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Esteban-Medina M, Loucera C, Rian K, Velasco S, Olivares-González L, Rodrigo R, Dopazo J, Peña-Chilet M. The mechanistic functional landscape of retinitis pigmentosa: a machine learning-driven approach to therapeutic target discovery. J Transl Med 2024; 22:139. [PMID: 38321543 PMCID: PMC10848380 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-024-04911-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2023] [Accepted: 01/20/2024] [Indexed: 02/08/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Retinitis pigmentosa is the prevailing genetic cause of blindness in developed nations with no effective treatments. In the pursuit of unraveling the intricate dynamics underlying this complex disease, mechanistic models emerge as a tool of proven efficiency rooted in systems biology, to elucidate the interplay between RP genes and their mechanisms. The integration of mechanistic models and drug-target interactions under the umbrella of machine learning methodologies provides a multifaceted approach that can boost the discovery of novel therapeutic targets, facilitating further drug repurposing in RP. METHODS By mapping Retinitis Pigmentosa-related genes (obtained from Orphanet, OMIM and HPO databases) onto KEGG signaling pathways, a collection of signaling functional circuits encompassing Retinitis Pigmentosa molecular mechanisms was defined. Next, a mechanistic model of the so-defined disease map, where the effects of interventions can be simulated, was built. Then, an explainable multi-output random forest regressor was trained using normal tissue transcriptomic data to learn causal connections between targets of approved drugs from DrugBank and the functional circuits of the mechanistic disease map. Selected target genes involvement were validated on rd10 mice, a murine model of Retinitis Pigmentosa. RESULTS A mechanistic functional map of Retinitis Pigmentosa was constructed resulting in 226 functional circuits belonging to 40 KEGG signaling pathways. The method predicted 109 targets of approved drugs in use with a potential effect over circuits corresponding to nine hallmarks identified. Five of those targets were selected and experimentally validated in rd10 mice: Gabre, Gabra1 (GABARα1 protein), Slc12a5 (KCC2 protein), Grin1 (NR1 protein) and Glr2a. As a result, we provide a resource to evaluate the potential impact of drug target genes in Retinitis Pigmentosa. CONCLUSIONS The possibility of building actionable disease models in combination with machine learning algorithms to learn causal drug-disease interactions opens new avenues for boosting drug discovery. Such mechanistically-based hypotheses can guide and accelerate the experimental validations prioritizing drug target candidates. In this work, a mechanistic model describing the functional disease map of Retinitis Pigmentosa was developed, identifying five promising therapeutic candidates targeted by approved drug. Further experimental validation will demonstrate the efficiency of this approach for a systematic application to other rare diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marina Esteban-Medina
- Andalusian Platform for Computational Medicine, Andalusian Public Foundation Progress and Health-FPS, Seville, Spain
- Systems and Computational Medicine Group, Institute of Biomedicine of Seville, IBiS, University Hospital Virgen del Rocío/CSIC/University of Seville, 41013, Seville, Spain
| | - Carlos Loucera
- Andalusian Platform for Computational Medicine, Andalusian Public Foundation Progress and Health-FPS, Seville, Spain
- Systems and Computational Medicine Group, Institute of Biomedicine of Seville, IBiS, University Hospital Virgen del Rocío/CSIC/University of Seville, 41013, Seville, Spain
| | - Kinza Rian
- Andalusian Platform for Computational Medicine, Andalusian Public Foundation Progress and Health-FPS, Seville, Spain
- Systems and Computational Medicine Group, Institute of Biomedicine of Seville, IBiS, University Hospital Virgen del Rocío/CSIC/University of Seville, 41013, Seville, Spain
| | - Sheyla Velasco
- Group of Pathophysiology and Therapies for Vision Disorders, Príncipe Felipe Research Center (CIPF), 46012, Valencia, Spain
| | - Lorena Olivares-González
- Group of Pathophysiology and Therapies for Vision Disorders, Príncipe Felipe Research Center (CIPF), 46012, Valencia, Spain
| | - Regina Rodrigo
- Group of Pathophysiology and Therapies for Vision Disorders, Príncipe Felipe Research Center (CIPF), 46012, Valencia, Spain
- Biomedical Research Networking Center in Rare Diseases (CIBERER), Health Institute Carlos III, 28029, Madrid, Spain
- Department of Physiology, University of Valencia (UV), 46100, Burjassot, Spain
- Department of Anatomy and Physiology, Catholic University of Valencia San Vicente Mártir, 46001, Valencia, Spain
- Joint Research Unit on Endocrinology, Nutrition and Clinical Dietetics UV-IIS La Fe, 46026, Valencia, Spain
| | - Joaquin Dopazo
- Andalusian Platform for Computational Medicine, Andalusian Public Foundation Progress and Health-FPS, Seville, Spain.
- Systems and Computational Medicine Group, Institute of Biomedicine of Seville, IBiS, University Hospital Virgen del Rocío/CSIC/University of Seville, 41013, Seville, Spain.
- Biomedical Research Networking Center in Rare Diseases (CIBERER), Health Institute Carlos III, 28029, Madrid, Spain.
| | - Maria Peña-Chilet
- Andalusian Platform for Computational Medicine, Andalusian Public Foundation Progress and Health-FPS, Seville, Spain.
- Systems and Computational Medicine Group, Institute of Biomedicine of Seville, IBiS, University Hospital Virgen del Rocío/CSIC/University of Seville, 41013, Seville, Spain.
- Biomedical Research Networking Center in Rare Diseases (CIBERER), Health Institute Carlos III, 28029, Madrid, Spain.
- BigData, AI, Biostatistics & Bioinformatics Platform, Health Research Institute La Fe (IISLaFe), 46026, Valencia, Spain.
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Pfeifer A, Mikhael M, Niemann B. Inosine: novel activator of brown adipose tissue and energy homeostasis. Trends Cell Biol 2024; 34:72-82. [PMID: 37188562 DOI: 10.1016/j.tcb.2023.04.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2023] [Revised: 04/23/2023] [Accepted: 04/24/2023] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Extracellular purinergic molecules act as signaling molecules that bind to cellular receptors and regulate signaling pathways. Growing evidence suggests that purines regulate adipocyte function and whole-body metabolism. Here, we focus on one specific purine: inosine. Brown adipocytes, which are important regulators of whole-body energy expenditure (EE), release inosine when they are stressed or become apoptotic. Unexpectedly, inosine activates EE in neighboring brown adipocytes and enhances differentiation of brown preadipocytes. Increasing extracellular inosine, either directly by increasing inosine intake or indirectly via pharmacological inhibition of cellular inosine transporters, increases whole-body EE and counteracts obesity. Thus, inosine and other closely related purines might be a novel approach to tackle obesity and associated metabolic disorders by enhancing EE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Pfeifer
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University Hospital, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany.
| | - Mickel Mikhael
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University Hospital, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Birte Niemann
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University Hospital, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
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3
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Guo B, Shu H, Luo L, Liu X, Ma Y, Zhang J, Liu Z, Zhang Y, Fu L, Song T, Qiao Y, Zhang C. Lactate Conversion by Lactate Dehydrogenase B Is Involved in Beige Adipocyte Differentiation and Thermogenesis in Mice. Nutrients 2023; 15:4846. [PMID: 38004240 PMCID: PMC10674895 DOI: 10.3390/nu15224846] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2023] [Revised: 11/06/2023] [Accepted: 11/16/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Adipose tissue (AT) is the primary reservoir of lipid, the major thermogenesis organ during cold exposure, and an important site for lactate production. However, the utilization of lactate as a metabolic substrate by adipocytes, as well as its potential involvement in the regulation of adipocyte thermogenesis, remain unappreciated. In vitro experiments using primary stromal vascular fraction preadipocytes isolated from mouse inguinal white adipose tissue (iWAT) revealed that lactate dehydrogenase B (LDHB), the key glycolytic enzyme that catalyzes the conversion of lactate to pyruvate, is upregulated during adipocyte differentiation, downregulated upon chronic cold stimulation, and regained after prolonged cold exposure. In addition, the global knockout of Ldhb significantly reduced the masses of iWAT and epididymal WAT (eWAT) and impeded the utilization of iWAT during cold exposure. In addition, Ldhb loss of function impaired the mitochondrial function of iWAT under cold conditions. Together, these findings uncover the involvement of LDHB in adipocyte differentiation and thermogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin Guo
- The Tenth Affiliated Hospital of Southern Medical University (Dongguan People’s Hospital), Dongguan 523018, China;
| | - Hui Shu
- Cambridge-Suda Genomic Resource Center, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China; (H.S.); (L.L.); (X.L.); (Y.M.); (J.Z.); (Z.L.); (Y.Z.)
| | - Ling Luo
- Cambridge-Suda Genomic Resource Center, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China; (H.S.); (L.L.); (X.L.); (Y.M.); (J.Z.); (Z.L.); (Y.Z.)
| | - Xiangpeng Liu
- Cambridge-Suda Genomic Resource Center, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China; (H.S.); (L.L.); (X.L.); (Y.M.); (J.Z.); (Z.L.); (Y.Z.)
| | - Yue Ma
- Cambridge-Suda Genomic Resource Center, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China; (H.S.); (L.L.); (X.L.); (Y.M.); (J.Z.); (Z.L.); (Y.Z.)
| | - Jie Zhang
- Cambridge-Suda Genomic Resource Center, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China; (H.S.); (L.L.); (X.L.); (Y.M.); (J.Z.); (Z.L.); (Y.Z.)
| | - Zhiwei Liu
- Cambridge-Suda Genomic Resource Center, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China; (H.S.); (L.L.); (X.L.); (Y.M.); (J.Z.); (Z.L.); (Y.Z.)
| | - Yong Zhang
- Cambridge-Suda Genomic Resource Center, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China; (H.S.); (L.L.); (X.L.); (Y.M.); (J.Z.); (Z.L.); (Y.Z.)
| | - Lei Fu
- Wisdom Lake Academy of Pharmacy, Xi’an Jiaotong-Liverpool University, Suzhou 215123, China;
| | - Tongxing Song
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China;
| | - Yixue Qiao
- Wisdom Lake Academy of Pharmacy, Xi’an Jiaotong-Liverpool University, Suzhou 215123, China;
| | - Chi Zhang
- Cambridge-Suda Genomic Resource Center, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China; (H.S.); (L.L.); (X.L.); (Y.M.); (J.Z.); (Z.L.); (Y.Z.)
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Lorsignol A, Rabiller L, Labit E, Casteilla L, Pénicaud L. The nervous system and adipose tissues: a tale of dialogues. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 2023; 325:E480-E490. [PMID: 37729026 DOI: 10.1152/ajpendo.00115.2023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2023] [Revised: 08/16/2023] [Accepted: 09/18/2023] [Indexed: 09/22/2023]
Abstract
White, beige, and brown adipose tissues play a crucial role in maintaining energy homeostasis. Due to the heterogeneous and diffuse nature of fat pads, this balance requires a fine and coordinated control of many actors and therefore permanent dialogues between these tissues and the central nervous system. For about two decades, many studies have been devoted to describe the neuro-anatomical and functional complexity involved to ensure this dialogue. Thus, if it is now clearly demonstrated that there is an efferent sympathetic innervation of different fat depots controlling plasticity as well as metabolic functions of the fat pad, the crucial role of sensory innervation capable of detecting local signals informing the central nervous system of the metabolic state of the relevant pads is much more recent. The purpose of this review is to provide the current state of knowledge on this subject.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne Lorsignol
- RESTORE, CNRS, Inserm, Université de Toulouse, Toulouse, France
| | - Lise Rabiller
- RESTORE, CNRS, Inserm, Université de Toulouse, Toulouse, France
| | - Elodie Labit
- RESTORE, CNRS, Inserm, Université de Toulouse, Toulouse, France
| | - Louis Casteilla
- RESTORE, CNRS, Inserm, Université de Toulouse, Toulouse, France
| | - Luc Pénicaud
- RESTORE, CNRS, Inserm, Université de Toulouse, Toulouse, France
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5
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Sahu BS, Razzoli M, McGonigle S, Pallais JP, Nguyen ME, Sadahiro M, Jiang C, Lin WJ, Kelley KA, Rodriguez P, Mansk R, Cero C, Caviola G, Palanza P, Rao L, Beetch M, Alejandro E, Sham YY, Frontini A, Salton SR, Bartolomucci A. Targeted and selective knockout of the TLQP-21 neuropeptide unmasks its unique role in energy homeostasis. Mol Metab 2023; 76:101781. [PMID: 37482186 PMCID: PMC10400922 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmet.2023.101781] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2023] [Revised: 06/26/2023] [Accepted: 07/18/2023] [Indexed: 07/25/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Pro-peptide precursors are processed into biologically active peptide hormones or neurotransmitters, each playing an essential role in physiology and disease. Genetic loss of function of a pro-peptide precursor results in the simultaneous ablation of all biologically-active peptides within that precursor, often leading to a composite phenotype that can be difficult to align with the loss of specific peptide components. Due to this biological constraint and technical limitations, mice carrying the selective ablation of individual peptides encoded by pro-peptide precursor genes, while leaving the other peptides unaffected, have remained largely unaddressed. METHODS We developed and characterized a mouse model carrying the selective knockout of the TLQP-21 neuropeptide (ΔTLQP-21) encoded by the Vgf gene. To achieve this goal, we used a knowledge-based approach by mutating a codon in the Vgf sequence leading to the substitution of the C-terminal Arginine of TLQP-21, which is the pharmacophore as well as an essential cleavage site from its precursor, into Alanine (R21→A). RESULTS We provide several independent validations of this mouse, including a novel in-gel digestion targeted mass spectrometry identification of the unnatural mutant sequence, exclusive to the mutant mouse. ΔTLQP-21 mice do not manifest gross behavioral and metabolic abnormalities and reproduce well, yet they have a unique metabolic phenotype characterized by an environmental temperature-dependent resistance to diet-induced obesity and activation of the brown adipose tissue. CONCLUSIONS The ΔTLQP-21 mouse line can be a valuable resource to conduct mechanistic studies on the necessary role of TLQP-21 in physiology and disease, while also serving as a platform to test the specificity of novel antibodies or immunoassays directed at TLQP-21. Our approach also has far-reaching implications by informing the development of knowledge-based genetic engineering approaches to generate selective loss of function of other peptides encoded by pro-hormones genes, leaving all other peptides within the pro-protein precursor intact and unmodified.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bhavani S Sahu
- Department of Integrative Biology and Physiology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, 55455, USA
| | - Maria Razzoli
- Department of Integrative Biology and Physiology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, 55455, USA
| | - Seth McGonigle
- Department of Integrative Biology and Physiology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, 55455, USA
| | - Jean Pierre Pallais
- Department of Integrative Biology and Physiology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, 55455, USA
| | - Megin E Nguyen
- Department of Integrative Biology and Physiology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, 55455, USA
| | - Masato Sadahiro
- Nash Family Department of Neuroscience, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA
| | - Cheng Jiang
- Nash Family Department of Neuroscience, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA
| | - Wei-Jye Lin
- Nash Family Department of Neuroscience, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA
| | - Kevin A Kelley
- Department of Cell, Developmental and Regenerative Biology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA
| | - Pedro Rodriguez
- Department of Integrative Biology and Physiology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, 55455, USA
| | - Rachel Mansk
- Department of Integrative Biology and Physiology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, 55455, USA
| | - Cheryl Cero
- Department of Integrative Biology and Physiology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, 55455, USA
| | - Giada Caviola
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Parma, 43120, Parma, Italy
| | - Paola Palanza
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Parma, 43120, Parma, Italy
| | - Loredana Rao
- Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, Universita' Politecnica delle Marche, Ancona, 60131, Italy
| | - Megan Beetch
- Department of Integrative Biology and Physiology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, 55455, USA
| | - Emilyn Alejandro
- Department of Integrative Biology and Physiology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, 55455, USA
| | - Yuk Y Sham
- Department of Integrative Biology and Physiology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, 55455, USA
| | - Andrea Frontini
- Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, Universita' Politecnica delle Marche, Ancona, 60131, Italy
| | - Stephen R Salton
- Department of Cell, Developmental and Regenerative Biology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA
| | - Alessandro Bartolomucci
- Department of Integrative Biology and Physiology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, 55455, USA.
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Ruocco C, Malavazos AE, Ragni M, Carruba MO, Valerio A, Iacobellis G, Nisoli E. Amino acids contribute to adaptive thermogenesis. New insights into the mechanisms of action of recent drugs for metabolic disorders are emerging. Pharmacol Res 2023; 195:106892. [PMID: 37619907 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2023.106892] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2023] [Revised: 07/28/2023] [Accepted: 08/17/2023] [Indexed: 08/26/2023]
Abstract
Adaptive thermogenesis is the heat production by muscle contractions (shivering thermogenesis) or brown adipose tissue (BAT) and beige fat (non-shivering thermogenesis) in response to external stimuli, including cold exposure. BAT and beige fat communicate with peripheral organs and the brain through a variegate secretory and absorption processes - controlling adipokines, microRNAs, extracellular vesicles, and metabolites - and have received much attention as potential therapeutic targets for managing obesity-related disorders. The sympathetic nervous system and norepinephrine-releasing adipose tissue macrophages (ATM) activate uncoupling protein 1 (UCP1), expressed explicitly in brown and beige adipocytes, dissolving the electrochemical gradient and uncoupling tricarboxylic acid cycle and the electron transport chain from ATP production. Mounting evidence has attracted attention to the multiple effects of dietary and endogenously synthesised amino acids in BAT thermogenesis and metabolic phenotype in animals and humans. However, the mechanisms implicated in these processes have yet to be conclusively characterized. In the present review article, we aim to define the principal investigation areas in this context, including intestinal microbiota constitution, adipose autophagy modulation, and secretome and metabolic fluxes control, which lead to increased brown/beige thermogenesis. Finally, also based on our recent epicardial adipose tissue results, we summarise the evidence supporting the notion that the new dual and triple agonists of glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1), glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide (GIP), and glucagon (GCG) receptor - with never before seen weight loss and insulin-sensitizing efficacy - promote thermogenic-like amino acid profiles in BAT with robust heat production and likely trigger sympathetic activation and adaptive thermogenesis by controlling amino acid metabolism and ATM expansion in BAT and beige fat.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiara Ruocco
- Center for Study and Research on Obesity, Department of Biomedical Technology and Translational Medicine, University of Milan, via Vanvitelli, 32, 20129 Milan, Italy
| | - Alexis Elias Malavazos
- Endocrinology Unit, Clinical Nutrition and Cardiovascular Prevention Service, IRCCS Policlinico San Donato, Piazza Edmondo Malan, 2, San Donato Milanese, 20097 Milan, Italy; Department of Biomedical, Surgical and Dental Sciences, University of Milan, via della Commenda, 10, 20122 Milan, Italy
| | - Maurizio Ragni
- Center for Study and Research on Obesity, Department of Biomedical Technology and Translational Medicine, University of Milan, via Vanvitelli, 32, 20129 Milan, Italy
| | - Michele O Carruba
- Center for Study and Research on Obesity, Department of Biomedical Technology and Translational Medicine, University of Milan, via Vanvitelli, 32, 20129 Milan, Italy
| | - Alessandra Valerio
- Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, viale Europa, 11, 25123 Brescia, Italy
| | - Gianluca Iacobellis
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, University of Miami, 1400 NW 12th Ave, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Enzo Nisoli
- Center for Study and Research on Obesity, Department of Biomedical Technology and Translational Medicine, University of Milan, via Vanvitelli, 32, 20129 Milan, Italy.
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Mathias LS, Herman-de-Sousa C, Cury SS, Nogueira CR, Correia-de-Sá P, de Oliveira M. RNA-seq reveals that anti-obesity irisin and triiodothyronine (T3) hormones differentially affect the purinergic signaling transcriptomics in differentiated human adipocytes. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Cell Biol Lipids 2023; 1868:159276. [PMID: 36642213 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbalip.2022.159276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2022] [Revised: 12/05/2022] [Accepted: 12/15/2022] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
The anti-obesity thyroid hormone, triiodothyronine (T3), and irisin, an exercise- and/or cold-induced myokine, stimulate thermogenesis and energy consumption while decreasing lipid accumulation. The involvement of ATP signaling in adipocyte cell function and obesity has attracted increasing attention, but the crosstalk between the purinergic signaling cascade and anti-obesity hormones lacks experimental evidence. In this study, we investigated the effects of T3 and irisin in the transcriptomics of membrane-bound purinoceptors, ectonucleotidase enzymes and nucleoside transporters participating in the purinergic signaling in cultured human adipocytes. The RNA-seq analysis revealed that differentiated adipocytes express high amounts of ADORA1, P2RY11, P2RY12, and P2RX6 gene transcripts, along with abundant levels of transcriptional products encoding to purine metabolizing enzymes (ENPP2, ENPP1, NT5E, ADA and ADK) and transporters (SLC29A1, SCL29A2). The transcriptomics of purinergic signaling markers changed in parallel to the upsurge of "browning" adipocyte markers, like UCP1 and P2RX5, after treatment with T3 and irisin. Upregulation of ADORA1, ADORA2A and P2RX4 gene transcription was obtained with irisin, whereas T3 preferentially upregulated NT5E, SLC29A2 and P2RY11 genes. Irisin was more powerful than T3 towards inhibition of the leptin gene transcription, the SCL29A1 gene encoding for the ENT1 transporter, the E-NPP2 (autotaxin) gene, and genes that encode for two ADP-sensitive P2Y receptors, P2RY1 and P2RY12. These findings indicate that anti-obesity irisin and T3 hormones differentially affect the purinergic signaling transcriptomics, which might point towards new directions for the treatment of obesity and related metabolic disorders that are worth to be pursued in future functional studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucas Solla Mathias
- Department of Internal Clinic, Botucatu Medical School, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Carina Herman-de-Sousa
- Laboratório de Farmacologia e Neurobiologia, Departamento de Imuno-Fisiologia e Farmacologia, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas de Abel Salazar, Universidade do Porto (ICBAS-UP), Porto, Portugal
| | - Sarah Santiloni Cury
- Department of Structural and Functional Biology, Institute of Biosciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Célia Regina Nogueira
- Department of Internal Clinic, Botucatu Medical School, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Paulo Correia-de-Sá
- Laboratório de Farmacologia e Neurobiologia, Departamento de Imuno-Fisiologia e Farmacologia, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas de Abel Salazar, Universidade do Porto (ICBAS-UP), Porto, Portugal; Center for Drug Discovery and Innovative Medicines (MedInUP), ICBAS-UP, Porto, Portugal.
| | - Miriane de Oliveira
- Department of Internal Clinic, Botucatu Medical School, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu, São Paulo, Brazil
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Zhou R, Wang Z, Zhou B, Yu Z, Wu C, Hou J, Cheng K, Liu TC. Estrogen receptors mediate the antidepressant effects of aerobic exercise: A possible new mechanism. Front Aging Neurosci 2022; 14:1040828. [PMID: 36570542 PMCID: PMC9780551 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2022.1040828] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2022] [Accepted: 10/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose This study aimed to examine whether aerobic exercise exerts mood-modulating effects through an estrogen signaling mechanism. Method The experiment was divided into two parts. The first part is to compare the three modeling methods to obtain the most obvious method of depression-like phenotype for further study in the second part. The first part of ovariectomized rats (age, 13 weeks) was tested when rats were 14 or 22 weeks old or in the sixth week after 3 weeks of chronic restraint stress. The second part was to treat the animals with the most obvious depression-like phenotype in different ways, placebo treatment or estradiol (E2) replacement therapy was administered, aerobic training, or estrogen receptor antagonist treatment. The cognitive (Barnes maze and 3-chamber social tests), anxiety-like (open-field and elevated plus maze tests) and depression-like (sucrose preference and forced swim tests) behaviors of rats in both parts were analyzed to study the effects of estrogen depletion and aerobic exercise. Results Rats did not develop depressive symptoms immediately after ovariectomy, however, the symptoms became more pronounced with a gradual decrease in ovarian hormone levels. Compared with the placebo or control groups, the exercise and E2 groups showed improved performance in all behavioral test tasks, and the antidepressant effects of aerobic exercise were comparable to those of estrogen. Moreover, the estrogen receptor antagonist has markedly inhibited the antidepressant effects of aerobic exercise. Conclusion Estrogen receptors may mediate the antidepressant effects of aerobic exercise. In addition, an increasingly fragile ovarian hormonal environment may underlies chronic restraint stress-induced depression.
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Qi Y, Hui XH. The Single-Cell Revelation of Thermogenic Adipose Tissue. Mol Cells 2022; 45:673-684. [PMID: 36254709 PMCID: PMC9589375 DOI: 10.14348/molcells.2022.0092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2022] [Revised: 07/07/2022] [Accepted: 07/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
The past two decades have witnessed an upsurge in the appreciation of adipose tissue (AT) as an immuno-metabolic hub harbouring heterogeneous cell populations that collectively fine-tune systemic metabolic homeostasis. Technological advancements, especially single-cell transcriptomics, have offered an unprecedented opportunity for dissecting the sophisticated cellular networks and compositional dynamics underpinning AT remodelling. The "re-discovery" of functional brown adipose tissue dissipating heat energy in human adults has aroused tremendous interest in exploiting the mechanisms underpinning the engagement of AT thermogenesis for combating human obesity. In this review, we aim to summarise and evaluate the use of single-cell transcriptomics that contribute to a better appreciation of the cellular plasticity and intercellular crosstalk in thermogenic AT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Qi
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Xiaoyan Hannah Hui
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
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10
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Malavazos AE, Di Vincenzo A, Iacobellis G, Basilico S, Dubini C, Morricone L, Menicanti L, Luca T, Giordano A, Castorina S, Carruba M, Nisoli E, Del Prato S, Cinti S. The density of crown-like structures in epicardial adipose tissue could play a role in cardiovascular diseases. Eat Weight Disord 2022; 27:2905-2910. [PMID: 35678980 DOI: 10.1007/s40519-022-01420-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2022] [Accepted: 05/07/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE The visceral fat of patients affected by abdominal obesity is inflamed, and the main histopathologic feature is the high density of crown-like structures (CLS). Epicardial adipose tissue (EAT) is a visceral fat of paramount importance for its relationships with coronary vessels and myocardium. Its inflammation in patients with abdominal obesity could be of clinical relevance, but histopathological studies on CLS density in EAT are lacking. This study aimed to assess the histopathology of EAT biopsies obtained from patients undergoing open-heart surgery. METHODS We collected EAT biopsies from 10 patients undergoing open-heart surgery for elective coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) (n = 5) or valvular replacement (VR) (n = 5). Biopsies were treated for light microscopy and immunohistochemistry. We quantify the CLS density in each EAT sample. RESULTS Despite all patients having abdominal obesity, in EAT samples, no CLS were detected in the VR group; in contrast, CLS were detected in the CABG group (about 17 CLS/104 adipocytes vs. 0.0 CLS/104 adipocytes, CABG vs. VR group, respectively). An impressive density of CLS (100 times that of other patients) was found in one patient (LS) in the CABG group that had a relevant anamnestic aspect: relatively rapid increase of weight gain, especially in abdominal adipose tissue, coincident with myocardial infarction. CONCLUSIONS CLS density could be an important predictive tool for cardiovascular diseases. Furthermore, the LS case implies a role for timing in weight gain. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE No level of evidence; this is a basic science study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexis Elias Malavazos
- Endocrinology Unit, Clinical Nutrition and Cardiovascular Prevention Service, IRCCS Policlinico San Donato, Milan, Italy.,Department of Biomedical, Surgical and Dental Sciences, University of Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Angelica Di Vincenzo
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Center of Obesity, Marche Polytechnic University, Via Tronto 10a, Ancona, Italy
| | - Gianluca Iacobellis
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Sara Basilico
- Endocrinology Unit, Clinical Nutrition and Cardiovascular Prevention Service, IRCCS Policlinico San Donato, Milan, Italy
| | - Carola Dubini
- Endocrinology Unit, Clinical Nutrition and Cardiovascular Prevention Service, IRCCS Policlinico San Donato, Milan, Italy
| | - Lelio Morricone
- Endocrinology Unit, Clinical Nutrition and Cardiovascular Prevention Service, IRCCS Policlinico San Donato, Milan, Italy
| | - Lorenzo Menicanti
- Cardiac Surgery Department, IRCCS Policlinico San Donato, San Donato Milanese, Italy
| | - Tonia Luca
- Department of Medical, Surgical Sciences and Advanced Technologies "G.F. Ingrassia", University of Catania, Catania, Italy.,Mediterranean Foundation "G.B. Morgagni", Catania, Italy
| | - Antonio Giordano
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Center of Obesity, Marche Polytechnic University, Via Tronto 10a, Ancona, Italy
| | - Sergio Castorina
- Department of Medical, Surgical Sciences and Advanced Technologies "G.F. Ingrassia", University of Catania, Catania, Italy.,Mediterranean Foundation "G.B. Morgagni", Catania, Italy
| | - Michele Carruba
- Center for Study and Research on Obesity, Department of Biomedical Technology and Translational Medicine, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Enzo Nisoli
- Center for Study and Research on Obesity, Department of Biomedical Technology and Translational Medicine, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Stefano Del Prato
- Section of Diabetes and Metabolic Disease, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa and Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Pisana, Pisa, Italy
| | - Saverio Cinti
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Center of Obesity, Marche Polytechnic University, Via Tronto 10a, Ancona, Italy.
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11
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Silva GDN, Amato AA. Thermogenic adipose tissue aging: Mechanisms and implications. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 10:955612. [PMID: 35979379 PMCID: PMC9376969 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2022.955612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2022] [Accepted: 07/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Adipose tissue undergoes significant anatomical and functional changes with aging, leading to an increased risk of metabolic diseases. Age-related changes in adipose tissue include overall defective adipogenesis, dysfunctional adipokine secretion, inflammation, and impaired ability to produce heat by nonshivering thermogenesis. Thermogenesis in adipose tissue is accomplished by brown and beige adipocytes, which also play a role in regulating energy homeostasis. Brown adipocytes develop prenatally, are found in dedicated depots, and involute in early infancy in humans. In contrast, beige adipocytes arise postnatally in white adipose tissue and persist throughout life, despite being lost with aging. In recent years, there have been significant advances in the understanding of age-related reduction in thermogenic adipocyte mass and function. Mechanisms underlying such changes are beginning to be delineated. They comprise diminished adipose precursor cell pool size and adipogenic potential, mitochondrial dysfunction, decreased sympathetic signaling, and altered paracrine and endocrine signals. This review presents current evidence from animal models and human studies for the mechanisms underlying thermogenic adipocyte loss and discusses potential strategies targeting brown and beige adipocytes to increase health span and longevity.
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12
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Onogi Y, Ussar S. Regulatory networks determining substrate utilization in brown adipocytes. Trends Endocrinol Metab 2022; 33:493-506. [PMID: 35491296 DOI: 10.1016/j.tem.2022.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2022] [Revised: 03/25/2022] [Accepted: 04/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Brown adipose tissue (BAT) is often considered as a sink for nutrients to generate heat. However, when the complex hormonal and nervous inputs and intracellular signaling networks regulating substrate utilization are considered, BAT appears much more as a tightly controlled rheostat, regulating body temperature and balancing circulating nutrient levels. Here we provide an overview of key regulatory circuits, including the diurnal rhythm, determining glucose, fatty acid, and amino acid utilization and the interdependency of these nutrients in thermogenesis. Moreover, we discuss additional factors mediating sympathetic BAT activation beyond β-adrenergic signaling and the limitations of glucose-based BAT activity measurements to foster a better understanding and interpretation of BAT activity data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasuhiro Onogi
- RG Adipocytes & Metabolism, Institute for Diabetes & Obesity, Helmholtz Diabetes Center, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health GmbH, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany; German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), 85764 Neuherberg, Germany.
| | - Siegfried Ussar
- RG Adipocytes & Metabolism, Institute for Diabetes & Obesity, Helmholtz Diabetes Center, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health GmbH, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany; German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), 85764 Neuherberg, Germany; Department of Medicine, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany.
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13
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Huang Z, Zhang Z, Moazzami Z, Heck R, Hu P, Nanda H, Ren K, Sun Z, Bartolomucci A, Gao Y, Chung D, Zhu W, Shen S, Ruan HB. Brown adipose tissue involution associated with progressive restriction in progenitor competence. Cell Rep 2022; 39:110575. [PMID: 35417710 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2022.110575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2021] [Revised: 01/10/2022] [Accepted: 03/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Human brown adipose tissue (BAT) undergoes progressive involution. This involution process is not recapitulated in rodents, and the underlying mechanisms are poorly understood. Here we show that the interscapular BAT (iBAT) of rabbits whitens rapidly during early adulthood. The transcriptomic remodeling and identity switch of mature adipocytes are accompanied by loss of brown adipogenic competence of progenitors. Single-cell RNA sequencing reveals that rabbit and human iBAT progenitors highly express the FSTL1 gene. When iBAT involutes in rabbits, adipocyte progenitors reduce FSTL1 expression and are refractory to brown adipogenic recruitment. Conversely, FSTL1 is constitutively expressed in mouse iBAT to sustain WNT signaling and prevent involution. Progenitor incompetence and iBAT paucity can be induced in mice by genetic deletion of the Fstl1 gene or ablation of Fstl1+ progenitors. Our results highlight the hierarchy and dynamics of the BAT progenitor compartment and implicate the functional incompetence of FSTL1-expressing progenitors in BAT involution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zan Huang
- Laboratory of Gastrointestinal Microbiology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Gastrointestinal Nutrition and Animal Health, College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210095, China; National Center for International Research on Animal Gut Nutrition, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210095, China; Department of Integrative Biology and Physiology, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA.
| | - Zengdi Zhang
- Department of Integrative Biology and Physiology, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - Zahra Moazzami
- Department of Integrative Biology and Physiology, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - Ryan Heck
- Department of Integrative Biology and Physiology, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - Ping Hu
- Department of Prenatal Diagnosis, Women's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210004, China
| | - Hezkiel Nanda
- Institute for Health Informatics, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - Kaiqun Ren
- Department of Integrative Biology and Physiology, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA; College of Medicine, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, Hunan 410081, China
| | - Zequn Sun
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29425, USA
| | - Alessandro Bartolomucci
- Department of Integrative Biology and Physiology, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - Yan Gao
- Department of Human Anatomy, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China
| | - Dongjun Chung
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Weiyun Zhu
- Laboratory of Gastrointestinal Microbiology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Gastrointestinal Nutrition and Animal Health, College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210095, China; National Center for International Research on Animal Gut Nutrition, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210095, China
| | - Steven Shen
- Institute for Health Informatics, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA; Clinical Translational Science Institute, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - Hai-Bin Ruan
- Department of Integrative Biology and Physiology, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA; Center for Immunology, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA.
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14
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Deckmyn B, Domenger D, Blondel C, Ducastel S, Nicolas E, Dorchies E, Caron E, Charton J, Vallez E, Deprez B, Annicotte JS, Lestavel S, Tailleux A, Magnan C, Staels B, Bantubungi K. Farnesoid X Receptor Activation in Brain Alters Brown Adipose Tissue Function via the Sympathetic System. Front Mol Neurosci 2022; 14:808603. [PMID: 35058750 PMCID: PMC8764415 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2021.808603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2021] [Accepted: 12/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The nuclear bile acid (BA) receptor farnesoid X receptor (FXR) is a major regulator of metabolic/energy homeostasis in peripheral organs. Indeed, enterohepatic-expressed FXR controls metabolic processes (BA, glucose and lipid metabolism, fat mass, body weight). The central nervous system (CNS) regulates energy homeostasis in close interaction with peripheral organs. While FXR has been reported to be expressed in the brain, its function has not been studied so far. We studied the role of FXR in brain control of energy homeostasis by treating wild-type and FXR-deficient mice by intracerebroventricular (ICV) injection with the reference FXR agonist GW4064. Here we show that pharmacological activation of brain FXR modifies energy homeostasis by affecting brown adipose tissue (BAT) function. Brain FXR activation decreases the rate-limiting enzyme in catecholamine synthesis, tyrosine hydroxylase (TH), and consequently the sympathetic tone. FXR activation acts by inhibiting hypothalamic PKA-CREB induction of TH expression. These findings identify a function of brain FXR in the control of energy homeostasis and shed new light on the complex control of energy homeostasis by BA through FXR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin Deckmyn
- EGID, U1011, University of Lille, Lille, France
- Inserm, U1011, Lille, France
- CHU Lille, Lille, France
- Institut Pasteur de Lille, Lille, France
- Laboratory of Lille Catholic Hospitals, Medical Biology Department, Lille Catholic University, Lille, France
| | - Dorothée Domenger
- EGID, U1011, University of Lille, Lille, France
- Inserm, U1011, Lille, France
- CHU Lille, Lille, France
- Institut Pasteur de Lille, Lille, France
| | - Chloé Blondel
- EGID, U1011, University of Lille, Lille, France
- Inserm, U1011, Lille, France
- CHU Lille, Lille, France
- Institut Pasteur de Lille, Lille, France
| | - Sarah Ducastel
- EGID, U1011, University of Lille, Lille, France
- Inserm, U1011, Lille, France
- CHU Lille, Lille, France
- Institut Pasteur de Lille, Lille, France
| | - Emilie Nicolas
- EGID, U1011, University of Lille, Lille, France
- Inserm, U1011, Lille, France
- CHU Lille, Lille, France
- Institut Pasteur de Lille, Lille, France
| | - Emilie Dorchies
- EGID, U1011, University of Lille, Lille, France
- Inserm, U1011, Lille, France
- CHU Lille, Lille, France
- Institut Pasteur de Lille, Lille, France
| | | | - Julie Charton
- Institut Pasteur de Lille, Lille, France
- Inserm U1177, Lille, France
- Drugs and Molecules for Living Systems, U1177, University of Lille, Lille, France
| | - Emmanuelle Vallez
- EGID, U1011, University of Lille, Lille, France
- Inserm, U1011, Lille, France
- CHU Lille, Lille, France
- Institut Pasteur de Lille, Lille, France
| | - Benoit Deprez
- Institut Pasteur de Lille, Lille, France
- Inserm U1177, Lille, France
- Drugs and Molecules for Living Systems, U1177, University of Lille, Lille, France
| | | | - Sophie Lestavel
- EGID, U1011, University of Lille, Lille, France
- Inserm, U1011, Lille, France
- CHU Lille, Lille, France
- Institut Pasteur de Lille, Lille, France
| | - Anne Tailleux
- EGID, U1011, University of Lille, Lille, France
- Inserm, U1011, Lille, France
- CHU Lille, Lille, France
- Institut Pasteur de Lille, Lille, France
| | | | - Bart Staels
- EGID, U1011, University of Lille, Lille, France
- Inserm, U1011, Lille, France
- CHU Lille, Lille, France
- Institut Pasteur de Lille, Lille, France
- *Correspondence: Bart Staels,
| | - Kadiombo Bantubungi
- EGID, U1011, University of Lille, Lille, France
- Inserm, U1011, Lille, France
- CHU Lille, Lille, France
- Institut Pasteur de Lille, Lille, France
- Kadiombo Bantubungi,
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15
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Grant MK, Razzoli M, Abdelgawad IY, Mansk R, Seelig D, Bartolomucci A, Zordoky BN. Juvenile exposure to doxorubicin alters the cardiovascular response to adult-onset psychosocial stress in mice. Stress 2022; 25:291-304. [PMID: 35942624 PMCID: PMC9749214 DOI: 10.1080/10253890.2022.2104121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Childhood cancer survivors have a high risk for premature cardiovascular diseases, mainly due to cardiotoxic cancer treatments such as doxorubicin (DOX). Psychosocial stress is a significant cardiovascular risk factor and an enormous burden in childhood cancer survivors. Although observational studies suggest that psychosocial stress is associated with cardiovascular complications in cancer survivors, there is no translationally relevant animal model to study this interaction. We established a "two-hit" model in which juvenile mice were administered DOX (4 mg/kg/week for 3 weeks), paired to a validated model of chronic subordination stress (CSS) 5 weeks later upon reaching adulthood. Blood pressure, heart rate, and activity were monitored by radio-telemetry. At the end of CSS experiment, cardiac function was assessed by echocardiography. Cardiac fibrosis and inflammation were assessed by histopathologic analysis. Gene expressions of inflammatory and fibrotic markers were determined by PCR. Juvenile exposure to DOX followed by adult-onset CSS caused cardiac fibrosis and inflammation as evident by histopathologic findings and upregulated gene expression of multiple inflammatory and fibrotic markers. Intriguingly, juvenile exposure to DOX blunted CSS-induced hypertension but not CSS-induced tachycardia. There were no significant differences in cardiac function parameters among all groups, but juvenile exposure to DOX abrogated the hypertrophic response to CSS. In conclusion, we established a translationally relevant mouse model of juvenile DOX-induced cardiotoxicity that predisposes to adult-onset stress-induced adverse cardiac remodeling. Psychosocial stress should be taken into consideration in cardiovascular risk stratification of DOX-treated childhood cancer survivors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marianne K.O. Grant
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology, University of Minnesota College of Pharmacy, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Maria Razzoli
- Department of Integrative Biology and Physiology, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Ibrahim Y. Abdelgawad
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology, University of Minnesota College of Pharmacy, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Rachel Mansk
- Department of Integrative Biology and Physiology, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Davis Seelig
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, University of Minnesota College of Veterinary Medicine, St. Paul, MN, USA
| | - Alessandro Bartolomucci
- Department of Integrative Biology and Physiology, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Beshay N. Zordoky
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology, University of Minnesota College of Pharmacy, Minneapolis, MN, USA
- Corresponding Author Beshay Zordoky, PhD, 3-120 Weaver-Densford Hall, 308 Harvard Street SE, Minneapolis, MN 55455, United States of America, Phone: 1-612-625-6499,
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16
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Chou TJ, Lu CW, Liao CC, Chiang CH, Huang CC, Huang KC. Ovariectomy Interferes with Proteomes of Brown Adipose Tissue in Rats. Int J Med Sci 2022; 19:499-510. [PMID: 35370469 PMCID: PMC8964325 DOI: 10.7150/ijms.66996] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2021] [Accepted: 02/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Postmenopausal women exhibit a higher prevalence of obesity due to decreased energy expenditure and increased food intake compared to their premenopausal counterparts. Brown adipose tissue (BAT) plays a key role in energy homeostasis, thus providing us with appealing therapeutic targets in obesity. However, how BAT proteomes are altered in response to low levels of estrogen remains unclear. To better understand the underlying mechanisms between the postmenopausal state and BAT proteomic changes, our study aimed to investigate the effect of ovariectomy on the BAT proteome. In this study, eight-week-old female Sprague Dawley rats were randomly allocated into bilateral ovariectomy (Ovx) and sham operation (Sham) groups. Mass spectrometry was used for proteomics assay and Ingenuity Pathway Analysis was applied to examine the differentially regulated proteins. Of the 1,412 identified proteins, 18 proteins were significantly upregulated, whereas 36 proteins were significantly downregulated in the Ovx group as compared to the Sham group. Our findings demonstrate that the proteins involved in BAT morphology, the browning of white adipose tissue, and metabolic substrates for thermogenesis were regulated by ovariectomy. The dysregulation of proteins by ovariectomy might be related to the disruption of BAT function in the postmenopausal status. Understanding how BAT proteomes are altered in response to ovariectomy may illuminate novel therapeutic strategies for the management of postmenopausal weight gain in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tzu-Jung Chou
- Department of Family Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.,Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Wen Lu
- Department of Family Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.,Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan.,Department of Family Medicine, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chen-Chung Liao
- Metabolomics-Proteomics Research Center, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chien-Hsieh Chiang
- Department of Family Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.,Department of Family Medicine, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan.,Graduate Institute of Pharmacology, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chi-Chang Huang
- Graduate Institute of Sports Science, National Taiwan Sport University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Kuo-Chin Huang
- Department of Family Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.,Department of Family Medicine, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan.,Department of Family Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital Hsin-Chu Branch, Hsinchu, Taiwan
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17
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Sahu BS, Nguyen ME, Rodriguez P, Pallais JP, Ghosh V, Razzoli M, Sham YY, Salton SR, Bartolomucci A. The molecular identity of the TLQP-21 peptide receptor. Cell Mol Life Sci 2021; 78:7133-7144. [PMID: 34626205 PMCID: PMC8629782 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-021-03944-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2021] [Revised: 09/08/2021] [Accepted: 09/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The TLQP-21 neuropeptide has been implicated in functions as diverse as lipolysis, neurodegeneration and metabolism, thus suggesting an important role in several human diseases. Three binding targets have been proposed for TLQP-21: C3aR1, gC1qR and HSPA8. The aim of this review is to critically evaluate the molecular identity of the TLQP-21 receptor and the proposed multi-receptor mechanism of action. Several studies confirm a critical role for C3aR1 in TLQP-21 biological activity and a largely conserved mode of binding, receptor activation and signaling with C3a, its first-identified endogenous ligand. Conversely, data supporting a role of gC1qR and HSPA8 in TLQP-21 activity remain limited, with no signal transduction pathways being described. Overall, C3aR1 is the only receptor for which a necessary and sufficient role in TLQP-21 activity has been confirmed thus far. This conclusion calls into question the validity of a multi-receptor mechanism of action for TLQP-21 and should inform future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bhavani S Sahu
- National Brain Research Centre, NH-8, Manesar, Gurugram, Haryana, 122052, India
| | - Megin E Nguyen
- Department of Integrative Biology and Physiology, University of Minnesota, 2231 6th St. SE, Minneapolis, MN, 55455, USA
- Bioinformatics and Computational Biology Program, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, USA
| | - Pedro Rodriguez
- Department of Integrative Biology and Physiology, University of Minnesota, 2231 6th St. SE, Minneapolis, MN, 55455, USA
| | - Jean Pierre Pallais
- Department of Integrative Biology and Physiology, University of Minnesota, 2231 6th St. SE, Minneapolis, MN, 55455, USA
| | - Vinayak Ghosh
- National Brain Research Centre, NH-8, Manesar, Gurugram, Haryana, 122052, India
| | - Maria Razzoli
- Department of Integrative Biology and Physiology, University of Minnesota, 2231 6th St. SE, Minneapolis, MN, 55455, USA
| | - Yuk Y Sham
- Department of Integrative Biology and Physiology, University of Minnesota, 2231 6th St. SE, Minneapolis, MN, 55455, USA
- Bioinformatics and Computational Biology Program, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, USA
| | - Stephen R Salton
- Departments of Neuroscience and Geriatrics and Palliative Medicine, Friedman Brain Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, One Gustave L. Levy Place, New York, NY, 10029, USA
| | - Alessandro Bartolomucci
- Department of Integrative Biology and Physiology, University of Minnesota, 2231 6th St. SE, Minneapolis, MN, 55455, USA.
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18
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Strassheim D, Sullivan T, Irwin DC, Gerasimovskaya E, Lahm T, Klemm DJ, Dempsey EC, Stenmark KR, Karoor V. Metabolite G-Protein Coupled Receptors in Cardio-Metabolic Diseases. Cells 2021; 10:3347. [PMID: 34943862 PMCID: PMC8699532 DOI: 10.3390/cells10123347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2021] [Revised: 11/10/2021] [Accepted: 11/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) have originally been described as a family of receptors activated by hormones, neurotransmitters, and other mediators. However, in recent years GPCRs have shown to bind endogenous metabolites, which serve functions other than as signaling mediators. These receptors respond to fatty acids, mono- and disaccharides, amino acids, or various intermediates and products of metabolism, including ketone bodies, lactate, succinate, or bile acids. Given that many of these metabolic processes are dysregulated under pathological conditions, including diabetes, dyslipidemia, and obesity, receptors of endogenous metabolites have also been recognized as potential drug targets to prevent and/or treat metabolic and cardiovascular diseases. This review describes G protein-coupled receptors activated by endogenous metabolites and summarizes their physiological, pathophysiological, and potential pharmacological roles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Derek Strassheim
- Department of Medicine Cardiovascular and Pulmonary Research Laboratory, University of Colorado Denver, Denver, CO 80204, USA; (D.S.); (T.S.); (D.C.I.); (E.G.); (D.J.K.); (E.C.D.); (K.R.S.)
| | - Timothy Sullivan
- Department of Medicine Cardiovascular and Pulmonary Research Laboratory, University of Colorado Denver, Denver, CO 80204, USA; (D.S.); (T.S.); (D.C.I.); (E.G.); (D.J.K.); (E.C.D.); (K.R.S.)
| | - David C. Irwin
- Department of Medicine Cardiovascular and Pulmonary Research Laboratory, University of Colorado Denver, Denver, CO 80204, USA; (D.S.); (T.S.); (D.C.I.); (E.G.); (D.J.K.); (E.C.D.); (K.R.S.)
| | - Evgenia Gerasimovskaya
- Department of Medicine Cardiovascular and Pulmonary Research Laboratory, University of Colorado Denver, Denver, CO 80204, USA; (D.S.); (T.S.); (D.C.I.); (E.G.); (D.J.K.); (E.C.D.); (K.R.S.)
| | - Tim Lahm
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, National Jewish Health Denver, Denver, CO 80206, USA;
- Rocky Mountain Regional VA Medical Center, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Dwight J. Klemm
- Department of Medicine Cardiovascular and Pulmonary Research Laboratory, University of Colorado Denver, Denver, CO 80204, USA; (D.S.); (T.S.); (D.C.I.); (E.G.); (D.J.K.); (E.C.D.); (K.R.S.)
- Rocky Mountain Regional VA Medical Center, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
- Division of Pulmonary Sciences and Critical Care Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Colorado, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Edward C. Dempsey
- Department of Medicine Cardiovascular and Pulmonary Research Laboratory, University of Colorado Denver, Denver, CO 80204, USA; (D.S.); (T.S.); (D.C.I.); (E.G.); (D.J.K.); (E.C.D.); (K.R.S.)
- Rocky Mountain Regional VA Medical Center, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
- Division of Pulmonary Sciences and Critical Care Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Colorado, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Kurt R. Stenmark
- Department of Medicine Cardiovascular and Pulmonary Research Laboratory, University of Colorado Denver, Denver, CO 80204, USA; (D.S.); (T.S.); (D.C.I.); (E.G.); (D.J.K.); (E.C.D.); (K.R.S.)
| | - Vijaya Karoor
- Department of Medicine Cardiovascular and Pulmonary Research Laboratory, University of Colorado Denver, Denver, CO 80204, USA; (D.S.); (T.S.); (D.C.I.); (E.G.); (D.J.K.); (E.C.D.); (K.R.S.)
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, National Jewish Health Denver, Denver, CO 80206, USA;
- Division of Pulmonary Sciences and Critical Care Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Colorado, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
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19
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Berry A, Collacchi B, Capoccia S, D'Urso MT, Cecchetti S, Raggi C, Sestili P, Aricò E, Pontecorvi G, Puglisi R, Ortona E, Cirulli F. Chronic Isolation Stress Affects Central Neuroendocrine Signaling Leading to a Metabolically Active Microenvironment in a Mouse Model of Breast Cancer. Front Behav Neurosci 2021; 15:660738. [PMID: 34305544 PMCID: PMC8298821 DOI: 10.3389/fnbeh.2021.660738] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2021] [Accepted: 06/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Social isolation is a powerful stressor capable of affecting brain plasticity and function. In the case of breast cancer, previous data indicate that stressful experiences may contribute to a worse prognosis, activating neuroendocrine and metabolism pathways, although the mechanisms underlying these effects are still poorly understood. In this study, we tested the hypothesis that chronic isolation stress (IS) may boost hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal (HPA) axis activity, leading to changes in the hypothalamic expression of genes modulating both mood and metabolism in an animal model of breast cancer. This centrally activated signaling cascade would, in turn, affect the mammary gland microenvironment specifically targeting fat metabolism, leading to accelerated tumor onset. MMTVNeuTg female mice (a model of breast cancer developing mammary hyperplasia at 5 months of age) were either group-housed (GH) or subjected to IS from weaning until 5 months of age. At this time, half of these subjects underwent acute restraint stress to assess corticosterone (CORT) levels, while the remaining subjects were characterized for their emotional profile in the forced swimming and saccharin preference tests. At the end of the procedures, all the mice were sacrificed to assess hypothalamic expression levels of Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (Bdnf), Neuropeptide Y (NpY), Agouti-Related Peptide (AgRP), and Serum/Glucocorticoid-Regulated Protein Kinase 1 (SgK1). Leptin and adiponectin expression levels, as well as the presence of brown adipose tissue (BAT), were assessed in mammary fat pads. The IS mice showed higher CORT levels following acute stress and decreased expression of NpY, AgRP, and SgK1, associated with greater behavioral despair in the forced swimming test. Furthermore, they were characterized by increased consumption of saccharin in a preference test, suggesting an enhanced hedonic profile. The IS mice also showed an earlier onset of breast lumps (assessed by palpation) accompanied by elevated levels of adipokines (leptin and adiponectin) and BAT in the mammary fat pads. Overall, these data point to IS as a pervasive stressor that is able to specifically target neuronal circuits, mastered by the hypothalamus, modulating mood, stress reactivity and energy homeostasis. The activation of such IS-driven machinery may hold main implications for the onset and maintenance of pro-tumorigenic environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandra Berry
- Center for Behavioral Sciences and Mental Health, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy
| | - Barbara Collacchi
- Center for Behavioral Sciences and Mental Health, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy
| | - Sara Capoccia
- Center for Behavioral Sciences and Mental Health, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy
| | - Maria Teresa D'Urso
- Animal Research and Welfare Center, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy
| | - Serena Cecchetti
- Microscopy Area, Core Facilities, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy
| | - Carla Raggi
- National Centre for the Control and the Evaluation of Medicines, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy
| | - Paola Sestili
- National Centre for the Control and the Evaluation of Medicines, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy
| | - Eleonora Aricò
- FaBioCell, Core Facilities, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy
| | - Giada Pontecorvi
- Center for Gender-Specific Medicine, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy
| | - Rossella Puglisi
- Center for Gender-Specific Medicine, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy
| | - Elena Ortona
- Center for Gender-Specific Medicine, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy
| | - Francesca Cirulli
- Center for Behavioral Sciences and Mental Health, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy
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20
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Sveidahl Johansen O, Ma T, Hansen JB, Markussen LK, Schreiber R, Reverte-Salisa L, Dong H, Christensen DP, Sun W, Gnad T, Karavaeva I, Nielsen TS, Kooijman S, Cero C, Dmytriyeva O, Shen Y, Razzoli M, O'Brien SL, Kuipers EN, Nielsen CH, Orchard W, Willemsen N, Jespersen NZ, Lundh M, Sustarsic EG, Hallgren CM, Frost M, McGonigle S, Isidor MS, Broholm C, Pedersen O, Hansen JB, Grarup N, Hansen T, Kjær A, Granneman JG, Babu MM, Calebiro D, Nielsen S, Rydén M, Soccio R, Rensen PCN, Treebak JT, Schwartz TW, Emanuelli B, Bartolomucci A, Pfeifer A, Zechner R, Scheele C, Mandrup S, Gerhart-Hines Z. Lipolysis drives expression of the constitutively active receptor GPR3 to induce adipose thermogenesis. Cell 2021; 184:3502-3518.e33. [PMID: 34048700 PMCID: PMC8238500 DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2021.04.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2020] [Revised: 02/10/2021] [Accepted: 04/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Thermogenic adipocytes possess a therapeutically appealing, energy-expending capacity, which is canonically cold-induced by ligand-dependent activation of β-adrenergic G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs). Here, we uncover an alternate paradigm of GPCR-mediated adipose thermogenesis through the constitutively active receptor, GPR3. We show that the N terminus of GPR3 confers intrinsic signaling activity, resulting in continuous Gs-coupling and cAMP production without an exogenous ligand. Thus, transcriptional induction of Gpr3 represents the regulatory parallel to ligand-binding of conventional GPCRs. Consequently, increasing Gpr3 expression in thermogenic adipocytes is alone sufficient to drive energy expenditure and counteract metabolic disease in mice. Gpr3 transcription is cold-stimulated by a lipolytic signal, and dietary fat potentiates GPR3-dependent thermogenesis to amplify the response to caloric excess. Moreover, we find GPR3 to be an essential, adrenergic-independent regulator of human brown adipocytes. Taken together, our findings reveal a noncanonical mechanism of GPCR control and thermogenic activation through the lipolysis-induced expression of constitutively active GPR3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olivia Sveidahl Johansen
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark; Embark Biotech ApS, Copenhagen, Denmark; Center for Adipocyte Signaling, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Tao Ma
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark; Embark Biotech ApS, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Jakob Bondo Hansen
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark; Embark Biotech ApS, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Lasse Kruse Markussen
- Center for Adipocyte Signaling, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark; Functional Genomics and Metabolism Research Unit, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Renate Schreiber
- Institute of Molecular Biosciences, University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Laia Reverte-Salisa
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University Hospital, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Hua Dong
- Institute of Food, Nutrition and Health, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | | | - Wenfei Sun
- Institute of Food, Nutrition and Health, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Thorsten Gnad
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University Hospital, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Iuliia Karavaeva
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Thomas Svava Nielsen
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Sander Kooijman
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands; Einthoven Laboratory for Experimental Vascular Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Cheryl Cero
- Department of Integrative Biology and Physiology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Oksana Dmytriyeva
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Yachen Shen
- Institute for Diabetes, Obesity, and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Maria Razzoli
- Department of Integrative Biology and Physiology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Shannon L O'Brien
- Institute of Metabolism and Systems Research, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK; Centre of Membrane Proteins and Receptors (COMPARE), Universities of Birmingham and Nottingham, Birmingham, UK; Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology and Bio-Imaging Center, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Eline N Kuipers
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands; Einthoven Laboratory for Experimental Vascular Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Carsten Haagen Nielsen
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark; Department of Clinical Physiology, Nuclear Medicine & PET and Cluster for Molecular Imaging, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | | | - Nienke Willemsen
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Naja Zenius Jespersen
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark; Centre of Inflammation and Metabolism and Centre for Physical Activity Research, Rigshospitalet, University Hospital of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Morten Lundh
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Elahu Gosney Sustarsic
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Cecilie Mørch Hallgren
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Mikkel Frost
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Seth McGonigle
- Department of Integrative Biology and Physiology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Marie Sophie Isidor
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Christa Broholm
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Oluf Pedersen
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Jacob Bo Hansen
- Section for Cell Biology and Physiology, Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Niels Grarup
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Torben Hansen
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Andreas Kjær
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark; Department of Clinical Physiology, Nuclear Medicine & PET and Cluster for Molecular Imaging, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - James G Granneman
- Center for Molecular Medicine and Genetics, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - M Madan Babu
- MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Cambridge, UK; Department of Structural Biology and Center for Data Driven Discovery, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Davide Calebiro
- Institute of Metabolism and Systems Research, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK; Centre of Membrane Proteins and Receptors (COMPARE), Universities of Birmingham and Nottingham, Birmingham, UK; Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology and Bio-Imaging Center, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Søren Nielsen
- Centre of Inflammation and Metabolism and Centre for Physical Activity Research, Rigshospitalet, University Hospital of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Mikael Rydén
- Department of Medicine (H7), Karolinska Institute, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Raymond Soccio
- Institute for Diabetes, Obesity, and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Patrick C N Rensen
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands; Einthoven Laboratory for Experimental Vascular Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Jonas Thue Treebak
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Thue Walter Schwartz
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark; Embark Biotech ApS, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Brice Emanuelli
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Alessandro Bartolomucci
- Department of Integrative Biology and Physiology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Alexander Pfeifer
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University Hospital, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Rudolf Zechner
- Institute of Molecular Biosciences, University of Graz, Graz, Austria; BioTechMed-Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Camilla Scheele
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Susanne Mandrup
- Center for Adipocyte Signaling, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark; Functional Genomics and Metabolism Research Unit, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Zachary Gerhart-Hines
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark; Embark Biotech ApS, Copenhagen, Denmark; Center for Adipocyte Signaling, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark.
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21
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Franco CCDS, Previate C, Trombini AB, Miranda RA, Barella LF, Saavedra LPJ, de Oliveira JC, Prates KV, Tófolo LP, Ribeiro TA, Pavanello A, Malta A, Martins IP, Moreira VM, Matiusso CCI, Francisco FA, Alves VS, de Moraes AMP, de Sant Anna JR, de Castro Prado MAA, Gomes RM, Vieira E, de Freitas Mathias PC. Metformin Improves Autonomic Nervous System Imbalance and Metabolic Dysfunction in Monosodium L-Glutamate-Treated Rats. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2021; 12:660793. [PMID: 34149616 PMCID: PMC8212417 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2021.660793] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2021] [Accepted: 05/04/2021] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Metformin is an antidiabetic drug used for the treatment of diabetes and metabolic diseases. Imbalance in the autonomic nervous system (ANS) is associated with metabolic diseases. This study aimed to test whether metformin could improve ANS function in obese rats. Obesity was induced by neonatal treatment with monosodium L-glutamate (MSG). During 21-100 days of age, MSG-rats were treated with metformin 250 mg/kg body weight/day or saline solution. Rats were euthanized to evaluate biometric and biochemical parameters. ANS electrical activity was recorded and analyzed. Metformin normalized the hypervagal response in MSG-rats. Glucose-stimulated insulin secretion in isolated pancreatic islets increased in MSG-rats, while the cholinergic response decreased. Metformin treatment normalized the cholinergic response, which involved mostly the M3 muscarinic acetylcholine receptor (M3 mAChR) in pancreatic beta-cells. Protein expression of M3 mAChRs increased in MSG-obesity rats, while metformin treatment decreased the protein expression by 25%. In conclusion, chronic metformin treatment was effective in normalizing ANS activity and alleviating obesity in MSG-rats.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Carina Previate
- Laboratory of Secretion Cell Biology, Department of Biotechnology, Genetics and Cell Biology, State University of Maringá, Maringá, Brazil
| | - Amanda Bianchi Trombini
- Laboratory of Secretion Cell Biology, Department of Biotechnology, Genetics and Cell Biology, State University of Maringá, Maringá, Brazil
| | - Rosiane Aparecida Miranda
- Carlos Chagas Filho Biophysics Institute, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Luiz Felipe Barella
- Laboratory of Secretion Cell Biology, Department of Biotechnology, Genetics and Cell Biology, State University of Maringá, Maringá, Brazil
| | - Lucas Paulo Jacinto Saavedra
- Laboratory of Secretion Cell Biology, Department of Biotechnology, Genetics and Cell Biology, State University of Maringá, Maringá, Brazil
| | | | - Kelly Valério Prates
- Laboratory of Secretion Cell Biology, Department of Biotechnology, Genetics and Cell Biology, State University of Maringá, Maringá, Brazil
| | - Laize Peron Tófolo
- Laboratory of Secretion Cell Biology, Department of Biotechnology, Genetics and Cell Biology, State University of Maringá, Maringá, Brazil
| | - Tatiane Aparecida Ribeiro
- Laboratory of Secretion Cell Biology, Department of Biotechnology, Genetics and Cell Biology, State University of Maringá, Maringá, Brazil
| | - Audrei Pavanello
- Laboratory of Secretion Cell Biology, Department of Biotechnology, Genetics and Cell Biology, State University of Maringá, Maringá, Brazil
| | - Ananda Malta
- Laboratory of Secretion Cell Biology, Department of Biotechnology, Genetics and Cell Biology, State University of Maringá, Maringá, Brazil
| | - Isabela Peixoto Martins
- Laboratory of Secretion Cell Biology, Department of Biotechnology, Genetics and Cell Biology, State University of Maringá, Maringá, Brazil
| | - Veridiana Motta Moreira
- Laboratory of Secretion Cell Biology, Department of Biotechnology, Genetics and Cell Biology, State University of Maringá, Maringá, Brazil
| | - Camila Cristina Ianoni Matiusso
- Laboratory of Secretion Cell Biology, Department of Biotechnology, Genetics and Cell Biology, State University of Maringá, Maringá, Brazil
| | - Flávio Andrade Francisco
- Laboratory of Secretion Cell Biology, Department of Biotechnology, Genetics and Cell Biology, State University of Maringá, Maringá, Brazil
| | - Vander Silva Alves
- Laboratory of Secretion Cell Biology, Department of Biotechnology, Genetics and Cell Biology, State University of Maringá, Maringá, Brazil
| | - Ana Maria Praxedes de Moraes
- Laboratory of Secretion Cell Biology, Department of Biotechnology, Genetics and Cell Biology, State University of Maringá, Maringá, Brazil
| | - Juliane Rocha de Sant Anna
- Laboratory of Mutagenesis & Genetics, Department of Cell Biology and Genetics, State University of Maringá, Maringá, Brazil
| | | | - Rodrigo Mello Gomes
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Federal University of Goiás, Goiânia, Brazil
| | - Elaine Vieira
- Postgraduate Program on Physical Education, University Católica of Brasília, Brasília, Brazil
| | - Paulo Cezar de Freitas Mathias
- Laboratory of Secretion Cell Biology, Department of Biotechnology, Genetics and Cell Biology, State University of Maringá, Maringá, Brazil
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22
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Rian K, Hidalgo MR, Çubuk C, Falco MM, Loucera C, Esteban-Medina M, Alamo-Alvarez I, Peña-Chilet M, Dopazo J. Genome-scale mechanistic modeling of signaling pathways made easy: A bioconductor/cytoscape/web server framework for the analysis of omic data. Comput Struct Biotechnol J 2021; 19:2968-2978. [PMID: 34136096 PMCID: PMC8170118 DOI: 10.1016/j.csbj.2021.05.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2021] [Revised: 04/21/2021] [Accepted: 05/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Genome-scale mechanistic models of pathways are gaining importance for genomic data interpretation because they provide a natural link between genotype measurements (transcriptomics or genomics data) and the phenotype of the cell (its functional behavior). Moreover, mechanistic models can be used to predict the potential effect of interventions, including drug inhibitions. Here, we present the implementation of a mechanistic model of cell signaling for the interpretation of transcriptomic data as an R/Bioconductor package, a Cytoscape plugin and a web tool with enhanced functionality which includes building interpretable predictors, estimation of the effect of perturbations and assessment of the effect of mutations in complex scenarios.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kinza Rian
- Clinical Bioinformatics Area, Fundación Progreso y Salud (FPS), Hospital Virgen del Rocío, Sevilla 41013, Spain
- Laboratory of Innovative Technologies (LTI), National School of Applied Sciences in Tangier, UAE, Morocco
| | - Marta R. Hidalgo
- Bioinformatics and Biostatistics Unit, Centro de Investigación Príncipe Felipe (CIPF), 46012 Valencia, Spain
| | - Cankut Çubuk
- Clinical Bioinformatics Area, Fundación Progreso y Salud (FPS), Hospital Virgen del Rocío, Sevilla 41013, Spain
| | - Matias M. Falco
- Clinical Bioinformatics Area, Fundación Progreso y Salud (FPS), Hospital Virgen del Rocío, Sevilla 41013, Spain
- Bioinformatics in RareDiseases (BiER), Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), Sevilla 41013, Spain
| | - Carlos Loucera
- Clinical Bioinformatics Area, Fundación Progreso y Salud (FPS), Hospital Virgen del Rocío, Sevilla 41013, Spain
- Computational Systems Medicine. Institute of Biomedicine of Seville (IBiS), Sevilla 41013, Spain
| | - Marina Esteban-Medina
- Clinical Bioinformatics Area, Fundación Progreso y Salud (FPS), Hospital Virgen del Rocío, Sevilla 41013, Spain
- Computational Systems Medicine. Institute of Biomedicine of Seville (IBiS), Sevilla 41013, Spain
| | - Inmaculada Alamo-Alvarez
- Clinical Bioinformatics Area, Fundación Progreso y Salud (FPS), Hospital Virgen del Rocío, Sevilla 41013, Spain
- Computational Systems Medicine. Institute of Biomedicine of Seville (IBiS), Sevilla 41013, Spain
| | - María Peña-Chilet
- Clinical Bioinformatics Area, Fundación Progreso y Salud (FPS), Hospital Virgen del Rocío, Sevilla 41013, Spain
- Bioinformatics in RareDiseases (BiER), Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), Sevilla 41013, Spain
- Computational Systems Medicine. Institute of Biomedicine of Seville (IBiS), Sevilla 41013, Spain
| | - Joaquín Dopazo
- Clinical Bioinformatics Area, Fundación Progreso y Salud (FPS), Hospital Virgen del Rocío, Sevilla 41013, Spain
- Bioinformatics in RareDiseases (BiER), Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), Sevilla 41013, Spain
- Computational Systems Medicine. Institute of Biomedicine of Seville (IBiS), Sevilla 41013, Spain
- Functional Genomics Node (INB-ELIXIR-es), Sevilla, Spain
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23
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Sandhu B, Perez-Matos MC, Tran S, Singhal G, Syed I, Feldbrügge L, Mitsuhashi S, Pelletier J, Huang J, Yalcin Y, Csizmadia E, Tiwari-Heckler S, Enjyoji K, Sévigny J, Maratos-Flier E, Robson SC, Jiang ZG. Global deletion of NTPDase3 protects against diet-induced obesity by increasing basal energy metabolism. Metabolism 2021; 118:154731. [PMID: 33631144 PMCID: PMC8052311 DOI: 10.1016/j.metabol.2021.154731] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2020] [Revised: 02/02/2021] [Accepted: 02/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Ecto-nucleoside triphosphate diphosphohydrolase 3 (NTPDase3), also known as CD39L3, is the dominant ectonucleotidase expressed by beta cells in the islet of Langerhans and on nerves. NTPDase3 catalyzes the conversion of extracellular ATP and ADP to AMP and modulates purinergic signaling. Previous studies have shown that NTPDase3 decreases insulin release from beta-cells in vitro. This study aims to determine the impact of NTPDase3 in diet-induced obesity (DIO) and metabolism in vivo. METHODS We developed global NTPDase3 deficient (Entpd3-/-) and islet beta-cell-specific NTPDase-3 deficient mice (Entpd3flox/flox,InsCre) using Ins1-Cre targeted gene editing to compare metabolic phenotypes with wildtype (WT) mice on a high-fat diet (HFD). RESULTS Entpd3-/- mice exhibited similar growth rates compared to WT on chow diet. When fed HFD, Entpd3-/- mice demonstrated significant resistance to DIO. Entpd3-/- mice consumed more calories daily and exhibited less fecal calorie loss. Although Entpd3-/- mice had no increases in locomotor activity, the mice exhibited a significant increase in basal metabolic rate when on the HFD. This beneficial phenotype was associated with improved glucose tolerance, but not higher insulin secretion. In fact, Entpd3flox/flox,InsCre mice demonstrated similar metabolic phenotypes and insulin secretion compared to matched controls, suggesting that the expression of NTPDase3 in beta-cells was not the primary protective factor. Instead, we observed a higher expression of uncoupling protein 1 (UCP-1) in brown adipose tissue and an augmented browning in inguinal white adipose tissue with upregulation of UCP-1 and related genes involved in thermogenesis in Entpd3-/- mice. CONCLUSIONS Global NTPDase3 deletion in mice is associated with resistance to DIO and obesity-associated glucose intolerance. This outcome is not driven by the expression of NTPDase3 in pancreatic beta-cells, but rather likely mediated through metabolic changes in adipocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bynvant Sandhu
- Division of Gastroenterology & Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Maria C Perez-Matos
- Division of Gastroenterology & Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Stephanie Tran
- Division of Gastroenterology & Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Garima Singhal
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Ismail Syed
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Linda Feldbrügge
- Department of Surgery, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
| | - Shuji Mitsuhashi
- Division of Gastroenterology & Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Julie Pelletier
- Centre de recherche du CHU de Québec - Université Laval, Québec City, QC G1V 4G2, Canada
| | - Jinhe Huang
- Division of Gastroenterology & Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Yusuf Yalcin
- Division of Gastroenterology & Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Eva Csizmadia
- Division of Gastroenterology & Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Shilpa Tiwari-Heckler
- Division of Gastroenterology & Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Keiichi Enjyoji
- Division of Hemostasis and Thrombosis, Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Jean Sévigny
- Centre de recherche du CHU de Québec - Université Laval, Québec City, QC G1V 4G2, Canada; Département de microbiologie-infectiologie et d'immunologie, Faculté de Médecine, Université Laval, Québec City, QC G1V 0A6, Canada
| | - Eleftheria Maratos-Flier
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Simon C Robson
- Division of Gastroenterology & Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Anesthesiology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
| | - Z Gordon Jiang
- Division of Gastroenterology & Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
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GHS-R in brown fat potentiates differential thermogenic responses under metabolic and thermal stresses. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0249420. [PMID: 33793646 PMCID: PMC8016305 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0249420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2020] [Accepted: 03/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
In response to cold or diet, fatty acids are dissipated into heat through uncoupling protein 1 (UCP1) in brown adipose tissue (BAT). This process is termed non-shivering thermogenesis, which is important for body temperature maintenance and contributes to obesity pathogenesis. Thermogenic enhancement has been considered a promising anti-obesity strategy. Ghrelin and its receptor Growth Hormone Secretagogue Receptor (GHS-R) have critical roles in energy intake, nutrient sensing, and lipid metabolism. We previously reported that global Ghsr-knockout mice have increased energy expenditure due to enhanced thermogenesis. To determine the site of action for GHS-R mediated thermogenesis, we generated brown adipocyte-specific Ghsr knockout mice (UCP1-CreER/Ghsrf/f) and assessed thermogenic responses under regular diet (RD) fed homeostatic metabolic state or high-fat diet (HFD) fed metabolically-impaired obese state, under normal or cold housing environment. Under a RD-feeding, UCP1-CreER/Ghsrf/f mice showed increased body fat and a slightly elevated core body temperature under cold but not under normal temperature. Consistently, the expression of thermogenic genes in BAT of RD-fed UCP1-CreER/Ghsrf/f mice was increased in reposes to cold. Under HFD feeding, HFD-fed UCP1-CreER/Ghsrf/f mice showed no difference in body fat or body temperature under either normal or cold exposure. Interestingly, the expression of thermogenic genes in BAT of HFD-fed UCP1-CreER/Ghsrf/f mice was upregulated under normal temperature but downregulated under cold exposure. Overall, our data show that GHS-R has cell-autonomous effect in brown adipocytes, and GHS-R regulates BAT thermogenic activity in a temperature- and metabolic state-dependent manner. The thermogenic effect of GHS-R in BAT is more pronounced in cold environment and differentially variable based on metabolic state; under cold exposure, GHS-R inhibition in BAT activates thermogenesis under homeostatic state but suppresses thermogenesis under obese state. Our finding collectively suggests that GHS-R in BAT, acting as a "metabolic thermostat", differentially regulates thermogenesis in response to different metabolic and thermal stimuli.
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25
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Gawlik-Kotelnicka O, Strzelecki D. Adiposity in Depression or Depression in Adiposity? The Role of Immune-Inflammatory-Microbial Overlap. Life (Basel) 2021; 11:life11020117. [PMID: 33557031 PMCID: PMC7913759 DOI: 10.3390/life11020117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2020] [Revised: 01/19/2021] [Accepted: 02/01/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Some of the most common and debilitating conditions are metabolic disorders (metabolic syndrome and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease) and depression. These conditions are also exacerbated by the fact that they often co-occur. Although the exact mechanisms underlying such relationships are poorly known, antipsychotic medication and antidepressant use, diet and physical activity, and lifestyle factors are believed to play a role; however, their high co-occurrence rate suggests a possible pathophysiological overlap. This paper reviews several possible bases for this overlap, including hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis dysregulation, immune alterations with chronic inflammation, and oxidative stress. While it is entirely possible that changes in the microbiota may play a role in each of them, interventions based on the implementation of dietary and other lifestyle changes, supplementation with prebiotics or probiotics and faecal microbiota transplantation have failed to achieve conclusive results. A better characterization of the above associations may allow a more targeted approach to the treatment of both depressive and metabolic disorders. The paper also presents several practical applications for future studies.
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26
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Rian K, Esteban-Medina M, Hidalgo MR, Çubuk C, Falco MM, Loucera C, Gunyel D, Ostaszewski M, Peña-Chilet M, Dopazo J. Mechanistic modeling of the SARS-CoV-2 disease map. BioData Min 2021; 14:5. [PMID: 33478554 PMCID: PMC7817765 DOI: 10.1186/s13040-021-00234-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2020] [Accepted: 01/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Here we present a web interface that implements a comprehensive mechanistic model of the SARS-CoV-2 disease map. In this framework, the detailed activity of the human signaling circuits related to the viral infection, covering from the entry and replication mechanisms to the downstream consequences as inflammation and antigenic response, can be inferred from gene expression experiments. Moreover, the effect of potential interventions, such as knock-downs, or drug effects (currently the system models the effect of more than 8000 DrugBank drugs) can be studied. This freely available tool not only provides an unprecedentedly detailed view of the mechanisms of viral invasion and the consequences in the cell but has also the potential of becoming an invaluable asset in the search for efficient antiviral treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kinza Rian
- Bioinformatics Area, Fundación Progreso y Salud (FPS), Hospital Virgen del Rocío, Sevilla, Spain
| | - Marina Esteban-Medina
- Bioinformatics Area, Fundación Progreso y Salud (FPS), Hospital Virgen del Rocío, Sevilla, Spain
- Computational Systems Medicine, Institute of Biomedicine of Seville (IBIS), Hospital Virgen del Rocio, 41013, Sevilla, Spain
| | - Marta R Hidalgo
- Bioinformatics and Biostatistics Unit, Centro de Investigación Príncipe Felipe (CIPF), 46012, Valencia, Spain
| | - Cankut Çubuk
- Bioinformatics Area, Fundación Progreso y Salud (FPS), Hospital Virgen del Rocío, Sevilla, Spain
| | - Matias M Falco
- Bioinformatics Area, Fundación Progreso y Salud (FPS), Hospital Virgen del Rocío, Sevilla, Spain
- Bioinformatics in RareDiseases (BiER), Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), Sevilla, Spain
| | - Carlos Loucera
- Bioinformatics Area, Fundación Progreso y Salud (FPS), Hospital Virgen del Rocío, Sevilla, Spain
- Computational Systems Medicine, Institute of Biomedicine of Seville (IBIS), Hospital Virgen del Rocio, 41013, Sevilla, Spain
| | - Devrim Gunyel
- Luxembourg Centre for Systems Biomedicine, University of Luxembourg, L-4367, Belvaux, Luxembourg
| | - Marek Ostaszewski
- Luxembourg Centre for Systems Biomedicine, University of Luxembourg, L-4367, Belvaux, Luxembourg
| | - María Peña-Chilet
- Bioinformatics Area, Fundación Progreso y Salud (FPS), Hospital Virgen del Rocío, Sevilla, Spain.
- Computational Systems Medicine, Institute of Biomedicine of Seville (IBIS), Hospital Virgen del Rocio, 41013, Sevilla, Spain.
- Bioinformatics in RareDiseases (BiER), Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), Sevilla, Spain.
| | - Joaquín Dopazo
- Bioinformatics Area, Fundación Progreso y Salud (FPS), Hospital Virgen del Rocío, Sevilla, Spain.
- Computational Systems Medicine, Institute of Biomedicine of Seville (IBIS), Hospital Virgen del Rocio, 41013, Sevilla, Spain.
- Bioinformatics in RareDiseases (BiER), Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), Sevilla, Spain.
- Functional Genomics Node (INB-ELIXIR-es), Sevilla, Spain.
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27
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Jain S, Jacobson KA. Purinergic signaling in diabetes and metabolism. Biochem Pharmacol 2020; 187:114393. [PMID: 33359363 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2020.114393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2020] [Revised: 12/21/2020] [Accepted: 12/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Purinergic signaling, a concept originally formulated by the late Geoffrey Burnstock (1929-2020), was found to modulate pathways in every physiological system. In metabolic disorders there is a role for both adenosine receptors and P2 (nucleotide) receptors, of which there are two classes, i.e. P2Y metabotropic and P2X ionotropic receptors. The individual roles of the 19 receptors encompassed by this family have been dissected - and in many cases the effects associated with specific cell types, including adipocytes, skeletal muscle, liver cells and immune cells. It is suggested that ligands selective for each of the four adenosine receptors (A1, A2A, A2B and A3), and several of the P2 subtypes (e.g. P2Y6 or P2X7 antagonists) might have therapeutic potential for treating diabetes and obesity. This is a developing story with some conflicting conclusions relevant to drug discovery, which we summarize here.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shanu Jain
- Molecular Recognition Section, Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Kenneth A Jacobson
- Molecular Recognition Section, Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.
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28
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Thermogenic adipocytes: lineage, function and therapeutic potential. Biochem J 2020; 477:2071-2093. [PMID: 32539124 PMCID: PMC7293110 DOI: 10.1042/bcj20200298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2020] [Revised: 05/13/2020] [Accepted: 05/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Metabolic inflexibility, defined as the inability to respond or adapt to metabolic demand, is now recognised as a driving factor behind many pathologies associated with obesity and the metabolic syndrome. Adipose tissue plays a pivotal role in the ability of an organism to sense, adapt to and counteract environmental changes. It provides a buffer in times of nutrient excess, a fuel reserve during starvation and the ability to resist cold-stress through non-shivering thermogenesis. Recent advances in single-cell RNA sequencing combined with lineage tracing, transcriptomic and proteomic analyses have identified novel adipocyte progenitors that give rise to specialised adipocytes with diverse functions, some of which have the potential to be exploited therapeutically. This review will highlight the common and distinct functions of well-known adipocyte populations with respect to their lineage and plasticity, as well as introducing the most recent members of the adipocyte family and their roles in whole organism energy homeostasis. Finally, this article will outline some of the more preliminary findings from large data sets generated by single-cell transcriptomics of mouse and human adipose tissue and their implications for the field, both for discovery and for therapy.
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Abstract
Adipose, or fat, tissue (AT) was once considered an inert tissue that primarily existed to store lipids, and was not historically recognized as an important organ in the regulation and maintenance of health. With the rise of obesity and more rigorous research, AT is now recognized as a highly complex metabolic organ involved in a host of important physiological functions, including glucose homeostasis and a multitude of endocrine capabilities. AT dysfunction has been implicated in several disease states, most notably obesity, metabolic syndrome and type 2 diabetes. The study of AT has provided useful insight in developing strategies to combat these highly prevalent metabolic diseases. This review highlights the major functions of adipose tissue and the consequences that can occur when disruption of these functions leads to systemic metabolic dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Innocence Harvey
- Adipocyte Biology Laboratory, Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Baton Rouge, LA 70808, USA
| | - Anik Boudreau
- Adipocyte Biology Laboratory, Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Baton Rouge, LA 70808, USA
| | - Jacqueline M Stephens
- Adipocyte Biology Laboratory, Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Baton Rouge, LA 70808, USA.,Department of Biological Sciences, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, USA
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30
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The P2X7 ion channel is dispensable for energy and metabolic homeostasis of white and brown adipose tissues. Purinergic Signal 2020; 16:529-542. [PMID: 33025427 PMCID: PMC7855144 DOI: 10.1007/s11302-020-09738-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2020] [Accepted: 09/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Several studies suggest a role of extracellular adenine nucleotides in regulating adipose tissue functions via the purinergic signaling network. Metabolic studies in mice with global deletion of the purinergic receptor P2X7 on the C57BL/6 background indicate that this receptor has only a minor role in adipose tissue for diet-induced inflammation or cold-triggered thermogenesis. However, recent data show that a polymorphism (P451L) present in C57BL/6 mice attenuates P2X7 receptor function, whereas BALB/c mice express the fully functional P451 allele. To determine the potential role of P2rx7 under metabolic and thermogenic stress conditions, we performed comparative studies using male P2rx7 knockout (KO) and respective wild-type controls on both BALB/c and C57BL/6 backgrounds. Our data show that adipose P2rx7 mRNA levels are increased in obese mice. Moreover, P2rx7 deficiency results in reduced levels of circulating CCL2 and IL6 with a moderate effect on gene expression of pro-inflammatory markers in white adipose tissue and liver of BALB/c and C57BL/6 mice. However, P2X7 expression does not alter body weight, insulin resistance, and hyperglycemia associated with high-fat diet feeding on both genetic backgrounds. Furthermore, deficiency of P2rx7 is dispensable for energy expenditure at thermoneutral and acute cold exposure conditions. In summary, these data show that-apart from a moderate effect on inflammatory cytokines-P2X7 plays only a minor role in inflammatory and thermogenic effects of white and brown adipose tissue even on the BALB/c background.
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31
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Ruan HB. Developmental and functional heterogeneity of thermogenic adipose tissue. J Mol Cell Biol 2020; 12:775-784. [PMID: 32569352 PMCID: PMC7816678 DOI: 10.1093/jmcb/mjaa029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2020] [Revised: 05/11/2020] [Accepted: 06/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The obesity epidemic continues to rise as a global health challenge. Thermogenic brown and beige adipocytes dissipate chemical energy as heat, providing an opportunity for developing new therapeutics for obesity and related metabolic diseases. Anatomically, brown adipose tissue is distributed as discrete depots, while beige adipocytes exist within certain depots of white adipose tissue. Developmentally, brown and beige adipocytes arise from multiple embryonic progenitor populations that are distinct and overlapping. Functionally, they respond to a plethora of stimuli to engage uncoupling protein 1-dependent and independent thermogenic programs, thus improving systemic glucose homeostasis, lipid metabolism, and the clearance of branched-chain amino acids. In this review, we highlight recent advances in our understanding of the molecular and cellular mechanisms that contribute to the developmental and functional heterogeneity of thermogenic adipose tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hai-Bin Ruan
- Department of Integrative Biology and Physiology, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
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32
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de Oliveira M, Mathias LS, de Sibio MT, Noronha-Matos JB, Costa MA, Nogueira CR, Correia-de-Sá P. Pitfalls and challenges of the purinergic signaling cascade in obesity. Biochem Pharmacol 2020; 182:114214. [PMID: 32905795 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2020.114214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2020] [Revised: 08/31/2020] [Accepted: 09/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Obesity is a worldwide health problem which have reached pandemic proportions, now also including low and middle-income countries. Excessive or abnormal fat deposition in the abdomen especially in the visceral compartment is tightly associated with a high metabolic risk for arterial hypertension, type II diabetes, cardiovascular diseases, musculoskeletal disorders (especially articular degeneration) and some cancers. Contrariwise, accumulation of fat in the subcutaneous compartment has been associated with a neutral metabolic impact, favoring a lower risk of insulin resistance. Obesity results more often from an avoidable imbalance between food consumption and energy expenditure. There are several recommended strategies for dealing with obesity, including pharmacological therapies, but their success remains incomplete and may not compensate the associated adverse effects. Purinergic signaling operated by ATP and its metabolite, adenosine, has attracted increasing attention in obesity. The extracellular levels of purines often reflect the energy status of a given cell population. Adenine nucleotides and nucleosides fine tuning control adipogenesis and mature adipocytes function via the activation of P2 and P1 purinoceptors, respectively. These features make the purinergic signaling cascade a putative target for therapeutic intervention in obesity and related metabolic syndromes. There are, however, gaps in our knowledge regarding the role of purines in adipocyte precursors differentiation and mature adipocytes functions, as well as their impact among distinct adipose tissue deposits (e.g. white vs. brown, visceral vs. subcutaneous), which warrants further investigations before translation to clinical trials can be made.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miriane de Oliveira
- São Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu Medical School, District of Rubião Jr, s/n, 18618-000, Botucatu, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Lucas Solla Mathias
- São Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu Medical School, District of Rubião Jr, s/n, 18618-000, Botucatu, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Maria Teresa de Sibio
- São Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu Medical School, District of Rubião Jr, s/n, 18618-000, Botucatu, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - José Bernardo Noronha-Matos
- Laboratório de Farmacologia e Neurobiologia, Departamento de Imuno-Fisiologia e Farmacologia, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas Abel Salazar - Universidade do Porto (ICBAS-UP); Center for Drug Discovery and Innovative Medicines (MedInUP), Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas Abel Salazar - Universidade do Porto (ICBAS-UP)
| | - Maria Adelina Costa
- Laboratório de Farmacologia e Neurobiologia, Departamento de Imuno-Fisiologia e Farmacologia, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas Abel Salazar - Universidade do Porto (ICBAS-UP); Center for Drug Discovery and Innovative Medicines (MedInUP), Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas Abel Salazar - Universidade do Porto (ICBAS-UP); Departamento de Química, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas Abel Salazar - Universidade do Porto (ICBAS-UP)
| | - Célia Regina Nogueira
- São Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu Medical School, District of Rubião Jr, s/n, 18618-000, Botucatu, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Paulo Correia-de-Sá
- Laboratório de Farmacologia e Neurobiologia, Departamento de Imuno-Fisiologia e Farmacologia, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas Abel Salazar - Universidade do Porto (ICBAS-UP); Center for Drug Discovery and Innovative Medicines (MedInUP), Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas Abel Salazar - Universidade do Porto (ICBAS-UP).
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33
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Tai YK, Ng C, Purnamawati K, Yap JLY, Yin JN, Wong C, Patel BK, Soong PL, Pelczar P, Fröhlich J, Beyer C, Fong CHH, Ramanan S, Casarosa M, Cerrato CP, Foo ZL, Pannir Selvan RM, Grishina E, Degirmenci U, Toh SJ, Richards PJ, Mirsaidi A, Wuertz‐Kozak K, Chong SY, Ferguson SJ, Aguzzi A, Monici M, Sun L, Drum CL, Wang J, Franco‐Obregón A. Magnetic fields modulate metabolism and gut microbiome in correlation with
Pgc‐1α
expression: Follow‐up to an in vitro magnetic mitohormetic study. FASEB J 2020; 34:11143-11167. [DOI: 10.1096/fj.201903005rr] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2019] [Revised: 06/07/2020] [Accepted: 06/15/2020] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Yee Kit Tai
- Department of Surgery Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore Singapore Singapore
- Biolonic Currents Electromagnetic Pulsing Systems Laboratory BICEPS, National University of Singapore Singapore Singapore
| | - Charmaine Ng
- Department of Surgery Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore Singapore Singapore
| | - Kristy Purnamawati
- Department of Surgery Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore Singapore Singapore
- Biolonic Currents Electromagnetic Pulsing Systems Laboratory BICEPS, National University of Singapore Singapore Singapore
| | - Jasmine Lye Yee Yap
- Department of Surgery Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore Singapore Singapore
- Biolonic Currents Electromagnetic Pulsing Systems Laboratory BICEPS, National University of Singapore Singapore Singapore
| | - Jocelyn Naixin Yin
- Department of Surgery Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore Singapore Singapore
- Biolonic Currents Electromagnetic Pulsing Systems Laboratory BICEPS, National University of Singapore Singapore Singapore
| | - Craig Wong
- Department of Surgery Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore Singapore Singapore
- Biolonic Currents Electromagnetic Pulsing Systems Laboratory BICEPS, National University of Singapore Singapore Singapore
| | - Bharati Kadamb Patel
- Department of Surgery Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore Singapore Singapore
| | - Poh Loong Soong
- Department of Surgery Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore Singapore Singapore
- Biolonic Currents Electromagnetic Pulsing Systems Laboratory BICEPS, National University of Singapore Singapore Singapore
| | - Pawel Pelczar
- Centre for Transgenic Models University of Basel Basel Switzerland
- Institute of Laboratory Animal Science University of Zürich Zürich Switzerland
| | | | - Christian Beyer
- Centre Suisse d'électronique et de microtechnique, CSEM SA Neuchatel Switzerland
| | - Charlene Hui Hua Fong
- Department of Surgery Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore Singapore Singapore
- Biolonic Currents Electromagnetic Pulsing Systems Laboratory BICEPS, National University of Singapore Singapore Singapore
| | - Sharanya Ramanan
- Department of Surgery Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore Singapore Singapore
- Biolonic Currents Electromagnetic Pulsing Systems Laboratory BICEPS, National University of Singapore Singapore Singapore
| | - Marco Casarosa
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Biomedical Sciences “Mario Serio” University of Florence Florence Italy
- Institute for Biomechanics ETH Zürich Zürich Switzerland
| | | | - Zi Ling Foo
- Department of Surgery Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore Singapore Singapore
- Biolonic Currents Electromagnetic Pulsing Systems Laboratory BICEPS, National University of Singapore Singapore Singapore
| | - Rina Malathi Pannir Selvan
- Department of Surgery Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore Singapore Singapore
- Biolonic Currents Electromagnetic Pulsing Systems Laboratory BICEPS, National University of Singapore Singapore Singapore
| | - Elina Grishina
- Department of Surgery Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore Singapore Singapore
- Biolonic Currents Electromagnetic Pulsing Systems Laboratory BICEPS, National University of Singapore Singapore Singapore
| | - Ufuk Degirmenci
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, A*STAR Singapore Singapore
| | - Shi Jie Toh
- Department of Surgery Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore Singapore Singapore
- Biolonic Currents Electromagnetic Pulsing Systems Laboratory BICEPS, National University of Singapore Singapore Singapore
| | - Pete J. Richards
- Competence Center for Applied Biotechnology and Molecular Medicine University of Zürich Zürich Switzerland
| | - Ali Mirsaidi
- Competence Center for Applied Biotechnology and Molecular Medicine University of Zürich Zürich Switzerland
| | - Karin Wuertz‐Kozak
- Competence Center for Applied Biotechnology and Molecular Medicine University of Zürich Zürich Switzerland
- Department of Biomedical Engineering Rochester Institute of Technology (RIT) Rochester NY USA
- Cardiovascular Research Institute (CVRI), National University Heart Centre Singapore (NUHCS) Singapore Singapore
| | - Suet Yen Chong
- Department of Surgery Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore Singapore Singapore
- Cardiovascular Research Institute (CVRI), National University Heart Centre Singapore (NUHCS) Singapore Singapore
| | - Stephen J. Ferguson
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, A*STAR Singapore Singapore
- Competence Center for Applied Biotechnology and Molecular Medicine University of Zürich Zürich Switzerland
| | - Adriano Aguzzi
- Institut für Neuropathologie Universitätsspital Zürich Zürich Switzerland
| | - Monica Monici
- ASAcampus JL, ASA Res. Div. ‐ Dept. of Experimental and Clinical Biomedical Sciences “Mario Serio” University of Florence Florence Italy
| | - Lei Sun
- DUKE‐NUS Graduate Medical School Singapore Singapore Singapore
| | - Chester L. Drum
- Department of Surgery Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore Singapore Singapore
- Cardiovascular Research Institute (CVRI), National University Heart Centre Singapore (NUHCS) Singapore Singapore
| | - Jiong‐Wei Wang
- Department of Surgery Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore Singapore Singapore
- Cardiovascular Research Institute (CVRI), National University Heart Centre Singapore (NUHCS) Singapore Singapore
- Department of Physiology Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore Singapore Singapore
| | - Alfredo Franco‐Obregón
- Department of Surgery Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore Singapore Singapore
- Biolonic Currents Electromagnetic Pulsing Systems Laboratory BICEPS, National University of Singapore Singapore Singapore
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, A*STAR Singapore Singapore
- Department of Physiology Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore Singapore Singapore
- Institute for Health Innovation & Technology, iHealthtech National University of Singapore Singapore Singapore
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34
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Çubuk C, Can FE, Peña-Chilet M, Dopazo J. Mechanistic Models of Signaling Pathways Reveal the Drug Action Mechanisms behind Gender-Specific Gene Expression for Cancer Treatments. Cells 2020; 9:E1579. [PMID: 32610626 PMCID: PMC7408716 DOI: 10.3390/cells9071579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2020] [Revised: 06/22/2020] [Accepted: 06/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite the existence of differences in gene expression across numerous genes between males and females having been known for a long time, these have been mostly ignored in many studies, including drug development and its therapeutic use. In fact, the consequences of such differences over the disease mechanisms or the drug action mechanisms are completely unknown. Here we applied mechanistic mathematical models of signaling activity to reveal the ultimate functional consequences that gender-specific gene expression activities have over cell functionality and fate. Moreover, we also used the mechanistic modeling framework to simulate the drug interventions and unravel how drug action mechanisms are affected by gender-specific differential gene expression. Interestingly, some cancers have many biological processes significantly affected by these gender-specific differences (e.g., bladder or head and neck carcinomas), while others (e.g., glioblastoma or rectum cancer) are almost insensitive to them. We found that many of these gender-specific differences affect cancer-specific pathways or in physiological signaling pathways, also involved in cancer origin and development. Finally, mechanistic models have the potential to be used for finding alternative therapeutic interventions on the pathways targeted by the drug, which lead to similar results compensating the downstream consequences of gender-specific differences in gene expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cankut Çubuk
- Clinical Bioinformatics Area, Fundación Progreso y Salud (FPS), CDCA, Hospital Virgen del Rocio, 41013 Sevilla, Spain; (C.Ç.); (F.E.C.); (M.P.-C.)
- Division of Genetics and Epidemiology, Institute of Cancer Research, London SW7 3RP, UK
- William Harvey Research Institute, Queen Mary University, London EC1M 6BQ, UK
| | - Fatma E. Can
- Clinical Bioinformatics Area, Fundación Progreso y Salud (FPS), CDCA, Hospital Virgen del Rocio, 41013 Sevilla, Spain; (C.Ç.); (F.E.C.); (M.P.-C.)
- Department of Biostatistics, Faculty of Medicine, Izmir Katip Celebi University, 35620 Balatçık, Turkey
| | - María Peña-Chilet
- Clinical Bioinformatics Area, Fundación Progreso y Salud (FPS), CDCA, Hospital Virgen del Rocio, 41013 Sevilla, Spain; (C.Ç.); (F.E.C.); (M.P.-C.)
- Bioinformatics in Rare Diseases (BiER), Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), FPS, Hospital Virgen del Rocio, 41013 Sevilla, Spain
- Computational Systems Medicine, Institute of Biomedicine of Seville (IBIS), 41013 Sevilla, Spain
| | - Joaquín Dopazo
- Clinical Bioinformatics Area, Fundación Progreso y Salud (FPS), CDCA, Hospital Virgen del Rocio, 41013 Sevilla, Spain; (C.Ç.); (F.E.C.); (M.P.-C.)
- Bioinformatics in Rare Diseases (BiER), Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), FPS, Hospital Virgen del Rocio, 41013 Sevilla, Spain
- Computational Systems Medicine, Institute of Biomedicine of Seville (IBIS), 41013 Sevilla, Spain
- FPS-ELIXIR-ES, Hospital Virgen del Rocío, 41013 Sevilla, Spain
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Falco MM, Peña-Chilet M, Loucera C, Hidalgo MR, Dopazo J. Mechanistic models of signaling pathways deconvolute the glioblastoma single-cell functional landscape. NAR Cancer 2020; 2:zcaa011. [PMID: 34316686 PMCID: PMC8210212 DOI: 10.1093/narcan/zcaa011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2020] [Revised: 06/08/2020] [Accepted: 06/11/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Single-cell RNA sequencing is revealing an unexpectedly large degree of heterogeneity in gene expression levels across cell populations. However, little is known on the functional consequences of this heterogeneity and the contribution of individual cell fate decisions to the collective behavior of the tissues these cells are part of. Here, we use mechanistic modeling of signaling circuits, which reveals a complex functional landscape at single-cell level. Different clusters of neoplastic glioblastoma cells have been defined according to their differences in signaling circuit activity profiles triggering specific cancer hallmarks, which suggest different functional strategies with distinct degrees of aggressiveness. Moreover, mechanistic modeling of effects of targeted drug inhibitions at single-cell level revealed, how in some cells, the substitution of VEGFA, the target of bevacizumab, by other expressed proteins, like PDGFD, KITLG and FGF2, keeps the VEGF pathway active, insensitive to the VEGFA inhibition by the drug. Here, we describe for the first time mechanisms that individual cells use to avoid the effect of a targeted therapy, providing an explanation for the innate resistance to the treatment displayed by some cells. Our results suggest that mechanistic modeling could become an important asset for the definition of personalized therapeutic interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matías M Falco
- Clinical Bioinformatics Area, Fundación Progreso y Salud (FPS), Hospital Virgen del Rocío, 41013 Sevilla, Spain
| | - María Peña-Chilet
- Clinical Bioinformatics Area, Fundación Progreso y Salud (FPS), Hospital Virgen del Rocío, 41013 Sevilla, Spain
| | - Carlos Loucera
- Clinical Bioinformatics Area, Fundación Progreso y Salud (FPS), Hospital Virgen del Rocío, 41013 Sevilla, Spain
| | - Marta R Hidalgo
- Unidad de Bioinformática y Bioestadística, Centro de Investigación Príncipe Felipe (CIPF), 46012 Valencia, Spain
| | - Joaquín Dopazo
- Clinical Bioinformatics Area, Fundación Progreso y Salud (FPS), Hospital Virgen del Rocío, 41013 Sevilla, Spain
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Razzoli M, Lindsay A, Law ML, Chamberlain CM, Southern WM, Berg M, Osborn J, Engeland WC, Metzger JM, Ervasti JM, Bartolomucci A. Social stress is lethal in the mdx model of Duchenne muscular dystrophy. EBioMedicine 2020; 55:102700. [PMID: 32192914 PMCID: PMC7251247 DOI: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2020.102700] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2019] [Revised: 02/10/2020] [Accepted: 02/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) is caused by the loss of dystrophin. Severe and ultimately lethal, DMD progresses relatively slowly in that patients become wheelchair bound only around age twelve with a survival expectancy reaching the third decade of life. Methods The mildly-affected mdx mouse model of DMD, and transgenic DysΔMTB-mdx and Fiona-mdx mice expressing dystrophin or utrophin, respectively, were exposed to either mild (scruffing) or severe (subordination stress) stress paradigms and profiled for their behavioral and physiological responses. A subgroup of mdx mice exposed to subordination stress were pretreated with the beta-blocker metoprolol. Findings Subordination stress caused lethality in ∼30% of mdx mice within 24 h and ∼70% lethality within 48 h, which was not rescued by metoprolol. Lethality was associated with heart damage, waddling gait and hypo-locomotion, as well as marked up-regulation of the hypothalamus-pituitary-adrenocortical axis. A novel cardiovascular phenotype emerged in mdx mice, in that scruffing caused a transient drop in arterial pressure, while subordination stress caused severe and sustained hypotension with concurrent tachycardia. Transgenic expression of dystrophin or utrophin in skeletal muscle protected mdx mice from scruffing and social stress-induced responses including mortality. Interpretation We have identified a robust new stress phenotype in the otherwise mildly affected mdx mouse that suggests relatively benign handling may impact the outcome of behavioural experiments, but which should also expedite the knowledge-based therapy development for DMD. Funding Greg Marzolf Jr. Foundation, Summer's Wish Fund, NIAMS, Muscular Dystrophy Association, University of Minnesota and John and Cheri Gunvalson Trust.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Razzoli
- Department of Integrative Biology and Physiology, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, MN, United States
| | - Angus Lindsay
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology, and Biophysics, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, MN, United States
| | - Michelle L Law
- Department of Integrative Biology and Physiology, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, MN, United States
| | - Christopher M Chamberlain
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology, and Biophysics, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, MN, United States
| | - William M Southern
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology, and Biophysics, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, MN, United States
| | - Madeleine Berg
- Department of Integrative Biology and Physiology, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, MN, United States
| | - John Osborn
- Department of Integrative Biology and Physiology, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, MN, United States
| | - William C Engeland
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, MN, United States
| | - Joseph M Metzger
- Department of Integrative Biology and Physiology, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, MN, United States
| | - James M Ervasti
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology, and Biophysics, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, MN, United States.
| | - Alessandro Bartolomucci
- Department of Integrative Biology and Physiology, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, MN, United States.
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Lyons C, Razzoli M, Larson E, Svedberg D, Frontini A, Cinti S, Vulchanova L, Sanders M, Thomas M, Bartolomucci A. Optogenetic-induced sympathetic neuromodulation of brown adipose tissue thermogenesis. FASEB J 2020; 34:2765-2773. [PMID: 31908033 PMCID: PMC7306786 DOI: 10.1096/fj.201901361rr] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2019] [Revised: 12/09/2019] [Accepted: 12/09/2019] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
The brown adipose tissue (BAT) is a thermogenic organ that plays a major role in energy balance, obesity, and diabetes due to the potent glucose and lipid clearance that fuels its thermogenesis, which is largely mediated via sympathetic nervous system activation. However, thus far there has been little experimental validation of the hypothesis that selective neuromodulation of the sympathetic nerves innervating the BAT is sufficient to elicit thermogenesis in mice. We generated mice expressing blue light-activated channelrhodopsin-2 (ChR2) in the sympathetic nerves innervating the BAT using two different strategies: injecting the BAT of C57Bl/6J mice with AAV6-hSyn-ChR2 (H134R)-EYFP; crossbreeding tyrosine hydroxylase-Cre mice with floxed-stop ChR2-EYFP mice. The nerves in the BAT expressing ChR2 were selectively stimulated with a blue LED light positioned underneath the fat pad of anesthetized mice, while the BAT and core temperatures were simultaneously recorded. Using immunohistochemistry we confirmed the selective expression of EYFP in TH positive nerves fibers. In addition, local optogenetic stimulation of the sympathetic nerves induced significant increase in the BAT temperature followed by an increase in core temperature in mice expressing ChR2, but not in the respective controls. The BAT activation was also paralleled by increased levels of pre-UCP1 transcript. Our results demonstrate that local optogenetic stimulation of the sympathetic nerves is sufficient to elicit BAT and core thermogenesis, thus suggesting that peripheral neuromodulation has the potential to be exploited as an alternative to pharmacotherapies to elicit organ activation and thus ameliorate type 2 diabetes and/or obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carey Lyons
- Department of Integrative Biology and Physiology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, 55455
- Graduate Program in Neuroscience, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, 55455
| | - Maria Razzoli
- Department of Integrative Biology and Physiology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, 55455
| | - Erin Larson
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, 55455
| | - Daniel Svedberg
- Department of Integrative Biology and Physiology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, 55455
| | - Andrea Frontini
- Department of Public Health, Experimental and Forensic Medicine, University of Pavia, 27100, Pavia, Italy
| | - Saverio Cinti
- Università Politecnica delle Marche, 60020 Ancona, Italy
| | - Lucy Vulchanova
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, 55455
| | - Mark Sanders
- University Imaging Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, 55455
| | - Mark Thomas
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, 55455
| | - Alessandro Bartolomucci
- Department of Integrative Biology and Physiology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, 55455
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Tozzi M, Hansen JB, Novak I. Pannexin-1 mediated ATP release in adipocytes is sensitive to glucose and insulin and modulates lipolysis and macrophage migration. Acta Physiol (Oxf) 2020; 228:e13360. [PMID: 31400255 DOI: 10.1111/apha.13360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2019] [Revised: 07/29/2019] [Accepted: 08/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
AIM Extracellular ATP signalling is involved in many physiological and pathophysiological processes in several tissues, including adipose tissue. Adipocytes have crucial functions in lipid and glucose metabolism and they express purinergic receptors. However, the sources of extracellular ATP in adipose tissue are not well characterized. In the present study, we investigated the mechanism and regulation of ATP release in white adipocytes, and evaluated the role of extracellular ATP as potential autocrine and paracrine signal. METHODS Online ATP release was monitored in C3H10T1/2 cells and freshly isolated murine adipocytes. The ATP release mechanism and its regulation were tested in cells exposed to adrenergic agonists, insulin, glucose load and pharmacological inhibitors. Cell metabolism was monitored using Seahorse respirometry and expression analysis of pannexin-1 was performed on pre- and mature adipocytes. The ATP signalling was evaluated in live cell imaging (Ca2+ , pore formation), glycerol release and its effect on macrophages was tested in co-culture and migration assays. RESULTS Here, we show that upon adrenergic stimulation white murine adipocytes release ATP through the pannexin-1 pore that is regulated by a cAMP-PKA-dependent pathway. The ATP release correlates with increased cell metabolism and is sensitive to glucose. Extracellular ATP induces Ca2+ signalling and lipolysis in adipocytes and promotes macrophage migration. Importantly, ATP release is markedly inhibited by insulin, which operates via the activation of phosphodiesterase 3. CONCLUSIONS Our findings reveal an insulin-pannexin-1-purinergic signalling crosstalk in adipose tissue and we propose that deregulation of this signalling may contribute to adipose tissue inflammation and type 2 diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Tozzi
- Section for Cell Biology and Physiology, Department of Biology University of Copenhagen Copenhagen Denmark
| | - Jacob B. Hansen
- Section for Cell Biology and Physiology, Department of Biology University of Copenhagen Copenhagen Denmark
| | - Ivana Novak
- Section for Cell Biology and Physiology, Department of Biology University of Copenhagen Copenhagen Denmark
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Peña-Chilet M, Esteban-Medina M, Falco MM, Rian K, Hidalgo MR, Loucera C, Dopazo J. Using mechanistic models for the clinical interpretation of complex genomic variation. Sci Rep 2019; 9:18937. [PMID: 31831811 PMCID: PMC6908734 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-55454-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2019] [Accepted: 11/28/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The sustained generation of genomic data in the last decade has increased the knowledge on the causal mutations of a large number of diseases, especially for highly penetrant Mendelian diseases, typically caused by a unique or a few genes. However, the discovery of causal genes in complex diseases has been far less successful. Many complex diseases are actually a consequence of the failure of complex biological modules, composed by interrelated proteins, which can happen in many different ways, which conferring a multigenic nature to the condition that can hardly be attributed to one or a few genes. We present a mechanistic model, Hipathia, implemented in a web server that allows estimating the effect that mutations, or changes in the expression of genes, have over the whole system of human signaling and the corresponding functional consequences. We show several use cases where we demonstrate how different the ultimate impact of mutations with similar loss-of-function potential can be and how the potential pathological role of a damaged gene can be inferred within the context of a signaling network. The use of systems biology-based approaches, such as mechanistic models, allows estimating the potential impact of loss-of-function mutations occurring in proteins that are part of complex biological interaction networks, such as signaling pathways. This holistic approach provides an elegant alternative to gene-centric approaches that can open new avenues in the interpretation of the genomic variability in complex diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- María Peña-Chilet
- Clinical Bioinformatics Area. Fundación Progreso y Salud (FPS). CDCA, Hospital Virgen del Rocío, 41013, Sevilla, Spain
- Bioinformatics in RareDiseases (BiER). Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), FPS, Hospital Virgen del Rocío, 41013, Sevilla, Spain
| | - Marina Esteban-Medina
- Clinical Bioinformatics Area. Fundación Progreso y Salud (FPS). CDCA, Hospital Virgen del Rocío, 41013, Sevilla, Spain
| | - Matias M Falco
- Clinical Bioinformatics Area. Fundación Progreso y Salud (FPS). CDCA, Hospital Virgen del Rocío, 41013, Sevilla, Spain
- Bioinformatics in RareDiseases (BiER). Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), FPS, Hospital Virgen del Rocío, 41013, Sevilla, Spain
| | - Kinza Rian
- Clinical Bioinformatics Area. Fundación Progreso y Salud (FPS). CDCA, Hospital Virgen del Rocío, 41013, Sevilla, Spain
| | - Marta R Hidalgo
- Bioinformatics and Biostatistics Unit, Centro de Investigación Príncipe Felipe (CIPF), 46012, Valencia, Spain
| | - Carlos Loucera
- Clinical Bioinformatics Area. Fundación Progreso y Salud (FPS). CDCA, Hospital Virgen del Rocío, 41013, Sevilla, Spain
| | - Joaquín Dopazo
- Clinical Bioinformatics Area. Fundación Progreso y Salud (FPS). CDCA, Hospital Virgen del Rocío, 41013, Sevilla, Spain.
- Bioinformatics in RareDiseases (BiER). Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), FPS, Hospital Virgen del Rocío, 41013, Sevilla, Spain.
- INB-ELIXIR-es, FPS, Hospital Virgen del Rocío, Sevilla, 42013, Spain.
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Iyer MS, Paszkiewicz RL, Bergman RN, Richey JM, Woolcott OO, Asare-Bediako I, Wu Q, Kim SP, Stefanovski D, Kolka CM, Clegg DJ, Kabir M. Activation of NPRs and UCP1-independent pathway following CB1R antagonist treatment is associated with adipose tissue beiging in fat-fed male dogs. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 2019; 317:E535-E547. [PMID: 31237449 PMCID: PMC6766608 DOI: 10.1152/ajpendo.00539.2018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2018] [Revised: 06/21/2019] [Accepted: 06/24/2019] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
CB1 receptor (CB1R) antagonism improves the deleterious effects of a high-fat diet (HFD) by reducing body fat mass and adipocyte cell size. Previous studies demonstrated that the beneficial effects of the CB1R antagonist rimonabant (RIM) in white adipose tissue (WAT) are partially due to an increase of mitochondria numbers and upregulation thermogenesis markers, suggesting an induction of WAT beiging. However, the molecular mechanism by which CB1R antagonism induces weight loss and WAT beiging is unclear. In this study, we probed for genes associated with beiging and explored longitudinal molecular mechanisms by which the beiging process occurs. HFD dogs received either RIM (HFD+RIM) or placebo (PL) (HFD+PL) for 16 wk. Several genes involved in beiging were increased in HFD+RIM compared with pre-fat, HFD, and HFD+PL. We evaluated lipolysis and its regulators including natriuretic peptide (NP) and its receptors (NPRs), β-1 and β-3 adrenergic receptor (β1R, β3R) genes. These genes were increased in WAT depots, accompanied by an increase in lipolysis in HFD+RIM. In addition, RIM decreased markers of inflammation and increased adiponectin receptors in WAT. We observed a small but significant increase in UCP1; therefore, we evaluated the newly discovered UCP1-independent thermogenesis pathway. We confirmed that SERCA2b and RYR2, the two key genes involved in this pathway, were upregulated in the WAT. Our data suggest that the upregulation of NPRs, β-1R and β-3R, lipolysis, and SERCA2b and RYR2 may be one of the mechanisms by which RIM promotes beiging and overall the improvement of metabolic homeostasis induced by RIM.
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MESH Headings
- Adipose Tissue/drug effects
- Adipose Tissue, Brown/drug effects
- Adipose Tissue, White/drug effects
- Animals
- Diet, High-Fat/adverse effects
- Dogs
- Gene Expression/drug effects
- Inflammation/pathology
- Inflammation/prevention & control
- Insulin Resistance
- Male
- Organelle Biogenesis
- Receptor, Cannabinoid, CB1/antagonists & inhibitors
- Receptors, Adrenergic, beta/drug effects
- Receptors, Adrenergic, beta/metabolism
- Receptors, Atrial Natriuretic Factor/drug effects
- Rimonabant/pharmacology
- Thermogenesis/drug effects
- Thermogenesis/genetics
- Uncoupling Protein 1/drug effects
- Weight Loss/drug effects
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Affiliation(s)
- Malini S Iyer
- Cedars-Sinai Diabetes and Obesity Research Institute, Los Angeles, California
| | | | - Richard N Bergman
- Cedars-Sinai Diabetes and Obesity Research Institute, Los Angeles, California
| | - Joyce M Richey
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California
| | - Orison O Woolcott
- Cedars-Sinai Diabetes and Obesity Research Institute, Los Angeles, California
| | - Isaac Asare-Bediako
- Cedars-Sinai Diabetes and Obesity Research Institute, Los Angeles, California
| | - Qiang Wu
- Cedars-Sinai Diabetes and Obesity Research Institute, Los Angeles, California
| | - Stella P Kim
- Cedars-Sinai Diabetes and Obesity Research Institute, Los Angeles, California
| | - Darko Stefanovski
- Cedars-Sinai Diabetes and Obesity Research Institute, Los Angeles, California
| | - Cathryn M Kolka
- Cedars-Sinai Diabetes and Obesity Research Institute, Los Angeles, California
| | - Deborah J Clegg
- Cedars-Sinai Diabetes and Obesity Research Institute, Los Angeles, California
| | - Morvarid Kabir
- Cedars-Sinai Diabetes and Obesity Research Institute, Los Angeles, California
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Fraum TJ, Crandall JP, Ludwig DR, Chen S, Fowler KJ, Laforest RA, Salter A, Dehdashti F, An H, Wahl RL. Repeatability of Quantitative Brown Adipose Tissue Imaging Metrics on Positron Emission Tomography with 18F-Fluorodeoxyglucose in Humans. Cell Metab 2019; 30:212-224.e4. [PMID: 31230985 DOI: 10.1016/j.cmet.2019.05.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2018] [Revised: 03/01/2019] [Accepted: 05/22/2019] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Brown adipose tissue (BAT) is a promising target for anti-obesity interventions. This prospective test-retest study assessed the repeatability of several important quantitative BAT metrics. After cold activation, 24 subjects underwent positron emission tomography (PET)/computed tomography (CT) and PET/magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), utilizing 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose. Repeat imaging occurred within 14 days per an identical protocol. BAT volumes were strongly correlated between sessions for PET/CT (intraclass correlation coefficient [ICC], 0.85) and PET/MRI (ICC, 0.82). BAT maximum lean-body-mass-adjusted standardized uptake values (SULmax) were also strongly correlated between sessions for both PET/CT (ICC, 0.74) and PET/MRI (ICC, 0.83). Much longitudinal variability in BAT metrics was likely due to biological factors intrinsic to BAT, whole-body metabolic fluctuations, or temporal differences in cold-activation efficacy, rather than imaging factors. Future studies utilizing these imaging metrics to track the response BAT to interventions should incorporate this variation into sample-size considerations and response criteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tyler J Fraum
- Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - John P Crandall
- Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Daniel R Ludwig
- Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Sihao Chen
- Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Kathryn J Fowler
- Department of Radiology, University of California, San Diego School of Medicine, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Richard A Laforest
- Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Amber Salter
- Division of Biostatistics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Farrokh Dehdashti
- Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Hongyu An
- Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Richard L Wahl
- Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA.
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Esteban-Medina M, Peña-Chilet M, Loucera C, Dopazo J. Exploring the druggable space around the Fanconi anemia pathway using machine learning and mechanistic models. BMC Bioinformatics 2019; 20:370. [PMID: 31266445 PMCID: PMC6604281 DOI: 10.1186/s12859-019-2969-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2019] [Accepted: 06/25/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND In spite of the abundance of genomic data, predictive models that describe phenotypes as a function of gene expression or mutations are difficult to obtain because they are affected by the curse of dimensionality, given the disbalance between samples and candidate genes. And this is especially dramatic in scenarios in which the availability of samples is difficult, such as the case of rare diseases. RESULTS The application of multi-output regression machine learning methodologies to predict the potential effect of external proteins over the signaling circuits that trigger Fanconi anemia related cell functionalities, inferred with a mechanistic model, allowed us to detect over 20 potential therapeutic targets. CONCLUSIONS The use of artificial intelligence methods for the prediction of potentially causal relationships between proteins of interest and cell activities related with disease-related phenotypes opens promising avenues for the systematic search of new targets in rare diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marina Esteban-Medina
- Clinical Bioinformatics Area. Fundación Progreso y Salud (FPS). CDCA, Hospital Virgen del Rocio, 41013 Sevilla, Spain
| | - María Peña-Chilet
- Clinical Bioinformatics Area. Fundación Progreso y Salud (FPS). CDCA, Hospital Virgen del Rocio, 41013 Sevilla, Spain
- Bioinformatics in Rare Diseases (BiER). Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), FPS, Hospital Virgen del Rocío, 41013 Sevilla, Spain
| | - Carlos Loucera
- Clinical Bioinformatics Area. Fundación Progreso y Salud (FPS). CDCA, Hospital Virgen del Rocio, 41013 Sevilla, Spain
| | - Joaquín Dopazo
- Clinical Bioinformatics Area. Fundación Progreso y Salud (FPS). CDCA, Hospital Virgen del Rocio, 41013 Sevilla, Spain
- Bioinformatics in Rare Diseases (BiER). Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), FPS, Hospital Virgen del Rocío, 41013 Sevilla, Spain
- INB-ELIXIR-es, FPS, Hospital Virgen del Rocío, 42013 Sevilla, Spain
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Guilherme A, Henriques F, Bedard AH, Czech MP. Molecular pathways linking adipose innervation to insulin action in obesity and diabetes mellitus. Nat Rev Endocrinol 2019; 15:207-225. [PMID: 30733616 PMCID: PMC7073451 DOI: 10.1038/s41574-019-0165-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 109] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Adipose tissue comprises adipocytes and many other cell types that engage in dynamic crosstalk in a highly innervated and vascularized tissue matrix. Although adipose tissue has been studied for decades, it has been appreciated only in the past 5 years that extensive arborization of nerve fibres has a dominant role in regulating the function of adipose tissue. This Review summarizes the latest literature, which suggests that adipocytes signal to local sensory nerve fibres in response to perturbations in lipolysis and lipogenesis. Such adipocyte signalling to the central nervous system causes sympathetic output to distant adipose depots and potentially other metabolic tissues to regulate systemic glucose homeostasis. Paracrine factors identified in the past few years that mediate such adipocyte-neuron crosstalk are also reviewed. Similarly, immune cells and endothelial cells within adipose tissue communicate with local nerve fibres to modulate neurotransmitter tone, blood flow, adipocyte differentiation and energy expenditure, including adipose browning to produce heat. This understudied field of neurometabolism related to adipose tissue biology has great potential to reveal new mechanistic insights and potential therapeutic strategies for obesity and type 2 diabetes mellitus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adilson Guilherme
- Program in Molecular Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA, USA
| | - Felipe Henriques
- Program in Molecular Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA, USA
| | - Alexander H Bedard
- Program in Molecular Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA, USA
| | - Michael P Czech
- Program in Molecular Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA, USA.
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Abstract
Adipose tissue possesses the remarkable capacity to control its size and function in response to a variety of internal and external cues, such as nutritional status and temperature. The regulatory circuits of fuel storage and oxidation in white adipocytes and thermogenic adipocytes (brown and beige adipocytes) play a central role in systemic energy homeostasis, whereas dysregulation of the pathways is closely associated with metabolic disorders and adipose tissue malfunction, including obesity, insulin resistance, chronic inflammation, mitochondrial dysfunction, and fibrosis. Recent studies have uncovered new regulatory elements that control the above parameters and provide new mechanistic opportunities to reprogram fat cell fate and function. In this Review, we provide an overview of the current understanding of adipocyte metabolism in physiology and disease and also discuss possible strategies to alter fuel utilization in fat cells to improve metabolic health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edward T Chouchani
- Department of Cancer Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA.
- Department of Cell Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
| | - Shingo Kajimura
- Department of Cell and Tissue Biology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.
- UCSF Diabetes Center, San Francisco, CA, USA.
- Eli and Edythe Broad Center of Regeneration Medicine and Stem Cell Research, San Francisco, CA, USA.
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Schnabl K, Westermeier J, Li Y, Klingenspor M. Opposing Actions of Adrenocorticotropic Hormone and Glucocorticoids on UCP1-Mediated Respiration in Brown Adipocytes. Front Physiol 2019; 9:1931. [PMID: 30705635 PMCID: PMC6344423 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2018.01931] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2018] [Accepted: 12/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Brown fat is a potential target in the treatment of metabolic disorders as recruitment and activation of this thermogenic organ increases energy expenditure and promotes satiation. A large variety of G-protein coupled receptors, known as classical drug targets in pharmacotherapy, is expressed in brown adipocytes. In the present study, we analyzed transcriptome data for the expression of these receptors to identify potential pathways for the recruitment and activation of thermogenic capacity in brown fat. Our analysis revealed 12 Gs-coupled receptors abundantly expressed in murine brown fat. We screened ligands for these receptors in brown adipocytes for their ability to stimulate UCP1-mediated respiration and Ucp1 gene expression. Adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH), a ligand for the melanocortin 2 receptor (MC2R), turned out to be the most potent activator of UCP1 whereas its capability to stimulate Ucp1 gene expression was comparably low. Adrenocorticotropic hormone is the glandotropic hormone of the endocrine hypothalamus–pituitary–adrenal-axis stimulating the release of glucocorticoids in response to stress. In primary brown adipocytes ACTH acutely increased the cellular respiration rate similar to isoproterenol, a β-adrenergic receptor agonist. The effect of ACTH on brown adipocyte respiration was mediated via the MC2R as confirmed by using an antagonist. Inhibitor-based studies revealed that ACTH-induced respiration was dependent on protein kinase A and lipolysis, compatible with a rise of intracellular cAMP in response to ACTH. Furthermore, it is dependent on UCP1, as cells from UCP1-knockout mice did not respond. Taken together, ACTH is a non-adrenergic activator of murine brown adipocytes, initiating the canonical adenylyl cyclase–cAMP–protein kinase A-lipolysis-UCP1 pathway, and thus a potential target for the recruitment and activation of thermogenic capacity. Based on these findings in primary cell culture, the physiological significance might be that cold-induced ACTH in concert with norepinephrine released from sympathetic nerves contributes to BAT thermogenesis. Notably, dexamethasone attenuated isoproterenol-induced respiration. This effect increased gradually with the duration of pretreatment. In vivo, glucocorticoid release triggered by ACTH might oppose beta-adrenergic stimulation of metabolic fuel combustion in BAT and limit stress-induced hyperthermia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katharina Schnabl
- Chair for Molecular Nutritional Medicine, TUM School of Life Sciences Weihenstephan, Technical University of Munich, Freising, Germany.,EKFZ - Else Kröner-Fresenius Zentrum for Nutritional Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Freising, Germany.,ZIEL - Institute for Food & Health, Technical University of Munich, Freising, Germany
| | - Julia Westermeier
- Chair for Molecular Nutritional Medicine, TUM School of Life Sciences Weihenstephan, Technical University of Munich, Freising, Germany.,EKFZ - Else Kröner-Fresenius Zentrum for Nutritional Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Freising, Germany
| | - Yongguo Li
- Chair for Molecular Nutritional Medicine, TUM School of Life Sciences Weihenstephan, Technical University of Munich, Freising, Germany.,EKFZ - Else Kröner-Fresenius Zentrum for Nutritional Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Freising, Germany
| | - Martin Klingenspor
- Chair for Molecular Nutritional Medicine, TUM School of Life Sciences Weihenstephan, Technical University of Munich, Freising, Germany.,EKFZ - Else Kröner-Fresenius Zentrum for Nutritional Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Freising, Germany.,ZIEL - Institute for Food & Health, Technical University of Munich, Freising, Germany
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Kalmykova O, Dzerzhynsky M. The effects of melatonin administration in different times of day on the brown adipose tissue in rats with high-calorie diet-induced obesity. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2019. [DOI: 10.17721/1728_2748.2019.77.55-61] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
The aim of our study was to determine morpho-functional state (area of nucleus, brown adipocytes and also area and number of lipid droplets in each cells, general optical density of tissue) of brown adipose tissue in rats with high-calorie (high fat) dietinduced obesity after melatonin administration in different time of the day (morning and evening). Melatonin was administered daily by gavage for 7 weeks in dose 30 mg/kg either 1 h after lights-on (ZT01) or 1 h before lights-off (ZT11) rats with high-calorie diet (HCD). Besides morphometric parameters as well were measured related visceral fat weight and related brown adipose tissue mass. Rats with HCD had huge changes in brown adipocytes morphology, which summarized in become resembles of classical white adipocytes: grown lipid droplets and cells area, but goes down lipid droplets number and optical density of brown adipose tissue. In general brown adipose tissue with above mentioned characteristic from HCD rats lose their ability to conduct strongly thermoproduction function. After melatonin used in rats with HCD arise leveling of pathological changes, which associated with consumption of HCD. Namely, in groups HCD ZT01 and HCD ZT11 we obtain decreased cells and lipid droplets area, increased lipid droplets number and optical density of brown adipose tissue, in relation to group HCD. Therese received changes has evidence about functionally active brown adipose tissue state, which can also dissipate of exceed energy (lipids – triacylglycerols) amount into whole organism during heat production for avoid to its storage in white adipose tissue and in outside adipose tissue. In addition, evening administration of melatonin (group HCD ZT11) demonstrate more activated state of brown adipose tissueand also related visceral weight gain less, than morning(group HCD ZT01). In conclusions, melatonin influence on morpho-functional state brown adipose tissue in rats with HCD, moreover evening administration can use for obesity therapy via its strong action on activate brown adipocytes.
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48
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Chen Y, Ikeda K, Yoneshiro T, Scaramozza A, Tajima K, Wang Q, Kim K, Shinoda K, Sponton CH, Brown Z, Brack A, Kajimura S. Thermal stress induces glycolytic beige fat formation via a myogenic state. Nature 2019; 565:180-185. [PMID: 30568302 PMCID: PMC6328316 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-018-0801-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 162] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2018] [Accepted: 11/06/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Environmental cues profoundly affect cellular plasticity in multicellular organisms. For instance, exercise promotes a glycolytic-to-oxidative fibre-type switch in skeletal muscle, and cold acclimation induces beige adipocyte biogenesis in adipose tissue. However, the molecular mechanisms by which physiological or pathological cues evoke developmental plasticity remain incompletely understood. Here we report a type of beige adipocyte that has a critical role in chronic cold adaptation in the absence of β-adrenergic receptor signalling. This beige fat is distinct from conventional beige fat with respect to developmental origin and regulation, and displays enhanced glucose oxidation. We therefore refer to it as glycolytic beige fat. Mechanistically, we identify GA-binding protein α as a regulator of glycolytic beige adipocyte differentiation through a myogenic intermediate. Our study reveals a non-canonical adaptive mechanism by which thermal stress induces progenitor cell plasticity and recruits a distinct form of thermogenic cell that is required for energy homeostasis and survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong Chen
- UCSF Diabetes Center, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Eli and Edythe Broad Center of Regeneration Medicine and Stem Cell Research, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Department of Cell and Tissue Biology, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Department of Internal Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Kenji Ikeda
- UCSF Diabetes Center, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Eli and Edythe Broad Center of Regeneration Medicine and Stem Cell Research, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Department of Cell and Tissue Biology, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Takeshi Yoneshiro
- UCSF Diabetes Center, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Eli and Edythe Broad Center of Regeneration Medicine and Stem Cell Research, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Department of Cell and Tissue Biology, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Annarita Scaramozza
- Eli and Edythe Broad Center of Regeneration Medicine and Stem Cell Research, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Kazuki Tajima
- UCSF Diabetes Center, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Eli and Edythe Broad Center of Regeneration Medicine and Stem Cell Research, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Department of Cell and Tissue Biology, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Qiang Wang
- UCSF Diabetes Center, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Eli and Edythe Broad Center of Regeneration Medicine and Stem Cell Research, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Department of Cell and Tissue Biology, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Kyeongkyu Kim
- UCSF Diabetes Center, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Eli and Edythe Broad Center of Regeneration Medicine and Stem Cell Research, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Department of Cell and Tissue Biology, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Kosaku Shinoda
- UCSF Diabetes Center, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Eli and Edythe Broad Center of Regeneration Medicine and Stem Cell Research, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Department of Cell and Tissue Biology, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Department of Medicine and Molecular Pharmacology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Carlos Henrique Sponton
- UCSF Diabetes Center, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Eli and Edythe Broad Center of Regeneration Medicine and Stem Cell Research, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Department of Cell and Tissue Biology, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Zachary Brown
- UCSF Diabetes Center, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Eli and Edythe Broad Center of Regeneration Medicine and Stem Cell Research, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Department of Cell and Tissue Biology, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Andrew Brack
- Eli and Edythe Broad Center of Regeneration Medicine and Stem Cell Research, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Shingo Kajimura
- UCSF Diabetes Center, San Francisco, CA, USA.
- Eli and Edythe Broad Center of Regeneration Medicine and Stem Cell Research, San Francisco, CA, USA.
- Department of Cell and Tissue Biology, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA.
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49
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Affiliation(s)
- Saverio Cinti
- Professor of Human Anatomy, Director, Center of Obesity, University of Ancona (Politecnica delle Marche), Ancona, Italy
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50
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Giudetti AM, Testini M, Vergara D, Priore P, Damiano F, Gallelli CA, Romano A, Villani R, Cassano T, Siculella L, Gnoni GV, Moles A, Coccurello R, Gaetani S. Chronic psychosocial defeat differently affects lipid metabolism in liver and white adipose tissue and induces hepatic oxidative stress in mice fed a high‐fat diet. FASEB J 2018; 33:1428-1439. [DOI: 10.1096/fj.201801130r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Anna M. Giudetti
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences and TechnologiesUniversity of Salento Lecce Italy
| | - Mariangela Testini
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences and TechnologiesUniversity of Salento Lecce Italy
| | - Daniele Vergara
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences and TechnologiesUniversity of Salento Lecce Italy
| | - Paola Priore
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences and TechnologiesUniversity of Salento Lecce Italy
| | - Fabrizio Damiano
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences and TechnologiesUniversity of Salento Lecce Italy
| | - Cristina Anna Gallelli
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology V. ErspamerSapienza University of Rome Rome Italy
| | - Adele Romano
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology V. ErspamerSapienza University of Rome Rome Italy
| | - Rosanna Villani
- Department of Medical and Occupational SciencesUniversity of Foggia Foggia Italy
| | - Tommaso Cassano
- Department of Clinical and Experimental MedicineUniversity of Foggia Foggia Italy
| | - Luisa Siculella
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences and TechnologiesUniversity of Salento Lecce Italy
| | - Gabriele V. Gnoni
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences and TechnologiesUniversity of Salento Lecce Italy
| | - Anna Moles
- Institute of Cell Biology and Neurobiology (IBCN)National Research Council (CNR) Rome Italy
- Genomia srl Bresso Italy
| | - Roberto Coccurello
- Institute of Cell Biology and Neurobiology (IBCN)National Research Council (CNR) Rome Italy
- Fondazione Santa Lucia-Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (FSL-IRCCS) Rome Italy
| | - Silvana Gaetani
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology V. ErspamerSapienza University of Rome Rome Italy
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