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Rhein C, Apelt I, Werner F, Schäflein E, Adler W, Reichel M, Schug C, Morawa E, Erim Y. Paradoxical effect of anti-inflammatory drugs on IL-6 mRNA expression in patients with PTSD during treatment. J Neural Transm (Vienna) 2024; 131:813-821. [PMID: 38613673 PMCID: PMC11199235 DOI: 10.1007/s00702-024-02770-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2023] [Accepted: 03/23/2024] [Indexed: 04/15/2024]
Abstract
The pathophysiology of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is associated with the activation of the innate immune system, including cytokines like interleukin 6 (IL-6). However, the role of IL-6 in the etiology and treatment of PTSD still remains elusive. We conducted a prospective controlled trial to investigate the development of IL-6 during psychosomatic treatment in individuals with PTSD in comparison with individuals without PTSD. We assessed IL-6 mRNA expression before and after 2 months of psychosomatic treatment in individuals with and without PTSD. Severities of PTSD and depressive symptoms were assessed in parallel. Linear mixed regression was applied for statistical analysis, including the factors diagnosis PTSD and pre-post treatment after subgrouping for intake of anti-inflammatory drugs. The development of IL-6 mRNA expression during treatment was affected by the use of anti-inflammatory drugs. In the subgroup without intake of anti-inflammatory drugs, no significant statistical treatment effect in individuals with and without PTSD emerged. In the subgroup of individuals taking anti-inflammatory drugs, a significant interaction effect of the factors pre-post treatment and diagnosis PTSD was observed. Whereas IL-6 mRNA expression in individuals without PTSD decreased according to amelioration of symptoms, IL-6 mRNA expression in individuals with PTSD increased significantly during treatment, in opposite direction to symptom severity. Anti-inflammatory drugs might affect IL-6 mRNA expression in individuals with PTSD in a paradoxical way. This study offers a further piece of evidence that IL-6 could be involved in the pathophysiology of PTSD and PTSD-specific immunologic molecular mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cosima Rhein
- Department of Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Hartmannstr. 14, 91054, Erlangen, Germany.
| | - Isabella Apelt
- Department of Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Hartmannstr. 14, 91054, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Franziska Werner
- Department of Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Hartmannstr. 14, 91054, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Eva Schäflein
- Department of Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Hartmannstr. 14, 91054, Erlangen, Germany
- Department of Psychotherapy and Psychosomatic Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Technische Universität Dresden (TUD), Dresden, Germany
| | - Werner Adler
- Department of Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Hartmannstr. 14, 91054, Erlangen, Germany
- Institute of Medical Informatics, Biometry and Epidemiology, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Erlangen, Germany
| | - Martin Reichel
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Erlangen, Germany
- Department of Nephrology and Medical Intensive Care, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Caterina Schug
- Department of Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Hartmannstr. 14, 91054, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Eva Morawa
- Department of Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Hartmannstr. 14, 91054, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Yesim Erim
- Department of Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Hartmannstr. 14, 91054, Erlangen, Germany
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2
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Takenoya F, Shibato J, Yamashita M, Kimura A, Hirako S, Chiba Y, Nonaka N, Shioda S, Rakwal R. Transcriptomic (DNA Microarray) and Metabolome (LC-TOF-MS) Analyses of the Liver in High-Fat Diet Mice after Intranasal Administration of GALP (Galanin-like Peptide). Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:15825. [PMID: 37958806 PMCID: PMC10648535 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242115825] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2023] [Revised: 10/20/2023] [Accepted: 10/28/2023] [Indexed: 11/15/2023] Open
Abstract
The aim of this research was to test the efficacy and potential clinical application of intranasal administration of galanin-like peptide (GALP) as an anti-obesity treatment under the hypothesis that GALP prevents obesity in mice fed a high-fat diet (HFD). Focusing on the mechanism of regulation of lipid metabolism in peripheral tissues via the autonomic nervous system, we confirmed that, compared with a control (saline), intranasally administered GALP prevented further body weight gain in diet-induced obesity (DIO) mice with continued access to an HFD. Using an omics-based approach, we identified several genes and metabolites in the liver tissue of DIO mice that were altered by the administration of intranasal GALP. We used whole-genome DNA microarray and metabolomics analyses to determine the anti-obesity effects of intranasal GALP in DIO mice fed an HFD. Transcriptomic profiling revealed the upregulation of flavin-containing dimethylaniline monooxygenase 3 (Fmo3), metallothionein 1 and 2 (Mt1 and Mt2, respectively), and the Aldh1a3, Defa3, and Defa20 genes. Analysis using the DAVID tool showed that intranasal GALP enhanced gene expression related to fatty acid elongation and unsaturated fatty acid synthesis and downregulated gene expression related to lipid and cholesterol synthesis, fat absorption, bile uptake, and excretion. Metabolite analysis revealed increased levels of coenzyme Q10 and oleoylethanolamide in the liver tissue, increased levels of deoxycholic acid (DCA) and taurocholic acid (TCA) in the bile acids, increased levels of taurochenodeoxycholic acid (TCDCA), and decreased levels of ursodeoxycholic acid (UDCA). In conclusion, intranasal GALP administration alleviated weight gain in obese mice fed an HFD via mechanisms involving antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and fatty acid metabolism effects and genetic alterations. The gene expression data are publicly available at NCBI GSE243376.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fumiko Takenoya
- Department of Sport Sciences, Hoshi University School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokyo 142-8501, Japan; (F.T.); (M.Y.); (A.K.)
| | - Junko Shibato
- Department of Functional Morphology, Shonan University of Medical Sciences, Kanagawa 244-0806, Japan; (J.S.); (S.S.)
| | - Michio Yamashita
- Department of Sport Sciences, Hoshi University School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokyo 142-8501, Japan; (F.T.); (M.Y.); (A.K.)
| | - Ai Kimura
- Department of Sport Sciences, Hoshi University School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokyo 142-8501, Japan; (F.T.); (M.Y.); (A.K.)
| | - Satoshi Hirako
- Department of Health and Nutrition, University of Human Arts and Sciences, Saitama 339-8539, Japan;
| | - Yoshihiko Chiba
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology and Physiology, School of Pharmacy, Hoshi University, Tokyo 142-8501, Japan;
| | - Naoko Nonaka
- Department of Oral Anatomy and Developmental Biology, Showa University School of Dentistry, Tokyo 142-8555, Japan;
| | - Seiji Shioda
- Department of Functional Morphology, Shonan University of Medical Sciences, Kanagawa 244-0806, Japan; (J.S.); (S.S.)
| | - Randeep Rakwal
- Institute of Health and Sport Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba 305-8574, Japan
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Owari G, Kono K, Kanouchi D, Uchiyama M, Nishida Y. Association between depressive symptoms and heart rate variability in older patients admitted for rehabilitation: a cross-sectional study. Int J Rehabil Res 2023; 46:248-251. [PMID: 37417800 DOI: 10.1097/mrr.0000000000000585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/08/2023]
Abstract
Heart rate variability (HRV) is associated with depressive symptoms, but this relationship in older inpatients undergoing rehabilitation remains unclear. This study investigated the relationship between HRV and depressive symptoms in older inpatients undergoing rehabilitation. Fifty patients aged ≥65 years were assessed for depressive symptoms using the Geriatric Depression Scale. HRV was assessed by frequency analysis. The relationship between depressive symptoms and HRV indices, age, sex, Short Physical Performance Battery (SPPB) score, Mini-Mental State Examination score was examined using simple linear regression. Next, the predictors from the simple linear regression analysis significant at the 0.15 level were inputted in a multiple regression model. Multiple regression analysis revealed that very low frequency HRV [ β = -2.13, 95% confidence interval (CI) -3.15 to -1.11, P < 0.05] and SPPB score ( β = -0.30, 95% CI -0.52 to -0.08, P < 0.05) were negatively associated with depressive symptoms: the lower the HRV and the more severe the mobility impairment, the higher the severity of the depressive symptoms. Very low frequency (VLF) HRV and physical performance, as measured by the SPPB score, were associated with depressive symptoms in older patients undergoing rehabilitation. VLF HRV may serve as a useful biomarker for detecting depressive symptoms in this population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Go Owari
- Department of Rehabilitation, International University of Health and Welfare Narita Hospital
| | - Kenichi Kono
- Department of Physical Therapy, International University of Health and Welfare, Narita City
| | - Daiki Kanouchi
- Department of Rehabilitation, Inzai General Hospital, Inzai City, Chiba, Japan
| | - Masayoshi Uchiyama
- Department of Rehabilitation, Inzai General Hospital, Inzai City, Chiba, Japan
| | - Yusuke Nishida
- Department of Physical Therapy, International University of Health and Welfare, Narita City
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Cincotta AH. Brain Dopamine-Clock Interactions Regulate Cardiometabolic Physiology: Mechanisms of the Observed Cardioprotective Effects of Circadian-Timed Bromocriptine-QR Therapy in Type 2 Diabetes Subjects. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:13255. [PMID: 37686060 PMCID: PMC10487918 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241713255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2023] [Revised: 07/19/2023] [Accepted: 07/27/2023] [Indexed: 09/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Despite enormous global efforts within clinical research and medical practice to reduce cardiovascular disease(s) (CVD), it still remains the leading cause of death worldwide. While genetic factors clearly contribute to CVD etiology, the preponderance of epidemiological data indicate that a major common denominator among diverse ethnic populations from around the world contributing to CVD is the composite of Western lifestyle cofactors, particularly Western diets (high saturated fat/simple sugar [particularly high fructose and sucrose and to a lesser extent glucose] diets), psychosocial stress, depression, and altered sleep/wake architecture. Such Western lifestyle cofactors are potent drivers for the increased risk of metabolic syndrome and its attendant downstream CVD. The central nervous system (CNS) evolved to respond to and anticipate changes in the external (and internal) environment to adapt survival mechanisms to perceived stresses (challenges to normal biological function), including the aforementioned Western lifestyle cofactors. Within the CNS of vertebrates in the wild, the biological clock circuitry surveils the environment and has evolved mechanisms for the induction of the obese, insulin-resistant state as a survival mechanism against an anticipated ensuing season of low/no food availability. The peripheral tissues utilize fat as an energy source under muscle insulin resistance, while increased hepatic insulin resistance more readily supplies glucose to the brain. This neural clock function also orchestrates the reversal of the obese, insulin-resistant condition when the low food availability season ends. The circadian neural network that produces these seasonal shifts in metabolism is also responsive to Western lifestyle stressors that drive the CNS clock into survival mode. A major component of this natural or Western lifestyle stressor-induced CNS clock neurophysiological shift potentiating the obese, insulin-resistant state is a diminution of the circadian peak of dopaminergic input activity to the pacemaker clock center, suprachiasmatic nucleus. Pharmacologically preventing this loss of circadian peak dopaminergic activity both prevents and reverses existing metabolic syndrome in a wide variety of animal models of the disorder, including high fat-fed animals. Clinically, across a variety of different study designs, circadian-timed bromocriptine-QR (quick release) (a unique formulation of micronized bromocriptine-a dopamine D2 receptor agonist) therapy of type 2 diabetes subjects improved hyperglycemia, hyperlipidemia, hypertension, immune sterile inflammation, and/or adverse cardiovascular event rate. The present review details the seminal circadian science investigations delineating important roles for CNS circadian peak dopaminergic activity in the regulation of peripheral fuel metabolism and cardiovascular biology and also summarizes the clinical study findings of bromocriptine-QR therapy on cardiometabolic outcomes in type 2 diabetes subjects.
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Jardim SR, de Souza LMP, de Souza HSP. The Rise of Gastrointestinal Cancers as a Global Phenomenon: Unhealthy Behavior or Progress? INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2023; 20:3640. [PMID: 36834334 PMCID: PMC9962127 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph20043640] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2022] [Revised: 02/09/2023] [Accepted: 02/13/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
The overall burden of cancer is rapidly increasing worldwide, reflecting not only population growth and aging, but also the prevalence and spread of risk factors. Gastrointestinal (GI) cancers, including stomach, liver, esophageal, pancreatic, and colorectal cancers, represent more than a quarter of all cancers. While smoking and alcohol use are the risk factors most commonly associated with cancer development, a growing consensus also includes dietary habits as relevant risk factors for GI cancers. Current evidence suggests that socioeconomic development results in several lifestyle modifications, including shifts in dietary habits from local traditional diets to less-healthy Western diets. Moreover, recent data indicate that increased production and consumption of processed foods underlies the current pandemics of obesity and related metabolic disorders, which are directly or indirectly associated with the emergence of various chronic noncommunicable conditions and GI cancers. However, environmental changes are not restricted to dietary patterns, and unhealthy behavioral features should be analyzed with a holistic view of lifestyle. In this review, we discussed the epidemiological aspects, gut dysbiosis, and cellular and molecular characteristics of GI cancers and explored the impact of unhealthy behaviors, diet, and physical activity on developing GI cancers in the context of progressive societal changes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Rodrigues Jardim
- Division of Worker’s Health, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 22290-140, RJ, Brazil
| | - Lucila Marieta Perrotta de Souza
- Departamento de Clínica Médica, Hospital Universitário, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rua Prof. Rodolpho Paulo Rocco 255, Ilha do Fundão, Rio de Janeiro 21941-913, RJ, Brazil
| | - Heitor Siffert Pereira de Souza
- Departamento de Clínica Médica, Hospital Universitário, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rua Prof. Rodolpho Paulo Rocco 255, Ilha do Fundão, Rio de Janeiro 21941-913, RJ, Brazil
- D’Or Institute for Research and Education (IDOR), Rua Diniz Cordeiro 30, Botafogo, Rio de Janeiro 22281-100, RJ, Brazil
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Guo Y, Gao J, Liu Y, Jia Y, An X, Zhang X, Su P. An examination of causal associations and shared risk factors for diabetes and cardiovascular diseases in the East Asian population: A Mendelian randomization study. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2023; 14:1132298. [PMID: 36909309 PMCID: PMC9999111 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2023.1132298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2022] [Accepted: 02/09/2023] [Indexed: 03/14/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND One of the major contributors to disability and mortality among diabetics is cardiovascular disease (CVD), with coronary artery disease (CAD) as the most prevalent type. However, previous studies have provided controversial evidence linking diabetes to other types of CVDs, such as atrial fibrillation (AF). In addition, the risk factors that predispose people to the risk of diabetes and its complications differ across ethnicities, but the disease risk profiles in the East Asian population have been less investigated. METHODS The causal association between type 2 diabetes (T2D) and two types of CVDs (i.e., AF and CAD) in the East Asian population was first studied using Mendelian randomization (MR) analyses. Next, we examined the causal effect of 49 traits on T2D and CAD to identify their separate and shared risk factors in East Asians. A causal mediation analysis was performed to examine the role of T2D in mediating the relationship between the identified shared risk factors and CAD. RESULTS T2D was causally associated with CAD, but not AF, in East Asians. A screening of the risk factors indicated that six and 11 traits were causally associated with T2D and CAD, respectively, with suggestive levels of evidence. Alkaline phosphatase (ALP) was the only trait associated with both T2D and CAD, as revealed by the univariable MR analyses. Moreover, the causal association between ALP and CAD no longer existed after adjusting T2D as a covariable in the causal mediation study. CONCLUSION Our study highlights the risk profiles in the East Asian population, which is important in formulating targeted therapies for T2D and CVDs in East Asians.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yulin Guo
- *Correspondence: Yulin Guo, ; Pixiong Su,
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Pixiong Su
- *Correspondence: Yulin Guo, ; Pixiong Su,
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Vitale C, Spinozzi V, Colangeli L, Sbraccia P, Guglielmi V. Staphylococcal scalded skin syndrome in adults with obesity and type 2 diabetes: A case series. Clin Case Rep 2022; 10:e6471. [DOI: 10.1002/ccr3.6471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2022] [Revised: 09/15/2022] [Accepted: 09/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Carolina Vitale
- Department of Systems Medicine University of Rome Tor Vergata Rome Italy
- Obesity Medical Center University Hospital Policlinico Tor Vergata Rome Italy
| | - Valentina Spinozzi
- Department of Systems Medicine University of Rome Tor Vergata Rome Italy
- Obesity Medical Center University Hospital Policlinico Tor Vergata Rome Italy
| | - Luca Colangeli
- Department of Systems Medicine University of Rome Tor Vergata Rome Italy
- Obesity Medical Center University Hospital Policlinico Tor Vergata Rome Italy
| | - Paolo Sbraccia
- Department of Systems Medicine University of Rome Tor Vergata Rome Italy
- Obesity Medical Center University Hospital Policlinico Tor Vergata Rome Italy
| | - Valeria Guglielmi
- Department of Systems Medicine University of Rome Tor Vergata Rome Italy
- Obesity Medical Center University Hospital Policlinico Tor Vergata Rome Italy
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Selman A, Burns S, Reddy AP, Culberson J, Reddy PH. The Role of Obesity and Diabetes in Dementia. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23169267. [PMID: 36012526 PMCID: PMC9408882 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23169267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2022] [Revised: 08/11/2022] [Accepted: 08/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic conditions such as obesity, diabetes, and dementia are increasing in the United States (US) population. Knowledge of these chronic conditions, preventative measures, and proper management tactics is important and critical to preventing disease. The overlap between obesity, diabetes, and dementia is becoming further elucidated. These conditions share a similar origin through the components of increasing age, gender, genetic and epigenetic predispositions, depression, and a high-fat Western diet (WD) that all contribute to the inflammatory state associated with the development of obesity, diabetes, and dementia. This inflammatory state leads to the dysregulation of food intake and insulin resistance. Obesity is often the cornerstone that leads to the development of diabetes and, subsequently, in the case of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), progression to “type 3 diabetes mellitus (T3DM)”. Obesity and depression are closely associated with diabetes. However, dementia can be avoided with lifestyle modifications, by switching to a plant-based diet (e.g., a Mediterranean diet (MD)), and increasing physical activity. Diet and exercise are not the only treatment options. There are several surgical and pharmacological interventions available for prevention. Current and future research within each of these fields is warranted and offers the chance for new treatment options and a better understanding of the pathogenesis of each condition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashley Selman
- Department of Internal Medicine, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX 79430, USA
| | - Scott Burns
- Department of Internal Medicine, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX 79430, USA
| | - Arubala P. Reddy
- Nutritional Sciences Department, College Human Sciences, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX 79409, USA
| | - John Culberson
- Department of Family Medicine, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX 79430, USA
| | - P. Hemachandra Reddy
- Department of Internal Medicine, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX 79430, USA
- Nutritional Sciences Department, College Human Sciences, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX 79409, USA
- Department of Pharmacology and Neuroscience, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX 79430, USA
- Department of Neurology, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX 79430, USA
- Department of Public Health, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX 79430, USA
- Department of Speech, Language, and Hearing Sciences, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX 79430, USA
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-806-743-3194
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Cho Y, Chang Y, Choi HR, Kang J, Kwon R, Lim GY, Ahn J, Kim KH, Kim H, Hong YS, Zhao D, Rampal S, Cho J, Park HY, Guallar E, Ryu S. Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease and Risk of Early-Onset Vasomotor Symptoms in Lean and Overweight Premenopausal Women. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14142805. [PMID: 35889762 PMCID: PMC9317337 DOI: 10.3390/nu14142805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2022] [Revised: 07/07/2022] [Accepted: 07/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The role of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) in vasomotor symptom (VMS) risk in premenopausal women is unknown. We examined the prevalence of early-onset VMSs according to NAFLD status in lean and overweight premenopausal women. This cross-sectional study included 4242 premenopausal Korean women (mean age 45.4 years). VMSs (hot flashes and night sweats) were assessed using the Korean version of the Menopause-Specific Quality of Life questionnaire. Hepatic steatosis was determined using liver ultrasound; lean was defined as a body mass index of <23 kg/m2. Participants were categorized into four groups: NAFLD-free lean (reference), NAFLD-free overweight, lean NAFLD, and overweight NAFLD. Compared with the reference, the multivariable-adjusted prevalence ratios (PRs) (95% confidence intervals (CIs)) for VMSs in NAFLD-free overweight, lean NAFLD, and overweight NAFLD were 1.22 (1.06−1.41), 1.38 (1.06−1.79), and 1.49 (1.28−1.73), respectively. For moderate-to-severe VMSs, the multivariable-adjusted PRs (95% CIs) comparing NAFLD-free overweight, lean NAFLD, and overweight NAFLD to the reference were 1.38 (1.10−1.74), 1.73 (1.16−2.57), and 1.74 (1.37−2.21), respectively. NAFLD, even lean NAFLD, was significantly associated with an increased risk of prevalent early-onset VMSs and their severe forms among premenopausal women. Further studies are needed to determine the longitudinal association between NAFLD and VMS risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoosun Cho
- Total Healthcare Center, Kangbuk Samsung Hospital, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul 04514, Korea;
| | - Yoosoo Chang
- Center for Cohort Studies, Total Healthcare Center, Kangbuk Samsung Hospital, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul 04514, Korea; (H.R.C.); (J.K.); (R.K.); (G.-Y.L.); (J.A.)
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Kangbuk Samsung Hospital, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul 03181, Korea
- Department of Clinical Research Design & Evaluation, Samsung Advanced Institute for Health Sciences & Technology, Sungkyunkwan University, Seoul 06355, Korea;
- Correspondence: (Y.C.); (S.R.); Tel.: +82-2-2001-5139 (Y.C.); +82-2-2001-5137 (S.R.); Fax: +82-2-757-0436 (Y.C.); +82-2-757-0436 (S.R.)
| | - Hye Rin Choi
- Center for Cohort Studies, Total Healthcare Center, Kangbuk Samsung Hospital, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul 04514, Korea; (H.R.C.); (J.K.); (R.K.); (G.-Y.L.); (J.A.)
- Institute of Medical Research, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Suwon 16419, Korea
| | - Jeonggyu Kang
- Center for Cohort Studies, Total Healthcare Center, Kangbuk Samsung Hospital, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul 04514, Korea; (H.R.C.); (J.K.); (R.K.); (G.-Y.L.); (J.A.)
| | - Ria Kwon
- Center for Cohort Studies, Total Healthcare Center, Kangbuk Samsung Hospital, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul 04514, Korea; (H.R.C.); (J.K.); (R.K.); (G.-Y.L.); (J.A.)
- Institute of Medical Research, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Suwon 16419, Korea
| | - Ga-Young Lim
- Center for Cohort Studies, Total Healthcare Center, Kangbuk Samsung Hospital, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul 04514, Korea; (H.R.C.); (J.K.); (R.K.); (G.-Y.L.); (J.A.)
- Institute of Medical Research, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Suwon 16419, Korea
| | - Jiin Ahn
- Center for Cohort Studies, Total Healthcare Center, Kangbuk Samsung Hospital, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul 04514, Korea; (H.R.C.); (J.K.); (R.K.); (G.-Y.L.); (J.A.)
| | - Kye-Hyun Kim
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Kangbuk Samsung Hospital, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul 03181, Korea;
| | - Hoon Kim
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 03080, Korea;
| | - Yun Soo Hong
- Departments of Epidemiology and Medicine, Welch Center for Prevention, Epidemiology, and Clinical Research, Johns Hopkins University Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA; (Y.S.H.); (D.Z.); (E.G.)
| | - Di Zhao
- Departments of Epidemiology and Medicine, Welch Center for Prevention, Epidemiology, and Clinical Research, Johns Hopkins University Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA; (Y.S.H.); (D.Z.); (E.G.)
| | - Sanjay Rampal
- Department of Social and Preventive Medicine, Centre for Epidemiology and Evidence Based Practice, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia;
| | - Juhee Cho
- Department of Clinical Research Design & Evaluation, Samsung Advanced Institute for Health Sciences & Technology, Sungkyunkwan University, Seoul 06355, Korea;
- Departments of Epidemiology and Medicine, Welch Center for Prevention, Epidemiology, and Clinical Research, Johns Hopkins University Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA; (Y.S.H.); (D.Z.); (E.G.)
| | - Hyun-Young Park
- Department of Precision Medicine, National Institute of Health, Korea Disease Control and Prevention Agency, Cheongju 28159, Korea;
| | - Eliseo Guallar
- Departments of Epidemiology and Medicine, Welch Center for Prevention, Epidemiology, and Clinical Research, Johns Hopkins University Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA; (Y.S.H.); (D.Z.); (E.G.)
| | - Seungho Ryu
- Total Healthcare Center, Kangbuk Samsung Hospital, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul 04514, Korea;
- Center for Cohort Studies, Total Healthcare Center, Kangbuk Samsung Hospital, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul 04514, Korea; (H.R.C.); (J.K.); (R.K.); (G.-Y.L.); (J.A.)
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Kangbuk Samsung Hospital, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul 03181, Korea
- Correspondence: (Y.C.); (S.R.); Tel.: +82-2-2001-5139 (Y.C.); +82-2-2001-5137 (S.R.); Fax: +82-2-757-0436 (Y.C.); +82-2-757-0436 (S.R.)
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IŞIK G, EGELİOĞLU CETİŞLİ N. The Effect of Gestational Diabetes on Depression and Breastfeeding Self-Efficacy in Pregnancy and Postpartum Period. CLINICAL AND EXPERIMENTAL HEALTH SCIENCES 2022. [DOI: 10.33808/clinexphealthsci.770882] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Objective: The purpose of this study was to explore the effect of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) on depression and breastfeeding self-efficacy during pregnancy and the postpartum period.
Methods: This descriptive study was conducted in Obstetrics and Perinatology clinics of two university hospitals in Turkey between July 2016 and June 2017. Women were followed up two times. The first follow-up was performed face-to-face in the gestational week 34th to 38th and the second one was performed by telephone in the 8th week of the postpartum period. In the first follow-up, 104 pregnant women with GDM and 133 pregnant with non-GDM women were interviewed. In the second follow up, 30 women could not be reached in both groups. Data were collected by the Individual Description Form, Edinburgh Postpartum Depression Scale, and Breastfeeding Self-Efficacy Scale-Short Form. Descriptive statistics, repeated measures analysis of variance and correlation analysis were used in the data analysis.
Results: The depression risk of mothers with GDM was found higher compared to non- GDM mothers. No significant difference was found between the depression and breastfeeding self-efficacy mean scores in the antenatal and postpartum period of women by the presence of GDM. There was no significant difference between the depression and breastfeeding self-efficacy mean scores in the antenatal and postpartum period by the presence of GDM and some confounding variables. As the breastfeeding self-efficacy level of mothers with GDM both in the antenatal and postpartum period increased, the depression risk decreased.
Conclusion: In the study, it has been concluded that GDM does not have an impact on depression and breastfeeding self-efficacy during pregnancy and in the postpartum period.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gülşen IŞIK
- İZMİR KATİP ÇELEBİ ÜNİVERSİTESİ, SAĞLIK BİLİMLERİ FAKÜLTESİ, HEMŞİRELİK BÖLÜMÜ, KADIN HASTALIKLARI VE DOĞUM HEMŞİRELİĞİ ANABİLİM DALI
| | - Nuray EGELİOĞLU CETİŞLİ
- İZMİR KATİP ÇELEBİ ÜNİVERSİTESİ, SAĞLIK BİLİMLERİ FAKÜLTESİ, HEMŞİRELİK BÖLÜMÜ, KADIN HASTALIKLARI VE DOĞUM HEMŞİRELİĞİ ANABİLİM DALI
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11
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Nam Y, Yoon S, Baek J, Kim JH, Park M, Hwang K, Kim W. Heat-Killed Lactiplantibacillus plantarum LRCC5314 Mitigates the Effects of Stress-Related Type 2 Diabetes in Mice via Gut Microbiome Modulation. J Microbiol Biotechnol 2022; 32:324-332. [PMID: 34949748 PMCID: PMC9628852 DOI: 10.4014/jmb.2111.11008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2021] [Revised: 12/13/2021] [Accepted: 12/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The incidence of stress-related type 2 diabetes (stress-T2D), which is aggravated by physiological stress, is increasing annually. The effects of Lactobacillus, a key component of probiotics, have been widely studied in diabetes; however, studies on the effects of postbiotics are still limited. Here, we aimed to examine the mechanism through which heat-killed Lactiplantibacillus plantarum LRCC5314 (HK-LRCC5314) alleviates stress-T2D in a cold-induced stress-T2D C57BL/6 mouse model. HK-LRCC5314 markedly decreased body weight gain, adipose tissue (neck, subcutaneous, and epididymal) weight, and fasting glucose levels. In the adipose tissue, mRNA expression levels of stress-T2D associated factors (NPY, Y2R, GLUT4, adiponectin, and leptin) and pro-inflammatory factors (TNF-α, IL-6, and CCL-2) were also altered. Furthermore, HK-LRCC5314 increased the abundance of Barnesiella, Alistipes, and butyrate-producing bacteria, including Akkermansia, in feces and decreased the abundance of Ruminococcus, Dorea, and Clostridium. Thus, these findings suggest that HK-LRCC5314 exerts protective effects against stress-T2D via gut microbiome modulation, suggesting its potential as a supplement for managing stress-T2D.
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Affiliation(s)
- YoHan Nam
- Department of Microbiology, College of Medicine, Chung-Ang University, Seoul 06974, Republic of Korea
| | - Seokmin Yoon
- Department of Microbiology, College of Medicine, Chung-Ang University, Seoul 06974, Republic of Korea,Lotte R&D Center, Seoul 07594, Republic of Korea
| | - Jihye Baek
- Department of Microbiology, College of Medicine, Chung-Ang University, Seoul 06974, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong-Hwa Kim
- Department of Microbiology, College of Medicine, Chung-Ang University, Seoul 06974, Republic of Korea
| | - Miri Park
- Lotte R&D Center, Seoul 07594, Republic of Korea
| | - KwangWoo Hwang
- College of Pharmacy, Chung‐Ang University, Seoul 06974, Republic of Korea
| | - Wonyong Kim
- Department of Microbiology, College of Medicine, Chung-Ang University, Seoul 06974, Republic of Korea,Corresponding author Phone: +82-2-820-5685 Fax: +82-2-822-5685 E-mail:
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12
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Negative affect, childhood adversity, and adolescents' eating following stress. Appetite 2022; 168:105766. [PMID: 34688730 DOI: 10.1016/j.appet.2021.105766] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2021] [Revised: 09/24/2021] [Accepted: 10/18/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Obesity commonly emerges by adolescence and is associated with serious health consequences. Emotional eating (consuming calories, fats, and sugars in response to negative affect) may promote obesity; however, evidence is mixed as to whether negative affect increases obesogenic eating. Early-life adversity may shape malleable neurobiological systems that govern inhibitory control, physiological regulation, coping strategies, and eating behavior, contributing to greater obesogenic eating in response to negative affect. Therefore, this study tested whether childhood adversity moderates the association between negative affect and food consumption in a diverse sample of female adolescents. After completing a childhood adversity assessment, 157 female adolescents (13-17 years; 28.7% African American, 39.5% Hispanic/Latina, 31.8% Non-Hispanic White) rated their negative affect in response to a standard social stress paradigm before consuming a buffet lunch, which was evaluated for calories, added sugars, and solid fats consumed. Results did not support that negative affect exerted a main effect on eating behavior. However, negative affect and childhood adversity interacted to predict calories and solid fats consumed, such that negative affect was associated with more obesogenic eating for those with high adversity exposure but not for those with low adversity exposure. Adversity and affect did not interact to predict added sugars consumed. Findings support that eating patterns in response to negative affect may differ by childhood adversity history. Reducing children's adversity exposure and bolstering emotion regulation techniques for adolescents who have been exposed to adversity may provide pathways to protect health and well-being by reducing maladaptive eating patterns.
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13
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Social and sexual behaviors predict immune system activation, but not adrenocortical activation, in male rhesus macaques. Behav Ecol Sociobiol 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s00265-021-03083-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
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14
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Yang Y, Qu Y, Lv X, Zhao R, Yu J, Hu S, Kang J, Zhang Y, Gong Y, Cui T, Zhang X, Yan Y. Sesamol supplementation alleviates nonalcoholic steatohepatitis and atherosclerosis in high-fat, high carbohydrate and high-cholesterol diet-fed rats. Food Funct 2021; 12:9347-9359. [PMID: 34606548 DOI: 10.1039/d1fo01517f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Sesamol, a major ingredient in sesame seeds (Sesamum indicum L.) and its oil, is considered a powerful functional food ingredient. However, few studies have investigated its effects on high-fat, high carbohydrate and high-cholesterol (HF-HCC) diet-induced nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) complicated with atherosclerosis. The present study elucidates the protective effects of sesamol against NASH and atherosclerosis in HF-HCC diet-fed rats. Sprague-Dawley rats were supplemented with or without sesamol in drinking water (0.05 mg mL-1, 0.1 mg mL-1 and 0.2 mg mL-1) from the beginning to end. At the end of the experiment, sesamol supplementation suppressed HF-HCC diet-induced body weight gain and increased absolute liver and adipose tissue weights in rats. Serum biochemical analyses showed that sesamol supplementation improved HF-HCC diet-induced metabolism disorders and damaged vascular endothelial function. Histological examinations displayed that dietary sesamol not only alleviated hepatic balloon degeneration, steatosis, inflammation and fibrosis, but also mitigated lipid accumulation and fibrous elements in the aorta arch in HF-HCC diet-fed rats. In addition, sesamol supplementation inhibited hepatic NOD-like receptor protein 3 (NLRP3) expression and ERS-IRE1 signaling pathway activation. Moreover, sesamol treatment decreased uric acid levels both in serum and the liver by its effect on the inhibition of xanthine oxidase (XO) activity and/or its expression, which might be closely associated with the inhibitions of NLRP3 expression and ERS-IRE1 signaling pathway activation in HF-HCC diet-fed rats. These findings demonstrated that sesamol alleviated NASH and atherosclerosis in HF-HCC diet-fed rats, and may be a potent dietary supplement for protection against these diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Yang
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Medicinal Resources and Natural Pharmaceutical Chemistry, National Engineering Laboratory for Resource Development of Endangered Crude Drugs in Northwest of China, College of Life Sciences, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an 710119, China.
| | - Yuan Qu
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Medicinal Resources and Natural Pharmaceutical Chemistry, National Engineering Laboratory for Resource Development of Endangered Crude Drugs in Northwest of China, College of Life Sciences, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an 710119, China.
| | - Xiaoqiang Lv
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Medicinal Resources and Natural Pharmaceutical Chemistry, National Engineering Laboratory for Resource Development of Endangered Crude Drugs in Northwest of China, College of Life Sciences, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an 710119, China.
| | - Ruijin Zhao
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Medicinal Resources and Natural Pharmaceutical Chemistry, National Engineering Laboratory for Resource Development of Endangered Crude Drugs in Northwest of China, College of Life Sciences, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an 710119, China.
| | - Jing Yu
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Medicinal Resources and Natural Pharmaceutical Chemistry, National Engineering Laboratory for Resource Development of Endangered Crude Drugs in Northwest of China, College of Life Sciences, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an 710119, China.
| | - Suying Hu
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Medicinal Resources and Natural Pharmaceutical Chemistry, National Engineering Laboratory for Resource Development of Endangered Crude Drugs in Northwest of China, College of Life Sciences, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an 710119, China.
| | - Jingqi Kang
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Medicinal Resources and Natural Pharmaceutical Chemistry, National Engineering Laboratory for Resource Development of Endangered Crude Drugs in Northwest of China, College of Life Sciences, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an 710119, China.
| | - Yaling Zhang
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Medicinal Resources and Natural Pharmaceutical Chemistry, National Engineering Laboratory for Resource Development of Endangered Crude Drugs in Northwest of China, College of Life Sciences, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an 710119, China.
| | - Ye Gong
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Medicinal Resources and Natural Pharmaceutical Chemistry, National Engineering Laboratory for Resource Development of Endangered Crude Drugs in Northwest of China, College of Life Sciences, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an 710119, China.
| | - Tingting Cui
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Medicinal Resources and Natural Pharmaceutical Chemistry, National Engineering Laboratory for Resource Development of Endangered Crude Drugs in Northwest of China, College of Life Sciences, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an 710119, China.
| | - Xin Zhang
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Medicinal Resources and Natural Pharmaceutical Chemistry, National Engineering Laboratory for Resource Development of Endangered Crude Drugs in Northwest of China, College of Life Sciences, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an 710119, China.
| | - Yaping Yan
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Medicinal Resources and Natural Pharmaceutical Chemistry, National Engineering Laboratory for Resource Development of Endangered Crude Drugs in Northwest of China, College of Life Sciences, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an 710119, China.
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Moharrami M, Perez A, Mohebbi SZ, Bassir SH, Amin M. Oral health status of individuals with obsessive-compulsive disorder considering oral hygiene habits. SPECIAL CARE IN DENTISTRY 2021; 42:41-48. [PMID: 34288027 DOI: 10.1111/scd.12632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2021] [Revised: 07/07/2021] [Accepted: 07/09/2021] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
AIMS This study aimed to evaluate the oral health status of individuals with obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD). METHODS Ninety-two participants, aged 18 years and older from which 46 had OCD symptoms, were included in this comparative cross-sectional study. Data on age, sex, smoking habit, educational level, and potential mediators including brushing frequency (BF) and brushing duration (BD) were collected. Clinical examinations determined outcome measures including decayed-missing-filled teeth (DMFT), presence of root caries (PoRC), gingival recession (GR), plaque index (PI), and papillary bleeding index (PBI). Pathway analysis was used for data analysis. RESULTS Individuals with OCD had significantly lower DMFT (p < .01), higher BF (p = .01), and lower PI (p = .01); however, there were no significant differences regarding BD, GR, PBI, and PoRC (p > .05). While BD did not have a mediating role, BF mediated the effect of OCD on DMFT (B = -0.31, CI = -0.60 to -0.06) and PI (B = -0.15, CI = -0.36 to -0.03). Males had less PI (B = -1.03, CI = -1.81 to -0.24) and PBI (B = -1.14, CI = -2.09 to 0.20) than females. Except for OCD and sex, other predictors were not significant. CONCLUSIONS Individuals with OCD had lower caries experience and similar gingival health compared to controls. Part of the impact of OCD was mediated through brushing habits.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Arnaldo Perez
- School of Dentistry, Faculty of Medicine & Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Simin Zahra Mohebbi
- Department of Community Oral Health, School of Dentistry, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Seyed Hossein Bassir
- Department of Periodontology, School of Dental Medicine, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York, USA
| | - Maryam Amin
- School of Dentistry, Faculty of Medicine & Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
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Kashuba R, Menzie C, Martin L. Risk of cardiovascular disease is driven by different combinations of environmental, medical and behavioral factors: Building a conceptual model for cumulative risk assessment. HUMAN AND ECOLOGICAL RISK ASSESSMENT : HERA 2021; 27:1-24. [PMID: 36959834 PMCID: PMC10031754 DOI: 10.1080/10807039.2021.1925083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2021] [Revised: 04/29/2021] [Accepted: 04/29/2021] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) and National Institute of Environmental Health (NIEHS) held a workshop in 2012 to discuss principles and applications of cumulative risk assessment (CRA). The workshop organizers chose cardiovascular disease (CVD) as an example health outcome for which cumulative risk considerations could illuminate environmental and health management strategies. To guide discussions, we developed a series of conceptual models illustrating factors influencing CVD. The CVD conceptual model represents complex processes across varying space and time scales, different causal pathways, and multiple chemical and non-chemical stressors and factors. It includes causal influences of environmental exposures and lifestyle choices, in the context of genetics and medical factors. The representation of cumulative risk as a network of interrelated nodes and arrows helps define and organize the problem and available information, determine the scope and scale, and creates a platform for analysis. It provides an interface for discussing how different entities (e.g., environmental versus health-driven organizations) can work together on different parts of the problem, and facilitates relative risk ranking and management triage. Color coding is used to distinguish categories of stressors and possible oversight responsibility. This work informs guidelines for CRA planning and assessment of factor combinations affecting real-world risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roxolana Kashuba
- EcoScience Practice, Exponent Washington, DC, USA, currently Office of Research and Development, US Environmental Protection Agency, 1200 Pennsylvania Ave. NW, Washington, DC, 20460, USA
| | - Charles Menzie
- EcoScience Practice, Exponent, 420 Lexington Ave # 1740, New York, NY, 10170, USA
| | - Lawrence Martin
- Office of Research and Development, US Environmental Protection Agency, 1200 Pennsylvania Ave. NW, Washington, DC, 20460, USA
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17
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Perlmutter A. Immunological Interfaces: The COVID-19 Pandemic and Depression. Front Neurol 2021; 12:657004. [PMID: 33967944 PMCID: PMC8102701 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2021.657004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2021] [Accepted: 03/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Since the start of the spread of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, an international effort has sought to better characterize associated extra-pulmonary health sequelae. The acute and or chronic detrimental impact of SARS-CoV-2 infection on mental health, especially depression, is increasingly described. Simultaneously the pandemic has influenced depressive symptomatology by modifying economic, social and political structures, in addition to affecting daily routines. In both cases, associated immunological perturbations favoring a pro-inflammatory state could underlie an increased risk for depressive symptomatology. A resultant elevation in global depressive burden could further tax mental health care infrastructure and contribute to a range of worse health outcomes including diminished quality of life. This suggests a critical and time-sensitive need to better understand immune interfaces between depression and COVID-19.
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18
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Kluwe B, Ortiz R, Odei JB, Zhao S, Kline D, Brock G, Echouffo-Tcheugui JB, Lee JM, Lazarus S, Seeman T, Greenland P, Needham B, Carnethon MR, Golden SH, Joseph JJ. The association of cortisol curve features with incident diabetes among whites and African Americans: The CARDIA study. Psychoneuroendocrinology 2021; 123:105041. [PMID: 33227536 PMCID: PMC8046489 DOI: 10.1016/j.psyneuen.2020.105041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2020] [Revised: 10/16/2020] [Accepted: 10/26/2020] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION A flatter diurnal cortisol curve has been associated with incident diabetes among older white adults. However, this relationship has not been examined among middle-aged individuals or African Americans [AA]. We analyzed the longitudinal association of baseline diurnal cortisol curve features with incident diabetes over a 10 year period in a cohort of AA and white participants who were, on average, 40 years old. METHODS Salivary cortisol was collected immediately post-awakening, then subsequently 45 min, 2.5 h, 8 h, and 12 h later, as well as at bedtime. Cortisol curve features included wake-up cortisol; cortisol awakening response (CAR); early, late, and overall decline slopes; bedtime cortisol; and 16 -h area under the curve (AUC). Salivary cortisol (nmol/L) was log-transformed due to positively skewed distributions. Diabetes was defined as fasting plasma glucose ≥ 126 mg/dL or taking diabetes medication. Logistic regression models were used to investigate the association of log-transformed cortisol curve features with incident diabetes. The analysis was stratified by race and adjusted for age, sex, education, depressive symptoms, smoking status, beta-blocker and steroid medication use and BMI. RESULTS Among 376 AA and 333 white participants (mean age 40 years), 67 incident diabetes cases occurred over 10 years. After full adjustment for additional covariates, a 1-unit log increase in CAR was associated with a 53 % lower odds of incident diabetes among whites (Odds Ratio [OR] 0.47, 95 % CI: 0.24, 0.90). A 1-SD increase in late decline slope was associated with a 416 % higher odds of incident diabetes among whites (OR 5.16, 95 % CI: 1.32, 20.20). There were no significant associations in AAs. CONCLUSION A robust CAR and flatter late decline slope are associated with lower and higher odds of incident diabetes, respectively, among younger to middle-aged whites and may provide a future target for diabetes prevention in this population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bjorn Kluwe
- The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, OH, United States
| | - Robin Ortiz
- Department of Internal Medicine and Pediatrics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - James B Odei
- Division of Biostatistics, The Ohio State University College of Public Health, Columbus, OH, United States
| | - Songzhu Zhao
- The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, OH, United States
| | - David Kline
- The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, OH, United States
| | - Guy Brock
- The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, OH, United States
| | - Justin B Echouffo-Tcheugui
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Ju-Mi Lee
- Department of Preventative Medicine, Eulji University College of Medicine, Daejeon, South Korea
| | - Sophie Lazarus
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Health, The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, OH, United States
| | - Teresa Seeman
- Division of Geriatrics, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California-Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Philip Greenland
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Belinda Needham
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
| | - Mercedes R Carnethon
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Sherita H Golden
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Joshua J Joseph
- The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, OH, United States.
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Pheiffer C, Dias S, Adam S. Intimate Partner Violence: A Risk Factor for Gestational Diabetes. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2020; 17:ijerph17217843. [PMID: 33114711 PMCID: PMC7663316 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17217843] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2020] [Revised: 10/14/2020] [Accepted: 10/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
The early detection and management of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is an important public health goal. GDM, which is defined as a glucose intolerance that develops during pregnancy, affects about 14% of pregnancies globally, and without effective treatment, it is associated with adverse short- and long-term maternal and neonatal outcomes. Risk-factor screening is an acceptable and affordable strategy to enable risk stratification and intervention. However, common biological risk factors such as overweight or obesity, excessive gestational weight gain, and family history of diabetes often have poor predictive ability, failing to identify a large proportion of women at risk of developing GDM. Accumulating evidence implicate psychosocial factors in contributing to GDM risk. As such, intimate partner violence (IPV), through its contributing effects on maternal stress and depression, presents a plausible risk factor for GDM. Experiencing IPV during pregnancy may dysregulate the hypothalamus-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis, leading to increased cortisol secretion and insulin resistance. These effects may exacerbate the insulin-resistant environment characteristic of pregnancy, thus increasing GDM risk. This review explores the relationship between IPV and GDM. We highlight studies that have linked IPV with GDM and propose a biological mechanism that connects IPV and GDM. Recommendations for IPV screening strategies to prevent GDM are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carmen Pheiffer
- Biomedical Research and Innovation Platform (BRIP), South African Medical Research Council, P.O. Box 19070, Tygerberg, Cape Town 7505, South Africa;
- Division of Medical Physiology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, P.O. Box 19063, Tygerberg, Cape Town 7505, South Africa
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +27-21-938-0292
| | - Stephanie Dias
- Biomedical Research and Innovation Platform (BRIP), South African Medical Research Council, P.O. Box 19070, Tygerberg, Cape Town 7505, South Africa;
| | - Sumaiya Adam
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Pretoria, Private Bag X169, Pretoria 0001, South Africa;
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Hurt TR, Francis SL, Seawell AH, Krisco MP, Flynn MH, O'Connor MC, Rudolph CS, Hill A. Revising Diabetes Programming for Black Men and Their Families. Glob Qual Nurs Res 2020; 7:2333393620960183. [PMID: 33088849 PMCID: PMC7545759 DOI: 10.1177/2333393620960183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2020] [Revised: 08/25/2020] [Accepted: 08/31/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Type-2 diabetes has increased 160% for African American males in the United States. This two-part study's purpose was to apply social marketing theory to understand the Type-2 diabetes education needs of men in Iowa. Study One was a preference assessment of Type-2 diabetes education strategies. Four African American men participated in a series of four focus groups and indicated that they were interested in diabetes prevention programming with their families but not in having it labeled as diabetes education. Participating men would rather increase their physical activity as opposed to tracking their food intake. As a follow-up to this study, nine other African American males took part in Study Two, which used cooking demonstrations and recipe taste-testing with the men to examine their relationship to food in the context of managing their Type-2 diabetes. The findings of both studies, which provided insight into these African American men's lifestyle as related to their Type-2 diabetes, could be useful for nursing professionals who have a critical role in navigating cultural, gender, and family norms while developing care plans, offering patient education, and promoting quality of life.
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21
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Liang YZ, Li JJH, Xiao HB, He Y, Zhang L, Yan YX. Identification of stress-related microRNA biomarkers in type 2 diabetes mellitus: A systematic review and meta-analysis. J Diabetes 2020; 12:633-644. [PMID: 29341487 DOI: 10.1111/1753-0407.12643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2017] [Revised: 10/30/2017] [Accepted: 01/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Many studies have investigated microRNAs (miRNAs) in the detection of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Herein, the dysregulated direction of stress-related miRNAs used as biomarkers of T2DM are summarized and analyzed. METHODS PubMed, EMBASE, ISI Web of Science, and three Chinese databases were searched for case-control miRNA profiling studies about T2DM. A meta-analysis under a random effect was performed. Subgroup analysis was conducted based on different tissues and species. Sensitivity analysis was conducted to confirm the robustness among studies. The effect size was pooled using ln odds ratios (ORs), 95% confidence intervals (95% CIs), and P-values. RESULTS The present meta-analysis included 39 case-control studies with a total of 494 miRNAs. Only 33 miRNAs were reported in three or more studies and, of these, 18 were inconsistent in their direction of dysregulation. Two significantly dysregulated miRNAs (let-7 g and miR-155) were identified in the meta-analysis. Four miRNAs (miR-142-3p, miR-155, miR-21, and miR-34c-5p) were dysregulated in patients with T2DM, whereas five miRNAs (miR-146a, miR-199a-3p, miR-200b, miR-29b and miR-30e) were dysregulated in animal models of diabetes. In addition, two dysregulated miRNAs (miR-146a and miR-21) were highly cornea specific and heart specific. In sensitivity analysis, only miR-155 was still significantly dysregulated after removing studies with small sample sizes. CONCLUSIONS The present meta-analysis revealed that 16 stress-related miRNAs were significantly dysregulated in T2DM. MiR-148b, miR-223, miR-130a, miR-19a, miR-26b and miR-27b were selected as potential circulating biomarkers of T2DM. In addition, miR-146a and miR-21 were identified as potential tissue biomarkers of T2DM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying-Zhi Liang
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Municipal Key Laboratory of Clinical Epidemiology, Beijing, China
| | - Jia-Jiang-Hui Li
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Municipal Key Laboratory of Clinical Epidemiology, Beijing, China
| | - Huan-Bo Xiao
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Yanjing Medical College, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Yan He
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Municipal Key Laboratory of Clinical Epidemiology, Beijing, China
| | - Ling Zhang
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Municipal Key Laboratory of Clinical Epidemiology, Beijing, China
| | - Yu-Xiang Yan
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Municipal Key Laboratory of Clinical Epidemiology, Beijing, China
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22
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Yan YX, Xiao HB, Zhang J, Wang S, Dong J, Wu LJ. Pri-miR-144 rs9279 is associated with type 2 diabetes and regulation of stress response. J Cell Physiol 2020; 236:561-569. [PMID: 32557658 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.29883] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2020] [Revised: 06/04/2020] [Accepted: 06/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of microRNAs (miRNAs) may alter miRNA expression, binding affinity, and/or messenger RNA expression levels of the target genes, thus leading to disease susceptibility. This study explored the association between SNPs in neuroendocrine stress response-related miRNAs and type 2 diabetes (T2D). In the screening stage, the association between six candidate SNPs of miRNAs and T2D was analyzed in a case-control study including 504 T2D cases and 494 healthy controls. Homozygous GG genotype of pri-miR-144 rs9279 showed significant association with increased risk of T2D compared with homozygous TT genotype (adjusted odds ratio [OR] = 1.62, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.07-2.45; p = .023) and the combined TT/TG genotype (adjusted OR = 1.59, 95% CI: 1.08-2.36; p = .020). In the validation stage, the association was further validated in a second independent set of subjects. The GG genotype showed consistent directions and effect sizes that were identified in previous additive and recessive models. The expression levels of miRNAs were further compared between different genotypes in the 179 newly diagnosed cases and 183 frequency-matched healthy controls. As a result, the GG genotype carriers had significantly upregulated expression of plasma miR-144 and cortisol, as compared to individuals with TT and TG genotypes, respectively, in total subjects and subgroups (p < .05). Eventually, NR3C1 was proved to be a stress-related target gene of miR-144, indicating that pri-miR-144 rs9279 may contribute to the development of T2D by altering regulation of stress response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Xiang Yan
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.,Municipal Key Laboratory of Clinical Epidemiology, Beijing, China
| | - Huan-Bo Xiao
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Yanjing Medical College, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Jie Zhang
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.,Municipal Key Laboratory of Clinical Epidemiology, Beijing, China
| | - Shuo Wang
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.,Municipal Key Laboratory of Clinical Epidemiology, Beijing, China
| | - Jing Dong
- Health Management Center, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Li-Juan Wu
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.,Municipal Key Laboratory of Clinical Epidemiology, Beijing, China
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23
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Kiarash Fekri, Nayebi AM, Sadigh-Eteghad S, Farajdokht F, Mahmoudi J. The Neurochemical Changes Involved in Immobilization Stress-Induced Anxiety and Depression: Roles for Oxidative Stress and Neuroinflammation. NEUROCHEM J+ 2020. [DOI: 10.1134/s181971242002004x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
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24
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Lee KW, Ching SM, Devaraj NK, Chong SC, Lim SY, Loh HC, Abdul Hamid H. Diabetes in Pregnancy and Risk of Antepartum Depression: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Cohort Studies. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2020; 17:ijerph17113767. [PMID: 32466479 PMCID: PMC7311953 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17113767] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2020] [Revised: 05/18/2020] [Accepted: 05/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Previous literature has reported that patients with diabetes in pregnancy (DIP) are at risk of developing antepartum depression but the results have been inconsistent in cohort studies. We conducted a systematic review and performed a meta-analysis to quantify the association between DIP and risk of antepartum depression in cohort studies. Medline, Cinahl, and PubMed databases were searched for studies investigating DIP involving pregnant women with pre-existing diabetes and gestational diabetes mellitus and their risk of antepartum depression that were published in journals from inception to 27 December 2019. We derived the summary estimates using a random-effects model and reported the findings as pooled relative risks (RR) and confidence interval (CI). Publication bias was assessed using a funnel plot and was quantified by Egger and Begg’s tests. Ten studies, involving 71,036 pregnant women were included in this meta-analysis. The pooled RR to develop antepartum depression was (RR = 1.430, 95% CI: 1.251–1.636) among women with gestational diabetes mellitus. Combining pregnant women with pre-existing diabetes mellitus and gestational diabetes mellitus, they had a significant increased risk of developing antepartum depression (RR = 1.431, 95% CI: 1.205–1.699) compared with those without it. In comparison, we found no association between pre-existing diabetes mellitus in pregnancy (RR = 1.300, 95% CI: 0.736–2.297) and the risk of developing antepartum depression. This study has a few limitations: first, different questionnaire and cut-off points were used in evaluation of depression across the studies. Second, there was a lack of data on history of depression prior to pregnancy, which lead to confounding bias that could not be solved by this meta-analysis. Third, data were dominated by studies in Western countries; this is due to the studies from Eastern countries failing to meet our inclusion criteria for statistical analysis. Women with gestational diabetes mellitus have an increased risk of developing antepartum depression compared to those without the disease. Therefore, more attention on the mental health status should be given on pregnant women diagnosed with pre-existing diabetes mellitus and gestational diabetes mellitus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Wei Lee
- Department of Family Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Selangor 43400, Malaysia; (K.W.L.); (N.K.D.)
| | - Siew Mooi Ching
- Department of Family Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Selangor 43400, Malaysia; (K.W.L.); (N.K.D.)
- Malaysian Research Institute on Ageing, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Selangor 43400, Malaysia
- Correspondence:
| | - Navin Kumar Devaraj
- Department of Family Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Selangor 43400, Malaysia; (K.W.L.); (N.K.D.)
- Malaysian Research Institute on Ageing, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Selangor 43400, Malaysia
| | - Seng Choi Chong
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Selangor 43400, Malaysia;
| | - Sook Yee Lim
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Selangor 43400, Malaysia;
| | - Hong Chuan Loh
- Clinical Research Centre, Hospital Seberang Jaya, Ministry of Health Malaysia, Perai 13700, Pulau Pinang, Malaysia;
| | - Habibah Abdul Hamid
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Selangor 43400, Malaysia;
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25
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Speer KE, Semple S, McKune AJ. Acute Physiological Responses Following a Bout of Vigorous Exercise in Military Soldiers and First Responders with PTSD: An Exploratory Pilot Study. Behav Sci (Basel) 2020; 10:bs10020059. [PMID: 32069784 PMCID: PMC7071390 DOI: 10.3390/bs10020059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2019] [Revised: 02/03/2020] [Accepted: 02/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is a prevalent and debilitating condition associated with psychological conditions and chronic diseases that may be underpinned by dysfunction in the autonomic nervous system (ANS), the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis and chronic systemic low-grade inflammation. The objective of this pilot study was to determine psychological, ANS [heart rate variability (HRV)], HPA (salivary cortisol) and inflammatory (salivary C-Reactive Protein) responses to a bout of vigorous exercise in male first responders, military veterans and active duty personnel with (n = 4) and without (n = 4) PTSD. Participants (50.1 ± 14.8 years) performed a thirteen-minute, vigorous intensity (70%–80% of heart rate max), one-on-one boxing session with a certified coach. Physiological and psychological parameters were measured before, during, immediately after to 30 min post-exercise, and then at 24 h and 48 h post. The effect sizes demonstrated large to very large reductions in HRV that lasted up to 48 h post-exercise in the PTSD group compared with unclear effects in the trauma-exposed control (TEC) group. There were unclear effects for depression, anxiety and stress as well as salivary biomarkers for both groups at all time-points. Findings may reflect stress-induced changes to the ANS for PTSD sufferers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathryn E Speer
- Faculty of Health, Discipline of Sport and Exercise Science, University of Canberra, Canberra 2617 (ACT), Australia; (S.S.); or (A.J.M.)
- Research Institute for Sport and Exercise Science, University of Canberra, Canberra 2617 (ACT), Australia
- Correspondence:
| | - Stuart Semple
- Faculty of Health, Discipline of Sport and Exercise Science, University of Canberra, Canberra 2617 (ACT), Australia; (S.S.); or (A.J.M.)
- Research Institute for Sport and Exercise Science, University of Canberra, Canberra 2617 (ACT), Australia
| | - Andrew J McKune
- Faculty of Health, Discipline of Sport and Exercise Science, University of Canberra, Canberra 2617 (ACT), Australia; (S.S.); or (A.J.M.)
- Research Institute for Sport and Exercise Science, University of Canberra, Canberra 2617 (ACT), Australia
- Discipline of Biokinetics, Exercise and Leisure Sciences, School of Health Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban (KwaZulu-Natal) 4041, South Africa
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26
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Hu LF, Feng J, Dai X, Sun Y, Xiong M, Lai L, Zhong S, Yi C, Chen G, Li H, Yang Q, Kuang Q, Long T, Zhan J, Tang T, Ge C, Tan J, Xu M. Oral flavonoid fisetin treatment protects against prolonged high-fat-diet-induced cardiac dysfunction by regulation of multicombined signaling. J Nutr Biochem 2019; 77:108253. [PMID: 31835147 DOI: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2019.108253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2019] [Revised: 08/03/2019] [Accepted: 09/16/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Excess high-fat diet (HFD) intake predisposes the occurrence of obesity-associated heart injury, but the mechanism is elusive. Fisetin (FIS), as a natural flavonoid, has potential activities to alleviate obesity-induced metabolic syndrome. However, the underlying molecular mechanisms of FIS against HFD-induced cardiac injury remain unclear. The present study was to explore the protective effects of FIS on cardiac dysfunction in HFD-fed mice. We found that FIS alleviated HFD-triggered metabolic disorder by reducing body weight, fasting blood glucose and insulin levels, and insulin resistance. Moreover, FIS supplements significantly alleviated dyslipidemia in both mouse hearts and cardiomyocytes stimulated by metabolic stress. FIS treatment abolished HFD-induced inflammatory response in heart tissues through suppressing TNF receptor-1/TNF receptor-associated factor-2 (Tnfr-1/Traf-2) signaling. Furthermore, FIS induced a strong reduction in the expression of fibrosis-related genes, contributing to the inhibition of fibrosis by inactivating transforming growth factor (Tgf)-β1/Smads/Erk1/2 signaling. Collectively, these results demonstrated that FIS could be a promising therapeutic strategy for the treatment of obesity-associated cardiac injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin-Feng Hu
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Medicinal Resources in the Three Gorges Reservoir Region, School of Biological and Chemical Engineering, Chongqing University of Education, Chongqing 400067, PR China; Research Center of Brain Intellectual Promotion and Development for Children Aged 0-6 Years, Chongqing University of Education, Chongqing 400067, PR China
| | - Jing Feng
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Medicinal Resources in the Three Gorges Reservoir Region, School of Biological and Chemical Engineering, Chongqing University of Education, Chongqing 400067, PR China; Research Center of Brain Intellectual Promotion and Development for Children Aged 0-6 Years, Chongqing University of Education, Chongqing 400067, PR China
| | - Xianling Dai
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Medicinal Resources in the Three Gorges Reservoir Region, School of Biological and Chemical Engineering, Chongqing University of Education, Chongqing 400067, PR China; Research Center of Brain Intellectual Promotion and Development for Children Aged 0-6 Years, Chongqing University of Education, Chongqing 400067, PR China
| | - Yan Sun
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Medicinal Resources in the Three Gorges Reservoir Region, School of Biological and Chemical Engineering, Chongqing University of Education, Chongqing 400067, PR China; Research Center of Brain Intellectual Promotion and Development for Children Aged 0-6 Years, Chongqing University of Education, Chongqing 400067, PR China
| | - Mingxin Xiong
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Medicinal Resources in the Three Gorges Reservoir Region, School of Biological and Chemical Engineering, Chongqing University of Education, Chongqing 400067, PR China; Research Center of Brain Intellectual Promotion and Development for Children Aged 0-6 Years, Chongqing University of Education, Chongqing 400067, PR China
| | - Lili Lai
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Medicinal Resources in the Three Gorges Reservoir Region, School of Biological and Chemical Engineering, Chongqing University of Education, Chongqing 400067, PR China; Research Center of Brain Intellectual Promotion and Development for Children Aged 0-6 Years, Chongqing University of Education, Chongqing 400067, PR China
| | - Shaoyu Zhong
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Medicinal Resources in the Three Gorges Reservoir Region, School of Biological and Chemical Engineering, Chongqing University of Education, Chongqing 400067, PR China; Research Center of Brain Intellectual Promotion and Development for Children Aged 0-6 Years, Chongqing University of Education, Chongqing 400067, PR China
| | - Chao Yi
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Medicinal Resources in the Three Gorges Reservoir Region, School of Biological and Chemical Engineering, Chongqing University of Education, Chongqing 400067, PR China; Research Center of Brain Intellectual Promotion and Development for Children Aged 0-6 Years, Chongqing University of Education, Chongqing 400067, PR China
| | - Geng Chen
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Medicinal Resources in the Three Gorges Reservoir Region, School of Biological and Chemical Engineering, Chongqing University of Education, Chongqing 400067, PR China; Research Center of Brain Intellectual Promotion and Development for Children Aged 0-6 Years, Chongqing University of Education, Chongqing 400067, PR China
| | - Huanhuan Li
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Medicinal Resources in the Three Gorges Reservoir Region, School of Biological and Chemical Engineering, Chongqing University of Education, Chongqing 400067, PR China; Research Center of Brain Intellectual Promotion and Development for Children Aged 0-6 Years, Chongqing University of Education, Chongqing 400067, PR China
| | - Qiufeng Yang
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Medicinal Resources in the Three Gorges Reservoir Region, School of Biological and Chemical Engineering, Chongqing University of Education, Chongqing 400067, PR China; Research Center of Brain Intellectual Promotion and Development for Children Aged 0-6 Years, Chongqing University of Education, Chongqing 400067, PR China
| | - Qin Kuang
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Medicinal Resources in the Three Gorges Reservoir Region, School of Biological and Chemical Engineering, Chongqing University of Education, Chongqing 400067, PR China; Research Center of Brain Intellectual Promotion and Development for Children Aged 0-6 Years, Chongqing University of Education, Chongqing 400067, PR China
| | - Tingting Long
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Medicinal Resources in the Three Gorges Reservoir Region, School of Biological and Chemical Engineering, Chongqing University of Education, Chongqing 400067, PR China; Research Center of Brain Intellectual Promotion and Development for Children Aged 0-6 Years, Chongqing University of Education, Chongqing 400067, PR China
| | - Jianxia Zhan
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Medicinal Resources in the Three Gorges Reservoir Region, School of Biological and Chemical Engineering, Chongqing University of Education, Chongqing 400067, PR China; Research Center of Brain Intellectual Promotion and Development for Children Aged 0-6 Years, Chongqing University of Education, Chongqing 400067, PR China
| | - Tingting Tang
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Medicinal Resources in the Three Gorges Reservoir Region, School of Biological and Chemical Engineering, Chongqing University of Education, Chongqing 400067, PR China; Research Center of Brain Intellectual Promotion and Development for Children Aged 0-6 Years, Chongqing University of Education, Chongqing 400067, PR China
| | - Chenxu Ge
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Medicinal Resources in the Three Gorges Reservoir Region, School of Biological and Chemical Engineering, Chongqing University of Education, Chongqing 400067, PR China; Research Center of Brain Intellectual Promotion and Development for Children Aged 0-6 Years, Chongqing University of Education, Chongqing 400067, PR China.
| | - Jun Tan
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Medicinal Resources in the Three Gorges Reservoir Region, School of Biological and Chemical Engineering, Chongqing University of Education, Chongqing 400067, PR China; Research Center of Brain Intellectual Promotion and Development for Children Aged 0-6 Years, Chongqing University of Education, Chongqing 400067, PR China.
| | - Minxuan Xu
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Medicinal Resources in the Three Gorges Reservoir Region, School of Biological and Chemical Engineering, Chongqing University of Education, Chongqing 400067, PR China; Research Center of Brain Intellectual Promotion and Development for Children Aged 0-6 Years, Chongqing University of Education, Chongqing 400067, PR China.
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27
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Knight JM, Rizzo JD, Wang T, He N, Logan BR, Spellman SR, Lee SJ, Verneris MR, Arevalo JMG, Cole SW. Molecular Correlates of Socioeconomic Status and Clinical Outcomes Following Hematopoietic Cell Transplantation for Leukemia. JNCI Cancer Spectr 2019; 3:pkz073. [PMID: 31763620 PMCID: PMC6859844 DOI: 10.1093/jncics/pkz073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2018] [Revised: 07/24/2019] [Accepted: 09/09/2019] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Clinical outcomes among allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplant (HCT) recipients are negatively affected by low socioeconomic status (SES), yet the biological mechanisms accounting for this health disparity remain to be elucidated. Among unrelated donor HCT recipients with acute myelogenous leukemia, one recent pilot study linked low SES to increased expression of a stress-related gene expression profile known as the conserved transcriptional response to adversity (CTRA) in peripheral blood mononuclear cells, which involves up-regulation of pro-inflammatory genes and down-regulation of genes involved in type I interferon response and antibody synthesis. Methods This study examined these relationships using additional measures in a larger archival sample of 261 adults who received an unrelated donor HCT for acute myelogenous leukemia to 1) identify cellular and molecular mechanisms involved in SES-related differences in pre-transplant leukocyte transcriptome profiles, and 2) evaluate pre-transplant CTRA biology associations with clinical outcomes through multivariable analysis controlling for demographic-, disease-, and transplant-related covariates. Results Low SES individuals showed increases in classic monocyte activation and pro-inflammatory transcription control pathways as well as decreases in activation of nonclassic monocytes, all consistent with the CTRA biological pattern. Transplant recipients in the highest or lowest quartiles of the CTRA pro-inflammatory gene component had a more than 2-fold elevated hazard of relapse (hazard ratio [HR] = 2.47, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.44 to 4.24), P = .001; HR = 2.52, 95% CI = 1.46 to 4.34, P = .001) and more than 20% reduction in leukemia-free survival (HR = 1.57, 95% CI = 1.08 to 2.28, P = .012; HR = 1.49, 95% CI = 1.04 to 2.15, P = .03) compared with the middle quartiles. Conclusions These findings identify SES- and CTRA-associated myeloid- and inflammation-related transcriptome signatures in recipient pre-transplant blood samples as a potential novel predictive biomarker of HCT-related clinical outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - J Douglas Rizzo
- See the Notes section for the full list of authors' affiliations
| | - Tao Wang
- See the Notes section for the full list of authors' affiliations
| | - Naya He
- See the Notes section for the full list of authors' affiliations
| | - Brent R Logan
- See the Notes section for the full list of authors' affiliations
| | | | - Stephanie J Lee
- See the Notes section for the full list of authors' affiliations
| | | | | | - Steve W Cole
- See the Notes section for the full list of authors' affiliations
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28
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Afrisham R, Paknejad M, Soliemanifar O, Sadegh-Nejadi S, Meshkani R, Ashtary-Larky D. The Influence of Psychological Stress on the Initiation and Progression of Diabetes and Cancer. Int J Endocrinol Metab 2019; 17:e67400. [PMID: 31372166 PMCID: PMC6628619 DOI: 10.5812/ijem.67400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2018] [Revised: 01/27/2019] [Accepted: 02/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
CONTEXT Psychological stress can be considered a risk factor for the initiation and progression of many pathological conditions, including type 1 and 2 diabetes mellitus and cancer. OBJECTIVES The aim of this review article was to evaluate the molecular and cellular mechanisms linking psychological stress to the onset and progression of diabetes and cancer. EVIDENCE ACQUISITION The current review was conducted to survey and analyze studies related to the effects of psychological stress on diabetes and cancer. RESULTS Psychological stress may make individuals prone to the development of diabetes through the impairment of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis function, sympathetic nerves system (SNS), lipid profile, cytokines balance, renin-angiotensin system (RAS), and insulin signaling pathway. Additionally, psychological stress can contribute to the development of cancer through the perturbation in the HPA axis, SNS function, and cytokines balance. Psychological stress is also capable of decreasing the levels of oxytocin and dopamine, leading to an increased risk of cancer in susceptible individuals. CONCLUSIONS It seems that psychological stress plays a significant role in the onset and progression of diabetes and cancer. The identification of the pathways triggered by psychological stress would open up a new avenue for the understanding of molecular mechanisms by which diabetes and cancer could be managed or even prevented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reza Afrisham
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Corresponding Author: Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. Tel: +98-9169396300,
| | - Maliheh Paknejad
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Omid Soliemanifar
- General Department of Education in Khuzestan Province, Department of Education in the City of Khorramshahr, Khorramshahr, Iran
| | - Sahar Sadegh-Nejadi
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Reza Meshkani
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Damoon Ashtary-Larky
- Nutrition and Metabolic Diseases Research Center, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
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Mocayar Marón FJ, Ferder L, Saraví FD, Manucha W. Hypertension linked to allostatic load: from psychosocial stress to inflammation and mitochondrial dysfunction. Stress 2019; 22:169-181. [PMID: 30547701 DOI: 10.1080/10253890.2018.1542683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Although a large number of available treatments and strategies, the prevalence of cardiovascular diseases continues to grow worldwide. Emerging evidence supports the notion of counteracting stress as a critical component of a comprehensive therapeutic strategy for cardiovascular disease. Indeed, an unhealthy lifestyle is a burden to biological variables such as plasma glucose, lipid profile, and blood pressure control. Recent findings identify allostatic load as a new paradigm for an integrated understanding of the importance of psychosocial stress and its impact on the development and maintenance of cardiovascular disease. Allostasis complement homeostasis and integrates behavioral and physiological mechanisms by which genes, early experiences, environment, lifestyle, diet, sleep, and physical exercise can modulate and adapt biological responses at the cellular level. For example, variability is a physiological characteristic of blood pressure necessary for survival and the allostatic load in hypertension can contribute to its related cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. Therefore, the current review will focus on the mechanisms that link hypertension to allostatic load, which includes psychosocial stress, inflammation, and mitochondrial dysfunction. We will describe and discuss new insights on neuroendocrine-immune effects linked to allostatic load and its impact on the cellular and molecular responses; the links between allostatic load, inflammation, and endothelial dysfunction; the epidemiological evidence supporting the pathophysiological origins of hypertension; and the biological embedding of allostatic load and hypertension with an emphasis on mitochondrial dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feres José Mocayar Marón
- a Área de Química Biológica, Departamento de Morfofisiología, Facultad de Ciencias Médicas , Universidad Nacional de Cuyo , Mendoza , Argentina
| | - León Ferder
- b Department of Pediatrics , Nephrology Division, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami , FL , USA
| | - Fernando Daniel Saraví
- c Instituto de Fisiología, Departamento de Morfofisiología, Facultad de Ciencias Médicas , Universidad Nacional de Cuyo , Mendoza , Argentina
| | - Walter Manucha
- d Área de Farmacología, Departamento de Patología, Facultad de Ciencias Médicas , Universidad Nacional de Cuyo , Mendoza , Argentina
- e Instituto de Medicina y Biología Experimental de Cuyo (IMBECU), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Tecnológicas (CONICET) , Mendoza , Argentina
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30
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Koraishy FM, Salas J, Neylan TC, Cohen BE, Schnurr PP, Clouston S, Scherrer JF. "Association of Severity of Posttraumatic Stress Disorder With Inflammation: Using Total White Blood Cell Count as a Marker". CHRONIC STRESS 2019; 3. [PMID: 32154489 PMCID: PMC7061332 DOI: 10.1177/2470547019877651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Background Inflammation is known to be associated with posttraumatic stress disorder. It
is not known if total white blood cell count, a routinely checked
inflammatory marker, is associated with posttraumatic stress disorder
symptom trajectories using medical record data. Methods We used latent class growth analysis to identify three-year posttraumatic
stress disorder symptom trajectories using posttraumatic stress disorder
(PTSD) Checklist (PCL) scores. The outcome for each patient was maximum
white blood cell count from index posttraumatic stress disorder diagnosis to
last PCL. Using linear regression analysis, we then
calculated and compared the average white blood cell count for each
trajectory before and after controlling for age, gender, race, obesity,
smoking, diabetes, hypertension, cardiovascular disease, depression, and
other comorbid inflammatory conditions. Results Patients were 40.2 (SD ± 13.5) years of age, 83.7% males and 67.9% white. We
identified three PCL trajectory groups based on symptom severity over time:
“moderate-large decrease,” “moderate-severe-slight decrease,” and
“severe-persistent.” In adjusted analyses, “severe-persistent” versus
“moderate-large decrease” had significantly higher white blood cell count
(B = 0.64; 95%CI = 0.18, 1.09; p = .006). Although non-significant,
“moderate-severe-slight decrease” versus “moderate-large decrease” also had
a higher white blood cell count (B = 0.42; 95% CI: −0.02, 0.86;
p = .061). Conclusion Persistently severe posttraumatic stress disorder is associated with a higher
white blood cell count than improving posttraumatic stress disorder. White
blood cell appears to have utility for measuring the association between
psychiatric disorders and inflammation in retrospective cohort studies
involving large administrative medical record data bases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farrukh M Koraishy
- Nephrology Section, VA St. Louis Health Care System, John Cochran Division and Department of Internal Medicine, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Joanne Salas
- Department of Family and Community Medicine, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Thomas C Neylan
- Psychiatry Service, San Francisco VA Health Care System and Department of Psychiatry, University of San Francisco School of Medicine, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Beth E Cohen
- General Internal Medicine, San Francisco VA Health Care System and Department of Medicine, University of San Francisco School of Medicine, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Paula P Schnurr
- National Center for PTSD, White River Junction, VT, and Department of Psychiatry, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Hanover, NH, USA
| | - Sean Clouston
- Department of Family, Population and Preventive Medicine, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, USA
| | - Jeffrey F Scherrer
- Department of Family and Community Medicine, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
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Gowey MA, Khodneva Y, Tison SE, Carson AP, Cherrington AL, Howard VJ, Safford MM, Dutton GR. Depressive symptoms, perceived stress, and metabolic health: The REGARDS study. Int J Obes (Lond) 2018; 43:615-632. [PMID: 30518827 PMCID: PMC6405306 DOI: 10.1038/s41366-018-0270-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2017] [Revised: 10/02/2018] [Accepted: 10/14/2018] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Objective: To describe the relationship between metabolic health parameters and depressive symptoms and perceived stress, and whether the co-occurrence of these two psychological stressors has an additive influence on metabolic dysregulation in adults at different levels of body mass index (BMI) without diabetes. Methods: Participants without diabetes (N=20,312) from the population-based REasons for Geographic And Racial Differences in Stroke (REGARDS) study (recruited between 2003–2007) who had a body mass index (BMI) ≥18.5 kg/m2 were included in this cross-sectional analysis. Mean age of sample was 64.4 years, with 36% African American, and 56% women. Depressive symptoms and perceived stress were measured using brief versions of the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression (CES-D-4 item) questionnaire and Cohen Perceived Stress Scale (PSS), respectively. Metabolic health parameters included waist circumference, blood pressure (systolic and diastolic), low- and high-density lipoprotein (LDL, HDL) cholesterol, triglycerides, fasting glucose, and high sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP). Sequentially adjusted General Linear Regression Models (GLM) for each metabolic parameter were used to assess the association between having both elevated depressive symptoms and stress, either of these psychological risk factors, or none with all analyses stratified by BMI category (i.e., normal, overweight, and obesity). Results: The presence of elevated depressive symptoms and/or perceived stress was generally associated with increased waist circumference, higher CRP, and lower HDL. The combination of depressive symptoms and perceived stress, compared to either alone, was typically associated with poorer metabolic health outcomes. However, sociodemographic and lifestyle factors generally attenuated the associations between psychological factors and metabolic parameters. Conclusions: Elevated depressive symptoms in conjunction with high levels of perceived stress were more strongly associated with several parameters of metabolic health than only one of these psychological constructs in a large, diverse cohort of adults. Findings suggest that healthy lifestyle factors may attenuate the association between psychological distress and metabolic health impairment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marissa A Gowey
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Yulia Khodneva
- Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Stephanie E Tison
- Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - April P Carson
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Andrea L Cherrington
- Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Virginia J Howard
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Monika M Safford
- Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Gareth R Dutton
- Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA.
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32
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Pathways of the relationships among eating behavior, stress, and coping in adults with type 2 diabetes: A cross-sectional study. Appetite 2018; 131:84-93. [DOI: 10.1016/j.appet.2018.09.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2018] [Revised: 06/19/2018] [Accepted: 09/06/2018] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Bennett JM, Marino JS, Peck B, Roos LG, Joseph KM, Carter LB, Smith CB, Rohleder N, Coffman MJ. Smokers Display Reduced Glucocorticoid Sensitivity Prior to Symptomatic Chronic Disease Development. Ann Behav Med 2018; 52:830-841. [PMID: 30212844 DOI: 10.1093/abm/kax058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Chronic stress plays a critical role in many of today's diseases and causes of death. Tobacco use reliably increases the likelihood of chronic disease development and premature death. In addition, habitual tobacco use elevates risk of chronic inflammatory diseases, and glucocorticoid therapy is often less effective in smokers compared with nonsmokers. Taken together, smokers may develop glucocorticoid insensitivity, thereby removing the body's greatest anti-inflammatory mechanism. Purpose The purpose of this study was to examine glucocorticoid sensitivity among 24 smokers and 24 age-, sex-, and body mass index-matched never smokers who were clinically healthy individuals (i.e., no diagnosis or medication use for chronic diseases and normotensive). Method Participants visited the lab after a 12 hr fast, provided a blood sample, and completed a series of psychosocial questionnaires. Smokers continued smoking ad libitum before the lab visit. Group differences in glucocorticoid sensitivity were examined using ANCOVA and repeated with linear mixed model to account for possible dependence among immune outcomes that matching participants on age, sex, and body mass index may have introduced. Results Prior to clinical disease onset, smokers' peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) exhibited reduced glucocorticoid sensitivity as well as a diminished inflammatory response to lipopolysaccharide compared with never smokers' PBMCs; results were identical regardless of statistical modeling used. Conclusions Cigarette smoking, a self-initiated pharmacological chronic stressor, may provide a unique opportunity to examine early wear and tear on physiological functioning that may lead to chronic disease development. Additional research into PBMCs' intracellular changes must be examined as well as repeating this study in a larger, more heterogeneous population.
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Affiliation(s)
- J M Bennett
- Department of Psychological Science, UNC Charlotte, NC, USA.,Health Psychology PhD Program, UNC Charlotte, NC, USA
| | - J S Marino
- Department of Kinesiology, Laboratory of Systems Physiology, UNC Charlotte, NC, USA
| | - B Peck
- Department of Kinesiology, Laboratory of Systems Physiology, UNC Charlotte, NC, USA
| | - L G Roos
- Health Psychology PhD Program, UNC Charlotte, NC, USA
| | - K M Joseph
- Department of Psychological Science, UNC Charlotte, NC, USA
| | - L B Carter
- Department of Psychological Science, UNC Charlotte, NC, USA
| | - C B Smith
- School of Nursing, UNC Charlotte, NC, USA
| | - N Rohleder
- Department of Psychology and Sports Science, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany.,Department of Psychology, Brandeis University, MA, USA
| | - M J Coffman
- Health Psychology PhD Program, UNC Charlotte, NC, USA.,School of Nursing, UNC Charlotte, NC, USA
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Masafi S, Saadat SH, Tehranchi K, Olya R, Heidari M, Malihialzackerini S, Jafari M, Rajabi E. Effect of Stress, Depression and Type D Personality on Immune System in the Incidence of Coronary Artery Disease. Open Access Maced J Med Sci 2018; 6:1533-1544. [PMID: 30159090 PMCID: PMC6108813 DOI: 10.3889/oamjms.2018.217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2018] [Revised: 07/08/2018] [Accepted: 07/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Psychoneuroimmunology (PNI) is the study of the interaction between psychological processes and the nervous and immune systems of the human body. The impact of psychological factors on the immune system and the role of this system in Coronary Artery Disease (CAD) are confirmed. Coronary Heart Disease (CHD) is arisen due to the failure of blood and oxygen to the heart tissues. AIM: The present study aimed to describe psychoneuroimmunological processes which contribute to CAD and CHD progression. METHOD: Such psychological risk factors like stress, depression and type D personality were investigated here. Psychoneuroimmunological pathways of all three mentioned risk factors were described for CAD. RESULTS: The studies review indicated that stress could be accompanied with myocardial ischemia and help to rupture. The depression involves in the transfer of stable atherosclerotic plaque to unstable, and type D personality is effective in the initial stages of a CAD. CONCLUSION: As more information on cardiovascular immunity becomes available, this will provide a better understanding and thus act as the foundation for the potential development of new treatment strategies for treatment of cardiovascular disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saideh Masafi
- Department of Psychology, Kish International Branch, Islamic Azad University, Kish Island, Iran
| | - Seyed Hassan Saadat
- Behavioral Sciences Research Center, Lifestyle Institute, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Katayoun Tehranchi
- Department of Psychology, Kish International Branch, Islamic Azad University, Kish Island, Iran
| | - Roohollah Olya
- Department of Psychology, Kish International Branch, Islamic Azad University, Kish Island, Iran
| | - Mostafa Heidari
- Department of Psychology, Saveh Branch, Islamic Azad University, Saveh, Iran
| | - Saied Malihialzackerini
- Department of Psychology, Kish International Branch, Islamic Azad University, Kish Island, Iran
| | - Mahdi Jafari
- Department of Clinical Psychology, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ehsan Rajabi
- Shahid Beheshty University of Medical Science, Tehran, Iran
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36
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R B, Tr R. Dietary n-3 but not n-6 fatty acids down-regulate maternal dyslipidemia induced inflammation: A three-generation study in rats. Prostaglandins Leukot Essent Fatty Acids 2018; 135:83-91. [PMID: 30103937 DOI: 10.1016/j.plefa.2018.07.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2017] [Revised: 07/10/2018] [Accepted: 07/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
This study addresses the effects of n-3 and n-6 fatty acids in maternal dyslipidemia induced inflammation over three generation in rats. The detailed protocol for animal feeding and mating is described in the methodology. Placenta and fetal liver were isolated on the eighteenth day of gestation and delivered pups after lactation were kept on their maternal diets. Compared to control and experimental groups, high-fat fed rats (HFL) had a higher level of cytokines and eicosanoids in serum (p < 0.05). Liver and uterine expression of cPLA-2, Cox-2, 5-Lox, EP-1, BLT-1, and ICAM-1 were higher (p < 0.05) in HFL group. NF-kB and Nrf-2 levels in placenta and fetal liver were beneficially modulated by n-3 but not n-6 fatty acids. Offspring of dyslipidemic mothers' exhibit amplified inflammatory markers when continued on diets of their mothers. Incorporation of n-3 but not n-6 fatty acids down-regulated maternal dyslipidemia induced inflammatory markers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Breetha R
- Department of Biochemistry, CSIR-Central Food Technological Research Institute, Mysore, Karnataka 570020, India
| | - Ramaprasad Tr
- Department of Biochemistry, CSIR-Central Food Technological Research Institute, Mysore, Karnataka 570020, India.
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37
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Liu F, Wen YF, Zhou Y, Lei G, Guo QY, Dang YH. A meta-analysis of emotional disorders as possible risk factors for chronic periodontitis. Medicine (Baltimore) 2018; 97:e11434. [PMID: 29995795 PMCID: PMC6076092 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000011434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of the present meta-analysis was to evaluate scientific evidence on the association between emotional disorder (depression and anxiety) and chronic periodontitis. An overall electronic literature search in PubMed, ISI Web of Science, Cochrane Library, and China National Knowledge Infrastructure was undertaken up to November 2017. Newcastle-Ottawa scale was applied to ascertain the validity of each eligible study. Stata statistical software was used to perform meta-analysis. The strength of the association between periodontitis and emotional disorder was measured by odds ratios (ORs) with their 95% confidence intervals (95% CIs). Subgroup analysis and sensitivity analysis were performed. Publication bias was assessed through funnel plots and Begger's test. A total of 14 eligible articles were included in the meta-analysis, 6 of them were focused exclusively on depression, whereas 8 studies investigated both depression and anxiety. There was significant association between emotional disorder and chronic periodontitis (OR = 1.54, 95% CI = 1.27-1.86). Sensitivity analyses confirmed the stability of the present results. No evidence of asymmetry was observed in Begger's test. This meta-analysis demonstrates significant association between emotional disorder (including anxiety and depression) and chronic periodontitis. Nevertheless, the result should be interpreted with caution because of the potential bias and confounding in the included studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fei Liu
- Clinical Research Center of Shaanxi Province for Dental and Maxillofacial Diseases, College of Stomatology, Xi’an Jiaotong University
- College of Medicine & Forensics, Xi’an Jiaotong University Health Science Center
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry
| | - Yi-feng Wen
- Clinical Research Center of Shaanxi Province for Dental and Maxillofacial Diseases, College of Stomatology, Xi’an Jiaotong University
- Department of Endodontic Dentistry, Affiliated Stomatology Hospita of Xi’an Jiaotong University
| | - Yuan Zhou
- College of Public Health, Xi’an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi’an, Shaanxi, PR China
| | - Gang Lei
- Clinical Research Center of Shaanxi Province for Dental and Maxillofacial Diseases, College of Stomatology, Xi’an Jiaotong University
| | - Qing-yu Guo
- Clinical Research Center of Shaanxi Province for Dental and Maxillofacial Diseases, College of Stomatology, Xi’an Jiaotong University
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry
| | - Yong-hui Dang
- College of Medicine & Forensics, Xi’an Jiaotong University Health Science Center
- State Key Laboratory for Manufacturing Systems Engineering
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38
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Speer K, Upton D, Semple S, McKune A. Systemic low-grade inflammation in post-traumatic stress disorder: a systematic review. J Inflamm Res 2018; 11:111-121. [PMID: 29606885 PMCID: PMC5868606 DOI: 10.2147/jir.s155903] [Citation(s) in RCA: 98] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Studies examining post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) have either emphasized a relationship between PTSD and a systemically pro-inflammatory state or identified a link between PTSD and chronic disease. The aim of this study was to evaluate the evidence for a relationship between individuals with PTSD and systemic low-grade inflammation that has been proposed to underlie chronic disease development in this population. The authors conducted a systematic review of the literature (January 2006 to April 2017) in accordance with the PRISMA statement in the following four databases: PubMed, MEDLINE, PsycINFO, and SPORTDiscus with Full Text. The search strategy was limited to articles published in peer-reviewed journals and to human studies. Nine studies measuring systemic inflammation and discussing its role in chronic disease development were selected for inclusion in this review. The association between markers of systemic inflammation and PTSD was evaluated by the measurement of a variety of systemic inflammatory markers including acute-phase proteins, complement proteins, pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines, natural killer cells, and white blood cells. In general, systemic inflammatory biomarkers were elevated across the studies in the PTSD groups. There is evidence that PTSD is underpinned by the presence of a systemic low-grade inflammatory state. This inflammation may be the mechanism associated with increased risk for chronic disease in the PTSD population. From this, future research should focus on interventions that help to reduce inflammation, such as exercise.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathryn Speer
- Discipline of Sport and Exercise Science, Faculty of Health, University of Canberra, Canberra, ACT, Australia
| | - Dominic Upton
- Faculty of Health, University of Canberra, Canberra, ACT, Australia
| | - Stuart Semple
- Discipline of Sport and Exercise Science, Faculty of Health, University of Canberra, Canberra, ACT, Australia.,Research Institute for Sport and Exercise, University of Canberra, Canberra, ACT, Australia
| | - Andrew McKune
- Discipline of Sport and Exercise Science, Faculty of Health, University of Canberra, Canberra, ACT, Australia.,Faculty of Health, University of Canberra, Canberra, ACT, Australia.,Research Institute for Sport and Exercise, University of Canberra, Canberra, ACT, Australia.,Discipline of Biokinetics, Exercise and Leisure Sciences, School of Health Sciences, University of KwaZulu Natal, Durban, South Africa
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Lee S, Lee S, Kim S, Yoon CH, Park HJ, Kim JY, Choi H. Fabrication and Characterization of a Magnetic Drilling Actuator for Navigation in a Three-dimensional Phantom Vascular Network. Sci Rep 2018; 8:3691. [PMID: 29487359 PMCID: PMC5829245 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-22110-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2017] [Accepted: 02/16/2018] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Intravascular microrobots have emerged as a promising tool for vascular diseases. They can be wirelessly and precisely manipulated with a high degree of freedom. Previous studies have evaluated their drilling performance and locomotion, and showed the feasibility of using microrobots for biomedical applications in two-dimensional space. However, it is critical to validate micro-drillers in a three-dimensional (3D) environment because gravity plays an important role in a 3D environment and significantly affects the performance of the micro-drillers in vascular networks. In this work, we fabricated magnetic drilling actuators (MDAs) and characterized their locomotion and drilling performance in vascular network-mimicking fluidic channels. The MDAs were precisely manipulated in the fluidic channel network in both horizontal and vertical planes, selecting and moving through the desired path via the junctions of multiple channels. The MDAs also accurately navigated an artificial thrombosis in an artificial 3D vascular network and successfully drilled through it. The results obtained here confirmed the precise manipulation and drilling performance of the developed MDAs in 3D. We think that the MDAs presented in this paper have great potential as intravascular drillers for precise thrombus treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sunkey Lee
- Department of Robotics Engineering, DGIST, Daegu, 42988, Republic of Korea
- DGIST-ETH Microrobot Research Center, DGIST, Daegu, 42988, Republic of Korea
| | - Seungmin Lee
- Department of Robotics Engineering, DGIST, Daegu, 42988, Republic of Korea
- DGIST-ETH Microrobot Research Center, DGIST, Daegu, 42988, Republic of Korea
| | - Sangwon Kim
- Institute of Robotics and Intelligent Systems, ETH Zurich, Zurich, CH-8092, Switzerland
| | - Chang-Hwan Yoon
- Cardiovascular Center & Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Gyeonggi, 13620, Republic of Korea
| | - Hun-Jun Park
- Cardiology Division, Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, 06591, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin-Young Kim
- Department of Robotics Engineering, DGIST, Daegu, 42988, Republic of Korea.
- DGIST-ETH Microrobot Research Center, DGIST, Daegu, 42988, Republic of Korea.
| | - Hongsoo Choi
- Department of Robotics Engineering, DGIST, Daegu, 42988, Republic of Korea.
- DGIST-ETH Microrobot Research Center, DGIST, Daegu, 42988, Republic of Korea.
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40
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Differential involvement of synovial adipokines in pain and physical function in female patients with knee osteoarthritis. A cross-sectional study. Osteoarthritis Cartilage 2018; 26:276-284. [PMID: 29196131 DOI: 10.1016/j.joca.2017.11.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2017] [Revised: 11/09/2017] [Accepted: 11/16/2017] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Adipokines have been reported to play a role in the development, progression and severity of knee osteoarthritis but the influence of the different adipokines are not well known. The aim of this study was to evaluate the association between different synovial fluid adipokines with pain and disability knee osteoarthritis patients. METHODS Cross-sectional study with systematic inclusion of 115 symptomatic primary knee osteoarthritis female patients with ultrasound-confirmed joint effusion. Age, physical exercise, symptoms duration and different anthropometric measurements were collected. Radiographic severity was evaluated according to Kellgren-Lawrence scale. Pain and disability were assessed by WOMAC-total, -pain, -function subscales and Knee injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (KOOS) pain and function scales. Seven adipokines and three inflammatory markers were measured by ELISA in synovial fluid. Partial Correlation Coefficient (PCC) and corresponding 95% confidence interval were used as a measure of association. RESULTS Leptin, osteopontin and inflammatory factors, especially TNF-alpha, were associated to pain and function. After adjustment for potential confounders including inflammatory factors and all adipokines, an association was found for adiponectin with pain (PCC 0.240 [0.012, 0.444]) and for resistin and visfatin with function (PCC 0.336 [0.117, 0.524] and -0.262 [-0.463, -0.036]). No other adipokines or inflammatory markers were statistically and independently associated. An association between physical exercise and pain and disability remained after adjustment, whereas an attenuation of the influence of anthropometric measurements was observed. CONCLUSIONS Different patterns of association between synovial fluid adipokines were observed regarding pain and disability in knee osteoarthritis patients. Specifically, adiponectin was associated to pain while resistin and visfatin were mainly related to function.
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Oishi K, Ohyama S, Higo-Yamamoto S. Chronic sleep disorder induced by psychophysiological stress induces glucose intolerance without adipose inflammation in mice. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2018; 495:2616-2621. [PMID: 29288667 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2017.12.158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2017] [Accepted: 12/26/2017] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Sleep disturbances are associated with various metabolic diseases such as hypertension and diabetes. We had previously established a mouse model of a psychophysiological stress-induced chronic sleep disorder (CSD) characterized by disrupted circadian rhythms of wheel-running activity, core body temperature, and sleep-wake cycles. To evaluate the underlying mechanisms of metabolic disorders induced by CSD, we created mice with CSD for six weeks and fed them with a high-fat diet. Glucose intolerance with hyperglycemia resulted, although plasma insulin levels and body weight increases were identical between control and CSD mice. Gluconeogenesis and glycolysis were enhanced and suppressed, respectively, in the livers of CSD mice, because the mRNA expression of Pck1 was significantly increased, whereas that of Gck and Pklr were significantly decreased in the CSD mice. Adipose inflammation induced by the high-fat diet seemed suppressed by the CSD, because the mRNA expression levels of Adgre1, Ccl2, and Tnf were significantly downregulated in the adipose tissues of CSD mice. These findings suggest that CSD impair glucose tolerance by inducing gluconeogenesis and suppressing glycolysis. Hyperphasia with hypoleptinemia, hypercorticosteronemia, and increased plasma free fatty acids might be involved in the impaired glucose metabolism under a CSD. Further studies are needed to elucidate the endocrine and molecular mechanisms underlying the associations between sleep disorders and impaired glucose homeostasis that consequently causes diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katsutaka Oishi
- Biological Clock Research Group, Biomedical Research Institute, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan; Department of Applied Biological Science, Graduate School of Science and Technology, Tokyo University of Science, Noda, Chiba, Japan; Department of Computational Biology and Medical Sciences, Graduate School of Frontier Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Kashiwa, Chiba, Japan.
| | - Sumika Ohyama
- Biological Clock Research Group, Biomedical Research Institute, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Sayaka Higo-Yamamoto
- Biological Clock Research Group, Biomedical Research Institute, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
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Curtis DS, Fuller-Rowell TE, Hinnant JB, Kaeppler AK, Doan SN. Resting high-frequency heart rate variability moderates the association between early-life adversity and body adiposity. J Health Psychol 2017; 25:953-963. [PMID: 29250997 DOI: 10.1177/1359105317739964] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
This study investigates resting high-frequency heart rate variability as a moderator of the association between early-life adversity and two measures of body adiposity. Data were collected from 149 young adults attending a large university in the Midwestern United States (Mage = 18.8 years; 45% black; 55% white; 56% female). Self-reported early-life adversity was associated with greater waist-to-height ratio and body mass index. The strength of these associations was moderated by high-frequency heart rate variability, such that the link was stronger for individuals with lower heart rate variability. Resting high-frequency heart rate variability thus has potential health significance as a biomarker of stress vulnerability.
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Abstract
BACKGROUND Physical activity and body mass predict cognition in the elderly. However, mixed evidence suggests that obesity is associated with poorer cognition, while also protecting against cognitive decline in older age. PURPOSE We investigated whether body mass independently predicted cognition in older age and whether these associations changed over time. METHODS A latent curve structural equation modeling approach was used to analyze data from a sample of aging adults (N = 8442) split into two independent subsamples, collected over 6 years. RESULTS Lower baseline Body Mass Index (BMI) and higher physical activity independently predicted greater baseline cognition (p < 0.001). Decreases in BMI and physical activity independently predicted greater decline in the slope of cognition (p < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS Our results support the obesity paradox in cognitive aging, with lower baseline body mass predicting better cognition, but less decline over time protecting against cognitive decline. We discuss how weight loss in the elderly may serve as a useful indicator of co-occurring cognitive decline, and we discuss implications for health care professionals.
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44
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Tingelstad HC, Filion LG, Martin J, Spivock M, Tang V, Haman F. Levels of circulating cortisol and cytokines in members of the Canadian Armed Forces: associations with age, sex, and anthropometry. Appl Physiol Nutr Metab 2017; 43:445-452. [PMID: 29200312 DOI: 10.1139/apnm-2017-0551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
This study assessed blood levels of cortisol and cytokines (inflammatory and non-inflammatory) in members of the regular Canadian Armed Forces (CAF), and examined the associations between sex, age, and adiposity and circulating levels of cortisol as well as pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines. As part of a larger ranging project, 331 blood samples were collected from a representative population of the total CAF, which included officers and noncommissioned women and men from the Air Force, Navy, and Army. The blood samples were analyzed for levels of cortisol, C-reactive protein (CRP), adiponectin, and 20 cytokines (which included interleukins, interferons, and tumor necrosis factors). Higher levels of adiponectin were found in women compared with men (median and interquartile range; 16.71 (7.68-25.32) vs 5.81 (3.52-13.19) μg/mL), and higher levels of interleukin (IL)-18 in men compared with women (89.25 (84.03-94.48) vs 75.91 (69.70-82.13) pg/mL). An association between age and levels of stress and inflammatory cytokines was observed, with CRP, IL-18, IL-2 and adiponectin all increasing with increasing age. However, contrary to trends seen in the general population, cortisol levels decreased with increasing age. Levels of CRP and IL-18 increased with an increase in adiposity, while adiponectin levels decreased. Most importantly, at the entire cohort level, a low detection rate for most of the cytokines was observed with 17 out of 22 cytokines having a detection below 10%. IN CONCLUSION In this CAF population, although an association between age and inflammatory cytokines was observed, both sex and adiposity had a small impact on levels of cortisol and cytokines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hans Christian Tingelstad
- a School of Human Kinetics, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON K1N 1A2, Canada
| | - Lionel G Filion
- b Department of Biochemistry Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON K1H 8M5, Canada
| | - Julie Martin
- a School of Human Kinetics, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON K1N 1A2, Canada.,c Canadian Forces Morale and Welfare Services, Directorate of Fitness, Ottawa, ON K1J 1J8, Canada
| | - Michael Spivock
- a School of Human Kinetics, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON K1N 1A2, Canada.,c Canadian Forces Morale and Welfare Services, Directorate of Fitness, Ottawa, ON K1J 1J8, Canada
| | - Vera Tang
- d University of Ottawa Flow Cytometry Core Facility, Ottawa, ON K1H 8M5, Canada
| | - François Haman
- a School of Human Kinetics, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON K1N 1A2, Canada
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Chiang JJ, Bower JE, Irwin MR, Taylor SE, Fuligni AJ. Adiposity moderates links from early adversity and depressive symptoms to inflammatory reactivity to acute stress during late adolescence. Brain Behav Immun 2017; 66:146-155. [PMID: 28668557 PMCID: PMC5718344 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbi.2017.06.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2017] [Revised: 05/19/2017] [Accepted: 06/25/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Both early adversity and depression are associated with heightened inflammation. However, few studies have focused on inflammatory reactivity to psychosocial stress and examined adiposity as a potential moderator. Yet, repeated heightened inflammatory reactivity over time is thought to contribute to low-grade chronic inflammation and adipose tissue is a key source of pro-inflammatory cytokines. The purpose of the present study was to examine whether early adversity and depressive symptoms were related to stress-induced inflammation and whether these associations varied by total body and abdominal adiposity as measured by body mass index (BMI) and waist circumference (WC) in a sample of late adolescents. Participants reported on their early family environment and current depressive symptoms, had their height, weight, and WC assessed for adiposity markers, and provided blood samples for IL-6 assessment before and after a standardized laboratory stress task. No main effect of early adversity on IL-6 reactivity to acute stress was observed. However, significant interactions between early adversity and BMI and WC emerged. Greater exposure to early adversity was associated with greater IL-6 responses only among adolescents with higher BMI or WC. The same pattern of findings was observed for depressive symptoms. Additionally, moderated mediation analyses indicated that among adolescents with greater adiposity, early adversity indirectly influenced IL-6 reactivity via current depressive symptoms. These findings contribute to our understanding of vulnerability factors that may amplify the associations between early adversity and depressive symptoms and inflammation during relatively early stages of life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica J Chiang
- Institute for Policy Research, Northwestern University, United States.
| | - Julienne E Bower
- Department of Psychology, University of California, Los Angeles, United States; Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, University of California, Los Angeles, United States; Cousins Center for Psychoneuroimmunology, University of California, Los Angeles, United States
| | - Michael R Irwin
- Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, University of California, Los Angeles, United States; Cousins Center for Psychoneuroimmunology, University of California, Los Angeles, United States
| | - Shelley E Taylor
- Department of Psychology, University of California, Los Angeles, United States
| | - Andrew J Fuligni
- Department of Psychology, University of California, Los Angeles, United States; Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, University of California, Los Angeles, United States; Cousins Center for Psychoneuroimmunology, University of California, Los Angeles, United States
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Brody GH, Yu T, Chen E, Miller GE. Family-centered prevention ameliorates the association between adverse childhood experiences and prediabetes status in young black adults. Prev Med 2017; 100:117-122. [PMID: 28431967 PMCID: PMC5492943 DOI: 10.1016/j.ypmed.2017.04.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2016] [Revised: 04/04/2017] [Accepted: 04/09/2017] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Individuals exposed to adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) are vulnerable to various health problems later in life. This study was designed to determine whether participation in an efficacious program to enhance supportive parenting would ameliorate the association between ACEs and prediabetes status at age 25. Rural African American parents and their 11-year-old children (N=390) participated in the Strong African American Families (SAAF) program or a control condition. Each youth at age 25 provided a total ACEs score and a blood sample from which overnight fasting glucose was assayed. Logistic regression equations were used to test the hypotheses. The logistic regression analyses revealed a significant interaction between total ACEs and random assignment to SAAF or control, OR=0.56, 95% CI [0.36, 0.88]. Follow-up analyses indicated that, for participants in the control condition, a 1-point increase in ACEs was associated with a 37.3% increase in risk of having prediabetes. ACEs were not associated with the likelihood of having prediabetes among participants in the SAAF condition. Control participants with high total ACEs scores were 3.54 times more likely to have prediabetes than were SAAF participants with similar scores. This study indicated that participation at age 11 in a randomized controlled trial designed to enhance supportive parenting ameliorated the association of ACEs with prediabetes at age 25. If substantiated, these findings may provide a strategy for preventing negative health consequences of ACEs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gene H Brody
- Center for Family Research, University of Georgia, 1095 College Station Road, Athens, GA 30602-4527, USA.
| | - Tianyi Yu
- Center for Family Research, University of Georgia, 1095 College Station Road, Athens, GA 30602-4527, USA.
| | - Edith Chen
- Department of Psychology, Northwestern University, Swift Hall 102, 2029 Sheridan Road, Evanston, IL 60208, USA; Department of Medical Social Sciences, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, 633 N. Saint Clair Street, 19th Floor, Chicago, IL 60611, USA.
| | - Gregory E Miller
- Department of Psychology, Northwestern University, Swift Hall 102, 2029 Sheridan Road, Evanston, IL 60208, USA; Department of Medical Social Sciences, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, 633 N. Saint Clair Street, 19th Floor, Chicago, IL 60611, USA.
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Stress increases the risk of type 2 diabetes onset in women: A 12-year longitudinal study using causal modelling. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0172126. [PMID: 28222165 PMCID: PMC5319684 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0172126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2016] [Accepted: 01/31/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Type 2 diabetes is associated with significant morbidity and mortality. Modifiable risk factors have been found to contribute up to 60% of type 2 diabetes risk. However, type 2 diabetes continues to rise despite implementation of interventions based on traditional risk factors. There is a clear need to identify additional risk factors for chronic disease prevention. The aim of this study was to examine the relationship between perceived stress and type 2 diabetes onset, and partition the estimates into direct and indirect effects. Methods and findings Women born in 1946–1951 (n = 12,844) completed surveys for the Australian Longitudinal Study on Women’s Health in 1998, 2001, 2004, 2007 and 2010. The total causal effect was estimated using logistic regression and marginal structural modelling. Controlled direct effects were estimated through conditioning in the regression model. A graded association was found between perceived stress and all mediators in the multivariate time lag analyses. A significant association was found between hypertension, as well as physical activity and body mass index, and diabetes, but not smoking or diet quality. Moderate/high stress levels were associated with a 2.3-fold increase in the odds of diabetes three years later, for the total estimated effect. Results were only slightly attenuated when the direct and indirect effects of perceived stress on diabetes were partitioned, with the mediators only explaining 10–20% of the excess variation in diabetes. Conclusions Perceived stress is a strong risk factor for type 2 diabetes. The majority of the effect estimate of stress on diabetes risk is not mediated by the traditional risk factors of hypertension, physical activity, smoking, diet quality, and body mass index. This gives a new pathway for diabetes prevention trials and clinical practice.
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Pre- and Post-displacement Stressors and Body Weight Development in Iraqi Refugees in Michigan. J Immigr Minor Health 2017; 17:1468-75. [PMID: 25376128 DOI: 10.1007/s10903-014-0127-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Refugees have typically experienced stress and trauma before entering the US. Stressors and mental health disorders may contribute to obesity. The aim of this study was to investigate changes in the body mass index (BMI) in Iraqi refugees settled in Michigan in relationship to pre- and post-migration stressors and mental health. Anthropometric and demographic data were collected from 290 Iraqi refugees immediately after they arrived in Michigan and one year after settlement. Significant increases were observed in BMI (+0.46 ± 0.09 kg/m(2), p < 0.0001) and the percentage of refugees suffering from hypertension (from 9.6 to 13.1%, p < 0.05). Significant increases in stress, depression and acculturation, as well as decreases in post-migration trauma and social support, were also observed. Linear regression analyses failed to link stressors, well-being, and mental health to changes in BMI. It is likely that acculturation to a new lifestyle, including dietary patterns and physical activity levels, may have contributed to these changes.
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Jones KT, Shelton RC, Wan J, Li L. Impact of acute psychological stress on cardiovascular risk factors in face of insulin resistance. Stress 2016; 19:585-592. [PMID: 27588343 PMCID: PMC5175456 DOI: 10.1080/10253890.2016.1231804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2015] [Accepted: 08/26/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Individuals with insulin resistance (IR) are at greater risk for cardiovascular disease (CVD). Psychological stress may contribute to develop CVD in IR, although mechanisms are poorly understood. Our aim was to test the hypothesis that individuals with IR have enhanced emotional and physiological responses to acute psychological stress, leading to increased CVD risk. Sixty participants were enrolled into the study, and classified into IR group (n = 31) and insulin sensitive group (n = 29) according to the Quantitative insulin sensitivity check index, which was calculated based on an oral glucose tolerance test. The Trier social stress test, a standardized experimental stress paradigm, was performed on each participant, and emotional and physiological responses were examined. Blood was collected from each subject for insulin, cytokines, and cortisol measurements. Compared with the insulin-sensitive group, individuals with IR had significantly lower ratings of energy and calm, but higher fatigue levels in response to acute stressors. Individuals with IR also showed blunted heart rate reactivity following stress. In addition, the IR status was worsened by acute psychological stress as demonstrated by further increased insulin secretion. Furthermore, individuals with IR showed significantly increased levels of leptin and interleukin-6, but decreased levels of adiponectin, at baseline, stress test, and post-stress period. Our findings in individuals with IR under acute stress would allow a better understanding of the risks for developing CVD and to tailor the interventions for better outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Richard C. Shelton
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neurobiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, 35294
| | - Jun Wan
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China, 430060
| | - Li Li
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neurobiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, 35294
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Choudhary S, Mourya A, Ahuja S, Sah SP, Kumar A. Plausible anti-inflammatory mechanism of resveratrol and caffeic acid against chronic stress-induced insulin resistance in mice. Inflammopharmacology 2016; 24:347-361. [DOI: 10.1007/s10787-016-0287-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2016] [Accepted: 09/30/2016] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
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