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Sharma R, Lee EL, Barnes J. Milk thistle. J Prim Health Care 2024; 16:319-321. [PMID: 39321080 DOI: 10.1071/hc24131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2024] [Accepted: 09/02/2024] [Indexed: 09/27/2024] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Rayna Sharma
- School of Pharmacy, University of Auckland, Auckland, PB 92019, New Zealand
| | | | - Jo Barnes
- School of Pharmacy, University of Auckland, Auckland, PB 92019, New Zealand
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Jin Y, Wang X, Chen K, Chen Y, Zhou L, Zeng Y, Zhou Y, Pan Z, Wang D, Li Z, Liang Y, Ling W, Li D. Silymarin decreases liver stiffness associated with gut microbiota in patients with metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. Lipids Health Dis 2024; 23:239. [PMID: 39097726 PMCID: PMC11297656 DOI: 10.1186/s12944-024-02220-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2024] [Accepted: 07/16/2024] [Indexed: 08/05/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Despite centuries of traditional use of silymarin for hepatoprotection, current randomized controlled trial (RCT) studies on the effectiveness of silymarin in managing metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD) are limited and inconclusive, particularly when it is administered alone. The low bioavailability of silymarin highlights the possible influence of gut microbiota on the effectiveness of silymarin; however, no human studies have investigated this aspect. OBJECTIVE To determine the potential efficacy of silymarin in improving MASLD indicators and to investigate the underlying mechanisms related to gut microbiota. METHOD In this 24-week randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial, 83 patients with MASLD were randomized to either placebo (n = 41) or silymarin (103.2 mg/d, n = 42). At 0, 12, and 24 weeks, liver stiffness and hepatic steatosis were assessed using FibroScan, and blood samples were gathered for biochemical detection, while faecal samples were collected at 0 and 24 weeks for 16S rRNA sequencing. RESULTS Silymarin supplementation significantly reduced liver stiffness (LSM, -0.21 ± 0.17 vs. 0.41 ± 0.17, P = 0.015) and serum levels of γ-glutamyl transpeptidase (GGT, -8.21 ± 3.01 vs. 1.23 ± 3.16, P = 0.042) and ApoB (-0.02 ± 0.03 vs. 0.07 ± 0.03, P = 0.023) but had no significant effect on the controlled attenuation parameter (CAP), other biochemical indicators (aminotransferases, total bilirubin, glucose and lipid parameters, hsCRP, SOD, and UA), physical measurements (DBP, SBP, BMI, WHR, BF%, and BMR), or APRI and FIB-4 indices. Gut microbiota analysis revealed increased species diversity and enrichment of Oscillospiraceae in the silymarin group. CONCLUSION These findings suggest that silymarin supplementation could improve liver stiffness in MASLD patients, possibly by modulating the gut microbiota. TRIAL REGISTRATION The trial was registered at the Chinese Clinical Trial Registry (ChiCTR2200059043).
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Affiliation(s)
- Yufeng Jin
- Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food, Nutrition and Health, Guangzhou, 510080, China
- Guangdong Engineering Technology Center of Nutrition Transformation, Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Xin Wang
- Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food, Nutrition and Health, Guangzhou, 510080, China
- Guangdong Engineering Technology Center of Nutrition Transformation, Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Ke Chen
- Shunde Hospital (The First People's Hospital of Shunde), Southern Medical University, Foshan, China
| | - Yu Chen
- Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food, Nutrition and Health, Guangzhou, 510080, China
- Guangdong Engineering Technology Center of Nutrition Transformation, Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Lixin Zhou
- Shunde Hospital (The First People's Hospital of Shunde), Southern Medical University, Foshan, China
| | - Yupeng Zeng
- Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food, Nutrition and Health, Guangzhou, 510080, China
- Guangdong Engineering Technology Center of Nutrition Transformation, Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Yuqing Zhou
- Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food, Nutrition and Health, Guangzhou, 510080, China
- Guangdong Engineering Technology Center of Nutrition Transformation, Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Zhijun Pan
- Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food, Nutrition and Health, Guangzhou, 510080, China
- Guangdong Engineering Technology Center of Nutrition Transformation, Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Di Wang
- BYHEALTH Institute of Nutrition & Health, Guangzhou, 510663, China
| | - Zhongxia Li
- BYHEALTH Institute of Nutrition & Health, Guangzhou, 510663, China
| | - Yongqian Liang
- Shunde Hospital (The First People's Hospital of Shunde), Southern Medical University, Foshan, China.
| | - Wenhua Ling
- Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, China.
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food, Nutrition and Health, Guangzhou, 510080, China.
- Guangdong Engineering Technology Center of Nutrition Transformation, Guangzhou, 510080, China.
- School of Public Health and Management, Ningxia Medical University, Xingqing District, Yinchuan, China.
| | - Dan Li
- Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, China.
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food, Nutrition and Health, Guangzhou, 510080, China.
- Guangdong Engineering Technology Center of Nutrition Transformation, Guangzhou, 510080, China.
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Masood N, Hameed H, Tariq M, Ahmed R, Khalid M, Latief N, Hasan A. Therapeutic efficacy of Strobilanthes urticifolia-infused pectin/polyacrylic acid hydrogel for targeted hepatorenal fibrosis mitigation: A multifaceted biomaterial approach. Microsc Res Tech 2024. [PMID: 39076150 DOI: 10.1002/jemt.24667] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2024] [Revised: 06/15/2024] [Accepted: 07/21/2024] [Indexed: 07/31/2024]
Abstract
Pectin/polyacrylic acid (PPAA) hydrogel is a unique and versatile biomaterial with applications in drug delivery, wound healing, tissue engineering, and agriculture, owing to its tailored properties and multifunctional attributes. This study aims to harness the therapeutic potential of Strobilanthes urticifolia extract within a PPAA hydrogel matrix to attenuate liver and kidney fibrosis through targeted and sustained delivery of biologically active substances. PPAA hydrogel was prepared by free radical polymerization, followed by its porosity and swelling determination. The results depicted the porous nature of PPAA hydrogel and improved swelling properties at pH 7.4, confirming its drug delivery promise. The polyphenolic-enriched S. urticifolia extracts of leaf and flower were loaded onto PPAA hydrogel, and the loading efficiency was 87% (leaf) and 62.5% (flower). Moreover, slow-release studies showed controlled and prolonged release of polyphenols for 7 days. The polyphenolic-enriched hydrogel's microstructure was characterized using SEM, FTIR, and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). SEM results revealed a highly porous structure of polyphenol enriched PPAA hydrogel, while FTIR analysis confirmed the presence of functional groups such as OH group of carboxylic acid, aliphatic CH2 stretching due to acrylic acid grafting with pectin, CO stretching due to acid linkage with pectin, CH of aromatic ring, and CH of carboxylate salt in PPAA hydrogel. TGA of PPAA hydrogel showed its stability up to 488°C. Additionally, the S. urticifolia extract loaded PPAA hydrogel displayed significant antibacterial properties and minimum inhibitory concentrations against both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria. In vivo studies carried out on rats demonstrated that polyphenolic enriched PPAA hydrogel significantly attenuates liver and kidney fibrosis. Therefore, it is concluded from the present study that loading of polyphenolic enriched extract from leaves and flower of S. urticifolia enhanced the biomedical applications of PPAA hydrogel. RESEARCH HIGHLIGHTS: The PPAA hydrogel developed in this study exhibits a highly porous structure and improved swelling properties at physiological pH (7.4), making it an excellent candidate for drug delivery systems. S. urticifolia extracts, rich in polyphenols, were successfully incorporated into the PPAA hydrogel with high loading efficiencies of 87% for leaf and 62.5% for flower extracts. Loading of polyphenolic enriched extracts of S. urticifolia onto PPAA enhanced its biological activities such as antibacterial, hepatoprotective, and reno-protective activities as depicted by in vitro and in vivo studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nosheen Masood
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Science, Mirpur University of Science and Technology, Mirpur, AJK, Pakistan
| | - Hajra Hameed
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Health Science Centre, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, People's Republic of China
| | - Muhammad Tariq
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Science, Mirpur University of Science and Technology, Mirpur, AJK, Pakistan
| | - Rashid Ahmed
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Science, Mirpur University of Science and Technology, Mirpur, AJK, Pakistan
| | - Mehwish Khalid
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Science, Mirpur University of Science and Technology, Mirpur, AJK, Pakistan
| | - Noreen Latief
- Center of Excellence in Molecular Biology (CEMB), University of the Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Anwarul Hasan
- Department of Chemical Engineering, College of Engineering, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar
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Zhang X, Liu M, Wang Z, Wang P, Kong L, Wu J, Wu W, Ma L, Jiang S, Ren W, Du L, Ma W, Liu X. A review of the botany, phytochemistry, pharmacology, synthetic biology and comprehensive utilization of Silybum marianum. Front Pharmacol 2024; 15:1417655. [PMID: 39055491 PMCID: PMC11269164 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2024.1417655] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2024] [Accepted: 06/20/2024] [Indexed: 07/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Silybum marianum (L.) Gaertn, a herbaceous plant with a long history in traditional medicine for the treatment of hepatobiliary diseases, particularly in Europe, which has attracted attention for its remarkable therapeutic effect. This review systematically summarizes the research progress in the botany, phytochemistry, pharmacology, comprehensive utilization and synthetic biology of S. marianum. Up to now, more than 20 types of flavonolignan components have been isolated from S. marianum. In addition, the rearch on fatty acids and triterpenoids is also constantly improving. Among them, silybin is the most active compound in flavonolignans components. Its pharmacological effects in vivo and in vitro include anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, anti-tumour, hypoglycaemic, neuroprotective and immunoregulatory properties. The use of coniferyl alcohol and taxifolin as substrates to produce silybin and isosilybin under the action of enzyme catalysis is the commonly used biosynthetic pathway of silymarin, which provides support for a comprehensive analysis of the synthetic pathway of silymarin. In addition to medicinal use, the extracts of plants also have broad application prospects in the production of food, healthcare products, cosmetics and other aspects. In addition, the chemical composition, pharmacological mechanism and synthetic biology of S. marianum need to be further studied, which is very important for its clinical efficacy and resource development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaozhuang Zhang
- College of Pharmacy, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, China
| | - Meiqi Liu
- College of Pharmacy, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, China
| | - Zhen Wang
- College of Pharmacy, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, China
| | - Panpan Wang
- College of Pharmacy, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, China
| | - Lingyang Kong
- College of Pharmacy, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, China
| | - Jianhao Wu
- College of Pharmacy, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, China
| | - Wei Wu
- College of Pharmacy, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, China
| | - Lengleng Ma
- College of Pharmacy, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, China
| | - Shan Jiang
- College of Pharmacy, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, China
| | - Weichao Ren
- College of Pharmacy, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, China
| | - Likun Du
- First Affiliated Hospital, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, China
| | - Wei Ma
- College of Pharmacy, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, China
| | - Xiubo Liu
- College of Jiamusi, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Jiamusi, China
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Maaloul S, Ghzaiel I, Mahmoudi M, Mighri H, Pires V, Vejux A, Martine L, de Barros JPP, Prost-Camus E, Boughalleb F, Lizard G, Abdellaoui R. Characterization of Silybum marianum and Silybum eburneum seed oils: Phytochemical profiles and antioxidant properties supporting important nutritional interests. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0304021. [PMID: 38875282 PMCID: PMC11178192 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0304021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2024] [Accepted: 05/03/2024] [Indexed: 06/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Milk thistle seed oil is still not a well-known edible oil. Silybum marianum (milk thistle), is present in several countries and is the only known representative of the genus Silybum. However, Silybum eburneum, which is an endemic plant in Spain, Kenya, Morocco, Algeria, and Tunisia, is considered a marginalized species. The present work is the first report that gives information on the lipid and phenolic profiles of Tunisian S. eburneum seed oil compared to those of Tunisian S. marianum seed oil. In addition, the antioxidant properties of these oils were determined with DPPH, FRAP, and KRL assays, and their ability to prevent oxidative stress was determined on human monocytic THP-1 cells. These oils are characterized by high amounts of unsaturated fatty acids; linoleic acid and oleic acid are the most abundant. Campesterol, sitosterol, stigmasterol, and β-amyrin were the major phytosterols identified. α-tocopherol was the predominant tocopherol found. These oils also contain significant amounts of phenolic compounds. The diversity and richness of Silybum marianum and Silybum eburneum seed oils in unsaturated fatty acids, phenolic compounds, and tocopherols are associated with high antioxidant activities revealed by the DPPH, FRAP, and KRL assays. In addition, on THP-1 cells, these oils powerfully reduced the oxidative stress induced by 7-ketocholesterol and 7β-hydroxycholesterol, two strongly pro-oxidant oxysterols often present at increased levels in patients with age-related diseases. Silybum marianum and Silybum eburneum seed oils are therefore important sources of bioactive molecules with nutritional interest that prevent age-related diseases, the frequency of which is increasing in all countries due to the length of life expectancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samah Maaloul
- Laboratory of Rangeland Ecosystems and Valorisation of Spontaneous Plants and Associated Microorganisms (LR16IRA03), Arid Regions Institute, University of Gabes, Medenine, Tunisia
| | - Imen Ghzaiel
- Team 'Biochemistry of the Peroxisome, Inflammation and Lipid Metabolism' (EA7270) University of Bourgogne/Inserm, Dijon, France
- University Clermont Auvergne, Clermont Auvergne INP, CNRS, Institut Pascal, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Maher Mahmoudi
- Laboratory of Rangeland Ecosystems and Valorisation of Spontaneous Plants and Associated Microorganisms (LR16IRA03), Arid Regions Institute, University of Gabes, Medenine, Tunisia
- Laboratory of Plant, Soil and Environement Interactions (LR21ES01)-University of Tunis El-Manar, Faculty of Sciences of Tunis, El-Manar, Tunis, Tunisia
- Laboratory of Functional Physiology and Valorization of Bio-Ressources, Higher Institute of Biotechnology of Beja (LR23ES08), University of Jendouba, Jendouba, Tunisia
| | - Hédi Mighri
- Laboratory of Rangeland Ecosystems and Valorisation of Spontaneous Plants and Associated Microorganisms (LR16IRA03), Arid Regions Institute, University of Gabes, Medenine, Tunisia
| | - Vivien Pires
- Team 'Biochemistry of the Peroxisome, Inflammation and Lipid Metabolism' (EA7270) University of Bourgogne/Inserm, Dijon, France
- Centre des Sciences du Goût et de l'Alimentation, CNRS, INRAE, Institut Agro, Université de Bourgogne, Dijon, France
| | - Anne Vejux
- Team 'Biochemistry of the Peroxisome, Inflammation and Lipid Metabolism' (EA7270) University of Bourgogne/Inserm, Dijon, France
- Centre des Sciences du Goût et de l'Alimentation, CNRS, INRAE, Institut Agro, Université de Bourgogne, Dijon, France
| | | | | | | | - Fayçal Boughalleb
- Laboratory of Rangeland Ecosystems and Valorisation of Spontaneous Plants and Associated Microorganisms (LR16IRA03), Arid Regions Institute, University of Gabes, Medenine, Tunisia
| | - Gérard Lizard
- Team 'Biochemistry of the Peroxisome, Inflammation and Lipid Metabolism' (EA7270) University of Bourgogne/Inserm, Dijon, France
| | - Raoudha Abdellaoui
- Laboratory of Rangeland Ecosystems and Valorisation of Spontaneous Plants and Associated Microorganisms (LR16IRA03), Arid Regions Institute, University of Gabes, Medenine, Tunisia
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Yavuz A, Küçük A, Ergörün Aİ, Dursun AD, Yiğman Z, Alkan M, Arslan M. Evaluation of the efficacy of silymarin and dexmedetomidine on kidney and lung tissue in the treatment of sepsis in rats with cecal perforation. Exp Ther Med 2024; 27:242. [PMID: 38655036 PMCID: PMC11036365 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2024.12530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2023] [Accepted: 10/27/2023] [Indexed: 04/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Sepsis is a systemic inflammatory response syndrome that develops in the host against microorganisms. This response develops away from the primary infection site and results in end-organ damage. The present study aimed to investigate the protective and therapeutic effects on lung and kidney tissue of silymarin (S) and dexmedetomidine (DEX) applied 1 h before and after sepsis induced by the cecal ligation and puncture (CLP) method in rats. A total of 62 rats was randomly divided into eight groups: i) Control (n=6); ii) cecal perforation (CLP; n=8); iii) S + CLP (n=8; S + CLP; S administered 1 h before CPL); iv) CLP + S (n=8; S administered 1 h after CLP); v) DEX + CLP (n=8; D + CLP; DEX administered 1 h before CLP); vi) CLP + D (n=8; DEX administered 1 h after CLP); vii) SD + CLP (n=8; S and DEX administered 1 h before CLP) and viii) CLP + SD (n=8; S and DEX administered 1 h after CLP). After the cecum filled with stool, it was tied with 3/0 silk under the ileocecal valve and the anterior surface of the cecum was punctured twice with an 18-gauge needle. A total of 100 mg/kg silymarin and 100 µg/kg DEX were administered intraperitoneally to the treatment groups. Lung and kidney tissue samples were collected to evaluate biochemical and histopathological parameters. In the histopathological examination, all parameters indicating kidney injury; interstitial edema, peritubular capillary dilatation, vacuolization, ablation of tubular epithelium from the basement membrane, loss of brush border in the proximal tubule epithelium, cell swelling and nuclear defragmentation; were increased in the CLP compared with the control group. Silymarin administration increased kidney damage, including ablation of tubular epithelium from the basement membrane, compared with that in the CLP group. DEX significantly reduced kidney damage compared with the CLP and silymarin groups. The co-administration of DEX + silymarin decreased kidney damage, although it was not as effective as DEX-alone. To conclude, intraperitoneal DEX ameliorated injury in CLP rats. DEX + silymarin partially ameliorated injury but silymarin administration increased damage. As a result, silymarin has a negative effects with this dosage and DEX has a protective effect. In the present study, it was determined that using the two drugs together had a greater therapeutic effect than silymarin and no differences in the effects were not observed any when the application times of the agents were changed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aydin Yavuz
- Department of General Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Gazi University, Ankara 06510, Turkey
| | - Ayşegül Küçük
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Kutahya Health Science University, Kutahya 43020, Turkey
| | - Aydan İremnur Ergörün
- Department of Anesthesiology and Reanimation, Faculty of Medicine, Gazi University, Ankara 06510, Turkey
| | - Ali Doğan Dursun
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Atılım University, Ankara 06830, Turkey
| | - Zeynep Yiğman
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Gazi University, Ankara 06510, Turkey
- Neuroscience and Neurotechnology Center of Excellence, Gazi University, Ankara 06510, Turkey
| | - Metin Alkan
- Department of Anesthesiology and Reanimation, Faculty of Medicine, Gazi University, Ankara 06510, Turkey
| | - Mustafa Arslan
- Department of Anesthesiology and Reanimation, Faculty of Medicine, Gazi University, Ankara 06510, Turkey
- Life Sciences Application and Research Center, Gazi University, Ankara 06830, Turkey
- Laboratory Animal Breeding and Experimental Research Center, Gazi University, Ankara 06510, Turkey
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Neelab, Zeb A, Jamil M. Milk thistle protects against non-alcoholic fatty liver disease induced by dietary thermally oxidized tallow. Heliyon 2024; 10:e31445. [PMID: 38818175 PMCID: PMC11137523 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e31445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2024] [Revised: 05/10/2024] [Accepted: 05/15/2024] [Indexed: 06/01/2024] Open
Abstract
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a chronic condition caused by several factors including thermally oxidized tallow. Various strategies have been considered to ameliorate NAFLD. However, the role of milk thistle (MT) in ameliorating NAFLD caused by thermally oxidized tallow has not been reported. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the ability of milk thistle to protect rabbits from the toxicity of oxidized tallow (OT). The rabbits were given OT and an extract of MT. The composition of MT was analyzed using HPLC-DAD, and tallow samples were studied using GC-MS. The study also examined liver histology, antioxidant levels, liver-related inflammatory markers, and serum lipid profile. The results showed that the major components of the MT extract were silybin B, formononetin-glucuronic acid, proanthocyanidin B1, silychristin B, silydianin, and isosilybin A. The group given OT showed elevated lipid profiles, lower antioxidant status, higher levels of hepatic inflammatory markers, and lower levels of anti-inflammatory markers. This group also had higher fat storage in the liver compared to the control or treatment groups. However, when MT was supplemented, the pro-inflammatory cytokines (IL-1, IL-4, IL-6, and TNF-α) and antioxidant status (CAT, SOD, GSH-Px, GSH, and TBARS) of the liver returned to normal. This suggests that MT extract is an excellent source of hepatoprotective compounds. It protects the liver by increasing antioxidant enzymes, decreasing pro-inflammatory cytokines, and increasing anti-inflammatory markers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neelab
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Malakand, Chakdara, Pakistan
| | - Alam Zeb
- The Bioactive Lab, Center for Desert Agriculture, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Malakand, Chakdara, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Jamil
- Department of Surgery, Timergara Teaching Hospital, Timergara, Pakistan
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Hassan MAE, Ragab MA, Shazly SA, Ahmed ME, El-Kholany ME, El-Raghi AA. Feasible feeding strategies for sustainable management of serve heat stress conditions: Effect of Milk Thistle extract on growth performance and health status of newly weaned rabbits. J Anim Physiol Anim Nutr (Berl) 2024; 108:778-791. [PMID: 38311824 DOI: 10.1111/jpn.13930] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2023] [Revised: 10/29/2023] [Accepted: 01/18/2024] [Indexed: 02/06/2024]
Abstract
The trail aimed to explore the effect of dietary supplementation of Milk Thistle (MT) extract on growth performance and health status of growing rabbits exposed to serve heat stress condition, considering the economic efficiency of supplementation. A total of 96 weaned male rabbits were divided into 4 groups (24 rabbits/group). The first group received the basal diet without any supplementation and served as a control (MT0), while 2nd, 3rd and 4th groups supplemented with MT at levels of 5 (MT5), 10 (MT10) and 15 (MT15) g/kg diet, respectively, for 10 consecutive weeks. Both of growth performance and feed utilisation were significantly enhanced by the dietary treatment, the optimum dose of MT was 12 g/kg diet for average daily gain, specific growth rate and performance index. However, it was 13 g/kg diet for feed conversation ratio. The polynomial regression analysis showed that the lowest values of rectal temperature and respiration rate were observed at doses of 11 and 13 g/kg diet respectively. The dressing percentage and the relative weights of liver and total edible giblets were significantly improved by the treatment (p = 0.0416, 0.0112 and 0.0032, respectively), maximising in the MT10 group. The MT10 and MT15 groups showed higher erythrocytes and leucocytes counts and lower levels of urea, creatinine and total cholesterol compared to the control (p < 0.05). Liver functions significantly enhanced in aforementioned two treated groups, the liver ultrastructure represented normal cytoplasmic organelles, and nucleus and mitochondria in MT10 group, while the MT15 group showed hepatocytes with dilated nucleus with most cytoplasmic organelles appeared well organised and normal except few small cytoplasms vacuolated. The levels glutathione, superoxide dismutase, catalase and total antioxidant capacity as well as immunoglobulin M, and immunoglobulin G significant improved in the MT-Treated groups compared to the control (p < 0.05). Economically, MT supplemented diets improved the net revenue of fattened rabbits during the summer season. In conclusion, the supplementation of MT extract at levels of 10 or 15 g/kg diet enhanced growth performance, feed utilisation, dressing percentage, hemato-biochemical attributes, immunity and redox balance of heat stressed growing rabbits during the hot season.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahmoud A E Hassan
- Agriculture Research Center, Animal Production Research Institute (APRI), Ministry of Agriculture, Dokki, Giza, Egypt
| | - Mona A Ragab
- Agriculture Research Center, Animal Production Research Institute (APRI), Ministry of Agriculture, Dokki, Giza, Egypt
| | - Soheir A Shazly
- Agriculture Research Center, Animal Production Research Institute (APRI), Ministry of Agriculture, Dokki, Giza, Egypt
| | - Mohamed E Ahmed
- Agriculture Research Center, Animal Production Research Institute (APRI), Ministry of Agriculture, Dokki, Giza, Egypt
| | - Mohamed E El-Kholany
- Agriculture Research Center, Animal Production Research Institute (APRI), Ministry of Agriculture, Dokki, Giza, Egypt
| | - Ali Ali El-Raghi
- Department of Animal, Poultry, and Fish Production, Faculty of Agriculture, Damietta University, Damietta, Egypt
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Fathi A, Gholami M, Motasadizadeh H, Malek-Khatabi A, Sedghi R, Dinarvand R. Thermoresponsive in situ forming and self-healing double-network hydrogels as injectable dressings for silymarin/levofloxacin delivery for treatment of third-degree burn wounds. Carbohydr Polym 2024; 331:121856. [PMID: 38388054 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2024.121856] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2023] [Revised: 01/16/2024] [Accepted: 01/20/2024] [Indexed: 02/24/2024]
Abstract
Our study aimed to introduce a novel double-cross-linked and thermoresponsive hydrogel with remarkable potential for accelerating third-degree burn wound healing. Burn injuries are recognized as challenging, critical wounds. Especially in third-degree burns, treatment is demanding due to extended wounds, irregular shapes, significant exudation, and intense pain during dressing changes. In this work, hydrogels made of zwitterionic chitosan and dialdehyde starch (ZCS and ZDAS) were created to deliver silymarine (SM) and levofloxacin (LEV). The hydrogels were effortlessly produced using dynamic Schiff base linkages and ionic interactions between ZCS and ZDAS at appropriate times. The pore uniformity, gel fraction, and commendable swelling properties can imply a suitable degree of Schiff base cross-link. The hydrogel demonstrated outstanding shape retention, and significant self-healing and flexibility abilities, enabling it to uphold its form even during bodily movements. After injecting biocompatible hydrogel on the wound, a notable acceleration in wound closure was observed on day 21 (98.1 ± 1.10 %) compared to the control group (75.1 ± 6.13 %), and histopathological analysis revealed a reduction of inflammation that can be linked to remarkable antioxidant and antibiotic properties. The results demonstrate the hydrogel's efficacy in promoting burn wound healing, making it a promising candidate for medical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Fathi
- Department of Polymer & Materials Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry & Petroleum Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University, G.C, 1983969411 Tehran, Iran
| | - Marziye Gholami
- Department of Polymer & Materials Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry & Petroleum Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University, G.C, 1983969411 Tehran, Iran
| | - Hamidreza Motasadizadeh
- Dental Research Center, Dentistry Research Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Iran; Nanotechnology Research Centre, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 1417614315, Iran
| | - Atefeh Malek-Khatabi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biomaterials, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Roya Sedghi
- Department of Polymer & Materials Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry & Petroleum Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University, G.C, 1983969411 Tehran, Iran.
| | - Rassoul Dinarvand
- Nanotechnology Research Centre, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 1417614315, Iran; Department of Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 1417614315, Iran; Leicester School of Pharmacy, De Montfort University, Leicester, UK.
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10
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Jaffar HM, Al‐Asmari F, Khan FA, Rahim MA, Zongo E. Silymarin: Unveiling its pharmacological spectrum and therapeutic potential in liver diseases-A comprehensive narrative review. Food Sci Nutr 2024; 12:3097-3111. [PMID: 38726410 PMCID: PMC11077231 DOI: 10.1002/fsn3.4010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2023] [Revised: 01/18/2024] [Accepted: 01/24/2024] [Indexed: 05/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Liver diseases, encompassing conditions such as cirrhosis, present a substantial global health challenge with diverse etiologies, including viral infections, alcohol consumption, and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). The exploration of natural compounds as therapeutic agents has gained traction, notably the herbal remedy milk thistle (Silybum marianum), with its active extract, silymarin, demonstrating remarkable antioxidant and hepatoprotective properties in extensive preclinical investigations. It can protect healthy liver cells or those that have not yet sustained permanent damage by reducing oxidative stress and mitigating cytotoxicity. Silymarin, a natural compound with antioxidant properties, anti-inflammatory effects, and antifibrotic activity, has shown potential in treating liver damage caused by alcohol, NAFLD, drug-induced toxicity, and viral hepatitis. Legalon® is a top-rated medication with excellent oral bioavailability, effective absorption, and therapeutic effectiveness. Its active component, silymarin, has antioxidant and hepatoprotective properties, Eurosil 85® also, a commercial product, has lipophilic properties enhanced by special formulation processes. Silymarin, during clinical trials, shows potential improvements in liver function, reduced mortality rates, and alleviation of symptoms across various liver disorders, with safety assessments showing low adverse effects. Overall, silymarin emerges as a promising natural compound with multifaceted hepatoprotective properties and therapeutic potential in liver diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hafiza Madiha Jaffar
- University Institute of Diet & Nutritional Sciences, Faculty of Allied Health SciencesThe University of LahoreLahorePakistan
| | - Fahad Al‐Asmari
- Department of Food and Nutrition Sciences, College of Agricultural and Food SciencesKing Faisal UniversityAl‐AhsaSaudi Arabia
| | - Faima Atta Khan
- University Institute of Diet & Nutritional Sciences, Faculty of Allied Health SciencesThe University of LahoreLahorePakistan
- Department of Food Science, Faculty of Life SciencesGovernment College UniversityFaisalabadPakistan
| | - Muhammad Abdul Rahim
- Department of Food Science, Faculty of Life SciencesGovernment College UniversityFaisalabadPakistan
- Department of Food Science & Nutrition, Faculty of Medicine and Allied Health SciencesTimes InstituteMultanPakistan
| | - Eliasse Zongo
- Laboratoire de Recherche et d'Enseignement en Santé et Biotechnologies AnimalesUniversité Nazi BONIBobo DioulassoBurkina Faso
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11
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Chen H, Hoi MPM, Lee SMY. Medicinal plants and natural products for treating overactive bladder. Chin Med 2024; 19:56. [PMID: 38532487 DOI: 10.1186/s13020-024-00884-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2023] [Accepted: 01/02/2024] [Indexed: 03/28/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Overactive bladder (OAB) presents a high prevalence of 16-18% worldwide. The pathophysiology of OAB is still poorly understood while effective therapy or countermeasure are very limited. On the other hand, medicinal plants and herbal remedies have been utilized for treating lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS) in both Eastern and Western cultures since ancient times. In recent years, accumulating progress has also been made in OAB treatment research by using medicinal plants. METHODS Relevant literature on the studies of medicinal plants and herbs used to treat OAB was reviewed. The medicinal plants were summarized and categorized into two groups, single-herb medications and herbal formulations. RESULTS The present review has summarized current understanding of OAB's pathophysiology, its available treatments and new drug targets. Medicinal plants and natural products which have been used or have shown potential for OAB treatment were updated and comprehensively categorized. Studies on a wide variety of medicinal plants showed promising results, although only a few phytochemicals have been isolated and identified. Until now, none of these herbal compounds have been further developed into clinical therapeutics for OAB. CONCLUSIONS This review provides the basis for discovering and designing new phytopharmaceutical candidates with effective and well-tolerated properties to treat OAB. Increasing evidences indicate new strategies with alternative herbal treatment for OAB have high efficacy and safety, showing great promise for their clinical use. Future studies in a rigorously designed controlled manner will be beneficial to further support the eligibility of herbal treatment as OAB therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huanxian Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Science, University of Macau, Macao, China
| | - Maggie Pui Man Hoi
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Science, University of Macau, Macao, China
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Macao, China
| | - Simon Ming Yuen Lee
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Science, University of Macau, Macao, China.
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Macao, China.
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, China.
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12
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Singla RK, Singh D, Verma R, Kaushik D, Echeverría J, Garg V, Gupta P, Rahman MA, Sharma A, Mittal V, Shen B. Fermented formulation of Silybum marianum seeds: Optimization, heavy metal analysis, and hepatoprotective assessment. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2024; 124:155286. [PMID: 38241906 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2023.155286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2023] [Revised: 12/13/2023] [Accepted: 12/15/2023] [Indexed: 01/21/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Fermented formulations are extensively used in Ayurveda due to several benefits like improved palatability, bioavailability, pharmacological potential, and shelf life. These formulations can also quench the heavy metals from the plant material and thus reduce the toxicity. Seeds of Silybum marianum (L.) Gaertn. are widely used for the management of many liver diseases. STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS In the present study, we developed a novel fermented formulation of S. marianum seeds and evaluated parameters like safety (heavy metal analysis) and effectiveness (hepatoprotective). As the developed formulation's validation is crucial, the critical process variables (time, pH, and sugar concentration) are optimized for alcohol and silybin content using the Box-Behnken design (BBD). RESULTS The response surface methodology coupled with BBD predicted the optimized conditions (fermentation time (28 days), pH 5.6, and sugar concentration (22.04%)) for the development of a fermented formulation of the selected herb. Moreover, the alcohol content (6.5 ± 0.9%) and silybin concentration (26.1 ± 2.1%) were confirmed in optimized formulation by GC-MS and HPTLC analysis. The optimized formulation was also analyzed for heavy metals (Pb, As, Hg, and Cd); their concentration is significantly less than the decoction of herbs. Further, the comparative evaluation of the developed formulation with the marketed formulation also confirmed that the fermented formulation's silybin concentration and percentage release were significantly enhanced. In addition, the developed fermented formulation's percentage recovery of HepG2 cell lines after treatment with CCl4 was significantly improved compared with the marketed formulation. CONCLUSION It can be summarized that the developed fermented formulation improves safety and effectiveness compared to other market formulations. Finally, it can be concluded that the developed fermented formulation could be further explored as a better alternative for developing Silybum marianum preparation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajeev K Singla
- Joint Laboratory of Artificial Intelligence for Critical Care Medicine, Department of Critical Care Medicine and Institutes for Systems Genetics, Frontiers Science Center for Disease-related Molecular Network, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610212, China; School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara, Punjab 144411, India.
| | - Digvijay Singh
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Maharshi Dayanand University, Rohtak 124001, India
| | - Ravinder Verma
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chaudhary Bansi Lal University, Bhiwani 127021, India
| | - Deepak Kaushik
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Maharshi Dayanand University, Rohtak 124001, India
| | - Javier Echeverría
- Departamento de Ciencias Del Ambiente, Facultad de Química y Biología, Universidad de Santiago de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Vandana Garg
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Maharshi Dayanand University, Rohtak 124001, India
| | - Pankaj Gupta
- School of Medical and Allied Sciences, K.R. Manglam University, Gurugram
| | | | - Ajay Sharma
- Department of Pharmacognosy and Phytochemistry, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Delhi Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research University, Pushp Vihar, New Delhi 110017, India
| | - Vineet Mittal
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Maharshi Dayanand University, Rohtak 124001, India.
| | - Bairong Shen
- Joint Laboratory of Artificial Intelligence for Critical Care Medicine, Department of Critical Care Medicine and Institutes for Systems Genetics, Frontiers Science Center for Disease-related Molecular Network, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610212, China.
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13
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Zhang X, Jiang Y, Guo N, Ding Y, Feng J, Miao C, Lv Y. Application of SNAP-tag-EGFR cell membrane chromatography model in screening antitumor active components of Silybum marianum (L.) Gaertn. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2024; 238:115816. [PMID: 37976988 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2023.115816] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2023] [Revised: 10/22/2023] [Accepted: 10/25/2023] [Indexed: 11/19/2023]
Abstract
The SNAP-tag-epidermal growth factor receptor (SNAP-tag-EGFR) cell membrane chromatography (CMC) model is a powerful tool for investigating ligand-receptor interactions and screening active ingredients in traditional Chinese medicine. Most tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) target epidermal growth factor receptors. However, TKIs associated with significant side effects and drug resistance must be addressed immediately. Therefore, there is an urgent need to develop new TKIs with high efficiency and low toxicity. Because of its low toxicity and side effects, traditional Chinese medicine has been widely employed to treat various diseases, including cancer. Hence, this study aimed to use the SNAP-tag-EGFR/CMC-high-performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (HPLC-MS) two-dimensional system model as the research tool to screen and identify potential EGFR antagonists from the Chinese medicine Silybum marianum (L.) Gaertn. The applicability of the system was verified using the positive control drug osimertinib. Four potential EGFR antagonists were screened from the Chinese medicine Silybum marianum (L.) Gaertn.. They were identified as silydianin, silychristin, silybin, and isosilybin. Additionally, their pharmacological activity was preliminarily verified using a CCK-8 assay. The kinetic parameters of the four active ingredients interacting with EGFR and their binding modes with EGFR were analyzed using nonlinear chromatography (NLC) and molecular docking. This study identified silydianin, silychristin, silybin, and isosilybin from Silybum marianum (L.) Gaertn. and verified their potential antitumor effects on EGFR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Xi'an Jiaotong University, 76# Yanta West Road, Xi'an 710061, China; Institute of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Western China Science & Technology Innovation Harbour, Xi'an 710115, China
| | - Yuhan Jiang
- School of Pharmacy, Xi'an Jiaotong University, 76# Yanta West Road, Xi'an 710061, China; Institute of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Western China Science & Technology Innovation Harbour, Xi'an 710115, China
| | - Na Guo
- School of Pharmacy, Xi'an Jiaotong University, 76# Yanta West Road, Xi'an 710061, China; Institute of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Western China Science & Technology Innovation Harbour, Xi'an 710115, China
| | - Yifan Ding
- School of Pharmacy, Xi'an Jiaotong University, 76# Yanta West Road, Xi'an 710061, China; Institute of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Western China Science & Technology Innovation Harbour, Xi'an 710115, China
| | - Jingting Feng
- School of Pharmacy, Xi'an Jiaotong University, 76# Yanta West Road, Xi'an 710061, China; Institute of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Western China Science & Technology Innovation Harbour, Xi'an 710115, China
| | - Chenyang Miao
- School of Pharmacy, Xi'an Jiaotong University, 76# Yanta West Road, Xi'an 710061, China; Institute of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Western China Science & Technology Innovation Harbour, Xi'an 710115, China
| | - Yanni Lv
- School of Pharmacy, Xi'an Jiaotong University, 76# Yanta West Road, Xi'an 710061, China; Institute of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Western China Science & Technology Innovation Harbour, Xi'an 710115, China.
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14
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Wal P. Phytochemicals and their Potential Mechanisms against Insulin Resistance. Curr Diabetes Rev 2024; 20:e081123223322. [PMID: 37946350 DOI: 10.2174/0115733998262924231020083353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2023] [Revised: 08/04/2023] [Accepted: 09/28/2023] [Indexed: 11/12/2023]
Abstract
Insulin's inception dates back to 1921 and was unveiled through a momentous revelation. Diabetes is a dangerous, long-term disease in which the body fails to generate enough insulin or utilize the insulin it creates adequately. This causes hyperglycemia, a state of high blood sugar levels, which can even put a person into a coma if not managed. Activation of the insulin receptor corresponds to two crucial metabolic functions, i.e., uptake of glucose and storage of glycogen. Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) exists as one of the most challenging medical conditions in the 21st century. The sedentary lifestyle and declining quality of food products have contributed to the rapid development of metabolic disorders. Hence, there is an urgent need to lay some reliable, significant molecules and modalities of treatment to combat and manage this epidemic. In this review, we have made an attempt to identify and enlist the major phytoconstituents along with the associated sources and existing mechanisms against insulin resistance. The conducted study may offer potential sustainable solutions for developing and formulating scientifically validated molecules and phytoconstituents as formulations for the management of this metabolic disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pranay Wal
- PSIT-Pranveer Singh Institute of Technology (PHARMACY), NH19 Kanpur, Agra Highway, Bhauti Kanpur, Uttar Pradesh 209305, India
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15
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Yang Y, Liu S, Li H, Liu Y, Ren P, Liu Y, Liu S, Guan L. The protective effect of Nostoc commune Vauch. polysaccharide on alcohol-induced acute alcoholic liver disease and gut microbiota disturbance in mice. J Gastroenterol Hepatol 2023; 38:2185-2194. [PMID: 37731216 DOI: 10.1111/jgh.16335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2022] [Revised: 06/12/2023] [Accepted: 08/07/2023] [Indexed: 09/22/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In recent years, the incidence of alcoholic liver disease (ALD) has gradually increased, the development of ALD is attached great attentions. Nostoc commune Vauch. polysaccharide (NCVP) is beneficial to maintain the gut health, but the protective effect of NCVP on the liver has not been reported yet. PURPOSE To study the protective effect and the underlying mechanisms of NCVP on ALD, a mouse model of acute ALD was established. STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS We built an acute ALD mouse model and explored the protective effect of NCVP through the detection of cytokines, histological examination, determination of short chain fatty acids, and 16S rRNA analysis of gut microbiota. RESULTS NCVP had hepatoprotective effects on acute alcohol-induced mice by improving antioxidant capacity, reducing oxidative stress and the serum cytokine levels (IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF-α). Simultaneously, histopathological changes in liver indicated that NCVP could inhibit local hepatocyte necrosis, cytoplasmic vacuolation and inflammatory cell infiltration induced by alcohol. NCVP also increased the level of total short-chain fatty acids of acute ALD mice. In addition, NCVP could significantly decrease the Firmicutes/Bacteroidetes ratio and the abundance of Patescibacteria, Helicobacter, and Actinomycetes and increase the abundance of Lachospiraceae, Prevotellaceae-UCG-003, Lactobacillaceae, and Desulfovibrio. CONCLUSION Our study proved that NCVP had in vivo hepatoprotective effect on acute ALD mice and provided scientific evidences that NCVP might be a promising drug candidate for the prevention and treatment of ALD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiting Yang
- College of Life Sciences, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, 130118, Jilin, China
| | - Su Liu
- College of Life Sciences, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, 130118, Jilin, China
| | - Hailong Li
- College of Life Sciences, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, 130118, Jilin, China
| | - Yue Liu
- College of Life Sciences, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, 130118, Jilin, China
| | - Ping Ren
- College of Life Sciences, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, 130118, Jilin, China
| | - Yingying Liu
- College of Life Sciences, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, 130118, Jilin, China
| | - Shuming Liu
- Key Laboratory for Research and Development of New Veterinary Drugs, Changchun, 130118, Jilin, China
| | - Lili Guan
- College of Life Sciences, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, 130118, Jilin, China
- Engineering Research Center of Bioreactor and Pharmaceutical Development, Ministry of Education, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, 130118, Jilin, China
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16
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Pluháčková H, Kudláčková B, Svojanovská L, Roth M, Bradáčová M, Bjelková M. Effect of Field Trial on Silymarin Complex Composition and Antioxidant Assessment of Milk Thistle (Silybum marianum L. Gaertner). PLANT FOODS FOR HUMAN NUTRITION (DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS) 2023; 78:691-697. [PMID: 37668769 DOI: 10.1007/s11130-023-01101-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/21/2023] [Indexed: 09/06/2023]
Abstract
Plant foods are receiving increasing attention as a valuable source of health beneficial compounds. Understanding the impact of growing conditions on the quality of milk thistle is critical for determining appropriate agro-ecological and agro-economic parameters for its production and, subsequently, food products rich in health-beneficial compounds. For this purpose, a randomized milk thistle cultivation trial was established in the experimental field of Agritec Plant Research Plc. in Šumperk, Czech Republic, and carried out for two subsequent growing seasons in 2020 and 2021. The milk thistle achenes, variety Mirel, were sown in the row width of 12.5, 25 and 37 cm; and the qualitative parameters of each field trial such as achenes yields, silymarin complex determination and also antioxidant assessment (total phenolic content, total flavonoids content, DPPH and ABTS radical scavenging activity) were evaluated. The environmental impact of the extraction process was reduced by using pressurized liquid extraction with 60% EtOH (v/v). The weather conditions during the trial as well as the row spacing of milk thistle sowing were revealed to have a significant influence on the evaluated parameters (p ≤ 0.05). The highest yields of evaluated parameters were obtained for the growing season 2021 and the row spacing of 37 cm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helena Pluháčková
- Department of Crop Science, Breeding and Plant Medicine, Mendel University in Brno, Zemědělská 1, Brno, 613 00, Czech Republic
| | - Barbora Kudláčková
- Institute of Analytical Chemistry of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Veveří 967/97, Brno, 602 00, Czech Republic.
| | - Lenka Svojanovská
- Institute of Analytical Chemistry of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Veveří 967/97, Brno, 602 00, Czech Republic
| | - Michal Roth
- Institute of Analytical Chemistry of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Veveří 967/97, Brno, 602 00, Czech Republic
| | - Marta Bradáčová
- Department of Crop Science, Breeding and Plant Medicine, Mendel University in Brno, Zemědělská 1, Brno, 613 00, Czech Republic
| | - Marie Bjelková
- Agritec Plant Research, Ltd., Zemědělská 2520/16, Šumperk, 787 01, Czech Republic
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Pferschy-Wenzig EM, Kunert O, Thumann T, Moissl-Eichinger C, Bauer R. Characterization of metabolites from milk thistle flavonolignans generated by human fecal microbiota. PHYTOCHEMISTRY 2023; 215:113834. [PMID: 37648045 DOI: 10.1016/j.phytochem.2023.113834] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2023] [Revised: 08/18/2023] [Accepted: 08/20/2023] [Indexed: 09/01/2023]
Abstract
Silymarin, a mixture of diastereomeric and regioisomeric flavonolignans from milk thistle (Silybum marianum (L.) Gaertn.) fruits, is known to possess a panel of pharmacological activities. However, due to low water solubility and extensive phase II metabolism, the oral bioavailability of the flavonolignans is limited. Since their interaction with gut microbiome is likely due to their predominantly fecal excretion route, the biotransformation of milk thistle flavonolignans by gut microorganisms was studied. A 1:1 mixture of the two main silymarin flavonolignans silybins A and B was incubated in human fecal suspension from one donor for 24 h under anoxic conditions. Purification of the incubate allowed to isolate and structurally elucidate the two main metabolites as (2R, 3R)-2-{4-[2-(3,4-dihydroxy-phenyl)-(1R)-1-hydroxymethyl-ethoxy]-3-hydroxy-phenyl}-3,5,7-trihydroxy-chroman-4-one (a product of demethylation and dioxane ring cleavage) and demethylsilybin B. Furthermore, silymarin was incubated with human fecal suspension, and its biotransformation was monitored by means of LC-HRMS metabolite profiling. Apart from the two isolated and structurally elucidated metabolites, several types of biotransformation products could be annotated, including demethylation products, reduction/ring cleavage products, products of demethylation plus reduction/ring cleavage, as well as several low molecular weight aromatic metabolites. The potential pharmacological activities of these gut microbial metabolites deserve closer examination in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eva-Maria Pferschy-Wenzig
- University of Graz, Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Beethovenstraße 8, 8010, Graz, Austria; BioTechMed- Graz, Mozartgasse 12/II, 8010, Graz, Austria.
| | - Olaf Kunert
- University of Graz, Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Beethovenstraße 8, 8010, Graz, Austria.
| | - Timo Thumann
- University of Graz, Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Beethovenstraße 8, 8010, Graz, Austria.
| | - Christine Moissl-Eichinger
- Medical University Graz, Diagnostic & Research Institute of Hygiene, Microbiology and Environmental Medicine, Neue Stiftingtalstraße 6 (MC1.B.)/III, 8010, Graz, Austria; BioTechMed- Graz, Mozartgasse 12/II, 8010, Graz, Austria.
| | - Rudolf Bauer
- University of Graz, Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Beethovenstraße 8, 8010, Graz, Austria; BioTechMed- Graz, Mozartgasse 12/II, 8010, Graz, Austria.
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18
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Belmehdi O, Taha D, Abrini J, Ming LC, Khalid A, Abdalla AN, Algarni AS, Hermansyah A, Bouyahya A. Anticancer properties and mechanism insights of α-hederin. Biomed Pharmacother 2023; 165:115205. [PMID: 37499451 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2023.115205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2023] [Revised: 07/15/2023] [Accepted: 07/18/2023] [Indexed: 07/29/2023] Open
Abstract
α-Hederin is a natural bioactive molecule very abundant in aromatic and medicinal plants (AMP). It was identified, characterized, and isolated using different extraction and characterization technologies, such as HPLC, LC-MS and NMR. Biological tests have revealed that this natural molecule possesses different biological properties, particularly anticancer activity. Indeed, this activity has been investigated against several cancers (e.g., esophageal, hepatic, breast, colon, colorectal, lung, ovarian, and gastric). The underlying mechanisms are varied and include induction of apoptosis and cell cycle arrest, reduction of ATP generation, as well as inhibition of autophagy, cell proliferation, invasion, and metastasis. In fact, these anticancer mechanisms are considered the most targeted for new chemotherapeutic agents' development. In the light of all these data, α-hederin could be a very interesting candidate as an anticancer drug for chemotherapy, as well as it could be used in combination with other molecules already validated or possibly investigated as an agent sensitizing tumor cells to chemotherapeutic treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Omar Belmehdi
- Biotechnology and Applied Microbiology Team, Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Abdelmalek Essaadi University, Tetouan, Morocco.
| | - Douae Taha
- Laboratory of Spectroscopy, Molecular Modelling Materials, Nanomaterials Water and Environment-CERNE2D, Faculty of Sciences, Mohammed V University in Rabat, Morocco.
| | - Jamal Abrini
- Biotechnology and Applied Microbiology Team, Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Abdelmalek Essaadi University, Tetouan, Morocco.
| | - Long Chiau Ming
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya 60115, Indonesia; PAPRSB Institute of Health Sciences, Universiti Brunei Darussalam, BE1410 Gadong, Brunei Darussalam; School of Medical and Life Sciences, Sunway University, Sunway City 47500, Malaysia.
| | - Asaad Khalid
- Substance Abuse and Toxicology Research Center, Jazan University, P.O. Box: 114, Jazan 45142, Saudi Arabia; Medicinal and Aromatic Plants and Traditional Medicine Research Institute, National Center for Research, P. O. Box 2404, Khartoum, the Sudan.
| | - Ashraf N Abdalla
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah , Saudi Arabia.
| | - Alanood S Algarni
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah , Saudi Arabia.
| | - Andi Hermansyah
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya 60115, Indonesia.
| | - Abdelhakim Bouyahya
- Laboratory of Human Pathologies Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Mohammed V University in Rabat, Morocco.
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Milani F, Bottoni M, Bardelli L, Colombo L, Colombo PS, Bruschi P, Giuliani C, Fico G. Remnants from the Past: From an 18th Century Manuscript to 21st Century Ethnobotany in Valle Imagna (Bergamo, Italy). PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 12:2748. [PMID: 37514363 PMCID: PMC10386062 DOI: 10.3390/plants12142748] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2023] [Revised: 07/20/2023] [Accepted: 07/20/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND This project originated from the study of an 18th century manuscript found in Valle Imagna (Bergamo, Italy) which contains 200 plant-based medicinal remedies. A first comparison with published books concerning 20th century folk medicine in the Valley led to the designing of an ethnobotanical investigation, aimed at making a thorough comparison between past and current phytotherapy knowledge in this territory. METHODS The field investigation was conducted through semi-structured interviews. All data collected was entered in a database and subsequently processed. A diachronic comparison between the field results, the manuscript, and a 20th century book was then performed. RESULTS A total of 109 interviews were conducted and the use of 103 medicinal plants, belonging to 46 families, was noted. A decrease in number of plant taxa and uses was observed over time, with only 42 taxa and 34 uses reported in the manuscript being currently known by the people of the valley. A thorough comparison with the remedies in the manuscript highlighted similar recipes for 12 species. Specifically, the use of agrimony in Valle Imagna for the treatment of deep wounds calls back to an ancient remedy against leg ulcers based on this species. CONCLUSIONS The preliminary results of this study allow us to outline the partial passage through time fragments of ancient plant-based remedies once used in the investigated area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabrizia Milani
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Milan, Via Mangiagalli 25, 20133 Milan, Italy
- Ghirardi Botanic Garden, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Milan, Via Religione 25, 25088 Toscolano Maderno, Italy
| | - Martina Bottoni
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Milan, Via Mangiagalli 25, 20133 Milan, Italy
- Ghirardi Botanic Garden, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Milan, Via Religione 25, 25088 Toscolano Maderno, Italy
| | - Laura Bardelli
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Milan, Via Mangiagalli 25, 20133 Milan, Italy
- Ghirardi Botanic Garden, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Milan, Via Religione 25, 25088 Toscolano Maderno, Italy
| | - Lorenzo Colombo
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Milan, Via Mangiagalli 25, 20133 Milan, Italy
- Ghirardi Botanic Garden, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Milan, Via Religione 25, 25088 Toscolano Maderno, Italy
| | - Paola Sira Colombo
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Milan, Via Mangiagalli 25, 20133 Milan, Italy
- Ghirardi Botanic Garden, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Milan, Via Religione 25, 25088 Toscolano Maderno, Italy
| | - Piero Bruschi
- Department of Agricultural, Environmental, Food and Forestry Science and Technology, University of Florence, 50144 Florence, Italy
| | - Claudia Giuliani
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Milan, Via Mangiagalli 25, 20133 Milan, Italy
- Ghirardi Botanic Garden, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Milan, Via Religione 25, 25088 Toscolano Maderno, Italy
| | - Gelsomina Fico
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Milan, Via Mangiagalli 25, 20133 Milan, Italy
- Ghirardi Botanic Garden, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Milan, Via Religione 25, 25088 Toscolano Maderno, Italy
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20
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Shim J, Hong SY, Han JH, Yu Y, Yoo E, Sung J, Chin JH, Lee ON. A Genomic Evaluation of Six Selected Inbred Lines of the Naturalized Plants of Milk Thistle ( Silybum marianum L. Gaertn.) in Korea. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 12:2702. [PMID: 37514316 PMCID: PMC10384142 DOI: 10.3390/plants12142702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2023] [Revised: 07/18/2023] [Accepted: 07/19/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023]
Abstract
Milk thistle (Silybum marianum) belongs to the Asteraceae family and is a medicinal plant native to the Mediterranean Basin. Silymarin in achene is a widely used herbal product for chronic liver disease. There is growing interest in natural medicine using milk thistle in Korea, but the raw material completely relies on imports. Despite its economic importance, phenotypic evaluations of native resources of milk thistle in Korea have not been carried out. In addition, genomic research and molecular marker development are very limited in milk thistle. In this study, we evaluated 220 milk thistle resources consisting of 172 accessions collected from the domestic market, and 48 accessions isolated from 6 accessions distributed by the National Agrobiodiversity Center in Korea. Six plant characteristics (height, seed weight, number of flowers, seed weight per flower, spine length, and color at harvest) were measured, and six samples (M01-M06) were selected to represent the genetic diversity of the population for genomic research. To develop PCR-based and co-dominant insertion/deletion (InDel) markers, we performed genome-wide InDel detection by comparing the whole-genome resequencing data of the six selected accessions with the reference genome sequence (GCA_001541825). As a result, 177 InDel markers with high distinguishability and reproducibility were selected from the 30,845 InDel variants. Unknowingly imported alien plant resources could easily be genetically mixed, and jeopardized seed purity can cause continuous difficulties in the development of high value-added agricultural platforms utilizing natural products. The selected plant materials and 177 validated InDel markers developed via whole-genome resequencing analysis could be valuable resources for breeding, conservation, and ecological studies of natives to Korea, along with acceleration of Silybum marianum industrialization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeehyoung Shim
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Chung Ang University, Seodong-daero 4726, Daedeok-myeon, Anseong 17546, Republic of Korea
- EL&I Co., Ltd., Hwaseong 18278, Republic of Korea
| | - Su Young Hong
- Genomics Division, National Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Rural Development Administration, Jeonju 54874, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae-Hyuk Han
- Food Crops Molecular Breeding Laboratory, Department of Integrative Biological Sciences and Industry, Sejong University, Seoul 05006, Republic of Korea
| | - Yeisoo Yu
- DNACare Co., Ltd., Seoul 06730, Republic of Korea
| | - Eunae Yoo
- National Agrobiodiversity Center, National Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Rural Development Administration, Jeonju 54874, Republic of Korea
| | - Jungsook Sung
- National Agrobiodiversity Center, National Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Rural Development Administration, Jeonju 54874, Republic of Korea
| | - Joong Hyoun Chin
- Food Crops Molecular Breeding Laboratory, Department of Integrative Biological Sciences and Industry, Sejong University, Seoul 05006, Republic of Korea
- Convergence Research Center for Natural Products, Sejong University, Seoul 05006, Republic of Korea
| | - O New Lee
- Department of Bioindustry and Bioresource Engineering, Sejong University, Seoul 05006, Republic of Korea
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21
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Salhi N, El Guourrami O, Rouas L, Moussaid S, Moutawalli A, Benkhouili FZ, Ameggouz M, Alshahrani MM, Al Awadh AA, Bouyahya A, Faouzi MEA, Cherrah Y. Evaluation of the Wound Healing Potential of Cynara humilis Extracts in the Treatment of Skin Burns. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE : ECAM 2023; 2023:5855948. [PMID: 37114146 PMCID: PMC10129424 DOI: 10.1155/2023/5855948] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2022] [Revised: 03/03/2023] [Accepted: 04/06/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023]
Abstract
Cynara humilis is traditionally used to treat skin burns and microbial infections. However, experimental studies on this plant are rare. Furthermore, the aim of this study was to investigate the effects of Cynara humilis, a Moroccan herbal remedy, on the healing of deep second-degree burns in rats with a silver sulfadiazine group. This research was also carried out to confirm if C. humilis had antibacterial capabilities. Under typical burn procedures, each rat received a deep second-degree burn on the upper back. The burns were treated regularly with control groups (control and control VH), silver sulfadiazine (SDD) in group 3, C. humilis ethanolic extract (CHEE) in group 4, and C. humilis aqueous extract (CHAE) in group 5. Throughout the treatment, digital photography was used to measure rat responses to the treatment until day 18. After the scar biopsy at the end of the study, histological parameters (inflammatory cells, collagen, epithelialization, fibrosis, and granulation tissue) were assessed. Using the well technique, the antibacterial activity of the extracts was tested against Staphylococcus aureus CIP 483, Bacillus subtilis CIP 5262, Escherichia coli CIP 53126, Pseudomonas aeruginosa CIP 82118, and Salmonella enterica CIP 8039, and the results showed important activities of the ethanolic and aqueous extracts against the five species tested with MICs of 2 and 4 mg/mL, respectively. In the aqueous extract group, the wound healed faster. In addition, the healing rate in the C. humilis extracts (CHEA and CHEE) group was faster than in the silver sulfadiazine and control groups. In the C. humilis group, maximum wound surface recovery was observed at the same time, as it was not noted in the silver sulfadiazine group. Pathologically, epithelialization was more marked in wounds treated with C. humilis extracts (CHE). Angiogenesis and inflammatory cells were considerably lower in the CHE group than in the silver and other control groups. However, elastic fibers were considerable in the CHE-treated group. In histological examination, the C. humilis group had a low incidence of angiogenesis and inflammation, indicating that this group had less wound scarring. Collagen and burn wound healing were both faster in the C. humilis group. The findings of this study suggest that C. humilis, as indicated by traditional medicine, is a promising natural source for the management of wound healing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Najoua Salhi
- Pharmacoepidemiology and Pharmacoeconomics Research Team, Laboratory of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, Mohammed V University in Rabat, Rabat, Morocco
| | - Otman El Guourrami
- Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry and Bromatology, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, Mohammed V University in Rabat, Rabat, Morocco
| | - Lamiae Rouas
- Laboratory of Anatomy Cytology, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, Children's Hospital, Mohammed V University in Rabat, Rabat, Morocco
| | - Siham Moussaid
- Laboratory of Plant, Animal and Agro Industry Productions, Faculty of Science, Ibn Tofail University, B.P 133, Kenitra 1400, Morocco
| | - Amina Moutawalli
- Department of Drug Sciences, Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, Mohammed V University in Rabat, Rabat, Morocco
| | - Fatima Zahra Benkhouili
- Department of Drug Sciences, Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, Mohammed V University in Rabat, Rabat, Morocco
| | - Mouna Ameggouz
- Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry and Bromatology, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, Mohammed V University in Rabat, Rabat, Morocco
| | - Mohammed Merae Alshahrani
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Najran University, Najran 61441, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ahmed Abdullah Al Awadh
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Najran University, Najran 61441, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdelhakim Bouyahya
- Laboratory of Human Pathologies Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Department of Biology, Mohammed V University in Rabat, Rabat, Morocco
| | - My El Abbes Faouzi
- Biopharmaceutical and Toxicological Analysis Research Team, Laboratory of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, Mohammed V University in Rabat, Rabat, Morocco
| | - Yahya Cherrah
- Pharmacoepidemiology and Pharmacoeconomics Research Team, Laboratory of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, Mohammed V University in Rabat, Rabat, Morocco
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22
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Du YX, Mamun AA, Lyu AP, Zhang HJ. Natural Compounds Targeting the Autophagy Pathway in the Treatment of Colorectal Cancer. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:7310. [PMID: 37108476 PMCID: PMC10138367 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24087310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2023] [Revised: 04/03/2023] [Accepted: 04/12/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Autophagy is a highly conserved intracellular degradation pathway by which misfolded proteins or damaged organelles are delivered in a double-membrane vacuolar vesicle and finally degraded by lysosomes. The risk of colorectal cancer (CRC) is high, and there is growing evidence that autophagy plays a critical role in regulating the initiation and metastasis of CRC; however, whether autophagy promotes or suppresses tumor progression is still controversial. Many natural compounds have been reported to exert anticancer effects or enhance current clinical therapies by modulating autophagy. Here, we discuss recent advancements in the molecular mechanisms of autophagy in regulating CRC. We also highlight the research on natural compounds that are particularly promising autophagy modulators for CRC treatment with clinical evidence. Overall, this review illustrates the importance of autophagy in CRC and provides perspectives for these natural autophagy regulators as new therapeutic candidates for CRC drug development.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Ai-Ping Lyu
- School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, 7 Baptist University Road, Kowloon Tong, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, China; (Y.-X.D.); (A.A.M.)
| | - Hong-Jie Zhang
- School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, 7 Baptist University Road, Kowloon Tong, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, China; (Y.-X.D.); (A.A.M.)
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23
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Hassan DAE, Ghaleb SS, Zaki AR, Abdelmenem A, Nabil S, Alim MAA. The toxic effects of anabolic steroids "nandrolone decanoate" on cardiac and skeletal muscles with the potential ameliorative effects of silymarin and fenugreek seeds extract in adult male albino rats. BMC Pharmacol Toxicol 2023; 24:17. [PMID: 36922878 PMCID: PMC10015925 DOI: 10.1186/s40360-023-00658-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2022] [Accepted: 02/28/2023] [Indexed: 03/17/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Anabolic steroids (AS) are commonly abused by body builders and athletes aiming to increase their strength and muscle mass but unfortunately, the long-term use of AS may lead to serious side effects. Nandrolone Decanoate is one of the Class II anabolic androgenic steroids which quickly spread globally and used clinically and illicitly. Our research was directed to assess the toxic effects of anabolic steroids on cardiac and skeletal muscles in male albino rats and to evaluate the potential ameliorative effects of fenugreek seeds extract and silymarin. METHODS Our research was done on 120 male albino rats that were allocated into 6 groups; group I: Served as a control group, group II: Received the anabolic steroid Nandrolone Decanoate, group III: Received silymarin orally, group IV: Received fenugreek seeds extract orally, group (V): Received the anabolic steroid Nandrolone Decanoate and silymarin and group (VI): Received the anabolic steroid Nandrolone Decanoate and fenugreek seeds extract. By the end of the study, rats were sacrificed, and blood samples were collected for biochemical analysis and autopsy samples for histopathological examination. RESULTS The anabolic steroids toxic effects on rats showed a significant decrease in serum High Density Lipoprotein (HDL) level and increase in cholesterol, triglycerides, and Low-Density Lipoprotein (LDL) levels. There was a significant elevation in cardiac troponin I level. As regards to histopathological examination of the cardiac and skeletal muscles, the study showed marked degenerative changes and necrosis. Both silymarin and fenugreek seeds extract provided a protective effect on the biochemical and histopathological changes. The antioxidant effects of silymarin and fenugreek seeds extract were evaluated on the heart, skeletal muscles and showed that, the tissue levels of Superoxide dismutase (SOD), Catalase and reduced glutathione (GSH) decreased in AS treated rats compared to the control group. On the other hand, the tissue Malondialdehyde (MDA) levels were elevated. CONCLUSIONS Anabolic steroids have a toxic effect on the cardiac and skeletal muscles of albino rats with improvement by treatment with fenugreek seeds extract and silymarin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dalia Abd Elwahab Hassan
- Department of Forensic Medicine and Clinical Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, Beni-Suef University, Beni Suef, 62511, Egypt.
| | - Sherien S Ghaleb
- Department of Forensic Medicine and Clinical Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo, 62514, Egypt
| | - Amr Reda Zaki
- Department of Forensic Medicine and Clinical Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, Beni-Suef University, Beni Suef, 62511, Egypt
| | - Ahmed Abdelmenem
- Department of Forensic Medicine and Clinical Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, Beni-Suef University, Beni Suef, 62511, Egypt
| | - Shimaa Nabil
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Beni-Suef University, Beni Suef, 62511, Egypt
| | - Mostafa Abdallah Abdel Alim
- Department of Forensic Medicine and Clinical Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, Beni-Suef University, Beni Suef, 62511, Egypt
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24
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Tomou EM, Papakyriakopoulou P, Skaltsa H, Valsami G, Kadoglou NPE. Bio-Actives from Natural Products with Potential Cardioprotective Properties: Isolation, Identification, and Pharmacological Actions of Apigenin, Quercetin, and Silibinin. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28052387. [PMID: 36903630 PMCID: PMC10005323 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28052387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2023] [Revised: 02/23/2023] [Accepted: 03/01/2023] [Indexed: 03/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) are the leading cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. As a result, pharmaceutical and non-pharmaceutical interventions modifying risk factors for CVDs are a top priority of scientific research. Non-pharmaceutical therapeutical approaches, including herbal supplements, have gained growing interest from researchers as part of the therapeutic strategies for primary or secondary prevention of CVDs. Several experimental studies have supported the potential effects of apigenin, quercetin, and silibinin as beneficial supplements in cohorts at risk of CVDs. Accordingly, this comprehensive review focused critically on the cardioprotective effects/mechanisms of the abovementioned three bio-active compounds from natural products. For this purpose, we have included in vitro, preclinical, and clinical studies associated with atherosclerosis and a wide variety of cardiovascular risk factors (hypertension, diabetes, dyslipidemia, obesity, cardiac injury, and metabolic syndrome). In addition, we attempted to summarize and categorize the laboratory methods for their isolation and identification from plant extracts. This review unveiled many uncertainties which are still unexplored, such as the extrapolation of experimental results to clinical practice, mainly due to the small clinical studies, heterogeneous doses, divergent constituents, and the absence of pharmacodynamic/pharmacokinetic analyses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ekaterina-Michaela Tomou
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Health Sciences, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Panepistimiopolis, 15784 Athens, Greece
| | - Paraskevi Papakyriakopoulou
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Health Sciences, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Panepistimiopolis, 15784 Athens, Greece
| | - Helen Skaltsa
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Health Sciences, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Panepistimiopolis, 15784 Athens, Greece
| | - Georgia Valsami
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Health Sciences, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Panepistimiopolis, 15784 Athens, Greece
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25
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Rath P, Prakash D, Ranjan A, Chauhan A, Jindal T, Alamri S, Alamri T, Harakeh S, Haque S. Modulation of Insulin Resistance by Silybum marianum Leaves, and its Synergistic Efficacy with Gymnema sylvestre, Momordica charantia, Trigonella-foenum graecum Against Protein Tyrosine Phosphatase 1B. Biotechnol Genet Eng Rev 2023:1-23. [PMID: 36641593 DOI: 10.1080/02648725.2022.2162236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2022] [Accepted: 12/18/2022] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Prolonged insulin resistance is considered one of the reasons for Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus. Upregulation of Protein tyrosine phosphatase 1B (PTP1B), a negative regulator of insulin signalling, has been well studied as a key regulator in prognosis to insulin resistance. It has been widely studied as a desirable molecular therapeutic target. The study aimed to evaluate the efficacy of leaf extract of the medicinal plants Silybum marianum on the inhibition of PTP1B activity. It also explored the synergistic effect with extracts of Gymnema sylvestre (leaves), Momordica charantia (seeds), and Trigonella foenum graecum (seeds). The S. marianum leaves showed dose-dependent inhibition of PTP1B ranging from 9.48-47.95% (25-1000 μg mL-1). Assay with individual plant extracts showed comparatively lesser inhibition of PTP1B as compared to metformin as a control (38% inhibition). However, a synergistic effect showed nearly 45% PTP1B inhibition (higher than metformin) after the assay was done with selected four plant extracts in combination. The effect of leaf extracts of S. marianum was studied for glucose uptake efficiency in yeast cell lines which was found to be increased by 23% as compared to the control (without extract). Metformin improves glucose upake by yeast cells by ~15-31%. GC-MS analysis revealed 23 phytochemicals, some of which possessed anti-diabetic properties. A dose-dependent increase in antioxidant activity of S. marianum leaves extracts was observed (40-53%). The findings of the study highlighted the presence of various phytochemicals in leaves extracts that are effective against PTP1B inhibition and may help in reinvigorating drug development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prangya Rath
- Amity Institute of Environmental Sciences, Amity University, Noida, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Dhan Prakash
- Amity Institute of Herbal Research and Studies, Amity University Noida, Noida, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Anuj Ranjan
- Academy of Biology and Biotechnology, Southern Federal University, Rostov-on-Don, Russia
| | - Abhishek Chauhan
- Amity Institute of Environmental Toxicology, Safety and Management, Amity University, Noida, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Tanu Jindal
- Amity Institute of Environmental Toxicology, Safety and Management, Amity University, Noida, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Sultan Alamri
- Consultant Family Medicine, Ministry of Health, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Turki Alamri
- Family and Community Medicine Department, Faculty of Medicine in Rabigh, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Steve Harakeh
- King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia Yousef Abdul Lateef Jameel Chair of Prophetic Medicine Application, Faculty of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Shafiul Haque
- Research and Scientific Studies Unit, College of Nursing and Allied Health Sciences, Jazan University, Jazan, Saudi Arabia
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26
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Khouchlaa A, El Baaboua A, El Moudden H, Lakhdar F, Bakrim S, El Menyiy N, Belmehdi O, Harhar H, El Omari N, Balahbib A, Park MN, Zengin G, Kim B, Bouyahya A. Traditional Uses, Bioactive Compounds, and Pharmacological Investigations of Calendula arvensis L.: A Comprehensive Review. Adv Pharmacol Pharm Sci 2023; 2023:2482544. [PMID: 36636465 PMCID: PMC9831710 DOI: 10.1155/2023/2482544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2022] [Revised: 10/06/2022] [Accepted: 12/10/2022] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Calendula arvensis L. (Asteraceae) is a famous ornamental and medicinal plant widely distributed in Mediterranean countries and the southern region of Europe. This reputed species is widely used in traditional medicine in the treatment of many disorders and has various bioactivities, especially anti-inflammatory, antiviral, antimutagenic, antimicrobial, insecticidal, antioxidant, and immunomodulatory activities. The present review was conducted to provide a critical review of the comprehensive and current knowledge regarding C. arvensis species, in particular, its taxonomy and geographical distribution, botanical description, medicinal uses, phytochemical compounds, pharmacological properties, and toxicity investigations. The data collected on C. arvensis were obtained using different scientific research databases such as PubMed, SciFinder, SpringerLink, Web of Science, Science Direct, Google Scholar, Wiley Online, and Scopus. Phytochemical screening of different C. arvensis extracts and essential oils showed their richness in bioactive compounds, particularly in fatty acids, sterols, phenolics, flavonoids, saponins, tannins, alkaloids, and terpenoid compounds. The findings of this review showed that the pharmacological activities of C. arvensis confirm its importance and diversity as a traditional remedy for many diseases. This plant presents a wide range of bioactivities, namely, anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, antitrypanosomial, antitumoral, antimutagenic, and immunomodulatory activities, as well as hemolytic properties and wound treatment. Nevertheless, pharmacokinetic validation and toxicological examinations are required to detect any possible toxicity for future clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aya Khouchlaa
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, National Agency of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants, 34025 Taounate, Morocco
| | - Aicha El Baaboua
- Biology and Health Laboratory, Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Abdelmalek-Essaadi University, Tetouan, Morocco
| | - Hamza El Moudden
- Ecole Supérieure de Technologie d'El Kelaa Des Sraghna, Université Cadi Ayyad, B.P 104, El Kelaa Des Sraghna, Morocco
| | - Fatima Lakhdar
- Department of Biology, Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology and Environment, Faculty of Sciences, Chouaib Doukkali University, BP 20, El Jadida 24000, Morocco
| | - Saad Bakrim
- Geo-Bio-Environment Engineering and Innovation Laboratory, Molecular Engineering, Biotechnology and Innovation Team, Polydisciplinary Faculty of Taroudant, Ibn Zohr University, Agadir 80000, Morocco
| | - Naoual El Menyiy
- Laboratory of Pharmacology, National Agency of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants, 34025 Taounate, Morocco
| | - Omar Belmehdi
- Biology and Health Laboratory, Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Abdelmalek-Essaadi University, Tetouan, Morocco
| | - Hicham Harhar
- Laboratory of Nanotechnology, Materials and Environment, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Mohammed V University in Rabat, Rabat, Morocco
| | - Nasreddine El Omari
- Laboratory of Histology, Embryology, and Cytogenetic, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, Mohammed V University in Rabat, Rabat 10100, Morocco
| | - Abdelaali Balahbib
- Laboratory of Biodiversity Ecology and Genome, Faculty of Sciences, Mohammed V University, Rabat P.O. Box 1014, Rabat, Morocco
| | - Moon Nyeo Park
- Department of Pathology, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea
| | - Gokhan Zengin
- Physiology and Biochemistry Research Laboratory, Department of Biology, Science Faculty, Selcuk University Campus, Konya, Turkey
| | - Bonglee Kim
- Department of Pathology, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea
| | - Abdelhakim Bouyahya
- Laboratory of Human Pathologies Biology, Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Mohammed V University, Rabat B.P. 1014, Morocco
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27
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El-Sappah AH, Metwally MAS, Rady MM, Ali HM, Wang L, Maitra P, Ihtisham M, Yan K, Zhao X, Li J, Desoky ESM. Interplay of silymarin and clove fruit extract effectively enhances cadmium stress tolerance in wheat ( Triticum aestivum). FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 14:1144319. [PMID: 37123831 PMCID: PMC10140571 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1144319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2023] [Accepted: 02/27/2023] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Introduction Osmoprotectant supplementation can be used as a useful approach to enhance plant stress tolerance. However, the effect of silymarin and clove fruit extract (CFE) on wheat plants grown under cadmium (Cd) stress has not been studied. Methods Wheat seeds were planted in plastic pots filled with ions-free sand. A ½-strength Hoagland's nutrient solution was used for irrigation. Pots were treated with eight treatments thirteen days after sowing: 1) Control, 2) 0.5 mM silymarin foliar application [silymarin], 3) 2% CFE foliar application [CFE], 4) CFE enriched with silymarin (0.24 g silymarin L-1 of CFE) [CFE-silymarin], 5) Watering wheat seedlings with a nutritious solution of 2 mM Cd [Cd]. 6) Cadmium + silymarin, 7) Cadmium + CFE, and 8) Cadmium + CFE-silymarin. The experimental design was a completely randomized design with nine replicates. Results and discussion The Cd stress decreased grain yield, shoot dry weight, leaf area, carotenoids, chlorophylls, stomatal conductance, net photosynthetic rate, transpiration rate, membrane stability index, nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium content by 66.9, 60.6, 56.7, 23.8, 33.5, 48.1, 41.2, 48.7, 42.5, 24.1, 39.9, and 24.1%, respectively. On the other hand, Cd has an Application of CFE, silymarin, or CEF-silymarin for wheat plants grown under Cd stress, significantly improved all investigated biochemical, morphological, and physiological variables and enhanced the antioxidant enzyme activities. Applying CFE and/or silymarin enhanced plant tolerance to Cd stress more efficiently. Our findings suggest using CFE-silymarin as a meaningful biostimulator for wheat plants to increase wheat plants' tolerance to Cd stress via enhancing various metabolic and physiological processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed H. El-Sappah
- School of Agriculture, Forestry, and Food Engineering, Yibin University, Yibin, Sichuan, China
- Genetics Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
| | | | - Mostafa M. Rady
- Botany Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Fayoum University, Fayoum, Egypt
| | - Hayssam M. Ali
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Linghui Wang
- School of Agriculture, Forestry, and Food Engineering, Yibin University, Yibin, Sichuan, China
| | - Pulak Maitra
- Institute of Dendrology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Kórnik, Poland
| | - Muhammad Ihtisham
- School of Agriculture, Forestry, and Food Engineering, Yibin University, Yibin, Sichuan, China
| | - Kuan Yan
- School of Agriculture, Forestry, and Food Engineering, Yibin University, Yibin, Sichuan, China
| | - Xin Zhao
- School of Agriculture, Forestry, and Food Engineering, Yibin University, Yibin, Sichuan, China
- *Correspondence: Jia Li, ; El-Sayed M. Desoky, ; Xin Zhao,
| | - Jia Li
- School of Agriculture, Forestry, and Food Engineering, Yibin University, Yibin, Sichuan, China
- *Correspondence: Jia Li, ; El-Sayed M. Desoky, ; Xin Zhao,
| | - El-Sayed M. Desoky
- Botany Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
- *Correspondence: Jia Li, ; El-Sayed M. Desoky, ; Xin Zhao,
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Salinas-Arellano ED, Castro-Dionicio IY, Jeyaraj JG, Mirtallo Ezzone NP, Carcache de Blanco EJ. Phytochemical Profiles and Biological Studies of Selected Botanical Dietary Supplements Used in the United States. PROGRESS IN THE CHEMISTRY OF ORGANIC NATURAL PRODUCTS 2023; 122:1-162. [PMID: 37392311 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-031-26768-0_1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/03/2023]
Abstract
Based on their current wide bioavailability, botanical dietary supplements have become an important component of the United States healthcare system, although most of these products have limited scientific evidence for their use. The most recent American Botanical Council Market Report estimated for 2020 a 17.3% increase in sales of these products when compared to 2019, for a total sales volume of $11,261 billion. The use of botanical dietary supplements products in the United States is guided by the Dietary Supplement Health and Education Act (DSHEA) from 1994, enacted by the U.S. Congress with the aim of providing more information to consumers and to facilitate access to a larger number of botanical dietary supplements available on the market than previously. Botanical dietary supplements may be formulated for and use only using crude plant samples (e.g., plant parts such as the bark, leaves, or roots) that can be processed by grinding into a dried powder. Plant parts can also be extracted with hot water to form an "herbal tea." Other preparations of botanical dietary supplements include capsules, essential oils, gummies, powders, tablets, and tinctures. Overall, botanical dietary supplements contain bioactive secondary metabolites with diverse chemotypes that typically are found at low concentration levels. These bioactive constituents usually occur in combination with inactive molecules that may induce synergy and potentiation of the effects observed when botanical dietary supplements are taken in their different forms. Most of the botanical dietary supplements available on the U.S. market have been used previously as herbal remedies or as part of traditional medicine systems from around the world. Their prior use in these systems also provides a certain level of assurance in regard to lower toxicity levels. This chapter will focus on the importance and diversity of the chemical features of bioactive secondary metabolites found in botanical dietary supplements that are responsible for their applications. Many of the active principles of botanical dietary substances are phenolics and isoprenoids, but glycosides and some alkaloids are also present. Biological studies on the active constituents of selected botanical dietary supplements will be discussed. Thus, the present chapter should be of interest for both members of the natural products scientific community, who may be performing development studies of the products available, as well as for healthcare professionals who are directly involved in the analysis of botanical interactions and evaluation of the suitability of botanical dietary supplements for human consumption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric D Salinas-Arellano
- Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, The Ohio State University, 500 West 12th Avenue, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA
| | - Ines Y Castro-Dionicio
- Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, The Ohio State University, 500 West 12th Avenue, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA
| | - Jonathan G Jeyaraj
- Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, The Ohio State University, 500 West 12th Avenue, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA
| | - Nathan P Mirtallo Ezzone
- Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, The Ohio State University, 500 West 12th Avenue, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA
| | - Esperanza J Carcache de Blanco
- Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, The Ohio State University, 500 West 12th Avenue, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA.
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Lněničková K, Vrba J, Kosina P, Papoušková B, Mekadim C, Mrázek J, Sova M, Sovová E, Valentová K, Křen V, Kouřilová P, Vrbková J, Ulrichová J. Metabolic profiling of silymarin constituents in urine and feces of healthy volunteers: A 90-day study. J Funct Foods 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2022.105391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
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30
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Bakrim S, Aboulaghras S, El Menyiy N, El Omari N, Assaggaf H, Lee LH, Montesano D, Gallo M, Zengin G, AlDhaheri Y, Bouyahya A. Phytochemical Compounds and Nanoparticles as Phytochemical Delivery Systems for Alzheimer's Disease Management. MOLECULES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 27:molecules27249043. [PMID: 36558176 PMCID: PMC9781052 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27249043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2022] [Revised: 12/04/2022] [Accepted: 12/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease remains one of the most widespread neurodegenerative reasons for dementia worldwide and is associated with considerable mortality and morbidity. Therefore, it has been considered a priority for research. Indeed, several risk factors are involved in the complexity of the therapeutic ways of this pathology, including age, traumatic brain injury, genetics, exposure to aluminum, infections, diabetes, vascular diseases, hypertension, dyslipidemia, and obesity. The pathophysiology of Alzheimer's disease is mostly associated with hyperphosphorylated protein in the neuronal cytoplasm and extracellular plaques of the insoluble β-amyloid peptide. Therefore, the management of this pathology needs the screening of drugs targeting different pathological levels, such as acetylcholinesterase (AchE), amyloid β formation, and lipoxygenase inhibitors. Among the pharmacological strategies used for the management of Alzheimer's disease, natural drugs are considered a promising therapeutic strategy. Indeed, bioactive compounds isolated from different natural sources exhibit important anti-Alzheimer effects by their effectiveness in promoting neuroplasticity and protecting against neurodegeneration as well as neuroinflammation and oxidative stress in the brain. These effects involve different sub-cellular, cellular, and/or molecular mechanisms, such as the inhibition of acetylcholinesterase (AchE), the modulation of signaling pathways, and the inhibition of oxidative stress. Moreover, some nanoparticles were recently used as phytochemical delivery systems to improve the effects of phytochemical compounds against Alzheimer's disease. Therefore, the present work aims to provide a comprehensive overview of the key advances concerning nano-drug delivery applications of phytochemicals for Alzheimer's disease management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saad Bakrim
- Geo-Bio-Environment Engineering and Innovation Laboratory, Molecular Engineering, Biotechnology and Innovation Team, Polydisciplinary Faculty of Taroudant, Ibn Zohr University, Agadir 80000, Morocco
| | - Sara Aboulaghras
- Physiology and Physiopathology Team, Faculty of Sciences, Genomic of Human Pathologies Research, Mohammed V University in Rabat, Rabat 10100, Morocco
| | - Naoual El Menyiy
- Laboratory of Pharmacology, National Agency of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants, Taounate 34025, Morocco
| | - Nasreddine El Omari
- Laboratory of Histology, Embryology and Cytogenetic, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, Mohammed V University in Rabat, Rabat 10100, Morocco
| | - Hamza Assaggaf
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah 21955, Saudi Arabia
| | - Learn-Han Lee
- Novel Bacteria and Drug Discovery Research Group (NBDD), Microbiome and Bioresource Research Strength (MBRS), Jeffrey Cheah School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Monash University Malaysia, Subang Jaya 47500, Malaysia
| | - Domenico Montesano
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Naples Federico II, Via D. Montesano 49, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Monica Gallo
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnology, University of Naples Federico II, Via Pansini 5, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Gokhan Zengin
- Department of Biology, Science Faculty, Selcuk University, 42130 Konya, Turkey
- Correspondence: (G.Z.); (Y.A.); (A.B.)
| | - Yusra AlDhaheri
- Department of Biology, College of Science, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain 15551, United Arab Emirates
- Correspondence: (G.Z.); (Y.A.); (A.B.)
| | - Abdelhakim Bouyahya
- Laboratory of Human Pathologies Biology, Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Mohammed V University in Rabat, Rabat 10106, Morocco
- Correspondence: (G.Z.); (Y.A.); (A.B.)
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Al-Mijalli SH, Mrabti HN, Ouassou H, Flouchi R, Abdallah EM, Sheikh RA, Alshahrani MM, Awadh AAA, Harhar H, Omari NE, Qasem A, Assaggaf H, Moursi NH, Bouyahya A, Gallo M, Faouzi MEA. Chemical Composition, Antioxidant, Anti-Diabetic, Anti-Acetylcholinesterase, Anti-Inflammatory, and Antimicrobial Properties of Arbutus unedo L. and Laurus nobilis L. Essential Oils. LIFE (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 12:life12111876. [PMID: 36431011 PMCID: PMC9695135 DOI: 10.3390/life12111876] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2022] [Revised: 11/05/2022] [Accepted: 11/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The objectives of this work were to determine the phytochemical composition and antioxidant, anti-diabetic, antibacterial, anti-inflammatory, and anti-acetylcholinesterase properties of Arbutus unedo L. and Laurus nobilis L. EOs. The antioxidant effects were estimated using four complementary methods. In addition, the anti-diabetic activity was assessed by targeting three carbohydrate-hydrolyzing enzymes, namely α-amylase, α-glucosidase, and lipase. The anti-inflammatory and anti-acetylcholinesterase effects were evaluated by testing the inhibitory potential of both plants on lipo-oxygenase and acetylcholinesterase (AChE), respectively. The antimicrobial activity of these oils was evaluated using disc-diffusion, minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC), and minimum lethal concentration (MLC) tests. The chemical composition of L. nobilis essential oil (EO) was dominated by eucalyptol (36.40%), followed by α-terpineole (13.05%), α-terpinyl acetate (10.61%), linalool (10.34%), and northujane (5.74%). The main volatile compounds of A. unedo EOs were decenal (13.47%), α-terpineol (7.8%), and palmitic acid (6.00%). L. nobilis and A. unedo EOs inhibited α-amylase with IC50 values of 42.51 ± 0.012 and 102 ± 0.06 µg/mL, respectively. Moreover, both oils inhibited the activity of α-glucosidase (IC50 = 1.347 ± 0.021 µg/mL and IC50 = 76 ± 0.021 µg/mL) and lipase (IC50 = 21.23 ± 0.021 µg/mL and IC50 = 97.018 ± 0.012 µg/mL, respectively). In addition, L. nobilis EO showed an anti-AChE activity (IC50 = 89.44 ± 0.07 µg/mL) higher than that of A. unedo EO (IC50 = 378.57 ± 0.05 µg/mL). Regarding anti-inflammatory activity, in vitro assays showed that L. nobilis significantly inhibits (IC50 = 48.31 ± 0.07 μg/mL) 5-lipoxygenase compared to A. unedo (IC50 = 86.14 ± 0.05 μg/mL). This was confirmed in vivo via a notable inhibition of inflammation recorded after 6 h of treatment in both plants at a dose of 50 mg/kg. The microbiological results revealed that EOs from both plants inhibited the growth of all tested organisms except P. aeruginosa, with the highest antimicrobial effect for L. nobilis. The results of these tests showed that these two plants possess remarkable biological and pharmacological properties, explaining their medicinal effects and suggesting them as promising sources of natural drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samiah Hamad Al-Mijalli
- Department of Biology, College of Sciences, Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, P.O. Box 84428, Riyadh 11671, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hanae Naceiri Mrabti
- Laboratory of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Bio Pharmaceutical and Toxicological Analysis Research Team, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, University Mohammed V in Rabat, Rabat BP 6203, Morocco
| | - Hayat Ouassou
- Faculty of Sciences, University Mohammed First, Boulevard Mohamed VI BP 717, Oujda 60000, Morocco
| | - Rachid Flouchi
- Laboratory of Microbial Biotechnology and Bioactive Molecules, Science and Technologies Faculty, Sidi Mohamed Ben Abdellah University, Fez BP 2202, Morocco
| | - Emad M. Abdallah
- Department of Science Laboratories, College of Science and Arts, Qassim University, Ar Rass 51921, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ryan A. Sheikh
- Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammed Merae Alshahrani
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Najran University, Najran 61441, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ahmed Abdullah Al Awadh
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Najran University, Najran 61441, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hicham Harhar
- Laboratory of Materials, Nanotechnology and Environment LMNE, Faculty of Sciences, Mohammed V University in Rabat, Rabat BP 1014, Morocco
- Correspondence: (H.H.); (M.G.)
| | - Nasreddine El Omari
- Laboratory of Histology, Embryology, and Cytogenetic, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, Mohammed V University in Rabat, Rabat 10000, Morocco
| | - Ahmed Qasem
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah 21955, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hamza Assaggaf
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah 21955, Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Abdelhakim Bouyahya
- Laboratory of Human Pathologies Biology, Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Mohammed V University in Rabat, Rabat BP 6203, Morocco
| | - Monica Gallo
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnology, University of Naples Federico II, Via Pansini 5, 80131 Naples, Italy
- Correspondence: (H.H.); (M.G.)
| | - Moulay El Abbes Faouzi
- Laboratory of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Bio Pharmaceutical and Toxicological Analysis Research Team, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, University Mohammed V in Rabat, Rabat BP 6203, Morocco
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Al-Mijalli SH, Mrabti NN, Ouassou H, Sheikh RA, Abdallah EM, Assaggaf H, Bakrim S, Alshahrani MM, Awadh AAA, Qasem A, Attar A, Lee LH, Bouyahya A, Goh KW, Ming LC, Mrabti HN. Phytochemical Variability, In Vitro and In Vivo Biological Investigations, and In Silico Antibacterial Mechanisms of Mentha piperita Essential Oils Collected from Two Different Regions in Morocco. Foods 2022; 11:3466. [PMID: 36360079 PMCID: PMC9658668 DOI: 10.3390/foods11213466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2022] [Revised: 10/20/2022] [Accepted: 10/24/2022] [Indexed: 08/13/2023] Open
Abstract
The objective of this work is to explore the phytochemical profile of Mentha piperita essential oils (MPEO) collected from two different Moroccan regions using gas chromatography-mass spectrophotometer (GC-MS) and to investigate their antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antidiabetic and, antimicrobial effects using in vivo and in vitro assays. The chemical constituent of MPEO from the Azrou zone is dominated by carvone (70.25%), while MPEO from the Ouazzane zone is rich in Menthol (43.32%) and Menthone (29.4%). MPEO from Ouezzane showed higher antioxidant activity than EO from Azrou. Nevertheless, EO from Ouezzane considerably inhibited 5-Lipoxygenase (IC50 = 11.64 ± 0.02 µg/mL) compared to EO from Azro (IC50 = 23.84 ± 0.03 µg/mL). Both EOs from Azrou and Ouazzane inhibited the α-amylase activity in vitro, with IC50 values of 131.62 ± 0.01 µg/mL and 91.64 ± 0.03 µg/mL, respectively. The EOs were also tested for minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC). The discdiffusion test revealed that MPEOs from both regions have significant antibacterial efficacy, and MPEOs from the north region showed the highest effect. The gram-positive bacteria were the most susceptible organisms. The MIC concentrations were in the range of 0.05 to 6.25 mg/mL, and the MBC concentrations were within 0.05-25.0 mg/mL. The MBC/MIC index indicated that MPEO has strong bactericidal effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samiah Hamad Al-Mijalli
- Department of Biology, College of Sciences, Princess Nourah Bint Abdulrahman University, P.O. Box 84428, Riyadh 11671, Saudi Arabia
| | - Nidal Naceiri Mrabti
- Computer Chemistry and Modeling Team, Laboratory of Materials, Modeling and Environmental Engineering (LIMME), Faculty of Sciences Dhar El Mehraz, Sidi Mohamed Ben Abdellah University (USMBA), BP 1796, Atlas, Fez 30000, Morocco
| | - Hayat Ouassou
- Faculty of Sciences, University Mohammed First, Boulevard Mohamed VI BP 717, Oujda 60000, Morocco
| | - Ryan A. Sheikh
- Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Emad M. Abdallah
- Department of Science Laboratories, College of Science and Arts, Qassim University, Ar Rass 51921, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hamza Assaggaf
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah 21955, Saudi Arabia
| | - Saad Bakrim
- Geo-Bio-Environment Engineering and Innovation Laboratory, Molecular Engineering, Biotechnology and Innovation Team, Polydisciplinary Faculty of Taroudant, Ibn Zohr University, Agadir 80000, Morocco
| | - Mohammed Merae Alshahrani
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Najran University, 1988, Najran 61441, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ahmed Abdullah Al Awadh
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Najran University, 1988, Najran 61441, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ahmed Qasem
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah 21955, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ammar Attar
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah 21955, Saudi Arabia
| | - Learn-Han Lee
- Novel Bacteria and Drug Discovery Research Group (NBDD), Microbiome and Bioresource Research Strength (MBRS), Jeffrey Cheah School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Monash University Malaysia, Bandar Sunway 47500, Malaysia
| | - Abdelhakim Bouyahya
- Laboratory of Human Pathologies Biology, Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Mohammed V University in Rabat, Rabat BP 6203, Morocco
| | - Khang Wen Goh
- Faculty of Data Science and Information Technology, INTI International University, Nilai 71800, Malaysia
| | - Long Chiau Ming
- Pengiran Anak Puteri Rashidah Sa’adatul Bolkiah Institute of Health Sciences, Universiti Brunei Darussalam, Gadong BE1410, Brunei
| | - Hanae Naceiri Mrabti
- Laboratoires TBC, Faculty of Pharmaceutical and Biological Sciences, B.P. 8359006 Lille, France
- Laboratory of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Bio Pharmaceutical and Toxicological Analysis Research Team, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, University Mohammed V in Rabat, Rabat BP 6203, Morocco
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Qasem A, Assaggaf H, Montesano D, Khalil Z, Al-Mijalli SH, Baaboua AEL, El Omari N, El Menyiy N, Bakrim S, Sheikh RA, Alshahrani MM, Awadh AAA, Zengin G, Bouyahya A, Mrabti HN. Determination of Chemical Compounds and Investigation of Biological Properties of Matricaria chamomilla Essential Oils, Honey, and Their Mixture. Molecules 2022; 27:5850. [PMID: 36144586 PMCID: PMC9505312 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27185850] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2022] [Revised: 09/03/2022] [Accepted: 09/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
This exploratory investigation aimed to determine the chemical composition and evaluate some biological properties, such as antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antidiabetic, and antimicrobial activities, of Matricaria chamomilla L. essential oils (EOs). EOs of M. chamomilla were obtained by hydrodistillation and phytochemical screening was performed by gas chromatography-mass spectrophotometry (GC-MS). The antimicrobial activities were tested against different pathogenic strains of microorganisms by using disc diffusion assay, the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC), and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) methods. The antidiabetic activity was performed in vitro using the enzyme inhibition test. The antioxidant activity of EOs was tested using the free radical scavenging ability (DPPH method), ferrous ion chelating (FIC) ability, and β-carotene bleaching assay. The anti-inflammatory effects were tested in vivo using the carrageenan-induced paw edema method and in vitro using the inhibition of the lipoxygenase test. The analysis of the phytochemical composition by GC-MS revealed that camphor (16.42%) was the major compound of EOs, followed by 3-carene (9.95%), β-myrcene (8.01%), and chamazulene (6.54%). MCEO, honey, and their mixture exhibited antioxidant activity against the DPPH assay (IC50 ranging from 533.89 ± 15.05 µg/mL to 1945.38 ± 12.71 µg/mL). The mixture exhibited the best radical scavenging activity, with an IC50 of 533.89 ± 15.05 µg/mL. As antidiabetic effect, EO presented the best values against α-glucosidase (265.57 ± 0.03 μg/mL) and α-amylase (121.44 ± 0.05 μg/mL). The EOs and honey mixture at a dose of 100 mg/kg exhibited a high anti-inflammatory effect, with 63.75% edema inhibition after 3 h. The impact of EOs on the studied species showed an excellent antimicrobial (Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 29213 (22.97 ± 0.16 mm)), antifungal (Aspergillus niger (18.13 ± 0.18 mm)) and anti-yeast (Candida albicans (21.07 ± 0.24 mm) effect against all the tested strains. The results obtained indicate that the EOs of M. chamomilla could be a potential drug target against diabetes, inflammation and microbial infections; however, further investigations to assess their bioactive molecules individually and in combination are greatly required.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed Qasem
- Laboratory Medicine Department, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah 21955, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hamza Assaggaf
- Laboratory Medicine Department, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah 21955, Saudi Arabia
| | - Domenico Montesano
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Naples Federico II, Via D. Montesano 49, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Zineb Khalil
- Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry, Drug Sciences Research Center, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, Mohammed V University in Rabat, Rabat BP 6203, Morocco
| | - Samiah Hamad Al-Mijalli
- Department of Biology, College of Sciences, Princess Nourah Bint Abdulrahman University, P.O. Box 84428, Riyadh 11671, Saudi Arabia
| | - Aicha EL Baaboua
- Biology and Health Laboratory, Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Abdelmalek Essaadi University, Tetouan 93000, Morocco
| | - Nasreddine El Omari
- Laboratory of Histology, Embryology and Cytogenetic, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, Mohammed V University in Rabat, Taounate 34025, Morocco
| | - Naoual El Menyiy
- Laboratory of Pharmacology, National Agency of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants, Taounate 34025, Morocco
| | - Saad Bakrim
- Geo-Bio-Environment Engineering and Innovation Laboratory, Molecular Engineering, Biotechnologies and Innovation Team, Polydisciplinary Faculty of Taroudant, Ibn Zohr University, Agadir 80000, Morocco
| | - Ryan A. Sheikh
- Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammed Merae Alshahrani
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Najran University, Najran 61441, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ahmed Abdullah Al Awadh
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Najran University, Najran 61441, Saudi Arabia
| | - Gokhan Zengin
- Department of Biology, Science Faculty, Selcuk University, Konya 42250, Turkey
| | - Abdelhakim Bouyahya
- Laboratory of Human Pathologies Biology, Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Mohammed V University in Rabat, Rabat BP 6203, Morocco
| | - Hanae Naceiri Mrabti
- Laboratory of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Bio Pharmaceutical and Toxicological Analysis Research Team, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, University Mohammed V in Rabat, Rabat BP 6203, Morocco
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Exploring the Potential Enhancing Effects of Trans-Zeatin and Silymarin on the Productivity and Antioxidant Defense Capacity of Cadmium-Stressed Wheat. BIOLOGY 2022; 11:biology11081173. [PMID: 36009800 PMCID: PMC9404800 DOI: 10.3390/biology11081173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2022] [Revised: 07/30/2022] [Accepted: 08/01/2022] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Simple Summary Wheat experiments have provided insight into tolerance to cadmium (Cd) stress, the way in which wheat alters its morpho-physio-biochemical and antioxidant system responses when trans-Zeatin + silymarin (applied as seed priming + leaf spray) treatment is offered against Cd stress. This integrative treatment effectively enhanced growth, productivity, photosynthetic efficiency, leaf integrity, and antioxidant systems in the Cd-stressed wheat plants. This treatment reduced the Cd contamination (healthy grains) and increased growth and productivity by increasing osmo-regulatory compounds along with different antioxidant activities, which serve as potent defenses to protect plants from Cd stress by increasing tolerance to Cd stress in wheat. Abstract Pot trials were performed to explore the impacts of seed priming (SPr) plus leaf treatment (LTr) with trans-zeatin-type cytokinin (tZck; 0.05 mM) and silymarin (Sim; 0.5 mM) on growth, yield, physio-biochemical responses, and antioxidant defense systems in Cd-stressed wheat. tZck + Sim applied as SPr + LTr was more effective than individual treatments, and the impacts were more pronounced under stress conditions. Cd stress (0.6 mM) severely declined growth and yield traits, and photosynthesis efficiency (pigment contents, instantaneous carboxylation efficiency, and photochemical activity) compared to the control. These negative impacts coincided with increased levels of Cd2+, O2•− (superoxide), H2O2 (hydrogen peroxide), MDA (malondialdehyde), and EL (electrolyte leakage). Non-enzymatic and enzymatic antioxidant activities, and tZck and Sim contents were also increased. However, tZck + Sim increased photosynthesis efficiency, and further boosted antioxidant activities, and contents of tZck and Sim, while minimizing Cd2+ levels in roots, leaves, and grains. The levels of O2•−, H2O2, MDA, and EL were also minimized, reflecting positively on growth and productivity. tZck + Sim applied as SPr + LTr was highly effective in promoting antioxidants and photosynthesis machineries, minimizing oxidative stress biomarkers and Cd2+ levels, boosting tolerance to Cd stress, and improving wheat productivity under Cd stress.
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Ribeiro VR, Romao-Veiga M, Nunes PR, de Oliveira LRC, Romagnoli GG, Peracoli JC, Peracoli MTS. Silibinin downregulates the expression of the Th1 and Th17 profiles by modulation of STATs and transcription factors in pregnant women with preeclampsia. Int Immunopharmacol 2022; 109:108807. [DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2022.108807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2021] [Revised: 04/18/2022] [Accepted: 04/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Bakrim S, Machate H, Benali T, Sahib N, Jaouadi I, Omari NE, Aboulaghras S, Bangar SP, Lorenzo JM, Zengin G, Montesano D, Gallo M, Bouyahya A. Natural Sources and Pharmacological Properties of Pinosylvin. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 11:plants11121541. [PMID: 35736692 PMCID: PMC9228742 DOI: 10.3390/plants11121541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2022] [Revised: 06/06/2022] [Accepted: 06/07/2022] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
Pinosylvin (3,5-dihydroxy-trans-stilbene), a natural pre-infectious stilbenoid toxin, is a terpenoid polyphenol compound principally found in the Vitaceae family in the heartwood of Pinus spp. (e.g., Pinus sylvestris) and in pine leaf (Pinus densiflora). It provides defense mechanisms against pathogens and insects for many plants. Stilbenoids are mostly found in berries and fruits but can also be found in other types of plants, such as mosses and ferns. This review outlined prior research on pinosylvin, including its sources, the technologies used for its extraction, purification, identification, and characterization, its biological and pharmacological properties, and its toxicity. The collected data on pinosylvin was managed using different scientific research databases such as PubMed, SciFinder, SpringerLink, ScienceDirect, Wiley Online, Google Scholar, Web of Science, and Scopus. In this study, the findings focused on pinosylvin to understand its pharmacological and biological activities as well as its chemical characterization to explore its potential therapeutic approaches for the development of novel drugs. This analysis demonstrated that pinosylvin has beneficial effects for various therapeutic purposes such as antifungal, antibacterial, anticancer, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, neuroprotective, anti-allergic, and other biological functions. It has shown numerous and diverse actions through its ability to block, interfere, and/or stimulate the major cellular targets responsible for several disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saad Bakrim
- Molecular Engineering, Valorization and Environment Team, Polydisciplinary Faculty of Taroudant, Ibn Zohr University, Agadir B.P. 32/S, Morocco;
| | - Hamza Machate
- Laboratory of Biotechnology, Environment, Agri-Food and Health (LBEAS), Faculty of Sciences, University Sidi Mohamed Ben Abdellah (USMBA), Fez B.P. 1796, Morocco;
| | - Taoufiq Benali
- Environment and Health Team, Polydisciplinary Faculty of Safi, Cadi Ayyad University, Sidi Bouzid B.P. 4162, Morocco;
| | - Nargis Sahib
- Laboratoire d’Amélioration des Productions Agricoles, Biotechnologie et Environnement (LAPABE), Faculté des Sciences, Mohammed Premier University, Oujda 60000, Morocco;
| | - Imane Jaouadi
- Laboratory of Organic Chemistry, Catalysis and Environment, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, Ibn Tofail University, B.P.:133, Kenitra 14000, Morocco;
| | - Nasreddine El Omari
- Laboratory of Histology, Embryology, and Cytogenetic, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, Mohammed V University in Rabat, Rabat 10100, Morocco;
| | - Sara Aboulaghras
- Physiology and Physiopathology Team, Faculty of Sciences, Genomic of Human Pathologies Research, Mohammed V University in Rabat, Rabat 10100, Morocco;
| | - Sneh Punia Bangar
- Department of Food, Nutrition and Packaging Sciences, Clemson University, Clemson, SC 29634, USA;
| | - José Manuel Lorenzo
- Centro Tecnológico de la Carne de Galicia, Rúa Galicia Nº 4, Parque Tecnológico de Galicia, San Cibrao das Viñas, 32900 Ourense, Spain;
- Facultade de Ciencias, Universidade de Vigo, Área de Tecnoloxía dos Alimentos, 32004 Ourense, Spain
| | - Gokhan Zengin
- Department of Biology, Science Faculty, Selcuk University, Konya 42130, Turkey;
| | - Domenico Montesano
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Naples Federico II, Via D. Montesano 49, 80131 Naples, Italy;
| | - Monica Gallo
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnology, University of Naples Federico II, Via Pansini, 5, 80131 Naples, Italy
- Correspondence: (M.G.); (A.B.)
| | - Abdelhakim Bouyahya
- Laboratory of Human Pathologies Biology, Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Mohammed V University in Rabat, Rabat 10100, Morocco
- Correspondence: (M.G.); (A.B.)
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Using Milk Thistle (Silybum marianum) Extract to Improve the Welfare, Growth Performance and Meat Quality of Broiler Chicken. Animals (Basel) 2022; 12:ani12091085. [PMID: 35565511 PMCID: PMC9104408 DOI: 10.3390/ani12091085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2022] [Revised: 04/15/2022] [Accepted: 04/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary The latest trends in livestock husbandry and breeding are directed towards expanding production, which includes the use of natural products, such as herbs, in animal nutrition. The aim of the study was to determine the effects of an aqueous solution of milk thistle administered at chosen concentrations on the welfare, production results, selected physicochemical properties of the breast muscles, the activity of selected enzymes, and the antioxidant potential of the blood serum and breast muscles of broiler chickens. On the basis of the obtained results, it was found that both concentration levels of the milk thistle extract showed a significant effect on some of the growth performance, antioxidant capacity in the blood serum, and in pectoral muscle and welfare. Abstract Modern poultry production looks for feed and water additives that improve the welfare of chickens. The utilization of herbs as additives in feed or drinking water is becoming increasingly well known. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of milk thistle extract (Silybum marianum), administered in drinking water, on chickens’ welfare, production results, selected physicochemical properties of the breast muscles, the activity of selected enzymes, and the antioxidant potential of blood serum and breast muscles. A total of 102 one-day-old male ROSS 308 chicks were allocated into three treatment groups. The material was an infusion of dried milk thistle seeds in two doses, administered in drinking water for chickens (group: C = 0; E1 = 0.24; E2 = 0.36 g/day/animal) under standard rearing conditions. As a result of adding the milk thistle to the drinking water, there was an improvement in the welfare of the chickens and in the production results, enzymatic capacity of selected enzymes, and antioxidant capacity in the blood serum and in pectoral muscle (p ≤ 0.05). The addition of a milk thistle seed infusion for chickens can be used in poultry production to improve the rearing performance antioxidant capacity and welfare of chickens.
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Isolation and Characterization of a Flavonoid and a Neolignan from
Silybum marianum
: In‐vitro Cytotoxic Evaluation. ChemistrySelect 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.202200502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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Jiang G, Sun C, Wang X, Mei J, Li C, Zhan H, Liao Y, Zhu Y, Mao J. Hepatoprotective mechanism of Silybum marianum on nonalcoholic fatty liver disease based on network pharmacology and experimental verification. Bioengineered 2022; 13:5216-5235. [PMID: 35170400 PMCID: PMC8974060 DOI: 10.1080/21655979.2022.2037374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2021] [Revised: 01/17/2022] [Accepted: 01/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The study aimed to identify the key active components in Silybum marianum (S. marianum) and determine how they protect against nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). TCMSP, DisGeNET, UniProt databases, and Venny 2.1 software were used to identify 11 primary active components, 92 candidate gene targets, and 30 core hepatoprotective gene targets in this investigation, respectively. The PPI network was built using a string database and Cytoscape 3.7.2. The KEGG pathway and GO biological process enrichment, biological annotation, as well as the identified hepatoprotective core gene targets were analyzed using the Metascape database. The effect of silymarin on NAFLD was determined using H&E on pathological alterations in liver tissues. The levels of liver function were assessed using biochemical tests. Western blot experiments were used to observe the proteins that were expressed in the associated signaling pathways on the hepatoprotective effect, which the previous network pharmacology predicted. According to the KEGG enrichment study, there are 35 hepatoprotective signaling pathways. GO enrichment analysis revealed that 61 biological processes related to the hepatoprotective effect of S. marianum were identified, which mainly involved in response to regulation of biological process and immune system process. Silymarin was the major ingredient derived from S. marianum, which exhibited the hepatoprotective effect by reducing the levels of ALT, AST, TC, TG, HDL-C, LDL-C, decreasing protein expressions of IL-6, MAPK1, Caspase 3, p53, VEGFA, increasing protein expression of AKT1. The present study provided new sights and a possible explanation for the molecular mechanisms of S. marianum against NAFLD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guoyan Jiang
- Department of Emergency, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Chunhong Sun
- Department of Emergency, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Xiaodong Wang
- Chongqing Medical and Pharmaceutical College, School of Clinical medicine, Chongqing, China
| | - Jie Mei
- Department of periodontal, Stomatological Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Chen Li
- Department of Biology, Chemistry, Pharmacy, Free University of Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Honghong Zhan
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yixuan Liao
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yongjun Zhu
- Department of Orthopedics, The Ninth People’s Hospital of Chongqing, Chongqing, China
| | - Jingxin Mao
- Chongqing Medical and Pharmaceutical College, School of Clinical medicine, Chongqing, China
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
- College of Basic Medical Science, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
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Krepkova LV, Babenko AN, Saybel' OL, Lupanova IA, Kuzina OS, Job KM, Sherwin CM, Enioutina EY. Valuable Hepatoprotective Plants - How Can We Optimize Waste Free Uses of Such Highly Versatile Resources? Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:738504. [PMID: 34867345 PMCID: PMC8637540 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.738504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2021] [Accepted: 10/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Humans used plants for thousand of years as food, drugs, or fuel to keep homes warm. People commonly used fruits and roots, and other parts of the plant were often wasted. This review aims to discuss the potential of rational stem-to-stern use of three highly versatile and valuable plants with hepatoprotective properties. Milk thistle (Silybum marianum L. Gaertn.), artichoke (Cynara cardunculus), and chicory (Cichorium intybus L.) have well-characterized hepatoprotective properties. These plants have been chosen since liver diseases are significant diseases of concern worldwide, and all parts of plants can be potentially utilized. Artichoke and chicory are commonly used as food or dietary supplements and less often as phytodrugs. Various dietary supplements and phytodrugs prepared from milk thistle (MT) fruits/seeds are well-known to consumers as remedies supporting liver functions. However, using these plants as functional food, farm animal feed, is not well-described in the literature. We also discuss bioactive constituents present in various parts of these plants, their pharmacological properties. Distinct parts of MT, artichoke, and chicory can be used to prepare remedies and food for humans and animals. Unused plant parts are potentially wasted. To achieve waste-free use of these and many other plants, the scientific community needs to analyze the complex use of plants and propose strategies for waste-free technologies. The government must stimulate companies to utilize by-products. Another problem associated with plant use as a food or source of phytodrug is the overharvesting of wild plants. Consequently, there is a need to use more active cultivation techniques for plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lubov V Krepkova
- Center of Medicine, All-Russian Research Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants (VILAR), Moscow, Russia
| | - Aleksandra N Babenko
- Center of Medicine, All-Russian Research Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants (VILAR), Moscow, Russia
| | - Olga L Saybel'
- Center of Medicine, All-Russian Research Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants (VILAR), Moscow, Russia
| | - Irina A Lupanova
- Center of Medicine, All-Russian Research Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants (VILAR), Moscow, Russia
| | - Olga S Kuzina
- Center of Medicine, All-Russian Research Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants (VILAR), Moscow, Russia
| | - Kathleen M Job
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT, United States
| | - Catherine M Sherwin
- Department of Pediatrics, Boonshoft School of Medicine, Dayton Children's Hospital, Wright State University, Dayton, OH, United States
| | - Elena Y Enioutina
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT, United States.,Department of Pharmaceutics & Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, United States
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Evaluation of variability of silymarin complex in Silybi mariani fructus harvested during two production years. EUROPEAN PHARMACEUTICAL JOURNAL 2021. [DOI: 10.2478/afpuc-2020-0023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Milk thistle [Silybum marianum (L.) Gaertn.], a member of Asteraceae family, is one of the most cultivated medicinal plants widespread throughout the world. The pharmacological drug is a ripe fruit without pappus – Silybi mariani fructus – containing flavonolignans and generating silymarin complex. In folk medicine, it is used for the treatment of liver disorders, kidney problems, rheumatism as well as gastronomic disturbances, cardiac and neurotic disorders, and fever. The components of silymarin complex are useful in cancer prevention and treatment. The aim of the study was to determine the amount of silymarin complex contained in the fruit of the harvest of two consecutive years and how much they differ from one another. Representative samples of fruit were collected in 2015 and 2016 and distributed by a company Agrofos (Slovakia). Regarding the analytical method, we used a high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC); the method was approved by the European Pharmacopoeia 10. The statistical significance was on the level P < 0.05. The total content of silymarin complex was 15.28 ± 0.06 g.kg−1 (in 2015) and 16.65 ± 0.09 g.kg−1 (in 2016). In both studied years, the highest representation of silybin B was observed (7.04 ± 0.07 g.kg−1 versus 5.92 ± 0.08 g.kg−1). The differences between the individual fractions of the silymarin complex were statistically significant. There was also a significant difference of 9% in the total silymarin content between 2015 and 2016. In conclusion, we can state that both samples of Silybi mariani fructus meet the requirements of the European Pharmacopoeia.
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Zhao ZW, Chang HC, Ching H, Lien JC, Huang HC, Wu CR. Antioxidant Effects and Phytochemical Properties of Seven Taiwanese Cirsium Species Extracts. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26133935. [PMID: 34203213 PMCID: PMC8272034 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26133935] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2021] [Revised: 06/25/2021] [Accepted: 06/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
In the present investigation, we compared the radical-scavenging activities and phenolic contents of seven Taiwanese Cirsium species with a spectrophotometric method. We further analyzed their phytochemical profiles with high-performance liquid chromatography–photodiode array detection (HPLC–DAD). We found that the flower part of Cirsium japonicum var. australe (CJF) showed the best radical-scavenging activities against 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), 2,2′-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) (ABTS), and the hypochlorite ion, for which the equivalents were 6.44 ± 0.17 mg catechin/g, 54.85 ± 0.66 mmol Trolox/g and 418.69 ± 10.52 mmol Trolox/g respectively. CJF also had the highest contents of total phenolics (5.23 ± 0.20 mg catechin/g) and phenylpropanoids (29.73 ± 0.72 mg verbascoside/g). According to the Pearson’s correlation coefficient, there was a positive correlation between the total phenylpropanoid content and ABTS radical-scavenging activities (r = 0.979). The radical-scavenging activities of the phenylpropanoids are closely related to their reducing power (r = 0.986). HPLC chromatograms obtained in validated HPLC conditions confirm that they have different phytochemical profiles by which they can be distinguished. Only CJF contained silicristin (0.66 ± 0.03 mg/g) and silydianin (9.13 ± 0.30 mg/g). CJF contained the highest contents of apigenin (5.56 ± 0.09 mg/g) and diosmetin (2.82 ± 0.10 mg/g). Among the major constituents, silicristin had the best radical-scavenging activities against DPPH (71.68 ± 0.66 mg catechin/g) and ABTS (3.01 ± 0.01 mmol Trolox/g). However, diosmetin had the best reducing power and radical-scavenging activity against the hypochlorite anion (41.57 ± 1.14 mg mmol Trolox/g). Finally, we found that flavonolignans (especial silicristin and silydianin) and diosmetin acted synergistically in scavenging radicals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zi-Wei Zhao
- The Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 701, Taiwan;
| | - Hung-Chi Chang
- Department of Golden-Ager Industry Management, College of Management, Chaoyang University of Technology, Taichung 413, Taiwan;
| | - Hui Ching
- Department of Pharmacy, Taichung Hospital, Ministry of Health and Welfare, Taichung 404, Taiwan;
| | - Jin-Cherng Lien
- School of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Taichung 404, Taiwan;
| | - Hui-Chi Huang
- Department of Chinese Pharmaceutical Sciences and Chinese Medicine Resources, College of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Taichung 404, Taiwan;
| | - Chi-Rei Wu
- Department of Chinese Pharmaceutical Sciences and Chinese Medicine Resources, College of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Taichung 404, Taiwan;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +886-4-2205-3366 (ext. 5506)
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Cui S, Pan XJ, Ge CL, Guo YT, Zhang PF, Yan TT, Zhou JY, He QX, Cheng LH, Wang GJ, Hao HP, Wang H. Silybin alleviates hepatic lipid accumulation in methionine-choline deficient diet-induced nonalcoholic fatty liver disease in mice via peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor α. Chin J Nat Med 2021; 19:401-411. [PMID: 34092291 DOI: 10.1016/s1875-5364(21)60039-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is regarded as the most common liver disease with no approved therapeutic drug currently. Silymarin, an extract from the seeds of Silybum marianum, has been used for centuries for the treatment of various liver diseases. Although the hepatoprotective effect of silybin against NAFLD is widely accepted, the underlying mechanism and therapeutic target remain unclear. In this study, NAFLD mice caused by methionine-choline deficient (MCD) diet were orally administrated with silybin to explore the possible mechanism and target. To clarify the contribution of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor α (PPARα), PPARα antagonist GW6471 was co-administrated with silybin to NAFLD mice. Since silybin was proven as a PPARα partial agonist, the combined effect of silybin with PPARα agonist, fenofibrate, was then evaluated in NAFLD mice. Serum and liver samples were collected to analyze the pharmacological efficacy and expression of PPARα and its targets. As expected, silybin significantly protected mice from MCD-induced NAFLD. Furthermore, silybin reduced lipid accumulation via activating PPARα, inducing the expression of liver cytosolic fatty acid-binding protein, carnitine palmitoyltransferase (Cpt)-1a, Cpt-2, medium chain acyl-CoA dehydrogenase and stearoyl-CoA desaturase-1, and suppressing fatty acid synthase and acetyl-CoA carboxylase α. GW6471 abolished the effect of silybin on PPARα signal and hepatoprotective effect against NAFLD. Moreover, as a partial agonist for PPARα, silybin impaired the powerful lipid-lowering effect of fenofibrate when used together. Taken together, silybin protected mice against NAFLD via activating PPARα to diminish lipid accumulation and it is not suggested to simultaneously take silybin and classical PPARα agonists for NAFLD therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuang Cui
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Key Laboratory of Drug Metabolism & Pharmacokinetics, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Xiao-Jie Pan
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Key Laboratory of Drug Metabolism & Pharmacokinetics, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Chao-Liang Ge
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Key Laboratory of Drug Metabolism & Pharmacokinetics, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China; Department of Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230022, China
| | - Yi-Tong Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Key Laboratory of Drug Metabolism & Pharmacokinetics, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Peng-Fei Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Key Laboratory of Drug Metabolism & Pharmacokinetics, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Ting-Ting Yan
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Key Laboratory of Drug Metabolism & Pharmacokinetics, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China; Laboratory of Metabolism, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Ji-Yu Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Key Laboratory of Drug Metabolism & Pharmacokinetics, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Qing-Xian He
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Key Laboratory of Drug Metabolism & Pharmacokinetics, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Long-Hao Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Key Laboratory of Drug Metabolism & Pharmacokinetics, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China; Department of Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230022, China
| | - Guang-Ji Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Key Laboratory of Drug Metabolism & Pharmacokinetics, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Hai-Ping Hao
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Key Laboratory of Drug Metabolism & Pharmacokinetics, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China.
| | - Hong Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Key Laboratory of Drug Metabolism & Pharmacokinetics, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China.
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Phospholipid and n-alkane composition, anti-α-glucosidase and anti-cyclooxygenase activities of milk thistle oil. Eur Food Res Technol 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s00217-021-03732-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Gomes VJ, Rezeck Nunes P, Haworth SM, Sandrim VC, Peraçoli JC, Peraçoli MTS, Carlström M. Monocytes from preeclamptic women previously treated with silibinin attenuate oxidative stress in human endothelial cells. Hypertens Pregnancy 2021; 40:124-132. [PMID: 33586558 DOI: 10.1080/10641955.2021.1884258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Objective: To investigate whether the supernatant from monocytes of preeclamptic and normotensive pregnant women, cultured in vitro with silibinin, can modulate oxidative stress in HUVEC.Methods: Concentrations of IL-1β, IL-10, and TNF-α in monocyte culture supernatants were determined by ELISA. HUVEC and their supernatant cultures were employed for determination of NO, nitrite and nitrate, lipid peroxidation, and hemeoxygenase-1 (HO-1).Results: HUVEC treatment with supernatant of preeclamptic monocytes cultured with silibinin produced increased levels of nitrite, reduced lipid peroxidation, and increased HO-1.Conclusion: Supernatant of monocytes from preeclamptic women induce oxidative stress in HUVEC which can be reduced by silibinin treatment.Abbreviations: DAF-FMTM, Diaminofluorescein-FM; EDTA, Ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid; HO-1, heme oxygenase-1; HPLC, high-performance liquid chromatography; HUVEC, human umbilical vein endothelial cell; MDA, malondialdehyde; NO, nitric oxide; NT, normotensive; PE, preeclampsia; ROS, reactive oxygen species; Sb, silibinin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Virgínia Juliani Gomes
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Botucatu Medical School, Sao Paulo State University (Unesp), Botucatu, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Priscila Rezeck Nunes
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Botucatu Medical School, Sao Paulo State University (Unesp), Botucatu, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Sarah McCann Haworth
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Valéria Cristina Sandrim
- Department of Biological and Chemical Sciences, Institute of Biosciences of Botucatu, Sao Paulo State University (Unesp), Botucatu, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - José Carlos Peraçoli
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Botucatu Medical School, Sao Paulo State University (Unesp), Botucatu, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Maria Terezinha S Peraçoli
- Department of Biological and Chemical Sciences, Institute of Biosciences of Botucatu, Sao Paulo State University (Unesp), Botucatu, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Mattias Carlström
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
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