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Borowska AM, Chiariello MG, Garaeva AA, Rheinberger J, Marrink SJ, Paulino C, Slotboom DJ. Structural basis of the obligatory exchange mode of human neutral amino acid transporter ASCT2. Nat Commun 2024; 15:6570. [PMID: 39095408 PMCID: PMC11297037 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-50888-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2023] [Accepted: 07/23/2024] [Indexed: 08/04/2024] Open
Abstract
ASCT2 is an obligate exchanger of neutral amino acids, contributing to cellular amino acid homeostasis. ASCT2 belongs to the same family (SLC1) as Excitatory Amino Acid Transporters (EAATs) that concentrate glutamate in the cytosol. The mechanism that makes ASCT2 an exchanger rather than a concentrator remains enigmatic. Here, we employ cryo-electron microscopy and molecular dynamics simulations to elucidate the structural basis of the exchange mechanism of ASCT2. We establish that ASCT2 binds three Na+ ions per transported substrate and visits a state that likely acts as checkpoint in preventing Na+ ion leakage, both features shared with EAATs. However, in contrast to EAATs, ASCT2 retains one Na+ ion even under Na+-depleted conditions. We demonstrate that ASCT2 cannot undergo the structural transition in TM7 that is essential for the concentrative transport cycle of EAATs. This structural rigidity and the high-affinity Na+ binding site effectively confine ASCT2 to an exchange mode.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna M Borowska
- Faculty of Science and Engineering, Groningen Biomolecular Sciences and Biotechnology, Membrane Enzymology Group, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Maria Gabriella Chiariello
- Faculty of Science and Engineering, Groningen Biomolecular Sciences and Biotechnology Institute, Molecular Dynamics Group, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Alisa A Garaeva
- Faculty of Science and Engineering, Groningen Biomolecular Sciences and Biotechnology, Membrane Enzymology Group, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
- Institute of Medical Microbiology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Jan Rheinberger
- Faculty of Science and Engineering, Groningen Biomolecular Sciences and Biotechnology, Membrane Enzymology Group, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
- Biochemistry Center Heidelberg, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Siewert J Marrink
- Faculty of Science and Engineering, Groningen Biomolecular Sciences and Biotechnology Institute, Molecular Dynamics Group, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Cristina Paulino
- Faculty of Science and Engineering, Groningen Biomolecular Sciences and Biotechnology, Membrane Enzymology Group, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands.
- Biochemistry Center Heidelberg, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany.
| | - Dirk J Slotboom
- Faculty of Science and Engineering, Groningen Biomolecular Sciences and Biotechnology, Membrane Enzymology Group, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands.
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Vázquez-Durán DL, Ortega A, Rodríguez A. Amino Acid Transporters Proteins Involved in the Glutamate-Glutamine Cycle and Their Alterations in Murine Models of Alzheimer's Disease. Mol Neurobiol 2024; 61:6077-6088. [PMID: 38273046 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-024-03966-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2023] [Accepted: 01/16/2024] [Indexed: 01/27/2024]
Abstract
The brain's ability to integrate external stimuli and generate responses is highly complex. While these mechanisms are not completely understood, current evidence suggests that alterations in cellular metabolism and microenvironment are involved in some dysfunctions as complex as Alzheimer's disease. This pathology courses with defects in the establishment of chemical synapses, which is dependent on the production and supply of neurotransmitters like glutamate and its recycling through the glutamate-glutamine cycle. Alterations in the expression and function of the amino acid transporters proteins involved in this cycle have recently been reported in different stages of Alzheimer's disease. Most of these data come from patients in advanced stages of the disease or post-mortem, due to the ethical and technical limitations of human studies. Therefore, genetically modified mouse models have been an excellent tool to analyze metabolic and even behavioral parameters that are very similar to those that develop in Alzheimer's disease, even at presymptomatic stages. Hence, this paper analyzes the role of glutamate metabolism and its intercellular trafficking in excitatory synapses from different approaches using transgenic mouse models; such an analysis will contribute to our present understanding of AD.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Arturo Ortega
- Departamento de Toxicología, Cinvestav- IPN, Mexico City, México
| | - Angelina Rodríguez
- Facultad de Ciencias Naturales, Universidad Autónoma de Querétaro, Santiago de Querétaro, México.
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3
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Yamaguchi Y, Ikeba K, Yoshida MA, Takagi W. Molecular basis of the unique osmoregulatory strategy in the inshore hagfish, Eptatretus burgeri. Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol 2024; 327:R208-R233. [PMID: 38105762 DOI: 10.1152/ajpregu.00166.2023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2023] [Revised: 12/05/2023] [Accepted: 12/11/2023] [Indexed: 12/19/2023]
Abstract
Hagfishes are characterized by omo- and iono-conforming nature similar to marine invertebrates. Conventionally, hagfishes had been recognized as the most primitive living vertebrate that retains plesiomorphic features. However, some of the "ancestral" features of hagfishes, such as rudimentary eyes and the lack of vertebrae, have been proven to be deceptive. Similarly, by the principle of maximum parsimony, the unique body fluid regulatory strategy of hagfishes seems to be apomorphic, since the lamprey, another cyclostome, adopts osmo- and iono-regulatory mechanisms as in jawed vertebrates. Although hagfishes are unequivocally important in discussing the origin and evolution of the vertebrate osmoregulatory system, the molecular basis for the body fluid homeostasis in hagfishes has been poorly understood. In the present study, we explored this matter in the inshore hagfish, Eptatretus burgeri, by analyzing the transcriptomes obtained from the gill, kidney, and muscle of the animals acclimated to distinct environmental salinities. Together with the measurement of parameters in the muscular fluid compartment, our data indicate that the hagfish possesses an ability to conduct free amino acid (FAA)-based osmoregulation at a cellular level, which is in coordination with the renal and branchial FAA absorption. We also revealed that the hagfish does possess the orthologs of the known osmoregulatory genes and that the transepithelial movement of inorganic ions in the hagfish gill and kidney is more complex than previously thought. These observations pose a challenge to the conventional view that the physiological features of hagfishes have been inherited from the last common ancestor of the extant vertebrates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoko Yamaguchi
- Institute of Agricultural and Life Sciences, Academic Assembly, Shimane University, Matsue, Japan
| | - Kiriko Ikeba
- Laboratory of Physiology, Atmosphere and Ocean Research Institute, The University of Tokyo, Kashiwa, Japan
| | - Masa-Aki Yoshida
- Institute of Agricultural and Life Sciences, Academic Assembly, Shimane University, Matsue, Japan
- Marine Biological Science Section, Education and Research Center for Biological Resources, Faculty of Life and Environmental Science, Shimane University, Okinoshima, Japan
| | - Wataru Takagi
- Laboratory of Physiology, Atmosphere and Ocean Research Institute, The University of Tokyo, Kashiwa, Japan
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Gruenbaum BF, Schonwald A, Boyko M, Zlotnik A. The Role of Glutamate and Blood-Brain Barrier Disruption as a Mechanistic Link between Epilepsy and Depression. Cells 2024; 13:1228. [PMID: 39056809 PMCID: PMC11275034 DOI: 10.3390/cells13141228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2024] [Revised: 07/10/2024] [Accepted: 07/19/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Epilepsy is associated with substantial neuropsychiatric impairments that persist long after the onset of the condition, significantly impacting quality of life. The goal of this review was to uncover how the pathological consequences of epilepsy, such as excessive glutamate release and a disrupted blood-brain barrier (BBB), contribute to the emergence of neuropsychiatric disorders. We hypothesize that epilepsy induces a dysfunctional BBB through hyperexcitation, which then further amplifies post-ictal glutamate levels and, thus, triggers neurodegenerative and neuropsychiatric processes. This review identifies the determinants of glutamate concentration levels in the brain and explores potential therapeutic interventions that restore BBB integrity. Our focus on therapeutic BBB restoration is guided by the premise that it may improve glutamate regulation, consequently mitigating the neurotoxicity that contributes to the onset of neuropsychiatric symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin F. Gruenbaum
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL 32224, USA
| | | | - Matthew Boyko
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care, Soroka University Medical Center, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva 84101, Israel; (M.B.); (A.Z.)
| | - Alexander Zlotnik
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care, Soroka University Medical Center, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva 84101, Israel; (M.B.); (A.Z.)
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Yuan B, Zhang Q, Zhang B, Li J, Chen W, Zhao Y, Dong W, Zhang Y, Zhao X, Gao Y. Exploring the Mechanism of H 2S Synthesis in Male Bactrian Camel Poll Glands Based on Data Independent Acquisition Proteomics and Non-Targeted Metabolomics. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:7700. [PMID: 39062942 PMCID: PMC11276878 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25147700] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2024] [Revised: 06/28/2024] [Accepted: 07/11/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024] Open
Abstract
During estrus, the poll glands of male Bactrian Camels (Camelus Bactrianus) become slightly raised, exuding a large amount of pale yellow watery secretion with a characteristic odor that may contain hydrogen sulfide (H2S). However, whether H2S can be synthesized in the poll glands of male Bactrian Camels and its role in inducing camel estrus remains unclear. This study aimed to identify differentially expressed proteins (DEPs) and signaling pathways in the poll gland tissues of male Bactrian Camels using data independent acquisition (DIA) proteomics. Additionally, gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) was performed to identify differentially expressed metabolites (DEMs) in the neck hair containing secretions during estrus in male Bactrian Camels, to explore the specific expression patterns and mechanisms in the poll glands of camels during estrus. The results showed that cystathionine-γ-lyase (CTH) and cystathionine-β-synthase (CBS), which are closely related to H2S synthesis in camel poll glands during estrus, were mainly enriched in glycine, serine, and threonine metabolism, amino acid biosynthesis, and metabolic pathways. In addition, both enzymes were widely distributed and highly expressed in the acinar cells of poll gland tissues in camels during estrus. Meanwhile, the neck hair secretion contains high levels of amino acids, especially glycine, serine, threonine, and cystathionine, which are precursors for H2S biosynthesis. These results demonstrate that the poll glands of male Bactrian Camels can synthesize and secrete H2S during estrus. This study provides a basis for exploring the function and mechanism of H2S in the estrus of Bactrian Camels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bao Yuan
- College of Life Science and Technology, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China; (B.Y.); (J.L.); (W.C.); (Y.Z.); (Y.Z.); (X.Z.)
- Gansu Key Laboratory of Animal Reproductive Physiology and Reproductive Regulation, Lanzhou 730070, China; (B.Z.); (W.D.)
| | - Quanwei Zhang
- College of Life Science and Technology, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China; (B.Y.); (J.L.); (W.C.); (Y.Z.); (Y.Z.); (X.Z.)
- Gansu Key Laboratory of Animal Reproductive Physiology and Reproductive Regulation, Lanzhou 730070, China; (B.Z.); (W.D.)
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China
| | - Bohao Zhang
- Gansu Key Laboratory of Animal Reproductive Physiology and Reproductive Regulation, Lanzhou 730070, China; (B.Z.); (W.D.)
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China
| | - Jianfu Li
- College of Life Science and Technology, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China; (B.Y.); (J.L.); (W.C.); (Y.Z.); (Y.Z.); (X.Z.)
- Gansu Key Laboratory of Animal Reproductive Physiology and Reproductive Regulation, Lanzhou 730070, China; (B.Z.); (W.D.)
| | - Wenli Chen
- College of Life Science and Technology, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China; (B.Y.); (J.L.); (W.C.); (Y.Z.); (Y.Z.); (X.Z.)
- Gansu Key Laboratory of Animal Reproductive Physiology and Reproductive Regulation, Lanzhou 730070, China; (B.Z.); (W.D.)
| | - Yu Zhao
- College of Life Science and Technology, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China; (B.Y.); (J.L.); (W.C.); (Y.Z.); (Y.Z.); (X.Z.)
- Gansu Key Laboratory of Animal Reproductive Physiology and Reproductive Regulation, Lanzhou 730070, China; (B.Z.); (W.D.)
| | - Weitao Dong
- Gansu Key Laboratory of Animal Reproductive Physiology and Reproductive Regulation, Lanzhou 730070, China; (B.Z.); (W.D.)
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China
| | - Yong Zhang
- College of Life Science and Technology, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China; (B.Y.); (J.L.); (W.C.); (Y.Z.); (Y.Z.); (X.Z.)
- Gansu Key Laboratory of Animal Reproductive Physiology and Reproductive Regulation, Lanzhou 730070, China; (B.Z.); (W.D.)
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China
| | - Xingxu Zhao
- College of Life Science and Technology, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China; (B.Y.); (J.L.); (W.C.); (Y.Z.); (Y.Z.); (X.Z.)
- Gansu Key Laboratory of Animal Reproductive Physiology and Reproductive Regulation, Lanzhou 730070, China; (B.Z.); (W.D.)
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China
| | - Yuan Gao
- College of Life Science and Technology, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China; (B.Y.); (J.L.); (W.C.); (Y.Z.); (Y.Z.); (X.Z.)
- Gansu Key Laboratory of Animal Reproductive Physiology and Reproductive Regulation, Lanzhou 730070, China; (B.Z.); (W.D.)
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Ajao AM, Liu G, Taylor J, Ball MEE, Mercier Y, Applegate TJ, Selvaraj R, Kyriazakis I, Kim WK, Olukosi OA. Phase-specific outcmes of arginine or branched-chain amino acids supplementation in low crude protein diets on performance, nutrient digestibility, and expression of tissue protein synthesis and degradation in broiler chickens infected with mixed Eimeria spp. Poult Sci 2024; 103:103811. [PMID: 38763061 PMCID: PMC11111822 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2024.103811] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2024] [Revised: 04/23/2024] [Accepted: 04/24/2024] [Indexed: 05/21/2024] Open
Abstract
A 35-d study investigated the impact of dietary supplementation with Arginine (Arg) or branched-chain amino acids (BCAA) of broilers receiving low-protein diets whilst infected with mixed Eimeria species. All birds were given the same starter (d0-10) and finisher (d28-35) diets. The 4 grower diets used were a positive control (PC) with adequate protein (18.5%), a low protein diet (NC;16.5% CP), or the NC supplemented with Arg or BCAA. Supplemental AA was added at 50% above the recommended levels. The treatments were in a 4 × 2 factorial arrangement, with 4 diets, with or without Eimeria inoculation on d14. Birds and feed were weighed after inoculation in phases: prepatent (d14-17), acute (d18-21), recovery (d22-28), and compensatory (d29-35). Ileal digesta, jejunum, and breast tissue were collected on d21, 28, and 35. There was no diet × Eimeria inoculation on growth performance at any phase. Infected birds weighed less and consumed less feed (P < 0.05) in all phases. In the prepatent and acute phases, birds on the Arg diets had higher weight gain (P < 0.05) and lower FCR, similar to PC, when compared to NC and BCAA-fed ones. Infection reduced AA digestibility on d21 and 28 (Met and Cys). However, birds that received supplemental AA had higher digestibility (P < 0.05) of their respective supplemented AA on d 21 only. Infected birds had lower (P < 0.05) BO + AT and higher PEPT1 expression on d21. There was a diet × Eimeria interaction (P = 0.004) on gene expression at d28; 4EBP1 genes were significantly downwardly expressed (P < 0.05) in birds fed Arg diet, irrespective of infection. Infected birds exhibited an upward expression (P < 0.05) of Eef2 on d21 and d28 but experienced a downward expression on d35. Supplemental Arg and BCAA had variable effects on growth performance, apparent ileal AA digestibility, and genes of protein synthesis and degradation, but the effect of Arg on promoting weight gain, irrespective of the Eimeria challenge, was more consistent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adeleye M Ajao
- Department of Poultry Science, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA
| | - Guanchen Liu
- Department of Poultry Science, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA
| | - James Taylor
- Agri-Food & Biosciences Institute (AFBI), Belfast, BT9 5PX, United Kingdom
| | - M Elizabeth E Ball
- Institute for Global Food Security, Queen's University, Belfast, BT9 5DL, United Kingdom
| | | | - Todd J Applegate
- Department of Poultry Science, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA
| | - Ramesh Selvaraj
- Department of Poultry Science, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA
| | - Ilias Kyriazakis
- Agri-Food & Biosciences Institute (AFBI), Belfast, BT9 5PX, United Kingdom; Institute for Global Food Security, Queen's University, Belfast, BT9 5DL, United Kingdom
| | - Woo K Kim
- Department of Poultry Science, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA
| | - Oluyinka A Olukosi
- Department of Poultry Science, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA.
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Adla SK, Virtanen H, Thongsodsaeng T, Huttunen KM. Amino acid transporters in neurological disorders and neuroprotective effects of cysteine derivatives. Neurochem Int 2024; 177:105771. [PMID: 38761853 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuint.2024.105771] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2024] [Revised: 05/14/2024] [Accepted: 05/15/2024] [Indexed: 05/20/2024]
Abstract
For most diseases and disorders occurring in the brain, the full causes behind them are yet unknown, but many show signs of dysfunction of amino acid transporters or abnormalities in amino acid metabolism. The blood-brain barrier (BBB) plays a key role in supporting the function of the central nervous system (CNS). Because of its unique structure, the BBB can maintain the optimal environment for CNS by controlling the passage of hydrophilic molecules from blood to the brain. Nutrients, such as amino acids, can cross the BBB via specific transporters. Many amino acids are essential for CNS function, and dysfunction of these amino acid transporters can lead to abnormalities in amino acid levels. This has been linked to causes behind certain genetic brain diseases, such as schizophrenia, autism spectrum disorder, and Huntington's disease (HD). One example of crucial amino acids is L-Cys, the rate-limiting factor in the biosynthesis of an important antioxidant, glutathione (GSH). Deficiency of L-Cys and GSH has been linked to oxidative stress and has been shown as a plausible cause behind certain CNS diseases, like schizophrenia and HD. This review presents the current status of potential L-Cys therapies and gives future directions that can be taken to improve amino acid transportation related to distinct CNS diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Santosh Kumar Adla
- School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, P.O. Box 1627, FI-70211, Kuopio, Finland.
| | - Heinileena Virtanen
- School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, P.O. Box 1627, FI-70211, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Thanavit Thongsodsaeng
- School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, P.O. Box 1627, FI-70211, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Kristiina M Huttunen
- School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, P.O. Box 1627, FI-70211, Kuopio, Finland
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Shimada H, Powell TL, Jansson T. Regulation of placental amino acid transport in health and disease. Acta Physiol (Oxf) 2024; 240:e14157. [PMID: 38711335 PMCID: PMC11162343 DOI: 10.1111/apha.14157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2024] [Revised: 04/19/2024] [Accepted: 04/23/2024] [Indexed: 05/08/2024]
Abstract
Abnormal fetal growth, i.e., intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR) or fetal growth restriction (FGR) and fetal overgrowth, is associated with increased perinatal morbidity and mortality and is strongly linked to the development of metabolic and cardiovascular disease in childhood and later in life. Emerging evidence suggests that changes in placental amino acid transport may contribute to abnormal fetal growth. This review is focused on amino acid transport in the human placenta, however, relevant animal models will be discussed to add mechanistic insights. At least 25 distinct amino acid transporters with different characteristics and substrate preferences have been identified in the human placenta. Of these, System A, transporting neutral nonessential amino acids, and System L, mediating the transport of essential amino acids, have been studied in some detail. Importantly, decreased placental Systems A and L transporter activity is strongly associated with IUGR and increased placental activity of these two amino acid transporters has been linked to fetal overgrowth in human pregnancy. An array of factors in the maternal circulation, including insulin, IGF-1, and adiponectin, and placental signaling pathways such as mTOR, have been identified as key regulators of placental Systems A and L. Studies using trophoblast-specific gene targeting in mice have provided compelling evidence that changes in placental Systems A and L are mechanistically linked to altered fetal growth. It is possible that targeting specific placental amino acid transporters or their upstream regulators represents a novel intervention to alleviate the short- and long-term consequences of abnormal fetal growth in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroshi Shimada
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology University of Colorado, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, US
- Departments of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Sapporo Medical University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Theresa L Powell
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology University of Colorado, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, US
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, US
| | - Thomas Jansson
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology University of Colorado, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, US
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Cruchaga C, Bradley J, Western D, Wang C, Lucio Da Fonseca E, Neupane A, Kurup J, Ray NI, Jean-Francois M, Gorijala P, Bergmann K, Budde J, Martin E, Pericak-Vance M, Cuccaro M, Kunkle B, Morris J, Holtzman D, Perrin R, Naj A, Haines J, Schellenberg G, Fernandez V, Reitz C, Beecham G. Novel early-onset Alzheimer-associated genes influence risk through dysregulation of glutamate, immune activation, and intracell signaling pathways. RESEARCH SQUARE 2024:rs.3.rs-4480585. [PMID: 38883718 PMCID: PMC11177996 DOI: 10.21203/rs.3.rs-4480585/v1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/18/2024]
Abstract
Alzheimer Disease (AD) is a highly polygenic disease that presents with relatively earlier onset (≤70yo; EOAD) in about 5% of cases. Around 90% of these EOAD cases remain unexplained by pathogenic mutations. Using data from EOAD cases and controls, we performed a genome-wide association study (GWAS) and trans-ancestry meta-analysis on non-Hispanic Whites (NHW, NCase=6,282, NControl=13,386), African Americans (AA NCase=782, NControl=3,663) and East Asians (NCase=375, NControl=838 CO). We identified eight novel significant loci: six in the ancestry-specific analyses and two in the trans-ancestry analysis. By integrating gene-based analysis, eQTL, pQTL and functional annotations, we nominate four novel genes that are involved in microglia activation, glutamate production, and signaling pathways. These results indicate that EOAD, although sharing many genes with LOAD, harbors unique genes and pathways that could be used to create better prediction models or target identification for this type of AD.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Daniel Western
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Michael Cuccaro
- The John P. Hussman Institute for Human Genomics, University of Miami, Miami, Florida
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Zhang G, Yu J, Wan Y. USP48 deubiquitination stabilizes SLC1A5 to inhibit retinal pigment epithelium cell inflammation, oxidative stress and ferroptosis in the progression of diabetic retinopathy. J Bioenerg Biomembr 2024; 56:311-321. [PMID: 38427128 DOI: 10.1007/s10863-024-10008-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2023] [Accepted: 02/26/2024] [Indexed: 03/02/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Diabetic retinopathy is one of the complications of diabetes mellitus. The aim of this study was to explore the effects of ubiquitin-specific protease 48 (USP48) and its underlying mechanisms in the development of diabetic retinopathy. METHODS CCK-8 assay, EdU assay, and flow cytometry were used to measure the proliferative ability and the apoptotic rate of ARPE-19 cells, respectively. ELISA kits were utilized to assess the levels of inflammatory cytokines. The levels of Fe2+, ROS and MDA were detected using the corresponding biochemical kits. The protein expression of USP48 and SLC1A5 was examined through western blot. The mRNA level of SLC1A5 was determined using RT-qPCR. The interaction relationship between USP48 and SLC1A5 was evaluated using Co-IP assay. RESULTS High glucose (HG) treatment significantly inhibited cell proliferation and elevated cell apoptosis, inflammation, ferroptosis and oxidative stress in ARPE-19 cells. HG treatment-caused cell damage was hindered by USP48 or SLC1A5 overexpression in ARPE-19 cells. Fer-1 treatment improved HG-caused cell damage in ARPE-19 cells, which was blocked by USP48 knockdown. Moreover, USP48 knockdown decreased SLC1A5 expression. SLC1A5 downregulation reversed the improvement effects of USP48 upregulation on cell damage in HG-treated ARPE-19 cells. CONCLUSION USP48 overexpression deubiquitinated SLC1A5 to elevate cell proliferation and suppress cell apoptosis, inflammation, ferroptosis and oxidative stress in HG-triggered ARPE-19 cells, thereby inhibiting the progression of diabetic retinopathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guoping Zhang
- Department of Endocrinology, Nanyang First People's Hospital, Nanyang, 473010, China
| | - Jinsong Yu
- Department of Thyroid and Breast Surgery, Nanyang First People's Hospital, Nanyang, 473010, China
- Nanyang Key Laboratory of Thyroid Tumor Prevention and Treatment, Nanyang, 473010, China
| | - Youping Wan
- The Second Department of Cardiology, Nanyang First People's Hospital, No. 1099, Renmin South Road, Nanyang, 473010, China.
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11
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Gong Y, Haeri M, Zhang X, Li Y, Liu A, Wu D, Zhang Q, Jazwinski SM, Zhou X, Wang X, Jiang L, Chen YP, Yan X, Swerdlow RH, Shen H, Deng HW. Spatial Dissection of the Distinct Cellular Responses to Normal Aging and Alzheimer's Disease in Human Prefrontal Cortex at Single-Nucleus Resolution. MEDRXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR HEALTH SCIENCES 2024:2024.05.21.24306783. [PMID: 38826275 PMCID: PMC11142279 DOI: 10.1101/2024.05.21.24306783] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2024]
Abstract
Aging significantly elevates the risk for Alzheimer's disease (AD), contributing to the accumulation of AD pathologies, such as amyloid-β (Aβ), inflammation, and oxidative stress. The human prefrontal cortex (PFC) is highly vulnerable to the impacts of both aging and AD. Unveiling and understanding the molecular alterations in PFC associated with normal aging (NA) and AD is essential for elucidating the mechanisms of AD progression and developing novel therapeutics for this devastating disease. In this study, for the first time, we employed a cutting-edge spatial transcriptome platform, STOmics® SpaTial Enhanced Resolution Omics-sequencing (Stereo-seq), to generate the first comprehensive, subcellular resolution spatial transcriptome atlas of the human PFC from six AD cases at various neuropathological stages and six age, sex, and ethnicity matched controls. Our analyses revealed distinct transcriptional alterations across six neocortex layers, highlighted the AD-associated disruptions in laminar architecture, and identified changes in layer-to-layer interactions as AD progresses. Further, throughout the progression from NA to various stages of AD, we discovered specific genes that were significantly upregulated in neurons experiencing high stress and in nearby non-neuronal cells, compared to cells distant from the source of stress. Notably, the cell-cell interactions between the neurons under the high stress and adjacent glial cells that promote Aβ clearance and neuroprotection were diminished in AD in response to stressors compared to NA. Through cell-type specific gene co-expression analysis, we identified three modules in excitatory and inhibitory neurons associated with neuronal protection, protein dephosphorylation, and negative regulation of Aβ plaque formation. These modules negatively correlated with AD progression, indicating a reduced capacity for toxic substance clearance in AD subject samples. Moreover, we have discovered a novel transcription factor, ZNF460, that regulates all three modules, establishing it as a potential new therapeutic target for AD. Overall, utilizing the latest spatial transcriptome platform, our study developed the first transcriptome-wide atlas with subcellular resolution for assessing the molecular alterations in the human PFC due to AD. This atlas sheds light on the potential mechanisms underlying the progression from NA to AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun Gong
- Tulane Center for Biomedical Informatics and Genomics, Deming Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA, 70112, USA
| | - Mohammad Haeri
- Department of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, MO, 66160, USA
| | - Xiao Zhang
- Tulane Center for Biomedical Informatics and Genomics, Deming Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA, 70112, USA
| | - Yisu Li
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, School of Science of Engineering, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA, 70118, USA
| | - Anqi Liu
- Tulane Center for Biomedical Informatics and Genomics, Deming Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA, 70112, USA
| | - Di Wu
- Tulane Center for Biomedical Informatics and Genomics, Deming Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA, 70112, USA
| | - Qilei Zhang
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410008, China
| | - S. Michal Jazwinski
- Tulane Center for Aging, Deming Department of Medicine, Tulane University School of Medicne, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA
| | - Xiang Zhou
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Xiaoying Wang
- Clinical Neuroscience Research Center, Departments of Neurosurgery and Neurology, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA
| | - Lindong Jiang
- Tulane Center for Biomedical Informatics and Genomics, Deming Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA, 70112, USA
| | - Yi-Ping Chen
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, School of Science of Engineering, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA, 70118, USA
| | - Xiaoxin Yan
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410008, China
| | - Russell H. Swerdlow
- Department of Neurology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, MO, 66160, USA
| | - Hui Shen
- Tulane Center for Biomedical Informatics and Genomics, Deming Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA, 70112, USA
| | - Hong-Wen Deng
- Tulane Center for Biomedical Informatics and Genomics, Deming Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA, 70112, USA
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12
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Lyda BR, Leary GP, Farnsworth J, Seaver B, Silvius D, Kavanaugh MP, Esslinger CS, Natale NR. Discovery and Synthesis of Hydroxy-l-Proline Blockers of the Neutral Amino Acid Transporters SLC1A4 (ASCT1) and SLC1A5 (ASCT2). Molecules 2024; 29:2330. [PMID: 38792190 PMCID: PMC11123841 DOI: 10.3390/molecules29102330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2024] [Revised: 04/29/2024] [Accepted: 05/03/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024] Open
Abstract
As a conformationally restricted amino acid, hydroxy-l-proline is a versatile scaffold for the synthesis of diverse multi-functionalized pyrrolidines for probing the ligand binding sites of biological targets. With the goal to develop new inhibitors of the widely expressed amino acid transporters SLC1A4 and SLC1A5 (also known as ASCT1 and ASCT2), we synthesized and functionally screened synthetic hydroxy-l-proline derivatives using electrophysiological and radiolabeled uptake methods against amino acid transporters from the SLC1, SLC7, and SLC38 solute carrier families. We have discovered a novel class of alkoxy hydroxy-pyrrolidine carboxylic acids (AHPCs) that act as selective high-affinity inhibitors of the SLC1 family neutral amino acid transporters SLC1A4 and SLC1A5. AHPCs were computationally docked into a homology model and assessed with respect to predicted molecular orientation and functional activity. The series of hydroxyproline analogs identified here represent promising new agents to pharmacologically modulate SLC1A4 and SLC1A5 amino acid exchangers which are implicated in numerous pathophysiological processes such as cancer and neurological diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brent R. Lyda
- Division of Biological Sciences, University of Montana, 32 Campus Dr., Missoula, MT 59812, USA
- Department of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Montana, 32 Campus Dr., Missoula, MT 59812, USA (B.S.); (D.S.)
| | - Gregory P. Leary
- Department of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Montana, 32 Campus Dr., Missoula, MT 59812, USA (B.S.); (D.S.)
| | - Jill Farnsworth
- Department of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Montana, 32 Campus Dr., Missoula, MT 59812, USA (B.S.); (D.S.)
| | - Benjamin Seaver
- Department of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Montana, 32 Campus Dr., Missoula, MT 59812, USA (B.S.); (D.S.)
| | - Derek Silvius
- Department of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Montana, 32 Campus Dr., Missoula, MT 59812, USA (B.S.); (D.S.)
| | - Michael P. Kavanaugh
- Department of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Montana, 32 Campus Dr., Missoula, MT 59812, USA (B.S.); (D.S.)
| | - C. Sean Esslinger
- Department of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Montana, 32 Campus Dr., Missoula, MT 59812, USA (B.S.); (D.S.)
| | - Nicholas R. Natale
- Department of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Montana, 32 Campus Dr., Missoula, MT 59812, USA (B.S.); (D.S.)
- Medicinal Chemistry Graduate Program, University of Montana, 32 Campus Dr., Missoula, MT 59812, USA
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13
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Ajao AM, Olukosi OA. Apparent ileal amino acid digestibility, gut morphometrics, and gene expression of peptide and amino acid transporters in broiler chickens fed low-crude-protein diets supplemented with crystalline amino acids with soybean meal, canola meal, or corn DDGS as protein feedstuffs. JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE 2024; 104:4189-4200. [PMID: 38349054 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.13300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2023] [Revised: 10/27/2023] [Accepted: 01/10/2024] [Indexed: 04/11/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND We investigated the impact of using canola meal (CM) or corn distillers dried grain soluble (cDDGS) in place of soybean meal (SBM) in low-crude-protein diets supplemented with amino acids (AA) on AA digestibility, gut morphometrics, and AA transporter genes in broiler chicken. On day 0, 540 Cobb 500 male broilers were allocated to six diets in 36-floor pens. The positive control (PC) was a corn-SBM diet with adequate crude protein (CP). The CP level of negative control (NC) was decreased by 45 and 40 g kg-1 relative to PC for grower and finisher phases, respectively. The subsequent two diets had the same CP levels as NC but with cDDGS added at 50 or 125 g kg-1. The last two diets had the same CP as NC but with CM added at 50 or 100 g kg-1. RESULTS Dietary CP reduction in corn-SBM diets increased (P < 0.05) the digestibility of Lys (88.5%), Met (90.7%), Thr (77.4%), Cys (80.7%), and Gly (84.7%). Increasing levels of cDDGS linearly decreased (P < 0.05) the digestibility of Asp, Cys, Glu, and Ser, whereas increasing CM level linearly decreased (P < 0.05) the digestibility of Cys, Pro, and Ser. The CP reduction in corn-SBM diets produced downward expression of peptide transporter1 and decreased (P < 0.05) absolute pancreas and ileum weight and length of jejunum and ileum. CONCLUSIONS Partial replacement of SBM with alternative protein feedstuffs (cDDGS or CM) in low-CP diets had minimal effects on AA digestibility and mRNA levels of peptides and AA transporters. © 2024 The Authors. Journal of The Science of Food and Agriculture published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adeleye M Ajao
- Department of Poultry Science, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
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14
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Khare S, Villalba MI, Canul-Tec JC, Cajiao AB, Kumar A, Backovic M, Rey FA, Pardon E, Steyaert J, Perez C, Reyes N. Receptor-recognition and antiviral mechanisms of retrovirus-derived human proteins. Nat Struct Mol Biol 2024:10.1038/s41594-024-01295-6. [PMID: 38671230 DOI: 10.1038/s41594-024-01295-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2023] [Accepted: 03/26/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024]
Abstract
Human syncytin-1 and suppressyn are cellular proteins of retroviral origin involved in cell-cell fusion events to establish the maternal-fetal interface in the placenta. In cell culture, they restrict infections from members of the largest interference group of vertebrate retroviruses, and are regarded as host immunity factors expressed during development. At the core of the syncytin-1 and suppressyn functions are poorly understood mechanisms to recognize a common cellular receptor, the membrane transporter ASCT2. Here, we present cryo-electron microscopy structures of human ASCT2 in complexes with the receptor-binding domains of syncytin-1 and suppressyn. Despite their evolutionary divergence, the two placental proteins occupy similar positions in ASCT2, and are stabilized by the formation of a hybrid β-sheet or 'clamp' with the receptor. Structural predictions of the receptor-binding domains of extant retroviruses indicate overlapping binding interfaces and clamping sites with ASCT2, revealing a competition mechanism between the placental proteins and the retroviruses. Our work uncovers a common ASCT2 recognition mechanism by a large group of endogenous and disease-causing retroviruses, and provides high-resolution views on how placental human proteins exert morphological and immunological functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shashank Khare
- Fundamental Microbiology and Pathogenicity Unit, CNRS, Université de Bordeaux, IECB, Bordeaux, France
| | - Miryam I Villalba
- Fundamental Microbiology and Pathogenicity Unit, CNRS, Université de Bordeaux, IECB, Bordeaux, France
| | - Juan C Canul-Tec
- Fundamental Microbiology and Pathogenicity Unit, CNRS, Université de Bordeaux, IECB, Bordeaux, France
| | | | - Anand Kumar
- Fundamental Microbiology and Pathogenicity Unit, CNRS, Université de Bordeaux, IECB, Bordeaux, France
| | - Marija Backovic
- Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, CNRS UMR3569, Unité de Virologie Structurale, Paris, France
| | - Felix A Rey
- Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, CNRS UMR3569, Unité de Virologie Structurale, Paris, France
| | - Els Pardon
- Structural Biology Brussels, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, VUB, Brussels, Belgium
- VIB-VUB Center for Structural Biology, VIB, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Jan Steyaert
- Structural Biology Brussels, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, VUB, Brussels, Belgium
- VIB-VUB Center for Structural Biology, VIB, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Camilo Perez
- Biozentrum, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland.
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA.
| | - Nicolas Reyes
- Fundamental Microbiology and Pathogenicity Unit, CNRS, Université de Bordeaux, IECB, Bordeaux, France.
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15
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Akkuş Eİ, Bayoğlu B, Kocabaşoğlu N, Yıldız JB, Cengiz M. Association of rs11081062 polymorphism of DLGAP1 gene and levels of SLC1A1 protein with obsessive-compulsive disorder. NUCLEOSIDES, NUCLEOTIDES & NUCLEIC ACIDS 2024:1-15. [PMID: 38593060 DOI: 10.1080/15257770.2024.2336213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2023] [Accepted: 03/24/2024] [Indexed: 04/11/2024]
Abstract
Glutamate is an important neurotransmitter known to be effective in obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD). The aim of this study is to investigate the relationship between the DLGAP1 gene encoding the scaffold protein of ionotropic glutamate receptors and the SLC1A1 gene encoding the glutamate transporter protein with OCD. Study groups consisted of 95 patients with OCD and 100 healthy controls. The severity of OCD in the patient group was determined by using the Y-BOCS. Single nucleotide polymorphisms of rs11081062 (C/T) in DLGAP1 and rs587777696 (C/T) in SLC1A1 were analyzed by real-time PCR. Levels of SLC1A1 protein were determined by ELISA. A significant difference was found between genotype distributions of rs11081062 in DLGAP1 in study groups (p < 0.001). No significant association was found rs587777696 in SLC1A1 in OCD patients and controls. SLC1A1 protein levels were found to be lower in OCD patients compared to controls (p = 0.005). According to OCD risk estimates for genotypes distributions of rs11081062 in DLGAP1, having CT + TT genotypes was associated with the occurrence of sexual and religious obsessions and counting compulsions (p = 0.038, OR = 2.98; p = 0.033, OR = 3.43; p = 0.035, OR = 2.66, respectively). CT genotype in DLGAP1 rs11081062 polymorphism was found to increase the risk of OCD in the female gender (p = 0.042, OR = 3.01). This study suggests that rs11081062 in DLGAP1 may be associated with OCD and that SLC1A1 protein levels may be involved in the occurrence of OCD. We believe that our research can contribute to the understanding of the importance of glutamate in OCD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Efruz İrem Akkuş
- Cerrahpaşa Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Biology, Istanbul University-Cerrahpaşa, Istanbul, Türkiye
| | - Burcu Bayoğlu
- Cerrahpaşa Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Biology, Istanbul University-Cerrahpaşa, Istanbul, Türkiye
| | - Neşe Kocabaşoğlu
- Cerrahpaşa Faculty of Medicine, Department of Psychiatry, Istanbul University-Cerrahpaşa, Istanbul, Türkiye
| | - Jansed Berfin Yıldız
- Cerrahpaşa Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Biology, Istanbul University-Cerrahpaşa, Istanbul, Türkiye
| | - Müjgan Cengiz
- Cerrahpaşa Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Biology, Istanbul University-Cerrahpaşa, Istanbul, Türkiye
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16
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Weinrauch AM, Dumar ZJ, Overduin SL, Goss GG, Leys SP, Blewett TA. Evidence for transporter-mediated uptake of environmental L-glutamate in a freshwater sponge, Ephydatia muelleri. J Comp Physiol B 2024; 194:121-130. [PMID: 38553641 DOI: 10.1007/s00360-024-01544-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2023] [Revised: 12/10/2023] [Accepted: 02/12/2024] [Indexed: 05/07/2024]
Abstract
The freshwater sponge, Ephydatia muelleri, lacks a nervous or endocrine system and yet it exhibits a coordinated whole-body action known as a "sneeze" that can be triggered by exposure to L-glutamate. It is not known how L-glutamate is obtained by E. muelleri in sufficient quantities (i.e., 70 µM) to mediate this response endogenously. The present study tested the hypothesis that L-glutamate can be directly acquired from the environment across the body surface of E. muelleri. We demonstrate carrier mediated uptake of two distinct saturable systems with maximal transport rates (Jmax) of 64.27 ± 4.98 and 25.12 ± 1.87 pmols mg-1 min-1, respectively. The latter system has a higher calculated substrate affinity (Km) of 2.87 ± 0.38 µM compared to the former (8.75 ± 1.00 µM), indicative of distinct systems that can acquire L-glutamate at variable environmental concentrations. Further characterization revealed potential shared pathways of L-glutamate uptake with other negatively charged amino acids, namely D-glutamate and L-aspartate, as well as the neutral amino acid L-alanine. We demonstrate that L-glutamate uptake does not appear to rely on exogenous sodium or proton concentrations as removal of these ions from the bathing media did not significantly alter uptake. Likewise, L-glutamate uptake does not seem to rely on internal proton motive forces driven by VHA as application of 100 nM of the VHA inhibitor bafilomycin did not alter uptake rates within E. muelleri tissues. Whether the acquired amino acid is used to supplement feeding or is stored and accumulated to mediate the sneeze response remains to be determined.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alyssa M Weinrauch
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, R3T 2N2, Canada
| | - Zachary J Dumar
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, T6G 2R3, Canada
| | - Sienna L Overduin
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, T6G 2R3, Canada
| | - Greg G Goss
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, T6G 2R3, Canada
| | - Sally P Leys
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, T6G 2R3, Canada
| | - Tamzin A Blewett
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, T6G 2R3, Canada.
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17
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Lai Z, Wang C, Liu X, Sun H, Guo Z, Shao J, Li K, Chen J, Wang J, Lei X, Shu K, Feng Y, Kong D, Sun W, Liu B. Characterization of the proteome of stable and unstable carotid atherosclerotic plaques using data-independent acquisition mass spectrometry. J Transl Med 2024; 22:247. [PMID: 38454421 PMCID: PMC10921703 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-023-04723-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2023] [Accepted: 11/13/2023] [Indexed: 03/09/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Currently, noninvasive imaging techniques and circulating biomarkers are still insufficient to accurately assess carotid plaque stability, and an in-depth understanding of the molecular mechanisms that contribute to plaque instability is still lacking. METHODS We established a clinical study cohort containing 182 patients with carotid artery stenosis. After screening, 39 stable and 49 unstable plaques were included in the discovery group, and quantitative proteomics analysis based on data independent acquisition was performed for these plaque samples. Additionally, 35 plaques were included in the validation group to validate the proteomics results by immunohistochemistry analysis. RESULTS A total of 397 differentially expressed proteins were identified in stable and unstable plaques. These proteins are primarily involved in ferroptosis and lipid metabolism-related functions and pathways. Plaque validation results showed that ferroptosis- and lipid metabolism-related proteins had different expression trends in stable plaques versus unstable fibrous cap regions and lipid core regions. Ferroptosis- and lipid metabolism-related mechanisms in plaque stability were discussed. CONCLUSIONS Our results may provide a valuable strategy for revealing the mechanisms affecting plaque stability and will facilitate the discovery of specific biomarkers to broaden the therapeutic scope.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhichao Lai
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Chinese Academy of Medical Science, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College, Shuaifuyuan 1St, Dongcheng District, Beijing, 100730, People's Republic of China
| | - Chaonan Wang
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Chinese Academy of Medical Science, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College, Shuaifuyuan 1St, Dongcheng District, Beijing, 100730, People's Republic of China
- Department of Hemangiomas & Vascular Malformations, Plastic Surgery Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaoyan Liu
- Proteomics Research Center, Core Facility of Instruments, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, School of Basic Medicine Peking, Union Medical College, Dongdansantiao 9St, Dongcheng District, Beijing, 100730, People's Republic of China
| | - Haidan Sun
- Proteomics Research Center, Core Facility of Instruments, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, School of Basic Medicine Peking, Union Medical College, Dongdansantiao 9St, Dongcheng District, Beijing, 100730, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhengguang Guo
- Proteomics Research Center, Core Facility of Instruments, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, School of Basic Medicine Peking, Union Medical College, Dongdansantiao 9St, Dongcheng District, Beijing, 100730, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiang Shao
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Chinese Academy of Medical Science, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College, Shuaifuyuan 1St, Dongcheng District, Beijing, 100730, People's Republic of China
| | - Kang Li
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Chinese Academy of Medical Science, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College, Shuaifuyuan 1St, Dongcheng District, Beijing, 100730, People's Republic of China
| | - Junye Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Department of Pathophysiology, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Jiaxian Wang
- Eight-Year Program of Clinical Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Xiangling Lei
- Eight-Year Program of Clinical Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Keqiang Shu
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Chinese Academy of Medical Science, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College, Shuaifuyuan 1St, Dongcheng District, Beijing, 100730, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuyao Feng
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Chinese Academy of Medical Science, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College, Shuaifuyuan 1St, Dongcheng District, Beijing, 100730, People's Republic of China
| | - Deqiang Kong
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Chinese Academy of Medical Science, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College, Shuaifuyuan 1St, Dongcheng District, Beijing, 100730, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei Sun
- Proteomics Research Center, Core Facility of Instruments, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, School of Basic Medicine Peking, Union Medical College, Dongdansantiao 9St, Dongcheng District, Beijing, 100730, People's Republic of China.
| | - Bao Liu
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Chinese Academy of Medical Science, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College, Shuaifuyuan 1St, Dongcheng District, Beijing, 100730, People's Republic of China.
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18
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Xia R, Peng HF, Zhang X, Zhang HS. Comprehensive review of amino acid transporters as therapeutic targets. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 260:129646. [PMID: 38272411 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.129646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2023] [Revised: 01/17/2024] [Accepted: 01/18/2024] [Indexed: 01/27/2024]
Abstract
The solute carrier (SLC) family, with more than 400 membrane-bound proteins, facilitates the transport of a wide array of substrates such as nutrients, ions, metabolites, and drugs across biological membranes. Amino acid transporters (AATs) are membrane transport proteins that mediate transfer of amino acids into and out of cells or cellular organelles. AATs participate in many important physiological functions including nutrient supply, metabolic transformation, energy homeostasis, redox regulation, and neurological regulation. Several AATs have been found to significantly impact the progression of human malignancies, and dysregulation of AATs results in metabolic reprogramming affecting tumor growth and progression. However, current clinical therapies that directly target AATs have not been developed. The purpose of this review is to highlight the structural and functional diversity of AATs, the molecular mechanisms in human diseases such as tumors, kidney diseases, and emerging therapeutic strategies for targeting AATs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ran Xia
- College of Chemistry and Life Science, Beijing University of Technology, Pingleyuan 100(#), District of Chaoyang, Beijing 100124, China
| | - Hai-Feng Peng
- College of Chemistry and Life Science, Beijing University of Technology, Pingleyuan 100(#), District of Chaoyang, Beijing 100124, China
| | - Xing Zhang
- College of Chemistry and Life Science, Beijing University of Technology, Pingleyuan 100(#), District of Chaoyang, Beijing 100124, China
| | - Hong-Sheng Zhang
- College of Chemistry and Life Science, Beijing University of Technology, Pingleyuan 100(#), District of Chaoyang, Beijing 100124, China.
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19
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Wen F, Zhao F, Huang W, Liang Y, Sun R, Lin Y, Zhang W. A novel ferroptosis-related gene signature for overall survival prediction in patients with gastric cancer. Sci Rep 2024; 14:4422. [PMID: 38388534 PMCID: PMC10883968 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-53515-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2022] [Accepted: 02/01/2024] [Indexed: 02/24/2024] Open
Abstract
The global diagnosis rate and mortality of gastric cancer (GC) are among the highest. Ferroptosis and iron-metabolism have a profound impact on tumor development and are closely linked to cancer treatment and patient's prognosis. In this study, we identified six PRDEGs (prognostic ferroptosis- and iron metabolism-related differentially expressed genes) using LASSO-penalized Cox regression analysis. The TCGA cohort was used to establish a prognostic risk model, which allowed us to categorize GC patients into the high- and the low-risk groups based on the median value of the risk scores. Our study demonstrated that patients in the low-risk group had a higher probability of survival compared to those in the high-risk group. Furthermore, the low-risk group exhibited a higher tumor mutation burden (TMB) and a longer 5-year survival period when compared to the high-risk group. In summary, the prognostic risk model, based on the six genes associated with ferroptosis and iron-metabolism, performs well in predicting the prognosis of GC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fang Wen
- Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, Jiangsu, China
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, Jiangsu, China
| | - Fan Zhao
- Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, Jiangsu, China
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, Jiangsu, China
| | - Wenjie Huang
- Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, Jiangsu, China
- Department of Oncology, Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210029, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yan Liang
- Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, Jiangsu, China
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, Jiangsu, China
| | - Ruolan Sun
- Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, Jiangsu, China
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yize Lin
- Clinical Laboratory Department, Hospital of the Office of the People's Government of the Tibet Autonomous Region in Chengdu, Chengdu, 850015, Sichuan, China
| | - Weihua Zhang
- Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, Jiangsu, China.
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, Jiangsu, China.
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20
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England AD, Heras-Saldana SDL, Gharib-Naseri K, Kheravii SK, Wu SB. The effect of sex and dietary crude protein level on nutrient transporter gene expression and cecal microbiota populations in broiler chickens. Poult Sci 2024; 103:103268. [PMID: 38035473 PMCID: PMC10698011 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2023.103268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2022] [Revised: 07/07/2023] [Accepted: 07/23/2023] [Indexed: 12/02/2023] Open
Abstract
It is well known that male and female broilers differ in their growth performance and that many physiological factors contribute to this difference. The aim of this experiment is to investigate if there are differences between male and female broilers in cecal microbiota and nutrient transporter gene expression and if these differences play a role in the growth performance of broilers. The possible effect of protein level and its interaction with sex on microbiota and expression of the nutrient transporters were also investigated. Samples were collected from male and female birds fed either standard crude protein (SCP) or reduced crude protein diets (RCP) at the age of d 35. The experiment was designed as a 2 × 2 factorial arrangement of treatments consisting of 448 Cobb 500 broilers assigned to 32-floor pens with 4 treatments, 8 replicates, and 14 birds per pen for performance measurements. The factors were sex (male or female) and dietary crude protein (CP) level (standard or reduced). Body weight gain (BWG), feed intake and feed conversion ratio were recorded for each pen. Sex had a significant effect on BWG and FCR (P < 0.001) where males had a significantly higher BWG and better FCR compared to females. There was a significant interaction between sex and protein level on feed intake (FI) (P < 0.05), where male birds had a higher FI compared to female birds only when the birds were fed SCP but not RCP diets. There was a significant interaction between CP level and sex on the expression of CAT2 (P = 0.02) and PEPT2 (P = 0.026) where the genes were significantly upregulated in females but only when the RCP diet was fed. The RCP diet upregulated the expression of BoAT (P = 0.03) as a main effect. Female birds had significantly higher expression of the PepT-2 gene compared to the males. The alpha diversity of the cecal microbiota showed differences among the treatments. The Shannon diversity index was statistically higher (P = 0.036) for males fed the SCP diet and the Chao1 index for evenness was statistically higher (P = 0.027) in females fed the SCP diet. There was also a difference in the relative abundance of the 15 most common genera found in the cecal content of the broilers in this experiment and lastly, the differential composition of microbiota between the different treatments was also significantly different. This study suggests that chickens are able to compensate for a reduction in AA substrates when fed a low CP diet through the upregulation of certain AA transporters, females may adapt to low CP diets better by such upregulation compared to males, and lastly, sex has an effect on the cecal microbial population and these differences contribute towards the performance differences between male and female broilers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashley D England
- School of Environmental and Rural Science, University of New England, Armidale NSW 2351, Australia
| | - Sara de Las Heras-Saldana
- Animal Genetics and Breeding Unit, School of Environmental and Rural Science, University of New England, Armidale NSW 2351, Australia
| | - Kosar Gharib-Naseri
- School of Environmental and Rural Science, University of New England, Armidale NSW 2351, Australia
| | - Sarbast K Kheravii
- School of Environmental and Rural Science, University of New England, Armidale NSW 2351, Australia
| | - Shu-Biao Wu
- School of Environmental and Rural Science, University of New England, Armidale NSW 2351, Australia.
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21
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Zhang Y, Jiang M, Gao Y, Zhao W, Wu C, Li C, Li M, Wu D, Wang W, Ji X. "No-reflow" phenomenon in acute ischemic stroke. J Cereb Blood Flow Metab 2024; 44:19-37. [PMID: 37855115 PMCID: PMC10905637 DOI: 10.1177/0271678x231208476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2023] [Revised: 08/04/2023] [Accepted: 09/13/2023] [Indexed: 10/20/2023]
Abstract
Acute ischemic stroke (AIS) afflicts millions of individuals worldwide. Despite the advancements in thrombolysis and thrombectomy facilitating proximal large artery recanalization, the resultant distal hypoperfusion, referred to "no-reflow" phenomenon, often impedes the neurological function restoration in patients. Over half a century of scientific inquiry has validated the existence of cerebral "no-reflow" in both animal models and human subjects. Furthermore, the correlation between "no-reflow" and adverse clinical outcomes underscores the necessity to address this phenomenon as a pivotal strategy for enhancing AIS prognoses. The underlying mechanisms of "no-reflow" are multifaceted, encompassing the formation of microemboli, microvascular compression and contraction. Moreover, a myriad of complex mechanisms warrant further investigation. Insights gleaned from mechanistic exploration have prompted advancements in "no-reflow" treatment, including microthrombosis therapy, which has demonstrated clinical efficacy in improving patient prognoses. The stagnation in current "no-reflow" diagnostic methods imposes limitations on the timely application of combined therapy on "no-reflow" post-recanalization. This narrative review will traverse the historical journey of the "no-reflow" phenomenon, delve into its underpinnings in AIS, and elucidate potential therapeutic and diagnostic strategies. Our aim is to equip readers with a swift comprehension of the "no-reflow" phenomenon and highlight critical points for future research endeavors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Zhang
- Department of Neurology, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Miaowen Jiang
- Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Yuan Gao
- School of Instrumentation and Optoelectronic Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing, China
| | - Wenbo Zhao
- Department of Neurology, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Chuanjie Wu
- Department of Neurology, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Chuanhui Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Ming Li
- China-America Institute of Neurology, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Di Wu
- China-America Institute of Neurology, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Wu Wang
- Institute of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xunming Ji
- Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- China-America Institute of Neurology, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
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22
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Huang T, Zhou J, Wang B, Wang X, Xiao W, Yang M, Liu Y, Wang Q, Xiang Y, Lan X. Integrated Amino Acids and Transcriptome Analysis Reveals Arginine Transporter SLC7A2 Is a Novel Regulator of Myogenic Differentiation. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 25:95. [PMID: 38203268 PMCID: PMC10778648 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25010095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2023] [Revised: 12/12/2023] [Accepted: 12/16/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Skeletal muscle differentiation is a precisely coordinated process. While many of the molecular details of myogenesis have been investigated extensively, the dynamic changes and functions of amino acids and related transporters remain unknown. In this study, we conducted a comprehensive analysis of amino acid levels during different time points of C2C12 myoblast differentiation using high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Our findings revealed that the levels of most amino acids exhibited an initial increase at the onset of differentiation, reaching their peak typically on the fourth or sixth day, followed by a decline on the eighth day. Particularly, arginine and branched-chain amino acids showed a prominent increase during this period. Furthermore, we used RNA-seq analysis to show that the gene encoding the arginine transporter, Slc7a2, is significantly upregulated during differentiation. Knockdown of Slc7a2 gene expression resulted in a significant decrease in myoblast proliferation and led to a reduction in the expression levels of crucial myogenic regulatory factors, hindering the process of myoblast differentiation, fusion, and subsequent myotube formation. Lastly, we assessed the expression level of Slc7a2 during aging in humans and mice and found an upregulation of Slc7a2 expression during the aging process. These findings collectively suggest that the arginine transporter SLC7A2 plays a critical role in facilitating skeletal muscle differentiation and may hold potential as a therapeutic target for sarcopenia.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Yang Xiang
- Metabolic Control and Aging—Jiangxi Key Laboratory of Human Aging, Human Aging Research Institute (HARI), School of Life Science, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330031, China (Q.W.)
| | - Xinqiang Lan
- Metabolic Control and Aging—Jiangxi Key Laboratory of Human Aging, Human Aging Research Institute (HARI), School of Life Science, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330031, China (Q.W.)
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23
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Ratz-Mitchem ML, Leary G, Grindeland A, Silvius D, Guter J, Kavanaugh MP, Gunn TM. Generation and characterization of a knock-in mouse model for spastic tetraplegia, thin corpus callosum, and progressive microcephaly (SPATCCM). Mamm Genome 2023; 34:572-585. [PMID: 37642681 PMCID: PMC10680402 DOI: 10.1007/s00335-023-10013-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2023] [Accepted: 07/25/2023] [Indexed: 08/31/2023]
Abstract
Solute carrier family 1 member 4 (SLC1A4), also referred to as Alanine/Serine/Cysteine/Threonine-preferring Transporter 1 (ASCT1), is a sodium-dependent neutral amino acid transporter. It is expressed in many tissues, including the brain, where it is expressed primarily on astrocytes and plays key roles in neuronal differentiation and development, maintaining neurotransmitter homeostasis, and N-methyl-D-aspartate neurotransmission, through regulation of L- and D-serine. Mutations in SLC1A4 are associated with the rare autosomal recessive neurodevelopmental disorder spastic tetraplegia, thin corpus callosum, and progressive microcephaly (SPATCCM, OMIM 616657). Psychomotor development and speech are significantly impaired in these patients, and many develop seizures. We generated and characterized a knock-in mouse model for the most common mutant allele, which results in a single amino acid change (p.Glu256Lys, or E256K). Homozygous mutants had increased D-serine uptake in the brain, microcephaly, and thin corpus callosum and cortex layer 1. While p.E256K homozygotes showed some significant differences in exploratory behavior relative to wildtype mice, their performance in assays for motor coordination, endurance, learning, and memory was normal, and they showed no significant differences in long-term potentiation. Taken together, these results indicate that the impact of the p.E256K mutation on cognition and motor function is minimal in mice, but other aspects of SLC1A4 function in the brain are conserved. Mice homozygous for p.E256K may be a good model for understanding the developmental basis of the corpus callosum and microcephaly phenotypes observed in SPATCCM patients and assessing whether they are rescued by serine supplementation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Greg Leary
- The McLaughlin Research Institute, 1520 23Rd St. S, Great Falls, MT, 59405, USA
- The Division of Biological Sciences, The University of Montana, Missoula, MT, USA
| | - Andrea Grindeland
- The McLaughlin Research Institute, 1520 23Rd St. S, Great Falls, MT, 59405, USA
| | - Derek Silvius
- The McLaughlin Research Institute, 1520 23Rd St. S, Great Falls, MT, 59405, USA
| | - Joseph Guter
- The McLaughlin Research Institute, 1520 23Rd St. S, Great Falls, MT, 59405, USA
| | - Michael P Kavanaugh
- The McLaughlin Research Institute, 1520 23Rd St. S, Great Falls, MT, 59405, USA.
- The Division of Biological Sciences, The University of Montana, Missoula, MT, USA.
- Neuroscience Program, University of Montana, 32 Campus Drive, Missoula, MT, 59803, USA.
| | - Teresa M Gunn
- The McLaughlin Research Institute, 1520 23Rd St. S, Great Falls, MT, 59405, USA.
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Ji T, Pang Y, Cheng M, Wang R, Chen X, Zhang C, Liu M, Zhang J, Zhong C. mNSCs overexpressing Rimkla transplantation facilitates cognitive recovery in a mouse model of traumatic brain injury. iScience 2023; 26:107913. [PMID: 37810220 PMCID: PMC10550729 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2023.107913] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2023] [Revised: 07/22/2023] [Accepted: 09/12/2023] [Indexed: 10/10/2023] Open
Abstract
N-acetyl aspartyl-glutamate (NAAG) is easily inactivated for the hydrolysis of NAAG peptidase on the surface of glial cells, thereby losing its endogenous neuroprotective effect after traumatic brain injury. In this study, lentiviral vectors were used to over express/knock out NAAG synthetase II (Rimkla) in mouse embryonic neural stem cells (mNSCs) in vitro and these mNSCs were transplanted at the lesion site in a mouse model of controlled cortical impact (CCI). In vivo experiments showed that transplantation of mNSCs overexpressing Rimkla regulated glutamate-glutamine cycling between adjacent astrocytes and neurons in the subacute phase of CCI, thereby enhancing support for neuronal metabolism and promoting neuronal synaptic repair in the hippocampal CA3 region. Taken together, these findings demonstrate that transplantation of neural stem cells overexpressing Rimkla can effectively increase the NAAG concentration in local brain regions, which opens up new ideas for the maintenance of NAAG neuroprotective effects after TBI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tongjie Ji
- Department of Neurosurgery, Shanghai East Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Ying Pang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Shanghai East Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Meng Cheng
- Department of Neurosurgery, Shanghai East Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Rui Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Shanghai East Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xu Chen
- Department of Neurosurgery, Shanghai East Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Chunyu Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Shanghai East Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Min Liu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Shanghai East Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jing Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Shanghai East Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
- Institute for Advanced Study, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Chunlong Zhong
- Department of Neurosurgery, Shanghai East Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
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25
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Zhang Y, Zhuang Z, Mahmood T, Mercier Y, Jin Y, Huang X, Li K, Wang S, Xia W, Wang S, Yu M, Chen W, Zheng C. Dietary supplementation with 2-hydroxy-4-methyl(thio) butanoic acid and DL-methionine improves productive performance, egg quality and redox status of commercial laying ducks. ANIMAL NUTRITION (ZHONGGUO XU MU SHOU YI XUE HUI) 2023; 14:101-110. [PMID: 37388162 PMCID: PMC10300065 DOI: 10.1016/j.aninu.2023.04.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2022] [Revised: 03/09/2023] [Accepted: 04/13/2023] [Indexed: 07/01/2023]
Abstract
This experiment aimed to study the effects of supplemental methionine sources, 2-hydroxy-4 methyl(thio) butanoic acid (HMTBa) and DL-Methionine (DL-Met), on productive performance, egg quality, and redox status of laying ducks. A total of 792 healthy 25-wk-old Longyan laying ducks with similar body weights were randomly allotted to 11 treatment groups. Each treatment group had 6 replicates of 12 ducks. The trial lasted for 16 wk. Ducks were fed a basal deficient diet (Met: 0.24%; Met + Cys: 0.51%) or supplemented with DL-Met or HMTBa at 0.05%, 0.12%, 0.19%, 0.26%, and 0.33% of diet, respectively. Compared with the basal diet, supplementation with either DL-Met or HMTBa increased the average egg weight, egg mass, and decreased feed to egg ratio during the whole trial period (P < 0.05). Albumen weight and its ratio to total egg weight were increased, but yolk and shell ratio, albumen height, Haugh unit and shell breaking strength were decreased (P < 0.05). Dietary DL-Met or HMTBa supplementation increased taurine, methionine, leucine, tryptophan and arginine content, and decreased serine and lysine content in plasma (P < 0.05). The redox status of laying ducks was improved by enhancing the glutathione peroxidase and catalase activities, glutathione content and its ratio relative to glutathione (oxidized) content and decreasing malondialdehyde content and increasing mRNA expression of superoxide dismutase-1, glutathione peroxidase-1, hemeoxygenase-1 and nuclear factor-like 2 in liver and ileum with the supplementation of DL-Met or HMTBa (P < 0.05). Liver health status measured by average area proportion lipid droplet was improved with supplementation of DL-Met or HMTBa (P < 0.05). Villus height and villus height to crypt depth ratio in the ileum and the ileal gene expression of tight junction protein and occludin were increased with DL-Met or HMTBa supplementation (P < 0.05). Taken together, these results suggested that the efficacy of dietary supplementation of HMTBa was similar to DL-Met, and it ranged from 98% to 100% for productive performance and egg albumen ratio in laying ducks (25 to 41 wk).
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanan Zhang
- Institute of Animal Science, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science (South China) of Ministry of Agriculture, State Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Breeding, Guangdong Public Laboratory of Animal Breeding and Nutrition, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Animal Breeding and Nutrition, 510640, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhiwei Zhuang
- Institute of Animal Science, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science (South China) of Ministry of Agriculture, State Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Breeding, Guangdong Public Laboratory of Animal Breeding and Nutrition, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Animal Breeding and Nutrition, 510640, Guangzhou, China
- Institute of Life Science and Engineering, Foshan University, 528200, Foshan, China
| | - Tahir Mahmood
- Adisseo France S.A.S. Centre of Excellence and Research in Nutrition, Commentry, France
| | - Yves Mercier
- Adisseo France S.A.S. Centre of Excellence and Research in Nutrition, Commentry, France
| | - Yongyan Jin
- Institute of Animal Science, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science (South China) of Ministry of Agriculture, State Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Breeding, Guangdong Public Laboratory of Animal Breeding and Nutrition, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Animal Breeding and Nutrition, 510640, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xuebing Huang
- Institute of Animal Science, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science (South China) of Ministry of Agriculture, State Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Breeding, Guangdong Public Laboratory of Animal Breeding and Nutrition, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Animal Breeding and Nutrition, 510640, Guangzhou, China
| | - Kaichao Li
- Institute of Animal Science, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science (South China) of Ministry of Agriculture, State Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Breeding, Guangdong Public Laboratory of Animal Breeding and Nutrition, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Animal Breeding and Nutrition, 510640, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shuang Wang
- Institute of Animal Science, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science (South China) of Ministry of Agriculture, State Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Breeding, Guangdong Public Laboratory of Animal Breeding and Nutrition, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Animal Breeding and Nutrition, 510640, Guangzhou, China
| | - Weiguang Xia
- Institute of Animal Science, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science (South China) of Ministry of Agriculture, State Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Breeding, Guangdong Public Laboratory of Animal Breeding and Nutrition, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Animal Breeding and Nutrition, 510640, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shenglin Wang
- Institute of Animal Science, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science (South China) of Ministry of Agriculture, State Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Breeding, Guangdong Public Laboratory of Animal Breeding and Nutrition, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Animal Breeding and Nutrition, 510640, Guangzhou, China
| | - Miao Yu
- Institute of Animal Science, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science (South China) of Ministry of Agriculture, State Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Breeding, Guangdong Public Laboratory of Animal Breeding and Nutrition, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Animal Breeding and Nutrition, 510640, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wei Chen
- Institute of Animal Science, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science (South China) of Ministry of Agriculture, State Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Breeding, Guangdong Public Laboratory of Animal Breeding and Nutrition, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Animal Breeding and Nutrition, 510640, Guangzhou, China
| | - Chuntian Zheng
- Institute of Animal Science, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science (South China) of Ministry of Agriculture, State Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Breeding, Guangdong Public Laboratory of Animal Breeding and Nutrition, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Animal Breeding and Nutrition, 510640, Guangzhou, China
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26
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Villanueva CE, Hagenbuch B. Palmitoylation of solute carriers. Biochem Pharmacol 2023; 215:115695. [PMID: 37481134 PMCID: PMC10530500 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2023.115695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2023] [Revised: 07/05/2023] [Accepted: 07/12/2023] [Indexed: 07/24/2023]
Abstract
Post-translational modifications are an important mechanism in the regulation of protein expression, function, and degradation. Well-known post-translational modifications are phosphorylation, glycosylation, and ubiquitination. However, lipid modifications, including myristoylation, prenylation, and palmitoylation, are poorly studied. Since the early 2000s, researchers have become more interested in lipid modifications, especially palmitoylation. The number of articles in PubMed increased from about 350 between 2000 and 2005 to more than 600 annually during the past ten years. S-palmitoylation, where the 16-carbon saturated (C16:0) palmitic acid is added to free cysteine residues of proteins, is a reversible protein modification that can affect the expression, membrane localization, and function of the modified proteins. Various diseases like Huntington's and Alzheimer's disease have been linked to changes in protein palmitoylation. In humans, the addition of palmitic acid is mediated by 23 palmitoyl acyltransferases, also called DHHC proteins. The modification can be reversed by a few thioesterases or hydrolases. Numerous soluble and membrane-attached proteins are known to be palmitoylated, but among the approximately 400 solute carriers that are classified in 66 families, only 15 found in 8 families have so far been documented to be palmitoylated. Among the best-characterized transporters are the glucose transporters GLUT1 (SLC2A1) and GLUT4 (SLC2A4), the three monoamine transporters norepinephrine transporter (NET; SLC6A2), dopamine transporter (DAT; SLC6A3), and serotonin transporter (SERT; SLC6A4), and the sodium-calcium exchanger NCX1 (SLC8A1). While there is evidence from recent proteomics experiments that numerous solute carriers are palmitoylated, no details beyond the 15 transporters covered in this review are available.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cecilia E Villanueva
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Therapeutics, The University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS 66160, United States
| | - Bruno Hagenbuch
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Therapeutics, The University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS 66160, United States.
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Chen Q, Zhang W, Xiao L, Sun Q, Wu F, Liu G, Wang Y, Pan Y, Wang Q, Zhang J. Multi-Omics Reveals the Effect of Crossbreeding on Some Precursors of Flavor and Nutritional Quality of Pork. Foods 2023; 12:3237. [PMID: 37685169 PMCID: PMC10486348 DOI: 10.3390/foods12173237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2023] [Revised: 08/25/2023] [Accepted: 08/25/2023] [Indexed: 09/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Over the last several decades, China has continuously introduced Duroc boars and used them as breeding boars. Although this crossbreeding method has increased pork production, it has affected pork quality. Nowadays, one of the primary goals of industrial breeding and production systems is to enhance the quality of meat. This research analyzed the molecular mechanisms that control the quality of pork and may be used as a guide for future efforts to enhance meat quality. The genetic mechanisms of cross-breeding for meat quality improvement were investigated by combining transcriptome and metabolome analysis, using Chinese native Jiaxing black (JXB) pigs and crossbred Duroc × Duroc × Berkshire × JXB (DDBJ) pigs. In the longissimus Dorsi muscle, the content of inosine monophosphate, polyunsaturated fatty acid, and amino acids were considerably higher in JXB pigs in contrast with that of DDBJ pigs, whereas DDBJ pigs have remarkably greater levels of polyunsaturated fatty acids than JXB pigs. Differentially expressed genes (DEGs) and differential metabolites were identified using transcriptomic and metabolomic KEGG enrichment analyses. Differential metabolites mainly include amino acids, fatty acids, and phospholipids. In addition, several DEGs that may explain differences in meat quality between the two pig types were found, including genes associated with the metabolism of lipids (e.g., DGKA, LIPG, and LPINI), fatty acid (e.g., ELOVL5, ELOVL4, and ACAT2), and amino acid (e.g., SLC7A2, SLC7A4). Combined with the DEGS-enriched signaling pathways, the regulatory mechanisms related to amino acids, fatty acids, and phospholipids were mapped. The abundant metabolic pathways and DEGs may provide insight into the specific molecular mechanism that regulates meat quality. Optimizing the composition of fatty acids, phospholipids, amino acids, and other compounds in pork is conducive to improving meat quality. Overall, these findings will provide useful information and further groundwork for enhancing the meat quality that may be achieved via hybrid breeding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiangqiang Chen
- College of Animal Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China; (Q.C.); (W.Z.); (L.X.); (Q.S.); (F.W.); (Y.P.); (Q.W.)
| | - Wei Zhang
- College of Animal Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China; (Q.C.); (W.Z.); (L.X.); (Q.S.); (F.W.); (Y.P.); (Q.W.)
| | - Lixia Xiao
- College of Animal Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China; (Q.C.); (W.Z.); (L.X.); (Q.S.); (F.W.); (Y.P.); (Q.W.)
| | - Qian Sun
- College of Animal Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China; (Q.C.); (W.Z.); (L.X.); (Q.S.); (F.W.); (Y.P.); (Q.W.)
| | - Fen Wu
- College of Animal Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China; (Q.C.); (W.Z.); (L.X.); (Q.S.); (F.W.); (Y.P.); (Q.W.)
| | - Guoliang Liu
- Zhejiang Qinglian Food Co., Ltd., Jiaxing 314317, China;
| | - Yuan Wang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100107, China;
| | - Yuchun Pan
- College of Animal Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China; (Q.C.); (W.Z.); (L.X.); (Q.S.); (F.W.); (Y.P.); (Q.W.)
| | - Qishan Wang
- College of Animal Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China; (Q.C.); (W.Z.); (L.X.); (Q.S.); (F.W.); (Y.P.); (Q.W.)
| | - Jinzhi Zhang
- College of Animal Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China; (Q.C.); (W.Z.); (L.X.); (Q.S.); (F.W.); (Y.P.); (Q.W.)
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Gnanaprakasam JNR, Kushwaha B, Liu L, Chen X, Kang S, Wang T, Cassel TA, Adams CM, Higashi RM, Scott DA, Xin G, Li Z, Yang J, Lane AN, Fan TWM, Zhang J, Wang R. Asparagine restriction enhances CD8 + T cell metabolic fitness and antitumoral functionality through an NRF2-dependent stress response. Nat Metab 2023; 5:1423-1439. [PMID: 37550596 PMCID: PMC10447245 DOI: 10.1038/s42255-023-00856-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2022] [Accepted: 07/05/2023] [Indexed: 08/09/2023]
Abstract
Robust and effective T cell immune surveillance and cancer immunotherapy require proper allocation of metabolic resources to sustain energetically costly processes, including growth and cytokine production. Here, we show that asparagine (Asn) restriction on CD8+ T cells exerted opposing effects during activation (early phase) and differentiation (late phase) following T cell activation. Asn restriction suppressed activation and cell cycle entry in the early phase while rapidly engaging the nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (NRF2)-dependent stress response, conferring robust proliferation and effector function on CD8+ T cells during differentiation. Mechanistically, NRF2 activation in CD8+ T cells conferred by Asn restriction rewired the metabolic program by reducing the overall glucose and glutamine consumption but increasing intracellular nucleotides to promote proliferation. Accordingly, Asn restriction or NRF2 activation potentiated the T cell-mediated antitumoral response in preclinical animal models, suggesting that Asn restriction is a promising and clinically relevant strategy to enhance cancer immunotherapy. Our study revealed Asn as a critical metabolic node in directing the stress signaling to shape T cell metabolic fitness and effector functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- J N Rashida Gnanaprakasam
- Center for Childhood Cancer, Hematology/Oncology & BMT, Abigail Wexner Research Institute at Nationwide Children's Hospital, Department of Pediatrics at The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Bhavana Kushwaha
- Center for Childhood Cancer, Hematology/Oncology & BMT, Abigail Wexner Research Institute at Nationwide Children's Hospital, Department of Pediatrics at The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Lingling Liu
- Center for Childhood Cancer, Hematology/Oncology & BMT, Abigail Wexner Research Institute at Nationwide Children's Hospital, Department of Pediatrics at The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Xuyong Chen
- Center for Childhood Cancer, Hematology/Oncology & BMT, Abigail Wexner Research Institute at Nationwide Children's Hospital, Department of Pediatrics at The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Siwen Kang
- Center for Childhood Cancer, Hematology/Oncology & BMT, Abigail Wexner Research Institute at Nationwide Children's Hospital, Department of Pediatrics at The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Tingting Wang
- Center for Childhood Cancer, Hematology/Oncology & BMT, Abigail Wexner Research Institute at Nationwide Children's Hospital, Department of Pediatrics at The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Teresa A Cassel
- Center for Environmental and Systems Biochemistry, Department of Toxicology and Cancer Biology, Markey Cancer Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
| | - Christopher M Adams
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, Metabolism and Nutrition, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Richard M Higashi
- Center for Environmental and Systems Biochemistry, Department of Toxicology and Cancer Biology, Markey Cancer Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
| | - David A Scott
- Cancer Metabolism Core, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Gang Xin
- Department of Microbial Infection and Immunity, Pelotonia Institute for Immuno-Oncology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Zihai Li
- Department of Microbial Infection and Immunity, Pelotonia Institute for Immuno-Oncology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Jun Yang
- Department of Surgery, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
- Department of Pathology, College of Medicine, The University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Andrew N Lane
- Center for Environmental and Systems Biochemistry, Department of Toxicology and Cancer Biology, Markey Cancer Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
| | - Teresa W-M Fan
- Center for Environmental and Systems Biochemistry, Department of Toxicology and Cancer Biology, Markey Cancer Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
| | - Ji Zhang
- Herman B Wells Center for Pediatric Research, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Ruoning Wang
- Center for Childhood Cancer, Hematology/Oncology & BMT, Abigail Wexner Research Institute at Nationwide Children's Hospital, Department of Pediatrics at The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA.
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Liu T, Ren S, Sun C, Zhao P, Wang H. Glutaminolysis and peripheral CD4 + T cell differentiation: from mechanism to intervention strategy. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1221530. [PMID: 37545506 PMCID: PMC10401425 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1221530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2023] [Accepted: 06/29/2023] [Indexed: 08/08/2023] Open
Abstract
To maintain the body's regular immune system, CD4+ T cell homeostasis is crucial, particularly T helper (Th1, Th17) cells and T regulatory (Treg) cells. Abnormally differentiated peripheral CD4+ T cells are responsible for the occurrence and development of numerous diseases, including autoimmune diseases, transplantation rejection, and irritability. Searching for an effective interventional approach to control this abnormal differentiation is therefore especially important. As immunometabolism progressed, the inherent metabolic factors underlying the immune cell differentiation have gradually come to light. Mounting number of studies have revealed that glutaminolysis plays an indelible role in the differentiation of CD4+ T cells. Besides, alterations in the glutaminolysis can also lead to changes in the fate of peripheral CD4+ T cells. All of this indicate that the glutaminolysis pathway has excellent potential for interventional regulation of CD4+ T cells differentiation. Here, we summarized the process by which glutaminolysis regulates the fate of CD4+ T cells during differentiation and further investigated how to reshape abnormal CD4+ T cell differentiation by targeting glutaminolysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tong Liu
- Department of General Surgery, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
- Tianjin General Surgery Institute, Tianjin, China
| | - Shaohua Ren
- Department of General Surgery, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
- Tianjin General Surgery Institute, Tianjin, China
| | - Chenglu Sun
- Department of General Surgery, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
- Tianjin General Surgery Institute, Tianjin, China
| | - Pengyu Zhao
- Department of General Surgery, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
- Tianjin General Surgery Institute, Tianjin, China
| | - Hao Wang
- Department of General Surgery, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
- Tianjin General Surgery Institute, Tianjin, China
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Wang L, Chen Y, Wang M, Zhao C, Qiao D. Relationship between gene-environment interaction and obsessive-compulsive disorder: A systematic review. J Psychiatr Res 2023; 164:281-290. [PMID: 37390623 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpsychires.2023.06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2022] [Revised: 04/29/2023] [Accepted: 06/15/2023] [Indexed: 07/02/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Gene-environment interaction (G × E) refers to the change of genetic effects under the participation of environmental factors resulting in differences in genetic expression. G × E has been studied in the occurrence and development of many neuropsychiatric disorders, including obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD). AIM A systematic review was conducted to investigate the role of G × E plays in OCD. This review explored the relationship between G × E and the susceptibility to OCD occurrence, disease progression, and treatment response. METHODS This systematic literature search was performed using Web of Science, PubMed, Cochrane Library, and CNKI. Seven studies were selected, which included seven genes (BDNF, COMT, MAO, 5-HTT, SMAD4, PGRN, and SLC1A1) polymorphisms, polygenic risk score (PRS), and two environmental factors (childhood trauma and stressful life events). RESULTS Information from this systematic review indicated that G × E increased the susceptibility to OCD, played a crucial role in the clinical characteristics, and had an inconsistent impact on treatment response of OCD. FUTURE DIRECTIONS The multi-omics studies and the inclusion of G × E in future GWAS studies of OCD should be drawn more attention, which may contribute to a deeper understanding of the etiology of OCD as well as guide therapeutic interventions for the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lina Wang
- Department of Psychology, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, Shandong, 250358, China; Department of Psychiatry, Shandong Mental Health Center, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, 250014, China
| | - Yu Chen
- Jining Medical University, Jining, Shandong, 272000, China
| | - Miao Wang
- Jining Medical University, Jining, Shandong, 272000, China
| | - Chaoben Zhao
- Jining Medical University, Jining, Shandong, 272000, China
| | - Dongdong Qiao
- Department of Psychiatry, Shandong Mental Health Center, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, 250014, China.
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Krishnan KS, Billups B. ASC Transporters Mediate D-Serine Transport into Astrocytes Adjacent to Synapses in the Mouse Brain. Biomolecules 2023; 13:biom13050819. [PMID: 37238689 DOI: 10.3390/biom13050819] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2023] [Revised: 05/08/2023] [Accepted: 05/09/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
D-serine is an important signalling molecule, which activates N-methyl D-aspartate receptors (NMDARs) in conjunction with its fellow co-agonist, the neurotransmitter glutamate. Despite its involvement in plasticity and memory related to excitatory synapses, its cellular source and sink remain a question. We hypothesise that astrocytes, a type of glial cell that surrounds synapses, are likely candidates to control the extracellular concentration of D-Serine by removing it from the synaptic space. Using in situ patch clamp recordings and pharmacological manipulation of astrocytes in the CA1 region of the mouse hippocampal brain slices, we investigated the transport of D-serine across the plasma membrane. We observed the D-serine-induced transport-associated currents upon puff-application of 10 mM D-serine on astrocytes. Further, O-benzyl-L-serine and trans-4-hydroxy-proline, known substrate inhibitors of the alanine serine cysteine transporters (ASCT), reduced D-serine uptake. These results indicate that ASCT is a central mediator of astrocytic D-serine transport and plays a role in regulating its synaptic concentration by sequestration into astrocytes. Similar results were observed in astrocytes of the somatosensory cortex and Bergmann glia in the cerebellum, indicative of a general mechanism expressed across a range of brain areas. This removal of synaptic D-serine and its subsequent metabolic degradation are expected to reduce its extracellular availability, influencing NMDAR activation and NMDAR-dependent synaptic plasticity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karthik Subramanian Krishnan
- Eccles Institute of Neuroscience, The John Curtin School of Medical Research, The Australian National University, 131 Garran Road, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia
| | - Brian Billups
- Eccles Institute of Neuroscience, The John Curtin School of Medical Research, The Australian National University, 131 Garran Road, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia
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Lan M, Zhang S, Gao L. Efficient Generation of Paired Single-Cell Multiomics Profiles by Deep Learning. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2023:e2301169. [PMID: 37114830 PMCID: PMC10375161 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202301169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2023] [Revised: 04/08/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
Recent advances in single-cell sequencing technology have made it possible to measure multiple paired omics simultaneously in a single cell such as cellular indexing of transcriptomes and epitopes by sequencing (CITE-seq) and single-nucleus chromatin accessibility and mRNA expression sequencing (SNARE-seq). However, the widespread application of these single-cell multiomics profiling technologies has been limited by their experimental complexity, noise in nature, and high cost. In addition, single-omics sequencing technologies have generated tremendous and high-quality single-cell datasets but have yet to be fully utilized. Here, single-cell multiomics generation (scMOG), a deep learning-based framework to generate single-cell assay for transposase-accessible chromatin (ATAC) data in silico is developed from experimentally available single-cell RNA-seq measurements and vice versa. The results demonstrate that scMOG can accurately perform cross-omics generation between RNA and ATAC, and generate paired multiomics data with biological meanings when one omics is experimentally unavailable and out of training datasets. The generated ATAC, either alone or in combination with measured RNA, exhibits equivalent or superior performance to that of the experimentally measured counterparts throughout multiple downstream analyses. scMOG is also applied to human lymphoma data, which proves to be more effective in identifying tumor samples than the experimentally measured ATAC data. Finally, the performance of scMOG is investigated in other omics such as proteomics and it still shows robust performance on surface protein generation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng Lan
- School of Computer Science and Technology, Xidian University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710071, China
| | - Shixiong Zhang
- School of Computer Science and Technology, Xidian University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710071, China
| | - Lin Gao
- School of Computer Science and Technology, Xidian University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710071, China
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Sauve S, Williamson J, Polasa A, Moradi M. Ins and Outs of Rocker Switch Mechanism in Major Facilitator Superfamily of Transporters. MEMBRANES 2023; 13:membranes13050462. [PMID: 37233523 DOI: 10.3390/membranes13050462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2023] [Revised: 04/20/2023] [Accepted: 04/23/2023] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
The major facilitator superfamily (MFS) of transporters consists of three classes of membrane transporters: symporters, uniporters, and antiporters. Despite such diverse functions, MFS transporters are believed to undergo similar conformational changes within their distinct transport cycles, known as the rocker-switch mechanism. While the similarities between conformational changes are noteworthy, the differences are also important since they could potentially explain the distinct functions of symporters, uniporters, and antiporters of the MFS superfamily. We reviewed a variety of experimental and computational structural data on a select number of antiporters, symporters, and uniporters from the MFS family to compare the similarities and differences of the conformational dynamics of three different classes of transporters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie Sauve
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR 72701, USA
| | - Joseph Williamson
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR 72701, USA
| | - Adithya Polasa
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR 72701, USA
| | - Mahmoud Moradi
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR 72701, USA
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Ratz ML, Leary G, Grindeland A, Silvius D, Guter J, Kavanaugh MP, Gunn TM. Generation and characterization of a knock-in mouse model for Spastic Tetraplegia, Thin Corpus Callosum, and Progressive Microcephaly (SPATCCM). RESEARCH SQUARE 2023:rs.3.rs-2839029. [PMID: 37162879 PMCID: PMC10168478 DOI: 10.21203/rs.3.rs-2839029/v1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
SLC1A4 (solute carrier family 1 member 4, also referred to as ASCT1, Alanine/Serine/Cysteine/Threonine-preferring Transporter 1) is a sodium-dependent neutral amino acid transporter. It is highly expressed in many tissues, including the brain, where it is expressed primarily on astrocytes and plays key roles in neuronal differentiation and development, maintaining neurotransmitter homeostasis, and N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) neurotransmission, through regulation of L- and D-serine. Mutations in SLC1A4 are associated with the rare autosomal recessive neurodevelopmental disorder spastic tetraplegia, thin corpus callosum, and progressive microcephaly (SPATCCM, OMIM 616657). Psychomotor development and speech are significantly impaired in these patients, and many develop seizures. We generated and characterized a knock-in mouse model for the most common mutant allele, which results in a single amino acid change (p.Glu256Lys, or E256K). Homozygous mutants had increased D-serine uptake in the brain, microcephaly, and thin corpus callosum and cortex layer 1. While p.E256K homozygotes showed some significant differences in exploratory behavior relative to wildtype mice, their performance in assays for motor coordination, endurance, learning, and memory was normal, and they showed no significant differences in long-term potentiation. Taken together, these results indicate that some aspects of SLC1A4 function in brain development are conserved between mice and humans, but the impact of the p.E256K mutation on cognition and motor function is minimal in mice.
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Dong Y, Wang J, Garibsingh RA, Hutchinson K, Shi Y, Eisenberg G, Yu X, Schlessinger A, Grewer C. Conserved allosteric inhibition mechanism in SLC1 transporters. eLife 2023; 12:e83464. [PMID: 36856089 PMCID: PMC10017108 DOI: 10.7554/elife.83464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2022] [Accepted: 02/27/2023] [Indexed: 03/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Excitatory amino acid transporter 1 (EAAT1) is a glutamate transporter belonging to the SLC1 family of solute carriers. It plays a key role in the regulation of the extracellular glutamate concentration in the mammalian brain. The structure of EAAT1 was determined in complex with UCPH-101, apotent, non-competitive inhibitor of EAAT1. Alanine serine cysteine transporter 2 (ASCT2) is a neutral amino acid transporter, which regulates pools of amino acids such as glutamine between intracellular and extracellular compartments . ASCT2 also belongs to the SLC1 family and shares 58% sequence similarity with EAAT1. However, allosteric modulation of ASCT2 via non-competitive inhibitors is unknown. Here, we explore the UCPH-101 inhibitory mechanisms of EAAT1 and ASCT2 by using rapid kinetic experiments. Our results show that UCPH-101 slows substrate translocation rather than substrate or Na+ binding, confirming a non-competitive inhibitory mechanism, but only partially inhibits wild-type ASCT2. Guided by computational modeling using ligand docking and molecular dynamics simulations, we selected two residues involved in UCPH-101/EAAT1 interaction, which were mutated in ASCT2 (F136Y, I237M, F136Y/I237M) in the corresponding positions. We show that in the F136Y/I237M double-mutant transporter, 100% of the inhibitory effect of UCPH-101 could be restored, and the apparent affinity was increased (Ki = 4.3 μM), much closer to the EAAT1 value of 0.6 μM. Finally, we identify a novel non-competitive ASCT2 inhibitor, through virtual screening and experimental testing against the allosteric site, further supporting its localization. Together, these data indicate that the mechanism of allosteric modulation is conserved between EAAT1 and ASCT2. Due to the difference in binding site residues between ASCT2 and EAAT1, these results raise the possibility that more potent, and potentially selective ASCT2 allosteric inhibitors can be designed .
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Dong
- Department of Chemistry, Binghamton UniversityBinghamtonUnited States
| | - Jiali Wang
- Department of Chemistry, Binghamton UniversityBinghamtonUnited States
| | - Rachel-Ann Garibsingh
- Department of Pharmacological Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount SinaiNew YorkUnited States
| | - Keino Hutchinson
- Department of Pharmacological Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount SinaiNew YorkUnited States
| | - Yueyue Shi
- Department of Chemistry, Binghamton UniversityBinghamtonUnited States
| | - Gilad Eisenberg
- Department of Chemistry, Binghamton UniversityBinghamtonUnited States
| | - Xiaozhen Yu
- Department of Chemistry, Binghamton UniversityBinghamtonUnited States
| | - Avner Schlessinger
- Department of Pharmacological Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount SinaiNew YorkUnited States
| | - Christof Grewer
- Department of Chemistry, Binghamton UniversityBinghamtonUnited States
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Gauthier-Coles G, Fairweather SJ, Bröer A, Bröer S. Do Amino Acid Antiporters Have Asymmetric Substrate Specificity? Biomolecules 2023; 13:biom13020301. [PMID: 36830670 PMCID: PMC9953452 DOI: 10.3390/biom13020301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2022] [Revised: 01/31/2023] [Accepted: 02/03/2023] [Indexed: 02/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Amino acid antiporters mediate the 1:1 exchange of groups of amino acids. Whether substrate specificity can be different for the inward and outward facing conformation has not been investigated systematically, although examples of asymmetric transport have been reported. Here we used LC-MS to detect the movement of 12C- and 13C-labelled amino acid mixtures across the plasma membrane of Xenopus laevis oocytes expressing a variety of amino acid antiporters. Differences of substrate specificity between transporter paralogs were readily observed using this method. Our results suggest that antiporters are largely symmetric, equalizing the pools of their substrate amino acids. Exceptions are the antiporters y+LAT1 and y+LAT2 where neutral amino acids are co-transported with Na+ ions, favouring their import. For the antiporters ASCT1 and ASCT2 glycine acted as a selective influx substrate, while proline was a selective influx substrate of ASCT1. These data show that antiporters can display non-canonical modes of transport.
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Circular RNA circ-AGFG1 contributes to esophageal squamous cell carcinoma progression and glutamine catabolism by targeting microRNA-497-5p/solute carrier family 1 member 5 axis. Anticancer Drugs 2023; 34:195-206. [PMID: 36206112 DOI: 10.1097/cad.0000000000001400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Circular RNAs (circRNAs) have been shown to play important regulatory roles in human malignancies. However, the role of circRNA ArfGAP with FG repeats 1 (circ-AGFG1) in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) progression and its associated mechanism are still largely undefined. Cell proliferation was analyzed by 3-(4,5-Dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide assay and 5-ethynyl-2'-deoxyuridine assay. Cell apoptosis was assessed by flow cytometry analysis. Transwell assay and wound healing assay were used to analyze cell invasion and migration abilities. The uptake of glutamine and the production of α-ketoglutarate and glutamate were analyzed using Glutamine Determination Kit, α-ketoglutarate Assay Kit and Glutamate Determination Kit. A xenograft tumor model was used to analyze the biological role of circ-AGFG1 in vivo . The interaction between microRNA-497-5p (miR-497-5p) and circ-AGFG1 or solute carrier family 1 member 5 (SLC1A5) was verified by dual-luciferase reporter assay. Circ-AGFG1 expression was upregulated in ESCC tissues and cell lines. Circ-AGFG1 silencing suppressed the proliferation, migration, invasion and glutaminolysis and triggered the apoptosis of ESCC cells. Circ-AGFG1 knockdown significantly slowed down tumor growth in vivo . Circ-AGFG1 acted as a sponge for miR-497-5p, and miR-497-5p interacted with the 3' untranslated region (3'UTR) of SLC1A5. miR-497-5p silencing largely abolished circ-AGFG1 silencing-induced effects in ESCC cells. miR-497-5p overexpression-mediated influences in ESCC cells were largely reversed by the addition of SLC1A5 expressing plasmid. Circ-AGFG1 could upregulate SLC1A5 expression by sponging miR-497-5p. In summary, circ-AGFG1 acted as an oncogene to elevate the malignant potential and promote the glutamine catabolism of ESCC cells by targeting the miR-497-5p/SLC1A5 axis.
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Yahya DN, Guad RM, Wu YS, Gan SH, Gopinath SCB, Zakariah HA, Rashid RA, Sim MS. SLC1A2 Gene Polymorphism Influences Methamphetamine-Induced Psychosis. J Pers Med 2023; 13:jpm13020270. [PMID: 36836504 PMCID: PMC9964684 DOI: 10.3390/jpm13020270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2022] [Revised: 01/05/2023] [Accepted: 01/18/2023] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
SLC1A2 is a gene encoded for the excitatory amino acid transporter 2 which is responsible for glutamate reuptake from the synaptic cleft in the central nervous system. Recent studies have suggested that polymorphisms on glutamate transporters can affect drug dependence, leading to the development of neurological diseases and psychiatric disorders. Our study investigated the association of rs4755404 single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) of the SLC1A2 gene with methamphetamine (METH) dependence and METH-induced psychosis and mania in a Malaysian population. The rs4755404 gene polymorphism was genotyped in METH-dependent male subjects (n = 285) and male control subjects (n = 251). The subjects consisted of the four ethnic groups in Malaysia (Malay, Chinese, Kadazan-Dusun, and Bajau). Interestingly, there was a significant association between rs4755404 polymorphism and METH-induced psychosis in the pooled METH-dependent subjects in terms of genotype frequency (p = 0.041). However, there was no significant association between rs4755404 polymorphism and METH dependence. Also, the rs455404 polymorphism was not significantly associated with METH-induced mania for both genotype frequencies and allele frequencies in the METH-dependent subjects, regardless of stratification into the different ethnicities. Our study suggests that the SLC1A2 rs4755404 gene polymorphism confers some susceptibility to METH-induced psychosis, especially for those who carry the GG homozygous genotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dayang Nooreffazleen Yahya
- Department of Pharmaceutical Life Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universiti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia
| | - Rhanye Mac Guad
- Department of Biomedical Science and Therapeutics, Faculty of Medicine and Health Science, Universiti Malaysia Sabah, Kota Kinabalu 88400, Malaysia
- Correspondence: (R.M.G.); (M.S.S.)
| | - Yuan-Seng Wu
- Department of Biological Sciences, School of Medical and Life Sciences, Sunway University, Subang Jaya 47500, Malaysia
- Centre for Virus and Vaccine Research, School of Medical and Life Sciences, Sunway University, Subang Jaya 47500, Malaysia
| | - Siew Hua Gan
- School of Pharmacy, Monash University Malaysia, Bandar Sunway, Subang Jaya 47500, Malaysia
| | - Subash C. B. Gopinath
- Faculty of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Universiti Malaysia Perlis, Arau 02600, Malaysia
- Institute of Nano Electronic Engineering, Universiti Malaysia Perlis, Kangar 01000, Malaysia
- Micro System Technology, Centre of Excellence (CoE), Universiti Malaysia Perlis (UniMAP), Pauh Campus, Arau 02600, Malaysia
| | - Hasif Adli Zakariah
- Department of Pharmaceutical Life Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universiti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia
| | - Rusdi Abdul Rashid
- Department of Psychological Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia
| | - Maw Shin Sim
- Department of Pharmaceutical Life Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universiti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia
- Correspondence: (R.M.G.); (M.S.S.)
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Gyimesi G, Hediger MA. Transporter-Mediated Drug Delivery. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28031151. [PMID: 36770817 PMCID: PMC9919865 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28031151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2022] [Revised: 01/12/2023] [Accepted: 01/18/2023] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Transmembrane transport of small organic and inorganic molecules is one of the cornerstones of cellular metabolism. Among transmembrane transporters, solute carrier (SLC) proteins form the largest, albeit very diverse, superfamily with over 400 members. It was recognized early on that xenobiotics can directly interact with SLCs and that this interaction can fundamentally determine their efficacy, including bioavailability and intertissue distribution. Apart from the well-established prodrug strategy, the chemical ligation of transporter substrates to nanoparticles of various chemical compositions has recently been used as a means to enhance their targeting and absorption. In this review, we summarize efforts in drug design exploiting interactions with specific SLC transporters to optimize their therapeutic effects. Furthermore, we describe current and future challenges as well as new directions for the advanced development of therapeutics that target SLC transporters.
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Li L, Zhang C, Wang Z, Wang Y, Guo Y, Qi C, You G, Zhang Z, Fan X, Jiang T. Development of an integrated predictive model for postoperative glioma-related epilepsy using gene-signature and clinical data. BMC Cancer 2023; 23:42. [PMID: 36631762 PMCID: PMC9835377 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-022-10385-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2022] [Accepted: 11/30/2022] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND This study aimed to develop an integrated model for predicting the occurrence of postoperative seizures in patients with diffuse high-grade gliomas (DHGGs) using clinical and RNA-seq data. METHODS Patients with DHGGs, who received prophylactic anti-epileptic drugs (AEDs) for three months following surgery, were enrolled into the study. The patients were assigned randomly into training (n = 166) and validation (n = 42) cohorts. Differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified based on preoperative glioma-related epilepsy (GRE) history. Least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) logistic regression analysis was used to construct a predictive gene-signature for the occurrence of postoperative seizures. The final integrated prediction model was generated using the gene-signature and clinical data. Receiver operating characteristic analysis and calibration curve method were used to evaluate the accuracy of the gene-signature and prediction model using the training and validation cohorts. RESULTS A seven-gene signature for predicting the occurrence of postoperative seizures was developed using LASSO logistic regression analysis of 623 DEGs. The gene-signature showed satisfactory predictive capacity in the training cohort [area under the curve (AUC) = 0.842] and validation cohort (AUC = 0.751). The final integrated prediction model included age, temporal lobe involvement, preoperative GRE history, and gene-signature-derived risk score. The AUCs of the integrated prediction model were 0.878 and 0.845 for the training and validation cohorts, respectively. CONCLUSION We developed an integrated prediction model for the occurrence of postoperative seizures in patients with DHGG using clinical and RNA-Seq data. The findings of this study may contribute to the development of personalized management strategies for patients with DHGGs and improve our understanding of the mechanisms underlying GRE in these patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lianwang Li
- grid.411918.40000 0004 1798 6427Department of Neuro-Oncology and Neurosurgery, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin, 300060 China
| | - Chuanbao Zhang
- grid.411617.40000 0004 0642 1244Department of Neurosurgery, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100070 China
| | - Zheng Wang
- grid.411617.40000 0004 0642 1244Department of Neurosurgery, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100070 China
| | - Yinyan Wang
- grid.411617.40000 0004 0642 1244Department of Neurosurgery, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100070 China
| | - Yuhao Guo
- grid.411617.40000 0004 0642 1244Beijing Neurosurgical Institute, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100070 China
| | - Chong Qi
- grid.411617.40000 0004 0642 1244Beijing Neurosurgical Institute, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100070 China
| | - Gan You
- grid.411617.40000 0004 0642 1244Department of Neurosurgery, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100070 China
| | - Zhong Zhang
- grid.411617.40000 0004 0642 1244Department of Neurosurgery, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100070 China
| | - Xing Fan
- grid.411617.40000 0004 0642 1244Department of Neurosurgery, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100070 China ,grid.411617.40000 0004 0642 1244Beijing Neurosurgical Institute, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100070 China
| | - Tao Jiang
- grid.411617.40000 0004 0642 1244Department of Neurosurgery, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100070 China ,grid.411617.40000 0004 0642 1244Beijing Neurosurgical Institute, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100070 China ,grid.506261.60000 0001 0706 7839Research Units of Accurate Diagnosis and Treatment of Brain Tumors and Translational Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100730 China
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Wang G, Sweren E, Andrews W, Li Y, Chen J, Xue Y, Wier E, Alphonse MP, Luo L, Miao Y, Chen R, Zeng D, Lee S, Li A, Dare E, Kim D, Archer NK, Reddy SK, Resar L, Hu Z, Grice EA, Kane MA, Garza LA. Commensal microbiome promotes hair follicle regeneration by inducing keratinocyte HIF-1α signaling and glutamine metabolism. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2023; 9:eabo7555. [PMID: 36598999 PMCID: PMC9812389 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abo7555] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2022] [Accepted: 11/23/2022] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Tissue injury induces metabolic changes in stem cells, which likely modulate regeneration. Using a model of organ regeneration called wound-induced hair follicle neogenesis (WIHN), we identified skin-resident bacteria as key modulators of keratinocyte metabolism, demonstrating a positive correlation between bacterial load, glutamine metabolism, and regeneration. Specifically, through comprehensive multiomic analysis and single-cell RNA sequencing in murine skin, we show that bacterially induced hypoxia drives increased glutamine metabolism in keratinocytes with attendant enhancement of skin and hair follicle regeneration. In human skin wounds, topical broad-spectrum antibiotics inhibit glutamine production and are partially responsible for reduced healing. These findings reveal a conserved and coherent physiologic context in which bacterially induced metabolic changes improve the tolerance of stem cells to damage and enhance regenerative capacity. This unexpected proregenerative modulation of metabolism by the skin microbiome in both mice and humans suggests important methods for enhancing regeneration after injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gaofeng Wang
- Department of Plastic and Aesthetic Surgery, Nanfang Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province 510515, China
- Department of Dermatology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21210, USA
| | - Evan Sweren
- Department of Dermatology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21210, USA
| | - William Andrews
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy Mass Spectrometry Center, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
| | - Yue Li
- Department of Plastic and Aesthetic Surgery, Nanfang Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province 510515, China
| | - Junjun Chen
- Department of Dermatology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21210, USA
| | - Yingchao Xue
- Department of Dermatology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21210, USA
| | - Eric Wier
- Department of Dermatology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21210, USA
| | - Martin P. Alphonse
- Department of Dermatology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21210, USA
| | - Li Luo
- Departments of Medicine, Oncology, Pathology and Institute for Cellular Engineering, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21210, USA
| | - Yong Miao
- Department of Plastic and Aesthetic Surgery, Nanfang Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province 510515, China
| | - Ruosi Chen
- Department of Plastic and Aesthetic Surgery, Nanfang Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province 510515, China
- Department of Dermatology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21210, USA
| | - Dongqiang Zeng
- Department of Oncology, Nanfang Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province 510515, China
| | - Sam Lee
- Department of Dermatology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21210, USA
| | - Ang Li
- Department of Dermatology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21210, USA
| | - Erika Dare
- Department of Dermatology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21210, USA
| | - Dongwon Kim
- Department of Dermatology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21210, USA
- Department of Bio-Chemical Engineering, Dongseo University, Busan, Republic of Korea
| | - Nathan K. Archer
- Department of Dermatology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21210, USA
| | - Sashank K. Reddy
- Department of Dermatology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21210, USA
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA
| | - Linda Resar
- Departments of Medicine, Oncology, Pathology and Institute for Cellular Engineering, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21210, USA
| | - Zhiqi Hu
- Department of Plastic and Aesthetic Surgery, Nanfang Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province 510515, China
| | - Elizabeth A. Grice
- Department of Dermatology and Microbiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Maureen A. Kane
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy Mass Spectrometry Center, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
| | - Luis A. Garza
- Department of Dermatology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21210, USA
- Department of Cell Biology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21210, USA
- Department of Oncology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21210, USA
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42
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England A, Gharib-Naseri K, Kheravii SK, Wu SB. Influence of sex and rearing method on performance and flock uniformity in broilers-implications for research settings. ANIMAL NUTRITION (ZHONGGUO XU MU SHOU YI XUE HUI) 2022; 12:276-283. [PMID: 36712408 PMCID: PMC9869427 DOI: 10.1016/j.aninu.2022.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2022] [Revised: 11/02/2022] [Accepted: 12/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Male and female broiler chickens differ in their growth performance, carcass part weights and nutrient requirements. The potential reasons for these differences have been explored by looking at differences in nutrient digestibility, nutrient transporter gene expression as well as gut microbiota populations between male and female birds. Studies have shown that male broilers have higher crude protein requirements compared to female broilers. The expression of monosaccharide and amino acid transporters show conflicting results as expression depends on the interactions between sex and bird age and breed as well as which tissue is sampled. Differences in microbiota populations between the genders were reported which may contribute towards performance differences, however research in this area is limited. The differences observed between the sexes contribute to increased variation in nutrition trials, and the potential to rear birds as equally mixed-sex becomes an option to reduce the variation introduced by the sex effect. Difference in rearing options obviously would only be feasible provided a quick, practical and cost-effective method of sexing birds is available, a topic that is also discussed in this review.
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Wang D, Wan X. Progress in research on the role of amino acid metabolic reprogramming in tumour therapy: A review. Biomed Pharmacother 2022; 156:113923. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2022.113923] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2022] [Revised: 10/16/2022] [Accepted: 10/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
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Liu P, Tang N, Meng C, Yin Y, Qiu X, Tan L, Sun Y, Song C, Liu W, Liao Y, Lin SH, Ding C. SLC1A3 facilitates Newcastle disease virus replication by regulating glutamine catabolism. Virulence 2022; 13:1407-1422. [PMID: 35993169 PMCID: PMC9415643 DOI: 10.1080/21505594.2022.2112821] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
As obligate intracellular parasites, viruses rely completely on host metabolic machinery and hijack host nutrients for viral replication. Newcastle disease virus (NDV) causes acute, highly contagious avian disease and functions as an oncolytic agent. NDV efficiently replicates in both chicken and tumour cells. However, how NDV reprograms host cellular metabolism for its efficient replication is still ill-defined. We previously identified a significantly upregulated glutamate transporter gene, solute carrier family 1 member 3 (SLC1A3), during NDV infection via transcriptome analysis. To investigate the potential role of SLC1A3 during NDV infection, we first confirmed the marked upregulation of SLC1A3 in NDV-infected DF-1 or A549 cells through p53 and NF-κB pathways. Knockdown of SLC1A3 inhibited NDV infection. Western blot analysis further confirmed that glutamine, but not glutamate, asparagine, or aspartate, was required for NDV replication. Metabolic flux data showed that NDV promotes the decomposition of glutamine into the tricarboxylic acid cycle. Importantly, the level of glutamate and glutaminolysis were reduced by SLC1A3 knockdown, indicating that SLC1A3 propelled glutaminolysis for glutamate utilization and NDV replication in host cells. Taken together, our data identify that SLC1A3 serves as an important regulator for glutamine metabolism and is hijacked by NDV for its efficient replication during NDV infection. These results improve our understanding of the interaction between NDV and host cellular metabolism and lay the foundation for further investigation of efficient vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Panrao Liu
- Department of Avian Infectious Diseases, Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science, Shanghai, P.R. China
| | - Ning Tang
- Department of Avian Infectious Diseases, Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science, Shanghai, P.R. China.,College of Animal Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning, P.R. China
| | - Chunchun Meng
- Department of Avian Infectious Diseases, Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science, Shanghai, P.R. China
| | - Yuncong Yin
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, P.R. China
| | - Xusheng Qiu
- Department of Avian Infectious Diseases, Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science, Shanghai, P.R. China
| | - Lei Tan
- Department of Avian Infectious Diseases, Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science, Shanghai, P.R. China
| | - Yingjie Sun
- Department of Avian Infectious Diseases, Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science, Shanghai, P.R. China
| | - Cuiping Song
- Department of Avian Infectious Diseases, Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science, Shanghai, P.R. China
| | - Weiwei Liu
- Department of Avian Infectious Diseases, Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science, Shanghai, P.R. China
| | - Ying Liao
- Department of Avian Infectious Diseases, Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science, Shanghai, P.R. China
| | - Shu-Hai Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, Innovation Center for Cell Signaling Network, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, P.R. China
| | - Chan Ding
- Department of Avian Infectious Diseases, Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science, Shanghai, P.R. China.,Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, P.R. China
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45
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Gan Y, Wei Z, Liu C, Li G, Feng Y, Deng Y. Solute carrier transporter disease and developmental and epileptic encephalopathy. Front Neurol 2022; 13:1013903. [PMID: 36419532 PMCID: PMC9676364 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2022.1013903] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2022] [Accepted: 09/07/2022] [Indexed: 09/14/2023] Open
Abstract
The International League Against Epilepsy officially revised its classification in 2017, which amended "epileptic encephalopathy" to "developmental and epileptic encephalopathy". With the development of genetic testing technology, an increasing number of genes that cause developmental and epileptic encephalopathies are being identified. Among these, solute transporter dysfunction is part of the etiology of developmental and epileptic encephalopathies. Solute carrier transporters play an essential physiological function in the human body, and their dysfunction is associated with various human diseases. Therefore, in-depth studies of developmental and epileptic encephalopathies caused by solute carrier transporter dysfunction can help develop new therapeutic modalities to facilitate the treatment of refractory epilepsy and improve patient prognosis. In this article, the concept of transporter protein disorders is first proposed, and nine developmental and epileptic encephalopathies caused by solute carrier transporter dysfunction are described in detail in terms of pathogenesis, clinical manifestations, ancillary tests, and precise treatment to provide ideas for the precise treatment of epilepsy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yajing Gan
- Department of Neurology, Epilepsy Center of Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Zihan Wei
- Department of Neurology, Epilepsy Center of Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Chao Liu
- Department of Neurology, Epilepsy Center of Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Guoyan Li
- Department of Neurology, Epilepsy Center of Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Yan Feng
- Department of Neurology, Epilepsy Center of Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Yanchun Deng
- Department of Neurology, Epilepsy Center of Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
- Xijing Institute of Epilepsy and Encephalopathy, Xi'an, China
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46
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Halbrook CJ, Thurston G, Boyer S, Anaraki C, Jiménez JA, McCarthy A, Steele NG, Kerk SA, Hong HS, Lin L, Law FV, Felton C, Scipioni L, Sajjakulnukit P, Andren A, Beutel AK, Singh R, Nelson BS, Van Den Bergh F, Krall AS, Mullen PJ, Zhang L, Batra S, Morton JP, Stanger BZ, Christofk HR, Digman MA, Beard DA, Viale A, Zhang J, Crawford HC, Pasca di Magliano M, Jorgensen C, Lyssiotis CA. Differential integrated stress response and asparagine production drive symbiosis and therapy resistance of pancreatic adenocarcinoma cells. NATURE CANCER 2022; 3:1386-1403. [PMID: 36411320 PMCID: PMC9701142 DOI: 10.1038/s43018-022-00463-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2022] [Accepted: 10/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The pancreatic tumor microenvironment drives deregulated nutrient availability. Accordingly, pancreatic cancer cells require metabolic adaptations to survive and proliferate. Pancreatic cancer subtypes have been characterized by transcriptional and functional differences, with subtypes reported to exist within the same tumor. However, it remains unclear if this diversity extends to metabolic programming. Here, using metabolomic profiling and functional interrogation of metabolic dependencies, we identify two distinct metabolic subclasses among neoplastic populations within individual human and mouse tumors. Furthermore, these populations are poised for metabolic cross-talk, and in examining this, we find an unexpected role for asparagine supporting proliferation during limited respiration. Constitutive GCN2 activation permits ATF4 signaling in one subtype, driving excess asparagine production. Asparagine release provides resistance during impaired respiration, enabling symbiosis. Functionally, availability of exogenous asparagine during limited respiration indirectly supports maintenance of aspartate pools, a rate-limiting biosynthetic precursor. Conversely, depletion of extracellular asparagine with PEG-asparaginase sensitizes tumors to mitochondrial targeting with phenformin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher J Halbrook
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA.
- University of California Irvine Chao Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, Orange, CA, USA.
- Department of Molecular & Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA.
| | - Galloway Thurston
- Department of Molecular & Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Seth Boyer
- Department of Molecular & Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Cecily Anaraki
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Jennifer A Jiménez
- Department of Molecular & Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Amy McCarthy
- Cancer Research UK Manchester Institute, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Nina G Steele
- Department of Surgery, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
- Department of Surgery, Henry Ford Health System, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Samuel A Kerk
- Department of Molecular & Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Hanna S Hong
- Department of Molecular & Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Lin Lin
- Department of Molecular & Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Fiona V Law
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Catherine Felton
- Cancer Research UK Manchester Institute, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Lorenzo Scipioni
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Peter Sajjakulnukit
- Department of Molecular & Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Anthony Andren
- Department of Molecular & Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Alica K Beutel
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Rima Singh
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Barbara S Nelson
- Department of Molecular & Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Fran Van Den Bergh
- Department of Molecular & Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Abigail S Krall
- Department of Biological Chemistry, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Peter J Mullen
- Department of Biological Chemistry, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Li Zhang
- Department of Molecular & Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Sandeep Batra
- Riley Hospital for Children at Indiana University Health, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Jennifer P Morton
- Cancer Research UK Beatson Institute and Institute of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Ben Z Stanger
- Gastroenterology Division, Department of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Heather R Christofk
- Department of Biological Chemistry, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Michelle A Digman
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Daniel A Beard
- Department of Molecular & Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Andrea Viale
- Department of Genomic Medicine, Division of Cancer Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Ji Zhang
- Herman B. Wells Center for Pediatric Research, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Howard C Crawford
- Department of Molecular & Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
- Department of Surgery, Henry Ford Health System, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Marina Pasca di Magliano
- Department of Surgery, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
- University of Michigan Rogel Cancer Center, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Claus Jorgensen
- Cancer Research UK Manchester Institute, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Costas A Lyssiotis
- Department of Molecular & Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.
- University of Michigan Rogel Cancer Center, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.
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Ndaru E, Zielewicz L, Shi Y, Hutchinson K, Garibsingh RAA, Schlessinger A, Grewer C. Alanine serine cysteine transporter (ASCT) substrate binding site properties probed with hydroxyhomoserine esters. J PHYS ORG CHEM 2022; 35:e4347. [PMID: 36568026 PMCID: PMC9786560 DOI: 10.1002/poc.4347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2021] [Accepted: 03/18/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The glutamine transporter ASCT2 is highly overexpressed in cancer cells. Block of glutamine uptake by ASCT2 is a potential strategy to inhibit growth of cancer cells. However, pharmacology of the ASCT2 binding site is not well established. In this work, we report the computational docking to the binding site, and the synthesis of a new class of ASCT2 inhibitors based on the novel L-hydroxyhomoserine scaffold. While these compounds inhibit the ASCT2 leak anion conductance, as expected for competitive inhibitors, they did not block leak conductance in glutamate transporters (EAAT1-3 and EAAT5). They were also ineffective with respect to subtype ASCT1, which has >57% amino acid sequence similarity to ASCT2. Molecular docking studies agree very well with the experimental results and suggest specific polar interactions in the ASCT2 binding site. Our findings add to the repertoire of ASCT2 inhibitors and will aid in further studies of ASCT2 pharmacology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elias Ndaru
- Department of Chemistry, Binghamton University, Binghamton, NY 13902
| | - Laura Zielewicz
- Department of Chemistry, Binghamton University, Binghamton, NY 13902
| | - Yueyue Shi
- Department of Chemistry, Binghamton University, Binghamton, NY 13902
| | - Keino Hutchinson
- Department of Pharmacological Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029
| | - Rachel-Ann A Garibsingh
- Department of Pharmacological Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029
| | - Avner Schlessinger
- Department of Pharmacological Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029
| | - Christof Grewer
- Department of Chemistry, Binghamton University, Binghamton, NY 13902
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48
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Torres A, Pedersen B, Guma M. Solute carrier nutrient transporters in rheumatoid arthritis fibroblast-like synoviocytes. Front Immunol 2022; 13:984408. [PMID: 36341411 PMCID: PMC9632162 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.984408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2022] [Accepted: 09/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Metabolomic studies show that rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is associated with metabolic disruption. Metabolic changes in fibroblast-like synoviocytes (FLS) likely contribute to FLS abnormal response and strongly contribute to joint destruction. These changes often involve increased expression of nutrient transporters to meet a high demand for energy or biomolecules. The solute carrier (SLC) transporter families are nutrient transporters and serve as 'metabolic gates' for cells by mediating the transport of several different nutrients such as glucose, amino acids, vitamins, neurotransmitters, and inorganic/metal ions. In RA FLS SLC-mediated transmembrane transport was one pathway associated with different epigenetic landscape between RA and osteoarthritis (OA) FLS. These highlight that transporters from the SLC family offer unique targets for further research and offer the promise of future therapeutic targets for RA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alyssa Torres
- Division of Rheumatology, Allergy and Immunology and School of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, CA, United States
| | - Brian Pedersen
- Division of Rheumatology, Allergy and Immunology and School of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, CA, United States
- Department of Medicine, Veterans’ Affairs (VA) San Diego Healthcare System, San Diego, CA, United States
| | - Monica Guma
- Division of Rheumatology, Allergy and Immunology and School of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, CA, United States
- Department of Medicine, Veterans’ Affairs (VA) San Diego Healthcare System, San Diego, CA, United States
- Department of Medicine, Autonomous University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
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Excitatory Synaptic Transmission in Ischemic Stroke: A New Outlet for Classical Neuroprotective Strategies. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23169381. [PMID: 36012647 PMCID: PMC9409263 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23169381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2022] [Revised: 08/15/2022] [Accepted: 08/17/2022] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Stroke is one of the leading causes of death and disability in the world, of which ischemia accounts for the majority. There is growing evidence of changes in synaptic connections and neural network functions in the brain of stroke patients. Currently, the studies on these neurobiological alterations mainly focus on the principle of glutamate excitotoxicity, and the corresponding neuroprotective strategies are limited to blocking the overactivation of ionic glutamate receptors. Nevertheless, it is disappointing that these treatments often fail because of the unspecificity and serious side effects of the tested drugs in clinical trials. Thus, in the prevention and treatment of stroke, finding and developing new targets of neuroprotective intervention is still the focus and goal of research in this field. In this review, we focus on the whole processes of glutamatergic synaptic transmission and highlight the pathological changes underlying each link to help develop potential therapeutic strategies for ischemic brain damage. These strategies include: (1) controlling the synaptic or extra-synaptic release of glutamate, (2) selectively blocking the action of the glutamate receptor NMDAR subunit, (3) increasing glutamate metabolism, and reuptake in the brain and blood, and (4) regulating the glutamate system by GABA receptors and the microbiota–gut–brain axis. Based on these latest findings, it is expected to promote a substantial understanding of the complex glutamate signal transduction mechanism, thereby providing excellent neuroprotection research direction for human ischemic stroke (IS).
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Li Z, Li X, Jin M, Liu Y, He Y, Jia N, Cui X, Liu Y, Hu G, Yu Q. Identification of potential biomarkers and their correlation with immune infiltration cells in schizophrenia using combinative bioinformatics strategy. Psychiatry Res 2022; 314:114658. [PMID: 35660966 DOI: 10.1016/j.psychres.2022.114658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2021] [Revised: 05/17/2022] [Accepted: 05/29/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Many studies have identified changes in gene expression in brains of schizophrenia patients and their altered molecular processes, but the findings in different datasets were inconsistent and diverse. Here we performed the most comprehensive analysis of gene expression patterns to explore the underlying mechanisms and the potential biomarkers for early diagnosis in schizophrenia. We focused on 10 gene expression datasets in post-mortem human brain samples of schizophrenia downloaded from gene expression omnibus (GEO) database using the integrated bioinformatics analyses including robust rank aggregation (RRA) algorithm, Weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA) and CIBERSORT. Machine learning algorithm was used to construct the risk prediction model for early diagnosis of schizophrenia. We identified 15 key genes (SLC1A3, AQP4, GJA1, ALDH1L1, SOX9, SLC4A4, EGR1, NOTCH2, PVALB, ID4, ABCG2, METTL7A, ARC, F3 and EMX2) in schizophrenia by performing multiple bioinformatics analysis algorithms. Moreover, the interesting part of the study is that there is a correlation between the expression of hub genes and the immune infiltrating cells estimated by CIBERSORT. Besides, the risk prediction model was constructed by using both these genes and the immune cells with a high accuracy of 0.83 in the training set, and achieved a high AUC of 0.77 for the test set. Our study identified several potential biomarkers for diagnosis of SCZ based on multiple bioinformatics algorithms, and the constructed risk prediction model using these biomarkers achieved high accuracy. The results provide evidence for an improved understanding of the molecular mechanism of schizophrenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhijun Li
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of public health, Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, China
| | - Xinwei Li
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of public health, Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, China
| | - Mengdi Jin
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of public health, Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, China
| | - Yang Liu
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of public health, Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, China
| | - Yang He
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of public health, Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, China
| | - Ningning Jia
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of public health, Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, China
| | - Xingyao Cui
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of public health, Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, China
| | - Yane Liu
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of public health, Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, China
| | - Guoyan Hu
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of public health, Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, China
| | - Qiong Yu
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of public health, Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, China.
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