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Rawani NS, Chan AW, Dursun SM, Baker GB. The Underlying Neurobiological Mechanisms of Psychosis: Focus on Neurotransmission Dysregulation, Neuroinflammation, Oxidative Stress, and Mitochondrial Dysfunction. Antioxidants (Basel) 2024; 13:709. [PMID: 38929148 PMCID: PMC11200831 DOI: 10.3390/antiox13060709] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2024] [Revised: 05/16/2024] [Accepted: 05/28/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Psychosis, defined as a set of symptoms that results in a distorted sense of reality, is observed in several psychiatric disorders in addition to schizophrenia. This paper reviews the literature relevant to the underlying neurobiology of psychosis. The dopamine hypothesis has been a major influence in the study of the neurochemistry of psychosis and in development of antipsychotic drugs. However, it became clear early on that other factors must be involved in the dysfunction involved in psychosis. In the current review, it is reported how several of these factors, namely dysregulation of neurotransmitters [dopamine, serotonin, glutamate, and γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA)], neuroinflammation, glia (microglia, astrocytes, and oligodendrocytes), the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis, the gut microbiome, oxidative stress, and mitochondrial dysfunction contribute to psychosis and interact with one another. Research on psychosis has increased knowledge of the complexity of psychotic disorders. Potential new pharmacotherapies, including combinations of drugs (with pre- and probiotics in some cases) affecting several of the factors mentioned above, have been suggested. Similarly, several putative biomarkers, particularly those related to the immune system, have been proposed. Future research on both pharmacotherapy and biomarkers will require better-designed studies conducted on an all stages of psychotic disorders and must consider confounders such as sex differences and comorbidity.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Glen B. Baker
- Neurochemical Research Unit and Bebensee Schizophrenia Research Unit, Department of Psychiatry and Neuroscience and Mental Health Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2G3, Canada; (N.S.R.); (A.W.C.); (S.M.D.)
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Lee J, Xue X, Au E, McIntyre WB, Asgariroozbehani R, Panganiban K, Tseng GC, Papoulias M, Smith E, Monteiro J, Shah D, Maksyutynska K, Cavalier S, Radoncic E, Prasad F, Agarwal SM, Mccullumsmith R, Freyberg Z, Logan RW, Hahn MK. Glucose dysregulation in antipsychotic-naive first-episode psychosis: in silico exploration of gene expression signatures. Transl Psychiatry 2024; 14:19. [PMID: 38199991 PMCID: PMC10781725 DOI: 10.1038/s41398-023-02716-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2022] [Revised: 12/10/2023] [Accepted: 12/14/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Antipsychotic (AP)-naive first-episode psychosis (FEP) patients display early dysglycemia, including insulin resistance and prediabetes. Metabolic dysregulation may therefore be intrinsic to psychosis spectrum disorders (PSDs), independent of the metabolic effects of APs. However, the potential biological pathways that overlap between PSDs and dysglycemic states remain to be identified. Using meta-analytic approaches of transcriptomic datasets, we investigated whether AP-naive FEP patients share overlapping gene expression signatures with non-psychiatrically ill early dysglycemia individuals. We meta-analyzed peripheral transcriptomic datasets of AP-naive FEP patients and non-psychiatrically ill early dysglycemia subjects to identify common gene expression signatures. Common signatures underwent pathway enrichment analysis and were then used to identify potential new pharmacological compounds via Integrative Library of Integrated Network-Based Cellular Signatures (iLINCS). Our search results yielded 5 AP-naive FEP studies and 4 early dysglycemia studies which met inclusion criteria. We discovered that AP-naive FEP and non-psychiatrically ill subjects exhibiting early dysglycemia shared 221 common signatures, which were enriched for pathways related to endoplasmic reticulum stress and abnormal brain energetics. Nine FDA-approved drugs were identified as potential drug treatments, of which the antidiabetic metformin, the first-line treatment for type 2 diabetes, has evidence to attenuate metabolic dysfunction in PSDs. Taken together, our findings support shared gene expression changes and biological pathways associating PSDs with dysglycemic disorders. These data suggest that the pathobiology of PSDs overlaps and potentially contributes to dysglycemia. Finally, we find that metformin may be a potential treatment for early metabolic dysfunction intrinsic to PSDs.
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Grants
- R01 DK124219 NIDDK NIH HHS
- R01 HL150432 NHLBI NIH HHS
- R01 MH107487 NIMH NIH HHS
- R01 MH121102 NIMH NIH HHS
- Holds the Meighen Family Chair in Psychosis Prevention, the Cardy Schizophrenia Research Chair, a Danish Diabetes Academy Professorship, a Steno Diabetes Center Fellowship, and a U of T Academic Scholar Award, and is funded by operating grants from the Canadian Institutes of Health Research (CIHR), the Banting and Best Diabetes Center, the Miners Lamp U of T award, CIHR and Canadian Psychiatric Association Glenda MacQueen Memorial Award, and the PSI Foundation.
- Hilda and William Courtney Clayton Paediatric Research Fund and Dr. LG Rao/Industrial Partners Graduate Student Award from the University of Toronto, and Meighen Family Chair in Psychosis Prevention
- U.S. Department of Health & Human Services | NIH | National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (NHLBI)
- UofT | Banting and Best Diabetes Centre, University of Toronto (BBDC)
- Canadian Institutes of Health Research (CIHR) Canada Graduate Scholarship-Master’s program
- Cleghorn Award
- University of Toronto (UofT)
- Centre for Addiction and Mental Health (Centre de Toxicomanie et de Santé Mentale)
- U.S. Department of Health & Human Services | NIH | National Institute of Mental Health (NIMH)
- U.S. Department of Health & Human Services | NIH | National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (National Institute of Diabetes & Digestive & Kidney Diseases)
- U.S. Department of Defense (United States Department of Defense)
- Commonwealth of Pennsylvania Formula Fund, The Pittsburgh Foundation
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiwon Lee
- Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Xiangning Xue
- Department of Biostatistics, Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Emily Au
- Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - William B McIntyre
- Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Roshanak Asgariroozbehani
- Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Kristoffer Panganiban
- Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - George C Tseng
- Department of Biostatistics, Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | | | - Emily Smith
- Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | | | - Divia Shah
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Kateryna Maksyutynska
- Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Samantha Cavalier
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Emril Radoncic
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Femin Prasad
- Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Sri Mahavir Agarwal
- Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Robert Mccullumsmith
- Department of Neurosciences, University of Toledo, Toledo, OH, USA
- ProMedica, Toledo, OH, USA
| | - Zachary Freyberg
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Ryan W Logan
- Department of Neurobiology, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA, USA
- Department of Pharmacology, Physiology & Biophysics, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Margaret K Hahn
- Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.
- Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, ON, Canada.
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.
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3
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Ceylan D, Karacicek B, Tufekci KU, Aksahin IC, Senol SH, Genc S. Mitochondrial DNA oxidation, methylation, and copy number alterations in major and bipolar depression. Front Psychiatry 2023; 14:1304660. [PMID: 38161720 PMCID: PMC10755902 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2023.1304660] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2023] [Accepted: 11/20/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Mood disorders are common disabling psychiatric disorders caused by both genetic and environmental factors. Mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) modifications and epigenetics are promising areas of research in depression since mitochondrial dysfunction has been associated with depression. In this study we aimed to investigate the mtDNA changes in depressive disorder (MDD) and bipolar disorder (BD). Methods Displacement loop methylation (D-loop-met), relative mtDNA copy number (mtDNA-cn) and mtDNA oxidation (mtDNA-oxi) were investigated in DNA samples of individuals with MDD (n = 34), BD (n = 23), and healthy controls (HC; n = 40) using the Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction (RT-PCR). Blood samples were obtained from a subset of individuals with MDD (n = 15) during a depressive episode (baseline) and after remission (8th week). Results The study groups exhibited significant differences in D-loop-met (p = 0.020), while relative mtDNA-cn and mtDNA-oxi showed comparable results. During the remission phase (8th week), there were lower levels of relative mtDNA-cn (Z = -2.783, p = 0.005) and D-loop-met (Z = -3.180, p = 0.001) compared to the acute MDD baseline, with no significant change in mtDNA-oxi levels (Z = -1.193, p = 0.233). Conclusion Our findings indicate significantly increased D-loop methylation in MDD compared to BD and HCs, suggesting distinct mtDNA modifications in these conditions. Moreover, the observed alterations in relative mtDNA-cn and D-loop-met during remission suggest a potential role of mtDNA alterations in the pathophysiology of MDD. Future studies may provide valuable insights into the dynamics of mtDNA modifications in both disorders and their response to treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deniz Ceylan
- Affective Laboratory, Koç University Research Center for Translational Medicine, Istanbul, Türkiye
- Department of Psychiatry, Koç University Hospital, Istanbul, Türkiye
| | - Bilge Karacicek
- Izmir Biomedicine and Genome Center, Genç Lab, Izmir, Türkiye
| | - Kemal Ugur Tufekci
- Brain and Neuroscience Research and Application Center, Izmir Demokrasi University, Izmir, Türkiye
- Vocational School of Health Services, Izmir Democracy University, Izmir, Türkiye
| | - Izel Cemre Aksahin
- Affective Laboratory, Koç University Research Center for Translational Medicine, Istanbul, Türkiye
- Graduate School of Health Sciences, Koç University, Istanbul, Türkiye
| | - Sevin Hun Senol
- Department of Psychiatry, Koç University Hospital, Istanbul, Türkiye
| | - Sermin Genc
- Izmir Biomedicine and Genome Center, Genç Lab, Izmir, Türkiye
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Xu K, Zhou X, Ren Y, Zhao S, Feng J, Zhang H, Zhong Q, Wu W, Chen J, Xie P. IDH2/PPARγ pathway as a novel diagnostic biomarker panel for schizophrenia. Asian J Psychiatr 2023; 89:103788. [PMID: 37757538 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajp.2023.103788] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2023] [Revised: 09/19/2023] [Accepted: 09/22/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Ke Xu
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China; National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Treatment on Brain Functional Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Xinyu Zhou
- Department of Psychiatry, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Yi Ren
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China; National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Treatment on Brain Functional Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Shuang Zhao
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Infectious Diseases, Ministry of Education, Institute for Viral Hepatitis, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400010, China; Lab of Stem Cell and Tissue Engineering, Department of Histology and Embryology, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Jinzhou Feng
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Hanping Zhang
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China; National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Treatment on Brain Functional Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Qi Zhong
- Institute of Life Sciences, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Wentao Wu
- Institute of Life Sciences, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Jianjun Chen
- Institute of Life Sciences, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Peng Xie
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China; National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Treatment on Brain Functional Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
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Khanra S, Reddy P, Giménez-Palomo A, Park CHJ, Panizzutti B, McCallum M, Arumugham SS, Umesh S, Debnath M, Das B, Venkatasubramanian G, Ashton M, Turner A, Dean OM, Walder K, Vieta E, Yatham LN, Pacchiarotti I, Reddy YCJ, Goyal N, Kesavan M, Colomer L, Berk M, Kim JH. Metabolic regulation to treat bipolar depression: mechanisms and targeting by trimetazidine. Mol Psychiatry 2023; 28:3231-3242. [PMID: 37386057 PMCID: PMC10618096 DOI: 10.1038/s41380-023-02134-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2023] [Revised: 05/14/2023] [Accepted: 06/13/2023] [Indexed: 07/01/2023]
Abstract
Bipolar disorder's core feature is the pathological disturbances in mood, often accompanied by disrupted thinking and behavior. Its complex and heterogeneous etiology implies that a range of inherited and environmental factors are involved. This heterogeneity and poorly understood neurobiology pose significant challenges to existing drug development paradigms, resulting in scarce treatment options, especially for bipolar depression. Therefore, novel approaches are needed to discover new treatment options. In this review, we first highlight the main molecular mechanisms known to be associated with bipolar depression-mitochondrial dysfunction, inflammation and oxidative stress. We then examine the available literature for the effects of trimetazidine in said alterations. Trimetazidine was identified without a priori hypothesis using a gene-expression signature for the effects of a combination of drugs used to treat bipolar disorder and screening a library of off-patent drugs in cultured human neuronal-like cells. Trimetazidine is used to treat angina pectoris for its cytoprotective and metabolic effects (improved glucose utilization for energy production). The preclinical and clinical literature strongly support trimetazidine's potential to treat bipolar depression, having anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties while normalizing mitochondrial function only when it is compromised. Further, trimetazidine's demonstrated safety and tolerability provide a strong rationale for clinical trials to test its efficacy to treat bipolar depression that could fast-track its repurposing to address such an unmet need as bipolar depression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sourav Khanra
- Department of Psychiatry, Central Institute of Psychiatry, Ranchi, Jharkhand, India
| | - Preethi Reddy
- Department of Psychiatry, National Institute of Mental Health and Neuro Sciences (NIMHANS), Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
| | - Anna Giménez-Palomo
- Bipolar and Depressive Disorders Unit, Hospital Clínic, University of Barcelona, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Mental Health Biomedical Research Networking Center (CIBERSAM), Madrid, Spain
| | - Chun Hui J Park
- IMPACT, The Institute for Mental and Physical Health and Clinical Translation, School of Medicine, Deakin University, Geelong, VIC, Australia
| | - Bruna Panizzutti
- IMPACT, The Institute for Mental and Physical Health and Clinical Translation, School of Medicine, Deakin University, Geelong, VIC, Australia
| | - Madeleine McCallum
- IMPACT, The Institute for Mental and Physical Health and Clinical Translation, School of Medicine, Deakin University, Geelong, VIC, Australia
| | - Shyam Sundar Arumugham
- Department of Psychiatry, National Institute of Mental Health and Neuro Sciences (NIMHANS), Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
| | - Shreekantiah Umesh
- Department of Psychiatry, Central Institute of Psychiatry, Ranchi, Jharkhand, India
| | - Monojit Debnath
- Department of Human Genetics, NIMHANS, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
| | - Basudeb Das
- Department of Psychiatry, Central Institute of Psychiatry, Ranchi, Jharkhand, India
| | - Ganesan Venkatasubramanian
- Department of Psychiatry, National Institute of Mental Health and Neuro Sciences (NIMHANS), Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
| | - Melanie Ashton
- IMPACT, The Institute for Mental and Physical Health and Clinical Translation, School of Medicine, Deakin University, Geelong, VIC, Australia
| | - Alyna Turner
- IMPACT, The Institute for Mental and Physical Health and Clinical Translation, School of Medicine, Deakin University, Geelong, VIC, Australia
| | - Olivia M Dean
- IMPACT, The Institute for Mental and Physical Health and Clinical Translation, School of Medicine, Deakin University, Geelong, VIC, Australia
- Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Ken Walder
- IMPACT, The Institute for Mental and Physical Health and Clinical Translation, School of Medicine, Deakin University, Geelong, VIC, Australia
| | - Eduard Vieta
- Bipolar and Depressive Disorders Unit, Hospital Clínic, University of Barcelona, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Mental Health Biomedical Research Networking Center (CIBERSAM), Madrid, Spain
| | - Lakshmi N Yatham
- Department of Psychiatry, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Isabella Pacchiarotti
- Bipolar and Depressive Disorders Unit, Hospital Clínic, University of Barcelona, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Mental Health Biomedical Research Networking Center (CIBERSAM), Madrid, Spain
| | - Y C Janardhan Reddy
- Department of Psychiatry, National Institute of Mental Health and Neuro Sciences (NIMHANS), Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
| | - Nishant Goyal
- Department of Psychiatry, Central Institute of Psychiatry, Ranchi, Jharkhand, India
| | - Muralidharan Kesavan
- Department of Psychiatry, National Institute of Mental Health and Neuro Sciences (NIMHANS), Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
| | - Lluc Colomer
- Bipolar and Depressive Disorders Unit, Hospital Clínic, University of Barcelona, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Mental Health Biomedical Research Networking Center (CIBERSAM), Madrid, Spain
| | - Michael Berk
- IMPACT, The Institute for Mental and Physical Health and Clinical Translation, School of Medicine, Deakin University, Geelong, VIC, Australia.
- Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia.
| | - Jee Hyun Kim
- IMPACT, The Institute for Mental and Physical Health and Clinical Translation, School of Medicine, Deakin University, Geelong, VIC, Australia.
- Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia.
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Więdłocha M, Zborowska N, Marcinowicz P, Dębowska W, Dębowska M, Zalewska A, Maciejczyk M, Waszkiewicz N, Szulc A. Oxidative Stress Biomarkers among Schizophrenia Inpatients. Brain Sci 2023; 13:brainsci13030490. [PMID: 36979300 PMCID: PMC10046541 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci13030490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2023] [Revised: 03/04/2023] [Accepted: 03/10/2023] [Indexed: 03/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Background. Finding the associations between schizophrenia symptoms and the biomarkers of inflammation, oxidative stress and the kynurenine pathway may lead to the individualization of treatment and increase its effectiveness. Methods. The study group included 82 schizophrenia inpatients. The Positive and Negative Symptoms Scale (PANSS), the Brief Assessment of Cognition in Schizophrenia (BACS) and the Calgary Depression in Schizophrenia Scale were used for symptom evaluation. Biochemical analyses included oxidative stress parameters and brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF). Results. Linear models revealed the following: (1) malondiadehyde (MDA), N-formylkynurenine (N-formKYN), advanced oxidation protein products (AOPP), advanced glycation end-products of proteins (AGE) and total oxidative status (TOS) levels are related to the PANSS-total score; (2) MDA, reduced glutathione (GSH) and BDNF levels are related to the PANSS-negative score; (3) TOS and kynurenine (KYN) levels are related to the PANSS-positive score; (4) levels of total antioxidant status (TAS) and AOPP along with the CDSS score are related to the BACS-total score; (5) TAS and N-formKYN levels are related to the BACS-working memory score. Conclusions. Oxidative stress biomarkers may be associated with the severity of schizophrenia symptoms in positive, negative and cognitive dimensions. The identification of biochemical markers associated with the specific symptom clusters may increase the understanding of biochemical profiles in schizophrenia patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magdalena Więdłocha
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Health Sciences, Medical University of Warsaw, 02-091 Warsaw, Poland; (N.Z.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Natalia Zborowska
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Health Sciences, Medical University of Warsaw, 02-091 Warsaw, Poland; (N.Z.)
| | - Piotr Marcinowicz
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Health Sciences, Medical University of Warsaw, 02-091 Warsaw, Poland; (N.Z.)
| | - Weronika Dębowska
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Health Sciences, Medical University of Warsaw, 02-091 Warsaw, Poland; (N.Z.)
| | - Marta Dębowska
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Health Sciences, Medical University of Warsaw, 02-091 Warsaw, Poland; (N.Z.)
| | - Anna Zalewska
- Experimental Dentistry Laboratory, Medical University of Bialystok, 15-089 Bialystok, Poland
| | - Mateusz Maciejczyk
- Department of Hygiene, Epidemiology and Ergonomics, Medical University of Bialystok, 15-089 Bialystok, Poland
| | - Napoleon Waszkiewicz
- Department of Psychiatry, Medical University of Bialystok, 16-070 Choroszcz, Poland
| | - Agata Szulc
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Health Sciences, Medical University of Warsaw, 02-091 Warsaw, Poland; (N.Z.)
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Links of platelet glutamate and glutathione metabolism with attenuated positive and negative symptoms in depressed patients at clinical high risk for psychosis. Eur Arch Psychiatry Clin Neurosci 2023; 273:157-168. [PMID: 35292857 DOI: 10.1007/s00406-022-01396-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2021] [Accepted: 03/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Aim of the study is to reveal clinical and biological correlations in patients with adolescent depression and attenuated psychotic symptoms. Activity of platelet enzymes involved in glutamate-, glutathione- and energy metabolism was evaluated in control group and in the patients, because these systems are suspected as related to pathogenesis of psychosis. Adolescents (78 men, 16-25 years old) hospitalized with the first acute depressive state composed two groups: with prevalence of attenuated psychotic positive or negative symptoms (Gr1 and Gr2, 48 and 30 patients, respectively). Control group comprised 20 mentally healthy men of 19-25 years old. Gr1 differed significantly from Gr2 in scores by the Scale of Prodromal Symptoms (SOPS) for positive symptoms, p < 0.001, for disorganization symptoms, p < 0.003, and for total SOPS score, p < 0.001, before the treatment started. When patients from either Gr1 or Gr2 were compared with the control group, significantly decreased baseline activities of platelet glutamate dehydrogenase (GDH), glutathione reductase (GR) and glutathione S-transferase (GST) were found (p < 0.0001). Different correlations were found between baseline enzymatic activities in Gr1 and Gr2: GDH activity correlated with GR activity in Gr1 (R = 0.37), and with GST activity in Gr2 (R = 0.70). Significant correlations were found only in Gr2 between the delta of scores by SOPS negative symptoms (SOPS-N) under treatment and baseline GDH, GST, and GR activities (R = - 0.36, R = - 0.60, and R = 0.38, respectively). The found correlations of the baseline enzymatic activity levels with the value of the decrease (delta) in SOPS-N scores under the treatment represent interest for the prediction of the pharmacotherapy efficiency.
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Sheridan SD, Horng JE, Perlis RH. Patient-Derived In Vitro Models of Microglial Function and Synaptic Engulfment in Schizophrenia. Biol Psychiatry 2022; 92:470-479. [PMID: 35232567 PMCID: PMC10039432 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopsych.2022.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2021] [Revised: 12/19/2021] [Accepted: 01/10/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Multiple lines of evidence implicate dysregulated microglia-mediated synaptic pruning in the pathophysiology of schizophrenia. In vitro human cellular studies represent a promising means of pursuing this hypothesis, complementing efforts with animal models and postmortem human data while addressing their limitations. The challenges in culturing homogeneous populations of cells derived from postmortem or surgical biopsy brain material from patients, and their limited availability, has led to a focus on differentiation of induced pluripotent stem cells. These methods too have limitations, in that they disrupt the epigenome and can demonstrate line-to-line variability due in part to extended time in culture, partial reprogramming, and/or residual epigenetic memory from the cell source, yielding large technical artifacts. Yet another strategy uses direct transdifferentiation of peripheral mononuclear blood cells, or umbilical cord blood cells, to microglia-like cells. Any of these approaches can be paired with patient-derived synaptosomes from differentiated neurons as a simpler alternative to co-culture. Patient-derived microglia models may facilitate identification of novel modulators of synaptic pruning and identification of biomarkers that may allow more targeted early interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steven D Sheridan
- Center for Genomic Medicine and Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts; Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Joy E Horng
- Center for Genomic Medicine and Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts; Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Roy H Perlis
- Center for Genomic Medicine and Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts; Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts.
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9
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Mohanty K, Mishra S, Dada R, Dada T. Mitochondrial Genome Alterations, Cytochrome C Oxidase Activity, and Oxidative Stress: Implications in Primary Open-angle Glaucoma. J Curr Glaucoma Pract 2022; 16:158-165. [PMID: 36793267 PMCID: PMC9905874 DOI: 10.5005/jp-journals-10078-1376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2021] [Accepted: 04/22/2022] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Aim To evaluate mitochondrial genome alterations, cytochrome c oxidase (COX) activity, and oxidative stress in primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG). Methodology Whole mitochondrial genome was screened in 75 POAG cases and 105 controls by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) sequencing. COX activity was measured from peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs). A protein modeling study was done to evaluate the impact of G222E variant on protein function. Levels of 8-hydroxy-2-deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG), 8-isoprostane (8-IP), and total antioxidant capacity (TAC) were also measured. Results A total of 156 and 79 mitochondrial nucleotide variations were found in the cohort of 75 POAG patients and 105 controls, respectively. Ninety-four (60.26%) variations spanned the coding region, and 62 (39.74%) variations spanned noncoding regions (D-loop, 12SrRNA, and 16SrRNA) of mitochondrial genome in POAG patients. Out of 94 nucleotide changes in coding region, 68 (72.34%) were synonymous changes, 23 (24.46%) non-synonymous, and three (3.19%) were found in the region coding for transfer ribonucleic acid (tRNA). Three changes (p.E192K in ND1, p.L128Q in ND2, and p.G222E in COX2) were found to be pathogenic. Twenty-four (32.0%) patients were positive for either of these pathogenic mitochondrial deoxyribonucleic acid (mtDNA) nucleotide changes. Majority of cases (18.7%) had pathogenic mutation in COX2 gene. Patients who harbored pathogenic mtDNA change in COX2 gene had significantly lower levels of COX activity (p < 0.0001) and TAC (p = 0.004), and higher levels of 8-IP (p = 0.01) as compared to patients who did not harbor this mtDNA. G222E changed the electrostatic potential and adversely impacted protein function of COX2 by affecting nonpolar interactions with neighboring subunits. Conclusion Pathogenic mtDNA mutations were present in POAG patients, which were associated with reduced COX activity and increased levels of oxidative stress. Clinical significance POAG patients should be evaluated for mitochondrial mutations and oxidative stress and may be managed accordingly with antioxidant therapies. How to cite this article Mohanty K, Mishra S, Dada R, et al. Mitochondrial Genome Alterations, Cytochrome C Oxidase Activity, and Oxidative Stress: Implications in Primary Open-angle Glaucoma. J Curr Glaucoma Pract 2022;16(3):158-165.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kuldeep Mohanty
- Department of Ophthalmology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Swetasmita Mishra
- Department of Anatomy, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Rima Dada
- Department of Anatomy, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Tanuj Dada
- Department of Ophthalmology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
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10
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Xu R, Song S, Liu C, Luo R, Gu W, Luo X, Wang J, Yang L, Chen R, Chen H, Wan Y, Hong X, Chen J, Wan X. CD 4 +, CD 8 + and CD 19 +cell surface antigen and abnormal mitochondria ultrastructure of peripheral blood P-type atypical lymphocytes in patients with schizophrenia. World J Biol Psychiatry 2022; 24:321-329. [PMID: 35950568 DOI: 10.1080/15622975.2022.2112073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/15/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE P-type atypical lymphocytes may play important roles in the aetiology and therapy of schizophrenia. However, there is merely a direct immunological characterisation of it. The aim of this study is to explore the surface antigens of these cells and their comparative ultrastructure in schizophrenia. METHODS We recruited 25 age-and gender-matched patients with unmedicated schizophrenia, other mental diseases and healthy individuals. Peripheral venous blood was smeared and stained. CD4+, CD8+ and CD19+ cell surface antigen- positive lymphocytes were purified using magnetic beads and prepared for light microscopy and electron microscopy. RESULTS The percentages of P-type atypical lymphocytes (34.53% ± 9.92%) were significantly higher (p < 0.0001) in schizophrenia than that of other mental diseases (9.79% ± 3.45%). These cells could present CD4+, CD8+ and CD19+ surface antigens. Their relative ultrastructure differed from that of normal lymphocytes, especially in mitochondria, which showed abundant, aggregated and quite irregular mitochondria; for example, slight dilation of the foci, swelling, degeneration, and even cavity. CONCLUSIONS P-type atypical lymphocytes could be found among CD4+, CD8+, and CD19 + lymphocytes with schizophrenia. Their abnormal ultrastructure of mitochondria implied that energy metabolism might play an important role in the aetiology of schizophrenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruihuan Xu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen, Guangdong, P. R. China Longgang District People's Hospital of Shenzhen, Shenzhen, P. R. China
| | - Shijun Song
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, Longgang District Maternal and Children Health Care Hospital of Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Caihong Liu
- Graduate School, Shenzhen Clinical Medical College, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangdong, China
| | - Ruibin Luo
- Graduate School, Beihua University School of Medicine, Jilin, China
| | - Wen Gu
- Department of Psychiatry, Kangning Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Xia Luo
- Department of Psychiatry, Kangning Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Jiajian Wang
- Shenzhen College of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Litao Yang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen, Guangdong, P. R. China Longgang District People's Hospital of Shenzhen, Shenzhen, P. R. China
| | - Ribing Chen
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen, Guangdong, P. R. China Longgang District People's Hospital of Shenzhen, Shenzhen, P. R. China
| | - Huixiong Chen
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen, Guangdong, P. R. China Longgang District People's Hospital of Shenzhen, Shenzhen, P. R. China
| | - Yanbin Wan
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen, Guangdong, P. R. China Longgang District People's Hospital of Shenzhen, Shenzhen, P. R. China
| | - Xiongxin Hong
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen, Guangdong, P. R. China Longgang District People's Hospital of Shenzhen, Shenzhen, P. R. China
| | - Jianxia Chen
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, Longgang Central Hospital of Shenzhen, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Xing Wan
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen, Guangdong, P. R. China Longgang District People's Hospital of Shenzhen, Shenzhen, P. R. China
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Ribeiro HC, Sen P, Dickens A, Santa Cruz EC, Orešič M, Sussulini A. Metabolomic and proteomic profiling in bipolar disorder patients revealed potential molecular signatures related to hemostasis. Metabolomics 2022; 18:65. [PMID: 35922643 DOI: 10.1007/s11306-022-01924-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2022] [Accepted: 07/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Bipolar disorder (BD) is a mood disorder characterized by the occurrence of depressive episodes alternating with episodes of elevated mood (known as mania). There is also an increased risk of other medical comorbidities. OBJECTIVES This work uses a systems biology approach to compare BD treated patients with healthy controls (HCs), integrating proteomics and metabolomics data using partial correlation analysis in order to observe the interactions between altered proteins and metabolites, as well as proposing a potential metabolic signature panel for the disease. METHODS Data integration between proteomics and metabolomics was performed using GC-MS data and label-free proteomics from the same individuals (N = 13; 5 BD, 8 HC) using generalized canonical correlation analysis and partial correlation analysis, and then building a correlation network between metabolites and proteins. Ridge-logistic regression models were developed to stratify between BD and HC groups using an extended metabolomics dataset (N = 28; 14 BD, 14 HC), applying a recursive feature elimination for the optimal selection of the metabolites. RESULTS Network analysis demonstrated links between proteins and metabolites, pointing to possible alterations in hemostasis of BD patients. Ridge-logistic regression model indicated a molecular signature comprising 9 metabolites, with an area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUROC) of 0.833 (95% CI 0.817-0.914). CONCLUSION From our results, we conclude that several metabolic processes are related to BD, which can be considered as a multi-system disorder. We also demonstrate the feasibility of partial correlation analysis for integration of proteomics and metabolomics data in a case-control study setting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Henrique Caracho Ribeiro
- Laboratory of Bioanalytics and Integrated Omics (LaBIOmics), Institute of Chemistry, University of Campinas, PO Box 6154, Campinas, SP, 13083-970, Brazil
- Turku Bioscience Centre, University of Turku and Åbo Akademi University, 20520, Turku, Finland
| | - Partho Sen
- Turku Bioscience Centre, University of Turku and Åbo Akademi University, 20520, Turku, Finland
- School of Medical Sciences, Örebro University, 702 81, Örebro, Sweden
| | - Alex Dickens
- Turku Bioscience Centre, University of Turku and Åbo Akademi University, 20520, Turku, Finland
- Department of Chemistry, University of Turku, 20520, Turku, Finland
| | - Elisa Castañeda Santa Cruz
- Laboratory of Bioanalytics and Integrated Omics (LaBIOmics), Institute of Chemistry, University of Campinas, PO Box 6154, Campinas, SP, 13083-970, Brazil
| | - Matej Orešič
- Turku Bioscience Centre, University of Turku and Åbo Akademi University, 20520, Turku, Finland
- School of Medical Sciences, Örebro University, 702 81, Örebro, Sweden
| | - Alessandra Sussulini
- Laboratory of Bioanalytics and Integrated Omics (LaBIOmics), Institute of Chemistry, University of Campinas, PO Box 6154, Campinas, SP, 13083-970, Brazil.
- Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia de Bioanalítica (INCTBio), Institute of Chemistry, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, SP, 13083-970, Brazil.
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12
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Goh XX, Tang PY, Tee SF. Blood-based oxidation markers in medicated and unmedicated schizophrenia patients: A meta-analysis. Asian J Psychiatr 2022; 67:102932. [PMID: 34839098 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajp.2021.102932] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2021] [Revised: 11/01/2021] [Accepted: 11/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Increased reactive species due to the effect of antipsychotics on oxidative stress may be involved in the development of schizophrenia. However, antipsychotics may have different direct antioxidant effects due to their chemical structures. The present meta-analysis aimed to investigate whether the cause increased oxidant status in schizophrenia patients is due to the illness or induction by antipsychotics. Studies published from 1964 to 2021 were selected from Pubmed and Scopus databases. Data were analysed using Comprehensive Meta-Analysis version 2. Effect sizes were calculated and compared between unmedicated and medicated patients and healthy controls. Heterogeneity and publication bias were assessed. Subgroup analyses were conducted on drug-free and drug-naïve patients, and patients treated with atypical and typical antipsychotics. We found that medicated patients had significantly higher malondialdehyde (MDA), thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) and total oxidant status (TOS). Meanwhile, significantly increased plasma/serum MDA and nitric oxide (NO) were observed in unmedicated patients only. Higher lipid peroxidation in the drug-naïve group may be associated schizophrenia. However, both atypical and typical antipsychotics may worsen lipid peroxidation. Antipsychotic discontinuation in the drug-free group led to significantly increased plasma/serum NO, with larger effect size than the atypical antipsychotic group. In conclusion, medicated schizophrenia patients were more suffered from increased oxidative stress. Therefore, future study may focus on the mechanism of action of specific antipsychotic on oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue Xin Goh
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Lee Kong Chian Faculty of Engineering and Science, Universiti Tunku Abdul Rahman, Bandar Sungai Long, Cheras, 43000 Kajang, Malaysia
| | - Pek Yee Tang
- Department of Mechatronics and Biomedical Engineering, Lee Kong Chian Faculty of Engineering and Science, Universiti Tunku Abdul Rahman, Bandar Sungai Long, Cheras, 43000 Kajang, Malaysia
| | - Shiau Foon Tee
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Lee Kong Chian Faculty of Engineering and Science, Universiti Tunku Abdul Rahman, Bandar Sungai Long, Cheras, 43000 Kajang, Malaysia.
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13
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The role of mitochondria in the pathophysiology of schizophrenia: A critical review of the evidence focusing on mitochondrial complex one. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2021; 132:449-464. [PMID: 34864002 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2021.11.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2021] [Revised: 11/30/2021] [Accepted: 11/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
There has been increasing interest in the role of mitochondrial dysfunction in the pathophysiology of schizophrenia. Mitochondrial complex one (MCI) dysfunction may represent a mechanism linking bioenergetic impairment with the alterations in dopamine signalling, glutamatergic dysfunction, and oxidative stress found in the disorder. New lines of evidence from novel approaches make it timely to review evidence for mitochondrial involvement in schizophrenia, with a specific focus on MCI. The most consistent findings in schizophrenia relative to controls are reductions in expression of MCI subunits in post-mortem brain tissue (Cohen's d> 0.8); reductions in MCI function in post-mortem brains (d> 0.7); and reductions in neural glucose utilisation (d= 0.3 to 0.6). Antipsychotics may affect glucose utilisation, and, at least in vitro, affect MC1. The findings overall are consistent with MCI dysfunction in schizophrenia, but also highlight the need for in vivo studies to determine the link between MCI dysfunction and symptoms in patients. If new imaging tools confirm MCI dysfunction in the disease, this could pave the way for new treatments targeting this enzyme.
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14
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Berry T, Abohamza E, Moustafa AA. Treatment-resistant schizophrenia: focus on the transsulfuration pathway. Rev Neurosci 2021; 31:219-232. [PMID: 31714892 DOI: 10.1515/revneuro-2019-0057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2019] [Accepted: 07/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Treatment-resistant schizophrenia (TRS) is a severe form of schizophrenia. The severity of illness is positively related to homocysteine levels, with high homocysteine levels due to the low activity of the transsulfuration pathway, which metabolizes homocysteine in synthesizing L-cysteine. Glutathione levels are low in schizophrenia, which indicates shortages of L-cysteine and low activity of the transsulfuration pathway. Hydrogen sulfide (H2S) levels are low in schizophrenia. H2S is synthesized by cystathionine β-synthase and cystathionine γ-lyase, which are the two enzymes in the transsulfuration pathway. Iron-sulfur proteins obtain sulfur from L-cysteine. The oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) pathway has various iron-sulfur proteins. With low levels of L-cysteine, iron-sulfur cluster formation will be dysregulated leading to deficits in OXPHOS in schizophrenia. Molybdenum cofactor (MoCo) synthesis requires sulfur, which is obtained from L-cysteine. With low levels of MoCo synthesis, molybdenum-dependent sulfite oxidase (SUOX) will not be synthesized at appropriate levels. SUOX detoxifies sulfite from sulfur-containing amino acids. If sulfites are not detoxified, there can be sulfite toxicity. The transsulfuration pathway metabolizes selenomethionine, whereby selenium from selenomethionine can be used for selenoprotein synthesis. The low activity of the transsulfuration pathway decreases selenoprotein synthesis. Glutathione peroxidase (GPX), with various GPXs being selenoprotein, is low in schizophrenia. The dysregulations of selenoproteins would lead to oxidant stress, which would increase the methylation of genes and histones leading to epigenetic changes in TRS. An add-on treatment to mainline antipsychotics is proposed for TRS that targets the dysregulations of the transsulfuration pathway and the dysregulations of other pathways stemming from the transsulfuration pathway being dysregulated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Berry
- School of Social Sciences and Psychology, Western Sydney University, Sydney 2751, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Eid Abohamza
- Department of Social Sciences, College of Arts and Sciences, Qatar University, P.O. Box 2713, Doha, Qatar
| | - Ahmed A Moustafa
- School of Social Sciences and Psychology, Western Sydney University, Sydney 2751, New South Wales, Australia.,Marcs Institute for Brain and Behaviour, Western Sydney University, Sydney 2751, New South Wales, Australia
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15
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Effect of Novel Antipsychotics on Energy Metabolism - In Vitro Study in Pig Brain Mitochondria. Mol Neurobiol 2021; 58:5548-5563. [PMID: 34365585 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-021-02498-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2021] [Accepted: 07/15/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
The identification and quantification of mitochondrial effects of novel antipsychotics (brexpiprazole, cariprazine, loxapine, and lurasidone) were studied in vitro in pig brain mitochondria. Selected parameters of mitochondrial metabolism, electron transport chain (ETC) complexes, citrate synthase (CS), malate dehydrogenase (MDH), monoamine oxidase (MAO), mitochondrial respiration, and total ATP and reactive oxygen species (ROS) production were evaluated and associated with possible adverse effects of drugs. All tested antipsychotics decreased the ETC activities (except for complex IV, which increased in activity after brexpiprazole and loxapine addition). Both complex I- and complex II-linked respiration were dose-dependently inhibited, and significant correlations were found between complex I-linked respiration and both complex I activity (positive correlation) and complex IV activity (negative correlation). All drugs significantly decreased mitochondrial ATP production at higher concentrations. Hydrogen peroxide production was significantly increased at 10 µM brexpiprazole and lurasidone and at 100 µM cariprazine and loxapine. All antipsychotics acted as partial inhibitors of MAO-A, brexpiprazole and loxapine partially inhibited MAO-B. Based on our results, novel antipsychotics probably lacked oxygen uncoupling properties. The mitochondrial effects of novel antipsychotics might contribute on their adverse effects, which are mostly related to decreased ATP production and increased ROS production, while MAO-A inhibition might contribute to their antidepressant effect, and brexpiprazole- and loxapine-induced MAO-B inhibition might likely promote neuroplasticity and neuroprotection. The assessment of drug-induced mitochondrial dysfunctions is important in development of new drugs as well as in the understanding of molecular mechanism of adverse or side drug effects.
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16
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Rebouças DB, Sartori JM, Librenza-Garcia D, Rabelo-da-Ponte FD, Massuda R, Czepielewski LS, Passos IC, Gama CS. Accelerated aging signatures in subjects with schizophrenia and their unaffected siblings. J Psychiatr Res 2021; 139:30-37. [PMID: 34022473 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpsychires.2021.04.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2020] [Revised: 04/10/2021] [Accepted: 04/25/2021] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Schizophrenia (SZ) is a chronic debilitating disease. Subjects with SZ have significant shorter life expectancy. Growing evidence suggests that a process of pathological accelerated aging occurs in SZ, leading to early development of severe clinical diseases and worse morbimortality. Furthermore, unaffected relatives can share certain endophenotypes with subjects with SZ. We aim to characterize accelerated aging as a possible endophenotype of schizophrenia by using a machine learning (ML) model of peripheral biomarkers to accurately differentiate subjects with SZ (n = 35), their unaffected siblings (SB, n = 36) and healthy controls (HC, n = 47). We used a random forest algorithm that included biomarkers related to aging: eotaxins CCL-11 and CCL-24; the oxidative stress markers thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances (TBARS), protein carbonyl content (PCC), glutathione peroxidase (GPx); and telomere length (TL). The ML algorithm of biomarkers was able to distinguish individuals with SZ from HC with prediction accuracy of 79.7%, SZ from SB with 62.5% accuracy and SB from HC with 75.5% accuracy. These results support the hypothesis that a pathological accelerated aging might occur in SZ, and this pathological aging could be an endophenotype of the disease, once this profile was also observed in SB, suggesting that SB might suffer from an accelerated aging in some level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diego Barreto Rebouças
- Laboratório de Psiquiatria Molecular, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil; Programa de Pós-Graduação em Psiquiatria e Ciências do Comportamento, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Juliana Mastella Sartori
- Laboratório de Psiquiatria Molecular, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil; Programa de Pós-Graduação em Psiquiatria e Ciências do Comportamento, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Diego Librenza-Garcia
- Laboratório de Psiquiatria Molecular, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil; Department of Psychiatry and Behavioural Neurosciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Francisco Diego Rabelo-da-Ponte
- Laboratório de Psiquiatria Molecular, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil; Programa de Pós-Graduação em Psiquiatria e Ciências do Comportamento, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Raffael Massuda
- Laboratório de Psiquiatria Molecular, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil; Departamento de Psiquiatria, Universidade Federal do Paraná, Curitiba, Brazil
| | - Leticia Sanguinetti Czepielewski
- Laboratório de Psiquiatria Molecular, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil; Programa de Pós- Graduação em Psicologia, Departamento de Psicologia do Desenvolvimento e da Personalidade, Instituto de Psicologia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Ives Cavalcante Passos
- Laboratório de Psiquiatria Molecular, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil; Programa de Pós-Graduação em Psiquiatria e Ciências do Comportamento, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Clarissa Severino Gama
- Laboratório de Psiquiatria Molecular, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil; Programa de Pós-Graduação em Psiquiatria e Ciências do Comportamento, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil.
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Scaini G, Andrews T, Lima CNC, Benevenuto D, Streck EL, Quevedo J. Mitochondrial dysfunction as a critical event in the pathophysiology of bipolar disorder. Mitochondrion 2021; 57:23-36. [PMID: 33340709 PMCID: PMC10494232 DOI: 10.1016/j.mito.2020.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2020] [Revised: 11/18/2020] [Accepted: 12/10/2020] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
The understanding of the pathophysiology of bipolar disorder (BD) remains modest, despite recent advances in neurobiological research. The mitochondrial dysfunction hypothesis of bipolar disorder has been corroborated by several studies involving postmortem brain analysis, neuroimaging, and specific biomarkers in both rodent models and humans. Evidence suggests that BD might be related to abnormal mitochondrial morphology and dynamics, neuroimmune dysfunction, and atypical mitochondrial metabolism and oxidative stress pathways. Mitochondrial dysfunction in mood disorders is also associated with abnormal Ca2+ levels, glutamate excitotoxicity, an imbalance between pro- and antiapoptotic proteins towards apoptosis, abnormal gene expression of electron transport chain complexes, and decreased ATP synthesis. This paper aims to review and discuss the implications of mitochondrial dysfunction in BD etiology and to explore mitochondria as a potential target for novel therapeutic agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giselli Scaini
- Translational Psychiatry Program, Louis A. Faillace, MD, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences at McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston (UT Health), Houston, TX, USA
| | - Taylor Andrews
- Translational Psychiatry Program, Louis A. Faillace, MD, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences at McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston (UT Health), Houston, TX, USA
| | - Camila N C Lima
- Translational Psychiatry Program, Louis A. Faillace, MD, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences at McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston (UT Health), Houston, TX, USA
| | - Deborah Benevenuto
- Translational Psychiatry Program, Louis A. Faillace, MD, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences at McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston (UT Health), Houston, TX, USA
| | - Emilio L Streck
- Laboratory of Experimental Neurology, Graduate Program in Health Sciences, University of Southern Santa Catarina (UNESC), Criciúma, SC, Brazil
| | - João Quevedo
- Translational Psychiatry Program, Louis A. Faillace, MD, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences at McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston (UT Health), Houston, TX, USA; Translational Psychiatry Laboratory, Graduate Program in Health Sciences, University of Southern Santa Catarina (UNESC), Criciúma, SC, Brazil; Center of Excellence on Mood Disorders, Louis A. Faillace, MD, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences at McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston (UT Health), Houston, TX, USA; Neuroscience Graduate Program, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center UT Health Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Houston, TX, USA.
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18
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Giménez-Palomo A, Dodd S, Anmella G, Carvalho AF, Scaini G, Quevedo J, Pacchiarotti I, Vieta E, Berk M. The Role of Mitochondria in Mood Disorders: From Physiology to Pathophysiology and to Treatment. Front Psychiatry 2021; 12:546801. [PMID: 34295268 PMCID: PMC8291901 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2021.546801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2020] [Accepted: 05/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Mitochondria are cellular organelles involved in several biological processes, especially in energy production. Several studies have found a relationship between mitochondrial dysfunction and mood disorders, such as major depressive disorder and bipolar disorder. Impairments in energy production are found in these disorders together with higher levels of oxidative stress. Recently, many agents capable of enhancing antioxidant defenses or mitochondrial functioning have been studied for the treatment of mood disorders as adjuvant therapy to current pharmacological treatments. A better knowledge of mitochondrial physiology and pathophysiology might allow the identification of new therapeutic targets and the development and study of novel effective therapies to treat these specific mitochondrial impairments. This could be especially beneficial for treatment-resistant patients. In this article, we provide a focused narrative review of the currently available evidence supporting the involvement of mitochondrial dysfunction in mood disorders, the effects of current therapies on mitochondrial functions, and novel targeted therapies acting on mitochondrial pathways that might be useful for the treatment of mood disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Giménez-Palomo
- Bipolar and Depressives Disorders Unit, Hospital Clínic, University of Barcelona, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Mental Health Research Networking Center (CIBERSAM), Madrid, Spain
| | - Seetal Dodd
- Deakin University, The Institute for Mental and Physical Health and Clinical Translation, School of Medicine, Barwon Health, Geelong, VIC, Australia.,Department of Psychiatry, Centre for Youth Mental Health, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Gerard Anmella
- Bipolar and Depressives Disorders Unit, Hospital Clínic, University of Barcelona, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Mental Health Research Networking Center (CIBERSAM), Madrid, Spain
| | - Andre F Carvalho
- Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Giselli Scaini
- Translational Psychiatry Program, Faillace Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Joao Quevedo
- Translational Psychiatry Program, Faillace Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, United States.,Neuroscience Graduate Program, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center UTHealth Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Houston, TX, United States.,Translational Psychiatry Laboratory, Graduate Program in Health Sciences, University of Southern Santa Catarina, Criciúma, Brazil.,Center of Excellence in Mood Disorders, Faillace Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Isabella Pacchiarotti
- Bipolar and Depressives Disorders Unit, Hospital Clínic, University of Barcelona, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Mental Health Research Networking Center (CIBERSAM), Madrid, Spain
| | - Eduard Vieta
- Bipolar and Depressives Disorders Unit, Hospital Clínic, University of Barcelona, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Mental Health Research Networking Center (CIBERSAM), Madrid, Spain
| | - Michael Berk
- School of Medicine, The Institute for Mental and Physical Health and Clinical Translation, Deakin University, Barwon Health, Geelong, VIC, Australia.,Orygen, The National Centre of Excellence in Youth Mental Health, Parkville, VIC, Australia.,Centre for Youth Mental Health, Florey Institute for Neuroscience and Mental Health and the Department of Psychiatry, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
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19
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Scaini G, Valvassori SS, Diaz AP, Lima CN, Benevenuto D, Fries GR, Quevedo J. Neurobiology of bipolar disorders: a review of genetic components, signaling pathways, biochemical changes, and neuroimaging findings. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2020; 42:536-551. [PMID: 32267339 PMCID: PMC7524405 DOI: 10.1590/1516-4446-2019-0732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2019] [Accepted: 12/27/2019] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Bipolar disorder (BD) is a chronic mental illness characterized by changes in mood that alternate between mania and hypomania or between depression and mixed states, often associated with functional impairment. Although effective pharmacological and non-pharmacological treatments are available, several patients with BD remain symptomatic. The advance in the understanding of the neurobiology underlying BD could help in the identification of new therapeutic targets as well as biomarkers for early detection, prognosis, and response to treatment in BD. In this review, we discuss genetic, epigenetic, molecular, physiological and neuroimaging findings associated with the neurobiology of BD. Despite the advances in the pathophysiological knowledge of BD, the diagnosis and management of the disease are still essentially clinical. Given the complexity of the brain and the close relationship between environmental exposure and brain function, initiatives that incorporate genetic, epigenetic, molecular, physiological, clinical, environmental data, and brain imaging are necessary to produce information that can be translated into prevention and better outcomes for patients with BD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giselli Scaini
- Translational Psychiatry Program Louis A. Faillace, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences at McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston (UTHealth), Houston, TX, USA
| | - Samira S Valvassori
- Laboratório de Psiquiatria Translacional, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências da Saúde, Universidade do Extremo Sul Catarinense (UNESC), Criciúma, SC, Brazil
| | - Alexandre P Diaz
- Translational Psychiatry Program Louis A. Faillace, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences at McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston (UTHealth), Houston, TX, USA.,Center of Excellence on Mood Disorders Louis A. Faillace, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences at McGovern Medical School, UTHealth, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Camila N Lima
- Translational Psychiatry Program Louis A. Faillace, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences at McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston (UTHealth), Houston, TX, USA
| | - Deborah Benevenuto
- Translational Psychiatry Program Louis A. Faillace, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences at McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston (UTHealth), Houston, TX, USA
| | - Gabriel R Fries
- Translational Psychiatry Program Louis A. Faillace, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences at McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston (UTHealth), Houston, TX, USA.,Center for Precision Health, School of Biomedical Informatics, UTHealth, Houston, TX, USA.,Neuroscience Graduate Program, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, UTHealth, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Joao Quevedo
- Translational Psychiatry Program Louis A. Faillace, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences at McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston (UTHealth), Houston, TX, USA.,Laboratório de Psiquiatria Translacional, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências da Saúde, Universidade do Extremo Sul Catarinense (UNESC), Criciúma, SC, Brazil.,Center of Excellence on Mood Disorders Louis A. Faillace, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences at McGovern Medical School, UTHealth, Houston, TX, USA.,Neuroscience Graduate Program, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, UTHealth, Houston, TX, USA
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20
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Shivakumar V, Rajasekaran A, Subbanna M, Kalmady SV, Venugopal D, Agrawal R, Amaresha AC, Agarwal SM, Joseph B, Narayanaswamy JC, Debnath M, Venkatasubramanian G, Gangadhar BN. Leukocyte mitochondrial DNA copy number in schizophrenia. Asian J Psychiatr 2020; 53:102193. [PMID: 32585632 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajp.2020.102193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2020] [Accepted: 06/02/2020] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Schizophrenia is a complex neuropsychiatric disorder with significant genetic predisposition. In a subset of schizophrenia patients, mitochondrial dysfunction could be explained by the genomic defects like mitochondrial DNA Copy Number Variations, which are considered as a sensitive index of cellular oxidative stress. Given the high energy demands for neuronal functions, altered Mitochondrial DNA copy number (mtDNAcn) and consequent impaired mitochondrial physiology would significantly influence schizophrenia pathogenesis. In this context, we have made an attempt to study mitochondrial dysfunction in schizophrenia by assessing mtDNAcn in antipsychotic-naïve/free schizophrenia patients. METHOD mtDNAcn was measured in 90 antipsychotic-naïve / free schizophrenia (SCZ) patients and 147 Healthy Controls (HC). The relative mtDNAcn was determined by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) using TaqMan® multiplex assay method. RESULT A statistically significant difference between groups [t = 5.22, P < 0.001] was observed, with significantly lower mtDNAcn in SCZ compared to HC. The group differences persisted even after controlling for age and sex [F (4, 232) = 22.68, P < 0.001, η2 = 0.09]. CONCLUSION Lower mtDNAcn in SCZ compared to HC suggests that mtDNAcn may hold potential to serve as an important proxy marker of mitochondrial function in antipsychotic-naïve/free SCZ patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Venkataram Shivakumar
- Department of Integrative Medicine, National Institute of Mental Health and Neuro Sciences, Bengaluru, India; Translational Psychiatry Laboratory, Cognitive Neurobiology Division, Neurobiology Research Centre, National Institute of Mental Health and Neuro Sciences, Bengaluru, India.
| | - Ashwini Rajasekaran
- Translational Psychiatry Laboratory, Cognitive Neurobiology Division, Neurobiology Research Centre, National Institute of Mental Health and Neuro Sciences, Bengaluru, India; Department of Human Genetics, National Institute of Mental Health and Neuro Sciences, Bangalore, India
| | - Manjula Subbanna
- Translational Psychiatry Laboratory, Cognitive Neurobiology Division, Neurobiology Research Centre, National Institute of Mental Health and Neuro Sciences, Bengaluru, India; Department of Human Genetics, National Institute of Mental Health and Neuro Sciences, Bangalore, India
| | - Sunil Vasu Kalmady
- Translational Psychiatry Laboratory, Cognitive Neurobiology Division, Neurobiology Research Centre, National Institute of Mental Health and Neuro Sciences, Bengaluru, India; Department of Psychiatry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Deepthi Venugopal
- Translational Psychiatry Laboratory, Cognitive Neurobiology Division, Neurobiology Research Centre, National Institute of Mental Health and Neuro Sciences, Bengaluru, India; Department of Human Genetics, National Institute of Mental Health and Neuro Sciences, Bangalore, India
| | - Rimjhim Agrawal
- Translational Psychiatry Laboratory, Cognitive Neurobiology Division, Neurobiology Research Centre, National Institute of Mental Health and Neuro Sciences, Bengaluru, India; Department of Psychiatry, National Institute of Mental Health and Neuro Sciences, Bangalore, India
| | - Anekal C Amaresha
- Translational Psychiatry Laboratory, Cognitive Neurobiology Division, Neurobiology Research Centre, National Institute of Mental Health and Neuro Sciences, Bengaluru, India; Department of Sociology and Social Work, CHRIST (Deemed to be University), Bangalore, India
| | - Sri Mahavir Agarwal
- Translational Psychiatry Laboratory, Cognitive Neurobiology Division, Neurobiology Research Centre, National Institute of Mental Health and Neuro Sciences, Bengaluru, India; Department of Psychiatry, National Institute of Mental Health and Neuro Sciences, Bangalore, India
| | - Boban Joseph
- Department of Psychiatric Social Work, National Institute of Mental Health and Neuro Sciences, Bangalore, India
| | - Janardhanan C Narayanaswamy
- Translational Psychiatry Laboratory, Cognitive Neurobiology Division, Neurobiology Research Centre, National Institute of Mental Health and Neuro Sciences, Bengaluru, India; Department of Psychiatry, National Institute of Mental Health and Neuro Sciences, Bangalore, India
| | - Monojit Debnath
- Department of Human Genetics, National Institute of Mental Health and Neuro Sciences, Bangalore, India
| | - Ganesan Venkatasubramanian
- Translational Psychiatry Laboratory, Cognitive Neurobiology Division, Neurobiology Research Centre, National Institute of Mental Health and Neuro Sciences, Bengaluru, India; Department of Psychiatry, National Institute of Mental Health and Neuro Sciences, Bangalore, India
| | - Bangalore N Gangadhar
- Department of Psychiatry, National Institute of Mental Health and Neuro Sciences, Bangalore, India
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21
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Caldiroli A, Auxilia AM, Capuzzi E, Clerici M, Buoli M. Malondialdehyde and bipolar disorder: A short comprehensive review of available literature. J Affect Disord 2020; 274:31-37. [PMID: 32469821 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2020.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2020] [Revised: 04/22/2020] [Accepted: 05/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The pathogenetic mechanisms of Bipolar Disorder (BD) have not been totally clarified. Oxidative stress seems to be involved in the etiology of BD, and malondialdehyde (MDA) represents a candidate biomarker for monitoring this aspect in different medical conditions including mood disorders. This article has the objective to critically summarize the available data about the association between MDA and BD. METHODS A research in Pubmed, PsycINFO and Isi Web of Knowledge was fulfilled to identify studies in which MDA levels were measured in BD patients for the purpose of securing a comprehensive review concerning the issue. RESULTS We detected 20 articles that satisfied the inclusion criteria: most of them observed higher MDA levels (or Thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances-TBARS) in BD patients compared to healthy controls (HC), although there are some contrasting results, depending in particular on the phase of illness or the inclusion criteria or the methodological differences. LIMITATIONS We included studies, exclusively in English, that used different laboratory methods to measure MDA. CONCLUSIONS The analysed articles suggest that MDA or TBARS are increased in BD patients with respect to HC, thus supporting the hypothesis that MDA may be a promising and potential biomarker to monitor the course of BD, although further studies are needed to confirm this hypothesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alice Caldiroli
- Psychiatric Department, Azienda Socio Sanitaria Territoriale Monza, Monza, Italy
| | - Anna Maria Auxilia
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano Bicocca, via Cadore 38, 20900 Monza, MB, Italy
| | - Enrico Capuzzi
- Psychiatric Department, Azienda Socio Sanitaria Territoriale Monza, Monza, Italy
| | - Massimo Clerici
- Psychiatric Department, Azienda Socio Sanitaria Territoriale Monza, Monza, Italy; Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano Bicocca, via Cadore 38, 20900 Monza, MB, Italy
| | - Massimiliano Buoli
- Department of Neurosciences and Mental Health, Fondazione IRCCS Ca'Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Via F. Sforza 35, 20122 Milan, Italy; Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, University of Milan, Milan, Italy.
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22
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Hroudová J, Fišar Z, Hansíková H, Kališová L, Kitzlerová E, Zvěřová M, Lambertová A, Raboch J. Mitochondrial Dysfunction in Blood Platelets of Patients with Manic Episode of Bipolar Disorder. CNS & NEUROLOGICAL DISORDERS-DRUG TARGETS 2020; 18:222-231. [PMID: 30582486 DOI: 10.2174/1871527318666181224130011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2018] [Revised: 10/30/2018] [Accepted: 12/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The bipolar affective disorder (BAD) pathophysiology is multifactorial and has not been fully clarified. METHOD We measured selected mitochondrial parameters in peripheral blood components. The analyses were performed for patients suffering from a manic episode during remission and were compared to those performed for healthy controls. BAD was clinically evaluated using well-established diagnostic scales and questionnaires. Mitochondrial respiration was examined in intact and permeabilized blood platelets using high-resolution respirometry. The citrate synthase (CS) and electron transport system (ETS) complex (complex I, II, and IV) activities were examined in platelets. RESULTS The CS, complex II and complex IV activities were decreased in the BAD patients, complex I activity was increased, and the ratio of complex I to CS was significantly increased. In the intact platelets, respiration after complex I inhibition and residual oxygen consumption were decreased in the BAD patients compared to the healthy controls. In the permeabilized platelets, a decreased ETS capacity was found in the BAD patients. No significant differences were found between BAD patients in mania and remission. CONCLUSION Increased complex I activity can be a compensatory mechanism for decreased CS and complex II and IV activities. We conclude that complex I and its abnormal activity contribute to defects in cellular energy metabolism during a manic episode and that the deficiency in the complex's functioning, but not the availability of oxidative phosphorylation substrates, seems to be responsible for the decreased ETS capacity in BAD patients. The observed parameters can be further evaluated as 'trait' markers of BAD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jana Hroudová
- Department of Psychiatry, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and General University Hospital in Prague, Ke Karlovu 11, 120 00 Prague 2, Czech Republic.,Institute of Pharmacology, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and General University Hospital in Prague, Albertov 4, 128 00 Prague 2, Czech Republic
| | - Zdeněk Fišar
- Department of Psychiatry, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and General University Hospital in Prague, Ke Karlovu 11, 120 00 Prague 2, Czech Republic
| | - Hana Hansíková
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and General University Hospital in Prague, Prague 2, Czech Republic
| | - Lucie Kališová
- Department of Psychiatry, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and General University Hospital in Prague, Ke Karlovu 11, 120 00 Prague 2, Czech Republic
| | - Eva Kitzlerová
- Department of Psychiatry, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and General University Hospital in Prague, Ke Karlovu 11, 120 00 Prague 2, Czech Republic
| | - Martina Zvěřová
- Department of Psychiatry, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and General University Hospital in Prague, Ke Karlovu 11, 120 00 Prague 2, Czech Republic
| | - Alena Lambertová
- Department of Psychiatry, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and General University Hospital in Prague, Ke Karlovu 11, 120 00 Prague 2, Czech Republic
| | - Jiří Raboch
- Department of Psychiatry, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and General University Hospital in Prague, Ke Karlovu 11, 120 00 Prague 2, Czech Republic
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23
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Turkheimer FE, Selvaggi P, Mehta MA, Veronese M, Zelaya F, Dazzan P, Vernon AC. Normalizing the Abnormal: Do Antipsychotic Drugs Push the Cortex Into an Unsustainable Metabolic Envelope? Schizophr Bull 2020; 46:484-495. [PMID: 31755955 PMCID: PMC7147598 DOI: 10.1093/schbul/sbz119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The use of antipsychotic medication to manage psychosis, principally in those with a diagnosis of schizophrenia or bipolar disorder, is well established. Antipsychotics are effective in normalizing positive symptoms of psychosis in the short term (delusions, hallucinations and disordered thought). Their long-term use is, however, associated with side effects, including several types of movement (extrapyramidal syndrome, dyskinesia, akathisia), metabolic and cardiac disorders. Furthermore, higher lifetime antipsychotic dose-years may be associated with poorer cognitive performance and blunted affect, although the mechanisms driving the latter associations are not well understood. In this article, we propose a novel model of the long-term effects of antipsychotic administration focusing on the changes in brain metabolic homeostasis induced by the medication. We propose here that the brain metabolic normalization, that occurs in parallel to the normalization of psychotic symptoms following antipsychotic treatment, may not ultimately be sustainable by the cerebral tissue of some patients; these patients may be characterized by already reduced oxidative metabolic capacity and this may push the brain into an unsustainable metabolic envelope resulting in tissue remodeling. To support this perspective, we will review the existing data on the brain metabolic trajectories of patients with a diagnosis of schizophrenia as indexed using available neuroimaging tools before and after use of medication. We will also consider data from pre-clinical studies to provide mechanistic support for our model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Federico E Turkheimer
- Department of Neuroimaging, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King’s College London, London, UK
- MRC Centre for Neurodevelopmental Disorders, King’s College London, London, UK
| | - Pierluigi Selvaggi
- Department of Neuroimaging, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King’s College London, London, UK
| | - Mitul A Mehta
- Department of Neuroimaging, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King’s College London, London, UK
| | - Mattia Veronese
- Department of Neuroimaging, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King’s College London, London, UK
| | - Fernando Zelaya
- Department of Neuroimaging, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King’s College London, London, UK
| | - Paola Dazzan
- Department of Psychosis Studies, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King’s College London, London, UK
| | - Anthony C Vernon
- MRC Centre for Neurodevelopmental Disorders, King’s College London, London, UK
- Department of Basic and Clinical Neuroscience, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King’s College London, London, UK
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24
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Tran HQ, Shin EJ, Saito K, Tran TV, Phan DH, Sharma N, Kim DW, Choi SY, Jeong JH, Jang CG, Cheong JH, Nabeshima T, Kim HC. Indoleamine-2,3-dioxygenase-1 is a molecular target for the protective activity of mood stabilizers against mania-like behavior induced by d-amphetamine. Food Chem Toxicol 2019; 136:110986. [PMID: 31760073 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2019.110986] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2019] [Revised: 11/17/2019] [Accepted: 11/18/2019] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
It is recognized that d-amphetamine (AMPH)-induced hyperactivity is thought to be a valid animal model of mania. In the present study, we investigated whether a proinflammatory oxidative gene indoleamine-2,3-dioxygenase (IDO) is involved in AMPH-induced mitochondrial burden, and whether mood stabilizers (i.e., lithium and valproate) modulate IDO to protect against AMPH-induced mania-like behaviors. AMPH-induced IDO-1 expression was significantly greater than IDO-2 expression in the prefrontal cortex of wild type mice. IDO-1 expression was more pronounced in the mitochondria than in the cytosol. AMPH treatment activated intra-mitochondrial Ca2+ accumulation and mitochondrial oxidative burden, while inhibited mitochondrial membrane potential and activity of the mitochondrial complex (I > II), mitochondrial glutathione peroxidase, and superoxide dismutase, indicating that mitochondrial burden might be contributable to mania-like behaviors induced by AMPH. The behaviors were significantly attenuated by lithium, valproate, or IDO-1 knockout, but not in IDO-2 knockout mice. Lithium, valproate administration, or IDO-1 knockout significantly attenuated mitochondrial burden. Neither lithium nor valproate produced additive effects above the protective effects observed in IDO-1 KO in mice. Collectively, our results suggest that mood stabilizers attenuate AMPH-induced mania-like behaviors via attenuation of IDO-1-dependent mitochondrial stress, highlighting IDO-1 as a novel molecular target for the protective potential of mood stabilizers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hai-Quyen Tran
- Neuropsychopharmacology and Toxicology Program, BK21 PLUS Project, College of Pharmacy, Kangwon National University, Chunchon, 24341, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun-Joo Shin
- Neuropsychopharmacology and Toxicology Program, BK21 PLUS Project, College of Pharmacy, Kangwon National University, Chunchon, 24341, Republic of Korea
| | - Kuniaki Saito
- Advanced Diagnostic System Research Laboratory, Fujita Health University Graduate School of Health Sciences, Toyoake, Japan.
| | - The-Vinh Tran
- Neuropsychopharmacology and Toxicology Program, BK21 PLUS Project, College of Pharmacy, Kangwon National University, Chunchon, 24341, Republic of Korea
| | - Dieu-Hien Phan
- Neuropsychopharmacology and Toxicology Program, BK21 PLUS Project, College of Pharmacy, Kangwon National University, Chunchon, 24341, Republic of Korea
| | - Naveen Sharma
- Neuropsychopharmacology and Toxicology Program, BK21 PLUS Project, College of Pharmacy, Kangwon National University, Chunchon, 24341, Republic of Korea
| | - Dae-Won Kim
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Research Institute of Oral Sciences, College of Dentistry, Gangneung-Wonju National University, Gangneung, 25457, South Korea
| | - Soo Young Choi
- Department of Biomedical Science and Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Hallym University, Chunchon, 24252, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji Hoon Jeong
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, Chung-Ang University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Choon-Gon Jang
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, South Korea
| | - Jae Hoon Cheong
- Department of Pharmacy, Sahmyook University, 815 Hwarangro, Nowon-gu, Seoul, 01795, Republic of Korea
| | - Toshitaka Nabeshima
- Advanced Diagnostic System Research Laboratory, Fujita Health University Graduate School of Health Sciences, Toyoake, Japan; Japanese Drug Organization of Appropriate Use and Research, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Hyoung-Chun Kim
- Neuropsychopharmacology and Toxicology Program, BK21 PLUS Project, College of Pharmacy, Kangwon National University, Chunchon, 24341, Republic of Korea.
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25
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Validating mitochondrial electron transport chain content in individuals at clinical high risk for psychosis. Sci Rep 2019; 9:12695. [PMID: 31481687 PMCID: PMC6722130 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-49180-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2018] [Accepted: 07/31/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Altered mitochondrial electron transport chain function has been implicated in the pathophysiology and etiology of schizophrenia. To date, our previously published study (i.e. first cohort) is still the only study to demonstrate that mitochondrial electron transport chain is not altered in white blood cells from individuals at clinical high risk for psychosis. Here, we aimed to replicate our previous findings with an independent set of samples and validate the levels of mitochondrial complex I-V content in individuals at clinical high risk for psychosis. We demonstrated that the second cohort (i.e. validation cohort) expressed similar results as the first cohort. We combined the first cohort study with the second cohort and once more validated a lack of differential levels in mitochondrial complex I-V content between the two groups. In addition, we were able to validate a correlation between complex III content and prodromal negative symptom severity when the two cohorts studies were combined. Additionally, a correlation between complex V content and prodromal disorganization symptom severity was found when the two cohorts were combined. In conclusion, our results showed that dysfunction of the mitochondrial electron transport chain is not detected in peripheral blood mononuclear cells of individuals in the putative prodromal stage of schizophrenia.
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26
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Ndel1 oligopeptidase activity as a potential biomarker of early stages of schizophrenia. Schizophr Res 2019; 208:202-208. [PMID: 30857875 DOI: 10.1016/j.schres.2019.02.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2018] [Revised: 02/22/2019] [Accepted: 02/25/2019] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Our previous studies showed reduced Ndel1 enzyme activity in patients with chronic schizophrenia (SCZ), and only a subtle NDEL1 mRNA increases in antipsychotic-naïve first-episode psychosis (FEP) individuals compared to matched healthy controls (HC). Aiming to refine the evaluation of Ndel1 enzyme activity in early stages of psychosis, we compared 3 groups composed by (1) subjects at ultra-high-risk (UHR) for psychosis, (2) a cohort comprising antipsychotic-naïve FEP individuals (assessed in three moments, at baseline (FEP-0), and after 2 months (FEP-2 M) and one year (FEP-1Y) of treatment with risperidone), and (3) a HC group. There was no significant difference in Ndel1 enzyme activity between UHR and HC, but this activity was significantly lower in FEP compared to HC. Conversely, Ndel1 activity in HC groups was higher than in FEP even before (FEP-0) or after the treatment with risperidone (FEP-2 M and FEP-1Y), and with progressive decrease of Ndel1 activity and significant improvement of symptoms observed after this treatment. In addition, a positive correlation was observed for Ndel1 activity with clinical symptoms as assessed by PANSS, while a negative correlation was seen for GAF scores. Our results suggest that reductions in Ndel1 activity in FEP may be possibly related to responses to the illness, rather than to the pharmacological effects of antipsychotics, which might be acting essentially in the symptoms suppression. This hypothesis might be further evaluated in prospective long-term follow-up studies with a larger sample cohort.
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27
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Ifhar LS, Ene HM, Ben-Shachar D. Impaired heme metabolism in schizophrenia-derived cell lines and in a rat model of the disorder: Possible involvement of mitochondrial complex I. Eur Neuropsychopharmacol 2019; 29:577-589. [PMID: 30948194 DOI: 10.1016/j.euroneuro.2019.03.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2018] [Revised: 03/18/2019] [Accepted: 03/22/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Accumulating data point to heme involvement in neuropsychiatric disorders. Heme plays a role in major cellular processes such as signal transduction, protein complex assembly and regulation of transcription and translation. Its synthesis involves the mitochondria, which dysfunction, specifically that of the complex I (Co-I) of the electron transport chain is involved in the pathophysiology of schizophrenia (SZ). Here we aimed to demonstrate that deficits in Co-I affect heme metabolism. We show a significant decrease in heme levels in Co-I deficient SZ-derived EBV transformed lymphocytes (lymphoblastoid cell lines - LCLs) as compared to healthy subjects-derived cells (n = 9/cohort). Moreover, protein levels assessed by immunoblotting and mRNA levels assessed by qRT-PCR of heme catabolic enzyme, heme Oxygenase 1 (HO-1), and protein levels of heme downstream target phosphorylated eukaryotic initiation factor 2-alpha (Peif2a/eif2a) were significantly elevated in SZ-derived cells. In contrast, protein and mRNA levels of heme synthesis rate limiting enzyme aminolevulinic acid synthase-1 (ALAS1) were unchanged in SZ derived LCLs. In addition, inhibition of Co-I by rotenone in healthy subjects-derived LCLs (n = 4/cohort) exhibited an initial increase followed by a later decrease in heme levels. These findings were associated with opposite changes in heme's downstream target and HO-1 level, similar to our findings in SZ-derived cells. We also show a brain region specific pattern of impairment in Co-I subunits and in HO-1 and PeIF2α/eIF2α in the Poly-IC rat model of SZ (n = 6/cohort). Our results provide evidence for a link between CoI and heme metabolism both in-vitro and in-vivo suggesting its contribution to SZ pathophysiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lee S Ifhar
- Laboratory of Psychobiology, Department of Psychiatry, Rambam Health Care Campus, B. Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Rappaport Family Institute for Research in Medical Sciences, Technion IIT, POB 9649, Haifa 31096 Israel
| | - Hila M Ene
- Laboratory of Psychobiology, Department of Psychiatry, Rambam Health Care Campus, B. Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Rappaport Family Institute for Research in Medical Sciences, Technion IIT, POB 9649, Haifa 31096 Israel
| | - Dorit Ben-Shachar
- Laboratory of Psychobiology, Department of Psychiatry, Rambam Health Care Campus, B. Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Rappaport Family Institute for Research in Medical Sciences, Technion IIT, POB 9649, Haifa 31096 Israel.
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Mitochondrial TRPC3 promotes cell proliferation by regulating the mitochondrial calcium and metabolism in renal polycystin-2 knockdown cells. Int Urol Nephrol 2019; 51:1059-1070. [PMID: 31012036 DOI: 10.1007/s11255-019-02149-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2018] [Accepted: 04/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Previous studies indicate that autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD) cells exhibited dysregulated calcium homeostasis and enhanced cell proliferation. TRPC3 has been shown to function in the modulation of calcium and sodium entry, but whether TRPC3 plays a role in cellular abnormalities of ADPKD cells has not been defined. METHODS Human conditionally immortalized proximal tubular epithelial cells and mouse IMCD3 cells were used with polycystin-2 (PC2, TRPP2) knockdown. Cell proliferation assay was used to detect the cell proliferations upon different treatments. QRT-PCR and western blotting were used to measure the expression profiles of TRPP2 and other proteins. High-resolution respirometry, enzymic activities and ROS levels were detected to reflect the mitochondrial functions. Calcium and sodium uptakes were measured using Fura2-AM and SBFI dyes. RESULTS We showed that PC2 knockdown promoted cell proliferation, ROS productions and ERK phosphorylation, compared with negative control. Meanwhile, we demonstrated that receptor-operated calcium entry (ROCE) exhibited less reductions compared with store-operated calcium entry (SOCE) upon PC2 knockdown. Inhibition of ROCE and SOCE by specific inhibitors partially reversed the enhanced cell proliferation, ROS productions and ERK phosphorylation induced by PC2 knockdown. Moreover, TRPC3 upregulation was observed upon PC2 knockdown, which acted as both SOC and ROC, promoting cation entry, cell proliferation and ERK phosphorylation. Furthermore, we showed that mitochondrial located TRPC3 was upregulated and modulating mitochondrial calcium uptake, thus promoting the ROS productions in the presence of PC2 knockdown. CONCLUSIONS We demonstrated that TRPC3 upregulation upon PC2 knockdown aggravated the mitochondrial abnormalities and cell proliferation by modulating mitochondrial calcium uptake. Targeting TRPC3 might be a promising target for ADPKD treatment.
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Holper L, Ben-Shachar D, Mann JJ. Multivariate meta-analyses of mitochondrial complex I and IV in major depressive disorder, bipolar disorder, schizophrenia, Alzheimer disease, and Parkinson disease. Neuropsychopharmacology 2019; 44:837-849. [PMID: 29855563 PMCID: PMC6461987 DOI: 10.1038/s41386-018-0090-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 121] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2018] [Revised: 04/26/2018] [Accepted: 05/07/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Complex I (NADH dehydrogenase, NDU) and complex IV (cytochrome-c-oxidase, COX) of the mitochondrial electron transport chain have been implicated in the pathophysiology of major psychiatric disorders, such as major depressive disorder (MDD), bipolar disorder (BD), and schizophrenia (SZ), as well as in neurodegenerative disorders, such as Alzheimer disease (AD) and Parkinson disease (PD). We conducted meta-analyses comparing complex I and IV in each disorder MDD, BD, SZ, AD, and PD, as well as in normal aging. The electronic databases Pubmed, EMBASE, CENTRAL, and Google Scholar, were searched for studies published between 1980 and 2018. Of 2049 screened studies, 125 articles were eligible for the meta-analyses. Complex I and IV were assessed in peripheral blood, muscle biopsy, or postmortem brain at the level of enzyme activity or subunits. Separate meta-analyses of mood disorder studies, MDD and BD, revealed moderate effect sizes for similar abnormality patterns in the expression of complex I with SZ in frontal cortex, cerebellum and striatum, whereas evidence for complex IV alterations was low. By contrast, the neurodegenerative disorders, AD and PD, showed strong effect sizes for shared deficits in complex I and IV, such as in peripheral blood, frontal cortex, cerebellum, and substantia nigra. Beyond the diseased state, there was an age-related robust decline in both complexes I and IV. In summary, the strongest support for a role for complex I and/or IV deficits, is in the pathophysiology of PD and AD, and evidence is less robust for MDD, BD, or SZ.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Holper
- Division of Molecular Imaging and Neuropathology, Columbia University and New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, NY, USA.
| | - D Ben-Shachar
- Laboratory of Psychobiology, Department of Psychiatry, Rambam Health Care Campus, Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion IIT, Haifa, Israel
| | - J J Mann
- Division of Molecular Imaging and Neuropathology, Columbia University and New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, NY, USA
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Tatay-Manteiga A, Balanzá-Martínez V, Bristot G, Tabarés-Seisdedos R, Kapczinski F, Cauli O. Peripheral Oxidative Stress Markers in Patients with Bipolar Disorder during Euthymia and in Siblings. Endocr Metab Immune Disord Drug Targets 2019; 20:77-86. [PMID: 30848220 DOI: 10.2174/1871530319666190307165355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2018] [Revised: 02/19/2019] [Accepted: 02/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
AIMS Oxidative stress is increased during the acute phases of bipolar disorder (BD). Our aim here was to analyze oxidative stress biomarkers in patients with BD during euthymia and their siblings. METHOD A cross-sectional study was performed in euthymic patients with BD-I (n=48), unaffected siblings (n=23) and genetically unrelated healthy controls (n=21). Protein carbonyl content (PCC), total antioxidant capacity (TRAP), lipid peroxidation (TBARS) and uric acid were measured as biomarkers of oxidative stress in blood. RESULTS The antioxidant capacity (TRAP) was lower (p<0.001) in patients with BD compared to their siblings and controls, whereas no differences were observed in PCC, TBARS or uric acid. In patients, the concentrations of TRAP and TBARS were positively associated with the dose of valproic acid (p<0.05 and p<0.001, respectively). The concentrations of these biomarkers were not significantly associated with any of socio-demographic and clinical variables. CONCLUSION A selective reduction in antioxidant capacity is present in BD during euthymia state, whereas other markers of oxidative stress are unaltered during euthymia. Siblings did not show any alterations in oxidative stress biomarkers. Oxidative stress might represent a state-dependent marker in BD. The association between treatment with valproic acid and oxidative stress markers in euthymia deserves further studies.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Vicent Balanzá-Martínez
- Teaching Unit of Psychiatry and Psychological Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Valencia, CIBERSAM, Valencia, Spain
| | - Giovana Bristot
- Laboratório de Psiquiatria Molecular, Centro de Pesquisa Experimental, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre (HCPA), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil.,Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde (ICBS), Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Rafael Tabarés-Seisdedos
- Teaching Unit of Psychiatry and Psychological Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Valencia, CIBERSAM, Valencia, Spain
| | - Flavio Kapczinski
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada
| | - Omar Cauli
- Department of Nursing, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
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Maguire Á, Hargreaves A, Gill M. Coenzyme Q10 and neuropsychiatric and neurological disorders: relevance for schizophrenia. Nutr Neurosci 2018; 23:756-769. [PMID: 30537908 DOI: 10.1080/1028415x.2018.1556481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Objective: Mitochondrial dysfunction has been implicated in the pathophysiology of schizophrenia and other neuropsychiatric disorders. Though the exact mechanisms and clinical implications for this dysfunction are not fully determined, there is a hypothesis that deficiency in coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10) may contribute to mitochondrial impairments and be reflected in cognitive, affective, and energy disturbances in the disorders. CoQ10 is a critical component of the mitochondrial respiratory chain and an essential free radical scavenger, necessary for mitochondrial function. Here, we review the results of CoQ10 supplementation interventions for adults with various neurological and neuropsychiatric disorders and consider the therapeutic potential of CoQ10 supplementation for schizophrenia in light of these studies. Methods: A literature review of randomised controlled trials and open-label studies investigating the effect of CoQ10 as a single intervention in adults with neurological and neuropsychiatric disorders was conducted. Results: CoQ10 supplementation has some positive effects on fatigue, cognitive impairment and affective difficulties in several neurological and neuropsychiatric conditions with associated mitochondrial dysfunction. Discussion: CoQ10 may be of therapeutic value to schizophrenia given evidence of mitochondrial dysfunction in the disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Áine Maguire
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - April Hargreaves
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland.,Department of Psychology, National College of Ireland, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Michael Gill
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
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Tran HQ, Park SJ, Shin EJ, Tran TV, Sharma N, Lee YJ, Jeong JH, Jang CG, Kim DJ, Nabeshima T, Kim HC. Clozapine attenuates mitochondrial burdens and abnormal behaviors elicited by phencyclidine in mice via inhibition of p47 phox; Possible involvements of phosphoinositide 3-kinase/Akt signaling. J Psychopharmacol 2018; 32:1233-1251. [PMID: 30207504 DOI: 10.1177/0269881118795244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Oxidative stress and mitochondrial dysfunction have been implicated in the pathophysiology of schizophrenia. AIMS We investigated whether antipsychotic clozapine modulates nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate oxidase and mitochondrial burdens induced by phencyclidine in mice. METHODS We examined the effect of clozapine on nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate oxidase activation, mitochondrial burdens (i.e. oxidative stress and mitochondrial dysfunction), and activities of enzymatic antioxidant in the prefrontal cortex, and subsequent abnormal behaviors induced by repeated treatment with phencyclidine. p47 phox Knockout mice and LY294002, a phosphoinositide 3-kinase inhibitor, were employed to elucidate the pharmacological mechanism of clozapine. RESULTS Phencyclidine treatment resulted in an early increase nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate oxidase activity, membrane translocation of p47 phox, interaction between p-Akt and p47 phox, and mitochondrial burdens in wild-type mice. Although these increases returned to near control level four days post-phencyclidine, mitochondrial superoxide dismutase and glutathione peroxidase activities were decreased at that time. Clozapine, LY294002, or p47 phox knockout significantly ameliorated social withdrawal and recognition memory deficits produced by phencyclidine. Importantly, LY294002 did not significantly alter the effects of clozapine against abnormal behaviors and the interaction between p-Akt and p47 phox induced by phencyclidine. Furthermore, neither LY294002 nor clozapine exhibited any additive effects to the protection afforded by p47 phox knockout against phencyclidine insult. CONCLUSION Our results suggest that p47 phox gene mediates phencyclidine-induced mitochondrial burdens and abnormal behaviors, and that the interactive modulation between p47 phox and phosphoinositide 3-kinase/Akt is important for the understanding on the pharmacological mechanism of clozapine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hai-Quyen Tran
- 1 Neuropsychopharmacology and Toxicology Program, Kangwon National University, Chunchon, Republic of Korea
| | - Se J Park
- 2 School of Natural Resources and Environmental Sciences, Kangwon National University, Chunchon, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun-Joo Shin
- 1 Neuropsychopharmacology and Toxicology Program, Kangwon National University, Chunchon, Republic of Korea
| | - The-Vinh Tran
- 1 Neuropsychopharmacology and Toxicology Program, Kangwon National University, Chunchon, Republic of Korea
| | - Naveen Sharma
- 1 Neuropsychopharmacology and Toxicology Program, Kangwon National University, Chunchon, Republic of Korea
| | - Yu J Lee
- 3 Clinical Pharmacy, Kangwon National University, Chunchon, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji H Jeong
- 4 Department of Pharmacology, Chung-Ang University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Choon-Gon Jang
- 5 Department of Pharmacology, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, Korea
| | - Dae-Joong Kim
- 6 Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Kangwon National University, Chunchon, Korea
| | - Toshitaka Nabeshima
- 7 Advanced Diagnostic System Research Laboratory, Fujita Health University Graduate School of Health Sciences, Toyoake, Japan.,9 Japanese Drug Organization of Appropriate Use and Research, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Hyoung-Chun Kim
- 1 Neuropsychopharmacology and Toxicology Program, Kangwon National University, Chunchon, Republic of Korea
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Cingi Yirün M, Ünal K, Yirün O, Kiliç OHT, Erel Ö. Thiol/disulphide homeostasis in manic episode and remission phases of bipolar disorder. Nord J Psychiatry 2018; 72:572-577. [PMID: 30178694 DOI: 10.1080/08039488.2018.1497200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Bipolar disorder (BD) is a chronical psychiatric disorder of which pathophysiology was demonstrated to be related with oxidative stress. Thiol-disulphide homeostasis is an indicator of oxidative balance. This study aims to investigate thiol-disulphide homeostasis in BD. MATERIALS AND METHODS 27 patients in manic episode (MA), 29 patients in remission (RE) and 60 healthy participants (HC) were included to the study. Serum native thiol and total thiol levels were measured with a novel colorimetric, automated method. The disulphide levels and disulphide/native thiol ratios were also calculated from these measured parameters. RESULTS Native thiol levels and total thiol levels of both MA and RE groups were lower than HC. No significant difference detected between MA and RE in terms of native thiol levels and total thiol levels. Disulphide levels and disulphide/native thiol ratio was detected statistically similar between three groups. CONCLUSION Our results support the oxidative imbalance theory in pathophysiology of BD. Further studies with larger sample sizes are needed for being able to understand these pathways in detail and use them as a target of treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Onur Yirün
- a Bartın State Hospital , Bartın , Turkey
| | | | - Özcan Erel
- d Ankara Yıldırım Beyazıt Üniversitesi , Ankara , Turkey
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Valvassori SS, Bavaresco DV, Feier G, Cechinel-Recco K, Steckert AV, Varela RB, Borges C, Carvalho-Silva M, Gomes LM, Streck EL, Quevedo J. Increased oxidative stress in the mitochondria isolated from lymphocytes of bipolar disorder patients during depressive episodes. Psychiatry Res 2018; 264:192-201. [PMID: 29653348 DOI: 10.1016/j.psychres.2018.03.089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2017] [Revised: 02/19/2018] [Accepted: 03/31/2018] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
The present study aims to investigate the oxidative stress parameters in isolated mitochondria, as well as looking at mitochondrial complex activity in patients with Bipolar Disorder (BD) during depressive or euthymic episodes. This study evaluated the levels of mitochondrial complex (I, II, II-III and IV) activity in lymphocytes from BD patients. We evaluated the following oxidative stress parameters: superoxide, thiobarbituric acid reactive species (TBARS) and carbonyl levels in submitochondrial particles of lymphocytes from bipolar patients. 51 bipolar patients were recruited into this study: 34 in the euthymic phase, and 17 in the depressive phase. Our results indicated that the depressive phase could increase the levels of mitochondrial superoxide, carbonyl and TBARS, and superoxide dismutase, and could decrease the levels of mitochondrial complex II activity in the lymphocytes of bipolar patients. It was also observed that there was a negative correlation between the Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HDRS) and complex II activity in the lymphocytes of depressive bipolar patients. In addition, there was a positive correlation between HDRS and superoxide, superoxide dismutase, TBARS and carbonyl. Additionally, there was a negative correlation between complex II activity and oxidative stress parameters. In conclusion, our results suggest that mitochondrial oxidative stress and mitochondrial complex II dysfunction play important roles in the depressive phase of BD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samira S Valvassori
- Translational Psychiatry Laboratory, Graduate Program in Health Sciences, University of Southern Santa Catarina (UNESC), Criciúma, SC, Brazil.
| | - Daniela V Bavaresco
- Translational Psychiatry Laboratory, Graduate Program in Health Sciences, University of Southern Santa Catarina (UNESC), Criciúma, SC, Brazil
| | - Gustavo Feier
- Translational Psychiatry Laboratory, Graduate Program in Health Sciences, University of Southern Santa Catarina (UNESC), Criciúma, SC, Brazil
| | - Kelen Cechinel-Recco
- Translational Psychiatry Laboratory, Graduate Program in Health Sciences, University of Southern Santa Catarina (UNESC), Criciúma, SC, Brazil
| | - Amanda V Steckert
- Translational Psychiatry Laboratory, Graduate Program in Health Sciences, University of Southern Santa Catarina (UNESC), Criciúma, SC, Brazil
| | - Roger B Varela
- Translational Psychiatry Laboratory, Graduate Program in Health Sciences, University of Southern Santa Catarina (UNESC), Criciúma, SC, Brazil
| | - Cenita Borges
- Translational Psychiatry Laboratory, Graduate Program in Health Sciences, University of Southern Santa Catarina (UNESC), Criciúma, SC, Brazil
| | - Milena Carvalho-Silva
- Experimental Neurology Laboratory, Graduate Program in Health Sciences, University of Southern Santa Catarina (UNESC), Criciúma, SC, Brazil
| | - Lara M Gomes
- Experimental Neurology Laboratory, Graduate Program in Health Sciences, University of Southern Santa Catarina (UNESC), Criciúma, SC, Brazil
| | - Emílio L Streck
- Experimental Neurology Laboratory, Graduate Program in Health Sciences, University of Southern Santa Catarina (UNESC), Criciúma, SC, Brazil
| | - João Quevedo
- Translational Psychiatry Laboratory, Graduate Program in Health Sciences, University of Southern Santa Catarina (UNESC), Criciúma, SC, Brazil; Center of Excellence on Mood Disorders, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston (UTHealth), Houston, TX, USA; Neuroscience Graduate Program, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center UTHealth Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Houston, TX, USA; Translational Psychiatry Program, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston (UTHealth), Houston, TX, USA
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Mitochondrial function in individuals at clinical high risk for psychosis. Sci Rep 2018; 8:6216. [PMID: 29670128 PMCID: PMC5906614 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-24355-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2018] [Accepted: 03/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Alterations in mitochondrial function have been implicated in the etiology of schizophrenia. Most studies have investigated alterations in mitochondrial function in patients in which the disorder is already established; however, whether mitochondrial dysfunction predates the onset of psychosis remains unknown. We measured peripheral mitochondrial complex (I–V) function and lactate/pyruvate levels in 27 antipsychotic-naïve individuals at clinical high risk for psychosis (CHR) and 16 healthy controls. We also explored the association between mitochondrial function and brain microglial activation and glutathione levels using a translocator protein 18 kDa [18F]FEPPA PET scan and 1H-MRS scan, respectively. There were no significant differences in mitochondrial complex function and lactate/pyruvate levels between CHR and healthy controls. In the CHR group, mitochondrial complex III function (r = −0.51, p = 0.008) and lactate levels (r = 0.61, p = 0.004) were associated with prodromal negative symptoms. As previously reported, there were no significant differences in microglial activation and glutathione levels between groups, however, mitochondrial complex IV function was inversely related to microglial activation in the hippocampus in CHR (r = −0.42, p = 0.04), but not in healthy controls. In conclusion, alterations in mitochondrial function are not yet evident in CHR, but may relate to the severity of prodromal symptoms, particularly negative symptoms.
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Kolenic M, Franke K, Hlinka J, Matejka M, Capkova J, Pausova Z, Uher R, Alda M, Spaniel F, Hajek T. Obesity, dyslipidemia and brain age in first-episode psychosis. J Psychiatr Res 2018; 99:151-158. [PMID: 29454222 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpsychires.2018.02.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2017] [Revised: 02/06/2018] [Accepted: 02/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Obesity and dyslipidemia may negatively affect brain health and are frequent medical comorbidities of schizophrenia and related disorders. Despite the high burden of metabolic disorders, little is known about their effects on brain structure in psychosis. We investigated, whether obesity or dyslipidemia contributed to brain alterations in first-episode psychosis (FEP). METHODS 120 participants with FEP, who were undergoing their first psychiatric hospitalization, had <24 months of untreated psychosis and were 18-35 years old and 114 controls within the same age range participated in the study. We acquired 3T brain structural MRI, fasting lipids and body mass index. We used machine learning trained on an independent sample of 504 controls to estimate the individual brain age of study participants and calculated the BrainAGE score by subtracting the chronological from the estimated brain age. RESULTS In a multiple regression model, the diagnosis of FEP (B = 1.15, SE B = 0.31, p < 0.001) and obesity/overweight (B = 0.92, SE B = 0.35, p = 0.008) were each additively associated with BrainAGE scores (R2 = 0.22, F(3, 230) = 21.92, p < 0.001). BrainAGE scores were highest in participants with FEP and obesity/overweight (3.83 years, 95%CI = 2.35-5.31) and lowest in normal weight controls (-0.27 years, 95%CI = -1.22-0.69). LDL-cholesterol, HDL-cholesterol or triglycerides were not associated with BrainAGE scores. CONCLUSIONS Overweight/obesity may be an independent risk factor for diffuse brain alterations manifesting as advanced brain age already early in the course of psychosis. These findings raise the possibility that targeting metabolic health and intervening already at the level of overweight/obesity could slow brain ageing in FEP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marian Kolenic
- National Institute of Mental Health, Topolová 748, 250 67, Klecany, Czech Republic; 3rd School of Medicine, Charles University, Ruská 87, 100 00, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Katja Franke
- Structural Brain Mapping Group, Department of Neurology, Jena University Hospital, Erlanger Alle 101, D - 07747, Jena, Germany
| | - Jaroslav Hlinka
- National Institute of Mental Health, Topolová 748, 250 67, Klecany, Czech Republic; Institute of Computer Science, Czech Academy of Sciences, Pod Vodarenskou Vezi 271/2, 182 07, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Martin Matejka
- 3rd School of Medicine, Charles University, Ruská 87, 100 00, Prague, Czech Republic; Psychiatric Hospital Bohnice, Ústavní 91, 181 00, Prague, Czech Republic; Psychiatric Hospital Kosmonosy, Lípy 15, 293 06, Kosmonosy, Czech Republic
| | - Jana Capkova
- National Institute of Mental Health, Topolová 748, 250 67, Klecany, Czech Republic; 3rd School of Medicine, Charles University, Ruská 87, 100 00, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Zdenka Pausova
- The Hospital for Sick Children, University of Toronto, 686 Bay Street, 10-9705, Toronto, ON M5G 0A4, Canada
| | - Rudolf Uher
- Dalhousie University, Department of Psychiatry, 5909, Veteran's Memorial Lane, Halifax, NS B3H 2E2, Canada
| | - Martin Alda
- National Institute of Mental Health, Topolová 748, 250 67, Klecany, Czech Republic; Dalhousie University, Department of Psychiatry, 5909, Veteran's Memorial Lane, Halifax, NS B3H 2E2, Canada
| | - Filip Spaniel
- National Institute of Mental Health, Topolová 748, 250 67, Klecany, Czech Republic
| | - Tomas Hajek
- National Institute of Mental Health, Topolová 748, 250 67, Klecany, Czech Republic; Dalhousie University, Department of Psychiatry, 5909, Veteran's Memorial Lane, Halifax, NS B3H 2E2, Canada.
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Erzin G, Kotan VO, Topçuoğlu C, Özkaya G, Erel Ö, Yüksel RN, Ürer E, Aydemir MÇ, Göka E. Thiol/disulphide homeostasis in bipolar disorder. Psychiatry Res 2018; 261:237-242. [PMID: 29329041 DOI: 10.1016/j.psychres.2017.12.062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2017] [Revised: 10/31/2017] [Accepted: 12/30/2017] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Bipolar disorder (BD) patients have increased oxidative stress, which can disturb thiol/disulphide homeostasis, causing disulphide formation. The aim of the study is to investigate dynamic thiol/disulphide (SH/SS) homeostasis in BD patients, which is a novel evaluation method of oxidative status. Ninety-four BD patients (50 in the manic episode and 44 in remission) and 44 healthy controls were included in the study. Blood serum native thiol (SH) and total thiol (ToSH) concentrations were measured in a paired test. The half value of the difference between native thiol and total thiol concentrations was calculated as the disulphide (SS) bond amount. Serum native thiol levels of the mania group were found to be lower than the remission and the control groups. There was a significant difference between the remission group and the control group in terms of native thiol. Serum total thiol level was lower in mania group than the control group. Detection of oxidative molecules for BD could be helpful, especially in treatment, follow-up periods and reducing morbidity. The results of our study besides the data available in the literature support that thiol and disulphide levels are useful markers for BD and promising therapeutic targets in terms of future pharmacological modulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gamze Erzin
- Ankara Numune Training and Research Hospital, Psychiatry Department, Ankara, Turkey.
| | - Vahap Ozan Kotan
- Ankara Numune Training and Research Hospital, Psychiatry Department, Ankara, Turkey.
| | - Canan Topçuoğlu
- Ankara Numune Training and Research Hospital, Biochemistry Department, Ankara, Turkey.
| | - Güven Özkaya
- Uludağ University, Faculty of Medicine, Biostatistics Department, Bursa, Turkey.
| | - Özcan Erel
- Yıldırım Beyazıt University, Biochemistry Department, Ankara, Turkey.
| | - Rabia Nazik Yüksel
- Ankara Numune Training and Research Hospital, Psychiatry Department, Ankara, Turkey.
| | - Emre Ürer
- Ankara University, School of Medicine, Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Ankara, Turkey.
| | | | - Erol Göka
- Ankara Numune Training and Research Hospital, Psychiatry Department, Ankara, Turkey.
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Khuankaew C, Apaijai N, Sawaddiruk P, Jaiwongkam T, Kerdphoo S, Pongsiriwet S, Tassaneeyakul W, Chattipakorn N, Chattipakorn SC. Effect of coenzyme Q10 on mitochondrial respiratory proteins in trigeminal neuralgia. Free Radic Res 2018; 52:415-425. [PMID: 29424256 DOI: 10.1080/10715762.2018.1438608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Trigeminal neuralgia (TN) is the neuropathic pain. Mitochondrial dysfunction, increased oxidative stress, and inflammation demonstrated in chronic pain. Carbamazepine (CBZ) is the first-line drug for TN, however, it is still insufficient. Coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10) has been used as the additional supplement for pain therapy. Nonetheless, mitochondrial respiratory proteins, oxidative stress, and inflammation in TN, and the add-on effects of CoQ10 on those defects have never been investigated. CBZ-treated TN-patients, naïve TN-patients, and control subjects were included. CBZ-treated TN-patients were randomised into two subgroups, received either CoQ10 or placebo for 2 months. Pain levels were evaluated, and peripheral blood mononuclear cells were isolated to determine the oxidative stress, mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS), peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma coactivator 1-alpha (PGC-1α), and cytokines including TNF-α, IL-1β and IL-18 mRNA expression. Pain scales, oxidative stress, and OXPHOS levels were greater in naïve TN-patients than control, whereas the cytokine profiles were unchanged. Although pain scales were lower in CBZ-treated TN-patients than in naïve TN-patients, oxidative stress, OXPHOS, and cytokine expression profiles were not different. PGC-1α levels found to be increased in CBZ-treated TN patients when compared with the naïve group. CoQ10 supplement in CBZ-treated TN patients reduced pain scale and oxidative stress and increased antioxidants levels when compared with placebo group. However, OXPHOS, PGC-1α, and cytokines were not different between groups. These findings suggest that increased oxidative stress could be potentially involved in the pathogenesis of TN. CoQ10 supplements can reduce oxidative stress, leading to more effective pain reduction in TN patients being treated with CBZ.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chutikorn Khuankaew
- a Neurophysiology Unit, Cardiac Electrophysiology Research and Training Center, Faculty of Medicine , Chiang Mai University , Chiang Mai , Thailand.,b Center of Excellence in Cardiac Electrophysiology Research , Chiang Mai University , Chiang Mai , Thailand.,c Department of Oral Biology and Diagnostic Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry , Chiang Mai University , Chiang Mai , Thailand
| | - Nattayaporn Apaijai
- a Neurophysiology Unit, Cardiac Electrophysiology Research and Training Center, Faculty of Medicine , Chiang Mai University , Chiang Mai , Thailand.,b Center of Excellence in Cardiac Electrophysiology Research , Chiang Mai University , Chiang Mai , Thailand
| | - Passakorn Sawaddiruk
- a Neurophysiology Unit, Cardiac Electrophysiology Research and Training Center, Faculty of Medicine , Chiang Mai University , Chiang Mai , Thailand.,b Center of Excellence in Cardiac Electrophysiology Research , Chiang Mai University , Chiang Mai , Thailand.,d Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine , Khon Kaen University , Khon Kaen , Thailand
| | - Thidarat Jaiwongkam
- a Neurophysiology Unit, Cardiac Electrophysiology Research and Training Center, Faculty of Medicine , Chiang Mai University , Chiang Mai , Thailand.,b Center of Excellence in Cardiac Electrophysiology Research , Chiang Mai University , Chiang Mai , Thailand
| | - Sasiwan Kerdphoo
- a Neurophysiology Unit, Cardiac Electrophysiology Research and Training Center, Faculty of Medicine , Chiang Mai University , Chiang Mai , Thailand.,b Center of Excellence in Cardiac Electrophysiology Research , Chiang Mai University , Chiang Mai , Thailand
| | - Surawut Pongsiriwet
- c Department of Oral Biology and Diagnostic Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry , Chiang Mai University , Chiang Mai , Thailand
| | - Wichittra Tassaneeyakul
- e Department of Anesthesiology, Faculty of Medicine , Chiang Mai University , Chiang Mai , Thailand
| | - Nipon Chattipakorn
- a Neurophysiology Unit, Cardiac Electrophysiology Research and Training Center, Faculty of Medicine , Chiang Mai University , Chiang Mai , Thailand.,b Center of Excellence in Cardiac Electrophysiology Research , Chiang Mai University , Chiang Mai , Thailand.,f Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine , Chiang Mai University , Chiang Mai , Thailand
| | - Siriporn C Chattipakorn
- a Neurophysiology Unit, Cardiac Electrophysiology Research and Training Center, Faculty of Medicine , Chiang Mai University , Chiang Mai , Thailand.,b Center of Excellence in Cardiac Electrophysiology Research , Chiang Mai University , Chiang Mai , Thailand.,c Department of Oral Biology and Diagnostic Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry , Chiang Mai University , Chiang Mai , Thailand
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Culmsee C, Michels S, Scheu S, Arolt V, Dannlowski U, Alferink J. Mitochondria, Microglia, and the Immune System-How Are They Linked in Affective Disorders? Front Psychiatry 2018; 9:739. [PMID: 30687139 PMCID: PMC6333629 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2018.00739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2018] [Accepted: 12/14/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Major depressive disorder (MDD) is a severe mood disorder and frequently associated with alterations of the immune system characterized by enhanced levels of circulating pro-inflammatory cytokines and microglia activation in the brain. Increasing evidence suggests that dysfunction of mitochondria may play a key role in the pathogenesis of MDD. Mitochondria are regulators of numerous cellular functions including energy metabolism, maintenance of redox and calcium homeostasis, and cell death and therefore modulate many facets of the innate immune response. In depression-like behavior of rodents, mitochondrial perturbation and release of mitochondrial components have been shown to boost cytokine production and neuroinflammation. On the other hand, pro-inflammatory cytokines may influence mitochondrial functions such as oxidative phosphorylation, production of adenosine triphosphate, and reactive oxygen species, thereby aggravating inflammation. There is strong interest in a better understanding of immunometabolic pathways in MDD that may serve as diagnostic markers and therapeutic targets. Here, we review the interaction between mitochondrial metabolism and innate immunity in the pathophysiology of MDD. We specifically focus on immunometabolic processes that govern microglial and peripheral myeloid cell functions, both cellular components involved in neuroinflammation in depression-like behavior. We finally discuss microglial polarization and associated metabolic states in depression-associated behavior and in MDD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carsten Culmsee
- Institute of Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacy, University of Marburg, Marburg, Germany.,Center for Mind, Brain and Behavior - CMBB, Marburg, Germany
| | - Susanne Michels
- Institute of Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacy, University of Marburg, Marburg, Germany.,Center for Mind, Brain and Behavior - CMBB, Marburg, Germany
| | - Stefanie Scheu
- Institute of Medical Microbiology and Hospital Hygiene, University of Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Volker Arolt
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Udo Dannlowski
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Judith Alferink
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Münster, Münster, Germany.,Cells in Motion, Cluster of Excellence, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
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Ginsenoside Re protects against phencyclidine-induced behavioral changes and mitochondrial dysfunction via interactive modulation of glutathione peroxidase-1 and NADPH oxidase in the dorsolateral cortex of mice. Food Chem Toxicol 2017; 110:300-315. [PMID: 29037473 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2017.10.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2017] [Revised: 09/21/2017] [Accepted: 10/11/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
We investigated whether ginsenoside Re (Re) modulates phencyclidine (PCP)-induced sociability deficits and recognition memory impairments to extend our recent finding. We examined the role of GPx-1 gene in the pharmacological activity of Re against mitochondrial dysfunction induced by PCP in the dorsolateral cortex of mice. Since mitochondrial oxidative stress activates NADPH oxidase (PHOX), we applied PHOX inhibitor apocynin for evaluating interactive modulation between GPx-1 and PHOX against PCP neurotoxicity. Sociability deficits and recognition memory impairments induced by PCP were more pronounced in GPx-1 knockout (KO) than in wild type (WT) mice. PCP-induced mitochondrial oxidative stress, mitochondrial dysfunction, and membrane translocation of p47phox were more evident in GPx-1 KO than in WT. Re treatment significantly attenuated PCP-induced neurotoxic changes. Re also significantly attenuated PCP-induced sociability deficits and recognition memory impairments. The attenuation by Re was comparable to that by apocynin. The attenuation was more obvious in GPx-1 KO than in WT. Importantly, apocynin did not show any additional positive effects on the neuroprotective activity of Re, indicating that PHOX is a molecular target for therapeutic activity of Re. Our results suggest that Re requires interactive modulation between GPx activity and PHOX (p47phox) to exhibit neuroprotective potentials against PCP insult.
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Ben-Shachar D. Mitochondrial multifaceted dysfunction in schizophrenia; complex I as a possible pathological target. Schizophr Res 2017; 187:3-10. [PMID: 27802911 DOI: 10.1016/j.schres.2016.10.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2016] [Revised: 10/10/2016] [Accepted: 10/14/2016] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Mitochondria are key players in various essential cellular processes beyond being the main energy supplier of the cell. Accordingly, they are involved in neuronal synaptic transmission, neuronal growth and sprouting and consequently neuronal plasticity and connectivity. In addition, mitochondria participate in the modulation of gene transcription and inflammation as well in physiological responses in health and disease. Schizophrenia is currently regarded as a neurodevelopmental disorder associated with impaired immune system, aberrant neuronal differentiation and abnormalities in various neurotransmitter systems mainly the dopaminergic, glutaminergic and GABAergic. Ample evidence has been accumulated over the last decade indicating a multifaceted dysfunction of mitochondria in schizophrenia. Indeed, mitochondrial deficit can be of relevance for the majority of the pathologies observed in this disease. In the present article, we overview specific deficits of the mitochondria in schizophrenia, with a focus on the first complex (complex I) of the mitochondrial electron transport chain (ETC). We argue that complex I, being a major factor in the regulation of mitochondrial ETC, is a possible key modulator of various functions of the mitochondria. We review biochemical, molecular, cellular and functional evidence for mitochondrial impairments and their possible convergence to impact in-vitro neuronal differentiation efficiency in schizophrenia. Mitochondrial function in schizophrenia may advance our knowledge of the disease pathophysiology and open the road for new treatment targets for the benefit of the patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dorit Ben-Shachar
- Laboratory of Psychobiology, Department of Psychiatry, Rambam Health Care Campus, B. Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Rappaport Family Institute for Research in the Medical Sciences, Technion-IIT, Haifa, Israel.
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Go YM, Jones DP. Redox theory of aging: implications for health and disease. Clin Sci (Lond) 2017; 131:1669-1688. [PMID: 28667066 PMCID: PMC5773128 DOI: 10.1042/cs20160897] [Citation(s) in RCA: 114] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2017] [Revised: 05/15/2017] [Accepted: 05/18/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Genetics ultimately defines an individual, yet the phenotype of an adult is extensively determined by the sequence of lifelong exposures, termed the exposome. The redox theory of aging recognizes that animals evolved within an oxygen-rich environment, which created a critical redox interface between an organism and its environment. Advances in redox biology show that redox elements are present throughout metabolic and structural systems and operate as functional networks to support the genome in adaptation to environmental resources and challenges during lifespan. These principles emphasize that physical and functional phenotypes of an adult are determined by gene-environment interactions from early life onward. The principles highlight the critical nature of cumulative exposure memories in defining changes in resilience progressively during life. Both plasma glutathione and cysteine systems become oxidized with aging, and the recent finding that cystine to glutathione ratio in human plasma predicts death in coronary artery disease (CAD) patients suggests this could provide a way to measure resilience of redox networks in aging and disease. The emerging concepts of cumulative gene-environment interactions warrant focused efforts to elucidate central mechanisms by which exposure memory governs health and etiology, onset and progression of disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Young-Mi Go
- Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Department of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, U.S.A
| | - Dean P Jones
- Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Department of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, U.S.A.
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Tatay-Manteiga A, Balanzá-Martínez V, Bristot G, Tabarés-Seisdedos R, Kapczinski F, Cauli O. Clinical staging and serum cytokines in bipolar patients during euthymia. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry 2017; 77:194-201. [PMID: 28445689 DOI: 10.1016/j.pnpbp.2017.04.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2017] [Revised: 04/11/2017] [Accepted: 04/21/2017] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
AIMS Changes in serum cytokines and altered neutrophin concentration have been associated with bipolar disorder (BD). Our aim here was to analyze peripheral blood biomarkers according to the clinical stages of BD. METHOD Euthymic BD-I patients were grouped according to their level of functioning in early-stage (n=25) and late-stage (n=23), and compared to healthy siblings (n=23) and genetically unrelated healthy controls (n=21). Neurotrophin (neurotrophin-3 and BDNF) concentration and biomarkers of inflammation, including cytokines (IL-6, IL-10 and TNF-α), leukocytes count and acute phase proteins, were measured. RESULTS IL-10 concentration was significantly increased in early-stage patients compared to late-stage patients, healthy siblings and controls whereas TNF-α concentration was significantly increased in late-stage patients compared to controls. Total leukocytes, neutrophil and monocyte count were significantly increased in late-stage patients compared to healthy siblings and controls. The concentration of IL-6, neurotrophin-3 and BDNF was unchanged in euthymia. Healthy siblings did not show significant changes in any biomarker. CONCLUSIONS The concentration of IL-10, TNF-α, neutrophil and monocytes subtype count in blood is altered in patients with BD during euthymic state. The link between peripheral inflammation and different stages in BD deserves further studies.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Vicent Balanzá-Martínez
- Teaching Unit of Psychiatry and Psychological Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Valencia, CIBERSAM, Valencia, Spain; Service of Psychiatry, La Fe University and Polytechnic Hospital, Valencia, Spain
| | - Giovana Bristot
- Laboratório de Psiquiatria Molecular, Centro de Pesquisas Experimentais, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre (HCPA), InstitutoNacional de Ciência e Tecnologia - Medicina Translacional (INCT-TM), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil; Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde (ICBS), Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Rafael Tabarés-Seisdedos
- Teaching Unit of Psychiatry and Psychological Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Valencia, CIBERSAM, Valencia, Spain
| | | | - Omar Cauli
- Department of Nursing, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain.
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Newton DF, Naiberg MR, Andreazza AC, Scola G, Dickstein DP, Goldstein BI. Association of Lipid Peroxidation and Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor with Executive Function in Adolescent Bipolar Disorder. Psychopharmacology (Berl) 2017; 234:647-656. [PMID: 27957714 DOI: 10.1007/s00213-016-4500-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2016] [Accepted: 11/30/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Executive dysfunction is common and impairing in youth bipolar disorder (BD), and oxidative stress (OS) and brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) have been implicated in executive deficits of adult BD. This study aimed to determine the association between OS and executive dysfunction in BD adolescents and the influence of BDNF on this association. METHODS Serum levels of lipid hydroperoxides (LPH) and 4-hydroxy-2-nonenal (4-HNE) and BDNF levels were measured in 29 BD and 25 control adolescents. The intra-extra-dimensional (IED) set-shifting task assessed executive function. Lower IED scores indicated better performance. High and low BDNF subgroups were defined by median split. RESULTS IED Z-scores were impaired in the BD group compared to controls, whereas biomarker levels were not significantly different between groups. LPH-BDNF correlations were significantly different between BD and controls (Z = 2.046, p = 0.041). In high BDNF BD subjects, LPH was significantly positively correlated with IED completed stage trials (ρ = 0.755, p = 0.001) and pre-extra-dimensional shift errors (ρ = 0.588, p = 0.017). Correlations were opposite in controls. In a linear model, LPH, BDNF, and the LPH-BDNF interaction each significantly explained variance of IED total trials (adjusted) (model r 2 = 0.187, F = 2.811, p = 0.035). CONCLUSIONS There is a negative association between LPH and executive function in BD adolescents, which may be modulated by BDNF. LPH and BDNF may be useful biomarkers of executive function in BD. These findings highlight the importance of examining multiple peripheral biomarkers in relation to cognitive functions in BD adolescents. Future studies should explore these factors in longitudinal designs to determine the directionality of observed associations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dwight F Newton
- Department of Psychiatry, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, 2075 Bayview Ave, Toronto, ON, M4N 3M5, Canada
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Toronto, Toronto, M5S 1A8, Canada
| | - Melanie R Naiberg
- Department of Psychiatry, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, 2075 Bayview Ave, Toronto, ON, M4N 3M5, Canada
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Toronto, Toronto, M5S 1A8, Canada
| | - Ana C Andreazza
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Toronto, Toronto, M5S 1A8, Canada
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, M5S 1A8, Canada
- Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, M5S 1A8, Canada
| | - Gustavo Scola
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Toronto, Toronto, M5S 1A8, Canada
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, M5S 1A8, Canada
- Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, M5S 1A8, Canada
| | | | - Benjamin I Goldstein
- Department of Psychiatry, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, 2075 Bayview Ave, Toronto, ON, M4N 3M5, Canada.
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Toronto, Toronto, M5S 1A8, Canada.
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, M5S 1A8, Canada.
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de Oliveira MR, da Costa Ferreira G, Brasil FB, Peres A. Pinocembrin Suppresses H2O2-Induced Mitochondrial Dysfunction by a Mechanism Dependent on the Nrf2/HO-1 Axis in SH-SY5Y Cells. Mol Neurobiol 2017; 55:989-1003. [DOI: 10.1007/s12035-016-0380-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2016] [Accepted: 12/30/2016] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
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Hormesis, cellular stress response and neuroinflammation in schizophrenia: Early onset versus late onset state. J Neurosci Res 2016; 95:1182-1193. [DOI: 10.1002/jnr.23967] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2016] [Revised: 09/25/2016] [Accepted: 09/26/2016] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
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Cingi Yirün M, Ünal K, Altunsoy Şen N, Yirün O, Aydemir Ç, Göka E. Evaluation of Oxidative Stress in Bipolar Disorder in terms of Total Oxidant Status, Total Antioxidant Status, and Oxidative Stress Index. Noro Psikiyatr Ars 2016; 53:194-198. [PMID: 28373794 DOI: 10.5152/npa.2015.10123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2014] [Accepted: 06/11/2015] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Bipolar disorder is one of the most debilitating psychiatric disorders characterized by disruptive episodes of mania/hypomania and depression. Considering the complex role of biological and environmental factors in the etiology of affective disorders, recent studies have focused on oxidative stress, which may damage nerve cell components and take part in pathophysiology. The aim of the present study was to contribute to the data about oxidative stress in bipolar disorder by detecting the total antioxidant status (TAS), total oxidant status (TOS), and oxidative stress index (OSI) levels of manic episode (ME) and euthymic (EU) patients and by comparing these results with those of healthy controls (HCs). METHODS The study population consisted of 28 EU outpatients meeting the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fifth Edition (DSM-5) criteria for bipolar disorder I and 23 inpatients who were currently hospitalized in a psychiatry ward with the diagnosis of the bipolar disorder ME according to the DSM-5 criteria. Forty-three healthy subjects were included in the study as the control group (HC). Serum TAS, TOS, and OSI levels of all the participants were determined. RESULTS Statistical analysis of serum TAS, TOS, and OSI levels did not show any significant differences between the ME patients, EU patients, and HCs. Comparison between the bipolar disorder patients (ME+EU) and HC also did not reveal any statistically significant difference between these two groups in terms of serum TAS, TOS, and OSI levels. CONCLUSION To date, studies on oxidative stress in bipolar disorder have led to controversial results. In the present study, no statistically significant difference was detected between the oxidative parameters of bipolar disorder patients and HCs. In order to comprehensively evaluate oxidative stress in bipolar disorder, further studies are needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Merve Cingi Yirün
- Clinic of Psychiatry, Ankara Numune Training and Research Hospital, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Kübranur Ünal
- Clinic of Biochemistry, Ankara Numune Training and Research Hospital, Ankara, Turkey
| | | | - Onur Yirün
- Clinic of Psychiatry, Ankara Numune Training and Research Hospital, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Çiğdem Aydemir
- Clinic of Psychiatry, Ankara Numune Training and Research Hospital, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Erol Göka
- Clinic of Psychiatry, Ankara Numune Training and Research Hospital, Ankara, Turkey
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Cuturic M, Abramson RK, Breen RJ, Edwards AC, Levy EE. Comparison of serum carnitine levels and clinical correlates between outpatients and acutely hospitalised individuals with bipolar disorder and schizophrenia: A cross-sectional study. World J Biol Psychiatry 2016; 17:475-9. [PMID: 27088656 DOI: 10.1080/15622975.2016.1178803] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES We sought to compare serum carnitine levels and clinical correlates between stable outpatients and acutely hospitalised individuals with diagnoses of bipolar disorder and schizophrenia. METHODS We obtained clinical information as well as serum levels for total and free carnitine, high-density lipoprotein (HDL) and triglycerides in 60 consenting individuals. RESULTS We found higher total serum carnitine levels in our outpatient group in comparison to acutely hospitalised psychiatric patients, with a statistically significant P value of 0.045. Metabolic syndrome was more prevalent in the outpatient (37.9%) versus inpatient group (16.1%). We identified significantly higher carnitine levels in patients who met the criteria for metabolic syndrome in comparison to the patients without metabolic syndrome, with respective P values for total and free carnitine of 0.0048 and 0.0029. CONCLUSIONS This study revealed a complex relationship among carnitine metabolism, metabolic syndrome and behavioural outcomes. Future studies of carnitine metabolism in the context of mental illness as well as metabolic syndrome are warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miroslav Cuturic
- a Departments of Mental Health and Neurology , University of South Carolina School of Medicine , Columbia , SC , USA
| | - Ruth K Abramson
- b Department of Neuropsychiatry and Behavioral Science , University of South Carolina School of Medicine , Columbia , SC , USA
| | - Robert J Breen
- c Departments of Mental Health and Neuropsychiatry and Behavioral Science , University of South Carolina School of Medicine , Columbia , SC , USA
| | | | - Elliott E Levy
- e Departments of Mental Health and Psychiatry & Behavioral Science , Medical University of South Carolina , Charleston , SC , USA
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Machado AK, Pan AY, da Silva TM, Duong A, Andreazza AC. Upstream Pathways Controlling Mitochondrial Function in Major Psychosis: A Focus on Bipolar Disorder. CANADIAN JOURNAL OF PSYCHIATRY. REVUE CANADIENNE DE PSYCHIATRIE 2016; 61:446-56. [PMID: 27310240 PMCID: PMC4959649 DOI: 10.1177/0706743716648297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Mitochondrial dysfunction is commonly observed in bipolar disorder (BD) and schizophrenia (SCZ) and may be a central feature of psychosis. These illnesses are complex and heterogeneous, which is reflected by the complexity of the processes regulating mitochondrial function. Mitochondria are typically associated with energy production; however, dysfunction of mitochondria affects not only energy production but also vital cellular processes, including the formation of reactive oxygen species, cell cycle and survival, intracellular Ca(2+) homeostasis, and neurotransmission. In this review, we characterize the upstream components controlling mitochondrial function, including 1) mutations in nuclear and mitochondrial DNA, 2) mitochondrial dynamics, and 3) intracellular Ca(2+) homeostasis. Characterizing and understanding the upstream factors that regulate mitochondrial function is essential to understand progression of these illnesses and develop biomarkers and therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alencar Kolinski Machado
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario Federal University of Santa Maria, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil Both authors contributed equally to this article
| | - Alexander Yongshuai Pan
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario Both authors contributed equally to this article
| | - Tatiane Morgana da Silva
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario Federal University of Pelotas, Pelotas, RS, Brazil
| | - Angela Duong
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario
| | - Ana Cristina Andreazza
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Ontario
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Scaini G, Rezin GT, Carvalho AF, Streck EL, Berk M, Quevedo J. Mitochondrial dysfunction in bipolar disorder: Evidence, pathophysiology and translational implications. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2016; 68:694-713. [PMID: 27377693 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2016.06.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 109] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2015] [Revised: 06/26/2016] [Accepted: 06/30/2016] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Bipolar disorder (BD) is a chronic psychiatric illness characterized by severe and biphasic changes in mood. Several pathophysiological mechanisms have been hypothesized to underpin the neurobiology of BD, including the presence of mitochondrial dysfunction. A confluence of evidence points to an underlying dysfunction of mitochondria, including decreases in mitochondrial respiration, high-energy phosphates and pH; changes in mitochondrial morphology; increases in mitochondrial DNA polymorphisms; and downregulation of nuclear mRNA molecules and proteins involved in mitochondrial respiration. Mitochondria play a pivotal role in neuronal cell survival or death as regulators of both energy metabolism and cell survival and death pathways. Thus, in this review, we discuss the genetic and physiological components of mitochondria and the evidence for mitochondrial abnormalities in BD. The final part of this review discusses mitochondria as a potential target of therapeutic interventions in BD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giselli Scaini
- Translational Psychiatry Program, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston (UTHealth), Houston, TX, USA; Laboratory of Bioenergetics, Graduate Program in Health Sciences, Health Sciences Unit, Universidade do Extremo Sul Catarinense, Criciúma, SC, Brazil
| | - Gislaine T Rezin
- Laboratory of Clinical and Experimental Pathophysiology, Graduate Program in Health Sciences, Universidade do Sul de Santa Catarina, Tubarão, SC, Brazil
| | - Andre F Carvalho
- Translational Psychiatry Research Group and Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Ceara, Fortaleza, CE, Brazil
| | - Emilio L Streck
- Laboratory of Bioenergetics, Graduate Program in Health Sciences, Health Sciences Unit, Universidade do Extremo Sul Catarinense, Criciúma, SC, Brazil
| | - Michael Berk
- Deakin University, IMPACT Strategic Research Centre, School of Medicine, Faculty of Health, Geelong, Victoria, Australia; Orygen, The National Centre of Excellence in Youth Mental Health and The Centre for Youth Mental Health, The Department of Psychiatry and The Florey Institute for Neuroscience and Mental Health, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia
| | - João Quevedo
- Translational Psychiatry Program, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston (UTHealth), Houston, TX, USA; Center of Excellence on Mood Disorders, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston (UTHealth), Houston, TX, USA; Neuroscience Graduate Program, The University of Texas Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences at Houston, Houston, TX, USA; Laboratory of Neurosciences, Graduate Program in Health Sciences, Health Sciences Unit, University of Southern Santa Catarina (UNESC), Criciúma, SC, Brazil.
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