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Randunu RS, Alawaini K, Huber LA, Randell EW, Brunton JA, Bertolo RF. Feeding parenteral nutrition in the neonatal period programs dyslipidemia in adulthood in Yucatan miniature pigs. J Nutr 2024:S0022-3166(24)01017-4. [PMID: 39270853 DOI: 10.1016/j.tjnut.2024.08.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2024] [Revised: 07/29/2024] [Accepted: 08/26/2024] [Indexed: 09/15/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Early nutritional challenges can lead to permanent metabolic changes, increasing risk for developing chronic diseases later in life. Total parenteral nutrition (TPN) is a life-saving nutrition regimen, used especially in intrauterine growth-restricted (IUGR) neonates. Early TPN feeding alters metabolism, but whether these alterations are permanent is unclear. Programmed metabolism is likely caused by epigenetic changes due to imbalances of methyl nutrients. OBJECTIVES We sought to determine whether feeding TPN in early life would increase the risk of developing dyslipidemia in adulthood and whether supplementing the methyl nutrients betaine and creatine to TPN would prevent this development. We also sought to determine whether IUGR exacerbates the effects of neonatal TPN on lipid metabolism in adulthood. METHODS Female piglets (n=32, 7 d old) were used in four treatments: 24 normal weight piglets were randomized to sow-fed (SowFed), standard TPN (TPN-control), and TPN with betaine and creatine (TPN-B+C); 8 IUGR piglets were fed control TPN (TPN-IUGR) as a fourth group. After 2 weeks of treatment, all pigs were then fed a standard solid diet. At 8 mo old, central venous catheters were implanted to conduct postprandial fat tolerance tests. RESULTS Feeding TPN in the neonatal period led to dyslipidemia in adulthood, as indicated by higher postprandial triglyceride (TG) levels in TPN-control (P<0.05), compared to SowFed. IUGR piglets were particularly sensitive to neonatal TPN feeding, as TPN-IUGR piglets developed obesity and dyslipidemia in adulthood, as indicated by greater backfat thickness (P<0.05), higher liver TG (P<0.05), slower postprandial TG clearance (P<0.05), and elevated fasting plasma non-high density lipoprotein (HDL)-cholesterol (P<0.01), and non-esterified fatty acids (NEFA) (P<0.001), compared to TPN-control. CONCLUSIONS Feeding TPN in early life increases the risk of developing dyslipidemia in adulthood, especially in IUGR neonates; however, methyl nutrient supplementation to TPN did not prevent TPN-induced changes in lipid metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raniru S Randunu
- Department of Biochemistry, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John's, NL, Canada
| | - Khaled Alawaini
- Department of Biochemistry, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John's, NL, Canada
| | - Lee-Anne Huber
- Department of Animal Biosciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada
| | - Edward W Randell
- Discipline of Laboratory Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John's, NL, Canada
| | - Janet A Brunton
- Department of Biochemistry, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John's, NL, Canada
| | - Robert F Bertolo
- Department of Biochemistry, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John's, NL, Canada.
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Dickinson Y, Boehni R, Obeid R, Knapp JP, Moser R, Lewandowski AJ, Douglas G, Leeson P, Channon KM, Chuaiphichai S. Novel Role of 5-Methyl-(6S)-Tetrahydrofolate in Mediating Endothelial Cell Tetrahydrobiopterin in Pregnancy and Implications for Gestational Hypertension. Hypertension 2024; 81:1910-1923. [PMID: 39041246 PMCID: PMC11319083 DOI: 10.1161/hypertensionaha.124.22838] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2024] [Accepted: 06/24/2024] [Indexed: 07/24/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Folate intake during pregnancy is essential for fetal development and maternal health. However, the specific effects of folic acid (FA) and 5-methyl-(6S)-tetrahydrofolate (5-MTHF) on the prevention and treatment of hypertensive disorders of pregnancy remain unclear. We investigated whether FA and 5-MTHF have different effects on endothelial cell tetrahydrobiopterin (BH4) metabolism in pregnancy and the possible consequences for endothelial NO generation, maternal blood pressure, and fetal growth. METHODS We analyzed the maternal blood pressure in pregnant wild-type (Gch1fl/fl) and Gch1fl/fl Tie2cre mice treated with either FA or 5-MTHF starting before pregnancy, mid-pregnancy or late pregnancy. BH4, superoxide, and NO bioavailability were determined in mouse and human models of endothelial cell BH4 deficiency by high-performance liquid chromatography. RESULTS In vitro studies in mouse and human endothelial cells showed that treatment with 5-MTHF, but not FA, elevated BH4 levels, reduced superoxide production, and increased NO synthase activity. In primary endothelial cells isolated from women with hypertensive pregnancies, exposure to 5-MTHF, but not FA, restored the reduction in BH4 levels and NO synthase activity. In vivo studies in mice revealed that oral treatment with 5-MTHF, but not FA, prevented and treated hypertension in pregnancy when administered either before or during pregnancy, respectively, and normalized placental and fetal growth restriction if administered from mid-gestation onward. CONCLUSIONS Collectively, these studies identify a critical role for 5-MTHF in endothelial cell function in pregnancy, related to endothelial cell BH4 availability and NO synthase activity. Thus, 5-MTHF represents a novel therapeutic agent that may potentially improve endothelial function in hypertensive disorders of pregnancy by targeting endothelial cell BH4.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasmin Dickinson
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, British Heart Foundation Centre of Research Excellence, Radcliffe Department of Medicine (Y.D., G.D., K.M.C., S.C.)
| | - Ruth Boehni
- University of Oxford, United Kingdom. Merck & Cie KmG Schaffhausen, Switzerland (R.B., J.-P.K., R.M.)
| | - Rima Obeid
- Department of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, Saarland University Hospital Homburg, Saar, Germany (R.O.)
| | - Jean-Pierre Knapp
- University of Oxford, United Kingdom. Merck & Cie KmG Schaffhausen, Switzerland (R.B., J.-P.K., R.M.)
| | - Rudolf Moser
- University of Oxford, United Kingdom. Merck & Cie KmG Schaffhausen, Switzerland (R.B., J.-P.K., R.M.)
| | | | - Gillian Douglas
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, British Heart Foundation Centre of Research Excellence, Radcliffe Department of Medicine (Y.D., G.D., K.M.C., S.C.)
| | - Paul Leeson
- Oxford Cardiovascular Clinical Research Facility, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Radcliffe Department of Medicine (P.L.)
| | - Keith M. Channon
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, British Heart Foundation Centre of Research Excellence, Radcliffe Department of Medicine (Y.D., G.D., K.M.C., S.C.)
| | - Surawee Chuaiphichai
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, British Heart Foundation Centre of Research Excellence, Radcliffe Department of Medicine (Y.D., G.D., K.M.C., S.C.)
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Farahani S, Glasco DL, Elhassan MM, Sireesha P, Bell JG. Integration of 3D printed Mg 2+ potentiometric sensors into microfluidic devices for bioanalysis. LAB ON A CHIP 2024; 24:4096-4104. [PMID: 39086302 DOI: 10.1039/d4lc00407h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/02/2024]
Abstract
Electrochemical sensors provide an affordable and reliable approach towards the detection and monitoring of important biological species ranging from simple ions to complex biomolecules. The ability to miniaturize electrochemical sensors, coupled with their affordability and simple equipment requirements for signal readout, permits the use of these sensors at the point-of-care where analysis using non-invasively obtainable biofluids is receiving growing interest by the research community. This paper describes the design, fabrication, and integration of a 3D printed Mg2+ potentiometric sensor into a 3D printed microfluidic device for the quantification of Mg2+ in low-sample volume biological fluids. The sensor employs a functionalized 3D printable photocurable methacrylate-based ion-selective membrane affixed to a carbon-mesh/epoxy solid-contact transducer for the selective determination of Mg2+ in sweat, saliva and urine. The 3D printed Mg2+ ion-selective electrode (3Dp-Mg2+-ISE) provided a Nernstian response of 27.5 mV per decade with a linear range of 10 mM to 39 μM, covering the normal physiological and clinically relevant levels of Mg2+ in biofluids. 3Dp-Mg2+-ISEs selectively measure Mg2+ over other biologically present cations - sodium, potassium, calcium, ammonium - as well as provide high stability in the analytical signal with a drift of just 13 μV h-1 over 10 hours. Comparison with poly(vinylchloride)-based Mg2+-ISEs showed distinct advantages to the use of 3Dp-Mg2+-ISEs, with respect to stability, resilience towards biofouling and importantly providing a streamlined and rapid approach towards mass production of selective and reliable sensors. The miniaturization capabilities of 3D printing coupled with the benefits of microfluidic analysis (i.e., low sample volumes, minimal reagent consumption, automation of multiple assays, etc.), provides exciting opportunities for the realization of the next-generation of point-of-care diagnostic devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Farahani
- Department of Chemistry, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington, 99164, USA.
| | - Dalton L Glasco
- Department of Chemistry, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington, 99164, USA.
| | - Manar M Elhassan
- Department of Chemistry, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington, 99164, USA.
- Pharmaceutical Analytical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, The British University in Egypt, El-Sherouk City, 11837, Egypt
| | - Pedaballi Sireesha
- Department of Chemistry, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington, 99164, USA.
| | - Jeffrey G Bell
- Department of Chemistry, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington, 99164, USA.
- The Gene and Linda Voiland School of Chemical Engineering and Bioengineering, Washington State University, Washington 99164, USA
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Obeid R, Awwad H, Heine GH, Emrich IE, Fliser D, Zawada AM, Geisel J. Plasma Concentrations of Trimethylamine-N-Oxide, Choline, and Betaine in Patients With Moderate to Advanced Chronic Kidney Disease and Their Relation to Cardiovascular and Renal Outcomes. J Ren Nutr 2024:S1051-2276(24)00060-8. [PMID: 38621431 DOI: 10.1053/j.jrn.2024.03.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2023] [Revised: 12/18/2023] [Accepted: 03/24/2024] [Indexed: 04/17/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Trimethylamine N-oxide (TMAO) is a gut bacteria-mediated liver metabolite of dietary betaine, choline, and carnitine, which is excreted by glomerular filtration. We studied whether TMAO is excreted by cardiovascular disease (CVD) in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD). METHODS Among 478 patients with CKD stage G2 (n = 104), G3a (n = 163), G3b (n = 123), and G4 (n = 88), we studied the association between fasting plasma concentrations of TMAO, choline, or betaine at baseline and kidney function, prevalent CVD, and future renal outcomes during a mean follow-up of 5.1 years. RESULTS Decreased glomerular filtration rate was associated with higher plasma concentrations of TMAO, choline, and betaine. Baseline concentrations of TMAO were higher in participants with preexisting CVD compared to those without CVD (8.4 [10.1] vs. 7.8 [8.0] μmol/L; P = .047), but the difference was not significant after adjusting for confounders. During the follow-up, 147 participants experienced CVD or died, and 144 reached the predefined renal endpoint. In the adjusted regression analyses, TMAO or choline concentrations in the upper three quartiles (vs. the lowest quartile) were not associated with any of the study's clinical endpoints. In contrast, the adjusted hazard ratio of plasma betaine in the highest quartile versus the lowest quartile was 2.14 (1.32, 3.47) for the CVD endpoint and 1.64 (1.00, 2.67) for the renal endpoint. CONCLUSIONS Elevated plasma TMAO concentrations were explained by impaired kidney function. Elevated plasma concentrations of betaine, but not those of TMAO or choline, constituted a risk factor for adverse outcomes. TMAO might not be an appropriate target to reduce CVD or renal outcomes in patients with preexisting CKD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rima Obeid
- Department of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, Saarland University Hospital, Homburg, Germany.
| | - Husain Awwad
- Department of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, Saarland University Hospital, Homburg, Germany
| | - Gunnar Henrik Heine
- Agaplesion Markus Hospital, Medical Clinic II, Frankfurt am Main, Germany; Department of Internal Medicine IV-Nephrology and Hypertension, Saarland University Hospital and Saarland University Faculty of Medicine, Homburg, Germany
| | - Insa E Emrich
- Department of Internal Medicine III - Cardiology, Angiology and Intensive Care Medicine, Saarland University Medical Center, Homburg, Germany
| | - Danilo Fliser
- Department of Internal Medicine IV-Nephrology and Hypertension, Saarland University Hospital and Saarland University Faculty of Medicine, Homburg, Germany
| | - Adam M Zawada
- Department of Internal Medicine IV-Nephrology and Hypertension, Saarland University Hospital and Saarland University Faculty of Medicine, Homburg, Germany
| | - Jürgen Geisel
- Department of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, Saarland University Hospital, Homburg, Germany
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Guzzardi MA, La Rosa F, Granziera F, Panetta D, Pardo-Tendero M, Barone M, Turroni S, Faita F, Kusmic C, Brigidi P, Monleon D, Iozzo P. Gut-derived metabolites mediating cognitive development in 5-year-old children: Early-life transplant in mice has lasting effects throughout adulthood. Brain Behav Immun 2023; 114:94-110. [PMID: 37557963 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbi.2023.08.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2022] [Revised: 08/01/2023] [Accepted: 08/06/2023] [Indexed: 08/11/2023] Open
Abstract
The gut microbiota has been causally linked to cognitive development. We aimed to identify metabolites mediating its effect on cognitive development, and foods or nutrients related to most promising metabolites. Faeces from 5-year-old children (DORIAN-PISAC cohort, including 90 general population families with infants, 42/48 females/males, born in 2011-2014) were transplanted (FMT) into C57BL/6 germ-free mice. Children and recipient mice were stratified by cognitive phenotype, or based on protective metabolites. Food frequency questionnaires were obtained in children. Cognitive measurements in mice included five Y-maze tests until 23 weeks post-FMT, and (at 23 weeks) PET-CT for brain metabolism and radiodensity, and ultrasound-based carotid vascular indices. Children (faeces, urine) and mice (faeces, plasma) metabolome was measured by 1H NMR spectroscopy, and the faecal microbiota was profiled in mice by 16S rRNA amplicon sequencing. Cognitive scores of children and recipient mice were correlated. FMT-dependent modifications of brain metabolism were observed. Mice receiving FMT from high-cognitive or protective metabolite-enriched children developed superior cognitive-behavioural performance. A panel of metabolites, namely xanthine, hypoxanthine, formate, mannose, tyrosine, phenylalanine, glutamine, was found to mediate the gut-cognitive axis in donor children and recipient mice. Vascular indices partially explained the metabolite-to-phenotype relationships. Children's consumption of legumes, whole-milk yogurt and eggs, and intake of iron, zinc and vitamin D appeared to support protective gut metabolites. Overall, metabolites involved in inflammation, purine metabolism and neurotransmitter synthesis mediate the gut-cognitive axis, and holds promise for screening. The related dietary and nutritional findings offer leads to microbiota-targeted interventions for cognitive protection, with long-lasting effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Angela Guzzardi
- Institute of Clinical Physiology (IFC), National Research Council (CNR), 56124 Pisa, Italy.
| | - Federica La Rosa
- Institute of Clinical Physiology (IFC), National Research Council (CNR), 56124 Pisa, Italy.
| | - Federico Granziera
- Institute of Clinical Physiology (IFC), National Research Council (CNR), 56124 Pisa, Italy; Sant'Anna School of Advanced Studies, 56127 Pisa, Italy.
| | - Daniele Panetta
- Institute of Clinical Physiology (IFC), National Research Council (CNR), 56124 Pisa, Italy.
| | - Mercedes Pardo-Tendero
- Institute of Clinical Physiology (IFC), National Research Council (CNR), 56124 Pisa, Italy; Faculty of Medicine, University of Valencia, Health Research Institute INCLIVA/CIBERFES for Frailty and Healthy Aging, 46010 Valencia, Spain.
| | - Monica Barone
- Microbiomics Unit, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Bologna, 40138 Bologna, Italy.
| | - Silvia Turroni
- Unit of Microbiome Science and Biotechnology, Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, University of Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy.
| | - Francesco Faita
- Institute of Clinical Physiology (IFC), National Research Council (CNR), 56124 Pisa, Italy.
| | - Claudia Kusmic
- Institute of Clinical Physiology (IFC), National Research Council (CNR), 56124 Pisa, Italy.
| | - Patrizia Brigidi
- Microbiomics Unit, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Bologna, 40138 Bologna, Italy.
| | - Daniel Monleon
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Valencia, Health Research Institute INCLIVA/CIBERFES for Frailty and Healthy Aging, 46010 Valencia, Spain.
| | - Patricia Iozzo
- Institute of Clinical Physiology (IFC), National Research Council (CNR), 56124 Pisa, Italy.
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Guerra G, Segrado F, Pasanisi P, Bruno E, Lopez S, Raspagliesi F, Bianchi M, Venturelli E. Circulating choline and phosphocholine measurement by a hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. Heliyon 2023; 9:e21921. [PMID: 38027764 PMCID: PMC10665723 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e21921] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2023] [Revised: 10/31/2023] [Accepted: 10/31/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Given the growing interest in studying the role of choline and phosphocholine in the development and progression of tumor pathology, in this study we describe the development and validation of a fast and robust method for the simultaneous analysis of choline and phosphocholine in human plasma. Methods Choline and phosphocholine quantification in human plasma was obtained using a hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry technique. Assay performance parameters were evaluated using EMA guidelines. Results Calibration curve ranged from 0.60 to 38.40 μmol/L (R2 = 0.999) and 0.08-5.43 μmol/L (R2 = 0.998) for choline and phosphocholine, respectively. The Limit Of Detection of the method was 0.06 μmol/L for choline and 0.04 μmol/L for phosphocholine. The coefficient of variation range for intra-assay precision is 2.2-4.1 % (choline) and 3.2-15 % (phosphocholine), and the inter-assay precision range is < 1-6.5 % (choline) and 6.2-20 % (phosphocholine). The accuracy of the method was below the ±20 % benchmarks at all the metabolites concentration levels. In-house plasma pool of apparently healthy adults was tested, and a mean concentration of 15.97 μmol/L for Choline and 0.34 μmol/L for Phosphocholine was quantified. Conclusions The developed method shows good reliability in quantifying Choline and Phosphocholine in human plasma for clinical purposes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giulia Guerra
- Nutrition Research and Metabolomics Unit, Department of Experimental Oncology, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Italy
| | - Francesco Segrado
- Nutrition Research and Metabolomics Unit, Department of Experimental Oncology, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Italy
| | - Patrizia Pasanisi
- Nutrition Research and Metabolomics Unit, Department of Experimental Oncology, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Italy
| | - Eleonora Bruno
- Nutrition Research and Metabolomics Unit, Department of Experimental Oncology, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Italy
| | - Salvatore Lopez
- Unit of Oncological Gynecology, Department of Oncologycal Surgery, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Italy
| | - Francesco Raspagliesi
- Unit of Oncological Gynecology, Department of Oncologycal Surgery, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Italy
| | - Michela Bianchi
- Nutrition Research and Metabolomics Unit, Department of Experimental Oncology, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Italy
| | - Elisabetta Venturelli
- Nutrition Research and Metabolomics Unit, Department of Experimental Oncology, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Italy
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Hill EB, Konigsberg IR, Ir D, Frank DN, Jambal P, Litkowski EM, Lange EM, Lange LA, Ostendorf DM, Scorsone JJ, Wayland L, Bing K, MacLean PS, Melanson EL, Bessesen DH, Catenacci VA, Stanislawski MA, Borengasser SJ. The Microbiome, Epigenome, and Diet in Adults with Obesity during Behavioral Weight Loss. Nutrients 2023; 15:3588. [PMID: 37630778 PMCID: PMC10458964 DOI: 10.3390/nu15163588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2023] [Revised: 07/15/2023] [Accepted: 07/18/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Obesity has been linked to the gut microbiome, epigenome, and diet, yet these factors have not been studied together during obesity treatment. Our objective was to evaluate associations among gut microbiota (MB), DNA methylation (DNAme), and diet prior to and during a behavioral weight loss intervention. Adults (n = 47, age 40.9 ± 9.7 years, body mass index (BMI) 33.5 ± 4.5 kg/m2, 77% female) with data collected at baseline (BL) and 3 months (3 m) were included. Fecal MB was assessed via 16S sequencing and whole blood DNAme via the Infinium EPIC array. Food group and nutrient intakes and Healthy Eating Index (HEI) scores were calculated from 7-day diet records. Linear models were used to test for the effect of taxa relative abundance on DNAme and diet cross-sectionally at each time point, adjusting for confounders and a false discovery rate of 5%. Mean weight loss was 6.2 ± 3.9% at 3 m. At BL, one MB taxon, Ruminiclostridium, was associated with DNAme of the genes COL20A1 (r = 0.651, p = 0.029), COL18A1 (r = 0.578, p = 0.044), and NT5E (r = 0.365, p = 0.043). At 3 m, there were 14 unique MB:DNAme associations, such as Akkermansia with DNAme of GUSB (r = -0.585, p = 0.003), CRYL1 (r = -0.419, p = 0.007), C9 (r = -0.439, p = 0.019), and GMDS (r = -0.559, p = 0.046). Among taxa associated with DNAme, no significant relationships were seen with dietary intakes of relevant nutrients, food groups, or HEI scores. Our findings indicate that microbes linked to mucin degradation, short-chain fatty acid production, and body weight are associated with DNAme of phenotypically relevant genes. These relationships offer an initial understanding of the possible routes by which alterations in gut MB may influence metabolism during weight loss.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily B. Hill
- Section of Nutrition, Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA; (E.B.H.)
| | - Iain R. Konigsberg
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA; (I.R.K.)
| | - Diana Ir
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Daniel N. Frank
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Purevsuren Jambal
- Section of Nutrition, Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA; (E.B.H.)
| | - Elizabeth M. Litkowski
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA; (I.R.K.)
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Colorado School of Public Health, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
- Eastern Colorado Veterans Affairs Geriatric Research, Education, and Clinical Center, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Ethan M. Lange
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA; (I.R.K.)
- Department of Biostatistics and Informatics, University of Colorado School of Public Health, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Leslie A. Lange
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA; (I.R.K.)
- Eastern Colorado Veterans Affairs Geriatric Research, Education, and Clinical Center, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Danielle M. Ostendorf
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism, and Diabetes, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
- Anschutz Health and Wellness Center, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Jared J. Scorsone
- Anschutz Health and Wellness Center, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Liza Wayland
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism, and Diabetes, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
- Anschutz Health and Wellness Center, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Kristen Bing
- Anschutz Health and Wellness Center, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Paul S. MacLean
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism, and Diabetes, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Edward L. Melanson
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism, and Diabetes, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
- Division of Geriatric Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Daniel H. Bessesen
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism, and Diabetes, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Victoria A. Catenacci
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism, and Diabetes, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
- Anschutz Health and Wellness Center, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Maggie A. Stanislawski
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA; (I.R.K.)
| | - Sarah J. Borengasser
- Section of Nutrition, Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA; (E.B.H.)
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Świt P, Pollap A, Orzeł J. Spectroscopic Determination of Acetylcholine (ACh): A Representative Review. Top Curr Chem (Cham) 2023; 381:16. [PMID: 37169979 PMCID: PMC10175388 DOI: 10.1007/s41061-023-00426-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2023] [Accepted: 04/22/2023] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
Acetylcholine (ACh) is one of the most crucial neurotransmitters of the cholinergic system found in vertebrates and invertebrates and is responsible for many processes in living organisms. Disturbances in ACh transmission are closely related to dementia in Alzheimer's and Parkinson's disease. ACh in biological samples is most often determined using chromatographic techniques, radioenzymatic assays, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), or potentiometric methods. An alternative way to detect and determine acetylcholine is applying spectroscopic techniques, due to low limits of detection and quantification, which is not possible with the methods mentioned above. In this review article, we described a detailed overview of different spectroscopic methods used to determine ACh with a collection of validation parameters as a perspective tool for routine analysis, especially in basic research on animal models on central nervous system. In addition, there is a discussion of examples of other biological materials from clinical and preclinical studies to give the whole spectrum of spectroscopic methods application. Descriptions of the developed chemical sensors, as well as the use of flow technology, were also presented. It is worth emphasizing the inclusion in the article of multi-component analysis referring to other neurotransmitters, as well as the description of the tested biological samples and extraction procedures. The motivation to use spectroscopic techniques to conduct this type of analysis and future perspectives in this field are briefly discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paweł Świt
- Institute of Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Silesia in Katowice, 9 Szkolna Street, 40-006, Katowice, Poland.
| | | | - Joanna Orzeł
- Institute of Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Silesia in Katowice, 9 Szkolna Street, 40-006, Katowice, Poland
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9
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Battillo DJ, Malin SK. Impact of Caloric Restriction and Exercise on Trimethylamine N-Oxide Metabolism in Women with Obesity. Nutrients 2023; 15:1455. [PMID: 36986183 PMCID: PMC10058428 DOI: 10.3390/nu15061455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2023] [Revised: 03/04/2023] [Accepted: 03/15/2023] [Indexed: 03/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Trimethylamine N-oxide (TMAO) is linked to cardiovascular disease (CVD) through partly altered central hemodynamics. We sought to examine if a low-calorie diet plus interval exercise (LCD+INT) intervention reduces TMAO more than a low-calorie diet (LCD) program alone in relation to hemodynamics, prior to clinically meaningful weight loss. Women with obesity were randomized to 2 weeks of LCD (n = 12, ~1200 kcal/d) or LCD+INT (n = 11; 60 min/d, 3 min at 90% and 50% HRpeak, respectively). A 180 min 75 g OGTT was performed to assess fasting TMAO and precursors (carnitine, choline, betaine, and trimethylamine (TMA)) as well as insulin sensitivity. Pulse wave analysis (applanation tonometry) including augmentation index (AIx75), pulse pressure amplification (PPA), forward (Pf) and backward pressure (Pb) waveforms, and reflection magnitude (RM) at 0, 60, 120, and 180 min was also analyzed. LCD and LCD+INT comparably reduced weight (p < 0.01), fasting glucose (p = 0.05), insulin tAUC180min (p < 0.01), choline (p < 0.01), and Pf (p = 0.04). Only LCD+INT increased VO2peak (p = 0.03). Despite no overall treatment effect, a high baseline TMAO was associated with decreased TMAO (r = -0.45, p = 0.03). Reduced TMAO was related to increased fasting PPA (r = -0.48, p = 0.03). Lowered TMA and carnitine correlated with higher fasting RM (r = -0.64 and r = -0.59, both p < 0.01) and reduced 120 min Pf (both, r = 0.68, p < 0.01). Overall, treatments did not lower TMAO. Yet, people with high TMAO pre-treatment reduced TMAO after LCD, with and without INT, in relation to aortic waveforms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel J. Battillo
- Department of Kinesiology and Health, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ 08901, USA
| | - Steven K. Malin
- Department of Kinesiology and Health, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ 08901, USA
- Department of Kinesiology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22903, USA
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism & Nutrition, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ 08901, USA
- New Jersey Institute for Food, Nutrition and Health, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ 08901, USA
- Institute of Translational Medicine and Science, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ 08901, USA
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10
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Emonds JJ, Arlt F, Gaudl A, Reinicke M, Heinemann M, Lindner D, Laudi S, Ceglarek U, Meixensberger J. Trimethylamine N-oxide (TMAO) in patients with subarachnoid hemorrhage: a prospective observational study. Acta Neurochir (Wien) 2023; 165:1277-1287. [PMID: 36695932 PMCID: PMC10140079 DOI: 10.1007/s00701-022-05485-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2022] [Accepted: 12/23/2022] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND It is suspected that microbiome-derived trimethylamine N-oxide (TMAO) may enhance platelet responsiveness and accordingly be thrombophilic. The purpose of this prospective observational study is to evaluate TMAO in patients with subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) and compare it with a control group. A secondary aim was to investigate TMAO in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) from SAH patients. This should provide a better understanding of the role of TMAO in the pathogenesis of SAH and its thrombotic complications. METHODS The study included patients with diagnosed spontaneous SAH recruited after initial treatment on admission and patients with nerve, nerve root, or plexus disorders serving as controls. Blood samples were gathered from all patients at recruitment. Additionally, sampling of SAH patients in the intensive care unit continued daily for 14 days. The CSF was collected out of existing external ventricular drains whenever possible. RESULTS Thirty-four patients diagnosed with SAH, and 108 control patients participated in this study. Plasma TMAO levels at baseline were significantly lower in the SAH group (1.7 μmol/L) compared to the control group (2.9 μmol/L). TMAO was detectable in the CSF (0.4 μmol/L) and significantly lower than in plasma samples of the SAH group at baseline. Plasma and CSF TMAO levels correlated positively. The TMAO levels did not differ significantly during the observation period of 15 days. CONCLUSIONS Although we assumed that patients with higher TMAO levels were at higher risk for SAH a priori, plasma TMAO levels were lower in patients with SAH compared with control subjects with nerve, nerve root, or plexus disorders on admission to the hospital. A characteristic pattern of plasma TMAO levels in patients with SAH was not found.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julian Josef Emonds
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Leipzig Medical Center, Leipzig, Germany.,Institute of Laboratory Medicine, Clinical Chemistry and Molecular Diagnostics, University of Leipzig Medical Center, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Felix Arlt
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Leipzig Medical Center, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Alexander Gaudl
- Institute of Laboratory Medicine, Clinical Chemistry and Molecular Diagnostics, University of Leipzig Medical Center, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Madlen Reinicke
- Institute of Laboratory Medicine, Clinical Chemistry and Molecular Diagnostics, University of Leipzig Medical Center, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Mitja Heinemann
- Institute of Laboratory Medicine, Clinical Chemistry and Molecular Diagnostics, University of Leipzig Medical Center, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Dirk Lindner
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Leipzig Medical Center, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Sven Laudi
- Department of Anaesthesia and Intensive Medicine, University of Leipzig Medical Center, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Uta Ceglarek
- Institute of Laboratory Medicine, Clinical Chemistry and Molecular Diagnostics, University of Leipzig Medical Center, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Jürgen Meixensberger
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Leipzig Medical Center, Leipzig, Germany.
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11
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Engelhart K, Pfitzner I, Obeid R. An exploratory study on the effect of choline and folate deficiency on levels of vascularization proteins and transcription factors in first trimester trophoblast HTR-8/SVneo cells. J Obstet Gynaecol Res 2023; 49:1114-1120. [PMID: 36642422 DOI: 10.1111/jog.15555] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2022] [Accepted: 01/03/2023] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
AIMS We studied the effect of choline and folate deficiencies on levels of predetermined placental proteins during early development. METHODS We incubated HTR-8/SVneo cells under choline and folate deficiency conditions and measured levels of some placental proteins using ELISA methods. RESULTS Concentrations of LRP2 protein in cell lysates were higher in cells incubated in choline and folate deficient media compared to the control media (mean [SD] = 2.95 [1.30] vs. 1.65 [0.27] ng/mg protein, p = 0.004). The levels of LRP2 protein in lysates of cells incubated in choline and folate deficient media were significantly higher than the concentrations in lysates of cells incubated in choline deficient but folate sufficient media (1.96 [0.28] ng/mg protein) or those incubated in choline sufficient but folate deficient media (1.77 [0.24] ng/mg protein) (p < 0.05 for both). The cellular levels of CDX2 protein were significantly higher in cells incubated in choline and folate deficient media compared to the control media (1.78 [0.60] vs. 0.99 [0.42] pg/mg protein, p = 0.002); and compared to CDX2 levels in cells incubated in choline deficient but folate sufficient media (0.87 [0.13] pg/mg protein, p < 0.001) or in choline sufficient but folate deficient media (0.96 [0.16] pg/mg protein, p < 0.001). The levels of sFLT-1 and IGF1 in culture media and that of EOMES in HTR-8/SVneo cell lysates remained unchanged under all deficiency conditions. DISCUSSION LRP2 and CDX2 are likely to be molecular targets for early choline and folate deficiencies in human trophoblast cells. The results should be confirmed in animal models and in other models of placental cells.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Rima Obeid
- Department of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, University Hospital of the Saarland, Homburg, Germany
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12
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Toum Terrones Y, Laucirica G, Cayón VM, Fenoy GE, Cortez ML, Toimil-Molares ME, Trautmann C, Mamisollé WA, Azzaroni O. Highly sensitive acetylcholine biosensing via chemical amplification of enzymatic processes in nanochannels. Chem Commun (Camb) 2022; 58:10166-10169. [PMID: 35997520 DOI: 10.1039/d2cc02249d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Acetylcholinesterase-modified nanochannels are proposed as reliable and reproducible nanofluidic sensors for highly sensitive detection of acetylcholine. The operation mechanism relies on the use of weak polyelectrolytes as "chemical amplifiers" that adjust/reconfigure the nanochannel surface charge in the presence of local pH changes induced by the enzymatic reaction. Experimental results show that the presence of acetylcholine can be transduced into measurable ionic signals with a low limit of detection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yamili Toum Terrones
- Instituto de Investigaciones Fisicoquímicas Teóricas y Aplicadas (INIFTA), Departamento de Química, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Universidad Nacional de La Plata, CONICET - CC 16 Suc. 4, 1900 La Plata, Argentina.
| | - Gregorio Laucirica
- Instituto de Investigaciones Fisicoquímicas Teóricas y Aplicadas (INIFTA), Departamento de Química, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Universidad Nacional de La Plata, CONICET - CC 16 Suc. 4, 1900 La Plata, Argentina.
| | - Vanina M Cayón
- Instituto de Investigaciones Fisicoquímicas Teóricas y Aplicadas (INIFTA), Departamento de Química, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Universidad Nacional de La Plata, CONICET - CC 16 Suc. 4, 1900 La Plata, Argentina. .,GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung, 64291 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Gonzalo E Fenoy
- Instituto de Investigaciones Fisicoquímicas Teóricas y Aplicadas (INIFTA), Departamento de Química, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Universidad Nacional de La Plata, CONICET - CC 16 Suc. 4, 1900 La Plata, Argentina.
| | - M Lorena Cortez
- Instituto de Investigaciones Fisicoquímicas Teóricas y Aplicadas (INIFTA), Departamento de Química, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Universidad Nacional de La Plata, CONICET - CC 16 Suc. 4, 1900 La Plata, Argentina.
| | | | - Christina Trautmann
- GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung, 64291 Darmstadt, Germany.,Technische Universität Darmstadt, Materialwissenschaft, 64287 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Waldemar A Mamisollé
- Instituto de Investigaciones Fisicoquímicas Teóricas y Aplicadas (INIFTA), Departamento de Química, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Universidad Nacional de La Plata, CONICET - CC 16 Suc. 4, 1900 La Plata, Argentina.
| | - Omar Azzaroni
- Instituto de Investigaciones Fisicoquímicas Teóricas y Aplicadas (INIFTA), Departamento de Química, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Universidad Nacional de La Plata, CONICET - CC 16 Suc. 4, 1900 La Plata, Argentina.
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13
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Peng MZ, Shao YX, Li XZ, Zhang KD, Cai YN, Lin YT, Jiang MY, Liu ZC, Su XY, Zhang W, Jiang XL, Liu L. Mitochondrial FAD shortage in SLC25A32 deficiency affects folate-mediated one-carbon metabolism. Cell Mol Life Sci 2022; 79:375. [PMID: 35727412 PMCID: PMC11072207 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-022-04404-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2022] [Revised: 05/06/2022] [Accepted: 05/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
The SLC25A32 dysfunction is associated with neural tube defects (NTDs) and exercise intolerance, but very little is known about disease-specific mechanisms due to a paucity of animal models. Here, we generated homozygous (Slc25a32Y174C/Y174C and Slc25a32K235R/K235R) and compound heterozygous (Slc25a32Y174C/K235R) knock-in mice by mimicking the missense mutations identified from our patient. A homozygous knock-out (Slc25a32-/-) mouse was also generated. The Slc25a32K235R/K235R and Slc25a32Y174C/K235R mice presented with mild motor impairment and recapitulated the biochemical disturbances of the patient. While Slc25a32-/- mice die in utero with NTDs. None of the Slc25a32 mutations hindered the mitochondrial uptake of folate. Instead, the mitochondrial uptake of flavin adenine dinucleotide (FAD) was specifically blocked by Slc25a32Y174C/K235R, Slc25a32K235R/K235R, and Slc25a32-/- mutations. A positive correlation between SLC25A32 dysfunction and flavoenzyme deficiency was observed. Besides the flavoenzymes involved in fatty acid β-oxidation and amino acid metabolism being impaired, Slc25a32-/- embryos also had a subunit of glycine cleavage system-dihydrolipoamide dehydrogenase damaged, resulting in glycine accumulation and glycine derived-formate reduction, which further disturbed folate-mediated one-carbon metabolism, leading to 5-methyltetrahydrofolate shortage and other folate intermediates accumulation. Maternal formate supplementation increased the 5-methyltetrahydrofolate levels and ameliorated the NTDs in Slc25a32-/- embryos. The Slc25a32K235R/K235R and Slc25a32Y174C/K235R mice had no glycine accumulation, but had another formate donor-dimethylglycine accumulated and formate deficiency. Meanwhile, they suffered from the absence of all folate intermediates in mitochondria. Formate supplementation increased the folate amounts, but this effect was not restricted to the Slc25a32 mutant mice only. In summary, we established novel animal models, which enabled us to understand the function of SLC25A32 better and to elucidate the role of SLC25A32 dysfunction in human disease development and progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min-Zhi Peng
- Department of Genetics and Endocrinology, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, the Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, 9 Jinsui Road, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yong-Xian Shao
- Department of Genetics and Endocrinology, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, the Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, 9 Jinsui Road, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiu-Zhen Li
- Department of Genetics and Endocrinology, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, the Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, 9 Jinsui Road, Guangzhou, China
| | - Kang-Di Zhang
- Department of Genetics and Endocrinology, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, the Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, 9 Jinsui Road, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yan-Na Cai
- Department of Genetics and Endocrinology, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, the Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, 9 Jinsui Road, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yun-Ting Lin
- Department of Genetics and Endocrinology, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, the Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, 9 Jinsui Road, Guangzhou, China
| | - Min-Yan Jiang
- Department of Genetics and Endocrinology, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, the Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, 9 Jinsui Road, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zong-Cai Liu
- Department of Genetics and Endocrinology, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, the Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, 9 Jinsui Road, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xue-Ying Su
- Department of Genetics and Endocrinology, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, the Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, 9 Jinsui Road, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wen Zhang
- Department of Genetics and Endocrinology, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, the Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, 9 Jinsui Road, Guangzhou, China.
| | - Xiao-Ling Jiang
- Department of Genetics and Endocrinology, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, the Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, 9 Jinsui Road, Guangzhou, China.
| | - Li Liu
- Department of Genetics and Endocrinology, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, the Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, 9 Jinsui Road, Guangzhou, China.
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14
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Jiao Z, Lu Z, Peng Y, Xu C, Lou Y, Wang G, Aa J, Zhang Y. A quantitative metabolomics assay targeting 14 intracellular metabolites associated with the methionine transsulfuration pathway using LC–MS/MS in breast cancer cells. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2022; 1205:123314. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2022.123314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2022] [Revised: 05/06/2022] [Accepted: 05/26/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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15
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Costabile G, Vitale M, Della Pepa G, Cipriano P, Vetrani C, Testa R, Mena P, Bresciani L, Tassotti M, Calani L, Del Rio D, Brighenti F, Napoli R, Rivellese AA, Riccardi G, Giacco R. A wheat aleurone-rich diet improves oxidative stress but does not influence glucose metabolism in overweight/obese individuals: Results from a randomized controlled trial. Nutr Metab Cardiovasc Dis 2022; 32:715-726. [PMID: 35123855 DOI: 10.1016/j.numecd.2021.12.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2021] [Revised: 12/16/2021] [Accepted: 12/17/2021] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Aleurone is the innermost layer of wheat bran, rich in fiber, minerals, vitamins, phenolic compounds, and betaine. The metabolic effects of aleurone rich foods are still unknown. Our aim was to investigate the effects of consuming a Wheat Aleurone rich diet vs. a Refined Wheat diet for 8 weeks on fasting and postprandial glycemic and lipid metabolism, inflammation, and oxidative stress in overweight/obese individuals. METHODS AND RESULTS According to a randomized cross-over study design, 23 overweight/obese individuals, age 56 ± 9 years (M±SD), were assigned to two isoenergetic diet - Wheat Aleurone and Refined Wheat diets - for 8 weeks. The diets were similar for macronutrient composition but different for the aleurone content (40-50 g/day in the Wheat Aleurone diet). After each diet, fasting and postprandial plasma metabolic profile, ferulic acid metabolites and 8-isoprostane concentrations in 24-h urine samples were evaluated. Compared with the Refined Wheat Diet, the Wheat Aleurone Diet increased fasting plasma concentrations of betaine by 15% (p = 0.042) and decreased the excretion of 8-isoprostane by 33% (p = 0.035). Conversely, it did not affect the fasting and postprandial glucose, insulin and triglyceride responses, homocysteine, and C-Reactive Protein concentrations, nor excretion of phenolic metabolites. CONCLUSION An 8-week Wheat Aleurone Diet improves the oxidative stress and increases plasma betaine levels in overweight/obese individuals with an increased cardiometabolic risk. However, further studies with longer duration and larger sample size are needed to evaluate the benefits of aleurone-rich foods on glucose and lipid metabolism in individuals with more severe metabolic abnormalities. CLINICAL TRIAL REGISTRY NUMBER NCT02150356, (https://clinicaltrials.gov).
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Affiliation(s)
- Giuseppina Costabile
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, Federico II University, Via Sergio Pansini, 5, 80131 Naples, Italy.
| | - Marilena Vitale
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, Federico II University, Via Sergio Pansini, 5, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Della Pepa
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, Federico II University, Via Sergio Pansini, 5, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Paola Cipriano
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, Federico II University, Via Sergio Pansini, 5, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Claudia Vetrani
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, Federico II University, Via Sergio Pansini, 5, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Roberta Testa
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, Federico II University, Via Sergio Pansini, 5, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Pedro Mena
- Human Nutrition Unit, Department of Food and Drug, University of Parma, Via Volturno, 39, 43125, Parma, Italy
| | - Letizia Bresciani
- Human Nutrition Unit, Department of Food and Drug, University of Parma, Via Volturno, 39, 43125, Parma, Italy
| | - Michele Tassotti
- Human Nutrition Unit, Department of Food and Drug, University of Parma, Via Volturno, 39, 43125, Parma, Italy
| | - Luca Calani
- Human Nutrition Unit, Department of Food and Drug, University of Parma, Via Volturno, 39, 43125, Parma, Italy
| | - Daniele Del Rio
- Human Nutrition Unit, Department of Food and Drug, University of Parma, Via Volturno, 39, 43125, Parma, Italy
| | - Furio Brighenti
- Human Nutrition Unit, Department of Food and Drug, University of Parma, Via Volturno, 39, 43125, Parma, Italy
| | - Raffaele Napoli
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences, Federico II University, Via Sergio Pansini, 5, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Angela A Rivellese
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, Federico II University, Via Sergio Pansini, 5, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Gabriele Riccardi
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, Federico II University, Via Sergio Pansini, 5, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Rosalba Giacco
- Institute of Food Sciences, National Research Council, Via Roma 64, 8 Avellino, Italy
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16
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Krämer J, Kang R, Grimm LM, De Cola L, Picchetti P, Biedermann F. Molecular Probes, Chemosensors, and Nanosensors for Optical Detection of Biorelevant Molecules and Ions in Aqueous Media and Biofluids. Chem Rev 2022; 122:3459-3636. [PMID: 34995461 PMCID: PMC8832467 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.1c00746] [Citation(s) in RCA: 123] [Impact Index Per Article: 61.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Synthetic molecular probes, chemosensors, and nanosensors used in combination with innovative assay protocols hold great potential for the development of robust, low-cost, and fast-responding sensors that are applicable in biofluids (urine, blood, and saliva). Particularly, the development of sensors for metabolites, neurotransmitters, drugs, and inorganic ions is highly desirable due to a lack of suitable biosensors. In addition, the monitoring and analysis of metabolic and signaling networks in cells and organisms by optical probes and chemosensors is becoming increasingly important in molecular biology and medicine. Thus, new perspectives for personalized diagnostics, theranostics, and biochemical/medical research will be unlocked when standing limitations of artificial binders and receptors are overcome. In this review, we survey synthetic sensing systems that have promising (future) application potential for the detection of small molecules, cations, and anions in aqueous media and biofluids. Special attention was given to sensing systems that provide a readily measurable optical signal through dynamic covalent chemistry, supramolecular host-guest interactions, or nanoparticles featuring plasmonic effects. This review shall also enable the reader to evaluate the current performance of molecular probes, chemosensors, and nanosensors in terms of sensitivity and selectivity with respect to practical requirement, and thereby inspiring new ideas for the development of further advanced systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joana Krämer
- Institute
of Nanotechnology, Karlsruhe Institute of
Technology (KIT), Hermann-von-Helmholtz Platz 1, 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
| | - Rui Kang
- Institute
of Nanotechnology, Karlsruhe Institute of
Technology (KIT), Hermann-von-Helmholtz Platz 1, 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
| | - Laura M. Grimm
- Institute
of Nanotechnology, Karlsruhe Institute of
Technology (KIT), Hermann-von-Helmholtz Platz 1, 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
| | - Luisa De Cola
- Institute
of Nanotechnology, Karlsruhe Institute of
Technology (KIT), Hermann-von-Helmholtz Platz 1, 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
- Dipartimento
DISFARM, University of Milano, via Camillo Golgi 19, 20133 Milano, Italy
- Department
of Molecular Biochemistry and Pharmacology, Instituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri, IRCCS, 20156 Milano, Italy
| | - Pierre Picchetti
- Institute
of Nanotechnology, Karlsruhe Institute of
Technology (KIT), Hermann-von-Helmholtz Platz 1, 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
| | - Frank Biedermann
- Institute
of Nanotechnology, Karlsruhe Institute of
Technology (KIT), Hermann-von-Helmholtz Platz 1, 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
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17
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Ringel C, Dittrich J, Gaudl A, Schellong P, Beuchel CF, Baber R, Beutner F, Teren A, Engel C, Wirkner K, Thiele H, Büttner P, Löffler M, Scholz M, Thiery J, Ceglarek U. Association of plasma trimethylamine N-oxide levels with atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease and factors of the metabolic syndrome. Atherosclerosis 2021; 335:62-67. [PMID: 34583200 DOI: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2021.09.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2021] [Accepted: 09/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS The association of plasma trimethylamine N-oxide (TMAO) with atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD), diabetes mellitus (DM) and its determinants, as well as the role of TMAO as a predictor for short and long-term mortality, is still under discussion. We investigated associations between four plasma metabolites of the TMAO pathway and different clinical manifestations of atherosclerosis, diabetes determinants, and risk of short and long-term mortality in patients with stable ASCVD, acute myocardial infarction (AMI), cardiogenic shock (CS), and DM in three independent cohorts. METHODS TMAO and its dietary precursors were simultaneously quantified by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry in a total of 2655 participants of the German Leipzig Research Center for Civilization Diseases (LIFE)-Heart study, LIFE-Adult study, and the European Culprit Lesion Only PCI versus Multivessel PCI in Cardiogenic Shock (CULPRIT-SHOCK) multicenter trial. Associations with ASCVD manifestations, metabolic syndrome, 30-day mortality of patients with AMI and CS, and long-term mortality of subjects with suspected coronary artery disease (CAD) were analyzed. RESULTS TMAO plasma levels were not independently associated with stable ASCVD. Elevated TMAO plasma concentrations were independently associated with obesity (odds ratio, 1.23; p < 0.01) and DM (odds ratio, 1.37; p < 0.001) in LIFE-Heart. The latter association was confirmed in LIFE-Adult. We found no association of TMAO plasma levels with short-term mortality in patients with AMI and CS. However, TMAO plasma levels were independent predictors of long-term mortality in patients with suspected CAD (hazard ratio, 1.24; p < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS Potential proatherogenic mechanisms of TMAO seem to have no short-term effect in AMI. Presented associations with diabetes mellitus and obesity suggest that TMAO might have a functional role in metabolic syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clemens Ringel
- Institute of Laboratory Medicine, Clinical Chemistry and Molecular Diagnostics, University Hospital Leipzig, Paul-List-Str. 13-15, 04103, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Julia Dittrich
- Institute of Laboratory Medicine, Clinical Chemistry and Molecular Diagnostics, University Hospital Leipzig, Paul-List-Str. 13-15, 04103, Leipzig, Germany; LIFE - Leipzig Research Center for Civilization Diseases, Leipzig University, Philipp-Rosenthal-Str. 27, 04103, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Alexander Gaudl
- Institute of Laboratory Medicine, Clinical Chemistry and Molecular Diagnostics, University Hospital Leipzig, Paul-List-Str. 13-15, 04103, Leipzig, Germany; LIFE - Leipzig Research Center for Civilization Diseases, Leipzig University, Philipp-Rosenthal-Str. 27, 04103, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Paul Schellong
- Institute of Laboratory Medicine, Clinical Chemistry and Molecular Diagnostics, University Hospital Leipzig, Paul-List-Str. 13-15, 04103, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Carl Friedrich Beuchel
- Institute for Medical Informatics, Statistics and Epidemiology, Leipzig University, Haertelstr. 16-18, 04107, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Ronny Baber
- Institute of Laboratory Medicine, Clinical Chemistry and Molecular Diagnostics, University Hospital Leipzig, Paul-List-Str. 13-15, 04103, Leipzig, Germany; LIFE - Leipzig Research Center for Civilization Diseases, Leipzig University, Philipp-Rosenthal-Str. 27, 04103, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Frank Beutner
- Department of Internal Medicine / Cardiology, Heart Center Leipzig at University of Leipzig, Struempellstr. 39, 04289, Leipzig, Germany; LIFE - Leipzig Research Center for Civilization Diseases, Leipzig University, Philipp-Rosenthal-Str. 27, 04103, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Andrej Teren
- Department of Internal Medicine / Cardiology, Heart Center Leipzig at University of Leipzig, Struempellstr. 39, 04289, Leipzig, Germany; LIFE - Leipzig Research Center for Civilization Diseases, Leipzig University, Philipp-Rosenthal-Str. 27, 04103, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Christoph Engel
- Institute for Medical Informatics, Statistics and Epidemiology, Leipzig University, Haertelstr. 16-18, 04107, Leipzig, Germany; LIFE - Leipzig Research Center for Civilization Diseases, Leipzig University, Philipp-Rosenthal-Str. 27, 04103, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Kerstin Wirkner
- Institute for Medical Informatics, Statistics and Epidemiology, Leipzig University, Haertelstr. 16-18, 04107, Leipzig, Germany; LIFE - Leipzig Research Center for Civilization Diseases, Leipzig University, Philipp-Rosenthal-Str. 27, 04103, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Holger Thiele
- Department of Internal Medicine / Cardiology, Heart Center Leipzig at University of Leipzig, Struempellstr. 39, 04289, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Petra Büttner
- Department of Internal Medicine / Cardiology, Heart Center Leipzig at University of Leipzig, Struempellstr. 39, 04289, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Markus Löffler
- Institute for Medical Informatics, Statistics and Epidemiology, Leipzig University, Haertelstr. 16-18, 04107, Leipzig, Germany; LIFE - Leipzig Research Center for Civilization Diseases, Leipzig University, Philipp-Rosenthal-Str. 27, 04103, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Markus Scholz
- Institute for Medical Informatics, Statistics and Epidemiology, Leipzig University, Haertelstr. 16-18, 04107, Leipzig, Germany; LIFE - Leipzig Research Center for Civilization Diseases, Leipzig University, Philipp-Rosenthal-Str. 27, 04103, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Joachim Thiery
- Institute of Laboratory Medicine, Clinical Chemistry and Molecular Diagnostics, University Hospital Leipzig, Paul-List-Str. 13-15, 04103, Leipzig, Germany; LIFE - Leipzig Research Center for Civilization Diseases, Leipzig University, Philipp-Rosenthal-Str. 27, 04103, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Uta Ceglarek
- Institute of Laboratory Medicine, Clinical Chemistry and Molecular Diagnostics, University Hospital Leipzig, Paul-List-Str. 13-15, 04103, Leipzig, Germany; LIFE - Leipzig Research Center for Civilization Diseases, Leipzig University, Philipp-Rosenthal-Str. 27, 04103, Leipzig, Germany.
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18
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Rox K, Rath S, Pieper DH, Vital M, Brönstrup M. A simplified LC-MS/MS method for the quantification of the cardiovascular disease biomarker trimethylamine- N-oxide and its precursors. J Pharm Anal 2021; 11:523-528. [PMID: 34513129 PMCID: PMC8424355 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpha.2021.03.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2020] [Revised: 01/11/2021] [Accepted: 03/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Trimethylamine-N-oxide (TMAO) has emerged as a potential biomarker for atherosclerosis and the development of cardiovascular diseases (CVDs). Although several clinical studies have shown striking associations of TMAO levels with atherosclerosis and CVDs, TMAO determinations are not clinical routine yet. The current methodology relies on isotope-labeled internal standards, which adds to pre-analytical complexity and costs for the quantification of TMAO and its precursors carnitine, betaine or choline. Here, we report a liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry based method that is fast (throughput up to 240 samples/day), consumes low sample volumes (e.g., from a finger prick), and does not require isotope-labeled standards. We circumvented the analytical problem posed by the presence of endogenous TMAO and its precursors in human plasma by using an artificial plasma matrix for calibration. We cross-validated the results obtained using an artificial matrix with those using mouse plasma matrix and demonstrated that TMAO, carnitine, betaine and choline were accurately quantified in ‘real-life’ human plasma samples from healthy volunteers, obtained either from a finger prick or from venous puncture. Additionally, we assessed the stability of samples stored at −20 °C and room temperature. Whereas all metabolites were stable at −20 °C, increasing concentrations of choline were determined when stored at room temperature. Our method will facilitate the establishment of TMAO as a routine clinical biomarker in hematology in order to assess the risk for CVDs development, or to monitor disease progression and intervention effects. Low sample volume for LC-MS/MS-based detection of TMAO and its precursors choline, carnitine and betaine. No need for isotope-labeled standards. Fast and cost-effective method facilitates measurement of biomarkers in clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katharina Rox
- Department of Chemical Biology (CBIO), Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research (HZI), 38124, Braunschweig, Germany.,German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), Partner Site Hannover-Braunschweig, 38124, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Silke Rath
- Research Group Microbial Interactions and Processes (MINP), Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research (HZI), 38124, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Dietmar H Pieper
- Research Group Microbial Interactions and Processes (MINP), Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research (HZI), 38124, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Marius Vital
- Research Group Microbial Interactions and Processes (MINP), Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research (HZI), 38124, Braunschweig, Germany.,Institute for Medical Microbiology and Hospital Epidemiology, Hannover Medical School (MHH), 30625, Hannover, Germany
| | - Mark Brönstrup
- Department of Chemical Biology (CBIO), Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research (HZI), 38124, Braunschweig, Germany.,German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), Partner Site Hannover-Braunschweig, 38124, Braunschweig, Germany
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19
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Ntasi G, Tsarbopoulos A, Mikros E, Gikas E. Targeted Metabolomics: The LC-MS/MS Based Quantification of the Metabolites Involved in the Methylation Biochemical Pathways. Metabolites 2021; 11:metabo11070416. [PMID: 34202851 PMCID: PMC8307054 DOI: 10.3390/metabo11070416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2021] [Revised: 06/15/2021] [Accepted: 06/20/2021] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Biochemical methylation reactions mediate the transfer of the methyl group regulating vital biochemical reactions implicated in various diseases as well as the methylation of DNA regulating the replication processes occurring in living organisms. As a finite number of methyl carriers are involved in the methyl transfer, their quantification could aid towards the assessment of an organism's methylation potential. An Hydrophilic Interaction Chromatography-Liquid Chromatography Multiple Reaction Monitoring (HILIC-LC-MRM) mass spectrometry (MS) methodology was developed and validated according to Food & Drug Administration (FDA), European Medicines Agency (EMA), and International Council for Harmonisation of Technical Requirements for Pharmaceuticals for Human Use (ICH) for the simultaneous determination of nine metabolites i.e., B12, folic acid, 5-methyltetrahydrofolate, S-adenosylmethionine, S-adenosylhomocysteine, betaine, phosphocholine, N,N-dimethylglycine, and deoxythymidine monophosphate in human blood plasma. The sample pretreatment was based on a single step Solid-phase extraction (SPE) methodology using C18 cartridges. The methodology was found to accurately quantitate the analytes under investigation according to the corresponding dynamic range proposed in the literature for each analyte. The applicability of the method was assessed using blood donor samples and its applicability demonstrated by the assessment of their basal levels, which were shown to agree with the established basal levels. The methodology can be used for diagnostic purposes as well as for epigenetic screening.
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Affiliation(s)
- Georgia Ntasi
- Division of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Panepistimiopolis Zografou, 15771 Athens, Greece or (G.N.); (E.M.)
| | - Anthony Tsarbopoulos
- Department of Pharmacology, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Mikras Asias 75, 11527 Athens, Greece;
- The Goulandris Natural History Museum, Bioanalytical Laboratory, GAIA Research Center, 13 Levidou Street, 14562 Kifissia, Greece
| | - Emmanuel Mikros
- Division of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Panepistimiopolis Zografou, 15771 Athens, Greece or (G.N.); (E.M.)
| | - Evagelos Gikas
- The Goulandris Natural History Museum, Bioanalytical Laboratory, GAIA Research Center, 13 Levidou Street, 14562 Kifissia, Greece
- Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry, School of Chemistry, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Panepistiomiopolis, Zografou, 15771 Athens, Greece
- Correspondence:
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20
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Moltó-Puigmartí C, Obeid R, Mommers M, Eussen SJ, Thijs C. Maternal plasma choline and betaine in late pregnancy and child growth up to age 8 years in the KOALA Birth Cohort Study. Am J Clin Nutr 2021; 114:1438-1446. [PMID: 34113974 PMCID: PMC8488875 DOI: 10.1093/ajcn/nqab177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2021] [Accepted: 05/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sufficient choline and betaine during pregnancy are needed for fetal growth and development. OBJECTIVES We aimed to investigate the associations between maternal plasma choline and betaine in the third trimester of pregnancy and child growth from birth up to 8 years of age. METHODS Concentrations of choline and betaine were measured in plasma of 1331 pregnant women from the KOALA (Kind, Ouders en gezondheid: Aandacht voor Leefstijl en Aanleg) Birth Cohort Study in the Netherlands. Child weight and height were measured at birth and at 1 (91% complete), 2 (86%), and 6-8 y (76%). Birth weight, weight gain in the first year, and z scores for weight and height at 1 and 2 y were used as continuous outcome variables. BMI z scores at 1 and 2 y were used as continuous and dichotomous outcomes, and BMI z scores at age 6-8 y were used to study overweight at that age. RESULTS Each 1-µmol/L increase of maternal plasma choline was associated with a mean 20-g (95% CI: 1.1, 38.0 g) higher weight gain in the first year of life, and a higher BMI z score (β: 0.02; 95% CI: 0.00, 0.04) and slightly higher odds of BMI z score >85th percentile (OR: 1.08; 95% CI: 1.03, 1.10) at 1-2 y. Each 1-µmol/L increase of plasma betaine was associated with a mean 12-g (95% CI: 0.8, 23.9 g) higher weight gain in the first year of life and higher odds of BMI z score >85th percentile at 1-2 y (OR: 1.03; 95% CI: 1.00, 1.07). Lastly, betaine was associated with overweight at 6-8 y (OR: 1.17; 95% CI: 1.02, 1.34), only in boys. CONCLUSIONS Third-trimester pregnancy plasma choline and betaine were positively associated with childhood anthropometric measures. In boys, some of the associations may have persisted up to 8 y of age. Further studies may investigate the validity of maternal plasma choline and betaine concentrations as markers of maternal intake and fetal transfer.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Rima Obeid
- Department of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, Saarland University Hospital, Homburg, Germany
| | - Monique Mommers
- Department of Epidemiology, Maastricht University Medical Centre, Maastricht, Netherlands
| | - Simone Jpm Eussen
- Department of Epidemiology, Maastricht University Medical Centre, Maastricht, Netherlands,Care and Public Health Research Institute, CARIM School for Cardiovascular Diseases, Maastricht University, Maastricht, Netherlands
| | - Carel Thijs
- Department of Epidemiology, Maastricht University Medical Centre, Maastricht, Netherlands
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21
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TODOROKI K, YOSHIZATO K, YOSHIDA H, YAMAGUCHI M, NOHTA H. Sensing of Acetylcholine-Related Compounds Using Cation-Selective Electrodes. BUNSEKI KAGAKU 2021. [DOI: 10.2116/bunsekikagaku.70.261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Masatoshi YAMAGUCHI
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, International University of Health and Welfare
| | - Hitoshi NOHTA
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Fukuoka University
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22
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Toya T, Ozcan I, Corban MT, Sara JD, Marietta EV, Ahmad A, Horwath IE, Loeffler DL, Murray JA, Lerman LO, Lerman A. Compositional change of gut microbiome and osteocalcin expressing endothelial progenitor cells in patients with coronary artery disease. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0249187. [PMID: 33765061 PMCID: PMC7993831 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0249187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2020] [Accepted: 03/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Osteogenic endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs) contribute to impaired endothelial repair and promote coronary artery disease (CAD) and vascular calcification. Immature EPCs expressing osteocalcin (OCN) has been linked to unstable CAD; however, phenotypic regulation of OCN-expressing EPCs is not understood. We hypothesized that gut-microbiome derived pro-inflammatory substance, trimethylamine N-oxide (TMAO) might be associated with mobilization of OCN-expressing EPCs. This study aimed to investigate the association between dysbiosis, TMAO, and circulating mature and immature OCN-expressing EPCs levels in patients with and without CAD. We included 202 patients (CAD N = 88; no CAD N = 114) who underwent assessment of EPCs using flow cytometry and gut microbiome composition. Mature and immature EPCs co-staining for OCN were identified using cell surface markers as CD34+/CD133-/kinase insert domain receptor (KDR)+ and CD34-/CD133+/KDR+ cells, respectively. The number of observed operational taxonomy units (OTU), index of microbial richness, was used to identify patients with dysbiosis. The number of immature OCN-expressing EPCs were higher in patients with CAD or dysbiosis than patients without. TMAO levels were not associated with circulating levels of OCN-expressing EPCs. The relative abundance of Ruminococcus gnavus was moderately correlated with circulating levels of immature OCN-expressing EPCs, especially in diabetic patients. Gut dysbiosis was associated with increased levels of TMAO, immature OCN-expressing EPCs, and CAD. The relative abundance of Ruminococcus gnavus was correlated with immature OCN-expressing EPCs, suggesting that the harmful effects of immature OCN-expressing EPCs on CAD and potentially vascular calcification might be mediated by gut microbiome-derived systemic inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takumi Toya
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States of America
- Division of Cardiology, National Defense Medical College, Tokorozawa, Saitama, Japan
| | - Ilke Ozcan
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States of America
| | - Michel T. Corban
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States of America
| | - Jaskanwal D. Sara
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States of America
| | - Eric V. Marietta
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States of America
| | - Ali Ahmad
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States of America
| | - Irina E. Horwath
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States of America
| | - Darrell L. Loeffler
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States of America
| | - Joseph A. Murray
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States of America
| | - Lilach O. Lerman
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States of America
| | - Amir Lerman
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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23
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Tillmann S, Awwad HM, MacPherson CW, Happ DF, Treccani G, Geisel J, Tompkins TA, Ueland PM, Wegener G, Obeid R. The Kynurenine Pathway Is Upregulated by Methyl-deficient Diet and Changes Are Averted by Probiotics. Mol Nutr Food Res 2021; 65:e2100078. [PMID: 33686786 DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.202100078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2021] [Revised: 02/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
SCOPE Probiotics exert immunomodulatory effects and may influence tryptophan metabolism in the host. Deficiency of nutrients related to C1 metabolism might stimulate inflammation by enhancing the kynurenine pathway. This study used Sprague Dawley rats to investigate whether a methyl-deficient diet (MDD) may influence tryptophan/kynurenine pathways and cytokines and whether probiotics can mitigate these effects. METHODS AND RESULTS Rats are fed a control or MDD diet. Animals on the MDD diet received vehicle, probiotics (L. helveticus R0052 and B. longum R0175), choline, or probiotics + choline for 10 weeks (n = 10 per group). Concentrations of plasma kynurenine metabolites and the methylation and inflammatory markers in plasma and liver are measured. RESULTS MDD animals (vs controls) show upregulation of plasma kynurenine, kynurenic acid, xanthurenic acid, 3-hydroxyxanthranilic acid, quinolinic acid, nicotinic acid, and nicotinamide (all p < 0.05). In the MDD rats, the probiotics (vs vehicle) cause lower anthranilic acid and a trend towards lower kynurenic acid and picolinic acid. Compared to probiotics alone, probiotics + choline is associated with a reduced enrichment of the bacterial strains in cecum. The interventions have no effect on inflammatory markers. CONCLUSIONS Probiotics counterbalance the effect of MDD diet and downregulate downstream metabolites of the kynurenine pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandra Tillmann
- Translational Neuropsychiatry Unit, Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus C, DK-8000, Denmark
| | - Hussain M Awwad
- Department of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, Saarland University Hospital, Building 57, Homburg/Saar, D-66421, Germany
| | - Chad W MacPherson
- Rosell Institute for Microbiome and Probiotics, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Denise F Happ
- Translational Neuropsychiatry Unit, Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus C, DK-8000, Denmark
| | - Giulia Treccani
- Translational Neuropsychiatry Unit, Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus C, DK-8000, Denmark
| | - Juergen Geisel
- Department of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, Saarland University Hospital, Building 57, Homburg/Saar, D-66421, Germany
| | - Thomas A Tompkins
- Rosell Institute for Microbiome and Probiotics, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Per Magne Ueland
- Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, New Lab Building, 9th floor, Bergen, Hordaland, 5021, Norway
| | - Gregers Wegener
- Translational Neuropsychiatry Unit, Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus C, DK-8000, Denmark
| | - Rima Obeid
- Department of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, Saarland University Hospital, Building 57, Homburg/Saar, D-66421, Germany.,Aarhus Institute of Advanced Studies, Aarhus University, Aarhus C, DK-8000, Denmark
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24
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Lamy E, Pilyser L, Paquet C, Bouaziz-Amar E, Grassin-Delyle S. High-sensitivity quantification of acetylcholine and choline in human cerebrospinal fluid with a validated LC-MS/MS method. Talanta 2021; 224:121881. [PMID: 33379090 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2020.121881] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2020] [Revised: 11/04/2020] [Accepted: 11/07/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Acetylcholine is the neurotransmitter of the parasympathetic nervous system, synthesized from choline and involved in several neurodegenerative diseases. Exploration of cholinergic neurotransmission in the human central nervous system is limited by the lack of a sensitive and specific method for the determination of acetylcholine and choline expression. We developed an hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography - mass spectrometry method for the quantification of both molecules in human cerebrospinal fluid samples. An extensive selectivity study towards endogenous interfering compounds, in particular γ-butyrobetain, was performed and the method was validated according to the European Medicine Agency and Food and Drug Administration guidelines for the validation of bioanalytical methods. The performance of the method was excellent with a lower limit of quantification at 5 ng/L (34.2 pmol/L) for acetylcholine and 5 μg/L for choline, a precision in the range 1.3-11.9% and an accuracy between 85.2 and 113.1%. This suitability of the method for the quantification of acetylcholine and choline in clinical samples was demonstrated with the analysis of patient cerebrospinal fluid samples. Altogether, this validated method allows the simultaneous quantitative analysis of acetylcholine and choline in human cerebrospinal fluid with high sensitivity and selectivity. It will allow to better characterize the cholinergic neurotransmission in human pathologies and to study the effects of drugs acting on this system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elodie Lamy
- Université Paris-Saclay, UVSQ, INSERM, Infection et inflammation, Département de Biotechnologie de la Santé, Montigny le Bretonneux, France
| | - Léa Pilyser
- Université Paris-Saclay, UVSQ, INSERM, Infection et inflammation, Département de Biotechnologie de la Santé, Montigny le Bretonneux, France
| | - Claire Paquet
- APHP GHU Nord Lariboisière Fernand-Widal, Centre de Neurologie Cognitive, Paris, France; INSERM U1144, Université de Paris, Paris, France
| | - Elodie Bouaziz-Amar
- INSERM U1144, Université de Paris, Paris, France; Département de Biochimie et Biologie moléculaire - GHU AP-HP.Nord - Université de Paris, Hôpital Lariboisière, Paris, France
| | - Stanislas Grassin-Delyle
- Université Paris-Saclay, UVSQ, INSERM, Infection et inflammation, Département de Biotechnologie de la Santé, Montigny le Bretonneux, France; Hôpital Foch, Département des maladies des voies respiratoires, Suresnes, France.
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25
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McLatchie L, Sahai A, Caldwell A, Dasgupta P, Fry C. ATP shows more potential as a urinary biomarker than acetylcholine and PGE 2 , but its concentration in urine is not a simple function of dilution. Neurourol Urodyn 2021; 40:753-762. [PMID: 33538358 DOI: 10.1002/nau.24620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2020] [Revised: 01/18/2021] [Accepted: 01/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
AIMS To determine whether the amount of ATP, prostaglandin E2 (PGE2 ), and acetylcholine (ACh) in voided urine are influenced enough by that released within the lower urinary tract (LUT) for them to be useful biomarkers of bladder function. METHODS Participants without LUT symptoms collected total urine voids at 15, 30, 60, and 120 min (20 males/23 females) and 240 min (18 males/26 females) following the previous void. Aliquots of urine were immediately frozen at -20°C and later used to measure ATP (luciferin-luciferase), PGE2 (enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay), ACh (mass spectrometry), creatinine (colorimetric), and lactose dehydrogenase (colorimetric). RESULTS The amount of ATP in voided urine correlated strongly with the rate of urine production, suggesting that the majority, if not all, the ATP in voided urine has an LUT, and likely bladder, origin. In contrast, there appeared to be no significant net LUTs release of creatinine or ACh into the urine. PGE2 was intermediate with an LUT component that increased with urine production rate and contributed about 25% of the total at 1 ml/min in women but a smaller fraction in men. CONCLUSION Whereas the majority of the ATP measured within the voided urine originates in the LUT, ACh reflects that extracted from the plasma in the kidneys and PGE2 is a mixture of both sources. ATP has the most potential as a biomarker of benign bladder disorders. Expressing urinary ATP concentration relative to creatinine concentration is questioned in light of these results.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Arun Sahai
- Department of Urology, Guy's Hospital, London, UK
| | - Anna Caldwell
- Mass Spectrometry Facility, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Prokar Dasgupta
- Faculty for Life Sciences and Medicine, King's College London, King's Health Partners, London, UK
| | - Chris Fry
- School of Physiology, Pharmacology & Neuroscience, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
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26
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Jee SC, Lee KM, Kim M, Lee YJ, Kim S, Park JO, Sung JS. Neuroprotective Effect of Cudrania tricuspidata Fruit Extracts on Scopolamine-Induced Learning and Memory Impairment. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21239202. [PMID: 33276674 PMCID: PMC7730846 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21239202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2020] [Revised: 11/30/2020] [Accepted: 11/30/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Cudrania tricuspidata has diverse biological activities, such as antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anticancer, and neuroprotective effects. This study investigated the protective effects of C. tricuspidata fruit extracts (CTFE) against scopolamine (SCO)-induced neuron impairment. The neuroprotective effects of CTFE on SCO-induced memory dysfunction were confirmed in mice using the Barnes maze test. The results showed that co-treatment of SCO and CTFE increased the stay time in the target zone compared with SCO treatment alone. Similarly, the results obtained by the fear conditioning test revealed that SCO-CTFE co-treatment induced the freezing action time under both the contextual fear condition and the cued fear condition compared with SCO treatment alone. Moreover, we showed that CTFE reduced the SCO-induced acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activity, thereby increasing the acetylcholine concentration in mice hippocampal tissues. Consistent with the improvement of memory and recognition function in vivo, our in vitro results showed that CTFE induced cAMP response element binding protein (CREB) and extracellular regulated kinase 1/2 (ERK1/2) activity in PC12 cells and reduced SCO-induced AChE activity. In addition, the microarray results of the hippocampal tissue support our data showing that CTFE affects gene expressions associated with neurogenesis and neuronal cell differentiation markers such as spp1 and klk6. Overall, CTFE exerts a neuroprotective effect via regulation of the CREB and ERK1/2 signaling pathways and could be a therapeutic candidate for neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Jung-Suk Sung
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +82-31-961-5132; Fax: +82-31-961-5108
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27
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Evaluation of Choline and Acetylcholine Levels in Responders and Nonresponders to Anticholinergic Therapy for Overactive Bladder Syndrome. Female Pelvic Med Reconstr Surg 2020; 26:e91-e96. [PMID: 31651539 DOI: 10.1097/spv.0000000000000787] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study aimed to determine whether levels of choline (Ch) and acetylcholine (Ach) differ between responders and nonresponders to anticholinergic therapy. METHODS Patients prescribed an anticholinergic were evaluated using the Overactive Bladder Symptom Score; Medical, Epidemiologic and Social Aspects of Aging and Incontinence Questionnaire; and Incontinence Impact Questionnaire-7. A 1-day voiding diary and a urine sample were collected. After treatment for 12 weeks, the questionnaires were administered and 1-day voiding diary was completed. Levels of Ach and Ch were measured by liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry. Subjects were divided into responders and nonresponders. Wilcoxon rank sum test and Fisher exact test were used to express differences between groups. Spearman ρ correlation coefficient was used to determine the relationship between Ach and Ch and symptom severity, patient demographics, and questionnaire scores. RESULTS Thirty-one women were included in the analysis. The treatment response rate was 48.8%. The median age was 67 years (interquartile range, 50-76 years), and median body mass index was 32.3 kg/m2 (27.5-40.6 kg/m2), with 41.2% having an additional complaint of stress incontinence. There were no significant differences in symptom severity or questionnaire scores between groups.The median Ch and Ach levels were higher in responders (28.6 vs 9.2 μL, P = 0.04) and (83.1 vs 18.7 nL, P = 0.02), respectively. Levels of both Ch and Ach had moderate positive correlations with the Medical, Epidemiologic and Social Aspects of Aging and Incontinence Questionnaire urgency urinary incontinence score (ρ = 0.533 [P = 0.002] and ρ = 0.453 [P = 0.01], respectively). CONCLUSION In women with overactive bladder, urinary Ach and Ch levels are higher in responders to anticholinergic therapy compared with nonresponders.
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Wang XN, Liu JQ, Shi ZQ, Sun FY, Liu LF, Xin GZ. Orthogonal label and label-free dual pretreatment for targeted profiling of neurotransmitters in enteric nervous system. Anal Chim Acta 2020; 1139:68-78. [PMID: 33190711 DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2020.09.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2020] [Accepted: 09/14/2020] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Neurotransmitter (NT) abnormalities in the enteric nervous system have been reported as crucial roles to regulate the intestinal inflammation and gut immune homeostasis. Capturing quantitative changes at the NT metabolome provides an opportunity to develop an understanding of neuroimmune-mediated inflammation. Given the wide diversity of chemical characterizations in the NTs, only partial coverage of the NT metabolome can be simultaneously quantified in a single-run analysis. Herein, we summarized the distribution of functional groups of compound entries in the NT metabolome. Based on this information, an orthogonal dansyl-labeling and label-free dual pretreatment approach was separately designed to target phenol and amine NTs and tertiary amine and choline NTs. By combining the dansyl-labeled and unlabeled NTs within a single vial, a comprehensive and practical approach was optimized for quantifying high coverage of NT metabolome in a single-run analysis on the reversed-phase C18 column. Method validation indicated good linearity with correlation coefficients (R2) > 0.99, intra- and interday accuracy with relative error < ±20%, and precision with relative standard deviations of ≤15%. With this method, we could simultaneously monitor the alterations of cholines, amines, amino acids, tryptophan and phenylalanine biological pathways in dextran sulphate sodium-induced colitis mice. The measured levels of NT metabolome ranged from 0.0007 to 3.540 μg/mg in intestinal contents and 0.013-154.54 μg/mL in serum samples. The NT metabolism was disrupted by colitis, characterized by the changed NT levels in serum and excessive amino acid NTs accumulation in the intestinal contents. We envisage that the orthogonal approach is of great significance for the comprehensive determination of targeted metabolomics. NTs have the potential to be biomarkers for clinical metabolomics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin-Nan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Department of Chinese Medicines Analysis, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, No. 24 Tongjia Lane, Nanjing, China
| | - Jian-Qun Liu
- Key Laboratory of Modern Preparation of TCM, Ministry of Education, Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, No. 818 Xingwan Road, Nanchang, 330004, Jiangxi Province, China
| | - Zi-Qi Shi
- Affiliated Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210028, Jiangsu, China
| | - Fang-Yuan Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Department of Chinese Medicines Analysis, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, No. 24 Tongjia Lane, Nanjing, China
| | - Li-Fang Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Department of Chinese Medicines Analysis, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, No. 24 Tongjia Lane, Nanjing, China.
| | - Gui-Zhong Xin
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Department of Chinese Medicines Analysis, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, No. 24 Tongjia Lane, Nanjing, China.
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Beachler TM, Scott Bailey C, Gracz HS, Morgan DR, Von Dollen KA, Ellis KE, Gadsby JE, Lyle SK. Metabolomic Profile of Allantoic and Amniotic Fluid in Late-term Gestational Mares Characterized by 1H-nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy. J Equine Vet Sci 2020; 94:103235. [PMID: 33077068 DOI: 10.1016/j.jevs.2020.103235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2020] [Revised: 08/17/2020] [Accepted: 08/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The amniotic and allantoic fluid compartments in the mare serve essential roles throughout pregnancy and parturition. Although the global metabolomic profile of amniotic fluid in women has been extensively characterized, current data for equine fetal fluids are limited. Therefore, the goal of this study was to characterize the global metabolomic profile of equine allantoic and amniotic fluid through nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. Fetal fluids were collected between 270 and 295 days of gestation from 12 pregnancies through ultrasound-guided transabdominal puncture. A total of 24 samples (n = 10 allantoic fluid; n = 9 amniotic fluid; n = 5 admixed fluid) were analyzed by one-dimensional proton (1H) and two-dimensional (1H-13 C) nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. Metabolites were integrated and compared between fluid types using a Kruskal-Wallis test at P < .05 significance. A total of 28 distinct metabolites were found in allantoic and admixed fluid, whereas 23 metabolites were identified in amniotic fluid. Allantoic fluid contained significant elevations (P < .05) in the metabolites betaine, creatine, creatinine, citrate, histidine, nitrophenol, tryptophan, π-methylhistidine, and unknown metabolite #1 compared with amniotic fluid, whereas amniotic fluid contained statistically increased concentrations of the metabolite lactate compared with allantoic fluid (P = .003).
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Affiliation(s)
- Theresa M Beachler
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC
| | - C Scott Bailey
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC
| | - Hanna S Gracz
- Department of Biochemistry, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC
| | - Davic R Morgan
- Department of Biochemistry, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC
| | - Karen A Von Dollen
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC
| | - Katey E Ellis
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC
| | - John E Gadsby
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC
| | - Sara K Lyle
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC.
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Li L, Zong S, Lu Y, Zhang Y, Qian Z, Zhu K, Wang Z, Yang K, Wang Z, Cui Y. Quaternary-Ammonium-Modulated Surface-Enhanced Raman Spectroscopy Effect: Discovery, Mechanism, and Application for Highly Sensitive In Vitro Sensing of Acetylcholine. Anal Chem 2020; 92:9706-9713. [PMID: 32580546 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.0c01061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Quaternary ammonium (QA) plays multiple roles in biological functions, whose dysregulation may result in multiple diseases. However, how to efficiently detect QA-based materials such as acetylcholine (ACh) still remains a great challenge, especially in complex biological environments. Here, a new effect [called quaternary-ammonium-modulated surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (QAM-SERS) effect] is discovered, showing that the existence of QA will modulate the intensity of SERS signals in a concentration-dependent manner. When the QAM-SERS effect is used, a new method is easily developed for in vitro detection of ACh with an extremely high sensitivity and an ultrawide dynamic range. Particularly, the linear dynamic range can be freely tuned to adapt for various physiological samples. As a proof-of-concept experiment, the time-dependent secretion of ACh from PC12 cells was successfully monitored using the QAM-SERS method, which were under either the stimulation of potassium ions or the incubation of drugs. The discovery of the QAM-SERS effect provides an easy and universal strategy for detecting ACh as well as other QA-contained molecules, which can also inspire new insights into the roles that QA could play in biology and chemistry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lang Li
- Advanced Photonics Center, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210096, China
| | - Shenfei Zong
- Advanced Photonics Center, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210096, China
| | - Yang Lu
- Advanced Photonics Center, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210096, China
| | - Yizhi Zhang
- Advanced Photonics Center, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210096, China
| | - Ziting Qian
- Advanced Photonics Center, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210096, China
| | - Kai Zhu
- Advanced Photonics Center, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210096, China
| | - Zhile Wang
- Advanced Photonics Center, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210096, China
| | - Kuo Yang
- Advanced Photonics Center, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210096, China
| | - Zhuyuan Wang
- Advanced Photonics Center, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210096, China
| | - Yiping Cui
- Advanced Photonics Center, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210096, China
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Letertre MPM, Munjoma N, Wolfer K, Pechlivanis A, McDonald JAK, Hardwick RN, Cherrington NJ, Coen M, Nicholson JK, Hoyles L, Swann JR, Wilson ID. A Two-Way Interaction between Methotrexate and the Gut Microbiota of Male Sprague-Dawley Rats. J Proteome Res 2020; 19:3326-3339. [PMID: 32544340 PMCID: PMC7426014 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jproteome.0c00230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Methotrexate (MTX) is a chemotherapeutic agent that can cause a range of toxic side effects including gastrointestinal damage, hepatotoxicity, myelosuppression, and nephrotoxicity and has potentially complex interactions with the gut microbiome. Following untargeted UPLC-qtof-MS analysis of urine and fecal samples from male Sprague-Dawley rats administered at either 0, 10, 40, or 100 mg/kg of MTX, dose-dependent changes in the endogenous metabolite profiles were detected. Semiquantitative targeted UPLC-MS detected MTX excreted in urine as well as MTX and two metabolites, 2,4-diamino-N-10-methylpteroic acid (DAMPA) and 7-hydroxy-MTX, in the feces. DAMPA is produced by the bacterial enzyme carboxypeptidase glutamate 2 (CPDG2) in the gut. Microbiota profiling (16S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing) of fecal samples showed an increase in the relative abundance of Firmicutes over the Bacteroidetes at low doses of MTX but the reverse at high doses. Firmicutes relative abundance was positively correlated with DAMPA excretion in feces at 48 h, which were both lower at 100 mg/kg compared to that seen at 40 mg/kg. Overall, chronic exposure to MTX appears to induce community and functionality changes in the intestinal microbiota, inducing downstream perturbations in CPDG2 activity, and thus may delay MTX detoxication to DAMPA. This reduction in metabolic clearance might be associated with increased gastrointestinal toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marine P M Letertre
- Department of Metabolism, Digestion and Reproduction, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College, London SW7 2AZ, U.K
| | | | - Kate Wolfer
- Department of Metabolism, Digestion and Reproduction, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College, London SW7 2AZ, U.K
| | - Alexandros Pechlivanis
- Department of Metabolism, Digestion and Reproduction, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College, London SW7 2AZ, U.K.,Center for Interdisciplinary Research of the Aristotle University of Thessaloniki (KEDEK), 57001 Thessaloniki, Greece.,Department of Chemistry, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Julie A K McDonald
- Department of Metabolism, Digestion and Reproduction, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College, London SW7 2AZ, U.K
| | - Rhiannon N Hardwick
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, University of Arizona, Tuscon, Arizona 85721, United States
| | - Nathan J Cherrington
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, University of Arizona, Tuscon, Arizona 85721, United States
| | - Muireann Coen
- Department of Metabolism, Digestion and Reproduction, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College, London SW7 2AZ, U.K.,Oncology Safety, Clinical Pharmacology & Safety Sciences, R&D, Astra Zeneca, Cambridge CB4 0WG, U.K
| | - Jeremy K Nicholson
- Australian National Phenome Centre, Health Futures Institute, Murdoch University, Murdoch, WA 6150, Australia
| | - Lesley Hoyles
- Department of Metabolism, Digestion and Reproduction, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College, London SW7 2AZ, U.K.,Department of Biosciences, Nottingham Trent University, Nottingham NG11 8NS, U.K
| | - Jonathan R Swann
- Department of Metabolism, Digestion and Reproduction, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College, London SW7 2AZ, U.K
| | - Ian D Wilson
- Department of Metabolism, Digestion and Reproduction, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College, London SW7 2AZ, U.K
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Clinical and biochemical characteristics of patients with ornithine transcarbamylase deficiency. Clin Biochem 2020; 84:63-72. [PMID: 32569589 DOI: 10.1016/j.clinbiochem.2020.06.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2020] [Revised: 05/31/2020] [Accepted: 06/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Ornithine transcarbamylase deficiency (OTCD) is pleomorphic congenital hyperammonemia, in which the prognosis of the patient is determined both by genotype and environmental factors. This study investigated the clinical and biochemical characteristics of OTCD patients with different prognosis. METHOD Of 35 OTCD patients, six males deceased at the first disease-onset, 17 males survived and had controllable ammonia levels after treatment, and 12 females survived through the first disease-onset but had intractable hyperammonemia and high mortality. Fasting blood samples from patients collected at three disease stages were used for the analysis of amino acid (AA) profile, acylcarnitine profile, and micronutrients. Differences in profiles between patients and healthy controls and within patient groups were studied. RESULTS All OTCD patients had accumulation of glutamine, homocitrulline, lysine, glutamate, cystathionine, and pipecolic acid, as well as deficiency of citrulline, tryptophan, threonine, and carnitine. For male non-survivors, most other AAs and long-chain acylcarnitines were elevated at disease onset, of which the levels of creatine, N-acetylaspartic acid, and homoarginine were remarkably high. Male survivors and female patients had most other AAs at low to normal levels. Compared with male survivors, female patients had much lower protein-intolerance, as indicated by significantly lower levels of protein consumption indicators, including essential AAs, 1-methylhistidine, acylcarnitines et al., but high levels of ammonia. Female patients still had significantly higher levels of citrulline, homocitrulline, and citrulline/arginine compared to male survivors. CONCLUSION Unique profiles were observed in each group of OTCD patients, indicating specific physiological changes that happened to them.
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Roggensack T, Merz B, Dick N, Bub A, Krüger R. Targeted ultra-performance liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometric quantification of methylated amines and selected amino acids in biofluids. RAPID COMMUNICATIONS IN MASS SPECTROMETRY : RCM 2020; 34:e8646. [PMID: 31674086 DOI: 10.1002/rcm.8646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2019] [Revised: 10/23/2019] [Accepted: 10/27/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
RATIONALE Methylated amino compounds and basic amino acids are important analyte classes with high relevance in nutrition, physical activity and physiology. Reliable and easy quantification methods covering a variety of metabolites in body fluids are a prerequisite for efficient investigations in the field of food and nutrition. METHODS Targeted ultra-performance liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometric (UHPLC/MS) analysis was performed using HILIC separation and timed ESI-MRM detection, combined with a short sample preparation. Calibration in urine and blood plasma was achieved by matrix-matched standards, isotope-labelled internal standards and standard addition. The method was fully validated and the performance was evaluated using a subset from the Karlsruhe Metabolomics and Nutrition (KarMeN) study. RESULTS Within this method, a total of 30 compounds could be quantified simultaneously in a short run of 9 min in both body fluids. This covers a variety of free amino compounds which are present in very different concentrations. The method is easy, precise and robust, and has a broad working range. As a proof of principle, literature-based associations of certain metabolites with dietary intake of respective foods were clearly confirmed in the KarMeN subset. CONCLUSIONS Overall, the method turned out to be well suited for application in nutrition studies, as shown for the example of food intake biomarkers in KarMeN. Application to a variety of questions such as food-related effects or physical activity will support future studies in the context of nutrition and health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tim Roggensack
- Department of Physiology and Biochemistry of Nutrition, Max Rubner-Institut, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Benedikt Merz
- Department of Physiology and Biochemistry of Nutrition, Max Rubner-Institut, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Niels Dick
- Department of Physiology and Biochemistry of Nutrition, Max Rubner-Institut, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Achim Bub
- Department of Physiology and Biochemistry of Nutrition, Max Rubner-Institut, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Ralf Krüger
- Department of Physiology and Biochemistry of Nutrition, Max Rubner-Institut, Karlsruhe, Germany
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Cho HD, Kim J, Lee JY, Kim YY, Lee Y, Jo E, Suh JH, Lee J, Cha S, Han SB. A novel dried blood spots analysis combined with on-spot reaction for determination of trimethylamine N-oxide and its related compounds. Talanta 2020; 210:120639. [DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2019.120639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2019] [Revised: 12/05/2019] [Accepted: 12/09/2019] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Chirita-Emandi A, Serban CL, Paul C, Andreescu N, Velea I, Mihailescu A, Serafim V, Tiugan DA, Tutac P, Zimbru C, Puiu M, Niculescu MD. CHDH-PNPLA3 Gene-Gene Interactions Predict Insulin Resistance in Children with Obesity. Diabetes Metab Syndr Obes 2020; 13:4483-4494. [PMID: 33239899 PMCID: PMC7682614 DOI: 10.2147/dmso.s277268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2020] [Accepted: 09/26/2020] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Insulin resistance plays a major role in metabolic syndrome and is recognized as the most common risk factor for non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). Identifying predictors for insulin resistance could optimize screening and prevention. PURPOSE To evaluate the contribution of multiple single nucleotide polymorphisms across genes related to NAFLD and choline metabolism, in predicting insulin resistance in children with obesity. METHODS One hundred fifty-three children with obesity (73 girls), aged 7-18 years, were evaluated within the NutriGen Study (ClinicalTrials.gov-NCT02837367). Insulin resistance was defined by Homeostatic Model Assessment for insulin-resistance cut-offs that accommodated pubertal and gender differences. Anthropometric, metabolic, intake-related variables, and 55 single nucleotide polymorphisms related to NAFLD and choline metabolism were evaluated. Gene-gene interaction effects were assessed using Multiple Data Reduction Software. RESULTS Sixty percent (93/153) of participants showed insulin resistance (58.7% of boys, 63% of girls). Children with insulin resistance presented significantly higher values for standardized body mass index, triglycerides, transaminases and plasma choline when compared to those without insulin resistance. Out of 52 single nucleotide polymorphisms analysed, the interaction between genotypes CHDH(rs12676) and PNPLA3(rs738409) predicted insulin resistance. The model presented a 6/10 cross-validation consistency and 0.58 testing accuracy. Plasma choline levels and alanine aminotransferase modulated the gene interaction effect, significantly improving the model. CONCLUSION The interaction between genotypes in CHDH and PNPLA3 genes, modulated by choline and alanine aminotransferase levels, predicted insulin-resistance status in children with obesity. If replicated in larger cohorts, these findings could help identify metabolic risk in children with obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adela Chirita-Emandi
- Department of Microscopic Morphology - Genetics, Center of Genomic Medicine, University of Medicine and Pharmacy “Victor Babes”, Timisoara, Romania
- Regional Center of Medical Genetics Timis, Clinical Emergency Hospital for Children “Louis Turcanu”, Timisoara, Romania
| | - Costela Lacrimioara Serban
- Regional Center of Medical Genetics Timis, Clinical Emergency Hospital for Children “Louis Turcanu”, Timisoara, Romania
- Department of Functional Sciences, University of Medicine and Pharmacy “Victor Babes”, Timisoara, Romania
| | - Corina Paul
- Pediatrics Department – Pediatrics Discipline II, University of Medicine and Pharmacy “Victor Babes”, Timisoara, Romania
- Pediatrics, Endocrinology and Diabetes Department, Clinic II Pediatrics, “Pius Branzeu” Clinical Emergency County Hospital, Timisoara, Romania
| | - Nicoleta Andreescu
- Department of Microscopic Morphology - Genetics, Center of Genomic Medicine, University of Medicine and Pharmacy “Victor Babes”, Timisoara, Romania
- Regional Center of Medical Genetics Timis, Clinical Emergency Hospital for Children “Louis Turcanu”, Timisoara, Romania
- Correspondence: Nicoleta Andreescu Department of Microscopic Morphology - Genetics, Center of Genomic Medicine, University of Medicine and Pharmacy “Victor Babes”, Timisoara, Romania Email
| | - Iulian Velea
- Pediatrics Department – Pediatrics Discipline II, University of Medicine and Pharmacy “Victor Babes”, Timisoara, Romania
- Pediatrics, Endocrinology and Diabetes Department, Clinic II Pediatrics, “Pius Branzeu” Clinical Emergency County Hospital, Timisoara, Romania
| | - Alexandra Mihailescu
- Department of Microscopic Morphology - Genetics, Center of Genomic Medicine, University of Medicine and Pharmacy “Victor Babes”, Timisoara, Romania
| | - Vlad Serafim
- Department of Microscopic Morphology - Genetics, Center of Genomic Medicine, University of Medicine and Pharmacy “Victor Babes”, Timisoara, Romania
- The National Institute of Research and Development for Biological Sciences, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Diana-Andreea Tiugan
- Department of Microscopic Morphology - Genetics, Center of Genomic Medicine, University of Medicine and Pharmacy “Victor Babes”, Timisoara, Romania
| | - Paul Tutac
- Department of Microscopic Morphology - Genetics, Center of Genomic Medicine, University of Medicine and Pharmacy “Victor Babes”, Timisoara, Romania
| | - Cristian Zimbru
- Department of Microscopic Morphology - Genetics, Center of Genomic Medicine, University of Medicine and Pharmacy “Victor Babes”, Timisoara, Romania
- Department of Automation and Applied Informatics, Politehnica University of Timisoara, Timisoara, Romania
| | - Maria Puiu
- Department of Microscopic Morphology - Genetics, Center of Genomic Medicine, University of Medicine and Pharmacy “Victor Babes”, Timisoara, Romania
- Regional Center of Medical Genetics Timis, Clinical Emergency Hospital for Children “Louis Turcanu”, Timisoara, Romania
| | - Mihai Dinu Niculescu
- Department of Microscopic Morphology - Genetics, Center of Genomic Medicine, University of Medicine and Pharmacy “Victor Babes”, Timisoara, Romania
- Advanced Nutrigenomics, Cary, NC27511, USA
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Natural Choline from Egg Yolk Phospholipids Is More Efficiently Absorbed Compared with Choline Bitartrate; Outcomes of A Randomized Trial in Healthy Adults. Nutrients 2019; 11:nu11112758. [PMID: 31766273 PMCID: PMC6893749 DOI: 10.3390/nu11112758] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2019] [Revised: 10/28/2019] [Accepted: 11/08/2019] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Choline is a vitamin-like essential nutrient, important throughout one’s lifespan. Therefore, choline salts are added to infant formula, supplements and functional foods. However, if choline is present in a natural form, e.g. bound to phospholipids, it may be more efficiently absorbed. The study’s aim was to evaluate if choline uptake is improved after consumption of an egg yolk phospholipid drink, containing 3 g of phospholipid bound choline, compared to a control drink with 3 g of choline bitartrate. We performed a randomized, double blind, cross-over trial with 18 participants. Plasma choline, betaine and dimethylglycine concentrations were determined before and up to six hours after consumption of the drinks. The plasma choline response, as determined by the incremental area under the curve, was four times higher after consumption of the egg yolk phospholipid drink compared with the control drink (p < 0.01). Similar outcomes were also observed for choline’s main metabolites, betaine (p < 0.01) and dimethylglycine (p = 0.01). Consumption of natural choline from egg yolk phospholipids improved choline absorption compared to consumption of chemically produced choline bitartrate. This information is of relevance for the food industry, instead of adding choline-salts, adding choline from egg yolk phospholipids can improve choline uptake and positively impact health.
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Andraos S, Wake M, Saffery R, Burgner D, Kussmann M, O'Sullivan J. Perspective: Advancing Understanding of Population Nutrient-Health Relations via Metabolomics and Precision Phenotypes. Adv Nutr 2019; 10:944-952. [PMID: 31098626 PMCID: PMC6855971 DOI: 10.1093/advances/nmz045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2018] [Revised: 03/26/2019] [Accepted: 04/01/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Diet and lifestyle are vital to population health, but their true contribution is difficult to quantify using traditional methods. Nutrient-health relations are typically based on epidemiological associations that are assessed at the population level, traditionally using self-reported dietary and lifestyle data. Unfortunately, such measures are inherently inaccurate. New technologies such as metabolomics can measure nutritional and micronutrient profiles in body fluids, providing objective evaluation of nutritional status. A critical step toward accurate health prediction models would be the building of integrated repositories of nutritional measures combining subjective methods of reporting with objective metabolomics profiles and precise phenotypic data. Here we outline a roadmap to achieve this goal and discuss both the advantages and risks of this approach. We also highlight the uncertain associations between the complexity of high-dimensional data generated in 'omics research (along with the public confusion this may engender) and the rapid adoption of 'omics approaches by nutrition and health companies to develop nutritional products and services.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Melissa Wake
- The Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Richard Saffery
- The Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - David Burgner
- The Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Martin Kussmann
- Liggins Institute, Auckland, New Zealand,New Zealand National Science Challenge, High-Value Nutrition, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand,Frontiers Media SA, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Justin O'Sullivan
- Liggins Institute, Auckland, New Zealand,New Zealand National Science Challenge, High-Value Nutrition, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand,Address correspondence to JO (e-mail: )
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Peña-Bautista C, Flor L, López-Nogueroles M, García L, Ferrer I, Baquero M, Vento M, Cháfer-Pericás C. Plasma alterations in cholinergic and serotonergic systems in early Alzheimer Disease: Diagnosis utility. Clin Chim Acta 2019; 500:233-240. [PMID: 31678274 DOI: 10.1016/j.cca.2019.10.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2019] [Revised: 10/21/2019] [Accepted: 10/21/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Alzheimer Disease (AD) is the most common cause of dementia and it involves a high social and economic cost worldwide, and the health system still does not count with an effective treatment. This may be explained by the lack of a reliable early diagnosis and the complex physiological mechanisms involved in the disease development. In this sense, the cholinergic and serotonergic systems may be altered in the disease course. METHODS In this study, metabolites from these pathways were determined in order to develop a non-invasive and early diagnosis model, as well as to advance in the knowledge of the physiopathological mechanisms of the disease. For this, plasma samples from mild cognitive impairment due to AD patients (MCI-AD, n = 25) and healthy controls (n = 25) were analysed. RESULTS choline and tryptophan pathways were deregulated in MCI-AD. Therefore, a model based on betaine, cytidine, uridine, choline, acetylcholine, serotonin and tryptophan was developed, showing an AUC-ROC of 0.862, and sensitivity and specificity of 96% and 72%, respectively. CONCLUSION Alterations in metabolites from these pathways are related to cognitive impairment and neurodegeneration, and they could be useful in AD diagnosis. Nevertheless, further research is required in order to validate this diagnosis model.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Lidia Flor
- Health Research Institute La Fe, Valencia, Spain
| | | | - Lorena García
- Division of Neurology, University and Polytechnic Hospital La Fe, Valencia, Spain
| | - Inés Ferrer
- Division of Neurology, University and Polytechnic Hospital La Fe, Valencia, Spain
| | - Miguel Baquero
- Division of Neurology, University and Polytechnic Hospital La Fe, Valencia, Spain
| | - Máximo Vento
- Health Research Institute La Fe, Valencia, Spain
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Isotope Dilution LC-MS/MS Method for Glycine Betaine in Manila Clam (Tapes philippinarum). FOOD ANAL METHOD 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s12161-019-01469-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Glucose and Fat Tolerance Tests Induce Differential Responses in Plasma Choline Metabolites in Healthy Subjects. Nutrients 2018; 10:nu10091209. [PMID: 30200465 PMCID: PMC6165136 DOI: 10.3390/nu10091209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2018] [Revised: 08/24/2018] [Accepted: 08/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Plasma choline shows associations with plasma glucose and lipids. We studied changes of choline metabolites after oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) and fat tolerance test (OFTT). Eighteen healthy subjects (mean age 54.3 years; BMI 26.8 kg/m2) underwent 2 tests. First, OFTT (80 g fat) was applied and blood was collected at baseline and 4 h after OFTT. Seven days later, 75 g glucose was applied and blood was collected at baseline and 2 h after OGTT. Plasma concentrations of choline, betaine, trimethylamine N-oxide (TMAO), dimethylglycine, S-adenosylmethionine (SAM), lipids and glucose were measured. After OFTT, plasma choline declined (10.6 to 9.2 µmol/L; p = 0.004), betaine declined (33.4 to 31.7 µmol/L; p = 0.003), TMAO slightly increased (4.1 to 5.6 µmol/L; p = 0.105), glucose declined (5.39 to 4.98 mmol/L; p < 0.001), and triglycerides increased (1.27 to 2.53 mmol/L; p < 0.001). After OGTT, plasma choline increased (10.1 to 11.1 µmol/L; p < 0.001), TMAO declined (4.0 to 3.5 µmol/L; p = 0.029), dimethylglycine declined (2.0 to 1.7 µmol/L; p = 0.005), SAM declined (103 to 96 nmol/L; p = 0.041), but betaine, glucose, and SAM were unchanged. In conclusion, OFTT lowered plasma betaine and choline and caused heterogeneous changes in plasma TMAO. OGTT reduced the flow of methyl groups and plasma TMAO.
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Wiedeman AM, Dyer RA, Green TJ, Xu Z, Barr SI, Innis SM, Kitts DD. Variations in plasma choline and metabolite concentrations in healthy adults. Clin Biochem 2018; 60:77-83. [PMID: 30125545 DOI: 10.1016/j.clinbiochem.2018.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2018] [Revised: 08/08/2018] [Accepted: 08/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Plasma concentrations of choline and its metabolites might serve as biomarkers for the health outcomes of several pathological states such as cardiovascular disease and cancer. However, information about the reliability of biomarkers of choline status is limited. We investigated biological variations in repeated measures of choline and metabolites in healthy adults to assess them as biomarkers. METHODS Blood samples were collected after an overnight fast at three-time points 12 days apart from 40 adults (mean age, 33 y; male, n = 21). A subset (n = 19; [male, n = 8]) provided one additional sample after a breakfast meal. Plasma free choline, betaine and dimethylglycine were measured using liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry, and plasma phosphatidylcholine, sphingomyelin and lysophosphatidylcholine were measured using high-performance liquid chromatography. RESULTS The biological variations observed for choline and metabolites were ≤ 13% for adult fasting samples. This corresponded to intra-class correlations (ICC) that ranged from 0.593 to 0.770 for fasting values for choline and metabolites. A similar ICC range was also obtained between fasting and post-prandial states. Although most post-prandial concentrations of choline and metabolites were significantly higher (P < .05) than fasting, all fell within a calculated reference interval. The participants were correctly classified in tertiles for fasting and post-prandial states for choline (68%) and metabolites (range = 32% phosphatidylcholine and 79% for sphingomyelin). CONCLUSIONS These findings indicate that biological variations of choline and metabolites are low in healthy adults and values from a single blood sample can be used as a biomarker. However, choosing phosphatidylcholine as a biomarker is less reliable.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alejandra M Wiedeman
- BC Children's Hospital Research Institute, 950 west 28(th) avenue, Vancouver, BC V5Z 4H4, Canada; Food, Nutrition, and Health Program, University of British Columbia, 2205 East Mall, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada.
| | - Roger A Dyer
- BC Children's Hospital Research Institute, 950 west 28(th) avenue, Vancouver, BC V5Z 4H4, Canada.
| | - Timothy J Green
- BC Children's Hospital Research Institute, 950 west 28(th) avenue, Vancouver, BC V5Z 4H4, Canada; Food, Nutrition, and Health Program, University of British Columbia, 2205 East Mall, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada; South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute, Adelaide 5000, South Australia, Australia.
| | - Zhaoming Xu
- Food, Nutrition, and Health Program, University of British Columbia, 2205 East Mall, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada.
| | - Susan I Barr
- Food, Nutrition, and Health Program, University of British Columbia, 2205 East Mall, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada.
| | - Sheila M Innis
- BC Children's Hospital Research Institute, 950 west 28(th) avenue, Vancouver, BC V5Z 4H4, Canada
| | - David D Kitts
- Food, Nutrition, and Health Program, University of British Columbia, 2205 East Mall, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada.
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Huang D, Jiang QS, Yang JQ, Cui T, Wang NR, Du TT, Jiang XH. Simultaneous determination of nine analytes related to the pathogenesis of diabetic encephalopathy in diabetic rat cortex and hippocampus by HPLC-FLD. Biomed Chromatogr 2018; 32:e4338. [PMID: 30003560 DOI: 10.1002/bmc.4338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2018] [Revised: 06/21/2018] [Accepted: 07/04/2018] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
The determination of amino acids and monoamine with actions like neurotransmitters or modulators has become increasingly important for studying the relationship between the dysfunction of neurotransmitters and the pathogenesis of diabetic encephalopathy. Here, a high-performance liquid chromatography with fluorescence detection method was developed to simultaneously determine nine monoamines and amino acids including three excitatory neurotransmitters (aspartate, glutamate, and serotonin), four inhibitory neurotransmitters (glycine, γ-aminobutyric acid, taurine, dopamine), a precursor of 5-HT (tryptophan) and methionine using homoserine as the internal standard. The separation was performed on a BDS column with methanol-buffer solution of 35 mmol/L sodium acetate and 5 mmol/L citric acid (pH 6.0) using a simple gradient elution. Several parameters including specificity, precision, and recovery were validated after optimization of the analytical conditions. The developed method was successfully applied to determine the cortex and the hippocampus samples from Sprague-Dawley rats. Our results showed that various neurotransmitters involved in diabetes mellitus may tend to be differentially modulated and present a different alteration tendency at different time course, which might be associated with the duration of diabetes mellitus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan Huang
- School of Pharmacy, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Qing-Song Jiang
- School of Pharmacy, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Jun-Qing Yang
- School of Pharmacy, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Ting Cui
- Zunyi Medical and Pharmaceutical College, Zunyi, China
| | | | - Ting-Ting Du
- School of Pharmacy, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Xin-Hui Jiang
- School of Pharmacy, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
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Sternak M, Bar A, Adamski MG, Mohaissen T, Marczyk B, Kieronska A, Stojak M, Kus K, Tarjus A, Jaisser F, Chlopicki S. The Deletion of Endothelial Sodium Channel α (αENaC) Impairs Endothelium-Dependent Vasodilation and Endothelial Barrier Integrity in Endotoxemia in Vivo. Front Pharmacol 2018; 9:178. [PMID: 29692722 PMCID: PMC5902527 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2018.00178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2017] [Accepted: 02/16/2018] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
The role of epithelial sodium channel (ENaC) activity in the regulation of endothelial function is not clear. Here, we analyze the role of ENaC in the regulation of endothelium-dependent vasodilation and endothelial permeability in vivo in mice with conditional αENaC subunit gene inactivation in the endothelium (endo-αENaCKO mice) using unique MRI-based analysis of acetylcholine-, flow-mediated dilation and vascular permeability. Mice were challenged or not with lipopolysaccharide (LPS, from Salmonella typhosa, 10 mg/kg, i.p.). In addition, changes in vascular permeability in ex vivo organs were analyzed by Evans Blue assay, while changes in vascular permeability in perfused mesenteric artery were determined by a FITC-dextran-based assay. In basal conditions, Ach-induced response was completely lost, flow-induced vasodilation was inhibited approximately by half but endothelial permeability was not changed in endo-αENaCKO vs. control mice. In LPS-treated mice, both Ach- and flow-induced vasodilation was more severely impaired in endo-αENaCKO vs. control mice. There was also a dramatic increase in permeability in lungs, brain and isolated vessels as evidenced by in vivo and ex vivo analysis in endotoxemic endo-αENaCKO vs. control mice. The impaired endothelial function in endotoxemia in endo-αENaCKO was associated with a decrease of lectin and CD31 endothelial staining in the lung as compared with control mice. In conclusion, the activity of endothelial ENaC in vivo contributes to endothelial-dependent vasodilation in the physiological conditions and the preservation of endothelial barrier integrity in endotoxemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magdalena Sternak
- Jagiellonian Centre for Experimental Therapeutics, Jagiellonian University, Kraków, Poland
| | - Anna Bar
- Jagiellonian Centre for Experimental Therapeutics, Jagiellonian University, Kraków, Poland.,Chair of Pharmacology, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Kraków, Poland
| | - Mateusz G Adamski
- Jagiellonian Centre for Experimental Therapeutics, Jagiellonian University, Kraków, Poland
| | - Tasnim Mohaissen
- Jagiellonian Centre for Experimental Therapeutics, Jagiellonian University, Kraków, Poland.,Chair and Department of Pharmacy, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Kraków, Poland
| | - Brygida Marczyk
- Jagiellonian Centre for Experimental Therapeutics, Jagiellonian University, Kraków, Poland
| | - Anna Kieronska
- Jagiellonian Centre for Experimental Therapeutics, Jagiellonian University, Kraków, Poland.,Chair of Pharmacology, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Kraków, Poland
| | - Marta Stojak
- Jagiellonian Centre for Experimental Therapeutics, Jagiellonian University, Kraków, Poland
| | - Kamil Kus
- Jagiellonian Centre for Experimental Therapeutics, Jagiellonian University, Kraków, Poland
| | - Antoine Tarjus
- INSERM UMRS1138, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Université Pierre et Marie Curie, Paris, France
| | - Frederic Jaisser
- INSERM UMRS1138, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Université Pierre et Marie Curie, Paris, France.,INSERM, Clinical Investigation Centre 1433, Vandœuvre-lès-Nancy, France
| | - Stefan Chlopicki
- Jagiellonian Centre for Experimental Therapeutics, Jagiellonian University, Kraków, Poland.,Chair of Pharmacology, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Kraków, Poland
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Tillmann S, Awwad HM, Eskelund AR, Treccani G, Geisel J, Wegener G, Obeid R. Probiotics Affect One-Carbon Metabolites and Catecholamines in a Genetic Rat Model of Depression. Mol Nutr Food Res 2018; 62:e1701070. [PMID: 29453804 PMCID: PMC5900923 DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.201701070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2017] [Revised: 01/22/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
SCOPE Probiotics may influence one-carbon (C1) metabolism, neurotransmitters, liver function markers, or behavior. METHODS AND RESULTS Male adult Flinders Sensitive Line rats (model of depression, FSL; n = 22) received Lactobacillus helveticus R0052 and Bifidobacterium longum R0175 (109 or 1010 colony-forming units per day) or vehicle for 10 weeks. The controls, Flinders Resistant Line rats (FRL, n = 8), only received vehicle. C1-related metabolites were measured in plasma, urine, and different tissues. Monoamine concentrations were measured in plasma, hippocampus, and prefrontal cortex. Vehicle-treated FSL rats had higher plasma concentrations of betaine, choline, and dimethylglycine, but lower plasma homocysteine and liver S-adenosylmethionine (SAM) than FRLs. FSL rats receiving high-dose probiotics had lower plasma betaine and higher liver SAM compared to vehicle-treated FSL rats. FSLs had higher concentrations of norepinephrine, dopamine, and serotonin than FRLs across various brain regions. Probiotics decreased plasma dopamine in FSLs in a dose-dependent manner. There were no detectable changes in liver function markers or behavior. CONCLUSIONS Probiotics reduced the flow of methyl groups via betaine, increased liver SAM, and decreased plasma dopamine and norepinephrine. Since these changes in methylation and catecholamine pathways are known to be involved in several diseases, future investigation of the effect of probiotics is warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandra Tillmann
- Translational Neuropsychiatry UnitDepartment of Clinical MedicineAarhus UniversityRisskovDenmark
| | - Hussain M. Awwad
- Saarland University HospitalDepartment of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory MedicineHomburg/SaarGermany
| | - Amanda R. Eskelund
- Translational Neuropsychiatry UnitDepartment of Clinical MedicineAarhus UniversityRisskovDenmark
| | - Giulia Treccani
- Translational Neuropsychiatry UnitDepartment of Clinical MedicineAarhus UniversityRisskovDenmark
| | - Juergen Geisel
- Saarland University HospitalDepartment of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory MedicineHomburg/SaarGermany
| | - Gregers Wegener
- Translational Neuropsychiatry UnitDepartment of Clinical MedicineAarhus UniversityRisskovDenmark
| | - Rima Obeid
- Saarland University HospitalDepartment of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory MedicineHomburg/SaarGermany
- Aarhus Institute of Advanced StudiesAarhus UniversityAarhus CDenmark
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Abstract
Sleepiness and cardiovascular disease share common molecular pathways; thus, metabolic risk factors for sleepiness may also predict cardiovascular disease risk. Daytime sleepiness predicts mortality and cardiovascular disease, although the mechanism is unidentified. This study explored the associations between subjective sleepiness and metabolite concentrations in human blood plasma within the oxidative and inflammatory pathways, in order to identify mechanisms that may contribute to sleepiness and cardiovascular disease risk. METHODS An exploratory case-control sample of 36 subjects, categorized based on the Epworth Sleepiness Scale (ESS) questionnaire as sleepy (ESS ≥ 10) or non-sleepy (ESS < 10), was recruited among subjects undergoing an overnight sleep study for suspected sleep apnea at the University of Pennsylvania Sleep Center. The average age was 42.4 ± 10.5 years, the mean body mass index (BMI) was 40.0 ± 9.36 kg/m2, median Apnea Hypopnea Index (AHI) was 8.2 (IQR: 2.5-26.5), and 52% were male. Fasting morning blood plasma samples were collected after an overnight sleep study. Biomarkers were explored in subjects with sleepiness versus those without using the multiple linear regression adjusting for age, BMI, smoking, Apnea Hypopnea Index (sleep apnea severity), study cohort, and hypertension. RESULTS The level of choline is significantly lower (P = 0.003) in sleepy subjects (N = 18; mean plasma choline concentration of 8.19 ± 2.62 μmol/L) compared with non-sleepy subjects (N = 18; mean plasma choline concentration of 9.14 ± 2.25 μmol/L). Other markers with suggestive differences (P < 0.1) include isovalerylcarnitine, Alpha-Amino apidipic acid, Spingosine 1 Phosphate, Aspartic Acid, Propionylcarnitine, and Ceramides (fatty acids; C14-C16 and C-18). CONCLUSION This pilot study is the first to show that lower levels of plasma choline metabolites are associated with sleepiness. Further exploration of choline and other noted metabolites and their associations with sleepiness will guide targeted symptom management.
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van den Brink WJ, Palic S, Köhler I, de Lange ECM. Access to the CNS: Biomarker Strategies for Dopaminergic Treatments. Pharm Res 2018; 35:64. [PMID: 29450650 PMCID: PMC5814527 DOI: 10.1007/s11095-017-2333-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2017] [Accepted: 12/18/2017] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Despite substantial research carried out over the last decades, it remains difficult to understand the wide range of pharmacological effects of dopaminergic agents. The dopaminergic system is involved in several neurological disorders, such as Parkinson's disease and schizophrenia. This complex system features multiple pathways implicated in emotion and cognition, psychomotor functions and endocrine control through activation of G protein-coupled dopamine receptors. This review focuses on the system-wide effects of dopaminergic agents on the multiple biochemical and endocrine pathways, in particular the biomarkers (i.e., indicators of a pharmacological process) that reflect these effects. Dopaminergic treatments developed over the last decades were found to be associated with numerous biochemical pathways in the brain, including the norepinephrine and the kynurenine pathway. Additionally, they have shown to affect peripheral systems, for example the hypothalamus-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis. Dopaminergic agents thus have a complex and broad pharmacological profile, rendering drug development challenging. Considering the complex system-wide pharmacological profile of dopaminergic agents, this review underlines the needs for systems pharmacology studies that include: i) proteomics and metabolomics analysis; ii) longitudinal data evaluation and mathematical modeling; iii) pharmacokinetics-based interpretation of drug effects; iv) simultaneous biomarker evaluation in the brain, the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and plasma; and v) specific attention to condition-dependent (e.g., disease) pharmacology. Such approach is considered essential to increase our understanding of central nervous system (CNS) drug effects and substantially improve CNS drug development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Willem Johan van den Brink
- Division of Systems Biomedicine and Pharmacology, Leiden Academic Centre for Drug Research, Leiden University, Einsteinweg 55, 2333 CC, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Semra Palic
- Division of Systems Biomedicine and Pharmacology, Leiden Academic Centre for Drug Research, Leiden University, Einsteinweg 55, 2333 CC, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Isabelle Köhler
- Division of Systems Biomedicine and Pharmacology, Leiden Academic Centre for Drug Research, Leiden University, Einsteinweg 55, 2333 CC, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Elizabeth Cunera Maria de Lange
- Division of Systems Biomedicine and Pharmacology, Leiden Academic Centre for Drug Research, Leiden University, Einsteinweg 55, 2333 CC, Leiden, The Netherlands.
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Yu W, Xu C, Li G, Hong W, Zhou Z, Xiao C, Zhao Y, Cai Y, Huang M, Jin J. Simultaneous determination of trimethylamine N-oxide, choline, betaine by UPLC-MS/MS in human plasma: An application in acute stroke patients. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2018; 152:179-187. [PMID: 29414011 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2018.01.049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2017] [Revised: 01/09/2018] [Accepted: 01/24/2018] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Trimethylamine-N-oxide (TMAO) is derived from the gut microbiome and tissues metabolism of dietary choline and betaine. These molecules are closely related to the development of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases. A rapid, sensitive and accurate method has been developed and validated for the simultaneous determination of trimethylamine N-oxide (TMAO), choline and betaine in human plasma using d9-trimethylamine N-oxide (TMAO), d9-choline, d9-betaine as the internal standard (IS). After methanol precipitation with 10 μL plasma samples, the analytes were extracted and then separated on Amide column (2.1 × 100 mm, 1.7 μm, waters) with an isocratic elution program consisting of acetonitrile-water (containing 10 mM ammonium formate pH = 3.0) at a flow of 400 μL/min. The detection was achieved under the selected reaction monitoring (SRM) scan using positive electrospray ionization (ESI+) in 3 min. The mass transitions monitored were as follows: m/z 76.3 → 58.4 for TMAO, m/z 104.2 → 60.3 for choline, m/z 118.1 → 58.3 for betaine, m/z 85.1 → 66.3 for d9-TMAO, m/z 113.2 → 69.3 for d9-choline, and m/z 127.1 → 67.2 for d9-betaine, respectively. The method has been fully validated for specificity, lower limit of quantification, linearity, stability, intra- and inter-day accuracy and precision. This assay combines simple sample processing with a short run time and small plasma volumes, making it well suited for high-throughput routine clinical or research purposes. The newly developed method was successfully applied to the patients (n = 220) suffered from acute stroke, and the concentration of choline was firstly found to be closely related with the prognosis of these patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weibang Yu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Chuncao Xu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Guomin Li
- Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Weipeng Hong
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Ziyi Zhou
- Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Canxing Xiao
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Yuanqi Zhao
- Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yefeng Cai
- Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Min Huang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Jing Jin
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China.
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Iannotti LL, Lutter CK, Waters WF, Gallegos Riofrío CA, Malo C, Reinhart G, Palacios A, Karp C, Chapnick M, Cox K, Aguirre S, Narvaez L, López F, Sidhu R, Kell P, Jiang X, Fujiwara H, Ory DS, Young R, Stewart CP. Eggs early in complementary feeding increase choline pathway biomarkers and DHA: a randomized controlled trial in Ecuador. Am J Clin Nutr 2017; 106:1482-1489. [PMID: 29092879 PMCID: PMC5698841 DOI: 10.3945/ajcn.117.160515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2017] [Accepted: 10/03/2017] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Choline status has been associated with stunting among young children. Findings from this study showed that an egg intervention improved linear growth by a length-for-age z score of 0.63.Objective: We aimed to test the efficacy of eggs introduced early in complementary feeding on plasma concentrations of biomarkers in choline pathways, vitamins B-12 and A, and essential fatty acids.Design: A randomized controlled trial, the Lulun ("egg" in Kichwa) Project, was conducted in a rural indigenous population of Ecuador. Infants aged 6-9 mo were randomly assigned to treatment (1 egg/d for 6 mo; n = 80) and control (no intervention; n = 83) groups. Socioeconomic data, anthropometric measures, and blood samples were collected at baseline and endline. Household visits were made weekly for morbidity surveillance. We tested vitamin B-12 plasma concentrations by using chemiluminescent competitive immunoassay and plasma concentrations of choline, betaine, dimethylglycine, retinol, essential fatty acids, methionine, dimethylamine (DMA), trimethylamine, and trimethylamine-N-oxide (TMAO) with the use of liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry.Results: Socioeconomic factors and biomarker concentrations were comparable at baseline. Of infants, 11.4% were vitamin B-12 deficient and 31.7% marginally deficient at baseline. In adjusted generalized linear regression modeling, the egg intervention increased plasma concentrations compared with control by the following effect sizes: choline, 0.35 (95% CI: 0.12, 0.57); betaine, 0.29 (95% CI: 0.01, 0.58); methionine, 0.31 (95% CI: 0.03, 0.60); docosahexaenoic acid, 0.43 (95% CI: 0.13, 0.73); DMA, 0.37 (95% CI: 0.37, 0.69); and TMAO, 0.33 (95% CI: 0.08, 0.58). No significant group differences were found for vitamin B-12, retinol, linoleic acid (LA), α-linolenic acid (ALA), or ratios of betaine to choline and LA to ALA.Conclusion: The findings supported our hypothesis that early introduction of eggs significantly improved choline and other markers in its methyl group metabolism pathway. This trial was registered at clinicaltrials.gov as NCT02446873.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Chessa K Lutter
- School of Public Health, University of Maryland, College Park, MD;,RTI International, Research Triangle Park, NC
| | - William F Waters
- Institute for Research in Health and Nutrition, Universidad San Francisco de Quito, Quito, Ecuador
| | - Carlos Andres Gallegos Riofrío
- Brown School, Institute for Public Health, and,Institute for Research in Health and Nutrition, Universidad San Francisco de Quito, Quito, Ecuador
| | - Carla Malo
- Institute for Research in Health and Nutrition, Universidad San Francisco de Quito, Quito, Ecuador
| | - Gregory Reinhart
- The Mathile Institute for the Advancement of Human Nutrition, Dayton, OH
| | - Ana Palacios
- The Mathile Institute for the Advancement of Human Nutrition, Dayton, OH;,Department of Nutritional Sciences, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX
| | - Celia Karp
- Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD
| | | | | | | | - Luis Narvaez
- NETLAB Laboratorios Especializados, Quito, Ecuador; and
| | | | - Rohini Sidhu
- Diabetic Cardiovascular Disease Center, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO
| | - Pamela Kell
- Diabetic Cardiovascular Disease Center, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO
| | - Xuntian Jiang
- Diabetic Cardiovascular Disease Center, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO
| | - Hideji Fujiwara
- Diabetic Cardiovascular Disease Center, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO
| | - Daniel S Ory
- Diabetic Cardiovascular Disease Center, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO
| | - Rebecca Young
- Department of Nutrition, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA
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Wei D, Zhu Y, Guo M. Simple determination of betaine, l-carnitine and choline in human urine using self-packed column and column-switching ion chromatography with nonsuppressed conductivity detection. Biomed Chromatogr 2017; 32. [PMID: 28921605 DOI: 10.1002/bmc.4098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2017] [Revised: 08/14/2017] [Accepted: 09/12/2017] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
A sequential online extraction, clean-up and separation system for the determination of betaine, l-carnitine and choline in human urine using column-switching ion chromatography with nonsuppressed conductivity detection was developed in this work. A self-packed pretreatment column (50 × 4.6 mm, i.d.) was used for the extraction and clean-up of betaine, l-carnitine and choline. The separation was achieved using self-packed cationic exchange column (150 × 4.6 mm, i.d.), followed by nonsuppressed conductivity detection. Under optimized experimental conditions, the developed method presented good analytical performance, with excellent linearity in the range of 0.60-100 μg mL-1 for betaine, 0.75-100 μg mL-1 for l-carnitine and 0.50-100 μg mL-1 for choline, with all correlation coefficients (R2 ) >0.99 in urine. The limits of detection were 0.15 μg mL-1 for betaine, 0.20 μg mL-1 for l-carnitine and 0.09 μg mL-1 for choline. The intra- and inter-day accuracy and precision for all quality controls were within ±10.32 and ±9.05%, respectively. Satisfactory recovery was observed between 92.8 and 102.0%. The validated method was successfully applied to the detection of urinary samples from 10 healthy people. The values detected in human urine using the proposed method showed good agreement with the measurement reported previously.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan Wei
- Department of Chemistry, Xixi, Campus, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yan Zhu
- Department of Chemistry, Xixi, Campus, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Ming Guo
- Research Center of Analysis and Measurement, Zhejiang Research Institute of Chemical Industry, Hangzhou, China
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Krüger R, Merz B, Rist MJ, Ferrario PG, Bub A, Kulling SE, Watzl B. Associations of current diet with plasma and urine TMAO in the KarMeN study: direct and indirect contributions. Mol Nutr Food Res 2017; 61. [PMID: 28755411 DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.201700363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2017] [Revised: 07/18/2017] [Accepted: 07/19/2017] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
SCOPE Knowledge on the influence of current diet on trimethylamine-N-oxide (TMAO) levels in humans is still inconsistent. Thus, we aimed to investigate associations of current diet with urine and plasma TMAO levels and to determine the effect of different foods on TMAO variation. METHODS AND RESULTS TMAO concentrations of 297 healthy individuals were assessed using 1 H-NMR spectroscopy for 24 h urine collection and spot urine, and LC-MS for plasma. Of 35 assessed food groups, those with a correlation of ρ >|0.15| with plasma or urine TMAO levels were further investigated in multivariate linear regression models showing current fish and (red) meat consumption as plausible dietary sources of TMAO. Overall, explained variance of TMAO levels by current diet and co-variables (age, sex, lean body mass, glomerular filtration rate) was small. Associations with urine and plasma concentrations differed depending on the TMAO source. Fish consumption was associated with urine and plasma TMAO concentrations, whereas meat consumption was only associated with TMAO concentrations in plasma. Furthermore, associations of plasma TMAO concentration with fish consumption were two times stronger than with meat consumption. CONCLUSION Meat and fish consumption differentially affects TMAO concentrations in body fluids. Only a small fraction of variance is explained by current diet.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ralf Krüger
- Department of Physiology and Biochemistry of Nutrition, Max Rubner-Institut, Germany
| | - Benedikt Merz
- Department of Physiology and Biochemistry of Nutrition, Max Rubner-Institut, Germany
| | - Manuela J Rist
- Department of Physiology and Biochemistry of Nutrition, Max Rubner-Institut, Germany
| | - Paola G Ferrario
- Department of Physiology and Biochemistry of Nutrition, Max Rubner-Institut, Germany
| | - Achim Bub
- Department of Physiology and Biochemistry of Nutrition, Max Rubner-Institut, Germany
| | - Sabine E Kulling
- Department of Safety and Quality of Fruit and Vegetables, Max Rubner-Institut, Germany
| | - Bernhard Watzl
- Department of Physiology and Biochemistry of Nutrition, Max Rubner-Institut, Germany
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