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Wang X, Lang F, Liu D. High-Salt Diet and Intestinal Microbiota: Influence on Cardiovascular Disease and Inflammatory Bowel Disease. BIOLOGY 2024; 13:674. [PMID: 39336101 PMCID: PMC11429420 DOI: 10.3390/biology13090674] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2024] [Revised: 08/17/2024] [Accepted: 08/28/2024] [Indexed: 09/30/2024]
Abstract
Salt, or sodium chloride, is an essential component of the human diet. Recent studies have demonstrated that dietary patterns characterized by a high intake of salt can influence the abundance and diversity of the gut microbiota, and may play a pivotal role in the etiology and exacerbation of certain diseases, including inflammatory bowel disease and cardiovascular disease. The objective of this review is to synthesize the effects of elevated salt consumption on the gut microbiota, including its influence on gut microbial metabolites and the gut immune system. Additionally, this review will investigate the potential implications of these effects for the development of cardiovascular disease and inflammatory bowel disease. The findings of this study offer novel insights and avenues for the management of two common conditions with significant clinical implications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xueyang Wang
- Queen Mary College, Nanchang University, Xuefu Road, Nanchang 330001, China; (X.W.); (F.L.)
| | - Fuyuan Lang
- Queen Mary College, Nanchang University, Xuefu Road, Nanchang 330001, China; (X.W.); (F.L.)
| | - Dan Liu
- Queen Mary College, Nanchang University, Xuefu Road, Nanchang 330001, China; (X.W.); (F.L.)
- School of Pharmacy, Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, China
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2
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Küstermann F, Busse K, Orthgieß J, Stoppe M, Haars S, Then Bergh F. Mineralocorticoid Receptor Signaling in Peripheral Blood Cells in Patients with Multiple Sclerosis. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:8883. [PMID: 39201568 PMCID: PMC11354852 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25168883] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2024] [Revised: 08/04/2024] [Accepted: 08/10/2024] [Indexed: 09/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is associated with alterations in neuroendocrine function, primarily the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis, including lower expression of the glucocorticoid receptor (GR) and its target genes in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) or full blood. We previously found reduced mineralocorticoid receptor (MR) expression in MS patients' peripheral blood. MS is being treated with a widening variety of disease-modifying treatments (DMT), some of which have similar efficacy but different mechanisms of action; body-fluid biomarkers to support the choice of the optimal initial DMT and/or to indicate an unsatisfactory response before clinical activity are unavailable. Using cell culture of volunteers' PBMCs and subsequent gene expression analysis (microarray and qPCR validation), we identified the mRNA expression of OTUD1 to represent MR signaling. The MR and MR target gene expression levels were then measured in full blood samples. In 119 MS (or CIS) patients, the expression of both MR and OTUD1 was lower than in 42 controls. The expression pattern was related to treatment, with the MR expression being particularly low in patients treated with fingolimod. While MR signaling may be involved in the therapeutic effects of some disease-modifying treatments, MR and OTUD1 expression can complement the neuroendocrine assessment of MS disease course. If confirmed, such assessment may support clinical decision-making.
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Affiliation(s)
- Franziska Küstermann
- Klinik und Poliklinik für Neurologie, University of Leipzig, 04103 Leipzig, Germany; (F.K.); (K.B.); or (J.O.)
| | - Kathy Busse
- Klinik und Poliklinik für Neurologie, University of Leipzig, 04103 Leipzig, Germany; (F.K.); (K.B.); or (J.O.)
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Leipzig, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Johannes Orthgieß
- Klinik und Poliklinik für Neurologie, University of Leipzig, 04103 Leipzig, Germany; (F.K.); (K.B.); or (J.O.)
| | - Muriel Stoppe
- Klinik und Poliklinik für Neurologie, University of Leipzig, 04103 Leipzig, Germany; (F.K.); (K.B.); or (J.O.)
| | - Sarah Haars
- Klinik und Poliklinik für Neurologie, University of Leipzig, 04103 Leipzig, Germany; (F.K.); (K.B.); or (J.O.)
| | - Florian Then Bergh
- Klinik und Poliklinik für Neurologie, University of Leipzig, 04103 Leipzig, Germany; (F.K.); (K.B.); or (J.O.)
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3
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Haase S, Kuhbandner K, Mühleck F, Gisevius B, Freudenstein D, Hirschberg S, Lee DH, Kuerten S, Gold R, Haghikia A, Linker RA. Dietary galactose exacerbates autoimmune neuroinflammation via advanced glycation end product-mediated neurodegeneration. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1367819. [PMID: 39185426 PMCID: PMC11341352 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1367819] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2024] [Accepted: 07/26/2024] [Indexed: 08/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Recent studies provide increasing evidence for a relevant role of lifestyle factors including diet in the pathogenesis of neuroinflammatory diseases such as multiple sclerosis (MS). While the intake of saturated fatty acids and elevated salt worsen the disease outcome in the experimental model of MS by enhanced inflammatory but diminished regulatory immunological processes, sugars as additional prominent components in our daily diet have only scarcely been investigated so far. Apart from glucose and fructose, galactose is a common sugar in the so-called Western diet. Methods We investigated the effect of a galactose-rich diet during neuroinflammation using myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein-induced experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (MOG-EAE) as a model disease. We investigated peripheral immune reactions and inflammatory infiltration by ex vivo flow cytometry analysis and performed histological staining of the spinal cord to analyze effects of galactose in the central nervous system (CNS). We analyzed the formation of advanced glycation end products (AGEs) by fluorescence measurements and investigated galactose as well as galactose-induced AGEs in oligodendroglial cell cultures and induced pluripotent stem cell-derived primary neurons (iPNs). Results Young mice fed a galactose-rich diet displayed exacerbated disease symptoms in the acute phase of EAE as well as impaired recovery in the chronic phase. Galactose did not affect peripheral immune reactions or inflammatory infiltration into the CNS, but resulted in increased demyelination, oligodendrocyte loss and enhanced neuro-axonal damage. Ex vivo analysis revealed an increased apoptosis of oligodendrocytes isolated from mice adapted on a galactose-rich diet. In vitro, treatment of cells with galactose neither impaired the maturation nor survival of oligodendroglial cells or iPNs. However, incubation of proteins with galactose in vitro led to the formation AGEs, that were increased in the spinal cord of EAE-diseased mice fed a galactose-rich diet. In oligodendroglial and neuronal cultures, treatment with galactose-induced AGEs promoted enhanced cell death compared to control treatment. Conclusion These results imply that galactose-induced oligodendrocyte and myelin damage during neuroinflammation may be mediated by AGEs, thereby identifying galactose and its reactive products as potential dietary risk factors for neuroinflammatory diseases such as MS.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Galactose/administration & dosage
- Encephalomyelitis, Autoimmune, Experimental/immunology
- Encephalomyelitis, Autoimmune, Experimental/pathology
- Encephalomyelitis, Autoimmune, Experimental/metabolism
- Mice
- Glycation End Products, Advanced/metabolism
- Glycation End Products, Advanced/administration & dosage
- Neuroinflammatory Diseases/immunology
- Neuroinflammatory Diseases/pathology
- Neuroinflammatory Diseases/metabolism
- Neuroinflammatory Diseases/etiology
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Female
- Oligodendroglia/metabolism
- Oligodendroglia/pathology
- Oligodendroglia/immunology
- Disease Models, Animal
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefanie Haase
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Kristina Kuhbandner
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Florian Mühleck
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Barbara Gisevius
- Department of Neurology, St. Josef-Hospital Bochum, Ruhr-University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | - David Freudenstein
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Sarah Hirschberg
- Department of Neurology, St. Josef-Hospital Bochum, Ruhr-University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | - De-Hyung Lee
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Stefanie Kuerten
- Institute of Neuroanatomy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Bonn and University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Ralf Gold
- Department of Neurology, St. Josef-Hospital Bochum, Ruhr-University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | - Aiden Haghikia
- Department of Neurology, University Medicine Magdeburg, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Ralf A. Linker
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
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4
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Navaneethabalakrishnan S, Goodlett B, Smith H, Cardenas A, Burns A, Mitchell B. Differential changes in end organ immune cells and inflammation in salt-sensitive hypertension: effects of lowering blood pressure. Clin Sci (Lond) 2024; 138:901-920. [PMID: 38949825 PMCID: PMC11250109 DOI: 10.1042/cs20240698] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2024] [Revised: 06/17/2024] [Accepted: 07/01/2024] [Indexed: 07/02/2024]
Abstract
We reported that salt-sensitive hypertension (SSHTN) is associated with increased pro-inflammatory immune cells, inflammation, and inflammation-associated lymphangiogenesis in the kidneys and gonads of male and female mice. However, it is unknown whether these adverse end organ effects result from increased blood pressure (BP), elevated levels of salt, or both. We hypothesized that pharmaceutically lowering BP would not fully alleviate the renal and gonadal immune cell accumulation, inflammation, and lymphangiogenesis associated with SSHTN. SSHTN was induced in male and female C57BL6/J mice by administering nitro-L-arginine methyl ester hydrochloride (L-NAME; 0.5 mg/ml) in their drinking water for 2 weeks, followed by a 2-week washout period. Subsequently, the mice received a 3-week 4% high salt diet (SSHTN). The treatment group underwent the same SSHTN induction protocol but received hydralazine (HYD; 250 mg/L) in their drinking water during the diet phase (SSHTN+HYD). Control mice received tap water and a standard diet for 7 weeks. In addition to decreasing systolic BP, HYD treatment generally decreased pro-inflammatory immune cells and inflammation in the kidneys and gonads of SSHTN mice. Furthermore, the decrease in BP partially alleviated elevated renal and gonadal lymphatics and improved renal and gonadal function in mice with SSHTN. These data demonstrate that high systemic pressure and salt differentially act on end organ immune cells, contributing to the broader understanding of how BP and salt intake collectively shape immune responses and highlight implications for targeted therapeutic interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Bethany L. Goodlett
- Department of Medical Physiology, Texas A&M University College of Medicine, Bryan, TX, U.S.A
| | - Hannah L. Smith
- Department of Medical Physiology, Texas A&M University College of Medicine, Bryan, TX, U.S.A
| | - Alyssa Cardenas
- Department of Medical Physiology, Texas A&M University College of Medicine, Bryan, TX, U.S.A
| | - Asia Burns
- Department of Medical Physiology, Texas A&M University College of Medicine, Bryan, TX, U.S.A
| | - Brett M. Mitchell
- Department of Medical Physiology, Texas A&M University College of Medicine, Bryan, TX, U.S.A
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5
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Schumacher SM, Doyle WJ, Hill K, Ochoa-Repáraz J. Gut microbiota in multiple sclerosis and animal models. FEBS J 2024. [PMID: 38817090 DOI: 10.1111/febs.17161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2023] [Revised: 04/15/2024] [Accepted: 05/10/2024] [Indexed: 06/01/2024]
Abstract
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic central nervous system (CNS) neurodegenerative and neuroinflammatory disease marked by a host immune reaction that targets and destroys the neuronal myelin sheath. MS and correlating animal disease models show comorbidities, including intestinal barrier disruption and alterations of the commensal microbiome. It is accepted that diet plays a crucial role in shaping the microbiota composition and overall gastrointestinal (GI) tract health, suggesting an interplay between nutrition and neuroinflammation via the gut-brain axis. Unfortunately, poor host health and diet lead to microbiota modifications that could lead to significant responses in the host, including inflammation and neurobehavioral changes. Beneficial microbial metabolites are essential for host homeostasis and inflammation control. This review will highlight the importance of the gut microbiota in the context of host inflammatory responses in MS and MS animal models. Additionally, microbial community restoration and how it affects MS and GI barrier integrity will be discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - William J Doyle
- Department of Biological Sciences, Boise State University, ID, USA
| | - Kristina Hill
- Department of Biological Sciences, Boise State University, ID, USA
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Izzy S, Yahya T, Albastaki O, Cao T, Schwerdtfeger LA, Abou-El-Hassan H, Chopra K, Ekwudo MN, Kurdeikaite U, Verissimo IM, LeServe DS, Lanser TB, Aronchik M, Oliveira MG, Moreira T, Rezende RM, El Khoury J, Cox LM, Weiner HL, Zafonte R, Whalen MJ. High-salt diet induces microbiome dysregulation, neuroinflammation and anxiety in the chronic period after mild repetitive closed head injury in adolescent mice. Brain Commun 2024; 6:fcae147. [PMID: 39045090 PMCID: PMC11264151 DOI: 10.1093/braincomms/fcae147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2023] [Revised: 02/09/2024] [Accepted: 04/30/2024] [Indexed: 07/25/2024] Open
Abstract
The associations between human concussions and subsequent sequelae of chronic neuropsychiatric and cardiovascular diseases such as hypertension have been reported; however, little is known about the underlying biological processes. We hypothesized that dietary changes, including a high-salt diet, disrupt the bidirectional gut-brain axis, resulting in worsening neuroinflammation and emergence of cardiovascular and behavioural phenotypes in the chronic period after repetitive closed head injury in adolescent mice. Adolescent mice were subjected to three daily closed head injuries, recovered for 12 weeks and then maintained on a high-salt diet or a normal diet for an additional 12 weeks. Experimental endpoints were haemodynamics, behaviour, microglial gene expression (bulk RNA sequencing), brain inflammation (brain tissue quantitative PCR) and microbiome diversity (16S RNA sequencing). High-salt diet did not affect systemic blood pressure or heart rate in sham or injured mice. High-salt diet increased anxiety-like behaviour in injured mice compared to sham mice fed with high-salt diet and injured mice fed with normal diet. Increased anxiety in injured mice that received a high-salt diet was associated with microgliosis and a proinflammatory microglial transcriptomic signature, including upregulation in interferon-gamma, interferon-beta and oxidative stress-related pathways. Accordingly, we found upregulation of tumour necrosis factor-alpha and interferon-gamma mRNA in the brain tissue of high salt diet-fed injured mice. High-salt diet had a larger effect on the gut microbiome composition than repetitive closed head injury. Increases in gut microbes in the families Lachnospiraceae, Erysipelotrichaceae and Clostridiaceae were positively correlated with anxiety-like behaviours. In contrast, Muribaculaceae, Acholeplasmataceae and Lactobacillaceae were negatively correlated with anxiety in injured mice that received a high-salt diet, a time-dependent effect. The findings suggest that high-salt diet, administered after a recovery period, may affect neurologic outcomes following mild repetitive head injury, including the development of anxiety. This effect was linked to microbiome dysregulation and an exacerbation of microglial inflammation, which may be physiological targets to prevent behavioural sequelae in the chronic period after mild repetitive head injury. The data suggest an important contribution of diet in determining long-term outcomes after mild repetitive head injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saef Izzy
- Divisions of Stroke, Cerebrovascular, and Critical Care Neurology, Department of Neurology, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Ann Romney Center for Neurologic Diseases, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- The Football Players Health Study at Harvard University, Boston, MA 02138, USA
- Center for Immunology and Inflammatory Diseases, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Taha Yahya
- Divisions of Stroke, Cerebrovascular, and Critical Care Neurology, Department of Neurology, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Ann Romney Center for Neurologic Diseases, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Omar Albastaki
- Divisions of Stroke, Cerebrovascular, and Critical Care Neurology, Department of Neurology, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Ann Romney Center for Neurologic Diseases, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Tian Cao
- Divisions of Stroke, Cerebrovascular, and Critical Care Neurology, Department of Neurology, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Ann Romney Center for Neurologic Diseases, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Luke A Schwerdtfeger
- Ann Romney Center for Neurologic Diseases, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Hadi Abou-El-Hassan
- Ann Romney Center for Neurologic Diseases, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Kusha Chopra
- Cancer Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Millicent N Ekwudo
- Ann Romney Center for Neurologic Diseases, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Ugne Kurdeikaite
- Ann Romney Center for Neurologic Diseases, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Isabelly M Verissimo
- Ann Romney Center for Neurologic Diseases, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Danielle S LeServe
- Ann Romney Center for Neurologic Diseases, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Toby B Lanser
- Ann Romney Center for Neurologic Diseases, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Michael Aronchik
- Ann Romney Center for Neurologic Diseases, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Marilia G Oliveira
- Ann Romney Center for Neurologic Diseases, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Thais Moreira
- Ann Romney Center for Neurologic Diseases, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Rafael Machado Rezende
- Ann Romney Center for Neurologic Diseases, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Joseph El Khoury
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Center for Immunology and Inflammatory Diseases, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Laura M Cox
- Ann Romney Center for Neurologic Diseases, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Howard L Weiner
- Ann Romney Center for Neurologic Diseases, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Ross Zafonte
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- The Football Players Health Study at Harvard University, Boston, MA 02138, USA
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Spaulding Rehabilitation Hospital, Massachusetts General Hospital, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA 02129, USA
| | - Michael J Whalen
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- The Football Players Health Study at Harvard University, Boston, MA 02138, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA
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7
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Li W, Wu P, Jin T, Jia J, Chen B, Liu T, Liu Y, Mei J, Luo B, Zhang Z. L-fucose and fucoidan alleviate high-salt diet-promoted acute inflammation. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1333848. [PMID: 38596683 PMCID: PMC11002173 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1333848] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2023] [Accepted: 03/05/2024] [Indexed: 04/11/2024] Open
Abstract
Excessive salt intake is a widespread health issue observed in almost every country around the world. A high salt diet (HSD) has a strong correlation with numerous diseases, including hypertension, chronic kidney disease, and autoimmune disorders. However, the mechanisms underlying HSD-promotion of inflammation and exacerbation of these diseases are not fully understood. In this study, we observed that HSD consumption reduced the abundance of the gut microbial metabolite L-fucose, leading to a more substantial inflammatory response in mice. A HSD led to increased peritonitis incidence in mice, as evidenced by the increased accumulation of inflammatory cells and elevated levels of inflammatory cytokines, such as tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α), interleukin 6 (IL-6), and monocyte chemotactic protein-1 (MCP-1, also known as C-C motif chemokine ligand 2 or CCL2), in peritoneal lavage fluid. Following the administration of broad-spectrum antibiotics, HSD-induced inflammation was abolished, indicating that the proinflammatory effects of HSD were not due to the direct effect of sodium, but rather to HSD-induced alterations in the composition of the gut microbiota. By using untargeted metabolomics techniques, we determined that the levels of the gut microbial metabolite L-fucose were reduced by a HSD. Moreover, the administration of L-fucose or fucoidan, a compound derived from brown that is rich in L-fucose, normalized the level of inflammation in mice following HSD induction. In addition, both L-fucose and fucoidan inhibited LPS-induced macrophage activation in vitro. In summary, our research showed that reduced L-fucose levels in the gut contributed to HSD-exacerbated acute inflammation in mice; these results indicate that L-fucose and fucoidan could interfere with HSD-promotion of the inflammatory response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenhua Li
- Institute of Immunology, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Research Center of Integrative Medicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Pengfei Wu
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Institute of Respiratory Diseases, Xinqiao Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Tianrong Jin
- Medical College of Chongqing University, Chongqing, China
| | - Jialin Jia
- Medical College of Chongqing University, Chongqing, China
| | - Bo Chen
- College of Acupuncture and Tuina, Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guiyang, Guizhou, China
| | - Tingting Liu
- Institute of Immunology, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yu Liu
- Institute of Immunology, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Jie Mei
- College of Acupuncture and Tuina, Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guiyang, Guizhou, China
| | - Bangwei Luo
- Institute of Immunology, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Zhiren Zhang
- Institute of Immunology, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
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8
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Müller L, Nasr AR, Jux B, Makdissi N, Trowbridge JW, Schmidt SV, Schultze JL, Quast T, Schulte-Schrepping J, Kolanus W, Mass E. Differential impact of high-salt levels in vitro and in vivo on macrophage core functions. Mol Biol Rep 2024; 51:343. [PMID: 38400845 PMCID: PMC10894081 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-024-09295-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2023] [Accepted: 01/29/2024] [Indexed: 02/26/2024]
Abstract
The consumption of processed food is on the rise leading to huge intake of excess dietary salt, which strongly correlates with development of hypertension, often leading to cardiovascular diseases such as stroke and heart attack, as well as activation of the immune system. The effect of salt on macrophages is especially interesting as they are able to sense high sodium levels in tissues leading to transcriptional changes. In the skin, macrophages were shown to influence lymphatic vessel growth which, in turn, enables the transport of excess salt and thereby prevents the development of high blood pressure. Furthermore, salt storage in the skin has been linked to the onset of pro-inflammatory effector functions of macrophages in pathogen defence. However, there is only little known about the mechanisms which are involved in changing macrophage function to salt exposure. Here, we characterize the response of macrophages to excess salt both in vitro and in vivo. Our results validate and strengthen the notion that macrophages exhibit chemotactic migration in response to salt gradients in vitro. Furthermore, we demonstrate a reduction in phagocytosis and efferocytosis following acute salt challenge in vitro. While acute exposure to a high-salt diet in vivo has a less pronounced impact on macrophage core functions such as phagocytosis, our data indicate that prolonged salt challenge may exert a distinct effect on the function of macrophages. These findings suggest a potential role for excessive salt sensing by macrophages in the manifestation of diseases related to high-salt diets and explicitly highlight the need for in vivo work to decipher the physiologically relevant impact of excess salt on tissue and cell function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linda Müller
- Molecular Immunology and Cell Biology, Life & Medical Sciences (LIMES) Institute, University of Bonn, 53115, Bonn, Germany
- Developmental Biology of the Immune System, Life & Medical Sciences (LIMES) Institute, University of Bonn, 53115, Bonn, Germany
| | - Aya Rafea Nasr
- Molecular Immunology and Cell Biology, Life & Medical Sciences (LIMES) Institute, University of Bonn, 53115, Bonn, Germany
- Developmental Biology of the Immune System, Life & Medical Sciences (LIMES) Institute, University of Bonn, 53115, Bonn, Germany
| | - Bettina Jux
- Molecular Immunology and Cell Biology, Life & Medical Sciences (LIMES) Institute, University of Bonn, 53115, Bonn, Germany
| | - Nikola Makdissi
- Developmental Biology of the Immune System, Life & Medical Sciences (LIMES) Institute, University of Bonn, 53115, Bonn, Germany
| | - Justin Wayne Trowbridge
- Molecular Immunology and Cell Biology, Life & Medical Sciences (LIMES) Institute, University of Bonn, 53115, Bonn, Germany
| | - Susanne V Schmidt
- Genomics & Immunoregulation, Life & Medical Sciences (LIMES) Institute, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Joachim L Schultze
- Genomics & Immunoregulation, Life & Medical Sciences (LIMES) Institute, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
- Systems Medicine, Deutsches Zentrum Für Neurodegenerative Erkrankungen (DZNE) E.V, Bonn, Germany
- PRECISE Platform for Single Cell Genomics and Epigenomics, DZNE and University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Thomas Quast
- Molecular Immunology and Cell Biology, Life & Medical Sciences (LIMES) Institute, University of Bonn, 53115, Bonn, Germany
| | - Jonas Schulte-Schrepping
- Genomics & Immunoregulation, Life & Medical Sciences (LIMES) Institute, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
- Systems Medicine, Deutsches Zentrum Für Neurodegenerative Erkrankungen (DZNE) E.V, Bonn, Germany
| | - Waldemar Kolanus
- Molecular Immunology and Cell Biology, Life & Medical Sciences (LIMES) Institute, University of Bonn, 53115, Bonn, Germany.
| | - Elvira Mass
- Developmental Biology of the Immune System, Life & Medical Sciences (LIMES) Institute, University of Bonn, 53115, Bonn, Germany.
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9
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Gu X, Liu M, Wang M, Wang K, Zhou T, Wu Q, Dong N. Corin deficiency alleviates mucosal lesions in a mouse model of colitis induced by dextran sulfate sodium. Life Sci 2024; 339:122446. [PMID: 38246520 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2024.122446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2023] [Revised: 01/10/2024] [Accepted: 01/16/2024] [Indexed: 01/23/2024]
Abstract
AIMS High dietary salt consumption is a risk factor for inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). Corin is a protease that activates atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP), thereby regulating sodium homeostasis. Corin acts in multiple tissues, including the intestine. In mice, corin deficiency impairs intestinal sodium excretion. This study aims to examine if reduced intestinal sodium excretion alters the pathophysiology of IBD. MAIN METHODS Wild-type (WT), Corin knockout (KO), and Corin kidney conditional KO (kcKO) mice were tested in a colitis model induced by dextran sulfide sodium (DSS). Effects of ANP on DSS-induced colitis were tested in WT and Corin KO mice. Body weight changes in the mice were monitored. Necropsy, histological analysis, and immunostaining studies were conducted to examine colon length and mucosal lesions. Fecal sodium levels were measured. RT-PCR was done to analyze proinflammatory genes in colon samples. KEY FINDINGS DSS-treated Corin KO mice had an ameliorated colitis phenotype with less body weight loss, longer colon lengths, smaller mucosal lesions, lower disease scores, more preserved goblet cells, and suppressed proinflammatory genes in the colon. In longitudinal studies, the DSS-treated Corin KO mice had delayed onset of colon mucosal lesions. ANP administration lessened the colitis in WT, but not Corin KO, mice. Analyses of WT, Corin KO, and Corin kcKO mice indicated that fecal sodium excretion, controlled by intestinal corin, may regulate inflammatory responses in DSS-induced colitis in mice. SIGNIFICANCE Our findings indicate a role of corin in intestinal pathophysiology, suggesting that reduced intestinal sodium level may offer protective benefits against IBD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiabing Gu
- Jiangsu Institute of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital and Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology, State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection, Suzhou Medical College, Soochow University, Suzhou, China; Cyrus Tang Hematology Center, Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology, State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Prevention, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Meng Liu
- Cyrus Tang Hematology Center, Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology, State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Prevention, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Mengting Wang
- Jiangsu Institute of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital and Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology, State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection, Suzhou Medical College, Soochow University, Suzhou, China; Cyrus Tang Hematology Center, Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology, State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Prevention, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Kun Wang
- Jiangsu Institute of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital and Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology, State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection, Suzhou Medical College, Soochow University, Suzhou, China; Cyrus Tang Hematology Center, Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology, State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Prevention, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Tiantian Zhou
- Cyrus Tang Hematology Center, Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology, State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Prevention, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Qingyu Wu
- Cyrus Tang Hematology Center, Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology, State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Prevention, Soochow University, Suzhou, China.
| | - Ningzheng Dong
- Jiangsu Institute of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital and Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology, State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection, Suzhou Medical College, Soochow University, Suzhou, China; Cyrus Tang Hematology Center, Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology, State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Prevention, Soochow University, Suzhou, China.
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10
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Kleimann P, Irschfeld LM, Grandoch M, Flögel U, Temme S. Trained Innate Immunity in Animal Models of Cardiovascular Diseases. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:2312. [PMID: 38396989 PMCID: PMC10889825 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25042312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2024] [Revised: 02/11/2024] [Accepted: 02/12/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Acquisition of immunological memory is an important evolutionary strategy that evolved to protect the host from repetitive challenges from infectious agents. It was believed for a long time that memory formation exclusively occurs in the adaptive part of the immune system with the formation of highly specific memory T cells and B cells. In the past 10-15 years, it has become clear that innate immune cells, such as monocytes, natural killer cells, or neutrophil granulocytes, also have the ability to generate some kind of memory. After the exposure of innate immune cells to certain stimuli, these cells develop an enhanced secondary response with increased cytokine secretion even after an encounter with an unrelated stimulus. This phenomenon has been termed trained innate immunity (TI) and is associated with epigenetic modifications (histone methylation, acetylation) and metabolic alterations (elevated glycolysis, lactate production). TI has been observed in tissue-resident or circulating immune cells but also in bone marrow progenitors. Risk-factors for cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) which are associated with low-grade inflammation, such as hyperglycemia, obesity, or high salt, can also induce TI with a profound impact on the development and progression of CVDs. In this review, we briefly describe basic mechanisms of TI and summarize animal studies which specifically focus on TI in the context of CVDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patricia Kleimann
- Institute of Molecular Cardiology, Faculty of Medicine, University Hospital, Heinrich-Heine-University, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany; (P.K.); (U.F.)
| | - Lisa-Marie Irschfeld
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Faculty of Medicine, University Hospital, Heinrich-Heine-University, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany;
| | - Maria Grandoch
- Institute of Translational Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University Hospital, Heinrich-Heine-University, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany;
- Cardiovascular Research Institute Düsseldorf (CARID), University Hospital, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Ulrich Flögel
- Institute of Molecular Cardiology, Faculty of Medicine, University Hospital, Heinrich-Heine-University, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany; (P.K.); (U.F.)
- Cardiovascular Research Institute Düsseldorf (CARID), University Hospital, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Sebastian Temme
- Cardiovascular Research Institute Düsseldorf (CARID), University Hospital, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
- Department of Anesthesiology, Faculty of Medicine, University Hospital, Heinrich-Heine-University, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
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11
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Martín-Hersog FA, Muñoz-Jurado A, Escribano BM, Luque E, Galván A, LaTorre M, Giraldo AI, Caballero-Villarraso J, Agüera E, Santamaría A, Túnez I. Sodium chloride-induced changes in oxidative stress, inflammation, and dysbiosis in experimental multiple sclerosis. Nutr Neurosci 2024; 27:74-86. [PMID: 36576232 DOI: 10.1080/1028415x.2022.2161132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Objectives: The high-salt diet (HSD) has been associated with cognitive dysfunction by attacking the cerebral microvasculature, through an adaptive response, initiated in the intestine and mediated by Th17 cells. In the animal model of multiple sclerosis (MS), experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE), it has been described that NaCl causes an increase in T cell infiltration in the central nervous system. NaCl also promotes macrophage response and Th17 cell differentiation, worsening the course of the disease. HSD may trigger an activation of the immune system and enhance inflammation. However, certain studies not only do not support this possibility, but support the opposite, as the effect of salt on immune cells may not necessarily be pathogenic. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate the effect of an over intake of salt in rats with EAE, based on the clinical course, oxidative stress, markers of inflammation and the gut dysbiosis.Methods: 15 Dark Agouti rats were used, which were divided into control group, EAE group and EAE + NaCl group. Daily 0.027 g of NaCl dissolved in 300 μl of H2O was administered through a nasogastric tube for 51 days.Results: NaCl administration produced an improvement in clinical status and a decrease in biomarkers of oxidative stress, inflammation, and dysbiosis.Conclusion: The underlying mechanism by which NaCl causes these effects could involve the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS), which is blocked by high doses of salt.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francisco A Martín-Hersog
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine and Nursing, University of Cordoba, Cordoba, Spain
- Maimonides Institute for Research in Biomedicine of Cordoba, (IMIBIC), Cordoba, Spain
| | - Ana Muñoz-Jurado
- Department of Cell Biology, Physiology and Immunology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Cordoba, Cordoba, Spain
| | - Begoña M Escribano
- Maimonides Institute for Research in Biomedicine of Cordoba, (IMIBIC), Cordoba, Spain
- Department of Cell Biology, Physiology and Immunology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Cordoba, Cordoba, Spain
| | - Evelio Luque
- Maimonides Institute for Research in Biomedicine of Cordoba, (IMIBIC), Cordoba, Spain
- Department of Morphological Sciences, Histology Section, Faculty of Medicine and Nursing, University of Cordoba, Cordoba, Spain
| | - Alberto Galván
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine and Nursing, University of Cordoba, Cordoba, Spain
- Maimonides Institute for Research in Biomedicine of Cordoba, (IMIBIC), Cordoba, Spain
| | - Manuel LaTorre
- Maimonides Institute for Research in Biomedicine of Cordoba, (IMIBIC), Cordoba, Spain
| | - Ana I Giraldo
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine and Nursing, University of Cordoba, Cordoba, Spain
- Maimonides Institute for Research in Biomedicine of Cordoba, (IMIBIC), Cordoba, Spain
| | - Javier Caballero-Villarraso
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine and Nursing, University of Cordoba, Cordoba, Spain
- Maimonides Institute for Research in Biomedicine of Cordoba, (IMIBIC), Cordoba, Spain
- Analysis Service, Reina Sofia University Hospital, Cordoba, Spain
| | - Eduardo Agüera
- Maimonides Institute for Research in Biomedicine of Cordoba, (IMIBIC), Cordoba, Spain
- Neurology Service, Reina Sofia University Hospital, Cordoba, Spain
| | - Abel Santamaría
- Laboratory of exciting amino acids, National Institute of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Isaac Túnez
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine and Nursing, University of Cordoba, Cordoba, Spain
- Maimonides Institute for Research in Biomedicine of Cordoba, (IMIBIC), Cordoba, Spain
- Cooperative Research Thematic Excellent Network on Brain Stimulation (REDESTIM), Madrid, Spain
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12
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Krampert L, Ossner T, Schröder A, Schatz V, Jantsch J. Simultaneous Increases in Intracellular Sodium and Tonicity Boost Antimicrobial Activity of Macrophages. Cells 2023; 12:2816. [PMID: 38132136 PMCID: PMC10741518 DOI: 10.3390/cells12242816] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2023] [Revised: 11/27/2023] [Accepted: 12/05/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Inflamed and infected tissues can display increased local sodium (Na+) levels, which can have various effects on immune cells. In macrophages, high salt (HS) leads to a Na+/Ca2+-exchanger 1 (NCX1)-dependent increase in intracellular Na+ levels. This results in augmented osmoprotective signaling and enhanced proinflammatory activation, such as enhanced expression of type 2 nitric oxide synthase and antimicrobial function. In this study, the role of elevated intracellular Na+ levels in macrophages was investigated. Therefore, the Na+/K+-ATPase (NKA) was pharmacologically inhibited with two cardiac glycosides (CGs), ouabain (OUA) and digoxin (DIG), to raise intracellular Na+ without increasing extracellular Na+ levels. Exposure to HS conditions and treatment with both inhibitors resulted in intracellular Na+ accumulation and subsequent phosphorylation of p38/MAPK. The CGs had different effects on intracellular Ca2+ and K+ compared to HS stimulation. Moreover, the osmoprotective transcription factor nuclear factor of activated T cells 5 (NFAT5) was not upregulated on RNA and protein levels upon OUA and DIG treatment. Accordingly, OUA and DIG did not boost nitric oxide (NO) production and showed heterogeneous effects toward eliminating intracellular bacteria. While HS environments cause hypertonic stress and ionic perturbations, cardiac glycosides only induce the latter. Cotreatment of macrophages with OUA and non-ionic osmolyte mannitol (MAN) partially mimicked the HS-boosted antimicrobial macrophage activity. These findings suggest that intracellular Na+ accumulation and hypertonic stress are required but not sufficient to mimic boosted macrophage function induced by increased extracellular sodium availability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luka Krampert
- Institute of Clinical Microbiology and Hygiene, University Hospital Regensburg and University of Regensburg, 93053 Regensburg, Germany; (L.K.)
| | - Thomas Ossner
- Institute of Clinical Microbiology and Hygiene, University Hospital Regensburg and University of Regensburg, 93053 Regensburg, Germany; (L.K.)
| | - Agnes Schröder
- Institute of Clinical Microbiology and Hygiene, University Hospital Regensburg and University of Regensburg, 93053 Regensburg, Germany; (L.K.)
- Institute of Orthodontics, University Hospital Regensburg and University of Regensburg, 93053 Regensburg, Germany
| | - Valentin Schatz
- Institute of Clinical Microbiology and Hygiene, University Hospital Regensburg and University of Regensburg, 93053 Regensburg, Germany; (L.K.)
| | - Jonathan Jantsch
- Institute of Clinical Microbiology and Hygiene, University Hospital Regensburg and University of Regensburg, 93053 Regensburg, Germany; (L.K.)
- Institute for Medical Microbiology, Immunology, and Hygiene, Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne (CMMC), University Hospital Cologne and Faculty of Medicine, University of Cologne, 50935 Cologne, Germany
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13
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Zevallos VF, Yogev N, Hauptmann J, Nikolaev A, Pickert G, Heib V, Fittler N, Steven S, Luessi F, Neerukonda M, Janoschka C, Tobinski AM, Klotz L, Waisman A, Schuppan D. Dietary wheat amylase trypsin inhibitors exacerbate CNS inflammation in experimental multiple sclerosis. Gut 2023; 73:92-104. [PMID: 37595983 PMCID: PMC10715558 DOI: 10.1136/gutjnl-2023-329562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2023] [Accepted: 08/03/2023] [Indexed: 08/20/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Wheat has become a main staple globally. We studied the effect of defined pro-inflammatory dietary proteins, wheat amylase trypsin inhibitors (ATI), activating intestinal myeloid cells via toll-like receptor 4, in experimental autoimmune encephalitis (EAE), a model of multiple sclerosis (MS). DESIGN EAE was induced in C57BL/6J mice on standardised dietary regimes with defined content of gluten/ATI. Mice received a gluten and ATI-free diet with defined carbohydrate and protein (casein/zein) content, supplemented with: (a) 25% of gluten and 0.75% ATI; (b) 25% gluten and 0.19% ATI or (c) 1.5% purified ATI. The effect of dietary ATI on clinical EAE severity, on intestinal, mesenteric lymph node, splenic and central nervous system (CNS) subsets of myeloid cells and lymphocytes was analysed. Activation of peripheral blood mononuclear cells from patients with MS and healthy controls was compared. RESULTS Dietary ATI dose-dependently caused significantly higher EAE clinical scores compared with mice on other dietary regimes, including on gluten alone. This was mediated by increased numbers and activation of pro-inflammatory intestinal, lymph node, splenic and CNS myeloid cells and of CNS-infiltrating encephalitogenic T-lymphocytes. Expectedly, ATI activated peripheral blood monocytes from both patients with MS and healthy controls. CONCLUSIONS Dietary wheat ATI activate murine and human myeloid cells. The amount of ATI present in an average human wheat-based diet caused mild intestinal inflammation, which was propagated to extraintestinal sites, leading to exacerbation of CNS inflammation and worsening of clinical symptoms in EAE. These results support the importance of the gut-brain axis in inflammatory CNS disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victor F Zevallos
- Institute of Translational Immunology, Johannes Gutenberg Universitat Mainz, Mainz, Germany
- Department of Applied and Health Sciences, Northumbria University, Newcastle upon Tyne, Tyne and Wear, UK
| | - Nir Yogev
- Institute for Molecular Medicine, Johannes Gutenberg Universitat Mainz, Mainz, Germany
- Department of Dermatology, University of Cologne, Koln, Germany
| | - Judith Hauptmann
- Institute for Molecular Medicine, Johannes Gutenberg Universitat Mainz, Mainz, Germany
- Research Center for Immunotherapy, Johannes Gutenberg Universitat Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Alexei Nikolaev
- Institute for Molecular Medicine, Johannes Gutenberg Universitat Mainz, Mainz, Germany
- Research Center for Immunotherapy, Johannes Gutenberg Universitat Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Geethanjali Pickert
- Institute of Translational Immunology, Johannes Gutenberg Universitat Mainz, Mainz, Germany
- Research Center for Immunotherapy, Johannes Gutenberg Universitat Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Valeska Heib
- Institute of Translational Immunology, Johannes Gutenberg Universitat Mainz, Mainz, Germany
- Research Center for Immunotherapy, Johannes Gutenberg Universitat Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Nicola Fittler
- Institute of Translational Immunology, Johannes Gutenberg Universitat Mainz, Mainz, Germany
- Research Center for Immunotherapy, Johannes Gutenberg Universitat Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Sebastian Steven
- Department of Cardiology, Johannes Gutenberg Universitat Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Felix Luessi
- Department of Neurology, Johannes Gutenberg Universitat Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Manjusha Neerukonda
- Institute of Translational Immunology, Johannes Gutenberg Universitat Mainz, Mainz, Germany
- Research Center for Immunotherapy, Johannes Gutenberg Universitat Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | | | - Ann-Marie Tobinski
- Institute for Molecular Medicine, Johannes Gutenberg Universitat Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Luisa Klotz
- Neurology Department, University Hospital Munster, Munster, Germany
| | - Ari Waisman
- Institute for Molecular Medicine, Johannes Gutenberg Universitat Mainz, Mainz, Germany
- Research Center for Immunotherapy, Johannes Gutenberg Universitat Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Detlef Schuppan
- Institute of Translational Immunology, Johannes Gutenberg Universitat Mainz, Mainz, Germany
- Division of Gastroenterology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
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14
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Afsar B, Afsar RE. Salt Behind the Scenes of Systemic Lupus Erythematosus and Rheumatoid Arthritis. Curr Nutr Rep 2023; 12:830-844. [PMID: 37980312 DOI: 10.1007/s13668-023-00509-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/09/2023] [Indexed: 11/20/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Sodium is vital for human health. High salt intake is a global health problem and is associated with cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. Recent evidence suggests that both innate and adaptive immune systems are affected by sodium. In general, excess salt intake drives immune cells toward a pro-inflammatory phenotype. The incidence of autoimmune diseases, including systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) and rheumatoid arthritis (RA), is steadily increasing. As excess salt induces a pro-inflammatory state, increased salt intake may have impacts on autoimmune diseases. The relationship between salt intake and autoimmune diseases is most widely studied in patients with SLE or RA. This review aimed to summarize the relationship between salt intake and SLE and RA. RECENT FINDINGS Most, but not all, of these studies showed that high salt intake might promote SLE by M1 macrophage shift, increase in Th17/Treg cell ratio, activation of dendritic and follicular helper T cells, and increased secretion of pro-inflammatory cytokines. In RA, apart from driving immune cells toward a pro-inflammatory state, high salt intake also influences cellular signaling pathways, including receptor activator of nuclear factor κB ligand (RANKL), Rho GTPases, and MAPK (mitogen-activated protein kinase). There is now sufficient evidence that excess salt intake may be related to the development and progression of SLE and RA, although there are still knowledge gaps. More studies are warranted to further highlight the relationship between excess salt intake, SLE, and RA. Salt intake may affect cell types and pro-inflammatory cytokines and signaling pathways associated with the development and progression of systemic lupus erythematosus and rheumatoid arthritis. Bcl-6 B-cell lymphoma, 6 Erk extracellular signal-regulated kinases, IFN-γ interferon-gamma, JNK c-Jun N-terminal kinase, IL-4 interleukin 4, IL-6 interleukin 6, MAPK mitogen-activated protein kinase, STAT signal transducer and activator of transcription, Tnf-α tumor necrosis factor, Treg T regulatory cell.
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Affiliation(s)
- Baris Afsar
- Department of Nephrology, School of Medicine, Suleyman Demirel University, Isparta, 32260, Turkey.
| | - Rengin Elsurer Afsar
- Department of Nephrology, School of Medicine, Suleyman Demirel University, Isparta, 32260, Turkey
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15
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Bian X, Xue H, Jing D, Wang Y, Zhou G, Zhu F. Role of Serum/Glucocorticoid-Regulated Kinase 1 (SGK1) in Immune and Inflammatory Diseases. Inflammation 2023; 46:1612-1625. [PMID: 37353719 DOI: 10.1007/s10753-023-01857-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2023] [Revised: 06/09/2023] [Accepted: 06/12/2023] [Indexed: 06/25/2023]
Abstract
Serum/glucocorticoid-regulated kinase 1 (SGK1), a member of the serine/threonine protein kinase gene family, is primarily regulated by serum and glucocorticoids. SGK1 is involved in the development of tumors and fibrotic diseases. However, relatively little research has been conducted on their role in immune and inflammatory diseases. SGK1 may act as a pivotal immune regulatory gene by modulating immune cells (e.g., T cells, macrophages, dendritic cells, and neutrophils) and functions and is involved in the pathogenesis of some immune and inflammatory diseases, such as inflammatory bowel disease, multiple sclerosis, allergic diseases, sepsis, and major depressive disorder. This review aims to provide an overview of the latest research focusing on the immune and inflammatory regulatory roles of SGK1 and provide new insights into diagnostic and therapeutic approaches for immune and inflammatory diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xixi Bian
- Clinical Medical College of Jining Medical University, Jining Medical University, Jining, Shandong, China
| | - Honglu Xue
- Department of Gastroenterology, Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical University, Jining Medical University, Jining, Shandong, China
| | - Dehuai Jing
- Department of Gastroenterology, Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical University, Jining Medical University, Jining, Shandong, China
| | - Yan Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical University, Jining Medical University, Jining, Shandong, China
| | - Guangxi Zhou
- Department of Gastroenterology, Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical University, Jining Medical University, Jining, Shandong, China.
| | - Fengqin Zhu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical University, Jining Medical University, Jining, Shandong, China.
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16
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Sposito F, Northey S, Charras A, McNamara PS, Hedrich CM. Hypertonic saline induces inflammation in human macrophages through the NLRP1 inflammasome. Genes Immun 2023; 24:263-269. [PMID: 37573430 PMCID: PMC10575766 DOI: 10.1038/s41435-023-00218-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2023] [Revised: 07/27/2023] [Accepted: 08/02/2023] [Indexed: 08/14/2023]
Abstract
Nebulized hypertonic saline (3-7%) is commonly used to increase mucociliary clearance in patients with chronic airway disease and/or virus infections. However, altered salt concentrations may contribute to inflammatory responses. The aim of this study was to investigate whether 500 mM NaCl (3%) triggers inflammation in human macrophages and identify the molecular mechanisms involved. NaCl-induced pyroptosis, IL-1β, IL-18 and ASC speck release were measured in primary human monocyte-derived macrophages. Treatment with the recombinant IL-1 receptor antagonist anakinra or the NLRP3 inhibitor MCC950 did not affect NaCl-mediated inflammasome assembly. Knock-down of NLRP1 expression, but not of NLRP3 and NLRC4, reduced NaCl-induced pyroptosis, pro-inflammatory cytokine and ASC speck release from human THP-1-derived macrophages. Data from this study suggest that 3% NaCl-induced inflammatory responses in human macrophages depend on NLRP1 and inflammasome assembly. Targeting inflammation in addition to inhalation with hypertonic saline may benefit patients with inflammatory airway disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Sposito
- Department of Women's & Children's Health, Institute of Life Course and Medical Sciences, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - Sarah Northey
- Department of Women's & Children's Health, Institute of Life Course and Medical Sciences, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - Amandine Charras
- Department of Women's & Children's Health, Institute of Life Course and Medical Sciences, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - Paul S McNamara
- Department of Women's & Children's Health, Institute of Life Course and Medical Sciences, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Alder Hey Children's NHS Foundation Trust Hospital, Liverpool, UK
| | - Christian M Hedrich
- Department of Women's & Children's Health, Institute of Life Course and Medical Sciences, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK.
- Department of Paediatric Rheumatology, Alder Hey Children's NHS Foundation Trust Hospital, Liverpool, UK.
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17
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Qu R, Zhou M, Qiu Y, Peng Y, Yin X, Liu B, Bi H, Gao Y, Guo D. Glucocorticoids improve the balance of M1/M2 macrophage polarization in experimental autoimmune uveitis through the P38MAPK-MEF2C axis. Int Immunopharmacol 2023; 120:110392. [PMID: 37262960 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2023.110392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2023] [Revised: 05/16/2023] [Accepted: 05/22/2023] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Uveitis is a common ocular disease that can induce serious complications and sequelae. It is one of the major causes of blindness. Currently, mounting evidence suggests that glucocorticoids (GCs) can suppress ocular inflammation and promote the healing of damaged ocular tissues, but the underlying mechanism remains unclear. The present study aimed to elucidate the mechanism by which GCs modulate the homeostasis of M1/M2 macrophage polarization in experimental autoimmune uveitis (EAU) through the p38MAPK-MEF2C axis. Female Lewis rats were randomly divided into four groups: a normal control (NC) group, an EAU group, an EAU + glucocorticoid (EAU + GC) group, and an EAU + p38MAPK inhibitor (EAU + SB) group. The EAU model was induced in EAU, EAU + GC, and EAU + SB groups, followed by the treatments of normal saline, GC (predisione), and SB203580, respectively. The findings demonstrated that the rats in GC and SB groups had much less ocular inflammation, and the clinical and pathological scores decreased. Further research revealed that GC and SB treatment could inhibit iNOS and CD86 expression while promoting Arg-1 and CD206 secretion in IRBP-induced uveitis rats. Moreover, we found that the role of GC was similar to the results of SB203580, but the role of GC was masked by the C16-PAF (a p38MAPK activator) treatment. Molecular docking and western blot results confirmed that GC's therapeutic action against EAU is mediated via the p38MAPK-MEF2C axis. It regulates macrophage polarization by encouraging M1 to M2 transition and releasing anti-inflammatory factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruyi Qu
- Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan 250002, China
| | - Mengxian Zhou
- Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan 250002, China
| | - Yan Qiu
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan 250002, China
| | - Yuan Peng
- Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan 250002, China
| | - Xuewei Yin
- Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan 250002, China
| | - Bin Liu
- Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan 250002, China
| | - Hongsheng Bi
- Affiliated Eye Hospital of Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan 250002, China
| | - Yan'e Gao
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine for Prevention and Therapy of Ocular Diseases, Shandong Academy of Eye Disease Prevention and Therapy, Medical College of Optometry and Ophthalmology, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan 250002, China
| | - Dadong Guo
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine for Prevention and Therapy of Ocular Diseases, Shandong Academy of Eye Disease Prevention and Therapy, Medical College of Optometry and Ophthalmology, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan 250002, China.
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18
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Balmant BD, Fonseca DC, Prudêncio APA, Rocha IM, Callado L, Alves JTM, Torrinhas RSMDM, Borba EF, Waitzberg DL. Megamonas funiformis, Plasma Zonulin, and Sodium Intake Affect C3 Complement Levels in Inactive Systemic Lupus Erythematosus. Nutrients 2023; 15:nu15081999. [PMID: 37111218 PMCID: PMC10144636 DOI: 10.3390/nu15081999] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2023] [Revised: 04/11/2023] [Accepted: 04/17/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The etiology of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) remains unclear, with both genetic and environmental factors potentially contributing. This study aimed to explore the relationship among gut microbiota (GM), intestinal permeability, and food intake with inflammatory markers in inactive SLE patients. A total of 22 women with inactive SLE and 20 healthy volunteers were enrolled, and dietary intake was assessed through 24-h dietary recalls. Plasma zonulin was used to evaluate intestinal permeability, while GM was determined by 16S rRNA sequencing. Regression models were used to analyze laboratory markers of lupus disease (C3 and C4 complement and C-reactive protein). Our results showed that the genus Megamonas was significantly enriched in the iSLE group (p < 0.001), with Megamonas funiformis associated with all evaluated laboratory tests (p < 0.05). Plasma zonulin was associated with C3 levels (p = 0.016), and sodium intake was negatively associated with C3 and C4 levels (p < 0.05). A combined model incorporating variables from each group (GM, intestinal permeability, and food intake) demonstrated a significant association with C3 complement levels (p < 0.01). These findings suggest that increased Megamonas funiformis abundance, elevated plasma zonulin, and higher sodium intake may contribute to reduced C3 complement levels in women with inactive SLE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bianca Depieri Balmant
- Laboratory of Nutrition and Metabolic Surgery of the Digestive System, LIM 35, Department of Gastroenterology, Hospital das Clínicas HCFMUSP, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo 01246-903, Brazil
| | - Danielle Cristina Fonseca
- Laboratory of Nutrition and Metabolic Surgery of the Digestive System, LIM 35, Department of Gastroenterology, Hospital das Clínicas HCFMUSP, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo 01246-903, Brazil
| | - Ana Paula Aguiar Prudêncio
- Laboratory of Nutrition and Metabolic Surgery of the Digestive System, LIM 35, Department of Gastroenterology, Hospital das Clínicas HCFMUSP, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo 01246-903, Brazil
| | - Ilanna Marques Rocha
- Laboratory of Nutrition and Metabolic Surgery of the Digestive System, LIM 35, Department of Gastroenterology, Hospital das Clínicas HCFMUSP, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo 01246-903, Brazil
| | - Letícia Callado
- Laboratory of Nutrition and Metabolic Surgery of the Digestive System, LIM 35, Department of Gastroenterology, Hospital das Clínicas HCFMUSP, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo 01246-903, Brazil
| | | | - Raquel Susana Matos de Miranda Torrinhas
- Laboratory of Nutrition and Metabolic Surgery of the Digestive System, LIM 35, Department of Gastroenterology, Hospital das Clínicas HCFMUSP, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo 01246-903, Brazil
| | - Eduardo Ferreira Borba
- Rheumatology Division, Hospital das Clínicas HCFMUSP, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo 01246-903, Brazil
| | - Dan Linetzky Waitzberg
- Laboratory of Nutrition and Metabolic Surgery of the Digestive System, LIM 35, Department of Gastroenterology, Hospital das Clínicas HCFMUSP, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo 01246-903, Brazil
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19
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Eskiocak YC, Ayyildiz ZO, Gunalp S, Korkmaz A, Helvaci DG, Dogan Y, Sag D, Wingender G. The Ca2+ concentration impacts the cytokine production of mouse and human lymphoid cells and the polarization of human macrophages in vitro. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0282037. [PMID: 36827279 PMCID: PMC9956017 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0282037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2022] [Accepted: 02/06/2023] [Indexed: 02/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Various aspects of the in vitro culture conditions can impact the functional response of immune cells. For example, it was shown that a Ca2+ concentration of at least 1.5 mM during in vitro stimulation is needed for optimal cytokine production by conventional αβ T cells. Here we extend these findings by showing that also unconventional T cells (invariant Natural Killer T cells, mucosal-associated invariant T cells, γδ T cells), as well as B cells, show an increased cytokine response following in vitro stimulation in the presence of elevated Ca2+ concentrations. This effect appeared more pronounced with mouse than with human lymphoid cells and did not influence their survival. A similarly increased cytokine response due to elevated Ca2+ levels was observed with primary human monocytes. In contrast, primary human monocyte-derived macrophages, either unpolarized (M0) or polarized into M1 or M2 macrophages, displayed increased cell death in the presence of elevated Ca2+ concentrations. Furthermore, elevated Ca2+ concentrations promoted phenotypic M1 differentiation by increasing M1 markers on M1 and M2 macrophages and decreasing M2 markers on M2 macrophages. However, the cytokine production of macrophages, again in contrast to the lymphoid cells, was unaltered by the Ca2+ concentration. In summary, our data demonstrate that the Ca2+ concentration during in vitro cultures is an important variable to be considered for functional experiments and that elevated Ca2+ levels can boost cytokine production by both mouse and human lymphoid cells.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Zeynep Ozge Ayyildiz
- Izmir Biomedicine and Genome Center (IBG), Balcova/Izmir, Turkey
- Department of Genome Sciences and Molecular Biotechnology, Izmir International Biomedicine and Genome Institute, Dokuz Eylul University, Balcova/Izmir, Turkey
| | - Sinem Gunalp
- Izmir Biomedicine and Genome Center (IBG), Balcova/Izmir, Turkey
- Department of Genome Sciences and Molecular Biotechnology, Izmir International Biomedicine and Genome Institute, Dokuz Eylul University, Balcova/Izmir, Turkey
| | - Asli Korkmaz
- Izmir Biomedicine and Genome Center (IBG), Balcova/Izmir, Turkey
- Department of Genome Sciences and Molecular Biotechnology, Izmir International Biomedicine and Genome Institute, Dokuz Eylul University, Balcova/Izmir, Turkey
| | | | - Yavuz Dogan
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Dokuz Eylul University, Balcova/Izmir, Turkey
| | - Duygu Sag
- Izmir Biomedicine and Genome Center (IBG), Balcova/Izmir, Turkey
- Department of Genome Sciences and Molecular Biotechnology, Izmir International Biomedicine and Genome Institute, Dokuz Eylul University, Balcova/Izmir, Turkey
- Department of Medical Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Dokuz Eylul University, Balcova/Izmir, Turkey
| | - Gerhard Wingender
- Izmir Biomedicine and Genome Center (IBG), Balcova/Izmir, Turkey
- * E-mail:
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20
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Bieber K, Hundt JE, Yu X, Ehlers M, Petersen F, Karsten CM, Köhl J, Kridin K, Kalies K, Kasprick A, Goletz S, Humrich JY, Manz RA, Künstner A, Hammers CM, Akbarzadeh R, Busch H, Sadik CD, Lange T, Grasshoff H, Hackel AM, Erdmann J, König I, Raasch W, Becker M, Kerstein-Stähle A, Lamprecht P, Riemekasten G, Schmidt E, Ludwig RJ. Autoimmune pre-disease. Autoimmun Rev 2023; 22:103236. [PMID: 36436750 DOI: 10.1016/j.autrev.2022.103236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2022] [Accepted: 11/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Approximately 5% of the world-wide population is affected by autoimmune diseases. Overall, autoimmune diseases are still difficult to treat, impose a high burden on patients, and have a significant economic impact. Like other complex diseases, e.g., cancer, autoimmune diseases develop over several years. Decisive steps in the development of autoimmune diseases are (i) the development of autoantigen-specific lymphocytes and (often) autoantibodies and (ii) potentially clinical disease manifestation at a later stage. However, not all healthy individuals with autoantibodies develop disease manifestations. Identifying autoantibody-positive healthy individuals and monitoring and inhibiting their switch to inflammatory autoimmune disease conditions are currently in their infancy. The switch from harmless to inflammatory autoantigen-specific T and B-cell and autoantibody responses seems to be the hallmark for the decisive factor in inflammatory autoimmune disease conditions. Accordingly, biomarkers allowing us to predict this progression would have a significant impact. Several factors, such as genetics and the environment, especially diet, smoking, exposure to pollutants, infections, stress, and shift work, might influence the progression from harmless to inflammatory autoimmune conditions. To inspire research directed at defining and ultimately targeting autoimmune predisease, here, we review published evidence underlying the progression from health to autoimmune predisease and ultimately to clinically manifest inflammatory autoimmune disease, addressing the following 3 questions: (i) what is the current status, (ii) what is missing, (iii) and what are the future perspectives for defining and modulating autoimmune predisease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katja Bieber
- Lübeck Institute of Experimental Dermatology and Center for Research on Inflammation of the Skin, University of Lübeck, Germany
| | - Jennifer E Hundt
- Lübeck Institute of Experimental Dermatology and Center for Research on Inflammation of the Skin, University of Lübeck, Germany
| | - Xinhua Yu
- Priority Area Chronic Lung Diseases, Research Center Borstel, Airway Research Center North (ARCN), Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Borstel, Germany
| | - Marc Ehlers
- Institute of Nutritional Medicine, University of Lübeck and University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Frank Petersen
- Priority Area Chronic Lung Diseases, Research Center Borstel, Airway Research Center North (ARCN), Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Borstel, Germany
| | - Christian M Karsten
- Institute for Systemic Inflammation Research, University of Lübeck, 23562 Lübeck, Germany
| | - Jörg Köhl
- Institute for Systemic Inflammation Research, University of Lübeck, 23562 Lübeck, Germany; Division of Immunobiology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital and University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA
| | - Khalaf Kridin
- Lübeck Institute of Experimental Dermatology and Center for Research on Inflammation of the Skin, University of Lübeck, Germany; Azrieli Faculty of Medicine, Bar-Ilan University, Safed, Israel; Unit of Dermatology and Skin Research Laboratory, Baruch Padeh Medical Center, Poriya, Israel
| | - Kathrin Kalies
- Institute of Anatomy, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Anika Kasprick
- Lübeck Institute of Experimental Dermatology and Center for Research on Inflammation of the Skin, University of Lübeck, Germany
| | - Stephanie Goletz
- Lübeck Institute of Experimental Dermatology and Center for Research on Inflammation of the Skin, University of Lübeck, Germany
| | - Jens Y Humrich
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Rudolf A Manz
- Institute for Systemic Inflammation Research, University of Lübeck, 23562 Lübeck, Germany
| | - Axel Künstner
- Lübeck Institute of Experimental Dermatology and Center for Research on Inflammation of the Skin, University of Lübeck, Germany
| | - Christoph M Hammers
- Lübeck Institute of Experimental Dermatology and Center for Research on Inflammation of the Skin, University of Lübeck, Germany
| | - Reza Akbarzadeh
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Hauke Busch
- Lübeck Institute of Experimental Dermatology and Center for Research on Inflammation of the Skin, University of Lübeck, Germany
| | | | - Tanja Lange
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Hanna Grasshoff
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Alexander M Hackel
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Jeanette Erdmann
- Institute of Medical Biometry and Statistics, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Inke König
- Institute for Cardiogenetics, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Walter Raasch
- Institute of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Mareike Becker
- Department of Dermatology, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Anja Kerstein-Stähle
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Peter Lamprecht
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Gabriela Riemekasten
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Enno Schmidt
- Lübeck Institute of Experimental Dermatology and Center for Research on Inflammation of the Skin, University of Lübeck, Germany; Department of Dermatology, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Ralf J Ludwig
- Lübeck Institute of Experimental Dermatology and Center for Research on Inflammation of the Skin, University of Lübeck, Germany.
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21
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Al-Hajj S, Lemoine R, Chadet S, Goumard A, Legay L, Roxburgh E, Heraud A, Deluce N, Lamendour L, Burlaud-Gaillard J, Gatault P, Büchler M, Roger S, Halimi JM, Baron C. High extracellular sodium chloride concentrations induce resistance to LPS signal in human dendritic cells. Cell Immunol 2023; 384:104658. [PMID: 36566700 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellimm.2022.104658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2022] [Revised: 11/24/2022] [Accepted: 12/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Recent evidence showed that in response to elevated sodium dietary intakes, many body tissues retain Na+ ions for long periods of time and can reach concentrations up to 200 mM. This could modulate the immune system and be responsible for several diseases. However, studies brought contrasted results and the effects of external sodium on human dendritic cell (DC) responses to danger signals remain largely unknown. Considering their central role in triggering T cell response, we tested how NaCl-enriched medium influences human DCs properties. We found that DCs submitted to high extracellular Na+ concentrations up to 200 mM remain viable and maintain the expression of specific DC markers, however, their maturation, chemotaxis toward CCL19, production of pro-inflammatory cytokines and ROS in response to LPS were also partially inhibited. In line with these results, the T-cell allostimulatory capacity of DCs was also inhibited. Finally, our data indicate that high NaCl concentrations triggered the phosphorylation of SGK1 and ERK1/2 kinases. These results raised the possibility that the previously reported pro-inflammatory effects of high NaCl concentrations on T cells might be counterbalanced by a downregulation of DC activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sally Al-Hajj
- EA4245 Transplantation, Immunology & Inflammation (T2I), University of Tours, Tours, France
| | - Roxane Lemoine
- EA4245 Transplantation, Immunology & Inflammation (T2I), University of Tours, Tours, France
| | - Stéphanie Chadet
- EA4245 Transplantation, Immunology & Inflammation (T2I), University of Tours, Tours, France
| | - Annabelle Goumard
- EA4245 Transplantation, Immunology & Inflammation (T2I), University of Tours, Tours, France; Nephrology, Clinical Immunology Department, University Hospital of Tours, Tours, France
| | - Laura Legay
- EA4245 Transplantation, Immunology & Inflammation (T2I), University of Tours, Tours, France
| | - Ellena Roxburgh
- EA4245 Transplantation, Immunology & Inflammation (T2I), University of Tours, Tours, France
| | - Audrey Heraud
- EA4245 Transplantation, Immunology & Inflammation (T2I), University of Tours, Tours, France
| | - Nora Deluce
- EA4245 Transplantation, Immunology & Inflammation (T2I), University of Tours, Tours, France
| | - Lucille Lamendour
- EA4245 Transplantation, Immunology & Inflammation (T2I), University of Tours, Tours, France
| | - Julien Burlaud-Gaillard
- U1259 Morphogenesis and Antigenicity of HIV and Hepatitis virus (MAVIVH), University of Tours, Tours, France; IBISA Facility of Electronic Microscopy, University Hospital of Tours, Tours, France
| | - Philippe Gatault
- EA4245 Transplantation, Immunology & Inflammation (T2I), University of Tours, Tours, France; Nephrology, Clinical Immunology Department, University Hospital of Tours, Tours, France
| | - Mathias Büchler
- EA4245 Transplantation, Immunology & Inflammation (T2I), University of Tours, Tours, France; Nephrology, Clinical Immunology Department, University Hospital of Tours, Tours, France
| | - Sébastien Roger
- EA4245 Transplantation, Immunology & Inflammation (T2I), University of Tours, Tours, France.
| | - Jean-Michel Halimi
- EA4245 Transplantation, Immunology & Inflammation (T2I), University of Tours, Tours, France; Nephrology, Clinical Immunology Department, University Hospital of Tours, Tours, France
| | - Christophe Baron
- EA4245 Transplantation, Immunology & Inflammation (T2I), University of Tours, Tours, France; Nephrology, Clinical Immunology Department, University Hospital of Tours, Tours, France
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22
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Kuang R, O'Keefe SJD, Ramos Del Aguila de Rivers C, Koutroumpakis F, Binion DG. Is Salt at Fault? Dietary Salt Consumption and Inflammatory Bowel Disease. Inflamm Bowel Dis 2023; 29:140-150. [PMID: 35380668 DOI: 10.1093/ibd/izac058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Epidemiological trends have led to a growing consensus that diet plays a central role in the etiopathogenesis of inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD). A Western diet high in ultra-processed foods has been associated with an increased prevalence of IBD worldwide. Much attention has focused on components of the Western diet, including the high fat content, lack of fiber, added sugars, and use of additives, such as carrageenan and other emulsifiers. Less attention has been paid to the impact of high salt intake, an integral component of ultra-processed foods, which has increased dramatically in the US diet over the past 50 years. We review a growing body of literature linking the rise in dietary salt intake with the epidemiology of IBD, increased consumption of salt as a component of ultra-processed foods, high salt intake and imbalances in immune homeostasis, the effects of a high-salt diet on other inflammatory disorders, salt's impact on animal colitis models, salt as an underrecognized component in diet modification-induced remission of IBD, and directions for future investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca Kuang
- University of Toledo College of Medicine & Life Sciences, Toledo, OH, USA
| | - Stephen J D O'Keefe
- University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center (UPMC) Presbyterian Hospital, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | | | - Filippos Koutroumpakis
- University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center (UPMC) Presbyterian Hospital, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - David G Binion
- University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center (UPMC) Presbyterian Hospital, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
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23
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Niiranen T, Erlund I, Jalkanen S, Jula A, Salmi M. Effects of altered salt intake and diet on cytokines in humans: A 20-week randomized cross-over intervention study. Eur J Immunol 2023; 53:e2250074. [PMID: 36330564 PMCID: PMC10100453 DOI: 10.1002/eji.202250074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2022] [Revised: 09/09/2022] [Accepted: 11/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
High sodium concentration alters leukocyte activation, and in particular T-helper (Th) lymphocyte polarization, and drives the development of autoimmune diseases in mouse studies. Similar results have been obtained with human leukocytes under in vitro settings and in few observational studies. Therefore, salt has been implicated as a risk factor for autoimmune diseases. Here, we examined whether physiologically relevant changes in salt intake or diet alter cytokine concentrations. In a 20-wk double-blinded, placebo-controlled study 106 participants were randomized to Habitual and Healthy Nordic diets, and further to Usual Sodium and Reduced Sodium intake groups using a cross-over setup. Plasma concentrations of 45 cytokines were measured at three different time-points using a multiplex assay. Repeated analyses of covariance revealed that high salt ingestion (or changes in the diet) did not induce significant changes in any of the signature cytokines controlling Th1, Th2 or Th17 polarization. Several other pro-inflammatory interleukins, chemokines and growth factors were also unaffected by the level of salt intake or changes in the diet. We conclude that in humans clinically relevant changes in salt intake or diet do not have reflections on the systemic concentrations of pro-inflammatory cytokines in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teemu Niiranen
- Department of Medicine, Turku University Hospital and University of Turku, Turku, Finland.,Department of Public Health Solutions, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Iris Erlund
- Department of Government Services, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Sirpa Jalkanen
- MediCity Research Laboratory, University of Turku, Turku, Finland.,Institute of Biomedicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland.,InFLAMES Research Flagship Center, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Antti Jula
- Department of Public Health Solutions, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Marko Salmi
- MediCity Research Laboratory, University of Turku, Turku, Finland.,Institute of Biomedicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland.,InFLAMES Research Flagship Center, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
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24
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Qu X, Walsh EI, Cherbuin N, Black LJ. Mapping the Literature on Diet and Multiple Sclerosis: A Data-Driven Approach. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14224820. [PMID: 36432507 PMCID: PMC9696310 DOI: 10.3390/nu14224820] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2022] [Revised: 11/09/2022] [Accepted: 11/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic neurological disease of the central nervous system that is currently incurable. Diet may influence the onset and progression of MS. A variety of literature reviews have been conducted in the field of diet and MS. However, conventional reviews mostly focus on specific topics rather than delivering a holistic view of the literature landscape. Using a data-driven approach, we aimed to provide an overview of the literature on diet and MS, revealing gaps in knowledge. We conducted citation network analysis to identify clusters of all available publications about diet and MS over the past 50 years. We also conducted topic analysis of each cluster and illustrated them in word clouds. Four main clusters were identified from 1626 publications: MS risk and symptom management; mouse models of MS; gluten sensitivity; and dysphagia. Citation network analysis revealed that in this emerging field, articles published after 1991 were more likely to be highly cited. Relatively few studies focused on MS disease progression compared to risk factors, and limited evidence was available for many foods and nutrients in relation to MS. Future studies could focus on filling these identified knowledge gaps.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaochen Qu
- Curtin School of Population Health, Curtin University, Bentley, WA 6102, Australia
| | - Erin I. Walsh
- Population Health Exchange, National Centre for Epidemiology and Population Health, Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 2615, Australia
| | - Nicolas Cherbuin
- Department of Health Economics Wellbeing and Society, National Centre for Epidemiology and Population Health, Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 2615, Australia
| | - Lucinda J. Black
- Curtin School of Population Health, Curtin University, Bentley, WA 6102, Australia
- Curtin Health Innovation Research Institute (CHIRI), Curtin University, Bentley, WA 6102, Australia
- Correspondence:
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25
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Melamed E, Palmer JL, Fonken C. Advantages and limitations of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis in breaking down the role of the gut microbiome in multiple sclerosis. Front Mol Neurosci 2022; 15:1019877. [PMID: 36407764 PMCID: PMC9672668 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2022.1019877] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2022] [Accepted: 10/11/2022] [Indexed: 08/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Since the first model of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) was introduced almost a century ago, there has been an ongoing scientific debate about the risks and benefits of using EAE as a model of multiple sclerosis (MS). While there are notable limitations of translating EAE studies directly to human patients, EAE continues to be the most widely used model of MS, and EAE studies have contributed to multiple key breakthroughs in our understanding of MS pathogenesis and discovery of MS therapeutics. In addition, insights from EAE have led to a better understanding of modifiable environmental factors that can influence MS initiation and progression. In this review, we discuss how MS patient and EAE studies compare in our learning about the role of gut microbiome, diet, alcohol, probiotics, antibiotics, and fecal microbiome transplant in neuroinflammation. Ultimately, the combination of rigorous EAE animal studies, novel bioinformatic approaches, use of human cell lines, and implementation of well-powered, age- and sex-matched randomized controlled MS patient trials will be essential for improving MS patient outcomes and developing novel MS therapeutics to prevent and revert MS disease progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Esther Melamed
- Department of Neurology, Dell Medical School, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, United States
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26
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Zhang M, Jin C, Ding Y, Tao Y, Zhang Y, Fu Z, Zhou T, Zhang L, Song Z, Hao Z, Meng J, Liang C. Higher Intake of Fat, Vitamin E-(β+γ), Magnesium, Sodium, and Copper Increases the Susceptibility to Prostatitis-like Symptoms: Evidence from a Chinese Adult Cohort. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14183675. [PMID: 36145052 PMCID: PMC9501331 DOI: 10.3390/nu14183675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2022] [Revised: 08/31/2022] [Accepted: 09/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Prostatitis-like symptoms (PLS) lead to severe discomfort in males in their daily lives. Diet has been established as affecting PLS in our prior study, but the effect of nutrients, particularly for micronutrients remains largely unclear. Methods: This study enrolled 1284 participants from August 2020 to March 2021. The National Institute of Health−Chronic Prostatitis Symptom Index was used to assess PLS. The diet composition was evaluated by the Chinese Food Composition Tables. Results: Participants were separated into PLS (n = 216), control (n = 432), and noninflammatory-abnormal symptoms (NIANS) (n = 608) groups. We observed higher levels of carotene, vitamin C, vitamin E-(β+γ) and subclass, zinc, magnesium, selenium, potassium, sodium, iron and manganese in the PLS group than in the control group. After adjustment for the potential confounders, the elevated risk from IQR2 to IQR4 of fat (P for trend = 0.011), vitamin E-(β+γ) (P for trend = 0.003), magnesium (P for trend = 0.004), sodium (P for trend = 0.001) and copper (P for trend < 0.001) was identified. Conclusions: This is the first study to evaluate the nutrient distribution in PLS patients and reveal that the higher intake of fat, vitamin E-(β+γ), magnesium, sodium, and copper is associated with a risk of PLS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng Zhang
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230022, China
- Institute of Urology, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230022, China
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Genitourinary Diseases, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230022, China
| | - Chen Jin
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230022, China
- Institute of Urology, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230022, China
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Genitourinary Diseases, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230022, China
| | - Yang Ding
- The Second Clinical Medical College, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230022, China
| | - Yuqing Tao
- The Second Clinical Medical College, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230022, China
| | - Yulin Zhang
- The Second Clinical Medical College, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230022, China
| | - Ziyue Fu
- The Second Clinical Medical College, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230022, China
| | - Tao Zhou
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230022, China
| | - Li Zhang
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230022, China
- Institute of Urology, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230022, China
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Genitourinary Diseases, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230022, China
| | - Zhengyao Song
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230022, China
- Institute of Urology, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230022, China
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Genitourinary Diseases, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230022, China
| | - Zongyao Hao
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230022, China
- Institute of Urology, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230022, China
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Genitourinary Diseases, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230022, China
| | - Jialin Meng
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230022, China
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Genitourinary Diseases, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230022, China
- Anhui Clinical Research Center of Urology Disease, Hefei 230022, China
- Correspondence: (J.M.); (C.L.)
| | - Chaozhao Liang
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230022, China
- Institute of Urology, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230022, China
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Genitourinary Diseases, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230022, China
- Correspondence: (J.M.); (C.L.)
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Li S, Wang Y, Wu M, Younis MH, Olson AP, Barnhart TE, Engle JW, Zhu X, Cai W. Spleen-Targeted Glabridin-Loaded Nanoparticles Regulate Polarization of Monocyte/Macrophage (M o /M φ ) for the Treatment of Cerebral Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2022; 34:e2204976. [PMID: 35973230 PMCID: PMC9594991 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202204976] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2022] [Revised: 07/13/2022] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
During cerebral ischemia-reperfusion (I-R) injury, the infiltration of monocyte/macrophages (Mo /Mφ ) into the ischemic penumbra causes inflammatory damage but also regulates tissue repair in the penumbra. The regulation and balance of Mo /Mφ polarization is considered as a potential therapeutic target for treating cerebral I-R injury. Herein, these findings demonstrate that glabridin (Gla)-loaded nanoparticles (i.e., NPGla -5k) can effectively inhibit M1-polarization and enhance M2-polarization of Mo /Mφ . Positron emission tomography (PET) imaging shows that NPGla -5k can selectively accumulate in the spleen following intravenous injection. Spleen-targeted Cy5-NPGla -5k can co-localize with peripheral macrophages in the penumbra at 24 h after tail-vein injection. Interestingly, NPGla -5k treatment can reduce inflammatory damage, protect dying neurons, and improve nervous system function. The protective effect of spleen-targeted NPGla -5k against cerebral I-R injury in mice encourages an exploration of their use for clinical treatment of patients with cerebral I-R injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiyong Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330006, China
| | - Ye Wang
- Department of Neurology, Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330006, China
| | - Miaojin Wu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330006, China
| | - Muhsin H Younis
- Departments of Radiology and Medical Physics, University of Wisconsin - Madison, Madison, WI, 53705, USA
| | - Aeli P Olson
- Departments of Radiology and Medical Physics, University of Wisconsin - Madison, Madison, WI, 53705, USA
| | - Todd E Barnhart
- Departments of Radiology and Medical Physics, University of Wisconsin - Madison, Madison, WI, 53705, USA
| | - Jonathan W Engle
- Departments of Radiology and Medical Physics, University of Wisconsin - Madison, Madison, WI, 53705, USA
| | - Xingen Zhu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330006, China
| | - Weibo Cai
- Departments of Radiology and Medical Physics, University of Wisconsin - Madison, Madison, WI, 53705, USA
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The Role of Diet in Regulation of Macrophages Functioning. Biomedicines 2022; 10:biomedicines10092087. [PMID: 36140188 PMCID: PMC9495355 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10092087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2022] [Revised: 08/20/2022] [Accepted: 08/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
The great importance of diet for health and high life-expectancy is established. The impact of nutrients on immune system is a point of growing research interest. Recent studies have found pro- and anti-inflammatory properties of some diet patterns and nutrients that can be used from the bench to the bedside for chronic low-grade inflammatory status correction. In this regard, the assessment of potential effects of nutrition on macrophage differentiation, proliferation, and functioning in health and disease is highly demanded. In this review, we present current data on the effects of nutrients on the macrophage functioning.
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Li X, Alu A, Wei Y, Wei X, Luo M. The modulatory effect of high salt on immune cells and related diseases. Cell Prolif 2022; 55:e13250. [PMID: 35747936 PMCID: PMC9436908 DOI: 10.1111/cpr.13250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2022] [Revised: 04/20/2022] [Accepted: 04/22/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The adverse effect of excessive salt intake has been recognized in decades. Researchers have mainly focused on the association between salt intake and hypertension. However, studies in recent years have proposed the existence of extra-renal sodium storage and provided insight into the immunomodulatory function of sodium. OBJECTIVES In this review, we discuss the modulatory effects of high salt on various innate and adaptive immune cells and immune-regulated diseases. METHODS We identified papers through electronic searches of PubMed database from inception to March 2022. RESULTS An increasing body of evidence has demonstrated that high salt can modulate the differentiation, activation and function of multiple immune cells. Furthermore, a high-salt diet can increase tissue sodium concentrations and influence the immune responses in microenvironments, thereby affecting the development of immune-regulated diseases, including hypertension, multiple sclerosis, cancer and infections. These findings provide a novel mechanism for the pathology of certain diseases and indicate that salt might serve as a target or potential therapeutic agent in different disease contexts. CONCLUSION High salt has a profound impact on the differentiation, activation and function of multiple immune cells. Additionally, an HSD can modulate the development of various immune-regulated diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xian Li
- Laboratory of Aging Research and Cancer Drug Target, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Aqu Alu
- Laboratory of Aging Research and Cancer Drug Target, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yuquan Wei
- Laboratory of Aging Research and Cancer Drug Target, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xiawei Wei
- Laboratory of Aging Research and Cancer Drug Target, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Min Luo
- Laboratory of Aging Research and Cancer Drug Target, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
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30
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Hengel FE, Benitah JP, Wenzel UO. Mosaic theory revised: inflammation and salt play central roles in arterial hypertension. Cell Mol Immunol 2022; 19:561-576. [PMID: 35354938 PMCID: PMC9061754 DOI: 10.1038/s41423-022-00851-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2021] [Accepted: 02/21/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The mosaic theory of hypertension was advocated by Irvine Page ~80 years ago and suggested that hypertension resulted from the close interactions of different causes. Increasing evidence indicates that hypertension and hypertensive end-organ damage are not only mediated by the proposed mechanisms that result in hemodynamic injury. Inflammation plays an important role in the pathophysiology and contributes to the deleterious consequences of arterial hypertension. Sodium intake is indispensable for normal body function but can be detrimental when it exceeds dietary requirements. Recent data show that sodium levels also modulate the function of monocytes/macrophages, dendritic cells, and different T-cell subsets. Some of these effects are mediated by changes in the microbiome and metabolome due to high-salt intake. The purpose of this review is to propose a revised and extended version of the mosaic theory by summarizing and integrating recent advances in salt, immunity, and hypertension research. Salt and inflammation are placed in the middle of the mosaic because both factors influence each of the remaining pieces.
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NaCl exposure results in increased expression and processing of IL-1β in Meniere's disease patients. Sci Rep 2022; 12:4957. [PMID: 35322136 PMCID: PMC8943007 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-08967-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2021] [Accepted: 03/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Meniere's disease (MD) is a chronic disease that causes episodic vertigo, fluctuating hearing loss, and aural fullness, initially managed by dietary salt reduction, and use of diuretics. Our prior research in autoimmune inner ear disease (AIED) demonstrated that in peripheral blood mononuclear cell (PBMC) from corticosteroid-resistant AIED patients, increased production, processing and release of interleukin-1β (IL-1β) is observed and hearing could be improved with use of anakinra, an interleukin-1 receptor antagonist. We have further identified that in these AIED patients, IL-1β is uniquely processed to a 28 kDa pro-inflammatory product by caspase-7. In the present study, we characterize the production, processing and release of the pro-inflammatory cytokines IL-1β and IL-6 from PBMC of MD (n = 14) patients in response to sodium chloride (NaCl), and determined the effect of the diuretic triamterene-hydrocholothiazide (T-HCTZ), or anakinra in these patients. We observed that PBMC cultured with NaCl from MD patients show processing of IL-1β to the 28 kDa product, and that this product is abrogated with T-HCTZ. Our observations are consistent with other autoimmune diseases where high concentrations of NaCl caused release of pro-inflammatory cytokines and may provide further insight as to the mechanism of disease progression in MD patients.
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32
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Stock JM, Chelimsky G, Edwards DG, Farquhar WB. Dietary sodium and health: How much is too much for those with orthostatic disorders? Auton Neurosci 2022; 238:102947. [PMID: 35131651 PMCID: PMC9296699 DOI: 10.1016/j.autneu.2022.102947] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2021] [Revised: 11/09/2021] [Accepted: 01/16/2022] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
High dietary salt (NaCl) increases blood pressure (BP) and can adversely impact multiple target organs including the vasculature, heart, kidneys, brain, autonomic nervous system, skin, eyes, and bone. However, patients with orthostatic disorders are told to increase their NaCl intake to help alleviate symptoms. While there is evidence to support the short-term benefits of increasing NaCl intake in these patients, there are few studies assessing the benefits and side effects of long-term high dietary NaCl. The evidence reviewed suggests that high NaCl can adversely impact multiple target organs, often independent of BP. However, few of these studies have been performed in patients with orthostatic disorders. We conclude that the recommendation to increase dietary NaCl in patients with orthostatic disorders should be done with care, keeping in mind the adverse impact on dietary NaCl in people without orthostatic disorders. Modest, rather than robust, increases in NaCl intake may be sufficient to alleviate symptoms but also minimize any long-term negative effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph M Stock
- Department of Kinesiology and Applied Physiology, University of Delaware, Newark, DE, United States of America
| | - Gisela Chelimsky
- Department of Pediatrics, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, United States of America
| | - David G Edwards
- Department of Kinesiology and Applied Physiology, University of Delaware, Newark, DE, United States of America
| | - William B Farquhar
- Department of Kinesiology and Applied Physiology, University of Delaware, Newark, DE, United States of America.
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Sehnert B, Pohle S, Heuberger C, Rzepka R, Seidl M, Nimmerjahn F, Chevalier N, Titze J, Voll RE. Low-Salt Diet Attenuates B-Cell- and Myeloid-Cell-Driven Experimental Arthritides by Affecting Innate as Well as Adaptive Immune Mechanisms. Front Immunol 2021; 12:765741. [PMID: 34925335 PMCID: PMC8678127 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.765741] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2021] [Accepted: 11/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
A link between high sodium chloride (salt) intake and the development of autoimmune diseases was previously reported. These earlier studies demonstrated exacerbation of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis and colitis by excess salt intake associated with Th17- and macrophage-mediated mechanisms. Little is known about the impact of dietary salt intake on experimental arthritides. Here, we investigated if salt restriction can exert beneficial effects on collagen-induced arthritis (CIA) and K/BxN serum transfer-induced arthritis (STIA). CIA depends on both adaptive and innate immunity, while STIA predominantly mimics the innate immune cell-driven effector phase of arthritis. In both models, low salt (LS) diet significantly decreased arthritis severity compared to regular salt (RS) and high salt (HS) diet. We did not observe an aggravation of arthritis with HS diet compared to RS diet. Remarkably, in STIA, LS diet was as effective as IL-1 receptor blocking treatment. Complement-fixing anti-CII IgG2a antibodies are associated with inflammatory cell infiltration and cartilage destruction. LS diet reduced anti-CII IgG2a levels in CIA and decreased the anti-CII IgG2a/IgG1 ratios pointing toward a more Th2-like response. Significantly less inflammatory joint infiltrates and cartilage breakdown associated with reduced protein concentrations of IL-1 beta (CIA and STIA), IL-17 (CIA), and the monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1) (CIA) were detected in mice receiving LS diet compared to HS diet. However, we did not find a reduced IL-17A expression in CD4+ T cells upon salt restriction in CIA. Analysis of mRNA transcripts and immunoblots revealed a link between LS diet and inhibition of the p38 MAPK (mitogen-activated protein kinase)/NFAT5 (nuclear factor of activated T-cells 5) signaling axis in STIA. Further experiments indicated a decreased leukodiapedesis under LS conditions. In conclusion, dietary salt restriction ameliorates CIA and STIA, indicating a beneficial role of LS diet during both the immunization and effector phase of immune-mediated arthritides by predominantly modulating the humoral immunity and the activation status of myeloid lineage cells. Hence, salt restriction might represent a supportive dietary intervention not only to reduce cardiovascular risk, but also to improve human inflammatory joint diseases like rheumatoid arthritis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bettina Sehnert
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Medical Center–University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Sandy Pohle
- Department of Medicine 3, Friedrich-Alexander-University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Cornelia Heuberger
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Medical Center–University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Rita Rzepka
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Medical Center–University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Maximilian Seidl
- Institute for Surgical Pathology, Department of Pathology, Medical Center-University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
- Institute of Pathology, Heinrich-Heine University and University Hospital of Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Falk Nimmerjahn
- Institute of Genetics, Department of Biology, University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Nina Chevalier
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Medical Center–University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Jens Titze
- Interdisciplinary Center for Clinical Research and Department of Nephrology and Hypertension, Nikolaus-Fiebiger Center for Molecular Medicine, Friedrich-Alexander-University, Erlangen, Germany
- Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disorders, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Reinhard E. Voll
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Medical Center–University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
- Center for Chronic Immunodeficiency (CCI) Freiburg, Medical Center-University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
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Krampert L, Bauer K, Ebner S, Neubert P, Ossner T, Weigert A, Schatz V, Toelge M, Schröder A, Herrmann M, Schnare M, Dorhoi A, Jantsch J. High Na + Environments Impair Phagocyte Oxidase-Dependent Antibacterial Activity of Neutrophils. Front Immunol 2021; 12:712948. [PMID: 34566968 PMCID: PMC8461097 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.712948] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2021] [Accepted: 08/04/2021] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Infection and inflammation can augment local Na+ abundance. These increases in local Na+ levels boost proinflammatory and antimicrobial macrophage activity and can favor polarization of T cells towards a proinflammatory Th17 phenotype. Although neutrophils play an important role in fighting intruding invaders, the impact of increased Na+ on the antimicrobial activity of neutrophils remains elusive. Here we show that, in neutrophils, increases in Na+ (high salt, HS) impair the ability of human and murine neutrophils to eliminate Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus. High salt caused reduced spontaneous movement, degranulation and impaired production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) while leaving neutrophil viability unchanged. High salt enhanced the activity of the p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (p38/MAPK) and increased the interleukin (IL)-8 release in a p38/MAPK-dependent manner. Whereas inhibition of p38/MAPK did not result in improved neutrophil defense, pharmacological blockade of the phagocyte oxidase (PHOX) or its genetic ablation mimicked the impaired antimicrobial activity detected under high salt conditions. Stimulation of neutrophils with phorbol-12-myristate-13-acetate (PMA) overcame high salt-induced impairment in ROS production and restored antimicrobial activity of neutrophils. Hence, we conclude that high salt-impaired PHOX activity results in diminished antimicrobial activity. Our findings suggest that increases in local Na+ represent an ionic checkpoint that prevents excessive ROS production of neutrophils, which decreases their antimicrobial potential and could potentially curtail ROS-mediated tissue damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luka Krampert
- Institute of Clinical Microbiology and Hygiene, University Hospital of Regensburg and University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Katharina Bauer
- Institute of Clinical Microbiology and Hygiene, University Hospital of Regensburg and University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Stefan Ebner
- Institute of Clinical Microbiology and Hygiene, University Hospital of Regensburg and University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany.,Max Planck Institute (MPI) of Biochemistry, Martinsried, Germany
| | - Patrick Neubert
- Institute of Clinical Microbiology and Hygiene, University Hospital of Regensburg and University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Thomas Ossner
- Institute of Clinical Microbiology and Hygiene, University Hospital of Regensburg and University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Anna Weigert
- Institute of Clinical Microbiology and Hygiene, University Hospital of Regensburg and University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Valentin Schatz
- Institute of Clinical Microbiology and Hygiene, University Hospital of Regensburg and University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Martina Toelge
- Institute of Clinical Microbiology and Hygiene, University Hospital of Regensburg and University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Agnes Schröder
- Institute of Orthodontics, University Hospital of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Martin Herrmann
- Department of Internal Medicine 3-Rheumatology and Immunology and Deutsches Zentrum für Immuntherapie, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg, University Hospital Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Markus Schnare
- Department of Immunology, Philipps University Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | - Anca Dorhoi
- Institute of Immunology, Friedrich-Loeffler Institut, Greifswald, Germany.,Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, University of Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Jonathan Jantsch
- Institute of Clinical Microbiology and Hygiene, University Hospital of Regensburg and University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
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35
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Bernhardt A, Häberer S, Xu J, Damerau H, Steffen J, Reichardt C, Wolters K, Steffen H, Isermann B, Borucki K, Artelt N, Endlich N, Kozyraki R, Brandt S, Lindquist JA, Mertens PR. High salt diet-induced proximal tubular phenotypic changes and sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 expression are coordinated by cold shock Y-box binding protein-1. FASEB J 2021; 35:e21912. [PMID: 34533842 DOI: 10.1096/fj.202100667rr] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2021] [Revised: 07/06/2021] [Accepted: 08/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
High salt diet (HSD) is a hallmark of blood pressure elevations, weight gain and diabetes onset in the metabolic syndrome. In kidney, compensatory mechanisms are activated to balance salt turnover and maintain homeostasis. Data on the long-term effects of HSD with respect to tubular cell functions and kidney architecture that exclude confounding indirect blood pressure effects are scarce. Additionally we focus on cold shock Y-box binding protein-1 as a tubular cell protective factor. A HSD model (4% NaCl in chow; 1% NaCl in water) was compared to normal salt diet (NSD, standard chow) over 16 months using wild type mice and an inducible conditional whole body knockout for cold shock Y-box binding protein-1 (BL6J/N, Ybx1). HSD induced no difference in blood pressure over 16 months, comparing NSD/HSD and Ybx1 wild type/knockout. Nevertheless, marked phenotypic changes were detected. Glucosuria and subnephrotic albuminuria ensued in wild type animals under HSD, which subsided in Ybx1-deficient animals. At the same time megalin receptors were upregulated. The sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 (SGLT2) was completely downregulated in wild type HSD animals that developed glucosuria. In Ybx1 knockouts, expression of AQP1 and SGLT2 was maintained under HSD; proximal tubular widening and glomerular tubularization developed. Concurrently, amino aciduria of neutral and hydrophobic amino acids was seen. In vitro translation confirmed that YB-1 translationally represses Sglt2 transcripts. Our data reveal profound effects of HSD primarily within glomeruli and proximal tubular segments. YB-1 is regulated by HSD and orchestrates HSD-dependent changes; notably, sets reabsorption thresholds for amino acids, proteins and glucose.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anja Bernhardt
- Clinic of Nephrology and Hypertension, Diabetes and Endocrinology, Otto-von-Guericke University Magdeburg, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Saskia Häberer
- Clinic of Nephrology and Hypertension, Diabetes and Endocrinology, Otto-von-Guericke University Magdeburg, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - JingJing Xu
- Clinic of Nephrology and Hypertension, Diabetes and Endocrinology, Otto-von-Guericke University Magdeburg, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Hannah Damerau
- Clinic of Nephrology and Hypertension, Diabetes and Endocrinology, Otto-von-Guericke University Magdeburg, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Johannes Steffen
- Clinic of Nephrology and Hypertension, Diabetes and Endocrinology, Otto-von-Guericke University Magdeburg, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Charlotte Reichardt
- Clinic of Nephrology and Hypertension, Diabetes and Endocrinology, Otto-von-Guericke University Magdeburg, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Katharina Wolters
- Clinic of Nephrology and Hypertension, Diabetes and Endocrinology, Otto-von-Guericke University Magdeburg, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Hannes Steffen
- Clinic of Nephrology and Hypertension, Diabetes and Endocrinology, Otto-von-Guericke University Magdeburg, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Berend Isermann
- Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Pathobiochemistry, Otto-von-Guericke University Magdeburg, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Katrin Borucki
- Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Pathobiochemistry, Otto-von-Guericke University Magdeburg, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Nadine Artelt
- Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany.,NIPOKA GmbH, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Nicole Endlich
- Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany.,NIPOKA GmbH, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Renata Kozyraki
- Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, INSERM, UMRS-1138, Université de Paris, Paris, France
| | - Sabine Brandt
- Clinic of Nephrology and Hypertension, Diabetes and Endocrinology, Otto-von-Guericke University Magdeburg, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Jonathan A Lindquist
- Clinic of Nephrology and Hypertension, Diabetes and Endocrinology, Otto-von-Guericke University Magdeburg, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Peter R Mertens
- Clinic of Nephrology and Hypertension, Diabetes and Endocrinology, Otto-von-Guericke University Magdeburg, Magdeburg, Germany
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36
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Integrin αv and Vitronectin Prime Macrophage-Related Inflammation and Contribute the Development of Dry Eye Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22168410. [PMID: 34445121 PMCID: PMC8395123 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22168410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2021] [Revised: 07/31/2021] [Accepted: 08/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Cell signaling mediated by the αv integrin plays a pivotal role in macrophage activation in various inflammatory processes, but its involvement in the pathogenesis of dry eye disease (DED) remains unclear. In a murine model of DED, we found increased αv integrin expression in ocular surface macrophages. The αv integrins inhibitor c(RGDfK) ameliorated the corneal damage caused by DED, suggesting a pathogenic role for αv integrin. Because tear hyperosmolarity induces ocular inflammation in DED, a hyperosmolar culture of murine bone marrow-derived macrophages (BMDMs) is used to reproduce inflammation in vitro. However, the expression of proinflammatory cytokine mRNA was minimal, even though αv integrin was induced. In searching for components that are involved in αv integrin-mediated inflammation but that are missing from the culture model, we showed that the levels of vitronectin (VTN), a binding ligand of αv integrins, were increased in the tear fluid and conjunctival stroma of DED animals. The addition of VTN prominently enhanced hyperosmolarity-induced inflammation in BMDMs. Mechanistically, we showed that VTN/αv integrins mediated NF-κB activation to induce inflammatory gene expression in the BMDMs. Our findings indicate that interaction the of VTN with αv integrins is a crucial step in the inflammatory process in DED and suggests a novel therapeutic target.
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37
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Huhn K, Linz P, Pemsel F, Michalke B, Seyferth S, Kopp C, Chaudri MA, Rothhammer V, Dörfler A, Uder M, Nagel AM, Müller DN, Waschbisch A, Lee DH, Bäuerle T, Linker RA, Haase S. Skin sodium is increased in male patients with multiple sclerosis and related animal models. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2021; 118:e2102549118. [PMID: 34260395 PMCID: PMC8285971 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2102549118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Novel MRI techniques allow a noninvasive quantification of tissue sodium and reveal the skin as a prominent compartment of sodium storage in health and disease. Since multiple sclerosis (MS) immunopathology is initiated in the periphery and increased sodium concentrations induce proinflammatory immune cells, the skin represents a promising compartment linking high sodium concentrations and MS immunopathology. We used a 7-T sodium MRI (23Na-MRI) and inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry to investigate the skin sodium content in two mouse models of MS. We additionally performed 3-T 23Na-MRI of calf skin and muscles in 29 male relapsing-remitting MS (RRMS) patients and 29 matched healthy controls. Demographic and clinical information was collected from interviews, and disease activity was assessed by expanded disability status scale scoring. 23Na-MRI and chemical analysis demonstrated a significantly increased sodium content in the skin during experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis independent of active immunization. In male patients with RRMS, 23Na-MRI demonstrated a higher sodium signal in the area of the skin compared to age- and biological sex-matched healthy controls with higher sodium, predicting future disease activity in cranial MRI. In both studies, the sodium enrichment was specific to the skin, as we found no alterations of sodium signals in the muscle or other tissues. Our data add to the recently identified importance of the skin as a storage compartment of sodium and may further represent an important organ for future investigations on salt as a proinflammatory agent driving autoimmune neuroinflammation such as that in MS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Konstantin Huhn
- Department of Neurology, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nuremberg, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Peter Linz
- Department of Radiology, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nuremberg, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Franziska Pemsel
- Department of Neurology, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nuremberg, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
- Department of Radiation Therapy, University Hospital Würzburg, 97080 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Bernhard Michalke
- Research Unit Analytical BioGeoChemistry, Helmholtz Zentrum München German Research Center for Environmental Health, 85764 Munich, Germany
| | - Stefan Seyferth
- Division of Pharmaceutics, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nuremberg, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Christoph Kopp
- Department of Nephrology and Hypertension, University Hospital Erlangen, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Mohammad Anwar Chaudri
- Institute of Corrosion and Surface Science, Department of Material Science, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nuremberg, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Veit Rothhammer
- Department of Neurology, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nuremberg, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Arnd Dörfler
- Department of Neuroradiology, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nuremberg, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Michael Uder
- Department of Radiology, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nuremberg, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Armin M Nagel
- Department of Radiology, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nuremberg, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
- Division of Medical Physics in Radiology, German Cancer Research Center, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Dominik N Müller
- Experimental and Clinical Research Center, Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine and Charité-Universitätsmedizin, 13125 Berlin, Germany
- Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association, 13125 Berlin, Germany
- Berlin Institute of Health, 13125 Berlin, Germany
| | - Anne Waschbisch
- Department of Neurology, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nuremberg, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - De-Hyung Lee
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital Regensburg, 93053 Regensburg, Germany
| | - Tobias Bäuerle
- Department of Radiology, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nuremberg, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Ralf A Linker
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital Regensburg, 93053 Regensburg, Germany
| | - Stefanie Haase
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital Regensburg, 93053 Regensburg, Germany
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Jobin K, Müller DN, Jantsch J, Kurts C. Sodium and its manifold impact on our immune system. Trends Immunol 2021; 42:469-479. [PMID: 33962888 DOI: 10.1016/j.it.2021.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2020] [Revised: 04/01/2021] [Accepted: 04/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The Western diet is rich in salt, and a high salt diet (HSD) is suspected to be a risk factor for cardiovascular diseases. It is now widely accepted that an experimental HSD can stimulate components of the immune system, potentially exacerbating certain autoimmune diseases, or alternatively, improving defenses against certain infections, such as cutaneous leishmaniasis. However, recent findings show that an experimental HSD may also aggravate other infections (e.g., pyelonephritis or systemic listeriosis). Here, we discuss the modulatory effects of a HSD on the microbiota, metabolic signaling, hormonal responses, local sodium concentrations, and their effects on various immune cell types in different tissues. We describe how these factors are integrated, resulting either in immune stimulation or suppression in various tissues and disease settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katarzyna Jobin
- Institute of Molecular Medicine and Experimental Immunology, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany; Würzburg Institute of Systems Immunology, Max-Planck Research Group, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Dominik N Müller
- Experimental and Clinical Research Center (ECRC), a cooperation of Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin and Max Delbruck Center for Molecular Medicine, and Max Delbruck Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association (MDC), Berlin, Germany; Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association, Berlin, Germany
| | - Jonathan Jantsch
- Institute of Clinical Microbiology and Hygiene, University Hospital of Regensburg and University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany.
| | - Christian Kurts
- Institute of Molecular Medicine and Experimental Immunology, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, University of Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.
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39
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Geisberger S, Bartolomaeus H, Neubert P, Willebrand R, Zasada C, Bartolomaeus T, McParland V, Swinnen D, Geuzens A, Maifeld A, Krampert L, Vogl M, Mähler A, Wilck N, Markó L, Tilic E, Forslund SK, Binger KJ, Stegbauer J, Dechend R, Kleinewietfeld M, Jantsch J, Kempa S, Müller DN. Salt Transiently Inhibits Mitochondrial Energetics in Mononuclear Phagocytes. Circulation 2021; 144:144-158. [PMID: 33906377 PMCID: PMC8270232 DOI: 10.1161/circulationaha.120.052788] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Supplemental Digital Content is available in the text. Background: Dietary high salt (HS) is a leading risk factor for mortality and morbidity. Serum sodium transiently increases postprandially but can also accumulate at sites of inflammation affecting differentiation and function of innate and adaptive immune cells. Here, we focus on how changes in extracellular sodium, mimicking alterations in the circulation and tissues, affect the early metabolic, transcriptional, and functional adaption of human and murine mononuclear phagocytes. Methods: Using Seahorse technology, pulsed stable isotope-resolved metabolomics, and enzyme activity assays, we characterize the central carbon metabolism and mitochondrial function of human and murine mononuclear phagocytes under HS in vitro. HS as well as pharmacological uncoupling of the electron transport chain under normal salt is used to analyze mitochondrial function on immune cell activation and function (as determined by Escherichiacoli killing and CD4+ T cell migration capacity). In 2 independent clinical studies, we analyze the effect of a HS diet during 2 weeks (URL: http://www.clinicaltrials.gov. Unique identifier: NCT02509962) and short-term salt challenge by a single meal (URL: http://www.clinicaltrials.gov. Unique identifier: NCT04175249) on mitochondrial function of human monocytes in vivo. Results: Extracellular sodium was taken up into the intracellular compartment, followed by the inhibition of mitochondrial respiration in murine and human macrophages. Mechanistically, HS reduces mitochondrial membrane potential, electron transport chain complex II activity, oxygen consumption, and ATP production independently of the polarization status of macrophages. Subsequently, cell activation is altered with improved bactericidal function in HS-treated M1-like macrophages and diminished CD4+ T cell migration in HS-treated M2-like macrophages. Pharmacological uncoupling of the electron transport chain under normal salt phenocopies HS-induced transcriptional changes and bactericidal function of human and murine mononuclear phagocytes. Clinically, also in vivo, rise in plasma sodium concentration within the physiological range reversibly reduces mitochondrial function in human monocytes. In both a 14-day and single meal HS challenge, healthy volunteers displayed a plasma sodium increase of and respectively, that correlated with decreased monocytic mitochondrial oxygen consumption. Conclusions: Our data identify the disturbance of mitochondrial respiration as the initial step by which HS mechanistically influences immune cell function. Although these functional changes might help to resolve bacterial infections, a shift toward proinflammation could accelerate inflammatory cardiovascular disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabrina Geisberger
- Experimental and Clinical Research Center, a joint cooperation of Max-Delbrück-Center for Molecular Medicine and Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Germany (S.G., H.B., V.M., A. Maifeld, A. Mähler, N.W., L.M., S.K.F., R.D., D.N.M.).,Integrative Proteomics and Metabolomics, Berlin Institute for Medical Systems Biology, Max-Delbrück-Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association, Germany (S.G., C.Z., S.K.).,German Center for Cardiovascular Research, partner site Berlin (S.G., H.B., A. Maifeld, A. Mähler, N.W., L.M., S.K.F., R.D., D.N.M.).,Max-Delbrück-Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association, Berlin, Germany (S.G., H.B., V.M., A. Maifeld, A. Mähler, N.W., L.M., S.K.F., R.D., D.N.M.)
| | - Hendrik Bartolomaeus
- Experimental and Clinical Research Center, a joint cooperation of Max-Delbrück-Center for Molecular Medicine and Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Germany (S.G., H.B., V.M., A. Maifeld, A. Mähler, N.W., L.M., S.K.F., R.D., D.N.M.).,German Center for Cardiovascular Research, partner site Berlin (S.G., H.B., A. Maifeld, A. Mähler, N.W., L.M., S.K.F., R.D., D.N.M.).,Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Germany (H.B., V.M., A. Maifeld, A. Mähler, L.M., S.K.F., R.D., D.N.M.).,Max-Delbrück-Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association, Berlin, Germany (S.G., H.B., V.M., A. Maifeld, A. Mähler, N.W., L.M., S.K.F., R.D., D.N.M.)
| | - Patrick Neubert
- Institute of Clinical Microbiology and Hygiene, University Hospital of Regensburg, University of Regensburg, Germany (P.N., L.K., M.V., J.J.)
| | - Ralf Willebrand
- VIB Laboratory of Translational Immunomodulation, VIB Center for Inflammation Research, UHasselt, Campus Diepenbeek, Belgium (R.W., D.S., A.G., M.K.)
| | - Christin Zasada
- Integrative Proteomics and Metabolomics, Berlin Institute for Medical Systems Biology, Max-Delbrück-Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association, Germany (S.G., C.Z., S.K.)
| | | | - Victoria McParland
- Experimental and Clinical Research Center, a joint cooperation of Max-Delbrück-Center for Molecular Medicine and Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Germany (S.G., H.B., V.M., A. Maifeld, A. Mähler, N.W., L.M., S.K.F., R.D., D.N.M.).,Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Germany (H.B., V.M., A. Maifeld, A. Mähler, L.M., S.K.F., R.D., D.N.M.).,Max-Delbrück-Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association, Berlin, Germany (S.G., H.B., V.M., A. Maifeld, A. Mähler, N.W., L.M., S.K.F., R.D., D.N.M.)
| | - Dries Swinnen
- VIB Laboratory of Translational Immunomodulation, VIB Center for Inflammation Research, UHasselt, Campus Diepenbeek, Belgium (R.W., D.S., A.G., M.K.)
| | - Anneleen Geuzens
- VIB Laboratory of Translational Immunomodulation, VIB Center for Inflammation Research, UHasselt, Campus Diepenbeek, Belgium (R.W., D.S., A.G., M.K.)
| | - András Maifeld
- Experimental and Clinical Research Center, a joint cooperation of Max-Delbrück-Center for Molecular Medicine and Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Germany (S.G., H.B., V.M., A. Maifeld, A. Mähler, N.W., L.M., S.K.F., R.D., D.N.M.).,Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Germany (H.B., V.M., A. Maifeld, A. Mähler, L.M., S.K.F., R.D., D.N.M.).,Max-Delbrück-Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association, Berlin, Germany (S.G., H.B., V.M., A. Maifeld, A. Mähler, N.W., L.M., S.K.F., R.D., D.N.M.)
| | - Luka Krampert
- Institute of Clinical Microbiology and Hygiene, University Hospital of Regensburg, University of Regensburg, Germany (P.N., L.K., M.V., J.J.)
| | - Marion Vogl
- Institute of Clinical Microbiology and Hygiene, University Hospital of Regensburg, University of Regensburg, Germany (P.N., L.K., M.V., J.J.)
| | - Anja Mähler
- Experimental and Clinical Research Center, a joint cooperation of Max-Delbrück-Center for Molecular Medicine and Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Germany (S.G., H.B., V.M., A. Maifeld, A. Mähler, N.W., L.M., S.K.F., R.D., D.N.M.).,German Center for Cardiovascular Research, partner site Berlin (S.G., H.B., A. Maifeld, A. Mähler, N.W., L.M., S.K.F., R.D., D.N.M.).,Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Germany (H.B., V.M., A. Maifeld, A. Mähler, L.M., S.K.F., R.D., D.N.M.).,Max-Delbrück-Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association, Berlin, Germany (S.G., H.B., V.M., A. Maifeld, A. Mähler, N.W., L.M., S.K.F., R.D., D.N.M.)
| | - Nicola Wilck
- Experimental and Clinical Research Center, a joint cooperation of Max-Delbrück-Center for Molecular Medicine and Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Germany (S.G., H.B., V.M., A. Maifeld, A. Mähler, N.W., L.M., S.K.F., R.D., D.N.M.).,German Center for Cardiovascular Research, partner site Berlin (S.G., H.B., A. Maifeld, A. Mähler, N.W., L.M., S.K.F., R.D., D.N.M.).,Berlin Institute of Health at Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Germany (N.W.).,Department of Nephrology and Internal Intensive Care Medicine (N.W.).,Max-Delbrück-Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association, Berlin, Germany (S.G., H.B., V.M., A. Maifeld, A. Mähler, N.W., L.M., S.K.F., R.D., D.N.M.)
| | - Lajos Markó
- Experimental and Clinical Research Center, a joint cooperation of Max-Delbrück-Center for Molecular Medicine and Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Germany (S.G., H.B., V.M., A. Maifeld, A. Mähler, N.W., L.M., S.K.F., R.D., D.N.M.).,German Center for Cardiovascular Research, partner site Berlin (S.G., H.B., A. Maifeld, A. Mähler, N.W., L.M., S.K.F., R.D., D.N.M.).,Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Germany (H.B., V.M., A. Maifeld, A. Mähler, L.M., S.K.F., R.D., D.N.M.).,Max-Delbrück-Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association, Berlin, Germany (S.G., H.B., V.M., A. Maifeld, A. Mähler, N.W., L.M., S.K.F., R.D., D.N.M.)
| | - Ekin Tilic
- Institute of Evolutionary Biology, University of Bonn, Germany (T.B., E.T.)
| | - Sofia K Forslund
- Experimental and Clinical Research Center, a joint cooperation of Max-Delbrück-Center for Molecular Medicine and Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Germany (S.G., H.B., V.M., A. Maifeld, A. Mähler, N.W., L.M., S.K.F., R.D., D.N.M.).,German Center for Cardiovascular Research, partner site Berlin (S.G., H.B., A. Maifeld, A. Mähler, N.W., L.M., S.K.F., R.D., D.N.M.).,Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Germany (H.B., V.M., A. Maifeld, A. Mähler, L.M., S.K.F., R.D., D.N.M.).,Max-Delbrück-Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association, Berlin, Germany (S.G., H.B., V.M., A. Maifeld, A. Mähler, N.W., L.M., S.K.F., R.D., D.N.M.)
| | - Katrina J Binger
- Department of Biochemistry and Genetics, La Trobe Institute for Molecular Science, La Trobe University, Bundoora, Australia (K.J.B.)
| | - Johannes Stegbauer
- Department of Nephrology, Medical Faculty, University Hospital Düsseldorf, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, Germany (J.S.)
| | - Ralf Dechend
- Experimental and Clinical Research Center, a joint cooperation of Max-Delbrück-Center for Molecular Medicine and Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Germany (S.G., H.B., V.M., A. Maifeld, A. Mähler, N.W., L.M., S.K.F., R.D., D.N.M.).,German Center for Cardiovascular Research, partner site Berlin (S.G., H.B., A. Maifeld, A. Mähler, N.W., L.M., S.K.F., R.D., D.N.M.).,Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Germany (H.B., V.M., A. Maifeld, A. Mähler, L.M., S.K.F., R.D., D.N.M.).,Max-Delbrück-Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association, Berlin, Germany (S.G., H.B., V.M., A. Maifeld, A. Mähler, N.W., L.M., S.K.F., R.D., D.N.M.).,Department of Cardiology and Nephrology, HELIOS-Klinikum, Berlin, Germany (R.D.)
| | - Markus Kleinewietfeld
- VIB Laboratory of Translational Immunomodulation, VIB Center for Inflammation Research, UHasselt, Campus Diepenbeek, Belgium (R.W., D.S., A.G., M.K.)
| | - Jonathan Jantsch
- Institute of Clinical Microbiology and Hygiene, University Hospital of Regensburg, University of Regensburg, Germany (P.N., L.K., M.V., J.J.)
| | - Stefan Kempa
- Integrative Proteomics and Metabolomics, Berlin Institute for Medical Systems Biology, Max-Delbrück-Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association, Germany (S.G., C.Z., S.K.)
| | - Dominik N Müller
- Experimental and Clinical Research Center, a joint cooperation of Max-Delbrück-Center for Molecular Medicine and Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Germany (S.G., H.B., V.M., A. Maifeld, A. Mähler, N.W., L.M., S.K.F., R.D., D.N.M.).,German Center for Cardiovascular Research, partner site Berlin (S.G., H.B., A. Maifeld, A. Mähler, N.W., L.M., S.K.F., R.D., D.N.M.).,Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Germany (H.B., V.M., A. Maifeld, A. Mähler, L.M., S.K.F., R.D., D.N.M.).,Max-Delbrück-Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association, Berlin, Germany (S.G., H.B., V.M., A. Maifeld, A. Mähler, N.W., L.M., S.K.F., R.D., D.N.M.)
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Absence of Endolymphatic Sac Ion Transport Proteins in Large Vestibular Aqueduct Syndrome-A Human Temporal Bone Study. Otol Neurotol 2021; 41:e1256-e1263. [PMID: 32890293 DOI: 10.1097/mao.0000000000002832] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
HYPOTHESIS Epithelial ion transport pathologies of the endolymphatic sac (ES) are associated with large vestibular aqueduct syndrome (LVAS). BACKGROUND LVAS is defined by the pathognomonic features of a widened bony vestibular aqueduct (VA) and an enlarged ES. The underlying cause of its associated cochleovestibular symptoms remains elusive. Disturbances in epithelial ion transport in the enlarged ES, affecting inner ear fluid regulation, were proposed as a possible pathophysiology. However, although respective epithelial ion transport pathologies have been demonstrated in the enlarged ES from transgenic LVAS mouse models, these pathologies have not been investigated in human LVAS cases. METHODS Histological and immunohistochemical analysis of the enlarged ES epithelium in postmortem temporal bones from two individuals with a clinical diagnosis of LVAS. RESULTS The enlarged ES epithelium demonstrated an overall atypical epithelial differentiation and a lack of the immunolocalization of signature ion transport proteins. Notably, in both cases, a rudimentary branch of the ES with a typically differentiated ES epithelium was present. CONCLUSIONS The described cellular and molecular pathologies of the enlarged ES in humans provide evidence of epithelial transport pathology as one potential cause of cochleovestibular symptoms in LVAS. The present findings also emphasize the clinical relevance of already established LVAS mouse models.
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41
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Minamino H, Katsushima M, Hashimoto M, Fujita Y, Yoshida T, Ikeda K, Isomura N, Oguri Y, Yamamoto W, Watanabe R, Murakami K, Murata K, Nishitani K, Tanaka M, Ito H, Ohmura K, Matsuda S, Inagaki N, Morinobu A. Urinary sodium-to-potassium ratio associates with hypertension and current disease activity in patients with rheumatoid arthritis: a cross-sectional study. Arthritis Res Ther 2021; 23:96. [PMID: 33773587 PMCID: PMC8004419 DOI: 10.1186/s13075-021-02479-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2020] [Accepted: 03/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Excessive salt intake is thought to exacerbate both development of hypertension and autoimmune diseases in animal models, but the clinical impact of excessive salt in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) patients is still unknown. We performed a cross-sectional study to clarify the associations between salt load index (urinary sodium-to-potassium ratio (Na/K ratio)), current disease activity, and hypertension in an RA population. Methods Three hundred thirty-six participants from our cohort database (KURAMA) were enrolled. We used the spot urine Na/K ratio as a simplified index of salt loading and used the 28-Joint RA Disease Activity Score (DAS28-ESR) as an indicator of current RA disease activity. Using these indicators, we evaluated statistical associations between urinary Na/K ratio, DAS28-ESR, and prevalence of hypertension. Results Urinary Na/K ratio was positively associated with measured systolic and diastolic blood pressure and also with prevalence of hypertension even after covariate adjustment (OR 1.34, p < 0.001). In addition, increased urinary Na/K ratio was significantly and positively correlated with DAS28-ESR in multiple regression analysis (estimate 0.12, p < 0.001), as was also the case in gender-separated and prednisolone-separated sub-analyses. Conclusion Urinary Na/K ratio was independently associated with current disease activity as well as with prevalence of hypertension in RA patients. Thus, dietary modifications such as salt restriction and potassium supplementation should be investigated as a potential candidate for attenuating both disease activity and hypertension in RA patients. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s13075-021-02479-x.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroto Minamino
- Department of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Nutrition, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, 54 Shogoin, Kawahara-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto-shi, Kyoto, 606-8507, Japan. .,Japan Society for the Promotion of Science, 5-3-1 Kojimachi, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo, 102-0083, Japan.
| | - Masao Katsushima
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, 54 Shogoin, Kawahara-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto-shi, Kyoto, 606-8507, Japan
| | - Motomu Hashimoto
- Department of Advanced Medicine for Rheumatic Diseases, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, 54 Shogoin, Kawahara-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto-shi, Kyoto, 606-8507, Japan.
| | - Yoshihito Fujita
- Department of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Nutrition, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, 54 Shogoin, Kawahara-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto-shi, Kyoto, 606-8507, Japan.
| | - Tamami Yoshida
- Department of Epidemiology for Community Health and Medicine, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, 465 Kajii-cho, Kamigyo-ku, Kyoto, Kyoto-shi, Kyoto, 602-8566, Japan
| | - Kaori Ikeda
- Department of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Nutrition, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, 54 Shogoin, Kawahara-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto-shi, Kyoto, 606-8507, Japan
| | - Nozomi Isomura
- Department of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Nutrition, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, 54 Shogoin, Kawahara-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto-shi, Kyoto, 606-8507, Japan
| | - Yasuo Oguri
- Department of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Nutrition, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, 54 Shogoin, Kawahara-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto-shi, Kyoto, 606-8507, Japan
| | - Wataru Yamamoto
- Department of Health Information Management, Kurashiki Sweet Hospital, 3542-1 Nakasho, Krashiki, Okayama, 710-0016, Japan
| | - Ryu Watanabe
- Department of Advanced Medicine for Rheumatic Diseases, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, 54 Shogoin, Kawahara-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto-shi, Kyoto, 606-8507, Japan
| | - Kosaku Murakami
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, 54 Shogoin, Kawahara-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto-shi, Kyoto, 606-8507, Japan
| | - Koichi Murata
- Department of Advanced Medicine for Rheumatic Diseases, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, 54 Shogoin, Kawahara-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto-shi, Kyoto, 606-8507, Japan.,Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, 54 Shogoin, Kawahara-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto-shi, Kyoto, 606-8507, Japan
| | - Kohei Nishitani
- Department of Advanced Medicine for Rheumatic Diseases, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, 54 Shogoin, Kawahara-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto-shi, Kyoto, 606-8507, Japan
| | - Masao Tanaka
- Department of Advanced Medicine for Rheumatic Diseases, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, 54 Shogoin, Kawahara-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto-shi, Kyoto, 606-8507, Japan
| | - Hiromu Ito
- Department of Advanced Medicine for Rheumatic Diseases, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, 54 Shogoin, Kawahara-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto-shi, Kyoto, 606-8507, Japan.,Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, 54 Shogoin, Kawahara-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto-shi, Kyoto, 606-8507, Japan
| | - Koichiro Ohmura
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, 54 Shogoin, Kawahara-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto-shi, Kyoto, 606-8507, Japan
| | - Shuichi Matsuda
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, 54 Shogoin, Kawahara-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto-shi, Kyoto, 606-8507, Japan
| | - Nobuya Inagaki
- Department of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Nutrition, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, 54 Shogoin, Kawahara-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto-shi, Kyoto, 606-8507, Japan
| | - Akio Morinobu
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, 54 Shogoin, Kawahara-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto-shi, Kyoto, 606-8507, Japan
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Moles L, Egimendia A, Osorio-Querejeta I, Iparraguirre L, Alberro A, Suárez J, Sepúlveda L, Castillo-Triviño T, Muñoz-Culla M, Ramos-Cabrer P, Otaegui D. Gut Microbiota Changes in Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis and Cuprizone Mice Models. ACS Chem Neurosci 2021; 12:893-905. [PMID: 33566588 DOI: 10.1021/acschemneuro.0c00695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic and neurodegenerative disease of the central nervous system (CNS) characterized by the immune mediated attack on axons and the subsequent demyelination. There is growing evidence that the gut microbiota of MS patients is altered; however, the connection between demyelination events and changes in the gut microbiota has not been determined. The objective of the current work was to characterize the microbial dysbiosis in two murine demyelinating models and to study the correlation between them. Concurrently, their suitability as predictors of microbial changes in MS patients was assessed. To this purpose, experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) and cuprizone (CPZ) models were induced in C57BL/6 mice that were monitored for 4 and 9 weeks, respectively. Fecal samples were collected during disease progression. Motor skill performance was evaluated by EAE scale measurement in EAE mice and demyelination by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in CPZ ones. EAE and CPZ mice revealed drastic microbial changes according to disease progression, adding a new layer of complexity to the understanding of demyelination and remyelination processes. Besides, the reported microbial changes replicate most of the characteristics that define the potential dysbiosis in MS patients. The controlled environment and stable diet that animals have in research centers offer an exceptional scenario to modify animal's microbiota and provide opportunities to study host microbiota interplay with restrained conditions not achievable in human studies. Nevertheless the slight differences from murine model's and patient's microbiota should be considered in the design of studies aiming to modulate the microbiota.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Moles
- Multiple Sclerosis Group, Neuroscience Area, Biodonostia Research Institute, San Sebastian 20014, Spain
| | - Ander Egimendia
- Center for Cooperative Research in Biomaterials (CIC biomaGUNE), Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), Paseo Miramón 182, Donostia, San Sebastián 20014, Spain
| | - Iñaki Osorio-Querejeta
- Multiple Sclerosis Group, Neuroscience Area, Biodonostia Research Institute, San Sebastian 20014, Spain
| | - Leire Iparraguirre
- Multiple Sclerosis Group, Neuroscience Area, Biodonostia Research Institute, San Sebastian 20014, Spain
| | - Ainhoa Alberro
- Multiple Sclerosis Group, Neuroscience Area, Biodonostia Research Institute, San Sebastian 20014, Spain
| | - Jose Suárez
- Multiple Sclerosis Group, Neuroscience Area, Biodonostia Research Institute, San Sebastian 20014, Spain
| | - Lucía Sepúlveda
- Multiple Sclerosis Group, Neuroscience Area, Biodonostia Research Institute, San Sebastian 20014, Spain
- Spanish Network of Multiple Sclerosis (REEM),, Barcelona 08028Spain
| | - Tamara Castillo-Triviño
- Multiple Sclerosis Group, Neuroscience Area, Biodonostia Research Institute, San Sebastian 20014, Spain
- Spanish Network of Multiple Sclerosis (REEM),, Barcelona 08028Spain
- Neurology Department, Donostia University Hospital, Osakidetza, San Sebastián 20014, Spain
| | - Maider Muñoz-Culla
- Multiple Sclerosis Group, Neuroscience Area, Biodonostia Research Institute, San Sebastian 20014, Spain
- Spanish Network of Multiple Sclerosis (REEM),, Barcelona 08028Spain
| | - Pedro Ramos-Cabrer
- Center for Cooperative Research in Biomaterials (CIC biomaGUNE), Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), Paseo Miramón 182, Donostia, San Sebastián 20014, Spain
- Ikerbasque, Basque Foundation for Science, Bilbao 48009, Spain
| | - David Otaegui
- Multiple Sclerosis Group, Neuroscience Area, Biodonostia Research Institute, San Sebastian 20014, Spain
- Spanish Network of Multiple Sclerosis (REEM),, Barcelona 08028Spain
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Tan J, Ni D, Ribeiro RV, Pinget GV, Macia L. How Changes in the Nutritional Landscape Shape Gut Immunometabolism. Nutrients 2021; 13:823. [PMID: 33801480 PMCID: PMC7999246 DOI: 10.3390/nu13030823] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2021] [Revised: 02/25/2021] [Accepted: 02/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Cell survival, proliferation and function are energy-demanding processes, fuelled by different metabolic pathways. Immune cells like any other cells will adapt their energy production to their function with specific metabolic pathways characteristic of resting, inflammatory or anti-inflammatory cells. This concept of immunometabolism is revolutionising the field of immunology, opening the gates for novel therapeutic approaches aimed at altering immune responses through immune metabolic manipulations. The first part of this review will give an extensive overview on the metabolic pathways used by immune cells. Diet is a major source of energy, providing substrates to fuel these different metabolic pathways. Protein, lipid and carbohydrate composition as well as food additives can thus shape the immune response particularly in the gut, the first immune point of contact with food antigens and gastrointestinal tract pathogens. How diet composition might affect gut immunometabolism and its impact on diseases will also be discussed. Finally, the food ingested by the host is also a source of energy for the micro-organisms inhabiting the gut lumen particularly in the colon. The by-products released through the processing of specific nutrients by gut bacteria also influence immune cell activity and differentiation. How bacterial metabolites influence gut immunometabolism will be covered in the third part of this review. This notion of immunometabolism and immune function is recent and a deeper understanding of how lifestyle might influence gut immunometabolism is key to prevent or treat diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Tan
- The Charles Perkins Centre, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia; (J.T.); (D.N.); (R.V.R.); (G.V.P.)
- School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
| | - Duan Ni
- The Charles Perkins Centre, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia; (J.T.); (D.N.); (R.V.R.); (G.V.P.)
- School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
| | - Rosilene V. Ribeiro
- The Charles Perkins Centre, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia; (J.T.); (D.N.); (R.V.R.); (G.V.P.)
- School of Life and Environmental Science, Faculty of Science, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
| | - Gabriela V. Pinget
- The Charles Perkins Centre, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia; (J.T.); (D.N.); (R.V.R.); (G.V.P.)
- School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
| | - Laurence Macia
- The Charles Perkins Centre, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia; (J.T.); (D.N.); (R.V.R.); (G.V.P.)
- School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
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Serizawa N, Okazaki S, Otsuka Y, Koto M, Okabe K, Ito M, Morita T, Hoashi T, Saeki H, Abe N, Mori M, Okubo Y, Yano Y, Mitsui H, Kanda N. Dietary habits in Japanese patients with palmoplantar pustulosis. J Dermatol 2021; 48:366-375. [PMID: 33404125 DOI: 10.1111/1346-8138.15719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2020] [Accepted: 11/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Palmoplantar pustulosis (PPP) is a chronic dermatitis characterized by sterile intra-epidermal pustules associated with erythema and scales on the palms and soles. Tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α/interleukin (IL)-23/IL-17 inflammatory pathway may be involved in the pathogenesis of PPP, and the skin lesions manifest the enhanced expression of IL-8 in keratinocytes and increased levels of antimicrobial peptide cathelicidin, leucine leucine-37 in vesicles/pustules. Some PPP patients are associated with arthro-osteitis, called pustulotic arthro-osteitis (PAO). Dietary habits may modulate the pathogenesis of PPP, however, have not been investigated in PPP patients. We evaluated dietary habits in adult Japanese PPP patients, using a validated, brief-type self-administered diet history questionnaire, and compared their results to those of age- and sex-matched healthy controls. The results in PPP patients with PAO were compared to those in the patients without. Japanese PPP patients showed higher body mass indices (BMIs), higher intakes of pulses and sugar/sweeteners, and lower intake of vitamin A, compared to those of healthy controls. The bivariate and multivariable logistic regression analysis showed that PPP was associated with high BMI, high intake of pulses, and low intake of vitamin A. The sodium intake and BMI were positively correlated with palmoplantar pustulosis area and severity index (PPPASI). The linear multivariate regression analysis revealed that sodium intake and BMI were predictors of PPPASI. The age and sodium intake in the patients with PAO were lower than those in the patients without. The bivariate and multivariable logistic regression analysis showed that PAO was negatively associated with age and sodium intake. This is the first study showing the dietary habits in patients with PPP. Further studies should clarify if the dietary intervention to correct the BMI and sodium intake will alter the progress of PPP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naotaka Serizawa
- Department of Dermatology, Nippon Medical School Chiba Hokusoh Hospital, Inzai, Chiba, Japan
- Department of Dermatology, Nippon Medical School, Bunkyo-Ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shizuka Okazaki
- Department of Dermatology, Nippon Medical School Chiba Hokusoh Hospital, Inzai, Chiba, Japan
| | - Yohei Otsuka
- Department of Dermatology, Nippon Medical School Chiba Hokusoh Hospital, Inzai, Chiba, Japan
| | - Mototaka Koto
- Department of Dermatology, Nippon Medical School Chiba Hokusoh Hospital, Inzai, Chiba, Japan
| | - Kyochika Okabe
- Department of Dermatology, Nippon Medical School Chiba Hokusoh Hospital, Inzai, Chiba, Japan
| | - Michiko Ito
- Department of Dermatology, Nippon Medical School Chiba Hokusoh Hospital, Inzai, Chiba, Japan
| | - Takashi Morita
- Department of Dermatology, Nippon Medical School, Bunkyo-Ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Toshihiko Hoashi
- Department of Dermatology, Nippon Medical School, Bunkyo-Ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hidehisa Saeki
- Department of Dermatology, Nippon Medical School, Bunkyo-Ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Namiko Abe
- Department of Dermatology, Nippon Medical School, Bunkyo-Ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Miho Mori
- Department of Dermatology, Tokyo Medical University, Shinjuku-Ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yukari Okubo
- Department of Dermatology, Tokyo Medical University, Shinjuku-Ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yumiko Yano
- Department of Dermatology, Tokyo Medical University, Shinjuku-Ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Mitsui
- Department of Dermatology, Tokyo Teishin Hospital, Chiyoda-Ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Naoko Kanda
- Department of Dermatology, Nippon Medical School Chiba Hokusoh Hospital, Inzai, Chiba, Japan
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45
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Liu Y, Dai X, Yang S, Peng Y, Hou F, Zhou Q. High salt aggravates renal inflammation via promoting pro-inflammatory macrophage in 5/6-nephrectomized rat. Life Sci 2021; 274:119109. [PMID: 33513393 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2021.119109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2020] [Revised: 01/11/2021] [Accepted: 01/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
The increasing incident of chronic kidney disease (CKD) in recent years might be related to a change in dietary habits, known as excessive salt intake. Given excessive salt promotes pathogenic T cells responses. Since the importance of macrophage in the development of CKD, we addressed the effect of high salt loading on in a rat CKD model. We observed that 5/6Nx rats receiving a high salt diet showed strongly enhanced macrophage infiltration and activation in the renal tissue accompanied by deteriorated renal inflammation. Then we used the microarray expression profiling to detect the effect of additional Nacl on peritoneal macrophage derived from 5/6Nx. The NaCl treatment of macrophage extracted from 5/6Nx rat elicited a strong pro-inflammatory phenotype characterized by enhanced proinflammatory cytokine production, increased expression of molecules mainly involved in immune response process. This NaCl-induced pro-inflammatory macrophage phenotype was accompanied by increased phosphorylation of STAT1. Taken together, our study demonstrated that high salt intake promotes immune activation of macrophages through the STAT1 independently and exacerbates the kidney accompanied by promotion of inflammation. Thus, changes in diet may provide a novel strategy for the prevention or amelioration of CKD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research, National Clinical Research Center of Kidney Disease, Division of Nephrology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiaoyan Dai
- State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research, National Clinical Research Center of Kidney Disease, Division of Nephrology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shaohua Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research, National Clinical Research Center of Kidney Disease, Division of Nephrology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yan Peng
- State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research, National Clinical Research Center of Kidney Disease, Division of Nephrology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Fanfan Hou
- State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research, National Clinical Research Center of Kidney Disease, Division of Nephrology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qiugen Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research, National Clinical Research Center of Kidney Disease, Division of Nephrology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China.
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Son M, Oh S, Lee HS, Choi J, Lee BJ, Park JH, Park CH, Son KH, Byun K. Gamma-aminobutyric acid-salt attenuated high cholesterol/high salt diet induced hypertension in mice. THE KOREAN JOURNAL OF PHYSIOLOGY & PHARMACOLOGY : OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF THE KOREAN PHYSIOLOGICAL SOCIETY AND THE KOREAN SOCIETY OF PHARMACOLOGY 2021; 25:27-38. [PMID: 33361535 PMCID: PMC7756537 DOI: 10.4196/kjpp.2021.25.1.27] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2020] [Revised: 10/04/2020] [Accepted: 10/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Excessive salt intake induces hypertension, but several gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) supplements have been shown to reduce blood pressure. GABAsalt, a fermented salt by L. brevis BJ20 containing GABA was prepared through the post-fermentation with refined salt and the fermented GABA extract. We evaluated the effect of GABA-salt on hypertension in a high salt, high cholesterol diet induced mouse model. We analyzed type 1 macrophage (M1) polarization, the expression of M1 related cytokines, GABA receptor expression, endothelial cell (EC) dysfunction, vascular smooth muscle cell (VSMC) proliferation, and medial thicknesses in mice model. GABA-salt attenuated diet-induced blood pressure increases, M1 polarization, and TNF-α and inducible nitric oxide synthase (NOS) levels in mouse aortas, and in salt treated macrophages in vitro. Furthermore, GABA-salt induced higher GABAB receptor and endothelial NOS (eNOS) and eNOS phosphorylation levels than those observed in salt treated ECs. In addition, GABA-salt attenuated EC dysfunction by decreasing the levels of adhesion molecules (E-selectin, Intercellular Adhesion Molecule-1 [ICAM-1], vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 [VCAM-1]) and of von Willebrand Factor and reduced EC death. GABA-salt also reduced diet-induced reductions in the levels of eNOS, phosphorylated eNOS, VSMC proliferation and medial thickening in mouse aortic tissues, and attenuated Endothelin-1 levels in salt treated VSMCs. In summary, GABA-salt reduced high salt, high cholesterol diet induced hypertension in our mouse model by reducing M1 polarization, EC dysfunction, and VSMC proliferation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Myeongjoo Son
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Gachon University College of Medicine, Incheon 21999, Korea
- Functional Cellular Networks Laboratory, Lee Gil Ya Cancer and Diabetes Institute, Gachon University, Incheon 21999, Korea
| | - Seyeon Oh
- Functional Cellular Networks Laboratory, Lee Gil Ya Cancer and Diabetes Institute, Gachon University, Incheon 21999, Korea
| | - Hye Sun Lee
- Functional Cellular Networks Laboratory, Lee Gil Ya Cancer and Diabetes Institute, Gachon University, Incheon 21999, Korea
| | - Junwon Choi
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Gachon University College of Medicine, Incheon 21999, Korea
- Functional Cellular Networks Laboratory, Lee Gil Ya Cancer and Diabetes Institute, Gachon University, Incheon 21999, Korea
| | - Bae-Jin Lee
- Marine Bioprocess Co., Ltd., Busan 46048, Korea
| | | | - Chul Hyun Park
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Gachon University Gil Medical Center, Gachon University, Incheon 21565, Korea
| | - Kuk Hui Son
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Gachon University Gil Medical Center, Gachon University, Incheon 21565, Korea
| | - Kyunghee Byun
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Gachon University College of Medicine, Incheon 21999, Korea
- Functional Cellular Networks Laboratory, Lee Gil Ya Cancer and Diabetes Institute, Gachon University, Incheon 21999, Korea
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Astapenko D, Navratil P, Pouska J, Cerny V. Clinical physiology aspects of chloremia in fluid therapy: a systematic review. Perioper Med (Lond) 2020; 9:40. [PMID: 33298166 PMCID: PMC7727154 DOI: 10.1186/s13741-020-00171-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2020] [Accepted: 11/30/2020] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background This systematic review discusses a clinical physiology aspect of chloride in fluid therapy. Crystalloid solutions are one of the most widely used remedies. While generally used in medicine for almost 190 years, studies focused largely on their safety have only been published since the new millennium. The most widely used solution, normal saline, is most often referred to in this context. Its excessive administration results in hyperchloremic metabolic acidosis with other consequences, including higher mortality rates. Methods Original papers and review articles eligible for developing the present paper were identified by searching online in the electronic MEDLINE database. The keywords searched for included hyperchloremia, hypochloremia, and compound words containing the word “chloride,” infusion therapy, metabolic acidosis, renal failure, and review. Results A total of 21,758 papers published before 31 May 2020 were identified; of this number, 630 duplicates were removed from the list. Upon excluding articles based on their title or abstract, 1850 papers were screened, of which 63 full-text articles were assessed. Conclusions According to the latest medical concepts, dyschloremia (both hyperchloremia and hypochloremia) represents a factor indisputably having a negative effect on selected variables of clinical outcome. As infusion therapy can significantly impact chloride homeostasis of the body, the choice of infusion solutions should always take into account the potentially adverse impact of chloride content on chloremia and organ function.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Astapenko
- Department of Anesthesiology, Resuscitation and Intensive Care Medicine, University Hospital Hradec Kralove, Sokolská 581, 500 05, Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic. .,Faculty of Medicine in Hradec Kralove, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic.
| | - Pavel Navratil
- Faculty of Medicine in Hradec Kralove, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic.,Department of Urology, University Hospital Hradec Kralove, Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
| | - Jiri Pouska
- Department of Anesthesiology, Resuscitation and Intensive Care Medicine, University Hospital Plzen, Plzen, Czech Republic.,Faculty of Medicine in Plzen, Charles University, Plzen, Czech Republic
| | - Vladimir Cerny
- Department of Anesthesiology, Resuscitation and Intensive Care Medicine, University Hospital Hradec Kralove, Sokolská 581, 500 05, Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic.,Faculty of Medicine in Hradec Kralove, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic.,Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative and Intensive Care Medicine, Faculty of Healthcare Studies, J. E. Purkyne University in Usti nad Labem and Krajska zdravotni a.s. (Regional Healthcare JSC), Masaryk Hospital in Usti nad Labem, Usti nad Labem, Czech Republic.,Center of Research and Development, University Hospital Hradec Kralove, Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic.,Department of Anesthesia, Pain Management and Perioperative Medicine, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada.,Technical University in Liberec, Liberec, Czech Republic
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48
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Haase S, Wilck N, Haghikia A, Gold R, Mueller DN, Linker RA. The role of the gut microbiota and microbial metabolites in neuroinflammation. Eur J Immunol 2020; 50:1863-1870. [PMID: 33188704 DOI: 10.1002/eji.201847807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2020] [Revised: 09/30/2020] [Accepted: 11/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Recent literature indicates a potential importance of the gut microbiota for immune-mediated diseases. For instance, decreased diversity of commensals or an outgrowth of some bacterial strains, referred to as gut dysbiosis, was recently linked to hypertension, colitis, lupus, rheumatoid arthritis, and multiple sclerosis (MS). Studies in experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) as pivotal animal model of MS revealed a potential importance of microbial metabolites, including short-chain fatty acids or tryptophan metabolites. Both metabolites may influence the disease by modulation of the immune system, mainly by inducing Treg. These studies prompted researchers to investigate the contribution of the gut microbiota and microbial metabolites in the pathogenesis of MS. This review summarizes recent findings on the gut microbiota in MS patients and discusses the potential mechanisms how microbial metabolites may affect neuroinflammation. Many of these studies have been performed in the EAE model and were later reversely translated to humans. We also give a short summary on dietary high-salt effects on microbiota components and discuss the potential relevance of high-salt as a risk factor in MS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefanie Haase
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Nicola Wilck
- Medizinische Klinik mit Schwerpunkt Nephrologie und Internistische Intensivmedizin, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany.,Experimental and Clinical Research Center, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin and Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine, Berlin, Germany.,Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association, Berlin, Germany.,DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Berlin, Germany.,Berlin Institute of Health (BIH), Berlin, Germany
| | - Aiden Haghikia
- Department of Neurology, University Medicine Magdeburg, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Ralf Gold
- Department of Neurology, Ruhr University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | - Dominik N Mueller
- Experimental and Clinical Research Center, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin and Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine, Berlin, Germany.,Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association, Berlin, Germany.,DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Berlin, Germany.,Berlin Institute of Health (BIH), Berlin, Germany
| | - Ralf A Linker
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
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Hypotheses about sub-optimal hydration in the weeks before coronavirus disease (COVID-19) as a risk factor for dying from COVID-19. Med Hypotheses 2020; 144:110237. [PMID: 33254543 PMCID: PMC7467030 DOI: 10.1016/j.mehy.2020.110237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2020] [Revised: 08/20/2020] [Accepted: 08/30/2020] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
To address urgent need for strategies to limit mortality from coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), this review describes experimental, clinical and epidemiological evidence that suggests that chronic sub-optimal hydration in the weeks before infection might increase risk of COVID-19 mortality in multiple ways. Sub-optimal hydration is associated with key risk factors for COVID-19 mortality, including older age, male sex, race-ethnicity and chronic disease. Chronic hypertonicity, total body water deficit and/or hypovolemia cause multiple intracellular and/or physiologic adaptations that preferentially retain body water and favor positive total body water balance when challenged by infection. Via effects on serum/glucocorticoid-regulated kinase 1 (SGK1) signaling, aldosterone, tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha), vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), aquaporin 5 (AQP5) and/or Na+/K+-ATPase, chronic sub-optimal hydration in the weeks before exposure to COVID-19 may conceivably result in: greater abundance of angiotensin converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) receptors in the lung, which increases likelihood of COVID-19 infection, lung epithelial cells which are pre-set for exaggerated immune response, increased capacity for capillary leakage of fluid into the airway space, and/or reduced capacity for both passive and active transport of fluid out of the airways. The hypothesized hydration effects suggest hypotheses regarding strategies for COVID-19 risk reduction, such as public health recommendations to increase intake of drinking water, hydration screening alongside COVID-19 testing, and treatment tailored to the pre-infection hydration condition. Hydration may link risk factors and pathways in a unified mechanism for COVID-19 mortality. Attention to hydration holds potential to reduce COVID-19 mortality and disparities via at least 5 pathways simultaneously.
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50
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Zhang L, Wang Z, Xiao J, Chen H, Zhang Z, Li H, Wang Y, Piao H, Li F, Zhang L, Zhang J. Sodium to globulin ratio as a prognostic factor for patients with advanced gastric cancer. J Cancer 2020; 11:7320-7328. [PMID: 33193896 PMCID: PMC7646180 DOI: 10.7150/jca.47314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2020] [Accepted: 10/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Electrolyte disturbance and systemic inflammation contributes to poor prognosis of cancer patients. Levels of serum sodium and globulin can reflect electrolyte homeostasis and inflammatory state, respectively, therefore have potential as prognostic factors for cancer patients. In this study, we hypothesized that sodium to globulin ratio (SGR) could have superior accuracy in predicting cancer patient survival, than sodium and globulin alone. We therefore sought to investigate its efficacy in prognosis of patients with advanced gastric cancer (GC) receiving first-line chemotherapy. Methods: A total of 265 patients, with advanced GC, were recruited in this retrospective study from January 2014 to January 2019. We first determined SGR cut-off values using the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis, then analyzed the relationship between pretreatment SGR and clinicopathological features and the effect of chemotherapy. Finally, we evaluated progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS) rates of the entire and subgroup populations using univariate and multivariate logistic regressions. Results: SGR recorded a cut-off value of 5.54, and had a significantly higher area under the curve (AUC) value (0.619, p = 0.001) than fibrinogen (0.575, p = 0.034) and albumin (0.610, p = 0.002) alone. Organ metastasis, and peritoneal invasion ratios, as well as neutrophil and CA72-4 levels varied significantly between the low-SGR (SGR≤ 5.54) and high SGR (SGR> 5.54) groups (all p < 0.05). Specifically, patients in the low-SGR group exhibited significantly lower disease control rates (83.4%) than those in the high-SGR group (97.2%) (p < 0.001). Results from multivariate analysis indicated that high-SGR was an independent risk factor for PFS (Hazard ratio [HR]: 0.539, p < 0.001) and OS (HR: 0.574, p < 0.001). Moreover, patients in the low-SGR group exhibited significantly worse PFS (134 vs. 221 days, p < 0.001) and OS (311 vs. 420 days, p < 0.001) than those in the high-SGR group. Furthermore, subgroup analysis revealed that SGR was still a powerful prognostic indicator in GC patients with good prognosis or normal biochemical indexes, including no peritoneal infiltration, normal neutrophil counts, and normal serum sodium and globulin levels (all p < 0.001). Conclusions: Overall, our findings indicate that SGR is a novel and promising prognostic factor for GC patients. It has superior accuracy, to sodium and globulin alone, hence it is a powerful tool for evaluating effects of treatment, PFS, and OS in patients with advanced GC, who receive first-line chemotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liqun Zhang
- Medical Oncology Department of Gastrointestinal Cancer, Liaoning Cancer Hospital & Institute, Cancer Hospital of China Medical University, No.44 Xiaoheyan Road, Dadong District, Shenyang 110042, Liaoning Province, China.,Department of Medical Oncology, Shenyang Fifth People Hospital, Tiexi District, Shenyang 110020, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Zhuo Wang
- Medical Oncology Department of Gastrointestinal Cancer, Liaoning Cancer Hospital & Institute, Cancer Hospital of China Medical University, No.44 Xiaoheyan Road, Dadong District, Shenyang 110042, Liaoning Province, China.,Department of Medical Oncology, Liaohua Hospital, Hongwei District, Liaoyang 111003, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Jiawen Xiao
- Department of Medical Oncology, Shenyang Fifth People Hospital, Tiexi District, Shenyang 110020, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Hao Chen
- Department of Medical Oncology, Liaohua Hospital, Hongwei District, Liaoyang 111003, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Zhiyan Zhang
- Department of Medical Oncology, Shenyang Fifth People Hospital, Tiexi District, Shenyang 110020, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Haijing Li
- Department of Medical Oncology, Shenyang Fifth People Hospital, Tiexi District, Shenyang 110020, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Yuanhe Wang
- Medical Oncology Department of Gastrointestinal Cancer, Liaoning Cancer Hospital & Institute, Cancer Hospital of China Medical University, No.44 Xiaoheyan Road, Dadong District, Shenyang 110042, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Haiyan Piao
- Medical Oncology Department of Gastrointestinal Cancer, Liaoning Cancer Hospital & Institute, Cancer Hospital of China Medical University, No.44 Xiaoheyan Road, Dadong District, Shenyang 110042, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Fang Li
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Liaoning Cancer Hospital & Institute, Cancer Hospital of China Medical University, No.44 Xiaoheyan Road, Dadong District, Shenyang 110042, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Lisha Zhang
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The Second Hospital Affiliated to Harbin Medical University, No. 246, Xuefu Road, Nangang District, Harbin 150086, Heilongjiang Province, China
| | - Jingdong Zhang
- Medical Oncology Department of Gastrointestinal Cancer, Liaoning Cancer Hospital & Institute, Cancer Hospital of China Medical University, No.44 Xiaoheyan Road, Dadong District, Shenyang 110042, Liaoning Province, China
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