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Evans AD, Pournoori N, Saksala E, Oommen OP. Glycosaminoglycans' for brain health: Harnessing glycosaminoglycan based biomaterials for treating central nervous system diseases and in-vitro modeling. Biomaterials 2024; 309:122629. [PMID: 38797120 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2024.122629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2023] [Revised: 05/06/2024] [Accepted: 05/19/2024] [Indexed: 05/29/2024]
Abstract
Dysfunction of the central nervous system (CNS) following traumatic brain injuries (TBI), spinal cord injuries (SCI), or strokes remains challenging to address using existing medications and cell-based therapies. Although therapeutic cell administration, such as stem cells and neuronal progenitor cells (NPCs), have shown promise in regenerative properties, they have failed to provide substantial benefits. However, the development of living cortical tissue engineered grafts, created by encapsulating these cells within an extracellular matrix (ECM) mimetic hydrogel scaffold, presents a promising functional replacement for damaged cortex in cases of stroke, SCI, and TBI. These grafts facilitate neural network repair and regeneration following CNS injuries. Given that natural glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) are a major constituent of the CNS, GAG-based hydrogels hold potential for the next generation of CNS healing therapies and in vitro modeling of CNS diseases. Brain-specific GAGs not only offer structural and biochemical signaling support to encapsulated neural cells but also modulate the inflammatory response in lesioned brain tissue, facilitating host integration and regeneration. This review briefly discusses different roles of GAGs and their related proteoglycan counterparts in healthy and diseases brain and explores current trends and advancements in GAG-based biomaterials for treating CNS injuries and modeling diseases. Additionally, it examines injectable, 3D bioprintable, and conductive GAG-based scaffolds, highlighting their clinical potential for in vitro modeling of patient-specific neural dysfunction and their ability to enhance CNS regeneration and repair following CNS injury in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Austin D Evans
- Bioengineering and Nanomedicine Group, Faculty of Medicine and Health Technologies, Tampere University, 33720, Tampere, Finland
| | - Negin Pournoori
- Bioengineering and Nanomedicine Group, Faculty of Medicine and Health Technologies, Tampere University, 33720, Tampere, Finland
| | - Emmi Saksala
- Bioengineering and Nanomedicine Group, Faculty of Medicine and Health Technologies, Tampere University, 33720, Tampere, Finland
| | - Oommen P Oommen
- Bioengineering and Nanomedicine Group, Faculty of Medicine and Health Technologies, Tampere University, 33720, Tampere, Finland; School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cardiff University, King Edward VII Avenue, Cardiff CF10 3NB, UK.
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2
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Elahimanesh M, Shokri N, Mohammadi P, Parvaz N, Najafi M. Step by step analysis on gene datasets of growth phases in hematopoietic stem cells. Biochem Biophys Rep 2024; 39:101737. [PMID: 38881758 PMCID: PMC11176649 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrep.2024.101737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2024] [Revised: 05/16/2024] [Accepted: 05/19/2024] [Indexed: 06/18/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Umbilical cord blood hematopoietic stem cells (UCB-HSCs) have important roles in the treatment of illnesses based on their self-renewal and potency characteristics. Knowing the gene profiles and signaling pathways involved in each step of the cell cycle could improve the therapeutic approaches of HSCs. The aim of this study was to predict the gene profiles and signaling pathways involved in the G0, G1, and differentiation stages of HSCs. Methods Interventional (n = 8) and non-interventional (n = 3) datasets were obtained from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database, and were crossed and analyzed to determine the high- and low-express genes related to each of the G0, G1, and differentiation stages of HSCs. Then, the scores of STRING were annotated to the gene data. The gene networks were constructed using Cytoscape software, and enriched with the KEGG and GO databases. Results The high- and low-express genes were determined due to inter and intra intersections of the interventional and non-interventional data. The non-interventional data were applied to construct the gene networks (n = 6) with the nodes improved using the interventional data. Several important signaling pathways were suggested in each of the G0, G1, and differentiation stages. Conclusion The data revealed that the different signaling pathways are activated in each of the G0, G1, and differentiation stages so that their genes may be targeted to improve the HSC therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Elahimanesh
- Clinical Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Nafiseh Shokri
- Clinical Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Payam Mohammadi
- Clinical Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Najmeh Parvaz
- Clinical Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Najafi
- Clinical Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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3
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Ding S, Chen Y, Huang C, Song L, Liang Z, Wei B. Perception and response of skeleton to mechanical stress. Phys Life Rev 2024; 49:77-94. [PMID: 38564907 DOI: 10.1016/j.plrev.2024.03.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2024] [Accepted: 03/26/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024]
Abstract
Mechanical stress stands as a fundamental factor in the intricate processes governing the growth, development, morphological shaping, and maintenance of skeletal mass. The profound influence of stress in shaping the skeletal framework prompts the assertion that stress essentially births the skeleton. Despite this acknowledgment, the mechanisms by which the skeleton perceives and responds to mechanical stress remain enigmatic. In this comprehensive review, our scrutiny focuses on the structural composition and characteristics of sclerotin, leading us to posit that it serves as the primary structure within the skeleton responsible for bearing and perceiving mechanical stress. Furthermore, we propose that osteocytes within the sclerotin emerge as the principal mechanical-sensitive cells, finely attuned to perceive mechanical stress. And a detailed analysis was conducted on the possible transmission pathways of mechanical stress from the extracellular matrix to the nucleus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sicheng Ding
- Department of Minimally invasive spine surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang 524001, China
| | - Yiren Chen
- Department of Minimally invasive spine surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang 524001, China
| | - Chengshuo Huang
- Department of Minimally invasive spine surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang 524001, China
| | - Lijun Song
- Reproductive Medicine Center, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang 524001, China
| | - Zhen Liang
- Department of Minimally invasive spine surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang 524001, China.
| | - Bo Wei
- Department of Minimally invasive spine surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang 524001, China.
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4
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Leo CM, Jang J, Corey EJ, Neary WJ, Bowman JI, Kennemur JG. Comparison of Polypentenamer and Polynorbornene Bottlebrushes in Dilute Solution. ACS POLYMERS AU 2024; 4:235-246. [PMID: 38882033 PMCID: PMC11177302 DOI: 10.1021/acspolymersau.3c00052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2023] [Revised: 02/08/2024] [Accepted: 02/12/2024] [Indexed: 06/18/2024]
Abstract
Bottlebrush (BB) polymers were synthesized via grafting-from-atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP) of styrene on polypentenamer and polynorbornene macroinitiators with matched grafting density (n g = 4) and backbone degrees of polymerization (122 ≥ N bb ≥ 61) to produce a comparative study on their respective dilute solution properties as a function of increasing side chain degree of polymerization (116 ≥ N sc ≥ 5). The grafting-from technique produced near quantitative grafting efficiency and narrow dispersity N sc as evidenced by spectroscopic analysis and ring closing metathesis depolymerization of the polypentenamer BBs. The versatility of this synthetic approach permitted a comprehensive survey of power law expressions that arise from monitoring intrinsic viscosity, hydrodynamic radius, and radius of gyration as a function of increasing the molar mass of the BBs by increasing N sc. These values were compared to a series of linear (nongrafted, N sc = 0) macroinitiators in addition to linear grafts. This unique study allowed elucidation of the onset of bottlebrush behavior for two different types of bottlebrush backbones with identical grafting density but inherently different flexibility. In addition, grafting-from ATRP of methyl acrylate on a polypentenamer macroinitiator allowed the observation of the effects of graft chemistry in comparison to polystyrene. Differences in the observed scaling relationships in dilute solution as a function of each of these synthetic variants are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Courtney M Leo
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida 32303, United States
| | - Jaehoon Jang
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida 32303, United States
| | - Ethan J Corey
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida 32303, United States
| | - William J Neary
- Department of Chemistry, University of California at Riverside, Riverside, California 92521, United States
| | - Jared I Bowman
- George and Josephine Butler Polymer Research Laboratory, Center for Macromolecular Science & Engineering, Department of Chemistry, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611, United States
| | - Justin G Kennemur
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida 32303, United States
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Mürer FK, Tekseth KR, Chattopadhyay B, Olstad K, Akram MN, Breiby DW. Multimodal 2D and 3D microscopic mapping of growth cartilage by computational imaging techniques - a short review including new research. Biomed Phys Eng Express 2024; 10:045041. [PMID: 38744257 DOI: 10.1088/2057-1976/ad4b1f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2023] [Accepted: 05/14/2024] [Indexed: 05/16/2024]
Abstract
Being able to image the microstructure of growth cartilage is important for understanding the onset and progression of diseases such as osteochondrosis and osteoarthritis, as well as for developing new treatments and implants. Studies of cartilage using conventional optical brightfield microscopy rely heavily on histological staining, where the added chemicals provide tissue-specific colours. Other microscopy contrast mechanisms include polarization, phase- and scattering contrast, enabling non-stained or 'label-free' imaging that significantly simplifies the sample preparation, thereby also reducing the risk of artefacts. Traditional high-performance microscopes tend to be both bulky and expensive.Computational imagingdenotes a range of techniques where computers with dedicated algorithms are used as an integral part of the image formation process. Computational imaging offers many advantages like 3D measurements, aberration correction and quantitative phase contrast, often combined with comparably cheap and compact hardware. X-ray microscopy is also progressing rapidly, in certain ways trailing the development of optical microscopy. In this study, we first briefly review the structures of growth cartilage and relevant microscopy characterization techniques, with an emphasis on Fourier ptychographic microscopy (FPM) and advanced x-ray microscopies. We next demonstrate with our own results computational imaging through FPM and compare the images with hematoxylin eosin and saffron (HES)-stained histology. Zernike phase contrast, and the nonlinear optical microscopy techniques of second harmonic generation (SHG) and two-photon excitation fluorescence (TPEF) are explored. Furthermore, X-ray attenuation-, phase- and diffraction-contrast computed tomography (CT) images of the very same sample are presented for comparisons. Future perspectives on the links to artificial intelligence, dynamic studies andin vivopossibilities conclude the article.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fredrik K Mürer
- Department of Physics, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), Høgskoleringen 5, 7491 Trondheim, Norway
- SINTEF Helgeland AS, Halvor Heyerdahls vei 33, 8626 Mo i Rana, Norway
| | - Kim R Tekseth
- Department of Physics, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), Høgskoleringen 5, 7491 Trondheim, Norway
| | - Basab Chattopadhyay
- Department of Physics, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), Høgskoleringen 5, 7491 Trondheim, Norway
| | - Kristin Olstad
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Companion Animal Clinical Sciences, Norwegian University of Life Sciences (NMBU), Equine section, PO Box 5003, 1432 Ås, Norway
| | - Muhammad Nadeem Akram
- Department of Microsystems, University of South-Eastern Norway (USN), 3184 Borre, Norway
| | - Dag W Breiby
- Department of Physics, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), Høgskoleringen 5, 7491 Trondheim, Norway
- Department of Microsystems, University of South-Eastern Norway (USN), 3184 Borre, Norway
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Pérez-Rubio P, Vendrell-Flotats M, Romero EL, Enemark-Rasmussen K, Cervera L, Gòdia F, Lavado-García J. Internalization of PEI-based complexes in transient transfection of HEK293 cells is triggered by coalescence of membrane heparan sulfate proteoglycans like Glypican-4. Biomed Pharmacother 2024; 176:116893. [PMID: 38850653 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2024.116893] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2024] [Revised: 05/23/2024] [Accepted: 06/05/2024] [Indexed: 06/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Polymer-cationic mediated gene delivery is a well-stablished strategy of transient gene expression (TGE) in mammalian cell cultures. Nonetheless, its industrial implementation is hindered by the phenomenon known as cell density effect (CDE) that limits the cell density at which cultures can be efficiently transfected. The rise in personalized medicine and multiple cell and gene therapy approaches based on TGE, make more relevant to understand how to circumvent the CDE. A rational study upon DNA/PEI complex formation, stability and delivery during transfection of HEK293 cell cultures has been conducted, providing insights on the mechanisms for polyplexes uptake at low cell density and disruption at high cell density. DNA/PEI polyplexes were physiochemically characterized by coupling X-ray spectroscopy, confocal microscopy, cryo-transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR). Our results showed that the ionic strength of polyplexes significantly increased upon their addition to exhausted media. This was reverted by depleting extracellular vesicles (EVs) from the media. The increase in ionic strength led to polyplex aggregation and prevented efficient cell transfection which could be counterbalanced by implementing a simple media replacement (MR) step before transfection. Inhibiting and labeling specific cell-surface proteoglycans (PGs) species revealed different roles of PGs in polyplexes uptake. Importantly, the polyplexes uptake process seemed to be triggered by a coalescence phenomenon of HSPG like glypican-4 around polyplex entry points. Ultimately, this study provides new insights into PEI-based cell transfection methodologies, enabling to enhance transient transfection and mitigate the cell density effect (CDE).
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Affiliation(s)
- Pol Pérez-Rubio
- Grup d'Enginyeria de Bioprocessos i Biocatàlisi Aplicada, Escola d'Enginyeria, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Campus de Bellaterra, Cerdanyola del Vallès, Barcelona 08193, Spain
| | - Meritxell Vendrell-Flotats
- Servei de Microscòpia, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Campus de Bellaterra, Cerdanyola del Vallès, Barcelona 08193, Spain
| | - Elianet Lorenzo Romero
- Grup d'Enginyeria de Bioprocessos i Biocatàlisi Aplicada, Escola d'Enginyeria, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Campus de Bellaterra, Cerdanyola del Vallès, Barcelona 08193, Spain
| | | | - Laura Cervera
- Grup d'Enginyeria de Bioprocessos i Biocatàlisi Aplicada, Escola d'Enginyeria, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Campus de Bellaterra, Cerdanyola del Vallès, Barcelona 08193, Spain; Serra Hunter Lecturer Professor.
| | - Francesc Gòdia
- Grup d'Enginyeria de Bioprocessos i Biocatàlisi Aplicada, Escola d'Enginyeria, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Campus de Bellaterra, Cerdanyola del Vallès, Barcelona 08193, Spain
| | - Jesús Lavado-García
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Biosustainability, Technical University of Denmark, Lyngby Kgs 2800, Denmark.
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Paul S, Konig MF, Pardoll DM, Bettegowda C, Papadopoulos N, Wright KM, Gabelli SB, Ho M, van Elsas A, Zhou S. Cancer therapy with antibodies. Nat Rev Cancer 2024; 24:399-426. [PMID: 38740967 PMCID: PMC11180426 DOI: 10.1038/s41568-024-00690-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/29/2024] [Indexed: 05/16/2024]
Abstract
The greatest challenge in cancer therapy is to eradicate cancer cells with minimal damage to normal cells. Targeted therapy has been developed to meet that challenge, showing a substantially increased therapeutic index compared with conventional cancer therapies. Antibodies are important members of the family of targeted therapeutic agents because of their extraordinarily high specificity to the target antigens. Therapeutic antibodies use a range of mechanisms that directly or indirectly kill the cancer cells. Early antibodies were developed to directly antagonize targets on cancer cells. This was followed by advancements in linker technologies that allowed the production of antibody-drug conjugates (ADCs) that guide cytotoxic payloads to the cancer cells. Improvement in our understanding of the biology of T cells led to the production of immune checkpoint-inhibiting antibodies that indirectly kill the cancer cells through activation of the T cells. Even more recently, bispecific antibodies were synthetically designed to redirect the T cells of a patient to kill the cancer cells. In this Review, we summarize the different approaches used by therapeutic antibodies to target cancer cells. We discuss their mechanisms of action, the structural basis for target specificity, clinical applications and the ongoing research to improve efficacy and reduce toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suman Paul
- Department of Oncology, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.
| | - Maximilian F Konig
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Drew M Pardoll
- Department of Oncology, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Chetan Bettegowda
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | | | - Katharine M Wright
- Discovery Chemistry, Merck Research Laboratory, Merck and Co, West Point, PA, USA
| | - Sandra B Gabelli
- Discovery Chemistry, Merck Research Laboratory, Merck and Co, West Point, PA, USA.
| | - Mitchell Ho
- Antibody Engineering Program, Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA.
| | | | - Shibin Zhou
- Department of Oncology, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
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8
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Yang-Jensen KC, Jørgensen SM, Chuang CY, Davies MJ. Modification of extracellular matrix proteins by oxidants and electrophiles. Biochem Soc Trans 2024:BST20230860. [PMID: 38778764 DOI: 10.1042/bst20230860] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2024] [Revised: 04/24/2024] [Accepted: 05/08/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024]
Abstract
The extracellular matrix (ECM) is critical to biological architecture and determines cellular properties, function and activity. In many situations it is highly abundant, with collagens and elastin being some of the most abundant proteins in mammals. The ECM comprises of multiple different protein species and sugar polymers, with both different isoforms and post-translational modifications (PTMs) providing a large variety of microenvironments that play a key role in determining tissue structure and health. A number of the PTMs (e.g. cross-links) present in the ECM are critical to integrity and function, whereas others are deleterious to both ECM structure and associated cells. Modifications induced by reactive oxidants and electrophiles have been reported to accumulate in some ECM with increasing age. This accumulation can be exacerbated by disease, and in particular those associated with acute or chronic inflammation, obesity and diabetes. This is likely to be due to higher fluxes of modifying agents in these conditions. In this focused review, the role and effects of oxidants and other electrophiles on ECM are discussed, with a particular focus on the artery wall and atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease. Modifications generated on ECM components are reviewed, together with the effects of these species on cellular properties including adhesion, proliferation, migration, viability, metabolic activity, gene expression and phenotype. Increasing data indicates that ECM modifications are both prevalent in human and mammalian tissues and play an important role in disease development and progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karen C Yang-Jensen
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Panum Institute, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Sara M Jørgensen
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Panum Institute, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Christine Y Chuang
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Panum Institute, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Michael J Davies
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Panum Institute, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
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Gáspár R, Diószegi P, Nógrádi-Halmi D, Erdélyi-Furka B, Varga Z, Kahán Z, Csont T. The Proteoglycans Biglycan and Decorin Protect Cardiac Cells against Irradiation-Induced Cell Death by Inhibiting Apoptosis. Cells 2024; 13:883. [PMID: 38786104 PMCID: PMC11119486 DOI: 10.3390/cells13100883] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2024] [Revised: 05/05/2024] [Accepted: 05/16/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Radiation-induced heart disease (RIHD), a common side effect of chest irradiation, is a primary cause of mortality among patients surviving thoracic cancer. Thus, the development of novel, clinically applicable cardioprotective agents which can alleviate the harmful effects of irradiation on the heart is of great importance in the field of experimental oncocardiology. Biglycan and decorin are structurally related small leucine-rich proteoglycans which have been reported to exert cardioprotective properties in certain cardiovascular pathologies. Therefore, in the present study we aimed to examine if biglycan or decorin can reduce radiation-induced damage of cardiomyocytes. A single dose of 10 Gray irradiation was applied to induce radiation-induced cell damage in H9c2 cardiomyoblasts, followed by treatment with either biglycan or decorin at various concentrations. Measurement of cell viability revealed that both proteoglycans improved the survival of cardiac cells post-irradiation. The cardiocytoprotective effect of both biglycan and decorin involved the alleviation of radiation-induced proapoptotic mechanisms by retaining the progression of apoptotic membrane blebbing and lowering the number of apoptotic cell nuclei and DNA double-strand breaks. Our findings provide evidence that these natural proteoglycans may exert protection against radiation-induced damage of cardiac cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renáta Gáspár
- Department of Biochemistry, Albert Szent-Györgyi Medical School, University of Szeged, H-6720 Szeged, Hungary; (R.G.); (P.D.); (D.N.-H.); (B.E.-F.)
- Interdisciplinary Centre of Excellence, University of Szeged, H-6720 Szeged, Hungary
| | - Petra Diószegi
- Department of Biochemistry, Albert Szent-Györgyi Medical School, University of Szeged, H-6720 Szeged, Hungary; (R.G.); (P.D.); (D.N.-H.); (B.E.-F.)
- Interdisciplinary Centre of Excellence, University of Szeged, H-6720 Szeged, Hungary
| | - Dóra Nógrádi-Halmi
- Department of Biochemistry, Albert Szent-Györgyi Medical School, University of Szeged, H-6720 Szeged, Hungary; (R.G.); (P.D.); (D.N.-H.); (B.E.-F.)
- Interdisciplinary Centre of Excellence, University of Szeged, H-6720 Szeged, Hungary
| | - Barbara Erdélyi-Furka
- Department of Biochemistry, Albert Szent-Györgyi Medical School, University of Szeged, H-6720 Szeged, Hungary; (R.G.); (P.D.); (D.N.-H.); (B.E.-F.)
- Interdisciplinary Centre of Excellence, University of Szeged, H-6720 Szeged, Hungary
| | - Zoltán Varga
- Department of Oncotherapy, University of Szeged, H-6720 Szeged, Hungary; (Z.V.); (Z.K.)
| | - Zsuzsanna Kahán
- Department of Oncotherapy, University of Szeged, H-6720 Szeged, Hungary; (Z.V.); (Z.K.)
| | - Tamás Csont
- Department of Biochemistry, Albert Szent-Györgyi Medical School, University of Szeged, H-6720 Szeged, Hungary; (R.G.); (P.D.); (D.N.-H.); (B.E.-F.)
- Interdisciplinary Centre of Excellence, University of Szeged, H-6720 Szeged, Hungary
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10
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Burgess JK, Gosens R. Mechanotransduction and the extracellular matrix: Key drivers of lung pathologies and drug responsiveness. Biochem Pharmacol 2024:116255. [PMID: 38705536 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2024.116255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2024] [Revised: 04/19/2024] [Accepted: 05/02/2024] [Indexed: 05/07/2024]
Abstract
The lung is a biomechanically active organ, with multiscale mechanical forces impacting the organ, tissue and cellular responses within this microenvironment. In chronic lung diseases, such as chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, pulmonary fibrosis and others, the structure of the lung is drastically altered impeding gas exchange. These changes are, in part, reflected in alterations in the composition, amount and organization of the extracellular matrix within the different lung compartments. The transmission of mechanical forces within lung tissue are broadcast by this complex mix of extracellular matrix components, in particular the collagens, elastin and proteoglycans and the crosslinking of these components. At both a macro and a micro level, the mechanical properties of the microenvironment have a key regulatory role in ascertaining cellular responses and the function of the lung. Cells adhere to, and receive signals from, the extracellular matrix through a number of different surface receptors and complexes which are important for mechanotransduction. This review summarizes the multiscale mechanics in the lung and how the mechanical environment changes in lung disease and aging. We then examine the role of mechanotransduction in driving cell signaling events in lung diseases and finish with a future perspective of the need to consider how such forces may impact pharmacological responsiveness in lung diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janette K Burgess
- University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Department of Pathology and Medical Biology, Groningen, the Netherlands; University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen Research Institute for Asthma and COPD (GRIAC), Groningen, the Netherlands.
| | - Reinoud Gosens
- University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen Research Institute for Asthma and COPD (GRIAC), Groningen, the Netherlands; Department of Molecular Pharmacology, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
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11
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Li Z, Li L, Cai S, Xu X, Zhang X, Du K, Wei B, Wang X, Zhao X, Han W. The STING-mediated antiviral effect of fucoidan from Durvillaea antarctica. Carbohydr Polym 2024; 331:121899. [PMID: 38388047 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2024.121899] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2023] [Revised: 01/18/2024] [Accepted: 01/30/2024] [Indexed: 02/24/2024]
Abstract
Fucoidans have attracted increasing attention due to their minimal toxicity and various biological activities, such as antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anti-tumor and immunomodulatory effects. In this study, the antiviral effect and mechanism of fucoidan (FU) derived from Durvillaea antarctica were explored in vitro. The results demonstrated that FU effectively inhibited the infection of both RNA virus (VSV) and DNA virus (HSV-1). The potential antiviral mechanism of FU is to trigger the production of type I IFN (IFN-I) and IFN-stimulated genes dependent on the cytoplasmic DNA adaptor STING (stimulator of interferon genes), and to enhance innate immune response via activating the STING-TBK1-IRF3 pathway. FU possesses the potential to be an antiviral and immunomodulatory agent in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhaohe Li
- Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs of Ministry of Education, School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China
| | - Li Li
- School of Pharmacy, Hainan university, Haikou 570228, China
| | - Siqi Cai
- Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs of Ministry of Education, School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China
| | - Xiaohan Xu
- Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs of Ministry of Education, School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China
| | - Xue Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs of Ministry of Education, School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China
| | - Kaixin Du
- Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs of Ministry of Education, School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China
| | - Bo Wei
- Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs of Ministry of Education, School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China
| | - Xin Wang
- Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs of Ministry of Education, School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China; Marine Biomedical Research Institute of Qingdao, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Xia Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs of Ministry of Education, School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China; Marine Biomedical Research Institute of Qingdao, Qingdao 266071, China.
| | - Wenwei Han
- Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs of Ministry of Education, School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China; Qingdao Hospital, University of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences (Qingdao Municipal Hospital), Qingdao 266071, China.
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Cortes-Sandoval S, Seco-Rovira V, Beltrán-Frutos E, Serrano-Sánchez MI, Martínez-Hernández J, Ferrer C, Delgado JL, Insausti CL, Blanquer M, Pastor LM. Heterogeneity of mesenchymal cells in human amniotic membrane at term. Histol Histopathol 2024; 39:573-593. [PMID: 37721417 DOI: 10.14670/hh-18-660] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/19/2023]
Abstract
There is increasing interest in understanding the tissue biology of human amniotic membrane (hAM) given its applications in medicine. One cellular component is mesenchymal cells, which can be extracted, cultured and differentiated "in vitro" into various cell types. These studies show that there is heterogeneity among mesenchymal cells. The aim of this work is to study the membrane in situ to determine whether this cellular heterogeneity exists. The hAMs were obtained from caesarean deliveries at term and analyzed by histological techniques. Types I-III mesenchymal cells and Hofbauer were distinguished by light microscopy. Histochemically, mesenchymal cell types showed successively increasing positivity to: PAS, vimentin, fibronectin, and Concanavalin-A; VGEF, TGF-β2, PDGF-C, FGF-2. By the semiquantitative point of view, the percentage of Type II cells was 60%, significantly higher than the other types. With transmission electron microscopy, an intermediate cell type between II-III was observed. Strong vesiculation of the rough endoplasmic reticulum (RER) with exocytosis was observed. In addition, an accumulation of a similar material to the extracellular matrix in the RER caused its dilation especially in type IIITEM cells. Some of this material acquired a globular structure. These structures were also found free in the extracellular matrix. In conclusion, the mesenchymal cells of the fibroblastic layer of the hAMs studied are heterogeneous, with some undifferentiated and others with a probably senescent fibroblastic phenotype with accumulation in their RER of fibronectin. These results may be of interest to extract mesenchymal cells from hAMs for use in regenerative medicine and to better understand the mechanisms of fetal membrane rupture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Salvador Cortes-Sandoval
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Virgen de la Arrixaca Hospital, IMIB, Murcia, Spain
- Department of Cell Biology and Histology, IMIB, School of Medicine, Regional Campus of International Excellence "Campus Mare Nostrum", University of Murcia, Murcia, Spain
| | - Vicente Seco-Rovira
- Department of Cell Biology and Histology, IMIB, School of Medicine, Regional Campus of International Excellence "Campus Mare Nostrum", University of Murcia, Murcia, Spain
| | - Ester Beltrán-Frutos
- Department of Cell Biology and Histology, IMIB, School of Medicine, Regional Campus of International Excellence "Campus Mare Nostrum", University of Murcia, Murcia, Spain
| | - María I Serrano-Sánchez
- Department of Cell Biology and Histology, IMIB, School of Medicine, Regional Campus of International Excellence "Campus Mare Nostrum", University of Murcia, Murcia, Spain
| | - Jesús Martínez-Hernández
- Department of Cell Biology and Histology, IMIB, School of Medicine, Regional Campus of International Excellence "Campus Mare Nostrum", University of Murcia, Murcia, Spain
| | - Concepción Ferrer
- Department of Cell Biology and Histology, IMIB, School of Medicine, Regional Campus of International Excellence "Campus Mare Nostrum", University of Murcia, Murcia, Spain
| | - Juan L Delgado
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Virgen de la Arrixaca Hospital, IMIB, Murcia, Spain
| | - Carmen L Insausti
- Hematology Service, Virgen de la Arrixaca University Hospital, IMIB, Murcia, Spain
| | - Miguel Blanquer
- Hematology Service, Virgen de la Arrixaca University Hospital, IMIB, Murcia, Spain
| | - Luis M Pastor
- Department of Cell Biology and Histology, IMIB, School of Medicine, Regional Campus of International Excellence "Campus Mare Nostrum", University of Murcia, Murcia, Spain.
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13
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Poynter ME, Mank MM, Ather JL. Obesity-associated inflammatory macrophage polarization is inhibited by capsaicin and phytolignans. Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol 2024; 326:R370-R382. [PMID: 38436058 DOI: 10.1152/ajpregu.00161.2023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2023] [Revised: 02/25/2024] [Accepted: 02/25/2024] [Indexed: 03/05/2024]
Abstract
Obesity is often accompanied by increased adipose tissue inflammation, a process that is partially driven by adipose tissue-resident macrophages. In this study, we explored the potential for plant-derived dietary compounds to exert anti-inflammatory effects in macrophages that alleviate obesity-associated adipocyte dysfunction. Capsaicin (CAP), schisandrin A (SA), enterodiol (END), and enterolactone (ENL) treatment polarized J774 macrophages to an "M2" or anti-inflammatory phenotype and inhibited responses to stimulation with lipopolysaccharide (LPS). Furthermore, these compounds blocked inflammasome activation when administered just before ATP-induced NLRP3 activation, as evidenced by the abrogation of IL-1β release in mouse macrophages and human peripheral blood monocytes. The addition of CAP, SA, or ENL during the differentiation of bone marrow-derived macrophages was also sufficient to inhibit LPS-induced IL-6 and TNFα production. Finally, CAP, END, and ENL treatment during differentiation of 3T3-L1 adipocytes induced an adiponectin-high phenotype accompanied by increases in thermogenic gene expression, and conditioned media from these adipocytes inhibited LPS-induced production of IL-1β, IL-6, and TNFα from J774 macrophages. These polarizing effects were partially mediated by the elevated adiponectin and decreased syndecan-4 in the adipocyte-conditioned media. These results implicate the contribution of plant-derived dietary components to the modulation of macrophages and adipocytes in obesity.NEW & NOTEWORTHY The utility of food-based products to prevent or alleviate chronic conditions such as obesity and its associated comorbidities is an attractive approach. Capsaicin, schisandrin A, enterodiol, and enterolactone, phytochemicals present in traditional medicinal food, decreased proinflammatory cytokine production from macrophages that, in turn, reduced obesity-associated adipocyte dysfunction. These results implicate the contribution of plant-derived dietary components to the modulation of macrophages and adipocytes in obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew E Poynter
- Department of Medicine, The University of Vermont, Burlington, Vermont, United States
- The Vermont Lung Center, The University of Vermont, Burlington, Vermont, United States
| | - Madeleine M Mank
- Department of Medicine, The University of Vermont, Burlington, Vermont, United States
- The Vermont Lung Center, The University of Vermont, Burlington, Vermont, United States
| | - Jennifer L Ather
- Department of Medicine, The University of Vermont, Burlington, Vermont, United States
- The Vermont Lung Center, The University of Vermont, Burlington, Vermont, United States
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14
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Wu J, Feng S, Luo Y, Ning Y, Qiu P, Lin Y, Ma F, Zhuo Y. Transcriptomic profile of premature ovarian insufficiency with RNA-sequencing. Front Cell Dev Biol 2024; 12:1370772. [PMID: 38655066 PMCID: PMC11035783 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2024.1370772] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2024] [Accepted: 03/27/2024] [Indexed: 04/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction This study aimed to explore the transcriptomic profile of premature ovarian insufficiency (POI) by investigating alterations in gene expression. Methods A total of sixty-one women, comprising 31 individuals with POI in the POI group and 30 healthy women in the control group (HC group), aged between 24 and 40 years, were recruited for this study. The transcriptomic profiles of peripheral blood samples from all study subjects were analyzed using RNA-sequencing. Results The results revealed 39 differentially expressed genes in individuals with POI compared to healthy controls, with 10 upregulated and 29 downregulated genes. Correlation analysis highlighted the relationship between the expression of SLC25A39, CNIH3, and PDZK1IP1 and hormone levels. Additionally, an effective classification model was developed using SLC25A39, CNIH3, PDZK1IP1, SHISA4, and LOC389834. Functional enrichment analysis demonstrated the involvement of these differentially expressed genes in the "haptoglobin-hemoglobin complex," while KEGG pathway analysis indicated their participation in the "Proteoglycans in cancer" pathway. Conclusion The identified genes could play a crucial role in characterizing the genetic foundation of POI, potentially serving as valuable biomarkers for enhancing disease classification accuracy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaman Wu
- Department of Chinese Medicine, Shenzhen Maternity and Child Healthcare Hospital, Shenzhen, China
- Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shiyu Feng
- Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yan Luo
- Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yan Ning
- Department of Chinese Medicine, Shenzhen Maternity and Child Healthcare Hospital, Shenzhen, China
- Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Pingping Qiu
- Department of Chinese Medicine, Shenzhen Maternity and Child Healthcare Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Yanting Lin
- Department of Chinese Medicine, Shenzhen Maternity and Child Healthcare Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Fei Ma
- Department of Chinese Medicine, Shenzhen Maternity and Child Healthcare Hospital, Shenzhen, China
- Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yuanyuan Zhuo
- Department of Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Shenzhen Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, Shenzhen, China
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15
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Fijardo M, Kwan JYY, Bissey PA, Citrin DE, Yip KW, Liu FF. The clinical manifestations and molecular pathogenesis of radiation fibrosis. EBioMedicine 2024; 103:105089. [PMID: 38579363 PMCID: PMC11002813 DOI: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2024.105089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2024] [Revised: 02/25/2024] [Accepted: 03/12/2024] [Indexed: 04/07/2024] Open
Abstract
Advances in radiation techniques have enabled the precise delivery of higher doses of radiotherapy to tumours, while sparing surrounding healthy tissues. Consequently, the incidence of radiation toxicities has declined, and will likely continue to improve as radiotherapy further evolves. Nonetheless, ionizing radiation elicits tissue-specific toxicities that gradually develop into radiation-induced fibrosis, a common long-term side-effect of radiotherapy. Radiation fibrosis is characterized by an aberrant wound repair process, which promotes the deposition of extensive scar tissue, clinically manifesting as a loss of elasticity, tissue thickening, and organ-specific functional consequences. In addition to improving the existing technologies and guidelines directing the administration of radiotherapy, understanding the pathogenesis underlying radiation fibrosis is essential for the success of cancer treatments. This review integrates the principles for radiotherapy dosimetry to minimize off-target effects, the tissue-specific clinical manifestations, the key cellular and molecular drivers of radiation fibrosis, and emerging therapeutic opportunities for both prevention and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mackenzie Fijardo
- Research Institute, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Department of Cell and Systems Biology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Jennifer Yin Yee Kwan
- Research Institute, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Radiation Medicine Program, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | | | - Deborah E Citrin
- Radiation Oncology Branch, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, United States of America
| | - Kenneth W Yip
- Research Institute, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Department of Cell and Systems Biology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Fei-Fei Liu
- Research Institute, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Radiation Medicine Program, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
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16
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Chen J, Sun T, Lin B, Wu B, Wu J. The Essential Role of Proteoglycans and Glycosaminoglycans in Odontogenesis. J Dent Res 2024; 103:345-358. [PMID: 38407002 DOI: 10.1177/00220345231224228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Tooth development and regeneration are regulated through a complex signaling network. Previous studies have focused on the exploration of intracellular signaling regulatory networks, but the regulatory roles of extracellular networks have only been revealed recently. Proteoglycans, which are essential components of the extracellular matrix (ECM) and pivotal signaling molecules, are extensively involved in the process of odontogenesis. Proteoglycans are composed of core proteins and covalently attached glycosaminoglycan chains (GAGs). The core proteins exhibit spatiotemporal expression patterns during odontogenesis and are pivotal for dental tissue formation and periodontium development. Knockout of core protein genes Biglycan, Decorin, Perlecan, and Fibromodulin has been shown to result in structural defects in enamel and dentin mineralization. They are also closely involved in the development and homeostasis of periodontium by regulating signaling transduction. As the functional component of proteoglycans, GAGs are negatively charged unbranched polysaccharides that consist of repeating disaccharides with various sulfation groups; they provide binding sites for cytokines and growth factors in regulating various cellular processes. In mice, GAG deficiency in dental epithelium leads to the reinitiation of tooth germ development and the formation of supernumerary incisors. Furthermore, GAGs are critical for the differentiation of dental stem cells. Inhibition of GAGs assembly hinders the differentiation of ameloblasts and odontoblasts. In summary, core proteins and GAGs are expressed distinctly and exert different functions at various stages of odontogenesis. Given their unique contributions in odontogenesis, this review summarizes the roles of proteoglycans and GAGs throughout the process of odontogenesis to provide a comprehensive understanding of tooth development.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Chen
- Department of Stomatology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
- School of Stomatology, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - T Sun
- Department of Periodontology, Stomatological Hospital, School of Stomatology, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - B Lin
- Department of Stomatology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
- School of Stomatology, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - B Wu
- Department of Stomatology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
- School of Stomatology, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
- Southern Medical University-Shenzhen Stomatology Hospital (Pingshan), ShenZhen, China
| | - J Wu
- Center of Oral Implantology, Stomatological Hospital, School of Stomatology, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
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17
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Scodellaro C, Pina RR, Ferreira FC, Sanjuan-Alberte P, Fernandes TG. Unlocking the Potential of Stem Cell Microenvironments In Vitro. Bioengineering (Basel) 2024; 11:289. [PMID: 38534563 DOI: 10.3390/bioengineering11030289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2024] [Revised: 03/07/2024] [Accepted: 03/16/2024] [Indexed: 03/28/2024] Open
Abstract
The field of regenerative medicine has recently witnessed groundbreaking advancements that hold immense promise for treating a wide range of diseases and injuries. At the forefront of this revolutionary progress are stem cells. Stem cells typically reside in specialized environments in vivo, known as microenvironments or niches, which play critical roles in regulating stem cell behavior and determining their fate. Therefore, understanding the complex microenvironments that surround stem cells is crucial for advancing treatment options in regenerative medicine and tissue engineering applications. Several research articles have made significant contributions to this field by exploring the interactions between stem cells and their surrounding niches, investigating the influence of biomechanical and biochemical cues, and developing innovative strategies for tissue regeneration. This review highlights the key findings and contributions of these studies, shedding light on the diverse applications that may arise from the understanding of stem cell microenvironments, thus harnessing the power of these microenvironments to transform the landscape of medicine and offer new avenues for regenerative therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiara Scodellaro
- Department of Bioengineering and Institute for Bioengineering and Biosciences, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Rovisco Pais, 1049-001 Lisbon, Portugal
- Associate Laboratory i4HB-Institute for Health and Bioeconomy, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Rovisco Pais, 1049-001 Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Raquel R Pina
- Department of Bioengineering and Institute for Bioengineering and Biosciences, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Rovisco Pais, 1049-001 Lisbon, Portugal
- Associate Laboratory i4HB-Institute for Health and Bioeconomy, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Rovisco Pais, 1049-001 Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Frederico Castelo Ferreira
- Department of Bioengineering and Institute for Bioengineering and Biosciences, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Rovisco Pais, 1049-001 Lisbon, Portugal
- Associate Laboratory i4HB-Institute for Health and Bioeconomy, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Rovisco Pais, 1049-001 Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Paola Sanjuan-Alberte
- Department of Bioengineering and Institute for Bioengineering and Biosciences, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Rovisco Pais, 1049-001 Lisbon, Portugal
- Associate Laboratory i4HB-Institute for Health and Bioeconomy, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Rovisco Pais, 1049-001 Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Tiago G Fernandes
- Department of Bioengineering and Institute for Bioengineering and Biosciences, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Rovisco Pais, 1049-001 Lisbon, Portugal
- Associate Laboratory i4HB-Institute for Health and Bioeconomy, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Rovisco Pais, 1049-001 Lisbon, Portugal
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18
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Ricard-Blum S, Vivès RR, Schaefer L, Götte M, Merline R, Passi A, Heldin P, Magalhães A, Reis CA, Skandalis SS, Karamanos NK, Perez S, Nikitovic D. A biological guide to glycosaminoglycans: current perspectives and pending questions. FEBS J 2024. [PMID: 38500384 DOI: 10.1111/febs.17107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2023] [Revised: 01/08/2024] [Accepted: 02/20/2024] [Indexed: 03/20/2024]
Abstract
Mammalian glycosaminoglycans (GAGs), except hyaluronan (HA), are sulfated polysaccharides that are covalently attached to core proteins to form proteoglycans (PGs). This article summarizes key biological findings for the most widespread GAGs, namely HA, chondroitin sulfate/dermatan sulfate (CS/DS), keratan sulfate (KS), and heparan sulfate (HS). It focuses on the major processes that remain to be deciphered to get a comprehensive view of the mechanisms mediating GAG biological functions. They include the regulation of GAG biosynthesis and postsynthetic modifications in heparin (HP) and HS, the composition, heterogeneity, and function of the tetrasaccharide linkage region and its role in disease, the functional characterization of the new PGs recently identified by glycoproteomics, the selectivity of interactions mediated by GAG chains, the display of GAG chains and PGs at the cell surface and their impact on the availability and activity of soluble ligands, and on their move through the glycocalyx layer to reach their receptors, the human GAG profile in health and disease, the roles of GAGs and particular PGs (syndecans, decorin, and biglycan) involved in cancer, inflammation, and fibrosis, the possible use of GAGs and PGs as disease biomarkers, and the design of inhibitors targeting GAG biosynthetic enzymes and GAG-protein interactions to develop novel therapeutic approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sylvie Ricard-Blum
- Univ Lyon 1, ICBMS, UMR 5246 University Lyon 1 - CNRS, Villeurbanne cedex, France
| | | | - Liliana Schaefer
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Goethe University, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Martin Götte
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Münster University Hospital, Germany
| | - Rosetta Merline
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Goethe University, Frankfurt, Germany
| | | | - Paraskevi Heldin
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Microbiology, Uppsala University, Sweden
| | - Ana Magalhães
- Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, Portugal
- ICBAS - Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas Abel Salazar, Universidade do Porto, Portugal
| | - Celso A Reis
- Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, Portugal
- ICBAS - Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas Abel Salazar, Universidade do Porto, Portugal
| | - Spyros S Skandalis
- Biochemistry, Biochemical Analysis & Matrix Pathobiology Res. Group, Laboratory of Biochemistry, Department of Chemistry, University of Patras, Greece
| | - Nikos K Karamanos
- Biochemistry, Biochemical Analysis & Matrix Pathobiology Res. Group, Laboratory of Biochemistry, Department of Chemistry, University of Patras, Greece
| | - Serge Perez
- Centre de Recherche sur les Macromolécules Végétales, University of Grenoble-Alpes, CNRS, France
| | - Dragana Nikitovic
- Laboratory of Histology-Embryology, School of Medicine, University of Crete, Heraklion, Greece
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Chatham JC, Patel RP. Protein glycosylation in cardiovascular health and disease. Nat Rev Cardiol 2024:10.1038/s41569-024-00998-z. [PMID: 38499867 DOI: 10.1038/s41569-024-00998-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/13/2024] [Indexed: 03/20/2024]
Abstract
Protein glycosylation, which involves the attachment of carbohydrates to proteins, is one of the most abundant protein co-translational and post-translational modifications. Advances in technology have substantially increased our knowledge of the biosynthetic pathways involved in protein glycosylation, as well as how changes in glycosylation can affect cell function. In addition, our understanding of the role of protein glycosylation in disease processes is growing, particularly in the context of immune system function, infectious diseases, neurodegeneration and cancer. Several decades ago, cell surface glycoproteins were found to have an important role in regulating ion transport across the cardiac sarcolemma. However, with very few exceptions, our understanding of how changes in protein glycosylation influence cardiovascular (patho)physiology remains remarkably limited. Therefore, in this Review, we aim to provide an overview of N-linked and O-linked protein glycosylation, including intracellular O-linked N-acetylglucosamine protein modification. We discuss our current understanding of how all forms of protein glycosylation contribute to normal cardiovascular function and their roles in cardiovascular disease. Finally, we highlight potential gaps in our knowledge about the effects of protein glycosylation on the heart and vascular system, highlighting areas for future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- John C Chatham
- Division of Molecular and Cellular Pathology, Department of Pathology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA.
| | - Rakesh P Patel
- Division of Molecular and Cellular Pathology, Department of Pathology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
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20
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Scarcella M, Scerra G, Ciampa M, Caterino M, Costanzo M, Rinaldi L, Feliciello A, Anzilotti S, Fiorentino C, Renna M, Ruoppolo M, Pavone LM, D’Agostino M, De Pasquale V. Metabolic rewiring and autophagy inhibition correct lysosomal storage disease in mucopolysaccharidosis IIIB. iScience 2024; 27:108959. [PMID: 38361619 PMCID: PMC10864807 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2024.108959] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2023] [Revised: 11/28/2023] [Accepted: 01/15/2024] [Indexed: 02/17/2024] Open
Abstract
Mucopolysaccharidoses (MPSs) are lysosomal disorders with neurological involvement for which no cure exists. Here, we show that recombinant NK1 fragment of hepatocyte growth factor rescues substrate accumulation and lysosomal defects in MPS I, IIIA and IIIB patient fibroblasts. We investigated PI3K/Akt pathway, which is of crucial importance for neuronal function and survival, and demonstrate that PI3K inhibition abolishes NK1 therapeutic effects. We identified that autophagy inhibition, by Beclin1 silencing, reduces MPS IIIB phenotype and that NK1 downregulates autophagic-lysosome (ALP) gene expression, suggesting a possible contribution of autophagosome biogenesis in MPS. Indeed, metabolomic analyses revealed defects of mitochondrial activity accompanied by anaerobic metabolism and inhibition of AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK), which acts on metabolism and autophagy, rescues lysosomal defects. These results provide insights into the molecular mechanisms of MPS IIIB physiopathology, supporting the development of new promising approaches based on autophagy inhibition and metabolic rewiring to correct lysosomal pathology in MPSs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melania Scarcella
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnology, University of Naples Federico II, Via S. Pansini 5, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Gianluca Scerra
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnology, University of Naples Federico II, Via S. Pansini 5, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Mariangela Ciampa
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnology, University of Naples Federico II, Via S. Pansini 5, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Marianna Caterino
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnology, University of Naples Federico II, Via S. Pansini 5, 80131 Naples, Italy
- CEINGE Biotecnologie Avanzate Franco Salvatore, Via G. Salvatore 486, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Michele Costanzo
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnology, University of Naples Federico II, Via S. Pansini 5, 80131 Naples, Italy
- CEINGE Biotecnologie Avanzate Franco Salvatore, Via G. Salvatore 486, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Laura Rinaldi
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnology, University of Naples Federico II, Via S. Pansini 5, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Antonio Feliciello
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnology, University of Naples Federico II, Via S. Pansini 5, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Serenella Anzilotti
- Department of Science and Technology, University of Sannio, Via F. de Sanctis, 82100 Benevento, Italy
| | - Chiara Fiorentino
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnology, University of Naples Federico II, Via S. Pansini 5, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Maurizio Renna
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnology, University of Naples Federico II, Via S. Pansini 5, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Margherita Ruoppolo
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnology, University of Naples Federico II, Via S. Pansini 5, 80131 Naples, Italy
- CEINGE Biotecnologie Avanzate Franco Salvatore, Via G. Salvatore 486, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Luigi Michele Pavone
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnology, University of Naples Federico II, Via S. Pansini 5, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Massimo D’Agostino
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnology, University of Naples Federico II, Via S. Pansini 5, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Valeria De Pasquale
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Productions, University of Naples Federico II, Via F. Delpino 1, 80137 Naples, Italy
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21
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Le Pennec J, Picart C, Vivès RR, Migliorini E. Sweet but Challenging: Tackling the Complexity of GAGs with Engineered Tailor-Made Biomaterials. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2024; 36:e2312154. [PMID: 38011916 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202312154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2023] [Indexed: 11/29/2023]
Abstract
Glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) play a crucial role in tissue homeostasis by regulating the activity and diffusion of bioactive molecules. Incorporating GAGs into biomaterials has emerged as a widely adopted strategy in medical applications, owing to their biocompatibility and ability to control the release of bioactive molecules. Nevertheless, immobilized GAGs on biomaterials can elicit distinct cellular responses compared to their soluble forms, underscoring the need to understand the interactions between GAG and bioactive molecules within engineered functional biomaterials. By controlling critical parameters such as GAG type, density, and sulfation, it becomes possible to precisely delineate GAG functions within a biomaterial context and to better mimic specific tissue properties, enabling tailored design of GAG-based biomaterials for specific medical applications. However, this requires access to pure and well-characterized GAG compounds, which remains challenging. This review focuses on different strategies for producing well-defined GAGs and explores high-throughput approaches employed to investigate GAG-growth factor interactions and to quantify cellular responses on GAG-based biomaterials. These automated methods hold considerable promise for improving the understanding of the diverse functions of GAGs. In perspective, the scientific community is encouraged to adopt a rational approach in designing GAG-based biomaterials, taking into account the in vivo properties of the targeted tissue for medical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jean Le Pennec
- U1292 Biosanté, INSERM, CEA, Univ. Grenoble Alpes, CNRS EMR 5000 Biomimetism and Regenerative Medicine, Grenoble, F-38054, France
| | - Catherine Picart
- U1292 Biosanté, INSERM, CEA, Univ. Grenoble Alpes, CNRS EMR 5000 Biomimetism and Regenerative Medicine, Grenoble, F-38054, France
| | | | - Elisa Migliorini
- U1292 Biosanté, INSERM, CEA, Univ. Grenoble Alpes, CNRS EMR 5000 Biomimetism and Regenerative Medicine, Grenoble, F-38054, France
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22
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Yurube T. Proteoglycan Dysfunction as a Key Hallmark of Intervertebral Disc Degeneration: Commentary on "Proteoglycan Dysfunction: A Common Link Between Intervertebral Disc Degeneration and Skeletal Dysplasia". Neurospine 2024; 21:179-181. [PMID: 38569643 PMCID: PMC10992636 DOI: 10.14245/ns.2448266.133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/05/2024] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Takashi Yurube
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, Japan
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23
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Beach ZM, Nuss CA, Weiss SN, Soslowsky LJ. Neonatal Achilles Tendon Microstructure is Negatively Impacted by Decorin and Biglycan Knockdown After Injury and During Development. Ann Biomed Eng 2024; 52:657-670. [PMID: 38079083 DOI: 10.1007/s10439-023-03414-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2023] [Accepted: 11/22/2023] [Indexed: 02/13/2024]
Abstract
Interest in studying neonatal development and the improved healing response observed in neonates is increasing, with the goal of using this work to create better therapeutics for tendon injury. Decorin and biglycan are two small leucine-rich proteoglycans that play important roles in collagen fibrillogenesis to develop, maintain, and repair tendon structure. However, little is known about the roles of decorin and biglycan in early neonatal development and healing. The goal of this study was to determine the effects of decorin and biglycan knockdown on Achilles tendon structure and mechanics during neonatal development and recovery of these properties after injury of the neonatal tendon. We hypothesized that knockdown of decorin and biglycan would disrupt the neonatal tendon developmental process and produce tendons with impaired mechanical and structural properties. We found that knockdown of decorin and biglycan in an inducible, compound decorin/biglycan knockdown model, both during development and after injury, in neonatal mice produced tendons with reduced mechanical properties. Additionally, the collagen fibril microstructure resembled an immature tendon with a large population of small diameter fibrils and an absence of larger diameter fibrils. Overall, this study demonstrates the importance of decorin and biglycan in facilitating tendon growth and maturation during neonatal development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zakary M Beach
- McKay Orthopaedic Research Laboratory, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Courtney A Nuss
- McKay Orthopaedic Research Laboratory, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Stephanie N Weiss
- McKay Orthopaedic Research Laboratory, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Louis J Soslowsky
- McKay Orthopaedic Research Laboratory, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
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24
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Kleine A, Kühle M, Kuhn J, Ly TD, Schmidt V, Faust-Hinse I, Knabbe C, Fischer B. A novel SPE-UPLC-MS/MS-based assay for the selective, simultaneous quantification of xylosyltransferase-I and -II activity. Biochimie 2024; 218:127-136. [PMID: 37689257 DOI: 10.1016/j.biochi.2023.09.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2023] [Revised: 09/04/2023] [Accepted: 09/05/2023] [Indexed: 09/11/2023]
Abstract
Xylosyltransferase-I and -II (XT-I, -II) possess a central role during the glycosylation of proteoglycans (PGs). They catalyze the formation of an O-glycosidic bond between the xylosyl residue of uridinediphosphate-xylose and the core protein of a PG. Thereafter, three following glycosyltransferases lead to the generation of a tetrasaccharide linker, which connects the PG core protein to the respective glycosaminoglycan. The selective quantification of XT-I and XT-II activity is of biological and clinical interest due to their association with fibrotic processes and skeletal dysplasia. There is no assay available to date that simultaneously determines the activity of the two XT isoforms. Although an XT-I selective UPLC MS/MS-based assay was published by Fischer et al., in 2021, the determination of XT-II activity can only be performed simultaneously by the improved assay presented here. To establish the assay, two synthetic peptides, selectively xylosylated by the respective isoform, were identified and the associated measurement parameters for the mass spectrometer were optimized. In addition, the quantitative range of the xylosylated peptides were validated, and the incubation time of the enzyme reaction was optimized for cell culture samples and human sera. The specific enzyme kinetics (KM and Vmax) of the respective XT isoform for the two peptides were also determined. Subsequently, a mathematical model was developed, allowing the simultaneous determination of XT-I and XT-II activity from the chromatographic results. Summarized, a mass spectrometric method suitable for the simultaneous analysis of XT-I and XT-II activity in cell culture lysates, supernatants and human sera was successfully developed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anika Kleine
- Institut für Laboratoriums- und Transfusionsmedizin, Herz- und Diabeteszentrum Nordrhein-Westfalen, Universitätsklinik der Ruhr-Universität Bochum, Georgstraße 11, 32545, Bad Oeynhausen, Germany.
| | - Matthias Kühle
- Institut für Laboratoriums- und Transfusionsmedizin, Herz- und Diabeteszentrum Nordrhein-Westfalen, Universitätsklinik der Ruhr-Universität Bochum, Georgstraße 11, 32545, Bad Oeynhausen, Germany
| | - Joachim Kuhn
- Institut für Laboratoriums- und Transfusionsmedizin, Herz- und Diabeteszentrum Nordrhein-Westfalen, Universitätsklinik der Ruhr-Universität Bochum, Georgstraße 11, 32545, Bad Oeynhausen, Germany
| | - Thanh-Diep Ly
- Institut für Laboratoriums- und Transfusionsmedizin, Herz- und Diabeteszentrum Nordrhein-Westfalen, Universitätsklinik der Ruhr-Universität Bochum, Georgstraße 11, 32545, Bad Oeynhausen, Germany
| | - Vanessa Schmidt
- Institut für Laboratoriums- und Transfusionsmedizin, Herz- und Diabeteszentrum Nordrhein-Westfalen, Universitätsklinik der Ruhr-Universität Bochum, Georgstraße 11, 32545, Bad Oeynhausen, Germany
| | - Isabel Faust-Hinse
- Institut für Laboratoriums- und Transfusionsmedizin, Herz- und Diabeteszentrum Nordrhein-Westfalen, Universitätsklinik der Ruhr-Universität Bochum, Georgstraße 11, 32545, Bad Oeynhausen, Germany
| | - Cornelius Knabbe
- Institut für Laboratoriums- und Transfusionsmedizin, Herz- und Diabeteszentrum Nordrhein-Westfalen, Universitätsklinik der Ruhr-Universität Bochum, Georgstraße 11, 32545, Bad Oeynhausen, Germany
| | - Bastian Fischer
- Institut für Laboratoriums- und Transfusionsmedizin, Herz- und Diabeteszentrum Nordrhein-Westfalen, Universitätsklinik der Ruhr-Universität Bochum, Georgstraße 11, 32545, Bad Oeynhausen, Germany
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25
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Sao K, Risbud MV. Proteoglycan Dysfunction: A Common Link Between Intervertebral Disc Degeneration and Skeletal Dysplasia. Neurospine 2024; 21:162-178. [PMID: 38569642 PMCID: PMC10992626 DOI: 10.14245/ns.2347342.671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2023] [Revised: 02/04/2024] [Accepted: 02/23/2024] [Indexed: 04/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Proteoglycans through their sulfated glycosaminoglycans regulate cell-matrix signaling during tissue development, regeneration, and degeneration processes. Large extracellular proteoglycans such as aggrecan, versican, and perlecan are especially important for the structural integrity of the intervertebral disc and cartilage during development. In these tissues, proteoglycans are responsible for hydration, joint flexibility, and the absorption of mechanical loads. Loss or reduction of these molecules can lead to disc degeneration and skeletal dysplasia, evident from loss of disc height or defects in skeletal development respectively. In this review, we discuss the common proteoglycans found in the disc and cartilage and elaborate on various murine models and skeletal dysplasias in humans to highlight how their absence and/or aberrant expression causes accelerated disc degeneration and developmental defects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kimheak Sao
- Graduate Program in Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Jefferson College of Life Sciences, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Sidney Kimmel Medical College, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Makarand V. Risbud
- Graduate Program in Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Jefferson College of Life Sciences, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Sidney Kimmel Medical College, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
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26
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Smith MM, Melrose J. Lumican, a Multifunctional Cell Instructive Biomarker Proteoglycan Has Novel Roles as a Marker of the Hypercoagulative State of Long Covid Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:2825. [PMID: 38474072 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25052825] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2024] [Revised: 02/15/2024] [Accepted: 02/18/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024] Open
Abstract
This study has reviewed the many roles of lumican as a biomarker of tissue pathology in health and disease. Lumican is a structure regulatory proteoglycan of collagen-rich tissues, with cell instructive properties through interactions with a number of cell surface receptors in tissue repair, thereby regulating cell proliferation, differentiation, inflammation and the innate and humoral immune systems to combat infection. The exponential increase in publications in the last decade dealing with lumican testify to its role as a pleiotropic biomarker regulatory protein. Recent findings show lumican has novel roles as a biomarker of the hypercoagulative state that occurs in SARS CoV-2 infections; thus, it may also prove useful in the delineation of the complex tissue changes that characterize COVID-19 disease. Lumican may be useful as a prognostic and diagnostic biomarker of long COVID disease and its sequelae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Margaret M Smith
- Raymond Purves Laboratory, Institute of Bone and Joint Research, Kolling Institute of Medical Research, Faculty of Health and Science, University of Sydney, Royal North Shore Hospital, St. Leonards, NSW 2065, Australia
- Arthropharm Pty Ltd., Bondi Junction, NSW 2022, Australia
| | - James Melrose
- Raymond Purves Laboratory, Institute of Bone and Joint Research, Kolling Institute of Medical Research, Faculty of Health and Science, University of Sydney, Royal North Shore Hospital, St. Leonards, NSW 2065, Australia
- Graduate School of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
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27
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Núñez-Carpintero I, Rigau M, Bosio M, O'Connor E, Spendiff S, Azuma Y, Topf A, Thompson R, 't Hoen PAC, Chamova T, Tournev I, Guergueltcheva V, Laurie S, Beltran S, Capella-Gutiérrez S, Cirillo D, Lochmüller H, Valencia A. Rare disease research workflow using multilayer networks elucidates the molecular determinants of severity in Congenital Myasthenic Syndromes. Nat Commun 2024; 15:1227. [PMID: 38418480 PMCID: PMC10902324 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-45099-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2022] [Accepted: 01/15/2024] [Indexed: 03/01/2024] Open
Abstract
Exploring the molecular basis of disease severity in rare disease scenarios is a challenging task provided the limitations on data availability. Causative genes have been described for Congenital Myasthenic Syndromes (CMS), a group of diverse minority neuromuscular junction (NMJ) disorders; yet a molecular explanation for the phenotypic severity differences remains unclear. Here, we present a workflow to explore the functional relationships between CMS causal genes and altered genes from each patient, based on multilayer network community detection analysis of complementary biomedical information provided by relevant data sources, namely protein-protein interactions, pathways and metabolomics. Our results show that CMS severity can be ascribed to the personalized impairment of extracellular matrix components and postsynaptic modulators of acetylcholine receptor (AChR) clustering. This work showcases how coupling multilayer network analysis with personalized -omics information provides molecular explanations to the varying severity of rare diseases; paving the way for sorting out similar cases in other rare diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iker Núñez-Carpintero
- Barcelona Supercomputing Center (BSC), Plaça Eusebi Güell, 1-3, 08034, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Maria Rigau
- Barcelona Supercomputing Center (BSC), Plaça Eusebi Güell, 1-3, 08034, Barcelona, Spain
- MRC London Institute of Medical Sciences, Du Cane Road, London, W12 0NN, UK
- Institute of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Hospital Campus, Du Cane Road, London, W12 0NN, UK
| | - Mattia Bosio
- Barcelona Supercomputing Center (BSC), Plaça Eusebi Güell, 1-3, 08034, Barcelona, Spain
- Coordination Unit Spanish National Bioinformatics Institute (INB/ELIXIR-ES), Barcelona Supercomputing Center, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Emily O'Connor
- Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario Research Institute, Ottawa, ON, Canada
- Brain and Mind Research Institute, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Sally Spendiff
- Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario Research Institute, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Yoshiteru Azuma
- Department of Human Genetics, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama, Japan
- Department of Pediatrics, Aichi Medical University, Nagakute, Japan
| | - Ana Topf
- John Walton Muscular Dystrophy Research Centre, Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
- Newcastle Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
| | - Rachel Thompson
- Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario Research Institute, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Peter A C 't Hoen
- Center for Molecular and Biomolecular Informatics, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud university medical center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Teodora Chamova
- Department of Neurology, Expert Centre for Hereditary Neurologic and Metabolic Disorders, Alexandrovska University Hospital, Medical University-Sofia, Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Ivailo Tournev
- Department of Neurology, Expert Centre for Hereditary Neurologic and Metabolic Disorders, Alexandrovska University Hospital, Medical University-Sofia, Sofia, Bulgaria
- Department of Cognitive Science and Psychology, New Bulgarian University, Sofia, 1618, Bulgaria
| | - Velina Guergueltcheva
- Clinic of Neurology, University Hospital Sofiamed, Sofia University St. Kliment Ohridski, Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Steven Laurie
- Centro Nacional de Análisis Genómico (CNAG-CRG), Center for Genomic Regulation, Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (BIST), Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Sergi Beltran
- Centro Nacional de Análisis Genómico (CNAG-CRG), Center for Genomic Regulation, Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (BIST), Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
- Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), Barcelona, Spain
- Departament de Genètica, Microbiologia i Estadística, Facultat de Biologia, Universitat de Barcelona (UB), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Salvador Capella-Gutiérrez
- Barcelona Supercomputing Center (BSC), Plaça Eusebi Güell, 1-3, 08034, Barcelona, Spain
- Coordination Unit Spanish National Bioinformatics Institute (INB/ELIXIR-ES), Barcelona Supercomputing Center, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Davide Cirillo
- Barcelona Supercomputing Center (BSC), Plaça Eusebi Güell, 1-3, 08034, Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Hanns Lochmüller
- Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario Research Institute, Ottawa, ON, Canada
- Brain and Mind Research Institute, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
- Centro Nacional de Análisis Genómico (CNAG-CRG), Center for Genomic Regulation, Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (BIST), Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
- Division of Neurology, Department of Medicine, The Ottawa Hospital, Ottawa, ON, Canada
- Department of Neuropediatrics and Muscle Disorders, Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Alfonso Valencia
- Barcelona Supercomputing Center (BSC), Plaça Eusebi Güell, 1-3, 08034, Barcelona, Spain
- Coordination Unit Spanish National Bioinformatics Institute (INB/ELIXIR-ES), Barcelona Supercomputing Center, Barcelona, Spain
- ICREA, Pg. Lluís Companys 23, 08010, Barcelona, Spain
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28
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Han M, Zhu H, Chen X, Luo X. 6-O-endosulfatases in tumor metastasis: heparan sulfate proteoglycans modification and potential therapeutic targets. Am J Cancer Res 2024; 14:897-916. [PMID: 38455409 PMCID: PMC10915330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2023] [Accepted: 02/22/2024] [Indexed: 03/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Metastasis is the leading cause of cancer-associated mortality. Although advances in the targeted treatment and immunotherapy have improved the management of some cancers, the prognosis of metastatic cancers remains unsatisfied. Therefore, the specific mechanisms in tumor metastasis need further investigation. 6-O-endosulfatases (SULFs), comprising sulfatase1 (SULF1) and sulfatase 2 (SULF2), play pivotal roles in the post-synthetic modifications of heparan sulfate proteoglycans (HSPGs). Consequently, these extracellular enzymes can regulate a variety of downstream pathways by modulating HSPGs function. During the past decades, researchers have detected the expression of SULF1 and SULF2 in most cancers and revealed their roles in tumor progression and metastasis. Herein we reviewed the metastasis steps which SULFs participated in, elucidated the specific roles and mechanisms of SULFs in metastasis process, and discussed the effects of SULFs in different types of cancers. Moreover, we summarized the role of targeting SULFs in combination therapy to treat metastatic cancers, which provided some novel strategies for cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengzhen Han
- Hepatic Surgery Center, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhan 430030, Hubei, China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Hepato-Pancreato-Biliary DiseasesWuhan 430030, Hubei, China
| | - He Zhu
- Hepatic Surgery Center, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhan 430030, Hubei, China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Hepato-Pancreato-Biliary DiseasesWuhan 430030, Hubei, China
| | - Xiaoping Chen
- Hepatic Surgery Center, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhan 430030, Hubei, China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Hepato-Pancreato-Biliary DiseasesWuhan 430030, Hubei, China
| | - Xin Luo
- Hepatic Surgery Center, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhan 430030, Hubei, China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Hepato-Pancreato-Biliary DiseasesWuhan 430030, Hubei, China
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29
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Lam S, Lee CH, Fong CHY, Wong Y, Shiu SWM, Mak LY, Yuen MF, Lam KSL, Tan KCB. Serum Tsukushi Level Is Associated With the Severity of Liver Fibrosis Independent of Type 2 Diabetes. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2024; 109:e1048-e1054. [PMID: 37933700 DOI: 10.1210/clinem/dgad650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2023] [Revised: 10/19/2023] [Accepted: 10/31/2023] [Indexed: 11/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Tsukushi (TSK) is a recently identified hepatokine, and we aimed to investigate the association between systemic TSK and the severity of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) in subjects with and without type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM). METHODS Three hundred ninety-three DM and 289 without DM individuals were recruited for transient elastography assessment to determine liver steatosis and fibrosis. Serum TSK was measured by ELISA. The presence of NAFLD was defined as controlled attenuation parameter ≥ 248 dB/m. RESULTS NAFLD was present in 276 (70.2%) and 129 (44.6%) subjects with and without DM respectively, and they had higher serum TSK levels than those without NAFLD [DM group: 91.0 ng/mL (61.7-133.8) vs 82.5 (60.9-118.5), P < .01 respectively; without DM group: 97.1 ng/mL (69.3-148.6) vs 80.8 (53.4-111.6) respectively, P < .01]. Univariate analysis showed that serum TSK significantly correlated with the degree of steatosis and fibrosis both in subjects with and without DM. On multivariable regression analysis, only liver stiffness and estimated glomerular filtration rate were significant determinants of TSK level, and the relationship was independent of diabetes and serum adiponectin. Out of 405 subjects with NAFLD, 49 had either advanced fibrosis or cirrhosis. The area under receiver operating characteristic curve of serum TSK to indicate advanced fibrosis or cirrhosis was 0.70 (95% CI .62-.77), which was significantly better than that of fibrosis-4 index, 0.64 (95% CI .55-.72), P < .05. CONCLUSION Serum TSK levels were increased in subjects with NAFLD and reflected the severity of liver fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sum Lam
- Department of Medicine, School of Clinical Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Chi-Ho Lee
- Department of Medicine, School of Clinical Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Carol H Y Fong
- Department of Medicine, School of Clinical Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Ying Wong
- Department of Medicine, School of Clinical Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Sammy W M Shiu
- Department of Medicine, School of Clinical Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Lung-Yi Mak
- Department of Medicine, School of Clinical Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Man-Fung Yuen
- Department of Medicine, School of Clinical Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Karen S L Lam
- Department of Medicine, School of Clinical Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Kathryn C B Tan
- Department of Medicine, School of Clinical Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
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30
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Maity S, Acharya A. Many Roles of Carbohydrates: A Computational Spotlight on the Coronavirus S Protein Binding. ACS APPLIED BIO MATERIALS 2024; 7:646-656. [PMID: 36947738 PMCID: PMC10880061 DOI: 10.1021/acsabm.2c01064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2022] [Accepted: 03/08/2023] [Indexed: 03/24/2023]
Abstract
Glycosylation is one of the post-translational modifications with more than 50% of human proteins being glycosylated. The exact nature and chemical composition of glycans are inaccessible to X-ray or cryo-electron microscopy imaging techniques. Therefore, computational modeling studies and molecular dynamics must be used as a "computational microscope". The spike (S) protein of SARS-CoV-2 is heavily glycosylated, and a few glycans play a more functional role "beyond shielding". In this mini-review, we discuss computational investigations of the roles of specific S-protein and ACE2 glycans in the overall ACE2-S protein binding. We highlight different functions of specific glycans demonstrated in myriad computational models and simulations in the context of the SARS-CoV-2 virus binding to the receptor. We also discuss interactions between glycocalyx and the S protein, which may be utilized to design prophylactic polysaccharide-based therapeutics targeting the S protein. In addition, we underline the recent emergence of coronavirus variants and their impact on the S protein and its glycans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suman Maity
- Department
of Chemistry, Syracuse University, Syracuse, New York 13244, United States
| | - Atanu Acharya
- Department
of Chemistry, Syracuse University, Syracuse, New York 13244, United States
- BioInspired
Syracuse, Syracuse University, Syracuse, New York 13244, United States
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31
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Reinhard J, Mueller-Buehl C, Wiemann S, Roll L, Luft V, Shabani H, Rathbun DL, Gan L, Kuo CC, Franzen J, Joachim SC, Faissner A. Neural extracellular matrix regulates visual sensory motor integration. iScience 2024; 27:108846. [PMID: 38318351 PMCID: PMC10839651 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2024.108846] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2023] [Revised: 10/12/2023] [Accepted: 01/03/2024] [Indexed: 02/07/2024] Open
Abstract
Visual processing depends on sensitive and balanced synaptic neurotransmission. Extracellular matrix proteins in the environment of cells are key modulators in synaptogenesis and synaptic plasticity. In the present study, we provide evidence that the combined loss of the four extracellular matrix components, brevican, neurocan, tenascin-C, and tenascin-R, in quadruple knockout mice leads to severe retinal dysfunction and diminished visual motion processing in vivo. Remarkably, impaired visual motion processing was accompanied by a developmental loss of cholinergic direction-selective starburst amacrine cells. Additionally, we noted imbalance of inhibitory and excitatory synaptic signaling in the quadruple knockout retina. Collectively, the study offers insights into the functional importance of four key extracellular matrix proteins for retinal function, visual motion processing, and synaptic signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacqueline Reinhard
- Department of Cell Morphology and Molecular Neurobiology, Faculty of Biology and Biotechnology, Ruhr University Bochum, 44780 Bochum, Germany
| | - Cornelius Mueller-Buehl
- Department of Cell Morphology and Molecular Neurobiology, Faculty of Biology and Biotechnology, Ruhr University Bochum, 44780 Bochum, Germany
| | - Susanne Wiemann
- Department of Cell Morphology and Molecular Neurobiology, Faculty of Biology and Biotechnology, Ruhr University Bochum, 44780 Bochum, Germany
| | - Lars Roll
- Department of Cell Morphology and Molecular Neurobiology, Faculty of Biology and Biotechnology, Ruhr University Bochum, 44780 Bochum, Germany
| | - Veronika Luft
- Department of Cell Morphology and Molecular Neurobiology, Faculty of Biology and Biotechnology, Ruhr University Bochum, 44780 Bochum, Germany
| | - Hamed Shabani
- Institute for Ophthalmic Research, Centre for Ophthalmology, Eberhard-Karls-University Tuebingen, 72076 Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Daniel L. Rathbun
- Institute for Ophthalmic Research, Centre for Ophthalmology, Eberhard-Karls-University Tuebingen, 72076 Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Lin Gan
- Interdisciplinary Centre for Clinical Research Aachen, RWTH Aachen University, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Chao-Chung Kuo
- Interdisciplinary Centre for Clinical Research Aachen, RWTH Aachen University, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Julia Franzen
- Interdisciplinary Centre for Clinical Research Aachen, RWTH Aachen University, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Stephanie C. Joachim
- Experimental Eye Research Institute, University Eye Hospital, Ruhr University Bochum, 44892 Bochum, Germany
| | - Andreas Faissner
- Department of Cell Morphology and Molecular Neurobiology, Faculty of Biology and Biotechnology, Ruhr University Bochum, 44780 Bochum, Germany
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Li N, Hao R, Ren P, Wang J, Dong J, Ye T, Zhao D, Qiao X, Meng Z, Gan H, Liu S, Sun Y, Dou G, Gu R. Glycosaminoglycans: Participants in Microvascular Coagulation of Sepsis. Thromb Haemost 2024. [PMID: 38242171 DOI: 10.1055/a-2250-3166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2024]
Abstract
Sepsis represents a syndromic response to infection and frequently acts as a common pathway leading to fatality in the context of various infectious diseases globally. The pathology of severe sepsis is marked by an excess of inflammation and activated coagulation. A substantial contributor to mortality in sepsis patients is widespread microvascular thrombosis-induced organ dysfunction. Multiple lines of evidence support the notion that sepsis induces endothelial damage, leading to the release of glycosaminoglycans, potentially causing microvascular dysfunction. This review aims to initially elucidate the relationship among endothelial damage, excessive inflammation, and thrombosis in sepsis. Following this, we present a summary of the involvement of glycosaminoglycans in coagulation, elucidating interactions among glycosaminoglycans, platelets, and inflammatory cells. In this section, we also introduce a reasoned generalization of potential signal pathways wherein glycosaminoglycans play a role in clotting. Finally, we discuss current methods for detecting microvascular conditions in sepsis patients from the perspective of glycosaminoglycans. In conclusion, it is imperative to pay closer attention to the role of glycosaminoglycans in the mechanism of microvascular thrombosis in sepsis. Dynamically assessing glycosaminoglycan levels in patients may aid in predicting microvascular conditions, enabling the monitoring of disease progression, adjustment of clinical treatment schemes, and mitigation of both acute and long-term adverse outcomes associated with sepsis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nanxi Li
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing, People Republic of China
| | - Ruolin Hao
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing, People Republic of China
| | - Peng Ren
- Beijing Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Beijing, People Republic of China
| | - Jingya Wang
- Beijing Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Beijing, People Republic of China
| | - Jiahui Dong
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing, People Republic of China
| | - Tong Ye
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing, People Republic of China
| | - Danyang Zhao
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing, People Republic of China
| | - Xuan Qiao
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing, People Republic of China
| | - Zhiyun Meng
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing, People Republic of China
| | - Hui Gan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing, People Republic of China
| | - Shuchen Liu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing, People Republic of China
| | - Yunbo Sun
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing, People Republic of China
| | - Guifang Dou
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing, People Republic of China
| | - Ruolan Gu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing, People Republic of China
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Choi AS, Jenkins-Lane LM, Barton W, Kumari A, Lancaster C, Raulerson C, Ji H, Altomare D, Starr MD, Whitaker R, Phaeton R, Arend R, Shtutman M, Nixon AB, Hempel N, Lee NY, Mythreye K. Glycosaminoglycan modifications of betaglycan regulate ectodomain shedding to fine-tune TGF-β signaling responses in ovarian cancer. Cell Commun Signal 2024; 22:128. [PMID: 38360757 PMCID: PMC10870443 DOI: 10.1186/s12964-024-01496-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2023] [Accepted: 01/21/2024] [Indexed: 02/17/2024] Open
Abstract
In pathologies including cancer, aberrant Transforming Growth Factor-β (TGF-β) signaling exerts profound tumor intrinsic and extrinsic consequences. Intense clinical endeavors are underway to target this pathway. Central to the success of these interventions is pinpointing factors that decisively modulate the TGF-β responses. Betaglycan/type III TGF-β receptor (TβRIII), is an established co-receptor for the TGF-β superfamily known to bind directly to TGF-βs 1-3 and inhibin A/B. Betaglycan can be membrane-bound and also undergo ectodomain cleavage to produce soluble-betaglycan that can sequester its ligands. Its extracellular domain undergoes heparan sulfate and chondroitin sulfate glycosaminoglycan modifications, transforming betaglycan into a proteoglycan. We report the unexpected discovery that the heparan sulfate glycosaminoglycan chains on betaglycan are critical for the ectodomain shedding. In the absence of such glycosaminoglycan chains betaglycan is not shed, a feature indispensable for the ability of betaglycan to suppress TGF-β signaling and the cells' responses to exogenous TGF-β ligands. Using unbiased transcriptomics, we identified TIMP3 as a key inhibitor of betaglycan shedding thereby influencing TGF-β signaling. Our results bear significant clinical relevance as modified betaglycan is present in the ascites of patients with ovarian cancer and can serve as a marker for predicting patient outcomes and TGF-β signaling responses. These studies are the first to demonstrate a unique reliance on the glycosaminoglycan chains of betaglycan for shedding and influence on TGF-β signaling responses. Dysregulated shedding of TGF-β receptors plays a vital role in determining the response and availability of TGF-βs', which is crucial for prognostic predictions and understanding of TGF-β signaling dynamics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alex S Choi
- Department of Pathology and O'Neal Comprehensive Cancer Center, Heersink School of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, 35233, USA
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, 29208, USA
| | - Laura M Jenkins-Lane
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, 29208, USA
| | - Wade Barton
- Department of Gynecology Oncology, Heersink School of Medicine, University of Alabama School of Medicine, Birmingham, AL, 35233, USA
| | - Asha Kumari
- Department of Pathology and O'Neal Comprehensive Cancer Center, Heersink School of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, 35233, USA
| | - Carly Lancaster
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, 29208, USA
| | - Calen Raulerson
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, 29208, USA
| | - Hao Ji
- Department of Drug Discovery & Biomedical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, 29208, USA
| | - Diego Altomare
- Department of Drug Discovery & Biomedical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, 29208, USA
| | - Mark D Starr
- Department of Medicine and Duke Cancer Institute, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, 27710, USA
| | - Regina Whitaker
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Rebecca Phaeton
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, and Microbiology and Immunology, College of Medicine, Pennsylvania State University, Hershey, PA, 17033, USA
| | - Rebecca Arend
- Department of Gynecology Oncology, Heersink School of Medicine, University of Alabama School of Medicine, Birmingham, AL, 35233, USA
| | - Michael Shtutman
- Department of Drug Discovery & Biomedical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, 29208, USA
| | - Andrew B Nixon
- Department of Medicine and Duke Cancer Institute, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, 27710, USA
| | - Nadine Hempel
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology-Oncology, Hillman Cancer Center, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213, USA
| | - Nam Y Lee
- Division of Pharmacology, Chemistry and Biochemistry, College of Medicine, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, 85721, USA
| | - Karthikeyan Mythreye
- Department of Pathology and O'Neal Comprehensive Cancer Center, Heersink School of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, 35233, USA.
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, 29208, USA.
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Kunnathattil M, Rahul P, Skaria T. Soluble vascular endothelial glycocalyx proteoglycans as potential therapeutic targets in inflammatory diseases. Immunol Cell Biol 2024; 102:97-116. [PMID: 37982607 DOI: 10.1111/imcb.12712] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2023] [Revised: 10/30/2023] [Accepted: 10/30/2023] [Indexed: 11/21/2023]
Abstract
Reducing the activity of cytokines and leukocyte extravasation is an emerging therapeutic strategy to limit tissue-damaging inflammatory responses and restore immune homeostasis in inflammatory diseases. Proteoglycans embedded in the vascular endothelial glycocalyx, which regulate the activity of cytokines to restrict the inflammatory response in physiological conditions, are proteolytically cleaved in inflammatory diseases. Here we critically review the potential of proteolytically shed, soluble vascular endothelial glycocalyx proteoglycans to modulate pathological inflammatory responses. Soluble forms of the proteoglycans syndecan-1, syndecan-3 and biglycan exert beneficial anti-inflammatory effects by the removal of chemokines, suppression of proinflammatory cytokine expression and leukocyte migration, and induction of autophagy of proinflammatory M1 macrophages. By contrast, soluble versikine and decorin enhance proinflammatory responses by increasing inflammatory cytokine synthesis and leukocyte migration. Endogenous syndecan-2 and mimecan exert proinflammatory effects, syndecan-4 and perlecan mediate beneficial anti-inflammatory effects and glypican regulates Hh and Wnt signaling pathways involved in systemic inflammatory responses. Taken together, targeting the vascular endothelial glycocalyx-derived, soluble syndecan-1, syndecan-2, syndecan-3, syndecan-4, biglycan, versikine, mimecan, perlecan, glypican and decorin might be a potential therapeutic strategy to suppress overstimulated cytokine and leukocyte responses in inflammatory diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maneesha Kunnathattil
- Department of Zoology, Government College Madappally, University of Calicut, Calicut, Kerala, India
| | - Pedapudi Rahul
- School of Biotechnology, National Institute of Technology Calicut, Calicut, Kerala, India
| | - Tom Skaria
- School of Biotechnology, National Institute of Technology Calicut, Calicut, Kerala, India
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35
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Miguez PA, Bash E, Musskopf ML, Tuin SA, Rivera-Concepcion A, Chapple ILC, Liu J. Control of tissue homeostasis by the extracellular matrix: Synthetic heparan sulfate as a promising therapeutic for periodontal health and bone regeneration. Periodontol 2000 2024; 94:510-531. [PMID: 37614159 PMCID: PMC10891305 DOI: 10.1111/prd.12515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2023] [Revised: 07/13/2023] [Accepted: 07/22/2023] [Indexed: 08/25/2023]
Abstract
Proteoglycans are core proteins associated with carbohydrate/sugar moieties that are highly variable in disaccharide composition, which dictates their function. These carbohydrates are named glycosaminoglycans, and they can be attached to proteoglycans or found free in tissues or on cell surfaces. Glycosaminoglycans such as hyaluronan, chondroitin sulfate, dermatan sulfate, keratan sulfate, and heparin/heparan sulfate have multiple functions including involvement in inflammation, immunity and connective tissue structure, and integrity. Heparan sulfate is a highly sulfated polysaccharide that is abundant in the periodontium including alveolar bone. Recent evidence supports the contention that heparan sulfate is an important player in modulating interactions between damage associated molecular patterns and inflammatory receptors expressed by various cell types. The structure of heparan sulfate is reported to dictate its function, thus, the utilization of a homogenous and structurally defined heparan sulfate polysaccharide for modulation of cell function offers therapeutic potential. Recently, a chemoenzymatic approach was developed to allow production of many structurally defined heparan sulfate carbohydrates. These oligosaccharides have been studied in various pathological inflammatory conditions to better understand their function and their potential application in promoting tissue homeostasis. We have observed that specific size and sulfation patterns can modulate inflammation and promote tissue maintenance including an anabolic effect in alveolar bone. Thus, new evidence provides a strong impetus to explore heparan sulfate as a potential novel therapeutic agent to treat periodontitis, support alveolar bone maintenance, and promote bone formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- PA Miguez
- Division of Comprehensive Oral Health - Periodontology, Adams School of Dentistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - E Bash
- Division of Comprehensive Oral Health - Periodontology, Adams School of Dentistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - ML Musskopf
- Division of Comprehensive Oral Health - Periodontology, Adams School of Dentistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - SA Tuin
- Oral and Craniofacial Health Sciences, Adams School of Dentistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - A Rivera-Concepcion
- Oral and Craniofacial Health Sciences, Adams School of Dentistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - ILC Chapple
- Periodontal Research Group, School of Dentistry, Institute of Clinical Sciences, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, Birmingham’s NIHR BRC in Inflammation Research, University of Birmingham and Birmingham Community Health Foundation Trust, Birmingham UK Iain Chapple
| | - J Liu
- Division of Chemical Biology and Medicinal Chemistry, Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
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36
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Tanino Y. Roles of extracellular matrix in lung diseases. Fukushima J Med Sci 2024; 70:1-9. [PMID: 38267030 PMCID: PMC10867433 DOI: 10.5387/fms.2023-07] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2023] [Accepted: 11/20/2023] [Indexed: 01/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Extracellular matrix (ECM) is a non-cellular constituent found in all tissues and organs. Although ECM was previously recognized as a mere "molecular glue" that supports the tissue structure of organs such as the lungs, it has recently been reported that ECM has important biological activities for tissue morphogenesis, inflammation, wound healing, and tumor progression. Proteoglycans are the main constituent of ECM, with growing evidence that proteoglycans and their associated glycosaminoglycans play important roles in the pathogenesis of several diseases. However, their roles in the lungs are incompletely understood. Leukocyte migration into the lung is one of the main aspects involved in the pathogenesis of several lung diseases. Glycosaminoglycans bind to chemokines and their interaction fine-tunes leukocyte migration into the affected organs. This review focuses on the role chemokine and glycosaminoglycan interactions in neutrophil migration into the lung. Furthermore, this review presents the role of proteoglycans such as syndecan, versican, and hyaluronan in inflammatory and fibrotic lung diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshinori Tanino
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Fukushima Medical University School of Medicine
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37
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Du W, Xia X, Hu F, Yu J. Extracellular matrix remodeling in the tumor immunity. Front Immunol 2024; 14:1340634. [PMID: 38332915 PMCID: PMC10850336 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1340634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2023] [Accepted: 12/28/2023] [Indexed: 02/10/2024] Open
Abstract
The extracellular matrix (ECM) is a significant constituent of tumors, fulfilling various essential functions such as providing mechanical support, influencing the microenvironment, and serving as a reservoir for signaling molecules. The abundance and degree of cross-linking of ECM components are critical determinants of tissue stiffness. In the process of tumorigenesis, the interaction between ECM and immune cells within the tumor microenvironment (TME) frequently leads to ECM stiffness, thereby disrupting normal mechanotransduction and promoting malignant progression. Therefore, acquiring a thorough comprehension of the dysregulation of ECM within the TME would significantly aid in the identification of potential therapeutic targets for cancer treatment. In this regard, we have compiled a comprehensive summary encompassing the following aspects: (1) the principal components of ECM and their roles in malignant conditions; (2) the intricate interaction between ECM and immune cells within the TME; and (3) the pivotal regulators governing the onco-immune response in ECM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Du
- Department of Targeting Therapy and Immunology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xueming Xia
- Division of Head & Neck Tumor Multimodality Treatment, Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Fan Hu
- Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Jiayun Yu
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
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38
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Antia IU, Hills FA, Shah AJ. Disaccharide compositional analysis of chondroitin sulphate using WAX HILIC-MS with pre-column procainamide labelling; application to the placenta in pre-eclampsia. ANALYTICAL METHODS : ADVANCING METHODS AND APPLICATIONS 2024; 16:566-575. [PMID: 38189556 DOI: 10.1039/d3ay01578e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2024]
Abstract
Chondroitin sulphate (CS) and dermatan sulphate are negatively charged linear heteropolysaccharides. These glycosaminoglycans (GAG) are involved in cellular signalling via binding to growth factors. CS is expressed in a range of tissue and biological fluids and is highly expressed in the placenta. There is evidence that decorin; a CS proteoglycan is significantly decreased in pre-eclampsia and fetal growth restriction. It is considered that GAG chain composition may influence cellular processes that are altered in pre-eclampsia. The goal of the present study was to develop an LC-MS method with precolumn procainamide labelling for the disaccharide compositional analysis of CS. The method was used to investigate whether the disaccharide composition of placenta-extracted CS is altered in pre-eclampsia. The study revealed differential disaccharide compositions of placental chondroitin sulphate between pre-eclampsia and other pregnancy conditions. This suggests that the method may have diagnostic potential for pregnancy disorders. Furthermore, the findings suggest that CS sulphation might play a significant role in maternal labour.
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Affiliation(s)
- Imeobong U Antia
- Glycan Research Group, Department of Natural Sciences, Faculty of Science and Technology, Middlesex University, London, UK.
| | - Frank A Hills
- Glycan Research Group, Department of Natural Sciences, Faculty of Science and Technology, Middlesex University, London, UK.
| | - Ajit J Shah
- Glycan Research Group, Department of Natural Sciences, Faculty of Science and Technology, Middlesex University, London, UK.
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Stephenson EL, Jain RW, Ghorbani S, Gorter RP, D’Mello C, Yong VW. Uncovering Novel Extracellular Matrix Transcriptome Alterations in Lesions of Multiple Sclerosis. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:1240. [PMID: 38279239 PMCID: PMC10816920 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25021240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2023] [Revised: 01/13/2024] [Accepted: 01/16/2024] [Indexed: 01/28/2024] Open
Abstract
The extracellular matrix (ECM) of the central nervous system (CNS) is an interconnected network of proteins and sugars with critical roles in both homeostasis and disease. In neurological diseases, excessive ECM deposition and remodeling impact both injury and repair. CNS lesions of multiple sclerosis (MS), a chronic inflammatory and degenerative disease, cause prominent alterations of the ECM. However, there are a lack of data investigating how the multitude of ECM members change in relation to each other and how this affects the MS disease course. Here, we evaluated ECM changes in MS lesions compared to a control brain using databases generated in-house through spatial mRNA-sequencing and through a public resource of single-nucleus RNA sequencing previously published by Absinta and colleagues. These results underline the importance of publicly available datasets to find new targets of interest, such as the ECM. Both spatial and public datasets demonstrated widespread changes in ECM molecules and their interacting proteins, including alterations to proteoglycans and glycoproteins within MS lesions. Some of the altered ECM members have been described in MS, but other highly upregulated members, including the SPARC family of proteins, have not previously been highlighted. SPARC family members are upregulated in other conditions by reactive astrocytes and may influence immune cell activation and MS disease course. The profound changes to the ECM in MS lesions deserve more scrutiny as they impact neuroinflammation, injury, and repair.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erin Laurel Stephenson
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 2T9, Canada;
| | - Rajiv William Jain
- Hotchkiss Brain Institute and Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 4N1, Canada; (R.W.J.); (S.G.); (R.P.G.); (C.D.)
| | - Samira Ghorbani
- Hotchkiss Brain Institute and Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 4N1, Canada; (R.W.J.); (S.G.); (R.P.G.); (C.D.)
| | - Rianne Petra Gorter
- Hotchkiss Brain Institute and Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 4N1, Canada; (R.W.J.); (S.G.); (R.P.G.); (C.D.)
| | - Charlotte D’Mello
- Hotchkiss Brain Institute and Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 4N1, Canada; (R.W.J.); (S.G.); (R.P.G.); (C.D.)
| | - Voon Wee Yong
- Hotchkiss Brain Institute and Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 4N1, Canada; (R.W.J.); (S.G.); (R.P.G.); (C.D.)
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40
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Drysdale A, Blanco-Lopez M, White SJ, Unsworth AJ, Jones S. Differential Proteoglycan Expression in Atherosclerosis Alters Platelet Adhesion and Activation. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:950. [PMID: 38256024 PMCID: PMC10815981 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25020950] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2023] [Revised: 01/06/2024] [Accepted: 01/09/2024] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Proteoglycans are differentially expressed in different atherosclerotic plaque phenotypes, with biglycan and decorin characteristic of ruptured plaques and versican and hyaluronan more prominent in eroded plaques. Following plaque disruption, the exposure of extracellular matrix (ECM) proteins triggers platelet adhesion and thrombus formation. In this study, the impact of differential plaque composition on platelet function and thrombus formation was investigated. Platelet adhesion, activation and thrombus formation under different shear stress conditions were assessed in response to individual proteoglycans and composites representing different plaque phenotypes. The results demonstrated that all the proteoglycans tested mediated platelet adhesion but not platelet activation, and the extent of adhesion observed was significantly lower than that observed with type I and type III collagens. Thrombus formation upon the rupture and erosion ECM composites was significantly reduced (p < 0.05) compared to relevant collagen alone, indicating that proteoglycans negatively regulate platelet collagen responses. This was supported by results demonstrating that the addition of soluble biglycan or decorin to whole blood markedly reduced thrombus formation on type I collagen (p < 0.05). Interestingly, thrombus formation upon the erosion composite displayed aspirin sensitivity, whereas the rupture composite was intensive to aspirin, having implications for current antiplatelet therapy regimes. In conclusion, differential platelet responses and antiplatelet efficacy are observed on ECM composites phenotypic of plaque rupture and erosion. Proteoglycans inhibit thrombus formation and may offer a novel plaque-specific approach to limit arterial thrombosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amelia Drysdale
- Department of Life Sciences, Manchester Metropolitan University, Manchester M1 5GD, UK; (A.D.); (M.B.-L.); (A.J.U.)
| | - Maria Blanco-Lopez
- Department of Life Sciences, Manchester Metropolitan University, Manchester M1 5GD, UK; (A.D.); (M.B.-L.); (A.J.U.)
| | - Stephen J. White
- Faculty of Medical Sciences, The Medical School, Newcastle University, Framlington Place, Newcastle upon Tyne NE2 4HH, UK;
| | - Amanda J. Unsworth
- Department of Life Sciences, Manchester Metropolitan University, Manchester M1 5GD, UK; (A.D.); (M.B.-L.); (A.J.U.)
| | - Sarah Jones
- Department of Life Sciences, Manchester Metropolitan University, Manchester M1 5GD, UK; (A.D.); (M.B.-L.); (A.J.U.)
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41
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Moutin EB, Bons J, Giavara G, Lourenco F, Pan D, Burton JB, Shah S, Colombé M, Gascard P, Tlsty T, Schilling B, Winton DJ. Extracellular Matrix Orchestration of Tissue Remodeling in the Chronically Inflamed Mouse Colon. Cell Mol Gastroenterol Hepatol 2024; 17:639-656. [PMID: 38199279 PMCID: PMC10905044 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcmgh.2024.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2023] [Revised: 01/04/2024] [Accepted: 01/04/2024] [Indexed: 01/12/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Chronic inflammatory illnesses are debilitating and recurrent conditions associated with significant comorbidities, including an increased risk of developing cancer. Extensive tissue remodeling is a hallmark of such illnesses, and is both a consequence and a mediator of disease progression. Despite previous characterization of epithelial and stromal remodeling during inflammatory bowel disease, a complete understanding of its impact on disease progression is lacking. METHODS A comprehensive proteomic pipeline using data-independent acquisition was applied to decellularized colon samples from the Muc2 knockout (Muc2KO) mouse model of colitis for an in-depth characterization of extracellular matrix remodeling. Unique proteomic profiles of the matrisomal landscape were extracted from prepathologic and overt colitis. Integration of proteomics and transcriptomics data sets extracted from the same murine model produced network maps describing the orchestrating role of matrisomal proteins in tissue remodeling during the progression of colitis. RESULTS The in-depth proteomic workflow used here allowed the addition of 34 proteins to the known colon matrisomal signature. Protein signatures of prepathologic and pathologic colitic states were extracted, differentiating the 2 states by expression of small leucine-rich proteoglycans. We outlined the role of this class and other matrisomal proteins in tissue remodeling during colitis, as well as the potential for coordinated regulation of cell types by matrisomal ligands. CONCLUSIONS Our work highlights a central role for matrisomal proteins in tissue remodeling during colitis and defines orchestrating nodes that can be exploited in the selection of therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisa B Moutin
- Cancer Research UK Cambridge Institute, Li Ka Shing Centre, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Joanna Bons
- Buck Institute for Research on Aging, Novato, California
| | - Giada Giavara
- Cancer Research UK Cambridge Institute, Li Ka Shing Centre, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Filipe Lourenco
- Cancer Research UK Cambridge Institute, Li Ka Shing Centre, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Deng Pan
- Department of Pathology, University of California, San Francisco, California
| | | | - Samah Shah
- Buck Institute for Research on Aging, Novato, California
| | - Mathilde Colombé
- Cancer Research UK Cambridge Institute, Li Ka Shing Centre, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Philippe Gascard
- Department of Pathology, University of California, San Francisco, California
| | - Thea Tlsty
- Department of Pathology, University of California, San Francisco, California
| | | | - Douglas J Winton
- Cancer Research UK Cambridge Institute, Li Ka Shing Centre, Cambridge, United Kingdom.
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42
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Li K, Huang Z, Xie G, Huang B, Song L, Zhang Y, Yang J. Transcriptomic insights into UTUC: role of inflammatory fibrosis and potential for personalized treatment. J Transl Med 2024; 22:24. [PMID: 38183115 PMCID: PMC10768331 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-023-04815-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2023] [Accepted: 12/18/2023] [Indexed: 01/07/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Upper tract urothelial carcinoma (UTUC) is a rare disease, belonging to the same category of urothelial cancers as bladder cancer (BC). Despite sharing similar non-surgical treatment modalities, UTUC demonstrates a higher metastasis propensity than BC. Furthermore, although both cancers exhibit similar molecular disease emergence mechanisms, sequencing data reveals some differences. Our study investigates the transcriptomic distinctions between UTUC and BC, explores the causes behind UTUC's heightened metastatic tendency, constructs a model for UTUC metastasis and prognosis, and propose personalized treatment strategies for UTUC. METHODS In our research, we utilized differential gene expression analysis, interaction networks, and Cox regression to explore the enhanced metastatic propensity of UTUC. We formulated and validated a prognostic risk model using diverse techniques, including cell co-culture, reverse transcription quantitative polymerase chain reaction (rt-qPCR), western blotting, and transwell experiments. Our methodological approach also involved survival analysis, risk model construction, and drug screening leveraging the databases of CTRPv2, PRISM and CMap. We used the Masson staining technique for histological assessments. All statistical evaluations were conducted using R software and GraphPad Prism 9, reinforcing the rigorous and comprehensive nature of our research approach. RESULTS Screening through inflammatory fibrosis revealed a reduction of extracellular matrix and cell adhesion molecules regulated by proteoglycans in UTUC compared with BC, making UTUC more metastasis-prone. We demonstrated that SDC1, LUM, VEGFA, WNT7B, and TIMP3, are critical in promoting UTUC metastasis. A risk model based on these five molecules can effectively predict the risk of UTUC metastasis and disease-free survival time. Given UTUC's unique molecular mechanisms distinct from BC, we discovered that UTUC patients could better mitigate the issue of poor prognosis associated with UTUC's easy metastasis through tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) alongside the conventional gemcitabine and cisplatin chemotherapy regimen. CONCLUSIONS The poor prognosis of UTUC because of its high metastatic propensity is intimately tied to inflammatory fibrosis induced by the accumulation of reactive oxygen species. The biological model constructed using the five molecules SDC1, LUM, VEGFA, WNT7B, and TIMP3 can effectively predict patient prognosis. UTUC patients require specialized treatments in addition to conventional regimens, with TKIs exhibiting significant potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keqiang Li
- Department of Urology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan Province, China
- Academy of Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan Province, China
| | - Zhenlin Huang
- Department of Urology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan Province, China
| | - Guoqing Xie
- Department of Urology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan Province, China
- Academy of Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan Province, China
| | - Budeng Huang
- Department of Urology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan Province, China
- Academy of Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan Province, China
| | - Liang Song
- Department of Urology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan Province, China
- Academy of Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan Province, China
| | - Yu Zhang
- Department of Urology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan Province, China.
- Academy of Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan Province, China.
| | - Jinjian Yang
- Department of Urology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan Province, China.
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Petrovic M, Kahle ER, Han L, Marcolongo MS. Biomimetic proteoglycans as a tool to engineer the structure and mechanics of porcine bioprosthetic heart valves. J Biomed Mater Res B Appl Biomater 2024; 112:e35336. [PMID: 37818847 PMCID: PMC11055403 DOI: 10.1002/jbm.b.35336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2023] [Revised: 08/21/2023] [Accepted: 09/18/2023] [Indexed: 10/13/2023]
Abstract
The utility of bioprosthetic heart valves (BHVs) is limited to certain patient populations because of their poor durability compared to mechanical prosthetic valves. Histological analysis of failed porcine BHVs suggests that degeneration of the tissue extracellular matrix (ECM), specifically the loss of proteoglycans and their glycosaminoglycans (GAGs), may lead to impaired mechanical performance, resulting in nucleation and propagation of tears and ultimately failure of the prosthetic. Several strategies have been proposed to address this deterioration, including novel chemical fixatives to stabilize ECM constituents and incorporation of small molecule inhibitors of catabolic enzymes implicated in the degeneration of the BHV ECM. Here, biomimetic proteoglycans (BPGs) were introduced into porcine aortic valves ex vivo and were shown to distribute throughout the valve leaflets. Incorporation of BPGs into the heart valve leaflet increased tissue overall GAG content. The presence of BPGs also significantly increased the micromodulus of the spongiosa layer within the BHV without compromising the chemical fixation process used to sterilize and strengthen the tissue prior to implantation. These findings suggest that a targeted approach for molecularly engineering valve leaflet ECM through the use of BPGs may be a viable way to improve the mechanical behavior and potential durability of BHVs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark Petrovic
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Drexel University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
- Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Elizabeth R. Kahle
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Science and Health Systems, Drexel University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Lin Han
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Science and Health Systems, Drexel University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Michele S. Marcolongo
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Drexel University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Villanova University, Villanova, Pennsylvania, USA
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Oshima K, Siddiqui N, Orfila JE, Carter D, Laing J, Han X, Zakharevich I, Iozzo RV, Ghasabyan A, Moore H, Zhang F, Linhardt RJ, Moore EE, Quillinan N, Schmidt EP, Herson PS, Hippensteel JA. A role for decorin in improving motor deficits after traumatic brain injury. Matrix Biol 2024; 125:88-99. [PMID: 38135163 PMCID: PMC10922985 DOI: 10.1016/j.matbio.2023.12.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2023] [Revised: 12/13/2023] [Accepted: 12/15/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023]
Abstract
Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is the leading cause of death and disability due to injury worldwide. Extracellular matrix (ECM) remodeling is known to significantly contribute to TBI pathophysiology. Glycosaminoglycans, which are long-chain, variably sulfated polysaccharides abundant within the ECM, have previously been shown to be substantially altered after TBI. In this study, we sought to delineate the dynamics of glycosaminoglycan alterations after TBI and discover the precise biologic processes responsible for observed glycosaminoglycan changes after injury. We performed state-of-the art mass spectrometry on brain tissues isolated from mice after TBI or craniotomy-alone. We observed dynamic changes in glycosaminoglycans at Day 1 and 7 post-TBI, with heparan sulfate, chondroitin sulfate, and hyaluronan remaining significantly increased after a week vis-à-vis craniotomy-alone tissues. We did not observe appreciable changes in circulating glycosaminoglycans in mice after experimental TBI compared to craniotomy-alone nor in patients with TBI and severe polytrauma compared to control patients with mild injuries, suggesting increases in injury site glycosaminoglycans are driven by local synthesis. We subsequently performed an unbiased whole genome transcriptomics analysis on mouse brain tissues 7 days post-TBI and discovered a significant induction of hyaluronan synthase 2, glypican-3, and decorin. The functional role of decorin after injury was further examined through multimodal behavioral testing comparing wild-type and Dcn-/- mice. We discovered that genetic ablation of Dcn led to an overall negative effect of TBI on function, exacerbating motor impairments after TBI. Collectively, our results provide a spatiotemporal characterization of post-TBI glycosaminoglycan alterations in the brain ECM and support an important adaptive role for decorin upregulation after TBI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaori Oshima
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Noah Siddiqui
- Division of Pulmonary Sciences and Critical Care Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - James E Orfila
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Ohio State University, College of Medicine, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Danelle Carter
- Department of Neurology, University of Colorado, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Justin Laing
- Division of Pulmonary Sciences and Critical Care Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Xiaorui Han
- Departments of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Chemical and Biological Engineering, and Biomedical Engineering, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, New York, USA; Curtin Medical School, Curtin Health Innovation Research Institute, Curtin University, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Igor Zakharevich
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Colorado, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Renato V Iozzo
- Department of Pathology and Genomic Medicine and the Translational Cellular Oncology Program, Sidney Kimmel Cancer Center, Sidney Kimmel Medical College at Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Arsen Ghasabyan
- Department of Surgery, Ernest E. Moore Shock Trauma Center at Denver Health, University of Colorado, Denver, Colorado, USA
| | - Hunter Moore
- Department of Surgery, Ernest E. Moore Shock Trauma Center at Denver Health, University of Colorado, Denver, Colorado, USA
| | - Fuming Zhang
- Departments of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Chemical and Biological Engineering, and Biomedical Engineering, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, New York, USA
| | - Robert J Linhardt
- Departments of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Chemical and Biological Engineering, and Biomedical Engineering, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, New York, USA
| | - Ernest E Moore
- Department of Surgery, Ernest E. Moore Shock Trauma Center at Denver Health, University of Colorado, Denver, Colorado, USA
| | - Nidia Quillinan
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Eric P Schmidt
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Paco S Herson
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Ohio State University, College of Medicine, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Joseph A Hippensteel
- Division of Pulmonary Sciences and Critical Care Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, USA.
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Nakane A, Hirose S, Kawai N, Fujimoto N, Kondo E, Asano K. Salmon nasal cartilage proteoglycan stimulates hair growth. Biosci Biotechnol Biochem 2023; 88:107-110. [PMID: 37881018 DOI: 10.1093/bbb/zbad149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2023] [Accepted: 10/13/2023] [Indexed: 10/27/2023]
Abstract
Hair loss is a commonly encountered problem. In this study, hair growth was enhanced by daily oral ingestion of salmon nasal cartilage proteoglycan (PG) in mice. Proteoglycan stimulated vesicular endothelial growth factor production in human follicle dermal papilla cells through insulin growth factor-1 receptor signaling, suggesting the possibility of hair loss improvement by PG ingestion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akio Nakane
- Department of Biopolymer and Health Science, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Medicine, Hirosaki, Aomori, Japan
| | - Shouhei Hirose
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Medicine, Hirosaki, Aomori, Japan
| | - Noriaki Kawai
- Department of Biopolymer and Health Science, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Medicine, Hirosaki, Aomori, Japan
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Medicine, Hirosaki, Aomori, Japan
| | - Naoki Fujimoto
- Department of Healthcare, DyDo DRINCO, Inc., Osaka, Japan
| | - Eriko Kondo
- Department of Healthcare, DyDo DRINCO, Inc., Osaka, Japan
| | - Krisana Asano
- Department of Biopolymer and Health Science, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Medicine, Hirosaki, Aomori, Japan
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Medicine, Hirosaki, Aomori, Japan
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Baghy K, Ladányi A, Reszegi A, Kovalszky I. Insights into the Tumor Microenvironment-Components, Functions and Therapeutics. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:17536. [PMID: 38139365 PMCID: PMC10743805 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242417536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2023] [Revised: 11/25/2023] [Accepted: 12/13/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Similarly to our healthy organs, the tumor tissue also constitutes an ecosystem. This implies that stromal cells acquire an altered phenotype in tandem with tumor cells, thereby promoting tumor survival. Cancer cells are fueled by abnormal blood vessels, allowing them to develop and proliferate. Tumor-associated fibroblasts adapt their cytokine and chemokine production to the needs of tumor cells and alter the peritumoral stroma by generating more collagen, thereby stiffening the matrix; these processes promote epithelial-mesenchymal transition and tumor cell invasion. Chronic inflammation and the mobilization of pro-tumorigenic inflammatory cells further facilitate tumor expansion. All of these events can impede the effective administration of tumor treatment; so, the successful inhibition of tumorous matrix remodeling could further enhance the success of antitumor therapy. Over the last decade, significant progress has been made with the introduction of novel immunotherapy that targets the inhibitory mechanisms of T cell activation. However, extensive research is also being conducted on the stromal components and other cell types of the tumor microenvironment (TME) that may serve as potential therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kornélia Baghy
- Department of Pathology and Experimental Cancer Research, Semmelweis University, 1085 Budapest, Hungary;
| | - Andrea Ladányi
- Department of Surgical and Molecular Pathology and the National Tumor Biology Laboratory, National Institute of Oncology, 1122 Budapest, Hungary;
| | - Andrea Reszegi
- Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA;
- Department of Pathology, Forensic and Insurance Medicine, Semmelweis University, 1091 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Ilona Kovalszky
- Department of Pathology and Experimental Cancer Research, Semmelweis University, 1085 Budapest, Hungary;
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Lato-Kariakin E, Kuźnik-Trocha K, Gruenpeter A, Komosińska-Vassev K, Olczyk K, Winsz-Szczotka K. Investigation of Glycosaminoglycans in Urine and Their Alteration in Patients with Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis. Biomolecules 2023; 13:1737. [PMID: 38136608 PMCID: PMC10742273 DOI: 10.3390/biom13121737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2023] [Revised: 11/28/2023] [Accepted: 12/01/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
(1) Background: In this study, we evaluated the modulation of urine glycosaminoglycans (GAGs), which resulted from etanercept (ETA) therapy in patients with juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA) in whom methotrexate therapy failed to improve their clinical condition. (2) Methods: The sulfated GAGs (sGAGs, by complexation with blue 1,9-dimethylmethylene), including chondroitin-dermatan sulfate (CS/DS) and heparan sulfate (HS), as well as non-sulfated hyaluronic acid (HA, using the immunoenzymatic method), were determined in the blood of 89 children, i.e., 30 healthy children and 59 patients with JIA both before and during two years of ETA treatment. (3) Results: We confirmed the remodeling of the urinary glycan profile of JIA patients. The decrease in the excretion of sGAGs (p < 0.05), resulting from a decrease in the concentration of the dominant fraction in the urine, i.e., CS/DS (p < 0.05), not compensated by an increase in the concentration of HS (p < 0.000005) and HA (p < 0.0005) in the urine of patients with the active disease, was found. The applied biological therapy, leading to clinical improvement in patients, at the same time, did not contribute to normalization of the concentration of sGAGs (p < 0.01) in the urine of patients, as well as CS/DS (p < 0.05) in the urine of sick girls, while it promoted equalization of HS and HA concentrations. These results indicate an inhibition of the destruction of connective tissue structures but do not indicate their complete regeneration. (4) Conclusions: The metabolisms of glycans during JIA, reflected in their urine profile, depend on the patient's sex and the severity of the inflammatory process. The remodeling pattern of urinary glycans observed in patients with JIA indicates the different roles of individual types of GAGs in the pathogenesis of osteoarticular disorders in sick children. Furthermore, the lack of normalization of urinary GAG levels in treated patients suggests the need for continued therapy and continuous monitoring of its effectiveness, which will contribute to the complete regeneration of the ECM components of the connective tissue and thus protect the patient against possible disability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elżbieta Lato-Kariakin
- Department of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Diagnostics, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences in Sosnowiec, Medical University of Silesia, ul. Jedności 8, 41-200 Sosnowiec, Poland; (E.L.-K.); (K.K.-T.); (K.K.-V.); (K.O.)
| | - Kornelia Kuźnik-Trocha
- Department of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Diagnostics, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences in Sosnowiec, Medical University of Silesia, ul. Jedności 8, 41-200 Sosnowiec, Poland; (E.L.-K.); (K.K.-T.); (K.K.-V.); (K.O.)
| | - Anna Gruenpeter
- Department of Rheumatology, The John Paul II Pediatric Center in Sosnowiec, ul. G. Zapolskiej 3, 41-218 Sosnowiec, Poland;
| | - Katarzyna Komosińska-Vassev
- Department of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Diagnostics, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences in Sosnowiec, Medical University of Silesia, ul. Jedności 8, 41-200 Sosnowiec, Poland; (E.L.-K.); (K.K.-T.); (K.K.-V.); (K.O.)
| | - Krystyna Olczyk
- Department of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Diagnostics, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences in Sosnowiec, Medical University of Silesia, ul. Jedności 8, 41-200 Sosnowiec, Poland; (E.L.-K.); (K.K.-T.); (K.K.-V.); (K.O.)
| | - Katarzyna Winsz-Szczotka
- Department of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Diagnostics, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences in Sosnowiec, Medical University of Silesia, ul. Jedności 8, 41-200 Sosnowiec, Poland; (E.L.-K.); (K.K.-T.); (K.K.-V.); (K.O.)
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Afshar K, Sanaei MJ, Ravari MS, Pourbagheri-Sigaroodi A, Bashash D. An overview of extracellular matrix and its remodeling in the development of cancer and metastasis with a glance at therapeutic approaches. Cell Biochem Funct 2023; 41:930-952. [PMID: 37665068 DOI: 10.1002/cbf.3846] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2023] [Revised: 08/16/2023] [Accepted: 08/21/2023] [Indexed: 09/05/2023]
Abstract
The extracellular matrix (ECM) is an inevitable part of tissues able to provide structural support for cells depending on the purpose of tissues and organs. The dynamic characteristics of ECM let this system fluently interact with the extrinsic triggers and get stiffed, remodeled, and/or degraded ending in maintaining tissue homeostasis. ECM could serve as the platform for cancer progression. The dysregulation of biochemical and biomechanical ECM features might take participate in some pathological conditions such as aging, tissue destruction, fibrosis, and particularly cancer. Tumors can reprogram how ECM remodels by producing factors able to induce protein synthesis, matrix proteinase expression, degradation of the basement membrane, growth signals and proliferation, angiogenesis, and metastasis. Therefore, targeting the ECM components, their secretion, and their interactions with other cells or tumors could be a promising strategy in cancer therapies. The present study initially introduces the physiological functions of ECM and then discusses how tumor-dependent dysregulation of ECM could facilitate cancer progression and ends with reviewing the novel therapeutic strategies regarding ECM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kimiya Afshar
- Department of Hematology and Blood Banking, School of Allied Medical Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad-Javad Sanaei
- Department of Hematology and Blood Banking, School of Allied Medical Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mehrnaz Sadat Ravari
- Research Center for Hydatid Disease in Iran, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Atieh Pourbagheri-Sigaroodi
- Department of Hematology and Blood Banking, School of Allied Medical Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Davood Bashash
- Department of Hematology and Blood Banking, School of Allied Medical Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Wu PS, Liu HY, Wong TH, Lin JT, Hu FR, Lin MH. Comparative Proteomics Reveals Prolonged Corneal Preservation Impaired Ocular Surface Immunity Accompanied by Fibrosis in Human Stroma. J Proteome Res 2023; 22:3730-3741. [PMID: 37976471 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jproteome.3c00383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2023]
Abstract
Cornea transplantation is one of the most commonly performed allotransplantations worldwide. Prolonged storage of donor corneas leads to decreased endothelial cell viability, severe stromal edema, and opacification, significantly compromising the success rate of corneal transplantation. Corneal stroma, which constitutes the majority of the cornea, plays a crucial role in maintaining its shape and transparency. In this study, we conducted proteomic analysis of corneal stroma preserved in Optisol-GS medium at 4 °C for 7 or 14 days to investigate molecular changes during storage. Among 1923 identified proteins, 1634 were quantifiable and 387 were significantly regulated with longer preservation. Compared to stroma preserved for 7 days, proteins involved in ocular surface immunomodulation were largely downregulated while proteins associated with extracellular matrix reorganization and fibrosis were upregulated in those preserved for 14 days. The increase in extracellular matrix structural proteins together with upregulation of growth factor signaling implies the occurrence of stromal fibrosis, which may compromise tissue clarity and cause vision impairments. This study is the first to provide insights into how storage duration affects corneal stroma from a proteomic perspective. Our findings may contribute to future research efforts aimed at developing long-term preservation techniques and improving the quality of preserved corneas, thus maximizing their clinical application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pei-Shan Wu
- Department of Ophthalmology, National Taiwan University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei 100233, Taiwan
| | - Hsin-Yu Liu
- Department of Ophthalmology, National Taiwan University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei 100233, Taiwan
| | - Tzu-Hsuan Wong
- Department of Microbiology, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei 100233, Taiwan
| | - Jui-Ti Lin
- Department of Microbiology, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei 100233, Taiwan
| | - Fung-Rong Hu
- Department of Ophthalmology, National Taiwan University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei 100233, Taiwan
| | - Miao-Hsia Lin
- Department of Microbiology, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei 100233, Taiwan
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Eskin D, Kale İ, Nokay E, Muhcu M. Investigation of maternal serum endocan concentrations in pregnant women with gestational diabetes mellitus; a prospective case-control study. J Matern Fetal Neonatal Med 2023; 36:2254889. [PMID: 37691263 DOI: 10.1080/14767058.2023.2254889] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2023] [Revised: 08/07/2023] [Accepted: 08/29/2023] [Indexed: 09/12/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE We aimed to investigate the maternal serum endocan concentrations in pregnant women diagnosed with Gestational Diabetes Mellitus (GDM) and to investigate the usability of serum endocan in GDM screening. METHODS This prospective case-control study was conducted with 160 pregnant women. The GDM group consisted of 80 pregnant women who had 75 g OGTT between the 24th and 28th weeks of pregnancy and were diagnosed with GDM. The control group consisted of 80 healthy pregnant women who were matched with the GDM group in terms of age and body mass index (BMI) and had a normal 75 g OGTT result. Serum endocan concentrations were evaluated between 24 and 28 weeks of gestation in all participants and the groups were compared in terms of serum endocan concentrations. RESULTS The median maternal serum endocan concentration was found to be significantly higher in the GDM group than in the control group (498 ng/L, and 467 ng/L, respectively, p = 0.024). In the subgroup analysis according to the BMI of the participants, the highest median maternal serum endocan concentration (513 ng/L) was found in the overweight GDM group. ROC analysis was performed to determine the value of maternal serum endocan concentration in predicting GDM. AUC analysis of maternal serum endocan for estimation of GDM was 0.603 (p = 0.024, 95% CI = 0.515 - 0.691). The optimal threshold value for maternal serum endocan concentration was determined as 376 ng/L with 88.75% sensitivity and 32.5% specificity. CONCLUSION Although serum endocan does not have high enough specificity to be used as an alternative to OGTT in GDM screening between 24 and 28 weeks of gestation, we think that it is somehow involved in the pathogenesis of GDM. The contribution of placental endocan expression to the serum concentration and the effect of blood glucose regulation on serum endocan concentration in GDM remain to be investigated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Doğuş Eskin
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Umraniye Training and Research Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - İbrahim Kale
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Umraniye Training and Research Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Ece Nokay
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Umraniye Training and Research Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Murat Muhcu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Umraniye Training and Research Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey
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