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Hu Y, Huang Y, Jiang Y, Weng L, Cai Z, He B. The Different Shades of Thermogenic Adipose Tissue. Curr Obes Rep 2024; 13:440-460. [PMID: 38607478 DOI: 10.1007/s13679-024-00559-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/12/2024] [Indexed: 04/13/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW By providing a concise overview of adipose tissue types, elucidating the regulation of adipose thermogenic capacity in both physiological contexts and chronic wasting diseases (a protracted hypermetabolic state that precipitates sustained catabolism and consequent progressive corporeal atrophy), and most importantly, delving into the ongoing discourse regarding the role of adipose tissue thermogenic activation in chronic wasting diseases, this review aims to provide researchers with a comprehensive understanding of the field. RECENT FINDINGS Adipose tissue, traditionally classified as white, brown, and beige (brite) based on its thermogenic activity and potential, is intricately regulated by complex mechanisms in response to exercise or cold exposure. This regulation is adipose depot-specific and dependent on the duration of exposure. Excessive thermogenic activation of adipose tissue has been observed in chronic wasting diseases and has been considered a pathological factor that accelerates disease progression. However, this conclusion may be confounded by the detrimental effects of excessive lipolysis. Recent research also suggests that such activation may play a beneficial role in the early stages of chronic wasting disease and provide potential therapeutic effects. A more comprehensive understanding of the changes in adipose tissue thermogenesis under physiological and pathological conditions, as well as the underlying regulatory mechanisms, is essential for the development of novel interventions to improve health and prevent disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunwen Hu
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Chest Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200030, China
| | - Yijie Huang
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Chest Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200030, China
| | - Yangjing Jiang
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Chest Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200030, China
| | - Lvkan Weng
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Chest Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200030, China.
| | - Zhaohua Cai
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Chest Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200030, China.
| | - Ben He
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Chest Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200030, China.
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Rahmani N, Motamedi P, Amani-Shalamzari S, Escobar KA, Suzuki K. Swimming in cold water increases the browning process by diminishing the Myostatin pathway. Mol Biol Rep 2024; 51:884. [PMID: 39093510 PMCID: PMC11297105 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-024-09586-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2023] [Accepted: 04/25/2024] [Indexed: 08/04/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Brown adipose tissue (BAT) is a thermogenic tissue that uncouples oxidative phosphorylation from ATP synthesis and increases energy expenditure via non-shivering thermogenesis in mammals. Cold exposure and exercise have been shown to increase BAT and browning of white adipose tissue (WAT) in mice. This study aimed to determine whether there is an additive effect of exercise during cold exposure on markers related to browning of adipose tissue. in Wistar rats. METHODS Twenty-four male Wistar rats were randomly divided into three groups: Control (C, 25˚C), Swimming in Neutral (SN, 30˚C) water, and Swimming in Cold (SC, 15˚C) water. Swimming included intervals of 2-3 min, 1 min rest, until exhausted, three days a week for six weeks, with a training load of 3-6% body weight. After the experimental protocol, interscapular BAT and inguinal subcutaneous white adipose tissue (WAT) were excised, weighed, and processed for beiging marker gene expression. RESULTS SN and SC resulted in lower body weight gain, associated with reduced WAT and BAT volume and increased BAT number with greater effects observed in SC. Myostatin protein expression was lower in BAT, WAT, soleus muscle, and serum NC and SC compared to the C group. Expression of the interferon regulatory factor-4 (IRF4) gene in both BAT and WAT tissues was significantly greater in the SC than in the C. Expression of the PGC-1α in BAT was significantly increased in the SC compared to C and increased in WAT in NC and SC. Expression of the UCP1 in BAT and WAT increased in the SC group compared to other groups. CONCLUSION The findings demonstrate that six weeks of swimming training in cold water promotes additive effects of the expression of genes and proteins involved in the browning process of adipose tissue in Wistar rats. Myostatin inhibition may possess a regulator effect on the PGC-1α - UCP1 pathway that mediates adipose tissue browning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Niloofar Rahmani
- Department of Exercise Physiology, Faculty of Physical Education and Sports Science, Kharazmi University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Pezhman Motamedi
- Department of Exercise Physiology, Faculty of Physical Education and Sports Science, Kharazmi University, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Sadegh Amani-Shalamzari
- Department of Exercise Physiology, Faculty of Physical Education and Sports Science, Kharazmi University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Kurt A Escobar
- Physiology of Exercise & Sport Lab, Department of Kinesiology, California State University, Long Beach, USA
| | - Katsuhiko Suzuki
- Faculty of Sport Sciences, Waseda University, Mikajima, Tokorozawa, Japan.
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Li L, Zhou Z, Fang J, Liu D, Deng C, Chen Y, Ahasan Z, Zhu W, Cai K. The characterization of metabolic changes in adipose tissues and muscles due to different exercise intensities by Dixon in healthy young men. Eur J Radiol 2024; 177:111559. [PMID: 38865759 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejrad.2024.111559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2024] [Accepted: 06/07/2024] [Indexed: 06/14/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE To delineate the alterations in adipose and muscle tissue composition and functionality among healthy young men across varying exercise intensities, which help to elucidate the impact of exercise intensity on weight management and inform fitness planning. METHOD 3D Dixon MRI scans were performed on the neck and supraclavicular area in 10 high-intensity exercises (HIE) athletes, 20 moderate intensity exercises (MIE) athletes and 19 low-intensity exercises non-athlete male controls (NCM). Twelve imaging parameters, including the total volume of muscle, white adipose tissue (WAT), brown adipose tissue (BAT), and the mean fat-water fraction (FWF) within these tissues. Additionally, ratios of BAT or WAT to total fat (BATr or WATr) and the proportions of muscle, BAT, or WAT to total tissue volume (Musp, BATp, and WATp) were calculated. Parameters were compared across groups and correlated with Body Mass Index (BMI), waistline, and hipline. RESULTS The HIE group exhibited the highest total muscle (totalMUS) and brown adipose tissue (totalBAT) volumes among the three groups. Conversely, the NCM group had significantly higher fwfFAT and fwfBAT values. The MUSp was higher in the HIE and MIE groups compared to NCM, while the BATp and WATp were lower. Furthermore, the BATr in HIE and MIE groups were higher than NCM group while the WATr were lower. Significant linear relationships were observed between totalBAT, totalWAT, MUSp, BATr, fwfFAT, and BMI, waistline (P < 0.05) across all groups. CONCLUSIONS MIE is sufficient for the purpose of weight control, While HIE helps to further increase the muscle mass. All three physical indexes were significantly associated with the image parameters, with waistline emerging as the most effective indicator for detecting metabolic changes across all groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Li
- Radiology Department, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, HUST, Wuhan, China
| | - Zhiguo Zhou
- Orthopedics Department, Wuhan Children's Hospital (Wuhan Maternal and Child Healthcare Hospital), Tongji Medical College, HUST, Wuhan, China.
| | - Jicheng Fang
- Radiology Department, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, HUST, Wuhan, China
| | - Dong Liu
- Radiology Department, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, HUST, Wuhan, China
| | - Chenghu Deng
- Department of Physical Education, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Yong Chen
- Endocrinology Department, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, HUST, Wuhan, China
| | - Zoheb Ahasan
- Radiology Department, Bioengineering Department, College of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States; Bioengineering Department, College of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Wenzhen Zhu
- Radiology Department, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, HUST, Wuhan, China
| | - Kejia Cai
- Radiology Department, Bioengineering Department, College of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States; Bioengineering Department, College of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States
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Cheng Y, Liang S, Zhang S, Hui X. Thermogenic Fat as a New Obesity Management Tool: From Pharmaceutical Reagents to Cell Therapies. Biomedicines 2024; 12:1474. [PMID: 39062047 PMCID: PMC11275133 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines12071474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2024] [Revised: 06/14/2024] [Accepted: 06/19/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Obesity is a complex medical condition caused by a positive imbalance between calorie intake and calorie consumption. Brown adipose tissue (BAT), along with the newly discovered "brown-like" adipocytes (called beige cells), functions as a promising therapeutic tool to ameliorate obesity and metabolic disorders by burning out extra nutrients in the form of heat. Many studies in animal models and humans have proved the feasibility of this concept. In this review, we aim to summarize the endeavors over the last decade to achieve a higher number/activity of these heat-generating adipocytes. In particular, pharmacological compounds, especially agonists to the β3 adrenergic receptor (β3-AR), are reviewed in terms of their feasibility and efficacy in elevating BAT function and improving metabolic parameters in human subjects. Alternatively, allograft transplantation of BAT and the transplantation of functional brown or beige adipocytes from mesenchymal stromal cells or human induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs) make it possible to increase the number of these beneficial adipocytes in patients. However, practical and ethical issues still need to be considered before the therapy can eventually be applied in the clinical setting. This review provides insights and guidance on brown- and beige-cell-based strategies for the management of obesity and its associated metabolic comorbidities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Cheng
- Zhongshan Hospital (Xiamen), Fudan University, Xiamen 361015, China;
- School of Biomedical Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong 999077, China; (S.L.); (S.Z.)
| | - Shiqing Liang
- School of Biomedical Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong 999077, China; (S.L.); (S.Z.)
| | - Shuhan Zhang
- School of Biomedical Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong 999077, China; (S.L.); (S.Z.)
| | - Xiaoyan Hui
- School of Biomedical Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong 999077, China; (S.L.); (S.Z.)
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Finardi EAR, Bonfante ILP, Monfort-Pires M, Duft RG, Mateus KCDS, Brunetto SQ, Chacon-Mikahil MPT, Ramos CD, Velloso LA, Cavaglieri CR. Effects of combined training on nonshivering thermogenic activity of muscles in individuals with overweight and type 2 diabetes. Clin Physiol Funct Imaging 2024. [PMID: 38880943 DOI: 10.1111/cpf.12896] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2024] [Revised: 05/23/2024] [Accepted: 05/31/2024] [Indexed: 06/18/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Increased thermogenic activity has shown to be a promising target for treating and preventing obesity and type 2 diabetes (T2DM). Little is known about the muscular influence on nonshivering thermogenesis (NST), and it remains unclear whether physical training and potential metabolic improvements could be associated with changes in this type of thermogenic activity. OBJECTIVE The present study aimed to assess muscular NST activity in overweight and T2DM before and after a combined training period (strength training followed by aerobic exercise). METHODS Nonshivering cold-induced 18-fluoroxyglucose positron emission computed tomography (18F-FDG PET/CT) was performed before and after 16 weeks of combined training in 12 individuals with overweight and T2DM. The standard uptake value (SUV) of 18F-FDG was evaluated in skeletal muscles, the heart and the aorta. RESULTS Muscles in the neck region exhibit higher SUV pre- and posttraining. Furthermore, a decrease in glucose uptake by the muscles of the lower and upper extremities and in the aorta was observed after training when adjusted for brown adipose tissue (BAT). These pre-post effects are accompanied by increased cardiac SUV and occur concurrently with heightened energy expenditure and metabolic improvements. CONCLUSIONS Muscles in the neck region have greater metabolic activity upon exposure to cold. In addition, combined training appears to induce greater NST, favoring the trunk and neck region compared to limbs based on joint work and adaptations between skeletal muscles and BAT.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ivan Luiz Padilha Bonfante
- Laboratory of Exercise Physiology, School of Physical Education, University of Campinas, Campinas, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Milena Monfort-Pires
- Laboratory of Cell Signalling, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Campinas, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
- Obesity and Comorbidities Research Center, University of Campinas, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
- Turku PET Centre, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Renata Garbellini Duft
- Laboratory of Exercise Physiology, School of Physical Education, University of Campinas, Campinas, Sao Paulo, Brazil
- The Rowett Institute of Nutrition and Health, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, UK
| | - Keryma Chaves da Silva Mateus
- Laboratory of Exercise Physiology, School of Physical Education, University of Campinas, Campinas, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | | | | | - Celso Darío Ramos
- Department of Radiology, University of Campinas, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Licio Augusto Velloso
- Laboratory of Cell Signalling, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Campinas, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
- Obesity and Comorbidities Research Center, University of Campinas, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Cláudia R Cavaglieri
- Laboratory of Exercise Physiology, School of Physical Education, University of Campinas, Campinas, Sao Paulo, Brazil
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Shay D, Welly R, Mao J, Kinkade J, Brown JK, Rosenfeld CS, Vieira-Potter VJ. Knockdown of Esr1 from DRD1-Rich Brain Regions Affects Adipose Tissue Metabolism: Potential Crosstalk between Nucleus Accumbens and Adipose Tissue. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:6130. [PMID: 38892320 PMCID: PMC11172510 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25116130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2024] [Revised: 05/20/2024] [Accepted: 05/29/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Declining estrogen (E2) leads to physical inactivity and adipose tissue (AT) dysfunction. Mechanisms are not fully understood, but E2's effects on dopamine (DA) activity in the nucleus accumbens (NAc) brain region may mediate changes in mood and voluntary physical activity (PA). Our prior work revealed that loss of E2 robustly affected NAc DA-related gene expression, and the pattern correlated with sedentary behavior and visceral fat. The current study used a new transgenic mouse model (D1ERKO) to determine whether the abolishment of E2 receptor alpha (ERα) signaling within DA-rich brain regions affects PA and AT metabolism. Adult male and female wild-type (WT) and D1ERKO (KD) mice were assessed for body composition, energy intake (EE), spontaneous PA (SPA), and energy expenditure (EE); underwent glucose tolerance testing; and were assessed for blood biochemistry. Perigonadal white AT (PGAT), brown AT (BAT), and NAc brain regions were assessed for genes and proteins associated with DA, E2 signaling, and metabolism; AT sections were also assessed for uncoupling protein (UCP1). KD mice had greater lean mass and EE (genotype effects) and a visible change in BAT phenotype characterized by increased UCP1 staining and lipid depletion, an effect seen only among females. Female KD had higher NAc Oprm1 transcript levels and greater PGAT UCP1. This group tended to have improved glucose tolerance (p = 0.07). NAc suppression of Esr1 does not appear to affect PA, yet it may directly affect metabolism. This work may lead to novel targets to improve metabolic dysfunction following E2 loss, possibly by targeting the NAc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dusti Shay
- Department of Nutrition and Exercise Physiology, Division of Food, Nutrition and Exercise Sciences, CAFNR, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, USA; (D.S.)
| | - Rebecca Welly
- Department of Nutrition and Exercise Physiology, Division of Food, Nutrition and Exercise Sciences, CAFNR, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, USA; (D.S.)
| | - Jiude Mao
- Biomedical Sciences, University of Missouri, E102 Veterinary Medicine Building, Columbia, MO 65211, USA (C.S.R.)
| | - Jessica Kinkade
- Biomedical Sciences, University of Missouri, E102 Veterinary Medicine Building, Columbia, MO 65211, USA (C.S.R.)
| | - Joshua K. Brown
- Department of Nutrition and Exercise Physiology, Division of Food, Nutrition and Exercise Sciences, CAFNR, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, USA; (D.S.)
| | - Cheryl S. Rosenfeld
- Biomedical Sciences, University of Missouri, E102 Veterinary Medicine Building, Columbia, MO 65211, USA (C.S.R.)
- MU Institute of Data Science and Informatics, University of Missouri, E102 Veterinary Medicine Building, Columbia, MO 65211, USA
- Genetics Area Program, University of Missouri, E102 Veterinary Medicine Building, Columbia, MO 65211, USA
- Thompson Center for Autism and Neurobehavioral Disorders, University of Missouri, E102 Veterinary Medicine Building, Columbia, MO 65211, USA
| | - Victoria J. Vieira-Potter
- Department of Nutrition and Exercise Physiology, Division of Food, Nutrition and Exercise Sciences, CAFNR, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, USA; (D.S.)
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Shao H, Zhang H, Jia D. The Role of Exerkines in Obesity-Induced Disruption of Mitochondrial Homeostasis in Thermogenic Fat. Metabolites 2024; 14:287. [PMID: 38786764 PMCID: PMC11122964 DOI: 10.3390/metabo14050287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2024] [Revised: 05/13/2024] [Accepted: 05/14/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024] Open
Abstract
There is a notable correlation between mitochondrial homeostasis and metabolic disruption. In this review, we report that obesity-induced disruption of mitochondrial homeostasis adversely affects lipid metabolism, adipocyte differentiation, oxidative capacity, inflammation, insulin sensitivity, and thermogenesis in thermogenic fat. Elevating mitochondrial homeostasis in thermogenic fat emerges as a promising avenue for developing treatments for metabolic diseases, including enhanced mitochondrial function, mitophagy, mitochondrial uncoupling, and mitochondrial biogenesis. The exerkines (e.g., myokines, adipokines, batokines) released during exercise have the potential to ameliorate mitochondrial homeostasis, improve glucose and lipid metabolism, and stimulate fat browning and thermogenesis as a defense against obesity-associated metabolic diseases. This comprehensive review focuses on the manifold benefits of exercise-induced exerkines, particularly emphasizing their influence on mitochondrial homeostasis and fat thermogenesis in the context of metabolic disorders associated with obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Shao
- School of Exercise and Health, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai 200438, China; (H.S.); (H.Z.)
- Graduate School of Harbin Sport University, Harbin Sport University, Harbin 150006, China
| | - Huijie Zhang
- School of Exercise and Health, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai 200438, China; (H.S.); (H.Z.)
| | - Dandan Jia
- School of Exercise and Health, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai 200438, China; (H.S.); (H.Z.)
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Zeng B, Shen Q, Wang B, Tang X, Jiang J, Zheng Y, Huang H, Zhuo W, Wang W, Gao Y, Li X, Wang S, Li W, Qian G, Qin J, Hou M, Lv H. Spexin ameliorated obesity-related metabolic disorders through promoting white adipose browning mediated by JAK2-STAT3 pathway. Nutr Metab (Lond) 2024; 21:22. [PMID: 38658956 PMCID: PMC11040786 DOI: 10.1186/s12986-024-00790-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2023] [Accepted: 03/13/2024] [Indexed: 04/26/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Spexin, a 14 amino acid peptide, has been reported to regulate obesity and its associated complications. However, little is known about the underlying molecular mechanism. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the effects of spexin on obesity and explore the detailed molecular mechanisms in vivo and in vitro. METHODS Male C57BL/6J mice were fed a high-fat diet (HFD) for 12 weeks to induce obesity, and mice fed a standard fat diet were used as controls. Then, these mice were treated with SPX or Vehicle by intraperitoneal injection for an additional 12 weeks, respectively. The metabolic profile, fat-browning specific markers and mitochondrial contents were detected. In vitro, 3T3-L1 cells were used to investigate the molecular mechanisms. RESULTS After 12 weeks of treatment, SPX significantly decreased body weight, serum lipid levels, and improved insulin sensitivity in HFD-induced obese mice. Moreover, SPX was found to promote oxygen consumption in HFD mice, and it increased mitochondrial content as well as the expression of brown-specific markers in white adipose tissue (WAT) of HFD mice. These results were consistent with the increase in mitochondrial content and the expression of brown-specific markers in 3T3-L1 mature adipocytes. Of note, the spexin-mediated beneficial pro-browning actions were abolished by the JAK2/STAT3 pathway antagonists in mature 3T3-L1 cells. CONCLUSIONS These data indicate that spexin ameliorates obesity-induced metabolic disorders by improving WAT browning via activation of the JAK2/STAT3 signaling pathway. Therefore, SPX may serve as a new therapeutic candidate for treating obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bihe Zeng
- Department of Cardiology, Children's Hospital of Soochow University, 215025, Suzhou, China
- Department of Pediatrics, Affiliated Huai'an Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, 223002, Huai'an, China
| | - Qin Shen
- Department of Cardiology, Children's Hospital of Soochow University, 215025, Suzhou, China
| | - Bo Wang
- Department of Cardiology, Children's Hospital of Soochow University, 215025, Suzhou, China
| | - Xuan Tang
- Department of Cardiology, Children's Hospital of Soochow University, 215025, Suzhou, China
| | - Jiaqi Jiang
- Department of Cardiology, Children's Hospital of Soochow University, 215025, Suzhou, China
| | - Yiming Zheng
- Department of Cardiology, Children's Hospital of Soochow University, 215025, Suzhou, China
| | - Hongbiao Huang
- Department of Cardiology, Children's Hospital of Soochow University, 215025, Suzhou, China
| | - Wenyu Zhuo
- Department of Cardiology, Children's Hospital of Soochow University, 215025, Suzhou, China
| | - Wang Wang
- Department of Cardiology, Children's Hospital of Soochow University, 215025, Suzhou, China
| | - Yang Gao
- Department of Cardiology, Children's Hospital of Soochow University, 215025, Suzhou, China
| | - Xuan Li
- Department of Cardiology, Children's Hospital of Soochow University, 215025, Suzhou, China
| | - Shuhui Wang
- Department of Cardiology, Children's Hospital of Soochow University, 215025, Suzhou, China
| | - Wenjie Li
- Department of Cardiology, Children's Hospital of Soochow University, 215025, Suzhou, China
| | - Guanghui Qian
- Department of Cardiology, Children's Hospital of Soochow University, 215025, Suzhou, China
| | - Jie Qin
- Department of Cardiology, Children's Hospital of Soochow University, 215025, Suzhou, China
| | - Miao Hou
- Department of Cardiology, Children's Hospital of Soochow University, 215025, Suzhou, China.
| | - Haitao Lv
- Department of Cardiology, Children's Hospital of Soochow University, 215025, Suzhou, China.
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Portal Teixeira P, Pozzer Zucatti K, Strassburger Matzenbacher L, Fink Wayerbacher L, Zhang M, Colpani V, Gerchman F. Long-term lifestyle intervention can reduce the development of type 2 diabetes mellitus in subjects with prediabetes: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Diabetes Res Clin Pract 2024; 210:111637. [PMID: 38548107 DOI: 10.1016/j.diabres.2024.111637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2023] [Revised: 03/07/2024] [Accepted: 03/25/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024]
Abstract
AIMS To evaluate the effectiveness of intensive lifestyle intervention (ILI) on the risk of type 2 diabetes (T2D) in prediabetes (PD). METHODS We searched the Cochrane Central, Embase, MEDLINE, and Web of Science (until February 2024) to include RCTs of adults with PD, comparing ILI vs. general advice on the incidence of T2D. Two authors extracted the data, applied the Cochrane Risk of Bias (RoB) 2.0 tool and the GRADE framework. Meta-analysis was performed using random effects models, estimating relative risk (RR) and the 95%CI. RESULTS Fifteen studies (n = 8,563, 46.7 % female, 53.3 ± 8.7 years, BMI 26.7 ± 5.4 Kg/m2) were included. ILI reduced T2D risk by 22 % when compared with general advice (RR 0.78; 95 %CI 0.72-0.85; I2 = 40 %; low certainty of evidence). Most studies had high risk of bias or raised some concerns. Sensitivity analysis showed that studies with mostly female populations and those using the WHO 1985 criteria for T2D had lower risk of the disease and that the longer the follow-up, the lower the protection. CONCLUSION ILI can prevent T2D in subjects with PD. Healthcare teams should aim for structured ILI to maintain long-term lifestyle improvements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paula Portal Teixeira
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre (HCPA), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil; Graduate Program in Medical Sciences: Endocrinology, Department Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil.
| | - Kelly Pozzer Zucatti
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre (HCPA), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil; Graduate Program in Medical Sciences: Endocrinology, Department Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | | | - Laura Fink Wayerbacher
- Faculty of Medicine, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil.
| | - Minghui Zhang
- Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA.
| | - Verônica Colpani
- Graduate Program in Medical Sciences: Endocrinology, Department Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Fernando Gerchman
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre (HCPA), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil; Graduate Program in Medical Sciences: Endocrinology, Department Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil.
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Baek KW, Kim JH, Yu HS, Kim JS. Adipose Tissue Macrophage Polarization Is Altered during Recovery after Exercise: A Large-Scale Flow Cytometric Study. Curr Issues Mol Biol 2024; 46:1308-1317. [PMID: 38392201 PMCID: PMC10887725 DOI: 10.3390/cimb46020083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2023] [Revised: 01/26/2024] [Accepted: 01/31/2024] [Indexed: 02/24/2024] Open
Abstract
We performed a large-scale flow cytometric analysis to determine whether M1 macrophage (M1Ø) and M2 macrophage (M2Ø) polarization in white adipose tissue (WAT) was altered immediately after exercise. Additionally, we comprehensively investigated the effects of obesity, exercise intensity, and recovery time on macrophage polarization in WAT. A single exercise bout of various intensities (ND, non-exercise control; -LIE, low-intensity exercise; -MIE, mid-intensity exercise; -HIE, high-intensity exercise) was performed by normal mice (ND) and obese mice (HFD). To confirm differences in M1Ø/M2Ø polarization in WAT based on the recovery time after a single exercise bout, WAT was acquired at 2 h, 24 h, and 48 h after exercise (total n = 168, 7 mice × 4 groups × 2 diets × 3 recovery time). The harvested WAT was immediately analyzed by flow cytometry, and macrophages were fluorescently labeled using F4/80, as well as M1Ø with CD11c and M2Øs with CD206. After a single bout of exercise, the M2Ø/M1Ø polarization ratio of WAT increases in both normal and obese mice, but differences vary depending on recovery time and intensity. Regardless of obesity, our findings showed that there could be a transient increase in M1Ø in WAT over a short recovery time (24 h) post-exercise (in ND-MIE, ND-HIE, and HFD-HIE). Furthermore, it was observed that the greater the exercise intensity in obese mice, the more effective the induction of M2Ø polarization immediately after exercise, as well as the maintenance of high M2Ø polarization, even after a prolonged recovery time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyung-Wan Baek
- Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Republic of Korea
- Department of Physical Education, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji Hyun Kim
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52725, Republic of Korea
| | - Hak Sun Yu
- Department of Parasitology and Tropical Medicine, Pusan National University School of Medicine, Yangsan 50612, Republic of Korea
- Research Institute for Convergence of Biomedical Science and Technology, Pusan National University Yangsan Hospital, Yangsan 50612, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji-Seok Kim
- Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Republic of Korea
- Department of Physical Education, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Republic of Korea
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11
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Chou TJ, Lin LY, Lu CW, Hsu YJ, Huang CC, Huang KC. Effects of aerobic, resistance, and high-intensity interval training on thermogenic gene expression in white adipose tissue in high fat diet induced obese mice. Obes Res Clin Pract 2024; 18:64-72. [PMID: 38238145 DOI: 10.1016/j.orcp.2024.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2023] [Revised: 11/10/2023] [Accepted: 01/07/2024] [Indexed: 03/03/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Global prevalence of obesity has continued to rise and poses public health concerns. Current anti-obesity medications are mainly focused on suppressing appetite. Thermogenic fat cells that increase energy expenditure may be a promising alternative target to combat obesity. Our study aims to investigate the effects of aerobic, resistance, and high-intensity interval training on thermogenic gene expression in white adipose tissue in high fat diet induced obese mice. METHODS Fifty 6-week-old male C57BL/6 mice were initially divided into control group and high fat diet group for obesity induction. After 8 weeks of obesity induction, obese mice were subdivided into sedentary, aerobic exercise, resistance exercise, and high intensity interval training groups. Trained obese mice were submitted to 8 weeks of exercise. RESULTS Our results showed that all three exercises significantly decreased body weight, and improved metabolic profiles including glucose tolerance, total cholesterol, and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol. Moreover, aerobic exercise training increases serum irisin levels and thermogenic gene expressions such as Prdm16, Cidea, and Pgc-1α in epididymal white adipose tissue of obese mice. CONCLUSION Our findings suggest that when it comes to the adaption of thermogenic fat cells, the modality of exercise should be taken into consideration. Aerobic exercise may induce a modest increase in the expression levels of certain thermogenic genes in epididymal white adipose tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tzu-Jung Chou
- Department of Family Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital Hsin-Chu Branch, Hsinchu, Taiwan; Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Li-Yu Lin
- Graduate Institute of Sports Science, National Taiwan Sport University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Wen Lu
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan; Department of Family Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan; Department of Family Medicine, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Ju Hsu
- Graduate Institute of Sports Science, National Taiwan Sport University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Chi-Chang Huang
- Graduate Institute of Sports Science, National Taiwan Sport University, Taoyuan, Taiwan.
| | - Kuo-Chin Huang
- Department of Family Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital Hsin-Chu Branch, Hsinchu, Taiwan; Department of Family Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan; Department of Family Medicine, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan.
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12
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Abbasi M, Fan Z, Dawson JA, Wang S. Anti-obesity and metabolic benefits of metformin: Comparison of different delivery routes. J Drug Deliv Sci Technol 2024; 91:105110. [PMID: 38188941 PMCID: PMC10768944 DOI: 10.1016/j.jddst.2023.105110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2024]
Abstract
Obesity is a severe public health problem. Healthy lifestyle interventions are commonly recommended for fighting obesity. But they are hard to follow and have low efficacy. Pharmacotherapy and surgery are of high efficacy but are beset with side effects. Browning subcutaneous white adipose tissue (WAT) is a practical and efficient approach for combating obesity. Metformin, a commonly used FDA-approved antidiabetic drug, is potent to induce browning of WAT through phosphorylation and activation of AMP-activated protein kinase. However, oral administration of metformin has low oral bioavailability, fast renal clearance, and low target specificity that limit metformin's application in browning WAT. Local and transdermal delivery of metformin directly to subcutaneous WAT using injection or microneedle (MN) in combination with iontophoresis (INT) may solve these problems. In this paper, we administered metformin to C57BL/6J obese mice using the following three routes: transdermal delivery (MN and INT), local injection into inguinal WAT (IgWAT, a type of subcutaneous WAT in mice), and oral gavage. The anti-obesity and metabolic effects of metformin via these delivery routes were determined and compared. As compared to local IgWAT injection and oral gavage delivery, transdermal delivery of metformin using MN and INT resulted in 9% lower body weight and 7% decrease in body fat% accompanied by improved energy metabolism and decreased inflammation through browning IgWAT in obese C57BL/6J mice. Transdermal delivery of metformin using MN and INT is an effective approach in browning subcutaneous WAT for combating obesity and improving metabolic health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehrnaz Abbasi
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, Texas 79409, USA
- College of Human Sciences, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, 36830, USA
| | - Zhaoyang Fan
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, Texas 79409, USA
- School of Electrical, Computer and Energy Engineering, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona 85281, USA
| | - John A. Dawson
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, Texas 79409, USA
- Department of Economics, Applied Statistics, and International, New Mexico State University, Las Cruces, New Mexico 88003, USA
| | - Shu Wang
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, Texas 79409, USA
- College of Health Solutions, Arizona State University, Phoenix, Arizona, 85004, USA
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13
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Dwaib HS, Michel MC. Is the β 3-Adrenoceptor a Valid Target for the Treatment of Obesity and/or Type 2 Diabetes? Biomolecules 2023; 13:1714. [PMID: 38136585 PMCID: PMC10742325 DOI: 10.3390/biom13121714] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2023] [Revised: 11/21/2023] [Accepted: 11/25/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
β3-Adrenoceptors mediate several functions in rodents that could be beneficial for the treatment of obesity and type 2 diabetes. This includes promotion of insulin release from the pancreas, cellular glucose uptake, lipolysis, and thermogenesis in brown adipose tissue. In combination, they lead to a reduction of body weight in several rodent models including ob/ob mice and Zucker diabetic fatty rats. These findings stimulated drug development programs in various pharmaceutical companies, and at least nine β3-adrenoceptor agonists have been tested in clinical trials. However, all of these projects were discontinued due to the lack of clinically relevant changes in body weight. Following a concise historical account of discoveries leading to such drug development programs we discuss species differences that explain why β3-adrenoceptors are not a meaningful drug target for the treatment of obesity and type 2 diabetes in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haneen S. Dwaib
- Department of Clinical Nutrition and Dietetics, Palestine Ahliya University, Bethlehem P.O. Box 1041, Palestine;
| | - Martin C. Michel
- Department of Pharmacology, University Medical Center, Johannes Gutenberg University, Langenbeckstr. 1, 55131 Mainz, Germany
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14
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Sun X, Sui W, Mu Z, Xie S, Deng J, Li S, Seki T, Wu J, Jing X, He X, Wang Y, Li X, Yang Y, Huang P, Ge M, Cao Y. Mirabegron displays anticancer effects by globally browning adipose tissues. Nat Commun 2023; 14:7610. [PMID: 37993438 PMCID: PMC10665320 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-43350-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2023] [Accepted: 11/07/2023] [Indexed: 11/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Metabolic reprogramming in malignant cells is a hallmark of cancer that relies on augmented glycolytic metabolism to support their growth, invasion, and metastasis. However, the impact of global adipose metabolism on tumor growth and the drug development by targeting adipose metabolism remain largely unexplored. Here we show that a therapeutic paradigm of drugs is effective for treating various cancer types by browning adipose tissues. Mirabegron, a clinically available drug for overactive bladders, displays potent anticancer effects in various animal cancer models, including untreatable cancers such as pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma and hepatocellular carcinoma, via the browning of adipose tissues. Genetic deletion of the uncoupling protein 1, a key thermogenic protein in adipose tissues, ablates the anticancer effect. Similarly, the removal of brown adipose tissue, which is responsible for non-shivering thermogenesis, attenuates the anticancer activity of mirabegron. These findings demonstrate that mirabegron represents a paradigm of anticancer drugs with a distinct mechanism for the effective treatment of multiple cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoting Sun
- Oujiang Laboratory (Zhejiang Lab for Regenerative Medicine, Vison and Brain Health), School of Pharmaceutical Science, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
- Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology, Karolinska Institutet, 171 65, Solna, Sweden
| | - Wenhai Sui
- National Key Laboratory for Innovation and Transformation of Luobing Theory National Key Laboratory for Innovation and Transformation of Luobing Theory; The Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function Research, Chinese Ministry of Education, Chinese National Health Commission and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, The State and Shandong Province Joint Key Laboratory of Translational Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Cardiology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, 250012, Jinan, China
| | - Zepeng Mu
- Department of Endocrinology, Affiliated Hospital of Medical College Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Sisi Xie
- Department of Cellular and Genetic Medicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, 200032, Shanghai, China
| | - Jinxiu Deng
- Department of Cellular and Genetic Medicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, 200032, Shanghai, China
| | - Sen Li
- Department of Cellular and Genetic Medicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, 200032, Shanghai, China
| | - Takahiro Seki
- Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology, Karolinska Institutet, 171 65, Solna, Sweden
| | - Jieyu Wu
- Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology, Karolinska Institutet, 171 65, Solna, Sweden
| | - Xu Jing
- Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology, Karolinska Institutet, 171 65, Solna, Sweden
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, Center of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, People's Hospital of Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xingkang He
- Department of Gastroenterology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University Medical School, Hangzhou, 310016, China
| | - Yangang Wang
- Department of Endocrinology, Affiliated Hospital of Medical College Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Xiaokun Li
- Oujiang Laboratory (Zhejiang Lab for Regenerative Medicine, Vison and Brain Health), School of Pharmaceutical Science, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Yunlong Yang
- Department of Cellular and Genetic Medicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, 200032, Shanghai, China.
| | - Ping Huang
- Department of Pharmacy, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, People's Hospital of Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, China.
- Key Laboratory of Endocrine Gland Diseases of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China.
| | - Minghua Ge
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, Center of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, People's Hospital of Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, China.
| | - Yihai Cao
- Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology, Karolinska Institutet, 171 65, Solna, Sweden.
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15
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Jia D, Tian Z, Wang R. Exercise mitigates age-related metabolic diseases by improving mitochondrial dysfunction. Ageing Res Rev 2023; 91:102087. [PMID: 37832607 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2023.102087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2023] [Revised: 09/30/2023] [Accepted: 10/09/2023] [Indexed: 10/15/2023]
Abstract
The benefits of regular physical activity are related to delaying and reversing the onset of ageing and age-related disorders, including cardiomyopathy, neurodegenerative diseases, cancer, obesity, diabetes, and fatty liver diseases. However, the molecular mechanisms of the benefits of exercise or physical activity on ageing and age-related disorders remain poorly understood. Mitochondrial dysfunction is implicated in the pathogenesis of ageing and age-related metabolic diseases. Mitochondrial health is an important mediator of cellular function. Therefore, exercise alleviates metabolic diseases in individuals with advancing ageing and age-related diseases by the remarkable promotion of mitochondrial biogenesis and function. Exerkines are identified as signaling moieties released in response to exercise. Exerkines released by exercise have potential roles in improving mitochondrial dysfunction in response to age-related disorders. This review comprehensive summarizes the benefits of exercise in metabolic diseases, linking mitochondrial dysfunction to the onset of age-related diseases. Using relevant examples utilizing this approach, the possibility of designing therapeutic interventions based on these molecular mechanisms is addressed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dandan Jia
- School of Exercise and Health, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai 200438, China.
| | - Zhenjun Tian
- Institute of Sports and Exercise Biology, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an 710119, China
| | - Ru Wang
- School of Exercise and Health, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai 200438, China.
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16
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Li YJ, Wu RY, Liu RP, Wu KY, Ding MN, Sun R, Gu YQ, Zhou F, Wu JZ, Zheng Q, Duan SN, Li RR, Zhang YH, Li FH, Li X. Aurantio-obtusin ameliorates obesity by activating PPARα-dependent mitochondrial thermogenesis in brown adipose tissues. Acta Pharmacol Sin 2023; 44:1826-1840. [PMID: 37095199 PMCID: PMC10462708 DOI: 10.1038/s41401-023-01089-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2023] [Accepted: 04/04/2023] [Indexed: 04/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Obesity contributes to the progression of various chronic diseases, and shortens life expectancy. With abundant mitochondria, brown adipose tissue (BAT) dissipates energy through heat to limit weight gain and metabolic dysfunction in obesity. Our previous studies have shown that aurantio-obtusin (AO), a bioactive ingredient in Chinese traditional medicine Cassiae semen significantly improves hepatic lipid metabolism in a steatotic mouse model. In the current study we investigated the effects of AO on lipid metabolism in the BAT of diet-induced obesity mice and in oleic acid and palmitic acid (OAPA)-stimulated primary mature BAT adipocytes. Obese mice were established by feeding a HFHS diet for 4 weeks, and then administered AO (10 mg/kg, i.g.) for another 4 weeks. We showed that AO administration significantly increased the weight of BAT and accelerated energy expenditure to protect the weight increase in the obese mice. Using RNA sequencing and molecular biology analysis we found that AO significantly enhanced mitochondrial metabolism and UCP1 expression by activating PPARα both in vivo and in vitro in the primary BAT adipocytes. Interestingly, AO administration did not improve metabolic dysfunction in the liver and white adipose tissue of obese mice after interscapular BAT excision. We demonstrated that low temperature, a trigger of BAT thermogenesis, was not a decisive factor for AO to stimulate the growth and activation of BATs. This study uncovers a regulatory network of AO in activating BAT-dependent lipid consumption and brings up a new avenue for the pharmaceutical intervention in obesity and related comorbidities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Jie Li
- School of Life Sciences, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Rui-Yu Wu
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Run-Ping Liu
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100029, China.
| | - Kai-Yi Wu
- The Second Hospital of Shandong University, Shandong University, Ji-nan, 250033, China
| | - Ming-Ning Ding
- School of Life Sciences, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Rong Sun
- The Second Hospital of Shandong University, Shandong University, Ji-nan, 250033, China
| | - Yi-Qing Gu
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Fei Zhou
- School of Life Sciences, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Jian-Zhi Wu
- School of Life Sciences, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Qi Zheng
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Shu-Ni Duan
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Rong-Rong Li
- The Second Hospital of Shandong University, Shandong University, Ji-nan, 250033, China
| | - Yin-Hao Zhang
- School of Life Sciences, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Fang-Hong Li
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Xiaojiaoyang Li
- School of Life Sciences, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100029, China.
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17
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Chen L, Zhou M, Li H, Liu D, Liao P, Zong Y, Zhang C, Zou W, Gao J. Mitochondrial heterogeneity in diseases. Signal Transduct Target Ther 2023; 8:311. [PMID: 37607925 PMCID: PMC10444818 DOI: 10.1038/s41392-023-01546-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2022] [Revised: 02/21/2023] [Accepted: 06/13/2023] [Indexed: 08/24/2023] Open
Abstract
As key organelles involved in cellular metabolism, mitochondria frequently undergo adaptive changes in morphology, components and functions in response to various environmental stresses and cellular demands. Previous studies of mitochondria research have gradually evolved, from focusing on morphological change analysis to systematic multiomics, thereby revealing the mitochondrial variation between cells or within the mitochondrial population within a single cell. The phenomenon of mitochondrial variation features is defined as mitochondrial heterogeneity. Moreover, mitochondrial heterogeneity has been reported to influence a variety of physiological processes, including tissue homeostasis, tissue repair, immunoregulation, and tumor progression. Here, we comprehensively review the mitochondrial heterogeneity in different tissues under pathological states, involving variant features of mitochondrial DNA, RNA, protein and lipid components. Then, the mechanisms that contribute to mitochondrial heterogeneity are also summarized, such as the mutation of the mitochondrial genome and the import of mitochondrial proteins that result in the heterogeneity of mitochondrial DNA and protein components. Additionally, multiple perspectives are investigated to better comprehend the mysteries of mitochondrial heterogeneity between cells. Finally, we summarize the prospective mitochondrial heterogeneity-targeting therapies in terms of alleviating mitochondrial oxidative damage, reducing mitochondrial carbon stress and enhancing mitochondrial biogenesis to relieve various pathological conditions. The possibility of recent technological advances in targeted mitochondrial gene editing is also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Long Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Sciences, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200031, China
| | - Mengnan Zhou
- Department of Pathogenic Biology, School of Basic Medical Science, China Medical University, Shenyang, 110001, China
| | - Hao Li
- Department of Orthopaedics, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200233, China
| | - Delin Liu
- Department of Orthopaedics, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200233, China
| | - Peng Liao
- Department of Orthopaedics, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200233, China
| | - Yao Zong
- Centre for Orthopaedic Research, Medical School, The University of Western Australia, Nedlands, WA, 6009, Australia
| | - Changqing Zhang
- Department of Orthopaedics, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200233, China.
| | - Weiguo Zou
- State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Sciences, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200031, China.
- Institute of Microsurgery on Extremities, and Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200233, China.
| | - Junjie Gao
- Department of Orthopaedics, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200233, China.
- Institute of Microsurgery on Extremities, and Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200233, China.
- Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital Fujian, No. 16, Luoshan Section, Jinguang Road, Luoshan Street, Jinjiang City, Quanzhou, Fujian, China.
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18
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Li Q, Wang O, Ji B, Zhao L, Zhao L. Alcohol, White Adipose Tissue, and Brown Adipose Tissue: Mechanistic Links to Lipogenesis and Lipolysis. Nutrients 2023; 15:2953. [PMID: 37447280 PMCID: PMC10346806 DOI: 10.3390/nu15132953] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2023] [Revised: 06/21/2023] [Accepted: 06/27/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
According to data from the World Health Organization, there were about 3 million deaths caused by alcohol consumption worldwide in 2016, of which about 50% were related to liver disease. Alcohol consumption interfering with the normal function of adipocytes has an important impact on the pathogenesis of alcoholic liver disease. There has been increasing recognition of the crucial role of adipose tissue in regulating systemic metabolism, far beyond that of an inert energy storage organ in recent years. The endocrine function of adipose tissue is widely recognized, and the significance of the proteins it produces and releases is still being investigated. Alcohol consumption may affect white adipose tissue (WAT) and brown adipose tissue (BAT), which interact with surrounding tissues such as the liver and intestines. This review briefly introduces the basic concept and classification of adipose tissue and summarizes the mechanism of alcohol affecting lipolysis and lipogenesis in WAT and BAT. The adipose tissue-liver axis is crucial in maintaining lipid homeostasis within the body. Therefore, this review also demonstrates the effects of alcohol consumption on the adipose tissue-liver axis to explore the role of alcohol consumption in the crosstalk between adipose tissue and the liver.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing Li
- Beijing Engineering and Technology Research Center of Food Additives, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing 100048, China;
| | - Ou Wang
- National Institute for Nutrition and Health, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 100050, China;
| | - Baoping Ji
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Functional Food from Plant Resources, College of Food Science & Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China;
| | - Liang Zhao
- Beijing Engineering and Technology Research Center of Food Additives, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing 100048, China;
| | - Lei Zhao
- School of Food and Health, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing 100048, China
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19
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Kirwan JP, Heintz EC, Rebello CJ, Axelrod CL. Exercise in the Prevention and Treatment of Type 2 Diabetes. Compr Physiol 2023; 13:4559-4585. [PMID: 36815623 DOI: 10.1002/cphy.c220009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/24/2023]
Abstract
Type 2 diabetes is a systemic, multifactorial disease that is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality globally. Despite a rise in the number of available medications and treatments available for management, exercise remains a first-line prevention and intervention strategy due to established safety, efficacy, and tolerability in the general population. Herein we review the predisposing risk factors for, prevention, pathophysiology, and treatment of type 2 diabetes. We emphasize key cellular and molecular adaptive processes that provide insight into our evolving understanding of how, when, and what types of exercise may improve glycemic control. © 2023 American Physiological Society. Compr Physiol 13:1-27, 2023.
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Affiliation(s)
- John P Kirwan
- Integrative Physiology and Molecular Medicine Laboratory, Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Baton Rouge, Louisiana, USA
| | - Elizabeth C Heintz
- Integrative Physiology and Molecular Medicine Laboratory, Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Baton Rouge, Louisiana, USA
| | - Candida J Rebello
- Integrative Physiology and Molecular Medicine Laboratory, Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Baton Rouge, Louisiana, USA
| | - Christopher L Axelrod
- Integrative Physiology and Molecular Medicine Laboratory, Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Baton Rouge, Louisiana, USA
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20
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Feng Y, Cui Z, Lu X, Gong H, Liu X, Wang H, Cheng H, Gao H, Shi X, Li Y, Ye H, Zhang Q, Kong X. Transcriptomics Dissection of Calorie Restriction and Exercise Training in Brown Adipose Tissue and Skeletal Muscle. Nutrients 2023; 15:nu15041047. [PMID: 36839405 PMCID: PMC9966723 DOI: 10.3390/nu15041047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2023] [Revised: 02/17/2023] [Accepted: 02/18/2023] [Indexed: 02/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Calorie restriction (CR) and exercise training (EX) are two critical lifestyle interventions for the prevention and treatment of metabolic diseases, such as obesity and diabetes. Brown adipose tissue (BAT) and skeletal muscle are two important organs for the generation of heat. Here, we undertook detailed transcriptional profiling of these two thermogenic tissues from mice treated subjected to CR and/or EX. We found transcriptional reprogramming of BAT and skeletal muscle as a result of CR but little from EX. Consistent with this, CR induced alterations in the expression of genes encoding adipokines and myokines in BAT and skeletal muscle, respectively. Deconvolution analysis showed differences in the subpopulations of myogenic cells, mesothelial cells and endogenic cells in BAT and in the subpopulations of satellite cells, immune cells and endothelial cells in skeletal muscle as a result of CR or EX. NicheNet analysis, exploring potential inter-organ communication, indicated that BAT and skeletal muscle could mutually regulate their fatty acid metabolism and thermogenesis through ligands and receptors. These data comprise an extensive resource for the study of thermogenic tissue molecular responses to CR and/or EX in a healthy state.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yonghao Feng
- Department of Endocrinology, Jinshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 201508, China
| | - Zhicheng Cui
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, China
| | - Xiaodan Lu
- Precision Medicine Center, Jilin Province General Hospital, Changchun 130021, China
| | - Hongyu Gong
- School of Life Sciences, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot 010000, China
| | - Xiaoyu Liu
- School of Life Sciences, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot 010000, China
| | - Hui Wang
- Institute of Metabolism and Integrative Biology, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, China
| | - Haoyu Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, China
| | - Huanqing Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, China
| | - Xiaohong Shi
- Department of Endocrinology, Jinshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 201508, China
| | - Yiming Li
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200040, China
| | - Hongying Ye
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200040, China
| | - Qiongyue Zhang
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200040, China
- Correspondence: (Q.Z.); (X.K.)
| | - Xingxing Kong
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Huashan Hospital, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, China
- Correspondence: (Q.Z.); (X.K.)
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21
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Ziqubu K, Mazibuko-Mbeje SE, Mthembu SXH, Mabhida SE, Jack BU, Nyambuya TM, Nkambule BB, Basson AK, Tiano L, Dludla PV. Anti-Obesity Effects of Metformin: A Scoping Review Evaluating the Feasibility of Brown Adipose Tissue as a Therapeutic Target. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24032227. [PMID: 36768561 PMCID: PMC9917329 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24032227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2022] [Revised: 01/11/2023] [Accepted: 01/16/2023] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Brown adipose tissue (BAT) is increasingly recognized as the major therapeutic target to promote energy expenditure and ameliorate diverse metabolic complications. There is a general interest in understanding the pleiotropic effects of metformin against metabolic complications. Major electronic databases and search engines such as PubMed/MEDLINE, Google Scholar, and the Cochrane library were used to retrieve and critically discuss evidence reporting on the impact of metformin on regulating BAT thermogenic activity to ameliorate complications linked with obesity. The summarized evidence suggests that metformin can reduce body weight, enhance insulin sensitivity, and improve glucose metabolism by promoting BAT thermogenic activity in preclinical models of obesity. Notably, this anti-diabetic agent can affect the expression of major thermogenic transcriptional factors such as uncoupling protein 1 (UCP1), nuclear respiratory factor 1 (NRF1), and peroxisome-proliferator-activated receptor gamma coactivator 1-alpha (PGC1-α) to improve BAT mitochondrial function and promote energy expenditure. Interestingly, vital molecular markers involved in glucose metabolism and energy regulation such as AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) and fibroblast growth factor 21 (FGF21) are similarly upregulated by metformin treatment in preclinical models of obesity. The current review also discusses the clinical relevance of BAT and thermogenesis as therapeutic targets. This review explored critical components including effective dosage and appropriate intervention period, consistent with the beneficial effects of metformin against obesity-associated complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khanyisani Ziqubu
- Biomedical Research and Innovation Platform, South African Medical Research Council, Tygerberg 7505, South Africa
- Department of Biochemistry, North-West University, Mmabatho 2745, South Africa
| | - Sithandiwe E. Mazibuko-Mbeje
- Department of Biochemistry, North-West University, Mmabatho 2745, South Africa
- Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, Polytechnic University of Marche, 60131 Ancona, Italy
- Correspondence: (S.E.M.-M.); (P.V.D.); Tel.: +27-21-938-0333 (P.V.D.)
| | - Sinenhlanhla X. H. Mthembu
- Biomedical Research and Innovation Platform, South African Medical Research Council, Tygerberg 7505, South Africa
- Department of Biochemistry, North-West University, Mmabatho 2745, South Africa
| | - Sihle E. Mabhida
- Biomedical Research and Innovation Platform, South African Medical Research Council, Tygerberg 7505, South Africa
| | - Babalwa U. Jack
- Biomedical Research and Innovation Platform, South African Medical Research Council, Tygerberg 7505, South Africa
| | - Tawanda M. Nyambuya
- Department of Health Sciences, Namibia University of Science and Technology, Windhoek 9000, Namibia
| | - Bongani B. Nkambule
- School of Laboratory Medicine and Medical Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban 4000, South Africa
| | - Albertus K. Basson
- Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, University of Zululand, KwaDlangezwa 3880, South Africa
| | - Luca Tiano
- Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, Polytechnic University of Marche, 60131 Ancona, Italy
| | - Phiwayinkosi V. Dludla
- Biomedical Research and Innovation Platform, South African Medical Research Council, Tygerberg 7505, South Africa
- Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, University of Zululand, KwaDlangezwa 3880, South Africa
- Correspondence: (S.E.M.-M.); (P.V.D.); Tel.: +27-21-938-0333 (P.V.D.)
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22
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The Contribution of Tumor Derived Exosomes to Cancer Cachexia. Cells 2023; 12:cells12020292. [PMID: 36672227 PMCID: PMC9856599 DOI: 10.3390/cells12020292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2022] [Revised: 01/08/2023] [Accepted: 01/10/2023] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancer cachexia is defined as unintentional weight loss secondary to neoplasia and is associated with poor prognosis and outcomes. Cancer cachexia associated weight loss affects both lean tissue (i.e., skeletal muscle) and adipose tissue. Exosomes are extracellular vesicles that originate from multivesicular bodies that contain intentionally loaded biomolecular cargo. Exosome cargo includes proteins, lipids, mitochondrial components, and nucleic acids. The cargo carried in exosomes is thought to alter cell signaling when it enters into recipient cells. Virtually every cell type secretes exosomes and exosomes are known to be present in nearly every biofluid. Exosomes alter muscle and adipose tissue metabolism and biological processes, including macrophage polarization and apoptosis which contribute to the development of the cachexia phenotype. This has led to an interest in the role of tumor cell derived exosomes and their potential role as biomarkers of cancer cell development as well as their contribution to cachexia and disease progression. In this review, we highlight published findings that have studied the effects of tumor derived exosomes (and extracellular vesicles) and their cargo on the progression of cancer cachexia. We will focus on the direct effects of tumor derived exosomes and their cellular cross talk on skeletal muscle and adipose tissue, the primary sites of weight loss due to cancer cachexia.
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23
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Gou W, Wei H, Swaby L, Green E, Wang H. Deletion of Spinophilin Promotes White Adipocyte Browning. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2023; 16:91. [PMID: 36678589 PMCID: PMC9864510 DOI: 10.3390/ph16010091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2022] [Revised: 01/05/2023] [Accepted: 01/05/2023] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Browning of white adipose tissue (WAT) is suggested as a promising therapeutic approach to induce energy expenditure and counteract obesity and its associated complications. Systemic depletion of spinophilin (SPL) increases metabolism and improves energy balance in mice. In this study, we explored the mechanistic insight of SPL action in WAT browning. Gene expression and mitochondria tracker staining showed that visceral white adipose tissue (vWAT) harvested from SPL KO mice had a higher expression of classic browning-related genes, including uncoupling protein 1 (UCP1), Cell death inducing DFFA like effector A (CIDEA) and PR domain containing 16 (PRDM16), as well as a higher mtDNA level compared to vWAT from wild type (WT) control mice. When adipogenesis was induced in pre-adipocytes harvested from KO and WT mice ex vivo using the PPAR-γ agonist rosiglitazone (Rosi), SPL KO cells showed increased browning marker gene expression and mitochondria function compared to cells from WT mice. Increased PPAR-γ protein expression and nucleus retention in vWAT from SPL KO mice after Rosi treatment were also observed. The effect of SPL on vWAT browning was further confirmed in vivo when WT and KO mice were treated with Rosi. As a result, SPL KO mice lost body weight, which was associated with increased expression of browning maker genes in vWAT. In summary, our data demonstrate the critical role of SPL in the regulation of WAT browning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenyu Gou
- Department of Surgery, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29425, USA
| | - Hua Wei
- Department of Surgery, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29425, USA
| | - Lindsay Swaby
- Department of Surgery, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29425, USA
| | - Erica Green
- Department of Surgery, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29425, USA
| | - Hongjun Wang
- Department of Surgery, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29425, USA
- Ralph H. Johnson Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Charleston, SC 29401, USA
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24
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Tayanloo-Beik A, Nikkhah A, Alaei S, Goodarzi P, Rezaei-Tavirani M, Mafi AR, Larijani B, Shouroki FF, Arjmand B. Brown adipose tissue and alzheimer's disease. Metab Brain Dis 2023; 38:91-107. [PMID: 36322277 DOI: 10.1007/s11011-022-01097-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2022] [Accepted: 10/01/2022] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD), the most common type of senile dementia, is a chronic neurodegenerative disease characterized by cognitive dysfunction and behavioral disability. The two histopathological hallmarks in this disease are the extraneuronal accumulation of amyloid-β (Aβ) and the intraneuronal deposition of neurofibrillary tangles (NFTs). Despite this, central and peripheral metabolic dysfunction, such as abnormal brain signaling, insulin resistance, inflammation, and impaired glucose utilization, have been indicated to be correlated with AD. There is solid evidence that the age-associated thermoregulatory deficit induces diverse metabolic changes associated with AD development. Brown adipose tissue (BAT) has been known as a thermoregulatory organ particularly vital during infancy. However, in recent years, BAT has been accepted as an endocrine organ, being involved in various functions that prevent AD, such as regulating energy metabolism, secreting hormones, improving insulin sensitivity, and increasing glucose utilization in adult humans. This review focuses on the mechanisms of BAT activation and the effect of aging on BAT production and signaling. Specifically, the evidence demonstrating the effect of BAT on pathological mechanisms influencing the development of AD, including insulin pathway, thermoregulation, and other hormonal pathways, are reviewed in this article.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akram Tayanloo-Beik
- Cell Therapy and Regenerative Medicine Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Molecular-Cellular Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Amirabbas Nikkhah
- School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Setareh Alaei
- Cell Therapy and Regenerative Medicine Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Molecular-Cellular Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Parisa Goodarzi
- Cell Therapy and Regenerative Medicine Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Molecular-Cellular Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Ahmad Rezazadeh Mafi
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Imam Hossein Hospital, Shaheed Beheshti Medical University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Bagher Larijani
- Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Clinical Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Fatemeh Fazeli Shouroki
- Cell Therapy and Regenerative Medicine Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Molecular-Cellular Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Babak Arjmand
- Cell Therapy and Regenerative Medicine Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Molecular-Cellular Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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25
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Ruze R, Liu T, Zou X, Song J, Chen Y, Xu R, Yin X, Xu Q. Obesity and type 2 diabetes mellitus: connections in epidemiology, pathogenesis, and treatments. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2023; 14:1161521. [PMID: 37152942 PMCID: PMC10161731 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2023.1161521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 88.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2023] [Accepted: 04/06/2023] [Indexed: 05/09/2023] Open
Abstract
The prevalence of obesity and diabetes mellitus (DM) has been consistently increasing worldwide. Sharing powerful genetic and environmental features in their pathogenesis, obesity amplifies the impact of genetic susceptibility and environmental factors on DM. The ectopic expansion of adipose tissue and excessive accumulation of certain nutrients and metabolites sabotage the metabolic balance via insulin resistance, dysfunctional autophagy, and microbiome-gut-brain axis, further exacerbating the dysregulation of immunometabolism through low-grade systemic inflammation, leading to an accelerated loss of functional β-cells and gradual elevation of blood glucose. Given these intricate connections, most available treatments of obesity and type 2 DM (T2DM) have a mutual effect on each other. For example, anti-obesity drugs can be anti-diabetic to some extent, and some anti-diabetic medicines, in contrast, have been shown to increase body weight, such as insulin. Meanwhile, surgical procedures, especially bariatric surgery, are more effective for both obesity and T2DM. Besides guaranteeing the availability and accessibility of all the available diagnostic and therapeutic tools, more clinical and experimental investigations on the pathogenesis of these two diseases are warranted to improve the efficacy and safety of the available and newly developed treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rexiati Ruze
- Department of General Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Research in Pancreatic Tumor, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
- Graduate School, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Tiantong Liu
- Key Laboratory of Research in Pancreatic Tumor, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
- School of Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Xi Zou
- Key Laboratory of Research in Pancreatic Tumor, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
- Graduate School, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Jianlu Song
- Department of General Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Research in Pancreatic Tumor, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
- Graduate School, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Yuan Chen
- Department of General Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Research in Pancreatic Tumor, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
- Graduate School, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Ruiyuan Xu
- Department of General Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Research in Pancreatic Tumor, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
- Graduate School, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Xinpeng Yin
- Department of General Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Research in Pancreatic Tumor, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
- Graduate School, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Qiang Xu
- Department of General Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Research in Pancreatic Tumor, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
- *Correspondence: Qiang Xu,
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26
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Alito A, Quartarone A, Leonardi G, Tisano A, Bruschetta A, Cucinotta F, Milardi D, Portaro S. Brown adipose tissue human biomarkers: Which one fits best? A narrative review. Medicine (Baltimore) 2022; 101:e32181. [PMID: 36482525 PMCID: PMC9726395 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000032181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Adipose tissue (AT) is an endocrine metabolically dynamic active tissue that plays a central role in the systemic energy balance and metabolic regulation. Brown AT represents approximately 1% of adult human AT, with an energy-burning function that uses fat to create heat. Brown AT activity was measured using 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography/computed tomography. It has been shown that cold exposure could promote brown AT activation. However, many factors, such as aging and body mass index, may interfere with this activity. Many authors have discussed the role of factors specifically secreted by the AT in response to cold exposure. The aim of this review is to properly understand the effects of cold on AT and biomarkers and their possible application in rehabilitation medicine. A comprehensive literature review was performed to identify published studies regarding biomarkers of cold effects on Brown AT searching the following databases: PubMed, Science Direct, and Web of Science, from 2012 to 2022. After evaluation of the inclusion and exclusion criteria, 9 studies were included in this review. We reported the overall influence of cold exposure on brown AT activity, its related biomarkers, and metabolism, demonstrating that the therapeutic role of cold exposure needs to be better standardized. From our data, it is important to design proper clinical trials because most cold applied protocols lack a common and homogeneous methodology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angelo Alito
- Department of Biomedical, Dental Sciences and Morphological and Functional Images, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
- * Correspondence: Angelo Alito, Department of Biomedical, Dental Sciences and Morphological and Functional Images, University of Messina, Via Consolare Valeria, 1, Messina, Cap 98125, Italy (e-mail: )
| | | | - Giulia Leonardi
- Department of Physical and Rehabilitation Medicine and Sports Medicine, Policlinico “G. Martino”, Messina, Italy
| | - Adriana Tisano
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | | | | | - Demetrio Milardi
- Department of Biomedical, Dental Sciences and Morphological and Functional Images, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Simona Portaro
- Department of Physical and Rehabilitation Medicine and Sports Medicine, Policlinico “G. Martino”, Messina, Italy
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27
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Exercise training improves obesity-induced inflammatory signaling in rat brown adipose tissue. Biochem Biophys Rep 2022; 32:101398. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrep.2022.101398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2022] [Revised: 11/19/2022] [Accepted: 11/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
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28
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Wakefield B, Penuela S. Potential Implications of Exercise Training on Pannexin Expression and Function. J Vasc Res 2022; 60:114-124. [PMID: 36366809 DOI: 10.1159/000527240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2022] [Accepted: 09/14/2022] [Indexed: 09/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Pannexins (PANX1, 2, 3) are channel-forming glycoproteins that are expressed throughout the cardiovascular and musculoskeletal system. The canonical function of these proteins is to release nucleotides that act as purinergic signalling at the cell membrane or Ca2+ channels at the endoplasmic reticulum membrane. These two forms of signalling are essential for autocrine and paracrine signalling in health, and alterations in this signalling have been implicated in the pathogenesis of many diseases. Many musculoskeletal and cardiovascular diseases are largely the result of a lack of physical activity which causes altered gene expression. Considering exercise training has been shown to alter a wide array of gene expression in musculoskeletal tissues, understanding the interaction between exercise training, gene function and expression in relevant diseases is warranted. With regards to pannexins, multiple publications have shown that exercise training can influence pannexin expression and may influence the significance of its function in certain diseases. This review further discusses the potential interaction between exercise training and pannexin biology in relevant tissues and disease models. We propose that exercise training in relevant animal and human models will provide a more comprehensive understanding of the implications of pannexin biology in disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brent Wakefield
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada
- Western's Bone and Joint Institute, The Dr. Sandy Kirkley Centre for Musculoskeletal Research, University Hospital, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Silvia Penuela
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada
- Western's Bone and Joint Institute, The Dr. Sandy Kirkley Centre for Musculoskeletal Research, University Hospital, London, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Oncology, Division of Experimental Oncology, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada
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29
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Furlan A, Corona A, Boyle S, Sharma R, Rubino R, Habel J, Gablenz EC, Giovanniello J, Beyaz S, Janowitz T, Shea SD, Li B. Neurotensin neurons in the extended amygdala control dietary choice and energy homeostasis. Nat Neurosci 2022; 25:1470-1480. [PMID: 36266470 PMCID: PMC9682790 DOI: 10.1038/s41593-022-01178-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2021] [Accepted: 09/06/2022] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Obesity is a global pandemic that is causally linked to many life-threatening diseases. Apart from some rare genetic conditions, the biological drivers of overeating and reduced activity are unclear. Here, we show that neurotensin-expressing neurons in the mouse interstitial nucleus of the posterior limb of the anterior commissure (IPAC), a nucleus of the central extended amygdala, encode dietary preference for unhealthy energy-dense foods. Optogenetic activation of IPACNts neurons promotes obesogenic behaviors, such as hedonic eating, and modulates food preference. Conversely, acute inhibition of IPACNts neurons reduces feeding and decreases hedonic eating. Chronic inactivation of IPACNts neurons recapitulates these effects, reduces preference for sweet, non-caloric tastants and, furthermore, enhances locomotion and energy expenditure; as a result, mice display long-term weight loss and improved metabolic health and are protected from obesity. Thus, the activity of a single neuronal population bidirectionally regulates energy homeostasis. Our findings could lead to new therapeutic strategies to prevent and treat obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandro Furlan
- Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor, NY 11724, USA,Correspondence: (A.F.); (B.L.)
| | - Alberto Corona
- Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor, NY 11724, USA,School of Biological Sciences, Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor, NY 11724, USA,These authors contributed equally
| | - Sara Boyle
- Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor, NY 11724, USA,School of Biological Sciences, Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor, NY 11724, USA,These authors contributed equally
| | | | - Rachel Rubino
- Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor, NY 11724, USA
| | - Jill Habel
- Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor, NY 11724, USA
| | - Eva Carlotta Gablenz
- Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor, NY 11724, USA,Ruprecht-Karls-University Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Jacqueline Giovanniello
- Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor, NY 11724, USA,School of Biological Sciences, Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor, NY 11724, USA
| | - Semir Beyaz
- Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor, NY 11724, USA
| | - Tobias Janowitz
- Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor, NY 11724, USA
| | | | - Bo Li
- Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor, NY 11724, USA,Correspondence: (A.F.); (B.L.)
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30
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Zhu Y, Qi Z, Ding S. Exercise-Induced Adipose Tissue Thermogenesis and Browning: How to Explain the Conflicting Findings? Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:13142. [PMID: 36361929 PMCID: PMC9657384 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232113142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2022] [Revised: 10/24/2022] [Accepted: 10/26/2022] [Indexed: 07/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Brown adipose tissue (BAT) has been widely studied in targeting against metabolic diseases such as obesity, type 2 diabetes and insulin resistance due to its role in nutrient metabolism and energy regulation. Whether exercise promotes adipose tissue thermogenesis and browning remains controversial. The results from human and rodent studies contradict each other. In our opinion, fat thermogenesis or browning promoted by exercise should not be a biomarker of health benefits, but an adaptation under the stress between body temperature regulation and energy supply and expenditure of multiple organs. In this review, we discuss some factors that may contribute to conflicting experimental results, such as different thermoneutral zones, gender, training experience and the heterogeneity of fat depots. In addition, we explain that a redox state in cells potentially causes thermogenesis heterogeneity and different oxidation states of UCP1, which has led to the discrepancies noted in previous studies. We describe a network by which exercise orchestrates the browning and thermogenesis of adipose tissue with total energy expenditure through multiple organs (muscle, brain, liver and adipose tissue) and multiple pathways (nerve, endocrine and metabolic products), providing a possible interpretation for the conflicting findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yupeng Zhu
- The Key Laboratory of Adolescent Health Assessment and Exercise Intervention (Ministry of Education), East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China
- School of Physical Education and Health, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China
- Sino-French Joint Research Center of Sport Science, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China
| | - Zhengtang Qi
- The Key Laboratory of Adolescent Health Assessment and Exercise Intervention (Ministry of Education), East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China
- School of Physical Education and Health, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China
| | - Shuzhe Ding
- The Key Laboratory of Adolescent Health Assessment and Exercise Intervention (Ministry of Education), East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China
- Sino-French Joint Research Center of Sport Science, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China
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31
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Queathem ED, Fitzgerald M, Welly R, Rowles CC, Schaller K, Bukhary S, Baines CP, Rector RS, Padilla J, Manrique-Acevedo C, Lubahn DB, Vieira-Potter VJ. Suppression of estrogen receptor beta classical genomic activity enhances systemic and adipose-specific response to chronic beta-3 adrenergic receptor (β3AR) stimulation. Front Physiol 2022; 13:920675. [PMID: 36213237 PMCID: PMC9534559 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2022.920675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2022] [Accepted: 08/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
White adipose tissue (WAT) dysfunction independently predicts cardiometabolic disease, yet there is a lack of effective adipocyte-targeting therapeutics. B3AR agonists enhance adipocyte mitochondrial function and hold potential in this regard. Based on enhanced sensitivity to B3AR-mediated browning in estrogen receptor (ER)alpha-null mice, we hypothesized that ERβ may enhance the WAT response to the B3AR ligand, CL316,243 (CL). Methods: Male and female wild-type (WT) and ERβ DNA binding domain knock-out (ERβDBDKO) mice fed high-fat diet (HFD) to induce obesity were administered CL (1 mg/kg) daily for 2 weeks. Systemic physiological assessments of body composition (EchoMRI), bioenergetics (metabolic chambers), adipocyte mitochondrial respiration (oroboros) and glucose tolerance were performed, alongside perigonadal (PGAT), subcutaneous (SQAT) and brown adipose tissue (BAT) protein expression assessment (Western blot). Mechanisms were tested in vitro using primary adipocytes isolated from WT mice, and from Esr2-floxed mice in which ERβ was knocked down. Statistical analyses were performed using 2 × 2 analysis of variance (ANOVA) for main effects of genotype (G) and treatment (T), as well as GxT interactions; t-tests were used to determine differences between in vitro treatment conditions (SPSS V24). Results: There were no genotype differences in HFD-induced obesity or systemic rescue effects of CL, yet ERβDBDKO females were more sensitive to CL-induced increases in energy expenditure and WAT UCP1 induction (GxT, p < 0.05), which coincided with greater WAT B3AR protein content among the KO (G, p < 0.05). Among males, who were more insulin resistant to begin with (no genotype differences before treatment), tended to be more sensitive to CL-mediated reduction in insulin resistance. With sexes combined, basal WAT mitochondrial respiration trended toward being lower in the ERβDBDKO mice, but this was completely rescued by CL (p < 0.05). Confirming prior work, CL increased adipose tissue ERβ protein (T, p < 0.05, all), an effect that was enhanced in WAT and BAT the female KO (GxT, p < 0.01). In vitro experiments indicated that an inhibitor of ERβ genomic function (PHTPP) synergized with CL to further increase UCP1 mRNA (p = 0.043), whereas full ERβ protein was required for UCP1 expression (p = 0.042). Conclusion: Full ERβ activity appears requisite and stimulatory for UCP1 expression via a mechanism involving non-classical ERβ signaling. This novel discovery about the role of ERβ in adipocyte metabolism may have important clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric D. Queathem
- Department of Nutrition and Exercise Physiology, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, United States
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, United States
| | - Maggie Fitzgerald
- Department of Nutrition and Exercise Physiology, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, United States
| | - Rebecca Welly
- Department of Nutrition and Exercise Physiology, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, United States
| | - Candace C. Rowles
- Department of Nutrition and Exercise Physiology, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, United States
| | - Kylie Schaller
- Department of Nutrition and Exercise Physiology, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, United States
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, United States
| | - Shahad Bukhary
- Department of Nutrition and Exercise Physiology, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, United States
| | - Christopher P. Baines
- Dalton Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, United States
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, United States
| | - R. Scott Rector
- Department of Nutrition and Exercise Physiology, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, United States
- Internal Medicine-Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, United States
- Research Service, Truman VA Memorial Hospital, Columbia, MO, United States
| | - Jaume Padilla
- Department of Nutrition and Exercise Physiology, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, United States
- Dalton Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, United States
| | - Camila Manrique-Acevedo
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, University of Missouri Columbia School of Medicine, Columbia, MO, United States
| | - Dennis B. Lubahn
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, United States
| | - Victoria J. Vieira-Potter
- Department of Nutrition and Exercise Physiology, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, United States
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Yin X, Chen Y, Ruze R, Xu R, Song J, Wang C, Xu Q. The evolving view of thermogenic fat and its implications in cancer and metabolic diseases. Signal Transduct Target Ther 2022; 7:324. [PMID: 36114195 PMCID: PMC9481605 DOI: 10.1038/s41392-022-01178-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2022] [Revised: 08/30/2022] [Accepted: 09/05/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
AbstractThe incidence of metabolism-related diseases like obesity and type 2 diabetes mellitus has reached pandemic levels worldwide and increased gradually. Most of them are listed on the table of high-risk factors for malignancy, and metabolic disorders systematically or locally contribute to cancer progression and poor prognosis of patients. Importantly, adipose tissue is fundamental to the occurrence and development of these metabolic disorders. White adipose tissue stores excessive energy, while thermogenic fat including brown and beige adipose tissue dissipates energy to generate heat. In addition to thermogenesis, beige and brown adipocytes also function as dynamic secretory cells and a metabolic sink of nutrients, like glucose, fatty acids, and amino acids. Accordingly, strategies that activate and expand thermogenic adipose tissue offer therapeutic promise to combat overweight, diabetes, and other metabolic disorders through increasing energy expenditure and enhancing glucose tolerance. With a better understanding of its origins and biological functions and the advances in imaging techniques detecting thermogenesis, the roles of thermogenic adipose tissue in tumors have been revealed gradually. On the one hand, enhanced browning of subcutaneous fatty tissue results in weight loss and cancer-associated cachexia. On the other hand, locally activated thermogenic adipocytes in the tumor microenvironment accelerate cancer progression by offering fuel sources and is likely to develop resistance to chemotherapy. Here, we enumerate current knowledge about the significant advances made in the origin and physiological functions of thermogenic fat. In addition, we discuss the multiple roles of thermogenic adipocytes in different tumors. Ultimately, we summarize imaging technologies for identifying thermogenic adipose tissue and pharmacologic agents via modulating thermogenesis in preclinical experiments and clinical trials.
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Tanaka R, Fuse-Hamaoka S, Kuroiwa M, Kurosawa Y, Endo T, Kime R, Yoneshiro T, Hamaoka T. The Effects of 10-Week Strength Training in the Winter on Brown-like Adipose Tissue Vascular Density. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:10375. [PMID: 36012011 PMCID: PMC9408462 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph191610375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2022] [Revised: 08/17/2022] [Accepted: 08/18/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
There is no evidence of the effect of exercise training on human brown-like adipose tissue vascular density (BAT-d). Here, we report whether whole-body strength training (ST) in a cold environment increased BAT-d. The participants were 18 men aged 20-31 years. They were randomly assigned to two groups: one that performed ST twice a week at 75% intensity of one-repetition maximum for 10 weeks during winter (EX; n = 9) and a control group that did not perform ST (CT; n = 9). The total hemoglobin concentration in the supraclavicular region determined by time-resolved near-infrared spectroscopy was used as a parameter of BAT-d. ST volume (Tvol) was defined as the mean of the weight × repetition × sets of seven training movements. The number of occasions where the room temperature was lower than the median (NRcold) was counted as an index of potential cold exposure during ST. There was no significant between-group difference in BAT-d. Multiple regression analysis using body mass index, body fat percentage, NRcold, and Tvol as independent variables revealed that NRcold and Tvol were determined as predictive of changes in BAT-d. An appropriate combination of ST with cold environments could be an effective strategy for modulating BAT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Riki Tanaka
- Department of Sports Medicine for Health Promotion, Tokyo Medical University, Tokyo 160-8402, Japan
| | - Sayuri Fuse-Hamaoka
- Department of Sports Medicine for Health Promotion, Tokyo Medical University, Tokyo 160-8402, Japan
| | - Miyuki Kuroiwa
- Department of Sports Medicine for Health Promotion, Tokyo Medical University, Tokyo 160-8402, Japan
| | - Yuko Kurosawa
- Department of Sports Medicine for Health Promotion, Tokyo Medical University, Tokyo 160-8402, Japan
| | - Tasuki Endo
- Faculty of Science and Technology, Meijo University, Nagoya 468-8502, Japan
| | - Ryotaro Kime
- Department of Sports Medicine for Health Promotion, Tokyo Medical University, Tokyo 160-8402, Japan
| | - Takeshi Yoneshiro
- Research Center for Advanced Science and Technology, University of Tokyo, Tokyo 153-8904, Japan
| | - Takafumi Hamaoka
- Department of Sports Medicine for Health Promotion, Tokyo Medical University, Tokyo 160-8402, Japan
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Kutsche HS, Schreckenberg R, Schlüter KD. Uncoupling Proteins in Striated Muscle Tissue: Known Facts and Open Questions. Antioxid Redox Signal 2022; 37:324-335. [PMID: 35044239 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2021.0258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Significance: Uncoupling proteins (UCPs) are a family of proteins that allow proton leakage across the inner mitochondrial membrane. Although UCP1, also known as thermogenin, is well known and important for heat generation in brown adipose tissue, striated muscles express two distinct members of UCP, namely UCP2 and UCP3. Unlike UCP1, the main function of UCP2 and UCP3 does not appear to be heat production. Recent Advances: Interestingly, UCP2 is the main isoform expressed in cardiac tissues, whereas UCP3 is the dominant isoform in skeletal muscles. In the past years, researchers have started to investigate the regulation of UCP2 and UCP3 expression in striated muscles. Furthermore, concepts about the proposed functions of UCP2 and UCP3 in striated muscles are developed but are still a matter of debate. Critical Issues: Potential functions of UCP2 and UCP3 in striated muscles include a role in protection against mitochondria-dependent oxidative stress, as transporter for pyruvate, fatty acids, and protons into and out of the mitochondria, and in metabolic sensing. In this context, the different isoform expression of UCP2 and UCP3 in the skeletal and cardiac muscle may be related to different metabolic requirements of the two organs. Future Directions: The level of expression of UCP2 and UCP3 in striated muscles changes in different disease stages. This suggests that UCPs may become drug targets for therapy in the future. Antioxid. Redox Signal. 37, 324-335.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Rolf Schreckenberg
- Institute of Physiology, Justus-Liebig University Giessen, Giessen, Germany
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Wu M, Huang Y, Zhu Q, Zhu X, Xue L, Xiong J, Chen Y, Wu C, Guo Y, Li Y, Wu M, Wang S. Adipose tissue and ovarian aging: Potential mechanism and protective strategies. Ageing Res Rev 2022; 80:101683. [PMID: 35817297 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2022.101683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2022] [Revised: 05/29/2022] [Accepted: 07/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/01/2022]
Abstract
Ovarian aging occurs approximately 10 years prior to the natural age-associated functional decline of other organ systems. With the increase of life expectancy worldwide, ovarian aging has gradually become a key health problem among women. Therefore, understanding the causes and molecular mechanisms of ovarian aging is very essential for the inhibition of age-related diseases and the promotion of health and longevity in women. Recently, studies have revealed an association between adipose tissue (AT) and ovarian aging. Alterations in the function and quantity of AT have profound consequences on ovarian function because AT is central for follicular development, lipid metabolism, and hormonal regulation. Moreover, the interplay between AT and the ovary is bidirectional, with ovary-derived signals directly affecting AT biology. In this review, we summarize the current knowledge of the complex molecular mechanisms controlling the crosstalk between the AT and ovarian aging, and further discuss how therapeutic targeting of the AT can delay ovarian aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng Wu
- National Clinical Research Center for Obstetrical and Gynecological Diseases; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, Hubei, China; National Clinical Research Center for Obstetrical and Gynecological Diseases, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, China; Key Laboratory of Cancer Invasion and Metastasis, Ministry of Education, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, China
| | - Yibao Huang
- National Clinical Research Center for Obstetrical and Gynecological Diseases; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, Hubei, China; National Clinical Research Center for Obstetrical and Gynecological Diseases, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, China; Key Laboratory of Cancer Invasion and Metastasis, Ministry of Education, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, China
| | - Qingqing Zhu
- National Clinical Research Center for Obstetrical and Gynecological Diseases; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, Hubei, China; National Clinical Research Center for Obstetrical and Gynecological Diseases, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, China; Key Laboratory of Cancer Invasion and Metastasis, Ministry of Education, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, China
| | - Xiaoran Zhu
- National Clinical Research Center for Obstetrical and Gynecological Diseases; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, Hubei, China; National Clinical Research Center for Obstetrical and Gynecological Diseases, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, China; Key Laboratory of Cancer Invasion and Metastasis, Ministry of Education, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, China
| | - Liru Xue
- National Clinical Research Center for Obstetrical and Gynecological Diseases; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, Hubei, China; National Clinical Research Center for Obstetrical and Gynecological Diseases, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, China; Key Laboratory of Cancer Invasion and Metastasis, Ministry of Education, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, China
| | - Jiaqiang Xiong
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Ying Chen
- National Clinical Research Center for Obstetrical and Gynecological Diseases; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, Hubei, China; National Clinical Research Center for Obstetrical and Gynecological Diseases, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, China; Key Laboratory of Cancer Invasion and Metastasis, Ministry of Education, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, China
| | - Chuqing Wu
- National Clinical Research Center for Obstetrical and Gynecological Diseases; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, Hubei, China; National Clinical Research Center for Obstetrical and Gynecological Diseases, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, China; Key Laboratory of Cancer Invasion and Metastasis, Ministry of Education, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, China
| | - Yican Guo
- National Clinical Research Center for Obstetrical and Gynecological Diseases; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, Hubei, China; National Clinical Research Center for Obstetrical and Gynecological Diseases, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, China; Key Laboratory of Cancer Invasion and Metastasis, Ministry of Education, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, China
| | - Yinuo Li
- National Clinical Research Center for Obstetrical and Gynecological Diseases; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, Hubei, China; National Clinical Research Center for Obstetrical and Gynecological Diseases, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, China; Key Laboratory of Cancer Invasion and Metastasis, Ministry of Education, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, China
| | - Mingfu Wu
- National Clinical Research Center for Obstetrical and Gynecological Diseases; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, Hubei, China; National Clinical Research Center for Obstetrical and Gynecological Diseases, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, China; Key Laboratory of Cancer Invasion and Metastasis, Ministry of Education, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, China.
| | - Shixuan Wang
- National Clinical Research Center for Obstetrical and Gynecological Diseases; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, Hubei, China; National Clinical Research Center for Obstetrical and Gynecological Diseases, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, China; Key Laboratory of Cancer Invasion and Metastasis, Ministry of Education, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, China.
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Bioactive Compounds and Adipocyte Browning Phenomenon. Curr Issues Mol Biol 2022; 44:3039-3052. [PMID: 35877434 PMCID: PMC9320013 DOI: 10.3390/cimb44070210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2022] [Revised: 06/25/2022] [Accepted: 06/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Overweight and obesity have become worldwide health issues in most countries. Current strategies aimed to prevent or reduce overweight and obesity have mainly focused on the genes and molecular mechanisms that give the functional characteristics to different types of adipose tissue. The Browning phenomenon in adipocytes consists of phenotypic and metabolic changes within white adipose tissue (WAT) activated by thermogenic mechanisms similar to that occurring in brown adipose tissue (BAT); this phenomenon has assumed great relevance due to its therapeutic potential against overweight and obesity. In addition, the study of inflammation in the development of overweight and obesity has also been included as a relevant factor, such as the pro-inflammatory mechanisms promoted by M1-type macrophages in adipose tissue. Studies carried out in this area are mainly performed by using the 3T3-L1 pre-adipocyte cell line, testing different bioactive compound sources such as plants and foods; nevertheless, it is necessary to standardize protocols used in vitro as well to properly scale them to animal models and clinical tests in order to have a better understanding of the mechanisms involved in overweight and obesity.
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Wang D, Zhang X, Li Y, Jia L, Zhai L, Wei W, Zhang L, Jiang H, Bai Y. Exercise-Induced Browning of White Adipose Tissue and Improving Skeletal Muscle Insulin Sensitivity in Obese/Non-obese Growing Mice: Do Not Neglect Exosomal miR-27a. Front Nutr 2022; 9:940673. [PMID: 35782940 PMCID: PMC9248804 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2022.940673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2022] [Accepted: 05/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Exercise is considered as a favorable measure to prevent and treat childhood obesity. However, the underlying mechanisms of exercise-induced beneficial effects and the difference between obese and non-obese individuals are largely unclear. Recently, miR-27a is recognized as a central upstream regulator of proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPAR-γ) in contributing to various physiological and pathological processes. This study aims to explore the possible cause of exercise affecting white adipose tissue (WAT) browning and reversing skeletal muscle insulin resistance in obese/non-obese immature bodies. For simulating the process of childhood obesity, juvenile mice were fed with a basal diet or high-fat diet (HFD) and took 1 or 2 h swimming exercise simultaneously for 10 weeks. The obese animal model was induced by the HFD. We found that exercise hindered HFD-induced body fat development in growing mice. Exercise modified glucolipid metabolism parameters differently in the obese/non-obese groups, and the changes of the 2 h exercise mice were not consistent with the 1 h exercise mice. The level of serum exosomal miR-27a in the non-exercise obese group was increased obviously, which was reduced in the exercise obese groups. Results from bioinformatics analysis and dual-luciferase reporter assay showed that miR-27a targeted PPAR-γ. Exercise stimulated WAT browning; however, the response of obese WAT lagged behind normal WAT. In the HFD-fed mice, 2 h exercise activated the IRS-1/Akt/GLUT-4 signaling pathway in the skeletal muscles. In summary, our findings confirmed that exercise-induced beneficial effects are associated with exercise duration, and the response of obese and non-obese bodies is different. Exosomal miR-27a might be a crucial node for the process of exercise-induced browning of WAT and improving skeletal muscle insulin sensitivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongxue Wang
- Department of Maternal and Child Health, School of Public Health, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
- The Second People’s Hospital of Jiashan, Jiaxing, China
| | - Xihuan Zhang
- Department of Maternal and Child Health, School of Public Health, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
- Xinzhou District Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Wuhan, China
| | - Yibai Li
- The First Division of Clinical Medicine, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Lihong Jia
- Department of Maternal and Child Health, School of Public Health, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Lingling Zhai
- Department of Maternal and Child Health, School of Public Health, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Wei Wei
- Department of Maternal and Child Health, School of Public Health, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Li Zhang
- Department of Dermatology, First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
- Key Laboratory of Immunodermatology, Ministry of Education and NHC, National Joint Engineering Research Center for Theranostics of Immunological Skin Diseases, Shenyang, China
| | - Hongkun Jiang
- Department of Pediatrics, First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Yinglong Bai
- Department of Maternal and Child Health, School of Public Health, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
- *Correspondence: Yinglong Bai,
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Sasaki H, Miyakawa H, Watanabe A, Tamura K, Shiga K, Lyu Y, Ichikawa N, Fu Y, Hayashi K, Imamura M, Shibata S. Evening rather than morning increased physical activity alters the microbiota in mice and is associated with increased body temperature and sympathetic nervous system activation. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2022; 1868:166373. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2022.166373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2021] [Revised: 02/21/2022] [Accepted: 02/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
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Kim YJ, Kim HJ, Lee SG, Kim DH, In Jang S, Go HS, Lee WJ, Seong JK. Aerobic exercise for eight weeks provides protective effects towards liver and cardiometabolic health and adipose tissue remodeling under metabolic stress for one week: A study in mice. Metabolism 2022; 130:155178. [PMID: 35227728 DOI: 10.1016/j.metabol.2022.155178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2021] [Revised: 02/07/2022] [Accepted: 02/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The relationship between exercise training and health benefits is under thorough investigation. However, the effects of exercise training on the maintenance of metabolic health are unclear. METHODS Our experimental design involved initial exercise training followed by a high-fat diet (HFD) challenge. Eight-week-old male was trained under voluntary wheel running aerobic exercise for eight weeks to determine the systemic metabolic changes induced by exercise training and whether such changes persisted even after discontinuing exercise. The mice were given either a normal chow diet (NCD) or HFD ad libitum for one week after discontinuation of exercise (CON-NCD, n = 29; EX-NCD, n = 29; CON-HFD, n = 30; EX-HFD, n = 31). RESULTS Our study revealed that metabolic stress following the transition to an HFD in mice that discontinued training failed to reverse the aerobic exercise training-induced improvement in metabolism. We report that the mice subjected to exercise training could better counteract weight gain, adipose tissue hypertrophy, insulin resistance, fatty liver, and mitochondrial dysfunction in response to an HFD compared with untrained mice. This observation could be attributed to the fact that exercise enhances the browning of white fat, whole-body oxygen uptake, and heat generation. Furthermore, we suggest that the effects of exercise persist due to PPARα-FGF21-FGFR1 mechanisms, although additional pathways cannot be excluded and require further research. Although our study suggests the preventive potential of exercise, appropriate human trials are needed to demonstrate the efficacy in subjects who cannot perform sustained exercise; this may provide an important basis regarding human health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Youn Ju Kim
- Laboratory of Developmental Biology and Genomics, BK21 Program for Veterinary Science, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea; The Research Institute for Veterinary Science, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea; Korea Mouse Phenotyping Center (KMPC), Seoul National University, 08826 Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hye Jin Kim
- The Research Institute for Veterinary Science, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea; Korea Mouse Phenotyping Center (KMPC), Seoul National University, 08826 Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang Gyu Lee
- Korea Mouse Phenotyping Center (KMPC), Seoul National University, 08826 Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Do Hyun Kim
- Laboratory of Developmental Biology and Genomics, BK21 Program for Veterinary Science, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea; The Research Institute for Veterinary Science, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea; Korea Mouse Phenotyping Center (KMPC), Seoul National University, 08826 Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Su In Jang
- Korea Mouse Phenotyping Center (KMPC), Seoul National University, 08826 Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hye Sun Go
- Korea Mouse Phenotyping Center (KMPC), Seoul National University, 08826 Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Won Jun Lee
- Korea Mouse Phenotyping Center (KMPC), Seoul National University, 08826 Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Je Kyung Seong
- Laboratory of Developmental Biology and Genomics, BK21 Program for Veterinary Science, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea; The Research Institute for Veterinary Science, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea; Korea Mouse Phenotyping Center (KMPC), Seoul National University, 08826 Seoul, Republic of Korea; Interdisciplinary Program for Bioinformatics, Program for Cancer Biology, BIO-MAX/N-Bio Institute, Seoul National University, 08826 Seoul, Republic of Korea.
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Kim JK, Go HS, Kim SP, Kim IY, Lee YH, Oh SH, Lee H, Seong JK. Exercise-induced beige adipogenesis of iWAT in Cidea reporter mice. BMB Rep 2022. [PMID: 35000670 PMCID: PMC9058471 DOI: 10.5483/bmbrep.2022.55.4.134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Obesity is caused by an imbalance between energy intake and energy expenditure. Exercise is attracting attention as one of the ways to treat obesity. Exercise induces ‘beige adipogenesis’ in white adipose tissue, increasing total energy expenditure via energy dissipation in the form of heat. Also, beige adipogenesis can be induced by treatment with a beta-adrenergic receptor agonist. We developed a Cidea-dual reporter mouse (Cidea-P2A-Luc2-T2A-tdTomato, Luciferase/tdTomato) model to trace and measure beige adipogenesis in vivo. As a result, both exercise and injection of beta-adrenergic receptor agonist induced beige adipogenesis and was detected through fluorescence and luminescence. We confirmed that exercise and beta-adrenergic receptor agonist induce beige adipogenesis in Cidea-dual reporter mouse, which will be widely used for detecting beige adipogenesis in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin Kyung Kim
- Laboratory of Developmental Biology and Genomics, College of Veterinary Medicine, BK21 Plus Program for Advanced Veterinary Science, Research Institute for Veterinary Science Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea
- Korea Mouse Phenotyping Center (KMPC), Seoul 08826, Korea
| | - Hye Sun Go
- Korea Mouse Phenotyping Center (KMPC), Seoul 08826, Korea
| | - Sol Pin Kim
- Korea Mouse Phenotyping Center (KMPC), Seoul 08826, Korea
| | - Il Yong Kim
- Laboratory of Developmental Biology and Genomics, College of Veterinary Medicine, BK21 Plus Program for Advanced Veterinary Science, Research Institute for Veterinary Science Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea
- Korea Mouse Phenotyping Center (KMPC), Seoul 08826, Korea
| | - Yun Hee Lee
- Korea Mouse Phenotyping Center (KMPC), Seoul 08826, Korea
- College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea
| | - Seung Hyun Oh
- Korea Mouse Phenotyping Center (KMPC), Seoul 08826, Korea
- College of Pharmacy, Gachon University, Incheon 21936, 5National Cancer Center, Goyang 10408, Korea
| | - Ho Lee
- Korea Mouse Phenotyping Center (KMPC), Seoul 08826, Korea
| | - Je Kyung Seong
- Laboratory of Developmental Biology and Genomics, College of Veterinary Medicine, BK21 Plus Program for Advanced Veterinary Science, Research Institute for Veterinary Science Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea
- Korea Mouse Phenotyping Center (KMPC), Seoul 08826, Korea
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Um JH, Park SY, Hur JH, Lee HY, Jeong KH, Cho Y, Lee SH, Yoon SM, Choe S, Choi CS. Bone morphogenic protein 9 is a novel thermogenic hepatokine secreted in response to cold exposure. Metabolism 2022; 129:155139. [PMID: 35063533 DOI: 10.1016/j.metabol.2022.155139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2021] [Revised: 01/03/2022] [Accepted: 01/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Maintaining a constant core body temperature is essential to homeothermic vertebrate survival. Adaptive thermogenesis in brown adipose tissue and skeletal muscle is the primary mechanism of adjustment to an external stimulus such as cold exposure. Recently, several reports have revealed that the liver can play a role as a metabolic hub during adaptive thermogenesis. In this study, we suggest that the liver plays a novel role in secreting thermogenic factors in adaptive thermogenesis. Bone morphogenetic protein 9 (BMP9) is a hepatokine that regulates many biological processes, including osteogenesis, chondrogenesis, hematopoiesis, and angiogenesis. Previously, BMP9 was suggested to affect preadipocyte proliferation and differentiation. However, the conditions and mechanisms underlying hepatic expression and secretion and adipose tissue browning of BMP9 remain largely unknown. In this study, we investigated the physiological conditions for secretion and the regulatory mechanism of hepatic Bmp9 expression and the molecular mechanism by which BMP9 induces thermogenic gene program activation in adipose tissue. Here, we also present the pharmacological effects of BMP9 on a high-fat-induced obese mouse model. METHODS To investigate the adaptive thermogenic role of BMP9 in vivo, we challenged mice with cold temperature exposure for 3 weeks and then examined the BMP9 plasma concentration and hepatic expression level. The cellular mechanism of hepatic Bmp9 expression under cold exposure was explored through promoter analysis. To identify the role of BMP9 in the differentiation of brown and beige adipocytes, we treated pluripotent stem cells and inguinal white adipose tissue (iWAT)-derived stromal-vascular (SV) cells with BMP9, and brown adipogenesis was monitored by examining thermogenic gene expression and signaling pathways. Furthermore, to evaluate the effect of BMP9 on diet-induced obesity, changes in body composition and glucose tolerance were analyzed in mice administered recombinant BMP9 (rBMP9) for 8 weeks. RESULTS Hepatic Bmp9 expression and plasma levels in mice were significantly increased after 3 weeks of cold exposure. Bmp9 mRNA expression in the liver was regulated by transcriptional activation induced by cAMP response-element binding protein (CREB) and CREB-binding protein (CBP) on the Bmp9 promoter. Treatment with BMP9 promoted the differentiation of multipotent stem cells and iWAT-derived SV cells into beige adipocytes, as indicated by the increased expression of brown adipocyte and mitochondrial biogenesis markers. Notably, activation of the mothers against decapentaplegic homolog 1 (Smad1) and p44/p42 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathways was required for the induction of uncoupling protein 1 (UCP1) and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma coactivator 1 alpha (PGC1α) expression in BMP9-induced differentiation of SVs into beige adipocytes. The administration of rBMP9 in vivo also induced browning markers in white adipose tissue. In high-fat diet-induced obese mice, rBMP9 administration conferred protection against obesity and enhanced glucose tolerance. CONCLUSIONS BMP9 is a hepatokine regulated by cold-activated CREB and CBP and enhances glucose and fat metabolism by promoting the activation of the thermogenic gene program in adipocytes. These data implicate BMP9 as a potential pharmacological tool for protecting against obesity and type 2 diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jee-Hyun Um
- Korea Mouse Metabolic Phenotyping Center, Lee Gil Ya Cancer and Diabetes Institute, Gachon University, Incheon 21999, Republic of Korea
| | - Shi-Young Park
- Korea Mouse Metabolic Phenotyping Center, Lee Gil Ya Cancer and Diabetes Institute, Gachon University, Incheon 21999, Republic of Korea
| | - Jang Ho Hur
- Korea Mouse Metabolic Phenotyping Center, Lee Gil Ya Cancer and Diabetes Institute, Gachon University, Incheon 21999, Republic of Korea
| | - Hui-Young Lee
- Division of Molecular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Gachon University College of Medicine, Incheon 21565, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyeong-Hoon Jeong
- Korea Mouse Metabolic Phenotyping Center, Lee Gil Ya Cancer and Diabetes Institute, Gachon University, Incheon 21999, Republic of Korea
| | - Yoonil Cho
- Korea Mouse Metabolic Phenotyping Center, Lee Gil Ya Cancer and Diabetes Institute, Gachon University, Incheon 21999, Republic of Korea; Department of Health Sciences and Technology, GAIHST, Gachon University, Incheon 21999, Republic of Korea
| | - Shin-Hae Lee
- Korea Mouse Metabolic Phenotyping Center, Lee Gil Ya Cancer and Diabetes Institute, Gachon University, Incheon 21999, Republic of Korea
| | - So-Mi Yoon
- Laboratory of Drugs to Medicine, Joint Center for Biosciences, Incheon 21999, Republic of Korea
| | - Senyon Choe
- Laboratory of Drugs to Medicine, Joint Center for Biosciences, Incheon 21999, Republic of Korea
| | - Cheol Soo Choi
- Korea Mouse Metabolic Phenotyping Center, Lee Gil Ya Cancer and Diabetes Institute, Gachon University, Incheon 21999, Republic of Korea; Division of Molecular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Gachon University College of Medicine, Incheon 21565, Republic of Korea; Endocrinology, Internal Medicine, Gachon University Gil Medical Center, Incheon 21565, Republic of Korea.
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Lavin KM, Coen PM, Baptista LC, Bell MB, Drummer D, Harper SA, Lixandrão ME, McAdam JS, O’Bryan SM, Ramos S, Roberts LM, Vega RB, Goodpaster BH, Bamman MM, Buford TW. State of Knowledge on Molecular Adaptations to Exercise in Humans: Historical Perspectives and Future Directions. Compr Physiol 2022; 12:3193-3279. [PMID: 35578962 PMCID: PMC9186317 DOI: 10.1002/cphy.c200033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
For centuries, regular exercise has been acknowledged as a potent stimulus to promote, maintain, and restore healthy functioning of nearly every physiological system of the human body. With advancing understanding of the complexity of human physiology, continually evolving methodological possibilities, and an increasingly dire public health situation, the study of exercise as a preventative or therapeutic treatment has never been more interdisciplinary, or more impactful. During the early stages of the NIH Common Fund Molecular Transducers of Physical Activity Consortium (MoTrPAC) Initiative, the field is well-positioned to build substantially upon the existing understanding of the mechanisms underlying benefits associated with exercise. Thus, we present a comprehensive body of the knowledge detailing the current literature basis surrounding the molecular adaptations to exercise in humans to provide a view of the state of the field at this critical juncture, as well as a resource for scientists bringing external expertise to the field of exercise physiology. In reviewing current literature related to molecular and cellular processes underlying exercise-induced benefits and adaptations, we also draw attention to existing knowledge gaps warranting continued research effort. © 2021 American Physiological Society. Compr Physiol 12:3193-3279, 2022.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaleen M. Lavin
- Center for Exercise Medicine, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
- Department of Cell, Developmental, and Integrative Biology, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
- Center for Human Health, Resilience, and Performance, Institute for Human and Machine Cognition, Pensacola, Florida, USA
| | - Paul M. Coen
- Translational Research Institute for Metabolism and Diabetes, Advent Health, Orlando, Florida, USA
- Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, Orlando, Florida, USA
| | - Liliana C. Baptista
- Center for Exercise Medicine, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
- Department of Medicine, Division of Gerontology, Geriatrics and Palliative Care, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - Margaret B. Bell
- Center for Exercise Medicine, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
- Department of Cell, Developmental, and Integrative Biology, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - Devin Drummer
- Center for Exercise Medicine, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
- Department of Cell, Developmental, and Integrative Biology, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - Sara A. Harper
- Center for Exercise Medicine, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
- Department of Medicine, Division of Gerontology, Geriatrics and Palliative Care, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - Manoel E. Lixandrão
- Center for Exercise Medicine, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
- Department of Cell, Developmental, and Integrative Biology, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - Jeremy S. McAdam
- Center for Exercise Medicine, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
- Department of Cell, Developmental, and Integrative Biology, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - Samia M. O’Bryan
- Center for Exercise Medicine, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
- Department of Cell, Developmental, and Integrative Biology, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - Sofhia Ramos
- Translational Research Institute for Metabolism and Diabetes, Advent Health, Orlando, Florida, USA
- Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, Orlando, Florida, USA
| | - Lisa M. Roberts
- Center for Exercise Medicine, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
- Department of Medicine, Division of Gerontology, Geriatrics and Palliative Care, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - Rick B. Vega
- Translational Research Institute for Metabolism and Diabetes, Advent Health, Orlando, Florida, USA
- Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, Orlando, Florida, USA
| | - Bret H. Goodpaster
- Translational Research Institute for Metabolism and Diabetes, Advent Health, Orlando, Florida, USA
- Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, Orlando, Florida, USA
| | - Marcas M. Bamman
- Center for Exercise Medicine, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
- Department of Cell, Developmental, and Integrative Biology, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
- Center for Human Health, Resilience, and Performance, Institute for Human and Machine Cognition, Pensacola, Florida, USA
| | - Thomas W. Buford
- Center for Exercise Medicine, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
- Department of Medicine, Division of Gerontology, Geriatrics and Palliative Care, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
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43
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Guan Y, Yan Z. Molecular Mechanisms of Exercise and Healthspan. Cells 2022; 11:872. [PMID: 35269492 PMCID: PMC8909156 DOI: 10.3390/cells11050872] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2021] [Revised: 02/25/2022] [Accepted: 02/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Healthspan is the period of our life without major debilitating diseases. In the modern world where unhealthy lifestyle choices and chronic diseases taper the healthspan, which lead to an enormous economic burden, finding ways to promote healthspan becomes a pressing goal of the scientific community. Exercise, one of humanity's most ancient and effective lifestyle interventions, appears to be at the center of the solution since it can both treat and prevent the occurrence of many chronic diseases. Here, we will review the current evidence and opinions about regular exercise promoting healthspan through enhancing the functionality of our organ systems and preventing diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuntian Guan
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22903, USA;
- Center for Skeletal Muscle Research at the Robert M. Berne Cardiovascular Research Center, School of Medicine, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22903, USA
| | - Zhen Yan
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22903, USA;
- Center for Skeletal Muscle Research at the Robert M. Berne Cardiovascular Research Center, School of Medicine, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22903, USA
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22903, USA
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biological Biophysics, School of Medicine, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22903, USA
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Wang L, Liu X, Liu S, Niu Y, Fu L. Sestrin2 ablation attenuates the exercise-induced browning of white adipose tissue in C57BL/6J mice. Acta Physiol (Oxf) 2022; 234:e13785. [PMID: 34995401 DOI: 10.1111/apha.13785] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2021] [Revised: 12/29/2021] [Accepted: 01/03/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
AIM With exercise, white adipose tissues (WAT) are readily convertible to a "brown-like" state, altering from lipid-storing to energy-catabolizing function, which counteracts obesity and increases insulin sensitivity. Sestrin2 (SESN2) is a stress-inducible protein that can regulate the cold-induced increase of uncoupling protein 1 (UCP1), which is paramount for the thermogenic capacity of brown-like WAT. This study aimed to elucidate the necessity of SESN2 in mediating exercise-induced browning of WAT. METHODS We used 8-week, male wild-type and SESN2 knockout C57BL/6J mice to explore the potential role of SESN2 in the exercise-induced WAT browning process. Over a 3-week intervention (sedentary versus treadmill exercise, normal chow versus 60% high-fat diet), we examined the exercise-induced alterations of the browning phenotype in different depots of white fat. In vitro, 3T3-L1 pre-adipocytes and primary adipocytes were used to determine the potential mechanism. RESULTS Our data revealed that SESN2 was required for the exercise-induced subcutaneous WAT (scWAT) browning. This may be mediated by higher fibronectin type III domain containing 5 (FNDC5) contents in scWAT locally, rather than skeletal muscle FNDC5 expression and circulating serum irisin levels. SESN2 ablation significantly impaired the exercise-improved glucose metabolism, where browning of scWAT may serve as an essential pathway. Moreover, SESN2 ablation significantly attenuated the exercise-promoted respiratory exchange ratio and indexes of energy metabolism (oxygen uptake and energy expenditure). CONCLUSION Taken together, our results provided evidence that SESN2 is a key integrating factor in driving the diverse metabolic benefits conferred by aerobic exercise.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu Wang
- Department of Rehabilitation School of Medical Technology Tianjin Medical University Tianjin China
| | - Xinmeng Liu
- Department of Rehabilitation School of Medical Technology Tianjin Medical University Tianjin China
| | - Sujuan Liu
- Department of Anatomy and Histology School of Basic Medical Science Tianjin Medical University Tianjin China
| | - Yanmei Niu
- Department of Rehabilitation School of Medical Technology Tianjin Medical University Tianjin China
| | - Li Fu
- Department of Rehabilitation School of Medical Technology Tianjin Medical University Tianjin China
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology School of Basic Medical Science Tianjin Medical University Tianjin China
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45
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Kong S, Huang X, Cao H, Bai Y, Che Q, Nie H, Su Z. Anti-obesity effects of galacto-oligosaccharides in obese rats. Eur J Pharmacol 2022; 917:174728. [PMID: 34965390 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2021.174728] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2021] [Revised: 12/23/2021] [Accepted: 12/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Galacto-oligosaccharides (GOS) are commonly used as prebiotic with a variety of known metabolic benefits; however, whether GOS plays a protective role in obesity remains unknown. Here, we demonstrate that GOS prevented obesity in a rat model of obesity induced by a high-fat diet. Our results showed that GOS effectively slowed weight gain in diet-induced obese rats without affecting energy intake. GOS significantly suppressed the hypertrophy and hyperplasia of white adipose tissue and markedly reduced the ratio of the fat/body. Consistently, GOS significantly improved serum total cholesterol, triglycerides, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels, indicating the weight loss activity of GOS. Interestingly, GOS also significantly increased the expression levels of browning proteins, including uncoupling protein 1, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ coactivator 1α, and PR domain 16, in both white and brown adipose tissue. Furthermore, we found that GOS markedly increased the expression levels of liver X receptor α, peroxisome proliferation-activated receptor-α, low-density lipoprotein receptor, and cholesterol 7α-hydroxylase proteins in the liver of obese rats. Taken together, we concluded that GOS inhibits obesity by accelerating the browning of white fat cells and the thermogenesis of brown fat cells and that GOS improves host lipid homeostasis by promoting cholesterol catabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shang Kong
- Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Pharmacodynamic Constituents of TCM and New Drugs Research, College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China; International Cooperative Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Modernization and Innovative Drug Development of Chinese Ministry of Education (MOE), College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China; Guangdong Engineering Research Center of Natural Products and New Drugs, Guangdong Provincial University Engineering Technology Research Center of Natural Products and Drugs, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Xingjun Huang
- Guangdong Engineering Research Center of Natural Products and New Drugs, Guangdong Provincial University Engineering Technology Research Center of Natural Products and Drugs, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, 510006, China; Guangdong Metabolic Diseases Research Centre of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Hua Cao
- Guangdong Cosmetics Engineering & Technology Research Center, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Yan Bai
- School of Public Health, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, 510310, China
| | - Qishi Che
- Guangzhou Rainhome Pharm & Tech Co., Ltd, Science City, Guangzhou, 510663, China
| | - Hong Nie
- Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Pharmacodynamic Constituents of TCM and New Drugs Research, College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China; International Cooperative Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Modernization and Innovative Drug Development of Chinese Ministry of Education (MOE), College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China.
| | - Zhengquan Su
- Guangdong Engineering Research Center of Natural Products and New Drugs, Guangdong Provincial University Engineering Technology Research Center of Natural Products and Drugs, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, 510006, China; Guangdong Metabolic Diseases Research Centre of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, 510006, China.
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Zhang S, Li J, Shi X, Tan X, Si Q. Naringenin activates beige adipocyte browning in high fat diet-fed C57BL/6 mice by shaping the gut microbiota. Food Funct 2022; 13:9918-9930. [DOI: 10.1039/d2fo01610a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Naringenin activates beige adipose thermogenesis and browning by gut microbe-SCFAS-host interactions, which increases energy expenditure and prevents HFD induced obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sha Zhang
- Department of the Third Health Care, Second Medical Centre of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Medical School of Chinese PLA, Beijing 100039, China
| | - Jinjie Li
- Centre of Sport Nutrition and Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Xiaoyang Shi
- Centre of Sport Nutrition and Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Xiaomeng Tan
- Centre of Sport Nutrition and Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Quanjin Si
- Department of the Third Health Care, Second Medical Centre of Chinese PLA General Hospital, National Clinical Research Centre for Geriatric Diseases, Beijing 100039, China
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Karadedeli MS, Schreckenberg R, Kutsche HS, Schlüter KD. Effects of voluntary exercise on the expression of browning markers in visceral and subcutaneous fat tissue of normotensive and spontaneously hypertensive rats. Pflugers Arch 2021; 474:205-215. [PMID: 34893937 PMCID: PMC8766377 DOI: 10.1007/s00424-021-02629-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2021] [Revised: 09/01/2021] [Accepted: 09/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
High physical activity is important to optimize the function of adipose tissue. Dysfunctional adipose tissue contributes to the development of metabolic stress, chronic inflammation, and hypertension. To improve our current understanding of the interaction between physical exercise and adipose tissue, we analyzed the effect of 10 months voluntary running wheel activity of rats on uncoupling protein (UCP) 1 negative white adipose tissue (visceral and subcutaneous adipose tissue, VWAT and SWAT). Analysis was performed via RT-PCR and immunoblot from adipose tissues depicted from adult normotensive and spontaneously hypertensive female rats. UCP1 negative VWAT differed from UCP1 positive WAT and brown adipose tissue (BAT) from interscapular fat depots, by lacking the expression of UCP1 and low expression of Cidea, a transcriptional co-activator of UCP1. High physical activity affected the expression of five genes in SWAT (Visfatin (up), RBP5, adiponectin, Cidea, and Nrg4 (all down)) but only one gene (Visfatin, up) in VWAT. Furthermore, the expression of these genes is differentially regulated in VWAT and SWAT of normotensive and spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) under sedentary conditions (UCP2) and exercise (Visfatin, Cidea, Nrg4). Keeping the animals after 6 months of voluntary exercise under observation for an additional period of 4 months without running wheels, Visfatin, Cidea, and Nrg4 were stronger expressed in VWAT of SHRs than in sedentary control rats. In summary, our study shows that SWAT is more responsible to exercise than VWAT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meryem Sevval Karadedeli
- Physiologisches Institut, Justus-Liebig-University Giessen, Aulweg 129, D-35392, Giessen, Germany
| | - Rolf Schreckenberg
- Physiologisches Institut, Justus-Liebig-University Giessen, Aulweg 129, D-35392, Giessen, Germany
| | - Hanna S Kutsche
- Physiologisches Institut, Justus-Liebig-University Giessen, Aulweg 129, D-35392, Giessen, Germany
| | - Klaus-Dieter Schlüter
- Physiologisches Institut, Justus-Liebig-University Giessen, Aulweg 129, D-35392, Giessen, Germany.
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White Adipose Tissue Depots Respond to Chronic Beta-3 Adrenergic Receptor Activation in a Sexually Dimorphic and Depot Divergent Manner. Cells 2021; 10:cells10123453. [PMID: 34943961 PMCID: PMC8700379 DOI: 10.3390/cells10123453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2021] [Revised: 11/28/2021] [Accepted: 11/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Beta-3 adrenergic receptor activation via exercise or CL316,243 (CL) induces white adipose tissue (WAT) browning, improves glucose tolerance, and reduces visceral adiposity. Our aim was to determine if sex or adipose tissue depot differences exist in response to CL. Daily CL injections were administered to diet-induced obese male and female mice for two weeks, creating four groups: male control, male CL, female control, and female CL. These groups were compared to determine the main and interaction effects of sex (S), CL treatment (T), and WAT depot (D). Glucose tolerance, body composition, and energy intake and expenditure were assessed, along with perigonadal (PGAT) and subcutaneous (SQAT) WAT gene and protein expression. CL consistently improved glucose tolerance and body composition. Female PGAT had greater protein expression of the mitochondrial uncoupling protein 1 (UCP1), while SQAT (S, p < 0.001) was more responsive to CL in increasing UCP1 (S×T, p = 0.011) and the mitochondrial biogenesis induction protein, PPARγ coactivator 1α (PGC1α) (S×T, p = 0.026). Females also displayed greater mitochondrial OXPHOS (S, p < 0.05) and adiponectin protein content (S, p < 0.05). On the other hand, male SQAT was more responsive to CL in increasing protein levels of PGC1α (S×T, p = 0.046) and adiponectin (S, p < 0.05). In both depots and in both sexes, CL significantly increased estrogen receptor beta (ERβ) and glucose-related protein 75 (GRP75) protein content (T, p < 0.05). Thus, CL improves systemic and adipose tissue-specific metabolism in both sexes; however, sex differences exist in the WAT-specific effects of CL. Furthermore, across sexes and depots, CL affects estrogen signaling by upregulating ERβ.
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Repeated Oral Administration of Flavan-3-ols Induces Browning in Mice Adipose Tissues through Sympathetic Nerve Activation. Nutrients 2021; 13:nu13124214. [PMID: 34959764 PMCID: PMC8707158 DOI: 10.3390/nu13124214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2021] [Revised: 11/19/2021] [Accepted: 11/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
We previously found increases in uncoupling protein (Ucp)-1 transcription in brown adipose tissue (BAT) of mice following a single oral dose of flavan 3-ol (FL)s, a fraction of catechins and procyanidins. It was confirmed that these changes were totally reduced by co-treatment of adrenaline blockers. According to these previous results, FLs possibly activate sympathetic nervous system (SNS). In this study, we confirmed the marked increase in urinary catecholamine (CA) s projecting SNS activity following a single dose of 50 mg/kg FLs. In addition, we examined the impact of the repeated administration of 50 mg/kg FLs for 14 days on adipose tissues in mice. In BAT, FLs tended to increase the level of Ucp-1 along with significant increase of thermogenic transcriptome factors expressions, such as peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ coactivator (PGC)-1α and PR domain-containing (PRDM)1. Expression of browning markers, CD137 and transmembrane protein (TMEM) 26, in addition to PGC-1α were increased in epididymal adipose (eWAT) by FLs. A multilocular morphology with cell size reduction was shown in the inguinal adipose (iWAT), together with increasing the level of Ucp-1 by FLs. These results exert that FLs induce browning in adipose, and this change is possibly produced by the activation of the SNS.
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Nintou E, Karligiotou E, Vliora M, Fatouros IG, Jamurtas AZ, Sakellaridis N, Dimas K, Flouris AD. Effects of In Vitro Muscle Contraction on Thermogenic Protein Levels in Co-Cultured Adipocytes. Life (Basel) 2021; 11:life11111227. [PMID: 34833103 PMCID: PMC8625343 DOI: 10.3390/life11111227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2021] [Revised: 11/09/2021] [Accepted: 11/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The crosstalk between the exercising muscle and the adipose tissue, mediated by myokines and metabolites, derived from both tissues during exercise has created a controversy between animal and human studies with respect to the impact of exercise on the browning process. The aim of this study was to investigate whether co-culturing of C2C12 myotubes and 3T3-L1 adipocytes under the stimuli of electrical pulse stimulation (EPS) mimicking muscle contraction can impact the expression of UCP1, PGC-1a, and IL-6 in adipocytes, therefore providing evidence on the direct crosstalk between adipocytes and stimulated muscle cells. In the co-cultured C2C12 cells, EPS increased the expression of PGC-1a (p = 0.129; d = 0.73) and IL-6 (p = 0.09; d = 1.13) protein levels. When EPS was applied, we found that co-culturing led to increases in UCP1 (p = 0.044; d = 1.29) and IL-6 (p = 0.097; d = 1.13) protein expression in the 3T3-L1 adipocytes. The expression of PGC-1a increased by EPS but was not significantly elevated after co-culturing (p = 0.448; d = 0.08). In vitro co-culturing of C2C12 myotubes and 3T3-L1 adipocytes under the stimuli of EPS leads to increased expression of thermogenic proteins. These findings indicate changes in the expression pattern of proteins related to browning of adipose tissue, supporting the use of this in vitro model to study the crosstalk between adipocytes and contracting muscle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eleni Nintou
- Department of Physical Education and Sport Science, University of Thessaly, 42100 Trikala, Greece; (E.N.); (E.K.); (M.V.); (I.G.F.); (A.Z.J.)
| | - Eleni Karligiotou
- Department of Physical Education and Sport Science, University of Thessaly, 42100 Trikala, Greece; (E.N.); (E.K.); (M.V.); (I.G.F.); (A.Z.J.)
| | - Maria Vliora
- Department of Physical Education and Sport Science, University of Thessaly, 42100 Trikala, Greece; (E.N.); (E.K.); (M.V.); (I.G.F.); (A.Z.J.)
| | - Ioannis G. Fatouros
- Department of Physical Education and Sport Science, University of Thessaly, 42100 Trikala, Greece; (E.N.); (E.K.); (M.V.); (I.G.F.); (A.Z.J.)
| | - Athanasios Z. Jamurtas
- Department of Physical Education and Sport Science, University of Thessaly, 42100 Trikala, Greece; (E.N.); (E.K.); (M.V.); (I.G.F.); (A.Z.J.)
| | - Nikos Sakellaridis
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, School of Health Sciences, University of Thessaly, 341500 Larissa, Greece; (N.S.); (K.D.)
| | - Konstantinos Dimas
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, School of Health Sciences, University of Thessaly, 341500 Larissa, Greece; (N.S.); (K.D.)
| | - Andreas D. Flouris
- Department of Physical Education and Sport Science, University of Thessaly, 42100 Trikala, Greece; (E.N.); (E.K.); (M.V.); (I.G.F.); (A.Z.J.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +30-2431-047-072
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