertal and Adolescent Individuals Affected by Klinefelter Syndrome. Endocr Metab Immune Disord Drug Targets 2023; 23:105-114. [PMID: 35794745 DOI: 10.2174/1871530322666220704101310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2021] [Revised: 03/31/2022] [Accepted: 04/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The syndrome Klinefelter syndrome (KS) is a genetic disorder due to an extra X chromosome in males. Many cases remain undiagnosed until the onset of major manifestations, which include hypergonadotropic hypogonadism and infertility. This condition is associated with many comorbidities that involve the cardiovascular, endocrine, and immune systems. Last but not the least, individuals with KS show a high risk of developing psychiatric and mood disorders in adult age. OBJECTIVE While many studies are accessible on KS in adult individuals, the neuroinflammatory condition in adolescent and prepubertal KS individuals is not fully known. METHODS Our study aims to evaluate in prepubertal and adolescent KS individuals, for the first time, the levels of the serum of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), nerve growth factor (NGF), cytokines having subtle roles in oxidative processes, and neuroinflammation with respect to the levels of TNF-α, TGF-β, MCP-1, IL-1α, IL-2, IL-6, IL-10, and IL-12 and oxidative stress by employing free oxygen radicals defense and free oxygen radicals test. RESULTS We found no changes in NGF and oxidative stress parameters, but BDNF decreased compared to healthy children. Quite interestingly, our data showed reduced levels of IL-2, IL-1α, IL- 12, IL-10, and IL-6 in prepubertal KS children. CONCLUSION The present study discloses disrupted immune system and neurotrophin pathways in KS children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luigi Tarani
- Department of Pediatrics, Sapienza University Hospital of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Flavio Maria Ceci
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Sapienza University Hospital of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Valentina Carito
- Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Section of Neurobiology, National Research Council (IBBC-CNR), Rome, Italy
| | - Giampiero Ferraguti
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Sapienza University Hospital of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Carla Petrella
- Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Section of Neurobiology, National Research Council (IBBC-CNR), Rome, Italy
| | - Antonio Greco
- Department of Sense Organs, Sapienza University Hospital of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Massimo Ralli
- Department of Sense Organs, Sapienza University Hospital of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Antonio Minni
- Department of Sense Organs, Sapienza University Hospital of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Matteo Spaziani
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Section of Medical Pathophysiology, Food Science and Endocrinology, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Andrea M Isidori
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Section of Medical Pathophysiology, Food Science and Endocrinology, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Maria Grazia Di Certo
- Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Section of Neurobiology, National Research Council (IBBC-CNR), Rome, Italy
| | - Christian Barbato
- Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Section of Neurobiology, National Research Council (IBBC-CNR), Rome, Italy
| | - Carolina Putotto
- Department of Pediatrics, Sapienza University Hospital of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Marco Fiore
- Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Section of Neurobiology, National Research Council (IBBC-CNR), Rome, Italy
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Karim QA, Archary D, Barré-Sinoussi F, Broliden K, Cabrera C, Chiodi F, Fidler SJ, Gengiah TN, Herrera C, Kharsany ABM, Liebenberg LJP, Mahomed S, Menu E, Moog C, Scarlatti G, Seddiki N, Sivro A, Cavarelli M. Women for science and science for women: Gaps, challenges and opportunities towards optimizing pre-exposure prophylaxis for HIV-1 prevention. Front Immunol 2022; 13:1055042. [PMID: 36561760 PMCID: PMC9763292 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.1055042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2022] [Accepted: 11/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Preventing new HIV infections remains a global challenge. Young women continue to bear a disproportionate burden of infection. Oral pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP), offers a novel women-initiated prevention technology and PrEP trials completed to date underscore the importance of their inclusion early in trials evaluating new HIV PrEP technologies. Data from completed topical and systemic PrEP trials highlight the role of gender specific physiological and social factors that impact PrEP uptake, adherence and efficacy. Here we review the past and current developments of HIV-1 prevention options for women with special focus on PrEP considering the diverse factors that can impact PrEP efficacy. Furthermore, we highlight the importance of inclusion of female scientists, clinicians, and community advocates in scientific efforts to further improve HIV prevention strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Quarraisha Abdool Karim
- Centre for the AIDS Programme of Research in South Africa (CAPRISA), Doris Duke Medical Research Institute (2Floor), Nelson R Mandela School of Medicine, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa,Department of Epidemiology, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, NY, United States
| | - Derseree Archary
- Centre for the AIDS Programme of Research in South Africa (CAPRISA), Doris Duke Medical Research Institute (2Floor), Nelson R Mandela School of Medicine, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa,Department of Medical Microbiology, School of Laboratory Medicine and Medical Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa
| | | | - Kristina Broliden
- Department of Medicine Solna, Division of Infectious Diseases, Karolinska Institutet, Department of Infectious Diseases, Karolinska University Hospital, Center for Molecular Medicine, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Cecilia Cabrera
- AIDS Research Institute IrsiCaixa, Institut de Recerca en Ciències de la Salut Germans Trias i Pujol (IGTP), Hospital Germans Trias i Pujol, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Francesca Chiodi
- Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Sarah J. Fidler
- Department of Infectious Disease, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London UK and Imperial College NIHR BRC, London, United Kingdom
| | - Tanuja N. Gengiah
- Centre for the AIDS Programme of Research in South Africa (CAPRISA), Doris Duke Medical Research Institute (2Floor), Nelson R Mandela School of Medicine, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa
| | - Carolina Herrera
- Department of Infectious Disease, Section of Virology, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom,*Correspondence: Carolina Herrera,
| | - Ayesha B. M. Kharsany
- Centre for the AIDS Programme of Research in South Africa (CAPRISA), Doris Duke Medical Research Institute (2Floor), Nelson R Mandela School of Medicine, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa,Department of Medical Microbiology, School of Laboratory Medicine and Medical Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa
| | - Lenine J. P. Liebenberg
- Centre for the AIDS Programme of Research in South Africa (CAPRISA), Doris Duke Medical Research Institute (2Floor), Nelson R Mandela School of Medicine, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa,Department of Medical Microbiology, School of Laboratory Medicine and Medical Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa
| | - Sharana Mahomed
- Centre for the AIDS Programme of Research in South Africa (CAPRISA), Doris Duke Medical Research Institute (2Floor), Nelson R Mandela School of Medicine, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa
| | - Elisabeth Menu
- Université Paris-Saclay, Inserm, CEA, Center for Immunology of Viral, Auto-immune, Hematological and Bacterial diseases (IMVA-HB/IDMIT), Fontenay-aux-Roses & Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France,MISTIC Group, Department of Virology, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
| | - Christiane Moog
- Laboratoire d’ImmunoRhumatologie Moléculaire, Institut national de la santé et de la recherche médicale (INSERM) UMR_S 1109, Institut thématique interdisciplinaire (ITI) de Médecine de Précision de Strasbourg, Transplantex NG, Faculté de Médecine, Fédération Hospitalo-Universitaire OMICARE, Fédération de Médecine Translationnelle de Strasbourg (FMTS), Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
| | - Gabriella Scarlatti
- Viral Evolution and Transmission Unit, IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele, Milan, Italy
| | - Nabila Seddiki
- Université Paris-Saclay, Inserm, CEA, Center for Immunology of Viral, Auto-immune, Hematological and Bacterial diseases (IMVA-HB/IDMIT), Fontenay-aux-Roses & Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France
| | - Aida Sivro
- Centre for the AIDS Programme of Research in South Africa (CAPRISA), Doris Duke Medical Research Institute (2Floor), Nelson R Mandela School of Medicine, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa,Department of Medical Microbiology, School of Laboratory Medicine and Medical Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa,JC Wilt Infectious Disease Research Centre, National Microbiology Laboratory, Public Health Agency of Canada, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
| | - Mariangela Cavarelli
- Université Paris-Saclay, Inserm, CEA, Center for Immunology of Viral, Auto-immune, Hematological and Bacterial diseases (IMVA-HB/IDMIT), Fontenay-aux-Roses & Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France
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35
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Abida O, Elloumi N, Bahloul E, Hachicha H, Sellami K, Fakhfakh R, Marzouk S, Ben Ayed I, Mahfoudh N, Turki H, Masmoudi H. Evaluation of X chromosome inactivation in endemic Tunisian pemphigus foliaceus. Mol Genet Genomic Med 2022; 10:e2080. [PMID: 36349750 DOI: 10.1002/mgg3.2080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2021] [Revised: 10/11/2022] [Accepted: 10/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Almost 5% of the world's population develops an autoimmune disease (AID), it is considered the fourth leading cause of disability for women, who represent 78% of cases. The sex ratio when it comes to the most prevalent AID varies from 9:1 in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) to 13:1 in endemic Tunisian pemphigus foliaceus (PF). METHODS To test the potential involvement of skewed x-inactivation in the pathogenesis of Tunisian PF, we analyzed the methylation status of a highly polymorphic CAG repeat in the androgen receptor gene and evaluated the x chromosome inactivation (XCI) patterns in peripheral blood-leukocyte-derived DNA samples of female patients with PF (n = 98) compared to healthy control (HC) subjects (n = 150), as well as female patients with SLE (n = 98) were enrolled as a reference group. RESULTS XCI status was informative for 50 of the 98 PF patients (51%) and 70 of the 150 HC women (47%). Extremely skewed XCI patterns were more frequent in PF and SLEwomen than HC, but the difference was statistically significant only in women with SLE. No statistical difference was observed in XCI patterns between PF and SLE patients. PF phenotype-XCI correlation analysis revealed that (i) skewed XCI patterns may be involved in the disease's subtype and (ii) it was more pronounced in the endemic group than the sporadic one. Furthermore, preferential XCI showed an increase in heterozygote genotypes of PF's susceptibility polymorphisms in immunity-related X genes (FOXP3, AR, and TLR7) in PF patients compared to HC. CONCLUSION Our results suggest that skewed XCI could lead to hemizygosity of X-linked alleles that might unmask X-linked deleterious alleles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olfa Abida
- "Autoimmunity, Cancer and Immunogenetics" Research Laboratory (LR18SP12), Immunology Department, Habib Bourguiba Hospital, University of Sfax, Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Nesrine Elloumi
- "Autoimmunity, Cancer and Immunogenetics" Research Laboratory (LR18SP12), Immunology Department, Habib Bourguiba Hospital, University of Sfax, Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Emna Bahloul
- Dermatology Department, HediChaker Hospital, University of Sfax, Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Hend Hachicha
- "Autoimmunity, Cancer and Immunogenetics" Research Laboratory (LR18SP12), Immunology Department, Habib Bourguiba Hospital, University of Sfax, Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Khadija Sellami
- Dermatology Department, HediChaker Hospital, University of Sfax, Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Raouia Fakhfakh
- "Autoimmunity, Cancer and Immunogenetics" Research Laboratory (LR18SP12), Immunology Department, Habib Bourguiba Hospital, University of Sfax, Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Sameh Marzouk
- Internal Medicine, HediChaker Hospital, University of Sfax, Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Ikhlas Ben Ayed
- Genetic Department, HediChaker Hospital, University of Sfax, Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Nadia Mahfoudh
- Immunology Department, HediChaker Hospital, University of Sfax, Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Hamida Turki
- Dermatology Department, HediChaker Hospital, University of Sfax, Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Hatem Masmoudi
- "Autoimmunity, Cancer and Immunogenetics" Research Laboratory (LR18SP12), Immunology Department, Habib Bourguiba Hospital, University of Sfax, Sfax, Tunisia
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36
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Shaker M, Mansour N, John BV. Primary Biliary Cholangitis in Males: Pathogenesis, Clinical Presentation, and Prognosis. Clin Liver Dis 2022; 26:643-655. [PMID: 36270721 DOI: 10.1016/j.cld.2022.06.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Primary biliary cholangitis (PBC) is an immune-mediated chronic liver disease characterized by progressive cholestasis, bile duct destruction, biliary fibrosis, and cirrhosis. Patients who respond to ursodeoxycholic acid have an expected survival similar to the general population. Although PBC primarily affects females, the prevalence in males is higher than was previously believed, with contemporary studies suggesting a female-to-male ratio of 4-6:1. A diagnosis of PBC is often delayed among males because of the myth that PBC is rare in males.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mina Shaker
- Division of Hepatology, Miami VA Medical Center 1201 NW 16th Street, Miami, FL 33125 USA.
| | - Natalie Mansour
- Division of Hepatology, Miami VA Medical Center 1201 NW 16th Street, Miami, FL 33125 USA
| | - Binu V John
- Division of Hepatology, Miami VA Medical Center 1201 NW 16th Street, Miami, FL 33125 USA; Department of Medicine, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
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37
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Chen R, Tang R, Ma X, Gershwin ME. Immunologic Responses and the Pathophysiology of Primary Biliary Cholangitis. Clin Liver Dis 2022; 26:583-611. [PMID: 36270718 DOI: 10.1016/j.cld.2022.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Primary biliary cholangitis (PBC) is an autoimmune liver disease with a female predisposition and selective destruction of intrahepatic small bile ducts leading to nonsuppurative destructive cholangitis. It is characterized by seropositivity of antimitochondrial antibodies or PBC-specific antinuclear antibodies, progressive cholestasis, and typical liver histologic manifestations. Destruction of the protective bicarbonate-rich umbrella is attributed to the decreased expression of membrane transporters in biliary epithelial cells (BECs), leading to the accumulation of hydrophobic bile acids and sensitizing BECs to apoptosis. A recent X-wide association study reveals a novel risk locus on the X chromosome, which reiterates the importance of Treg cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruiling Chen
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Key Laboratory of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Ministry of Health, State Key Laboratory for Oncogenes and Related Genes, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai JiaoTong University, Shanghai Institute of Digestive Disease, 145 Middle Shandong Road, Shanghai, China
| | - Ruqi Tang
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Key Laboratory of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Ministry of Health, State Key Laboratory for Oncogenes and Related Genes, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai JiaoTong University, Shanghai Institute of Digestive Disease, 145 Middle Shandong Road, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiong Ma
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Key Laboratory of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Ministry of Health, State Key Laboratory for Oncogenes and Related Genes, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai JiaoTong University, Shanghai Institute of Digestive Disease, 145 Middle Shandong Road, Shanghai, China.
| | - M Eric Gershwin
- Division of Rheumatology-Allergy and Clinical Immunology, University of California at Davis, 451 Health Sciences Drive, Suite 6510, Davis, CA 95616, USA.
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38
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Investigation of comorbid autoimmune diseases in women with autoimmune bullous diseases: An interplay of autoimmunity and practical implications. Int J Womens Dermatol 2022; 8:e053. [PMID: 36225612 PMCID: PMC9543088 DOI: 10.1097/jw9.0000000000000053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2022] [Accepted: 08/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Autoimmune bullous diseases are a group of skin disorders resulting from an autoimmune reaction against intercellular adhesion molecules or components of the basement membrane of skin and mucosa. Autoimmune disorders often occur in patients with a history of another autoimmune disease and most autoimmune diseases have a striking female predominance. In this review, we aim to analyze the different associations of autoimmune bullous diseases with other autoimmune diseases and highlight the distinctiveness of the female gender in these associations.
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Liu J, Sato Y, Falcone-Juengert J, Kurisu K, Shi J, Yenari MA. Sexual dimorphism in immune cell responses following stroke. Neurobiol Dis 2022; 172:105836. [PMID: 35932990 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbd.2022.105836] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2022] [Revised: 07/11/2022] [Accepted: 07/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent bodies of work in regard to stroke have revealed significant sex differences in terms of risk and outcome. While differences in sex hormones have been the focus of earlier research, the reasons for these differences are much more complex and require further identification. This review covers differences in sex related immune responses with a focus on differences in immune cell composition and function. While females are more susceptible to immune related diseases, they seem to have better outcomes from stroke at the experimental level with reduced pro-inflammatory responses. However, at the clinical level, the picture is much more complex with worse neurological outcomes from stroke. While the use of exogenous sex steroids can replicate some of these findings, it is apparent that many other factors are involved in the modulation of immune responses. As a result, more research is needed to better understand these differences and identify appropriate interventions and risk modification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jialing Liu
- Dept Neurosurgery, UCSF and SF VAMC, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Yoshimichi Sato
- Dept Neurosurgery, UCSF and SF VAMC, San Francisco, CA, USA; Dept Neurosurgery, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | | | - Kota Kurisu
- Dept Neurosurgery, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Jian Shi
- Dept Neurology, UCSF and SF VAMC, San Francisco, CA, USA
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40
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Brown CM, Wong Q, Thakur A, Singh K, Singh RS. Origin of Sex-Biased Mental Disorders: Do Males and Females Experience Different Selective Regimes? J Mol Evol 2022; 90:401-417. [PMID: 36097083 DOI: 10.1007/s00239-022-10072-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2022] [Accepted: 08/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
The origins of sex-biased differences in disease and health are of growing interest to both medical researchers and health professionals. Several major factors have been identified that affect sex differences in incidence of diseases and mental disorders. These are: sex chromosomes, sex hormones and female immunity, sexual selection and antagonistic evolution, and differential susceptibility of sexes to environmental factors. These factors work on different time scales and are not exclusive of each other. Recently, a combined Sexual Selection-Sex Hormones (SS-SH) Theory was presented as an evolutionary mechanism to explain sex-biased differences in diseases and mental disorders (Singh in J Mol Evol 89:195-213, 2021). In that paper disease prevalence trends were investigated, and non-sex-specific diseases were hypothesized to be more common in males than in females in general. They showed signs of exceptions to this trend with inflammatory diseases and stress-related mental disorders that were more common in females. We believe that the SS-SH theory requires the consideration of psycho-social stress (PSS) to explain the predominance of female-biased mental disorders and some other exceptions in their findings. Here we present a theory of sex-differential experience of PSS and provide quantitative support for the combined SS-SH-PSS Theory using age-standardized incidence rates (ASIRs) recording the levels of male- and female-bias in data obtained from different countries. The grand theory provides an evolutionary framework for explaining patterns of sex-biased trends in the prevalence of disease and health. Further exploration of women's vulnerability to social factors may help to facilitate new treatments for female-biased diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Queenie Wong
- Department of Biology, McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada
| | - Aditi Thakur
- Department of Biology, McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada
| | - Karun Singh
- Krembil Research Institute, University Health Network and Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Rama S Singh
- Department of Biology, McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada.
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41
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Pallier PN, Ferrara M, Romagnolo F, Ferretti MT, Soreq H, Cerase A. Chromosomal and environmental contributions to sex differences in the vulnerability to neurological and neuropsychiatric disorders: Implications for therapeutic interventions. Prog Neurobiol 2022; 219:102353. [PMID: 36100191 DOI: 10.1016/j.pneurobio.2022.102353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2022] [Revised: 08/22/2022] [Accepted: 09/06/2022] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
Abstract
Neurological and neuropsychiatric disorders affect men and women differently. Multiple sclerosis, Alzheimer's disease, anxiety disorders, depression, meningiomas and late-onset schizophrenia affect women more frequently than men. By contrast, Parkinson's disease, autism spectrum condition, attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder, Tourette's syndrome, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis and early-onset schizophrenia are more prevalent in men. Women have been historically under-recruited or excluded from clinical trials, and most basic research uses male rodent cells or animals as disease models, rarely studying both sexes and factoring sex as a potential source of variation, resulting in a poor understanding of the underlying biological reasons for sex and gender differences in the development of such diseases. Putative pathophysiological contributors include hormones and epigenetics regulators but additional biological and non-biological influences may be at play. We review here the evidence for the underpinning role of the sex chromosome complement, X chromosome inactivation, and environmental and epigenetic regulators in sex differences in the vulnerability to brain disease. We conclude that there is a pressing need for a better understanding of the genetic, epigenetic and environmental mechanisms sustaining sex differences in such diseases, which is critical for developing a precision medicine approach based on sex-tailored prevention and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick N Pallier
- Blizard Institute, Centre for Neuroscience, Surgery and Trauma, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London E1 2AT, UK.
| | - Maria Ferrara
- Institute of Psychiatry, Department of Neuroscience and Rehabilitation, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy; Department of Psychiatry, Yale University, School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, United States; Women's Brain Project (WBP), Switzerland
| | - Francesca Romagnolo
- Institute of Psychiatry, Department of Neuroscience and Rehabilitation, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | | | - Hermona Soreq
- The Edmond and Lily Safra Center of Brain Science, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, 9190401, Israel
| | - Andrea Cerase
- EMBL-Rome, Via Ramarini 32, 00015 Monterotondo, RM, Italy; Blizard Institute, Centre for Genomics and Child Health, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London E1 2AT, UK; Department of Biology, University of Pisa, SS12 Abetone e Brennero 4, 56127 Pisa, Italy.
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42
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Chelikani V, Rao DN, Balmuri S, Arida AK. A Rare Case of Hashimoto’s Encephalopathy With Mosaic Turner Syndrome. Cureus 2022; 14:e28215. [PMID: 36158323 PMCID: PMC9485009 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.28215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Mosaicism in Turner syndrome (TS) is a 20%-30% occurrence, with 45, X plus at least another cell line. The haploinsufficiency of the X chromosome is usually responsible for the higher risk of autoimmunity in TS, exhibiting mainly as thyroiditis, type 1 diabetes, etc. Though Hashimoto’s thyroiditis is commonly seen in patients with TS, the concurrence of encephalopathy in these patients is significantly rare and has not been reported. We present a case of a young female with mosaic TS who presented with altered mental status. The initial workup was negative for stroke and pulmonary embolism and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) analysis did not show any infectious etiology. Thyroid peroxidase (TPO) antibodies (Abs) and thyroglobulin Abs were elevated. As the patient’s mental status deteriorated, there was a concern for Hashimoto’s encephalopathy (HE), hence the patient was started on high-dose IV steroids. Within 24 hours, the patient responded to the IV steroids and an improvement in mentation was noted. HE is a rare immune-mediated disorder, characterized by impaired brain function. The onset of which can be rapid or slowly developing over the course of many years but responds effectively to steroids. Turner syndrome is associated with a high incidence of autoimmune disorders, thus in the setting of a negative workup for more obvious causes, HE should be a consideration when encountered in a clinical scenario.
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43
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Nytrova P, Dolezal O. Sex bias in multiple sclerosis and neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorders: How it influences clinical course, MRI parameters and prognosis. Front Immunol 2022; 13:933415. [PMID: 36016923 PMCID: PMC9396644 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.933415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2022] [Accepted: 07/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
This review is a condensed summary of representative articles addressing the sex/gender bias in multiple sclerosis (MS) and neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorders (NMOSD). The strong effects of sex on the incidence and possibly also the activity and progression of these disorders should be implemented in the evaluation of any phase of clinical research and also in treatment choice consideration in clinical practice and evaluation of MRI parameters. Some relationships between clinical variables and gender still remain elusive but with further understanding of sex/gender-related differences, we should be able to provide appropriate patient-centered care and research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Petra Nytrova
- Department of Neurology and Centre of Clinical Neuroscience, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University in Prague and General University Hospital, Prague, Czechia
- *Correspondence: Petra Nytrova,
| | - Ondrej Dolezal
- Department of Neurology, Dumfries and Galloway Royal Infirmary, NHS Scotland, Dumfries, United Kingdom
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44
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Diem L, Hammer H, Hoepner R, Pistor M, Remlinger J, Salmen A. Sex and gender differences in autoimmune demyelinating CNS disorders: Multiple sclerosis (MS), neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder (NMOSD) and myelin-oligodendrocyte-glycoprotein antibody associated disorder (MOGAD). INTERNATIONAL REVIEW OF NEUROBIOLOGY 2022; 164:129-178. [PMID: 36038203 DOI: 10.1016/bs.irn.2022.06.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Multiple sclerosis (MS), Neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder (NMOSD) and Myelin-Oligodendrocyte-Glycoprotein antibody associated disorder (MOGAD) are demyelinating disorders of the central nervous system (CNS) of autoimmune origin. Here, we summarize general considerations on sex-specific differences in the immunopathogenesis and hormonal influences as well as key clinical and epidemiological elements. Gender-specific issues are widely neglected starting with the lacking separation of sex as a biological variable and gender comprising the sociocultural components. As for other autoimmune diseases, female preponderance is common in MS and NMOSD. However, sex distribution in MOGAD seems equal. As in MS, immunotherapy in NMOSD and MOGAD is crucial to prevent further disease activity. Therefore, we assessed data on sex differences of the currently licensed disease-modifying treatments for efficacy and safety. This topic seems widely neglected with only fragmented information resulting from post-hoc analyses of clinical trials or real-world post-marketing studies afflicted with lacking power and/or inherent sources of bias. In summary, biological hypotheses of sex differences including genetic factors, the constitution of the immune system and hormonal influences are based upon human and preclinical data, especially for the paradigmatic disease of MS whereas specific data for NMOSD and MOGAD are widely lacking. Epidemiological and clinical differences between men and women are well described for MS and to some extent for NMOSD, yet, with remaining contradictory findings. MOGAD needs further detailed investigation. Sex-specific analyses of safety and efficacy of long-term immunotherapies need to be addressed in future studies designed and powered to answer the pressing questions and to optimize and individualize treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lara Diem
- Department of Neurology, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital and University of Bern, Freiburgstrasse, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Helly Hammer
- Department of Neurology, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital and University of Bern, Freiburgstrasse, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Robert Hoepner
- Department of Neurology, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital and University of Bern, Freiburgstrasse, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Max Pistor
- Department of Neurology, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital and University of Bern, Freiburgstrasse, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Jana Remlinger
- Department of Neurology, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital and University of Bern, Freiburgstrasse, Bern, Switzerland; Department of Biomedical Research and Graduate School for Cellular and Biomedical Sciences, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Anke Salmen
- Department of Neurology, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital and University of Bern, Freiburgstrasse, Bern, Switzerland.
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45
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Chernov AV, Shubayev VI. Sexually dimorphic transcriptional programs of early-phase response in regenerating peripheral nerves. Front Mol Neurosci 2022; 15:958568. [PMID: 35983069 PMCID: PMC9378824 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2022.958568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2022] [Accepted: 07/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The convergence of transcriptional and epigenetic changes in the peripheral nervous system (PNS) reshapes the spatiotemporal gene expression landscape in response to nerve transection. The control of these molecular programs exhibits sexually dimorphic characteristics that remain not sufficiently characterized. In the present study, we recorded genome-wide and sex-dependent early-phase transcriptional changes in regenerating (proximal) sciatic nerve 24 h after axotomy. Male nerves exhibited more extensive transcriptional changes with male-dominant upregulation of cytoskeletal binding and structural protein genes. Regulation of mRNAs encoding ion and ionotropic neurotransmitter channels displayed prominent sexual dimorphism consistent with sex-specific mRNA axonal transport in an early-phase regenerative response. Protein kinases and axonal transport genes showed sexually dimorphic regulation. Genes encoding components of synaptic vesicles were at high baseline expression in females and showed post-injury induction selectively in males. Predictive bioinformatic analyses established patterns of sexually dimorphic regulation of neurotrophic and immune genes, including activation of glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor Gfra1 receptor and immune checkpoint cyclin D1 (Ccnd1) potentially linked to X-chromosome encoded tissue inhibitor of matrix metallo proteinases 1 (Timp1). Regulatory networks involving Olig1, Pou3f3/Oct6, Myrf, and Myt1l transcription factors were linked to sex-dependent reprogramming in regenerating nerves. Differential expression patterns of non-coding RNAs motivate a model of sexually dimorphic nerve regenerative responses to injury determined by epigenetic factors. Combined with our findings in the corresponding dorsal root ganglia (DRG), unique early-phase sex-specific molecular triggers could enrich the mechanistic understanding of peripheral neuropathies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrei V. Chernov
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, CA, United States
- VA San Diego Healthcare System, San Diego, CA, United States
- *Correspondence: Andrei V. Chernov,
| | - Veronica I. Shubayev
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, CA, United States
- VA San Diego Healthcare System, San Diego, CA, United States
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46
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Turner syndrome is the most common sex chromosome abnormality in female individuals, affecting 1/2000-1/2500 female newborns. Despite the high incidence of this condition, the mechanisms underlying the development of multiorgan dysfunction have not been elucidated. RECENT FINDINGS Clinical features involve multiple organ systems and include short stature, dysmorphic facial features, delayed puberty and gonadal failure, cardiac and renal abnormalities, audiologic abnormalities, and a high prevalence of endocrine and autoimmune disorders. Paucity of available genotype/phenotype correlation limits the ability of clinicians to provide accurate guidance and management. Given the advent of robust genetic testing and analysis platforms, developments in the genetic basis of disease are materializing at a rapid pace. SUMMARY The objective of this review is to highlight the recent advances in knowledge and to provide a framework with which to apply new data to the foundational understanding of the condition.
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47
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Eissman JM, Dumitrescu L, Mahoney ER, Smith AN, Mukherjee S, Lee ML, Scollard P, Choi SE, Bush WS, Engelman CD, Lu Q, Fardo DW, Trittschuh EH, Mez J, Kaczorowski CC, Hernandez Saucedo H, Widaman KF, Buckley RF, Properzi MJ, Mormino EC, Yang HS, Harrison TM, Hedden T, Nho K, Andrews SJ, Tommet D, Hadad N, Sanders RE, Ruderfer DM, Gifford KA, Zhong X, Raghavan NS, Vardarajan BN, Pericak-Vance MA, Farrer LA, Wang LS, Cruchaga C, Schellenberg GD, Cox NJ, Haines JL, Keene CD, Saykin AJ, Larson EB, Sperling RA, Mayeux R, Cuccaro ML, Bennett DA, Schneider JA, Crane PK, Jefferson AL, Hohman TJ. Sex differences in the genetic architecture of cognitive resilience to Alzheimer's disease. Brain 2022; 145:2541-2554. [PMID: 35552371 PMCID: PMC9337804 DOI: 10.1093/brain/awac177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2021] [Revised: 04/07/2022] [Accepted: 04/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Approximately 30% of elderly adults are cognitively unimpaired at time of death despite the presence of Alzheimer's disease neuropathology at autopsy. Studying individuals who are resilient to the cognitive consequences of Alzheimer's disease neuropathology may uncover novel therapeutic targets to treat Alzheimer's disease. It is well established that there are sex differences in response to Alzheimer's disease pathology, and growing evidence suggests that genetic factors may contribute to these differences. Taken together, we sought to elucidate sex-specific genetic drivers of resilience. We extended our recent large scale genomic analysis of resilience in which we harmonized cognitive data across four cohorts of cognitive ageing, in vivo amyloid PET across two cohorts, and autopsy measures of amyloid neuritic plaque burden across two cohorts. These data were leveraged to build robust, continuous resilience phenotypes. With these phenotypes, we performed sex-stratified [n (males) = 2093, n (females) = 2931] and sex-interaction [n (both sexes) = 5024] genome-wide association studies (GWAS), gene and pathway-based tests, and genetic correlation analyses to clarify the variants, genes and molecular pathways that relate to resilience in a sex-specific manner. Estimated among cognitively normal individuals of both sexes, resilience was 20-25% heritable, and when estimated in either sex among cognitively normal individuals, resilience was 15-44% heritable. In our GWAS, we identified a female-specific locus on chromosome 10 [rs827389, β (females) = 0.08, P (females) = 5.76 × 10-09, β (males) = -0.01, P(males) = 0.70, β (interaction) = 0.09, P (interaction) = 1.01 × 10-04] in which the minor allele was associated with higher resilience scores among females. This locus is located within chromatin loops that interact with promoters of genes involved in RNA processing, including GATA3. Finally, our genetic correlation analyses revealed shared genetic architecture between resilience phenotypes and other complex traits, including a female-specific association with frontotemporal dementia and male-specific associations with heart rate variability traits. We also observed opposing associations between sexes for multiple sclerosis, such that more resilient females had a lower genetic susceptibility to multiple sclerosis, and more resilient males had a higher genetic susceptibility to multiple sclerosis. Overall, we identified sex differences in the genetic architecture of resilience, identified a female-specific resilience locus and highlighted numerous sex-specific molecular pathways that may underly resilience to Alzheimer's disease pathology. This study illustrates the need to conduct sex-aware genomic analyses to identify novel targets that are unidentified in sex-agnostic models. Our findings support the theory that the most successful treatment for an individual with Alzheimer's disease may be personalized based on their biological sex and genetic context.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaclyn M Eissman
- Vanderbilt Memory and Alzheimer's Center, Vanderbilt University Medical
Center, Nashville, TN, USA
- Vanderbilt Genetics Institute, Vanderbilt University Medical
Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Logan Dumitrescu
- Vanderbilt Memory and Alzheimer's Center, Vanderbilt University Medical
Center, Nashville, TN, USA
- Vanderbilt Genetics Institute, Vanderbilt University Medical
Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Emily R Mahoney
- Vanderbilt Memory and Alzheimer's Center, Vanderbilt University Medical
Center, Nashville, TN, USA
- Vanderbilt Genetics Institute, Vanderbilt University Medical
Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Alexandra N Smith
- Vanderbilt Memory and Alzheimer's Center, Vanderbilt University Medical
Center, Nashville, TN, USA
- Vanderbilt Genetics Institute, Vanderbilt University Medical
Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | | | - Michael L Lee
- Department of Medicine, University of Washington,
Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Phoebe Scollard
- Department of Medicine, University of Washington,
Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Seo Eun Choi
- Department of Medicine, University of Washington,
Seattle, WA, USA
| | - William S Bush
- Cleveland Institute for Computational Biology, Department of Population and
Quantitative Health Sciences, Case Western Reserve University,
Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Corinne D Engelman
- Department of Population Health Sciences, School of Medicine and Public
Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison,
WI, USA
| | - Qiongshi Lu
- Department of Statistics, University of Wisconsin-Madison,
Madison, WI, USA
- Department of Biostatistics and Medical Informatics, University of
Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - David W Fardo
- Department of Biostatistics, College of Public Health, University of
Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
- Sanders-Brown Center on Aging, University of Kentucky,
Lexington, KY, USA
| | - Emily H Trittschuh
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Washington
School of Medicine, Seattle, WA, USA
- VA Puget Sound Health Care System, GRECC, Seattle,
WA, USA
| | - Jesse Mez
- Department of Neurology, Boston University School of
Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | | | - Hector Hernandez Saucedo
- UC Davis Alzheimer's Disease Research Center, Department of Neurology,
University of California Davis Medical Center, Sacramento,
CA, USA
| | | | - Rachel F Buckley
- Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital/Harvard Medical
School, Boston, MA, USA
- Center for Alzheimer's Research and Treatment, Department of Neurology,
Brigham and Women’s Hospital/Harvard Medical School, Boston,
MA, USA
- Melbourne School of Psychological Sciences, University of
Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Michael J Properzi
- Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital/Harvard Medical
School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Elizabeth C Mormino
- Department of Neurology and Neurological Sciences, Stanford
University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Hyun Sik Yang
- Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital/Harvard Medical
School, Boston, MA, USA
- Center for Alzheimer's Research and Treatment, Department of Neurology,
Brigham and Women’s Hospital/Harvard Medical School, Boston,
MA, USA
| | - Theresa M Harrison
- Helen Wills Neuroscience Institute, University of California
Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Trey Hedden
- Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York
City, NY, USA
| | - Kwangsik Nho
- Department of Radiology and Imaging Sciences, Indiana Alzheimer Disease
Center, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis,
IN, USA
- Center for Computational Biology and Bioinformatics, Indiana University
School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Shea J Andrews
- Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York
City, NY, USA
| | - Douglas Tommet
- Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, Brown University School of
Medicine, Providence, RI, USA
| | | | | | - Douglas M Ruderfer
- Vanderbilt Genetics Institute, Vanderbilt University Medical
Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Katherine A Gifford
- Vanderbilt Memory and Alzheimer's Center, Vanderbilt University Medical
Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Xiaoyuan Zhong
- Department of Statistics, University of Wisconsin-Madison,
Madison, WI, USA
- Department of Biostatistics and Medical Informatics, University of
Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Neha S Raghavan
- Department of Neurology, Columbia University, New
York, NY, USA
- The Taub Institute for Research on Alzheimer's Disease and The Aging Brain,
Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
- The Institute for Genomic Medicine, Columbia University Medical Center and
The New York Presbyterian Hospital, New York, NY,
USA
| | - Badri N Vardarajan
- Department of Neurology, Columbia University, New
York, NY, USA
- The Taub Institute for Research on Alzheimer's Disease and The Aging Brain,
Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
- The Institute for Genomic Medicine, Columbia University Medical Center and
The New York Presbyterian Hospital, New York, NY,
USA
| | | | | | | | - Margaret A Pericak-Vance
- John P. Hussman Institute for Human Genomics, University of Miami School of
Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Lindsay A Farrer
- Department of Neurology, Boston University School of
Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Biostatistics, Boston University School of Public
Health, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Medicine (Biomedical Genetics), Boston University School of
Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Li San Wang
- Penn Neurodegeneration Genomics Center, Department of Pathology and
Laboratory Medicine, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of
Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Carlos Cruchaga
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of
Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Gerard D Schellenberg
- Penn Neurodegeneration Genomics Center, Department of Pathology and
Laboratory Medicine, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of
Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Nancy J Cox
- Vanderbilt Genetics Institute, Vanderbilt University Medical
Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Jonathan L Haines
- Cleveland Institute for Computational Biology, Department of Population and
Quantitative Health Sciences, Case Western Reserve University,
Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - C Dirk Keene
- Department of Pathology, University of Washington,
Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Andrew J Saykin
- Department of Radiology and Imaging Sciences, Indiana University School of
Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Eric B Larson
- Department of Medicine, University of Washington,
Seattle, WA, USA
- Kaiser Permanente Washington Health Research Institute,
Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Reisa A Sperling
- Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital/Harvard Medical
School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Richard Mayeux
- Department of Neurology, Columbia University, New
York, NY, USA
- The Taub Institute for Research on Alzheimer's Disease and The Aging Brain,
Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
- The Institute for Genomic Medicine, Columbia University Medical Center and
The New York Presbyterian Hospital, New York, NY,
USA
| | - Michael L Cuccaro
- John P. Hussman Institute for Human Genomics, University of Miami School of
Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
| | - David A Bennett
- Rush Alzheimer's Disease Center, Rush University Medical
Center, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Julie A Schneider
- Rush Alzheimer's Disease Center, Rush University Medical
Center, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Paul K Crane
- Department of Medicine, University of Washington,
Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Angela L Jefferson
- Vanderbilt Memory and Alzheimer's Center, Vanderbilt University Medical
Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Timothy J Hohman
- Vanderbilt Memory and Alzheimer's Center, Vanderbilt University Medical
Center, Nashville, TN, USA
- Vanderbilt Genetics Institute, Vanderbilt University Medical
Center, Nashville, TN, USA
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Гусейнова РМ, Просвирнина АА, Корчагина МО, Трухин АА, Шеремета МС. [Thyrotoxicosis in a patient with Turner syndrome: radioactive iodine therapy]. PROBLEMY ENDOKRINOLOGII 2022; 68:49-58. [PMID: 36689711 PMCID: PMC9939966 DOI: 10.14341/probl13132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2022] [Revised: 07/25/2022] [Accepted: 07/25/2022] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Turner syndrome (TS) is a chromosomal disorder affecting female and characterized by complete or partial monosomy of the X chromosome. These genetic changes lead to the abnormalities in growth and development and increase the risk of autoimmune diseases, including those affecting the thyroid. Thyroid pathology in TS may include autoimmune thyroiditis, hypothyroidism, thyrotoxicosis (Graves disease, AIT in the hyperthyroid state).Thyrotoxicosis is the clinical syndrome of excess circulating thyroid hormones. One of the main causes of thyrotoxicosis is Graves' disease (GD), an organ-specific autoimmune disease caused by the production of stimulating thyrotropin receptor antibodies. There are three treatment options for thyrotoxicosis: anti-thyroid drugs, radioactive iodine and thyroidectomy. A personalized approach to disease management is especially important in cases of genetic diseases.We present a clinical case of a patient with TS and GD, who has been referred to a radiologist at the Department of Radionuclide Therapy of Endocrinology Research Center. The patient was diagnosed with congenital hypothyroidism at neonatal screening, but thyroid hormones therapy was initiated aged three. Based on the survey, GD was diagnosed aged twenty one. Anti-thyroid drug therapy was started, which resulted in toxic hepatitis. Taking into account intolerance to anti-thyroid drugs, radioiodine therapy has been recommended, which led to hypothyroidism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Р. М. Гусейнова
- Национальный медицинский исследовательский центр эндокринологии
| | | | - М. О. Корчагина
- Первый Московский государственный медицинский университет им. И.М. Сеченова (Сеченовский Университет)
| | - А. А. Трухин
- Национальный медицинский исследовательский центр эндокринологии
| | - М. С. Шеремета
- Национальный медицинский исследовательский центр эндокринологии
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Peckham H, Webb K, Rosser EC, Butler G, Ciurtin C. Gender-Diverse Inclusion in Immunological Research: Benefits to Science and Health. Front Med (Lausanne) 2022; 9:909789. [PMID: 35911383 PMCID: PMC9329564 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2022.909789] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2022] [Accepted: 06/24/2022] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
The differences between male and female immune systems are an under-researched field, ripe for discovery. This is evidenced by the stark sex biases seen in autoimmunity and infectious disease. Both the sex hormones (oestrogen and testosterone), as well as the sex chromosomes have been demonstrated to impact immune responses, in multiple ways. Historical shortcomings in reporting basic and clinical scientific findings in a sex-disaggregated manner have led not only to limited discovery of disease aetiology, but to potential inaccuracies in the estimation of the effects of diseases or interventions on females and gender-diverse groups. Here we propose not only that research subjects should include both cis-gender men and cis-gender women, but also transgender and gender-diverse people alongside them. The known interaction between the hormonal milieu and the sex chromosomes is inseparable in cis-gender human research, without the confounders of puberty and age. By inclusion of those pursuing hormonal affirmation of their gender identity- the individual and interactive investigation of hormones and chromosomes is permitted. Not only does this allow for a fine-tuned dissection of these individual effects, but it allows for discovery that is both pertinent and relevant to a far wider portion of the population. There is an unmet need for detailed treatment follow-up of the transgender community- little is known of the potential benefits and risks of hormonal supplementation on the immune system, nor indeed on many other health and disease outcomes. Our research team has pioneered the inclusion of gender-diverse persons in our basic research in adolescent autoimmune rheumatic diseases. We review here the many avenues that remain unexplored, and suggest ways in which other groups and teams can broaden their horizons and invest in a future for medicine that is both fruitful and inclusive.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hannah Peckham
- Centre for Adolescent Rheumatology Versus Arthritis at University College London (UCL), University College London Hospital (UCLH), Great Ormond Street Hospital (GOSH), London, United Kingdom,Division of Medicine, Centre for Rheumatology Research, University College London (UCL), London, United Kingdom,*Correspondence: Hannah Peckham,
| | - Kate Webb
- Department of Paediatric Rheumatology, School of Child and Adolescent Health, Red Cross War Memorial Children’s Hospital, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa,Crick African Network, The Francis Crick Institute, London, United Kingdom
| | - Elizabeth C. Rosser
- Centre for Adolescent Rheumatology Versus Arthritis at University College London (UCL), University College London Hospital (UCLH), Great Ormond Street Hospital (GOSH), London, United Kingdom,Division of Medicine, Centre for Rheumatology Research, University College London (UCL), London, United Kingdom
| | - Gary Butler
- Department of Paediatric and Adolescent Endocrinology, University College London Hospital (UCLH) and Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, University College London, London, United Kingdom,Gender Identity Development Service (GIDS), Tavistock and Portman NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom
| | - Coziana Ciurtin
- Centre for Adolescent Rheumatology Versus Arthritis at University College London (UCL), University College London Hospital (UCLH), Great Ormond Street Hospital (GOSH), London, United Kingdom,Division of Medicine, Centre for Rheumatology Research, University College London (UCL), London, United Kingdom
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50
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Raskin J, Snoeckx A, Janssens A, De Bondt C, Wener R, van de Wiel M, van Meerbeeck JP, Smits E. New Implications of Patients’ Sex in Today’s Lung Cancer Management. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14143399. [PMID: 35884463 PMCID: PMC9316757 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14143399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2022] [Revised: 07/04/2022] [Accepted: 07/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary We aim to raise awareness that sex is an important factor to take into account in modern-day thoracic oncology practice. Summarized, women should be specifically targeted in smoking cessation campaigns and sex-specific barriers should be addressed. Women present more often with adenocarcinoma histology and EGFR/ALK alterations, as lung cancer in never-smokers is more common in women compared to men. Lung cancer in female patients may show a poorer response to immune checkpoint inhibition; therefore, the addition of chemotherapy should be considered. On the other hand, women experience more benefits from targeted therapy against EGFR. In general, prognosis for women is better compared to that in men. Lung cancer screening trials report that women derive more benefit from screening, although they have not been designed for women. Future trial designs should take this into account and encourage participation of women. Abstract This paper describes where and how sex matters in today’s management of lung cancer. We consecutively describe the differences between males and females in lung cancer demographics; sex-based differences in the immune system (including the poorer outcomes in women who are treated with immunotherapy but no chemotherapy); the presence of oncogenic drivers and the response to targeted therapies according to sex; the greater benefit women derive from lung cancer screening and why they get screened less; and finally, the barriers to smoking cessation that women experience. We conclude that sex is an important but often overlooked factor in modern-day thoracic oncology practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jo Raskin
- Department of Thoracic Oncology, MOCA, Antwerp University Hospital, University of Antwerp, Drie Eikenstraat 655, 2650 Edegem, Belgium; (J.R.); (C.D.B.); (R.W.); (M.v.d.W.); (J.P.v.M.)
| | - Annemiek Snoeckx
- Department of Radiology, Antwerp University Hospital, University of Antwerp, Drie Eikenstraat 655, 2650 Edegem, Belgium;
| | - Annelies Janssens
- Department of Thoracic Oncology, MOCA, Antwerp University Hospital, University of Antwerp, Drie Eikenstraat 655, 2650 Edegem, Belgium; (J.R.); (C.D.B.); (R.W.); (M.v.d.W.); (J.P.v.M.)
- Center for Oncological Research (CORE), Integrated Personalized and Precision Oncology Network (IPPON), University of Antwerp, Universiteitsplein 1, 2610 Antwerpen, Belgium;
- Correspondence:
| | - Charlotte De Bondt
- Department of Thoracic Oncology, MOCA, Antwerp University Hospital, University of Antwerp, Drie Eikenstraat 655, 2650 Edegem, Belgium; (J.R.); (C.D.B.); (R.W.); (M.v.d.W.); (J.P.v.M.)
| | - Reinier Wener
- Department of Thoracic Oncology, MOCA, Antwerp University Hospital, University of Antwerp, Drie Eikenstraat 655, 2650 Edegem, Belgium; (J.R.); (C.D.B.); (R.W.); (M.v.d.W.); (J.P.v.M.)
| | - Mick van de Wiel
- Department of Thoracic Oncology, MOCA, Antwerp University Hospital, University of Antwerp, Drie Eikenstraat 655, 2650 Edegem, Belgium; (J.R.); (C.D.B.); (R.W.); (M.v.d.W.); (J.P.v.M.)
| | - Jan P. van Meerbeeck
- Department of Thoracic Oncology, MOCA, Antwerp University Hospital, University of Antwerp, Drie Eikenstraat 655, 2650 Edegem, Belgium; (J.R.); (C.D.B.); (R.W.); (M.v.d.W.); (J.P.v.M.)
| | - Evelien Smits
- Center for Oncological Research (CORE), Integrated Personalized and Precision Oncology Network (IPPON), University of Antwerp, Universiteitsplein 1, 2610 Antwerpen, Belgium;
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