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Gupta P, Gupta RK, Gandhi BS, Singh P. Differential binding of CREB and REST/NRSF to NMDAR1 promoter is associated with the sex-selective cognitive deficit following postnatal PBDE-209 exposure in mice. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2024; 31:38710-38722. [PMID: 37002525 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-023-26107-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2022] [Accepted: 02/20/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
Neonatal exposure to decabromodiphenyl ether (PBDE-209), a widely used flame retardant, affects cognitive performances in the later stage of life in a sex-dependent manner. PBDE-209 interferes with glutamatergic signaling and N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor (NMDAR) subunits with unresolved regulatory mechanisms. This study exposed male and female mice pups through postnatal day (PND) 3-10 to PBDE-209 (oral dose: 0, 6, or 20 mg/kg body weight). The frontal cortex and hippocampus, collected from neonate (PND 11) and young (PND 60) mice, were analyzed for cAMP response element-binding protein (CREB) and RE1-silencing transcription factor/ Neuron-restrictive silencer factor (REST/NRSF) binding to NMDAR1 promoter and expression of NMDAR1 gene by electrophoretic mobility shift assay and semi-quantitative RT-PCR respectively. Behavioral changes were assessed using spontaneous alternation behavior and novel object recognition tests in young mice. In neonates, the binding of CREB was increased, while REST/NRSF was decreased significantly to their cognate NMDAR1 promoter sequences at the high dose of PBDE-209 in both the sexes. This reciprocal pattern of CREB and REST/NRSF interactions correlates with the up-regulation of NMDAR1 expression. Young males followed a similar pattern of CREB and REST/NRSF binding and NMDAR1 expression as in neonates. Surprisingly, young females did not show any alteration when compared to age-matched controls. Also, we found that only young males showed working and recognition memory deficits. These results indicate that early exposure to PBDE-209 interferes with CREB- and REST/NRSF-dependent regulation of the NMDAR1 gene in an acute setting. However, long-term effects persist only in young males that could be associated with cognitive impairment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Priya Gupta
- Department of Zoology, Women's College, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, UP, India
| | - Rajaneesh K Gupta
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, UP, India
| | - Behrose S Gandhi
- Department of Zoology, Women's College, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, UP, India
| | - Poonam Singh
- Department of Zoology, Women's College, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, UP, India.
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Schrenk D, Bignami M, Bodin L, Chipman JK, del Mazo J, Grasl‐Kraupp B, Hogstrand C, (Ron) Hoogenboom L, Leblanc J, Nebbia CS, Nielsen E, Ntzani E, Petersen A, Sand S, Schwerdtle T, Wallace H, Benford D, Fürst P, Hart A, Rose M, Schroeder H, Vrijheid M, Ioannidou S, Nikolič M, Bordajandi LR, Vleminckx C. Update of the risk assessment of polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) in food. EFSA J 2024; 22:e8497. [PMID: 38269035 PMCID: PMC10807361 DOI: 10.2903/j.efsa.2024.8497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2024] Open
Abstract
The European Commission asked EFSA to update its 2011 risk assessment on polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) in food, focusing on 10 congeners: BDE-28, -47, -49, -99, -100, -138, -153, -154, -183 and ‑209. The CONTAM Panel concluded that the neurodevelopmental effects on behaviour and reproductive/developmental effects are the critical effects in rodent studies. For four congeners (BDE-47, -99, -153, -209) the Panel derived Reference Points, i.e. benchmark doses and corresponding lower 95% confidence limits (BMDLs), for endpoint-specific benchmark responses. Since repeated exposure to PBDEs results in accumulation of these chemicals in the body, the Panel estimated the body burden at the BMDL in rodents, and the chronic intake that would lead to the same body burden in humans. For the remaining six congeners no studies were available to identify Reference Points. The Panel concluded that there is scientific basis for inclusion of all 10 congeners in a common assessment group and performed a combined risk assessment. The Panel concluded that the combined margin of exposure (MOET) approach was the most appropriate risk metric and applied a tiered approach to the risk characterisation. Over 84,000 analytical results for the 10 congeners in food were used to estimate the exposure across dietary surveys and age groups of the European population. The most important contributors to the chronic dietary Lower Bound exposure to PBDEs were meat and meat products and fish and seafood. Taking into account the uncertainties affecting the assessment, the Panel concluded that it is likely that current dietary exposure to PBDEs in the European population raises a health concern.
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Eriksson P, Johansson N, Viberg H, Buratovic S, Fredriksson A. Perfluorinated chemicals (PFOA) can, by interacting with highly brominated diphenyl ethers (PBDE 209) during a defined period of neonatal brain development, exacerbate neurobehavioural defects. Neurotoxicol Teratol 2023; 96:107150. [PMID: 36584763 DOI: 10.1016/j.ntt.2022.107150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2022] [Revised: 12/20/2022] [Accepted: 12/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Perfluorinated compounds (PFCs) and polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) are ubiquitous persistent environmental compounds, present in humans and at higher levels in infants/children than in adults. This study shows that co-exposure to pentadecafluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) and 2,2',3,3',4,4',5,5',6,6'-decaBDE (PBDE 209) can significantly exacerbate developmental neurobehavioural defects. Neonatal male NMRI mice, 3 and 10 days old, were exposed perorally to PBDE 209 (1.4 or 8.0 μmol/kg bw), PFOA (1.4 or 14 μmol/kg bw), co-exposed to PBDE 209 and PFOA (at the given doses), or a vehicle (20% fat emulsion) and observed for spontaneous behaviour in a novel home environment when 2 and 4 months old. The behavioural defects observed included hyperactivity and reduced habituation indicating cognitive defects. This interaction appears most likely dependent on the presence of PBDE 209 and/or its metabolites together with PFOA, during a defined critical period of neonatal brain development, corresponding to the perinatal and newborn period in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Per Eriksson
- Department of Environmental Toxicology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden.
| | - Niclas Johansson
- Department of Environmental Toxicology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Henrik Viberg
- Department of Environmental Toxicology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Sonja Buratovic
- Department of Environmental Toxicology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Anders Fredriksson
- Department of Environmental Toxicology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
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4
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Qi Y. Effects of decabromodiphenyl ether (BDE-209) on ultrasonic vocalizations emitted by rat pups during isolation. Neurotoxicol Teratol 2022; 93:107118. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ntt.2022.107118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2022] [Revised: 07/18/2022] [Accepted: 08/01/2022] [Indexed: 10/16/2022]
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5
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Crépet A, Vasseur P, Jean J, Badot PM, Nesslany F, Vernoux JP, Feidt C, Mhaouty-Kodja S. Integrating Selection and Risk Assessment of Chemical Mixtures: A Novel Approach Applied to a Breast Milk Survey. ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH PERSPECTIVES 2022; 130:35001. [PMID: 35238606 PMCID: PMC8893236 DOI: 10.1289/ehp8262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2020] [Revised: 09/08/2021] [Accepted: 09/09/2021] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND One of the main challenges of modern risk assessment is to account for combined exposure to the multitude of various substances present in food and the environment. OBJECTIVE The present work proposes a methodological approach to perform chemical risk assessment of contaminant mixtures across regulatory silos regarding an extensive range of substances and to do so when comprehensive relevant data concerning the specific effects and modes of action of the mixture components are not available. METHODS We developed a complete step-by-step approach using statistical methods to prioritize substances involved in combined exposure, and we used a component-based approach to cumulate the risk using dose additivity. The most relevant toxicological end point and the associated reference point were selected from the literature to construct a toxicological threshold for each substance. DISCUSSION By applying the proposed method to contaminants in breast milk, we observed that among the 19 substances comprising the selected mixture, ∑DDT, ∑PCBi, and arsenic were main joint contributors to the risk of neurodevelopmental and thyroid effects for infants. In addition, ∑PCCD/F contributed to the thyroid effect and ∑aldrin-dieldrin to the neurodevelopmental effect. Our case study on contaminants in breast milk demonstrated the importance of crossing regulatory silos when studying mixtures and the importance of identifying risk drivers to regulate the risk related to environmental contamination. Applying this method to another set of data, such as human biomonitoring or in ecotoxicology, will reinforce its relevance for risk assessment. https://doi.org/10.1289/EHP8262.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amélie Crépet
- Methodology and Studies Unit, Risk Assessment Department, French Agency for Food, Environmental and Occupational Health and Safety, Maisons-Alfort, France
| | - Paule Vasseur
- Université de Lorraine, Centre national de la recherche scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire Interdisciplinaire des Environnements Continentaux, Metz, France
| | - Julien Jean
- Methodology and Studies Unit, Risk Assessment Department, French Agency for Food, Environmental and Occupational Health and Safety, Maisons-Alfort, France
| | - Pierre-Marie Badot
- Chrono-Environment Department, Franche-Comté University, CNRS, Besançon, France
| | - Fabrice Nesslany
- Université de Lille, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, EA4483-IMPacts de l’Environnement Chimique sur la Santé Humaine, Lille, France
- Laboratoire de Toxicologie Génétique, Institut Pasteur de Lille, Lille, France
| | - Jean-Paul Vernoux
- Université de Caen Normandie, Unité de Recherche Aliments Bioprocédés Toxicologie Environnements, EA4651, Caen, France
| | - Cyril Feidt
- Université de Lorraine, Unité de Recherche Animal et Fonctionnalités des Produits Animaux, Nancy, France
| | - Sakina Mhaouty-Kodja
- Sorbonne Université, CNRS, Institut national de la santé et de la recherche médicale, Neuroscience Paris Seine—Institut de Biologie Paris Seine, Paris, France
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Gauvrit T, Benderradji H, Buée L, Blum D, Vieau D. Early-Life Environment Influence on Late-Onset Alzheimer’s Disease. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 10:834661. [PMID: 35252195 PMCID: PMC8891536 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2022.834661] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2021] [Accepted: 01/27/2022] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
With the expand of the population’s average age, the incidence of neurodegenerative disorders has dramatically increased over the last decades. Alzheimer disease (AD) which is the most prevalent neurodegenerative disease is mostly sporadic and primarily characterized by cognitive deficits and neuropathological lesions such as amyloid -β (Aβ) plaques and neurofibrillary tangles composed of hyper- and/or abnormally phosphorylated Tau protein. AD is considered a complex disease that arises from the interaction between environmental and genetic factors, modulated by epigenetic mechanisms. Besides the well-described cognitive decline, AD patients also exhibit metabolic impairments. Metabolic and cognitive perturbations are indeed frequently observed in the Developmental Origin of Health and Diseases (DOHaD) field of research which proposes that environmental perturbations during the perinatal period determine the susceptibility to pathological conditions later in life. In this review, we explored the potential influence of early environmental exposure to risk factors (maternal stress, malnutrition, xenobiotics, chemical factors … ) and the involvement of epigenetic mechanisms on the programming of late-onset AD. Animal models indicate that offspring exposed to early-life stress during gestation and/or lactation increase both AD lesions, lead to defects in synaptic plasticity and finally to cognitive impairments. This long-lasting epigenetic programming could be modulated by factors such as nutriceuticals, epigenetic modifiers or psychosocial behaviour, offering thus future therapeutic opportunity to protect from AD development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thibaut Gauvrit
- Inserm, CHU Lille, U1172 LilNCog—Lille Neuroscience and Cognition, Université de Lille, Lille, France
- Alzheimer and Tauopathies, LabEx DISTALZ, Lille, France
| | - Hamza Benderradji
- Inserm, CHU Lille, U1172 LilNCog—Lille Neuroscience and Cognition, Université de Lille, Lille, France
- Alzheimer and Tauopathies, LabEx DISTALZ, Lille, France
| | - Luc Buée
- Inserm, CHU Lille, U1172 LilNCog—Lille Neuroscience and Cognition, Université de Lille, Lille, France
- Alzheimer and Tauopathies, LabEx DISTALZ, Lille, France
| | - David Blum
- Inserm, CHU Lille, U1172 LilNCog—Lille Neuroscience and Cognition, Université de Lille, Lille, France
- Alzheimer and Tauopathies, LabEx DISTALZ, Lille, France
| | - Didier Vieau
- Inserm, CHU Lille, U1172 LilNCog—Lille Neuroscience and Cognition, Université de Lille, Lille, France
- Alzheimer and Tauopathies, LabEx DISTALZ, Lille, France
- *Correspondence: Didier Vieau,
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7
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Lee H, Sung EJ, Seo S, Min EK, Lee JY, Shim I, Kim P, Kim TY, Lee S, Kim KT. Integrated multi-omics analysis reveals the underlying molecular mechanism for developmental neurotoxicity of perfluorooctanesulfonic acid in zebrafish. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2021; 157:106802. [PMID: 34358914 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2021.106802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2021] [Revised: 07/19/2021] [Accepted: 07/26/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Limited studies on multi-omics have been conducted to comprehensively investigate the molecular mechanism underlying the developmental neurotoxicity of perfluorooctanesulfonic acid (PFOS). In this study, the locomotor behavior of zebrafish larvae was assessed under the exposure to 0.1-20 μM PFOS based on its reported neurobehavioral effect. After the number of zebrafish larvae was optimized for proteomics and metabolomics studies, three kinds of omics (i.e., transcriptomics, proteomics, and metabolomics) were carried out with zebrafish larvae exposed to 0.1, 1, 5, and 10 μM PFOS. More importantly, a data-driven integration of multi-omics was performed to elucidate the toxicity mechanism involved in developmental neurotoxicity. In a concentration-dependent manner, exposure to PFOS provoked hyperactivity and hypoactivity under light and dark conditions, respectively. Individual omics revealed that PFOS exposure caused perturbations in the pathways of neurological function, oxidative stress, and energy metabolism. Integrated omics implied that there were decisive pathways for axonal deformation, neuroinflammatory stimulation, and dysregulation of calcium ion signaling, which are more clearly specified for neurotoxicity. Overall, our findings broaden the molecular understanding of the developmental neurotoxicity of PFOS, for which multi-omics and integrated omics analyses are efficient for discovering the significant molecular pathways related to developmental neurotoxicity in zebrafish.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyojin Lee
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Seoul National University of Science and Technology, Seoul 01811, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun Ji Sung
- BK21 FOUR Community-Based Intelligent Novel Drug Discovery Education Unit, College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea
| | - Seungwoo Seo
- School of Earth Sciences and Environmental Engineering, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology, Gwangju 61005, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun Ki Min
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Seoul National University of Science and Technology, Seoul 01811, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji-Young Lee
- Environmental Health Research Department, National Institute of Environmental Research, Incheon 22689, Republic of Korea
| | - Ilseob Shim
- Environmental Health Research Department, National Institute of Environmental Research, Incheon 22689, Republic of Korea
| | - Pilje Kim
- Environmental Health Research Department, National Institute of Environmental Research, Incheon 22689, Republic of Korea
| | - Tae-Young Kim
- School of Earth Sciences and Environmental Engineering, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology, Gwangju 61005, Republic of Korea.
| | - Sangkyu Lee
- BK21 FOUR Community-Based Intelligent Novel Drug Discovery Education Unit, College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea.
| | - Ki-Tae Kim
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Seoul National University of Science and Technology, Seoul 01811, Republic of Korea.
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8
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Paliya S, Mandpe A, Bombaywala S, Kumar MS, Kumar S, Morya VK. Polybrominated diphenyl ethers in the environment: a wake-up call for concerted action in India. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2021; 28:44693-44715. [PMID: 34227009 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-021-15204-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2020] [Accepted: 06/25/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) are a class of persistent organic pollutants (POPs) used as flame retardants in the products utilized in day-to-day life. Their bioaccumulation, low volatility, and high persistence in the environment have led to their global spread even to remote and distant regions. The present study identifies gaps in the investigation of the neurotoxic potential of PBDEs, their effects on brain development, toxicokinetic, and their potential as a carcinogen. In India, to date, only human breast milk was assessed for levels of PBDEs, and it is suggested that other human tissues can also be explored. No data on the reproductive toxicity of PBDEs are reported from Indian cohorts. Long-range transport and deposition of PBDEs in colder regions necessitates monitoring of Himalayan regions in India. An inventory of PBDEs is required to be made for addressing the worrisome situation of the unregulated import of E-waste from the developed countries in India. The study also emphasizes providing guidelines for the articulation of policies regarding sound surveillance and management of PBDE production, consumption, and release in the Indian context. It is recommended that a separate cell for monitoring and follow-up of PBDEs should be established in India. Also, the development of better alternatives and environment-friendly remediation technologies for PBDEs is the need of the hour.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonam Paliya
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201 002, India
- CSIR-National Environmental Engineering Research Institute (CSIR-NEERI), Nehru Marg, Nagpur, 440 020, India
| | - Ashootosh Mandpe
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201 002, India
- CSIR-National Environmental Engineering Research Institute (CSIR-NEERI), Nehru Marg, Nagpur, 440 020, India
| | - Sakina Bombaywala
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201 002, India
- CSIR-National Environmental Engineering Research Institute (CSIR-NEERI), Nehru Marg, Nagpur, 440 020, India
| | - Manukonda Suresh Kumar
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201 002, India
- CSIR-National Environmental Engineering Research Institute (CSIR-NEERI), Nehru Marg, Nagpur, 440 020, India
| | - Sunil Kumar
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201 002, India.
- CSIR-National Environmental Engineering Research Institute (CSIR-NEERI), Nehru Marg, Nagpur, 440 020, India.
| | - Vivek Kumar Morya
- Adhita Biosciences Pvt. Ltd, SIIC Extension, IIT Kanpur, Kanpur, 208 016, India
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9
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Walley SN, Krumm EA, Yasrebi A, Wiersielis KR, O'Leary S, Tillery T, Roepke TA. Maternal organophosphate flame-retardant exposure alters offspring feeding, locomotor and exploratory behaviors in a sexually-dimorphic manner in mice. J Appl Toxicol 2020; 41:442-457. [PMID: 33280148 DOI: 10.1002/jat.4056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2020] [Revised: 07/31/2020] [Accepted: 08/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Increased usage of organophosphate flame retardants (OPFRs) has led to detectable levels in pregnant women and neonates, which is associated with negative neurological outcomes. Therefore, we investigated if maternal OPFR exposure altered adult offspring feeding, locomotor, and anxiety-like behaviors on a low-fat (LFD) or high-fat diet (HFD). Wild-type C57Bl/6J dams were orally dosed with vehicle (sesame oil) or an OPFR mixture (1 mg/kg combination each of tris(1,3-dichloro-2-propyl)phosphate, triphenyl phosphate and tricresyl phosphate) from gestation day 7 to postnatal day 14. After weaning, pups were fed either a LFD or HFD until 19 weeks of age. Locomotor and anxiety-like behaviors were evaluated with the open field test, elevated plus maze, and metabolic cages. Feeding behaviors and meal patterns were analyzed by a Biological Data Acquisition System. Anogenital distance was reduced in OPFR-exposed male pups, but no effect was detected on adult body weight. We observed interactions of OPFR exposure and HFD consumption on locomotor and anxiety-like behavior in males, suggesting an anxiogenic effect while reducing overall nighttime activity. We also observed an interaction of OPFR exposure and HFD on weekly food intake and feeding behaviors. OPFR-exposed males consumed more total HFD than oil-exposed males during the 72-hour trial. However, when arcuate gene expression was analyzed, OPFR exposure induced Agrp expression in females, which would suggest greater orexigenic tone. Collectively, the implications of our study are that the behavioral effects of OPFR exposure are modulated by adult HFD consumption, which may influence the metabolic and neurological consequences of maternal OPFR exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabrina N Walley
- Department of Animal Sciences, School of Environmental & Biological Sciences, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick, New Jersey.,Joint Graduate Program in Toxicology, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, New Jersey
| | - Elizabeth A Krumm
- Department of Animal Sciences, School of Environmental & Biological Sciences, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick, New Jersey.,Graduate Program in Endocrinology and Animal Biosciences, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick, New Jersey
| | - Ali Yasrebi
- Department of Animal Sciences, School of Environmental & Biological Sciences, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick, New Jersey.,Graduate Program in Endocrinology and Animal Biosciences, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick, New Jersey
| | - Kimberly R Wiersielis
- Department of Animal Sciences, School of Environmental & Biological Sciences, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick, New Jersey.,Joint Graduate Program in Toxicology, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, New Jersey
| | - Sarah O'Leary
- Department of Animal Sciences, School of Environmental & Biological Sciences, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick, New Jersey
| | - Taylor Tillery
- Department of Animal Sciences, School of Environmental & Biological Sciences, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick, New Jersey
| | - Troy A Roepke
- Department of Animal Sciences, School of Environmental & Biological Sciences, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick, New Jersey.,Joint Graduate Program in Toxicology, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, New Jersey.,Graduate Program in Endocrinology and Animal Biosciences, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick, New Jersey
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10
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Determination of polybrominated diphenyl ethers and metabolites by single-drop microextraction and GC–MS/MS. SN APPLIED SCIENCES 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s42452-020-2642-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022] Open
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11
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Edwards CM, Small D, Bell T, David-Drori J, Hansen C, Morris-Schaffer K, Canale C, Ng J, Markowski VP. Early postnatal decabromodiphenyl ether exposure reduces thyroid hormone and astrocyte density in the juvenile mouse dentate gyrus. Physiol Behav 2020; 216:112798. [PMID: 31926943 DOI: 10.1016/j.physbeh.2020.112798] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2019] [Revised: 01/03/2020] [Accepted: 01/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Decabromodiphenyl ether (decaBDE) is a flame retardant that was widely-applied to many consumer products for decades. Consequently, decaBDE and other members of its class have become globally-distributed environmental contaminants. Epidemiological and animal studies indicate that decaBDE exposure during critical periods of brain development produces long-term behavioral impairments. The current study was designed to identify potential neuroendocrine mechanisms for learning and response inhibition deficits observed by our lab in a previous study. C57BL6/J mouse pups were given a single daily oral dose of 0 or 20 mg/kg decaBDE from day 1 to 21. Serum thyroid hormone levels and astrocyte-specific staining in three regions of the hippocampus were measured on day 22. DecaBDE exposure significantly reduced serum triiodothyronine, thyroxine, and astrocyte density in the subgranular zone but not the hilus or granular layer in both male and female mice. The reduction of thyroid hormone and/or glia activity could impair hippocampal development, leading to behavior dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caitlyn M Edwards
- Department of Psychology, State University of New York at Geneseo, Geneseo, NY 14454, United States
| | - Deena Small
- Department of Biochemistry, University of New England, Biddeford, ME 04005, United States
| | - Tyler Bell
- Department of Psychology, State University of New York at Geneseo, Geneseo, NY 14454, United States
| | - Julian David-Drori
- Department of Psychology, State University of New York at Geneseo, Geneseo, NY 14454, United States
| | - Christina Hansen
- Department of Psychology, State University of New York at Geneseo, Geneseo, NY 14454, United States
| | - Keith Morris-Schaffer
- Department of Psychology, State University of New York at Geneseo, Geneseo, NY 14454, United States
| | - Charlene Canale
- Department of Psychology, State University of New York at Geneseo, Geneseo, NY 14454, United States
| | - John Ng
- Department of Psychology, State University of New York at Geneseo, Geneseo, NY 14454, United States
| | - Vincent P Markowski
- Department of Psychology, State University of New York at Geneseo, Geneseo, NY 14454, United States.
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12
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Nesan D, Kurrasch DM. Gestational Exposure to Common Endocrine Disrupting Chemicals and Their Impact on Neurodevelopment and Behavior. Annu Rev Physiol 2019; 82:177-202. [PMID: 31738670 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-physiol-021119-034555] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Endocrine disrupting chemicals are common in our environment and act on hormone systems and signaling pathways to alter physiological homeostasis. Gestational exposure can disrupt developmental programs, permanently altering tissues with impacts lasting into adulthood. The brain is a critical target for developmental endocrine disruption, resulting in altered neuroendocrine control of hormonal signaling, altered neurotransmitter control of nervous system function, and fundamental changes in behaviors such as learning, memory, and social interactions. Human cohort studies reveal correlations between maternal/fetal exposure to endocrine disruptors and incidence of neurodevelopmental disorders. Here, we summarize the major literature findings of endocrine disruption of neurodevelopment and concomitant changes in behavior by four major endocrine disruptor classes:bisphenol A, polychlorinated biphenyls, organophosphates, and polybrominated diphenyl ethers. We specifically review studies of gestational and/or lactational exposure to understand the effects of early life exposure to these compounds and summarize animal studies that help explain human correlative data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dinushan Nesan
- Department of Medical Genetics, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta T2N 4N1, Canada; , .,Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta T2N 4N1, Canada.,Hotchkiss Brain Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta T2N 4N1, Canada
| | - Deborah M Kurrasch
- Department of Medical Genetics, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta T2N 4N1, Canada; , .,Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta T2N 4N1, Canada.,Hotchkiss Brain Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta T2N 4N1, Canada
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Stojak BL, van Ginkel RA, Ivanco TL, Tomy GT, Fry WM. Acute β-tetrabromoethylcyclohexane (β-TBECH) treatment inhibits the electrical activity of rat Purkinje neurons. CHEMOSPHERE 2019; 231:301-307. [PMID: 31129411 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2019.05.102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2019] [Revised: 05/10/2019] [Accepted: 05/13/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Brominated flame-retardants are environmentally pervasive and persistent synthetic chemicals, some of which have been demonstrated to disrupt neuroendocrine signaling and electrical activity of neurons. 1,2-dibromo-4-(1,2-dibromoethyl)-cyclohexane (TBECH) lacks the toxicity of other classes of BFRs, however its safety is still questioned, as little is known of its neurological effects. Therefore, we sought to determine if TBECH could acutely alter the electrical activity of Purkinje neurons maintained in vitro. Briefly, cerebella from gestational day 20 rats were dissociated and maintained for up to three weeks in culture. Action potentials of Purkinje neurons were detected by cell-attached patch clamp before, during, and after application of β-TBECH. β-TBECH decreased action potential activity in a dose-dependent manner with an apparent EC50 of 396 nM. β-TBECH did not significantly alter the coefficient of variation, a measure of the regularity of firing, suggesting that the mechanism of β-TBECH's effects on firing frequency may be independent of Purkinje neuron intracellular calcium handling. Because levels of β-TBECH in exposed individuals may not approach the EC50, these data suggest that any abnormal neurodevelopment or behavior linked with β-TBECH exposure may result from endocrinological effects as opposed to direct disruption of electrical activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brittany L Stojak
- Department of Microbiology, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | - Rebecca A van Ginkel
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | - Tammy L Ivanco
- Department of Psychology, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | - Gregg T Tomy
- Department of Chemistry, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | - W Mark Fry
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada.
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Zhai J, Geng X, Ding T, Li J, Tang J, Chen D, Cui L, Wang Q. An increase of estrogen receptor α protein level regulates BDE-209-mediated blood-testis barrier disruption during spermatogenesis in F1 mice. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2019; 26:4801-4820. [PMID: 30565106 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-018-3784-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2018] [Accepted: 11/15/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Deca-bromodiphenyl ether (BDE-209) regulates various aspects of spermatogenesis and male fertility through its effect on estrogen receptor α (ERα), but the underlying mechanism remains unclear. Because molecular mechanisms such as remodeling of the blood-testis barrier (BTB) play crucial roles in spermatogenesis, we investigated the disruptive effects of ERα agonists on the BTB in spermatogenesis. In this study, 0, 300, and 500 mg/kg/day of BDE-209 were administered to pregnant adult mice by oral gavage from gestation day 7 to postnatal day 21. SerW3 cells were treated with methylpiperidino pyrazole (MPP) for 30 min before being treated with 50 μg/mL of BDE-209. BDE-209 increases ERα in time- and dose-dependent manners and decreases formin 1 and BTB-associated protein in F1 male mice. Furthermore, BDE-209 impairs the structure and function of the BTB. Activation of ERα signaling could disrupt the BTB, leading to spermatogenesis dysfunction. The results identified the role of ERα in BTB disruption during spermatogenesis and suggested that BTB disruption occurs because of exposure to BDE-209, which could potentially affect spermatogenesis. In conclusion, Sertoli cells seem to be the primary target of BDE-209 in the perinatal period, and this period constitutes a critical window of susceptibility to BDE-209. Also, the SerW3 cell model may not be a particularly useful cell model for studying the function of the cytoskeleton.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinxia Zhai
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Meishan Rd 81, Hefei, 230032, China.
| | - Xiya Geng
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Meishan Rd 81, Hefei, 230032, China
| | - Tao Ding
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Meishan Rd 81, Hefei, 230032, China
| | - Jun Li
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Meishan Rd 81, Hefei, 230032, China
| | - Jing Tang
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Meishan Rd 81, Hefei, 230032, China
| | - Daojun Chen
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Meishan Rd 81, Hefei, 230032, China
| | - Longjiang Cui
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Meishan Rd 81, Hefei, 230032, China
| | - Qizhi Wang
- School of Energy and Environment, Southeast University, Sipailou Rd 2, Nanjing, 210018, China
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Neurotrophins and cholinergic enzyme regulated by calpain-2: New insights into neuronal apoptosis induced by polybrominated diphenyl ether-153. Toxicol Lett 2018; 291:29-38. [DOI: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2018.03.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2017] [Revised: 02/28/2018] [Accepted: 03/31/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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Dingemans MML, Kock M, van den Berg M. Mechanisms of Action Point Towards Combined PBDE/NDL-PCB Risk Assessment. Toxicol Sci 2018; 153:215-24. [PMID: 27672163 DOI: 10.1093/toxsci/kfw129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
At present, human risk assessment of the structurally similar non-dioxin-like (NDL) PCBs and polybrominated diphenylethers (PBDEs) is done independently for both groups of compounds. There are however obvious similarities between NDL-PCBs and PBDEs with regard to modulation of the intracellular calcium homeostasis (basal calcium levels, voltage-gated calcium channels, calcium uptake, ryanodine receptor) and thyroid hormone (TH) homeostasis (TH levels and transport). which are mechanisms of action related to neurobehavioral effects (spontaneous activity, habituation and learning ability). There also similarities in agonistic interactions with the hepatic nuclear receptors PXR and CAR. Several effects on developmental (reproductive) processes have also been observed, but results were more dispersed and insufficient to compare both groups of compounds. The available mechanistic information is sufficient to warrant a dose addition model for NDL-PCBs and PBDEs, including their hydroxylated metabolites.Although many of the observed effects are similar from a qualitative point of view for both groups, congener or tissue specific differences have also been found. As this is a source of uncertainty in the combined hazard and risk assessment of these compounds, molecular entities involved in the observed mechanisms and adverse outcomes associated with these compounds need to be identified. The systematical generation of (quantitative) structure-activity information for NDL-PCBs and PBDEs on these targets (including potential non-additive effects) will allow a more realistic risk estimation associated with combined exposure to both groups of compounds during early life. Additional validation studies are needed to quantify these uncertainties for risk assessment of NDL-PCBs and PBDEs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Milou M L Dingemans
- Institute for Risk Assessment Sciences (IRAS), Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Marjolijn Kock
- Institute for Risk Assessment Sciences (IRAS), Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Martin van den Berg
- Institute for Risk Assessment Sciences (IRAS), Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
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Kofi ED, Kweku AJ, Kweku CS, Godfred E, Paul OF. Levels of Polybrominated Diphenyl Ethers (PBDEs) in Some Ghanaian Water Body Environments. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2018. [DOI: 10.3923/rjes.2018.73.82] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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Xu M, Huang Y, Li K, Cheng X, Li G, Liu M, Nie Y, Geng S, Zhao S. Developmental exposure of decabromodiphenyl ether impairs subventricular zone neurogenesis and morphology of granule cells in mouse olfactory bulb. Arch Toxicol 2017; 92:529-539. [DOI: 10.1007/s00204-017-2059-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2017] [Accepted: 08/31/2017] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Markowski VP, Miller-Rhodes P, Cheung R, Goeke C, Pecoraro V, Cohen G, Small DJ. Motor deficits, impaired response inhibition, and blunted response to methylphenidate following neonatal exposure to decabromodiphenyl ether. Neurotoxicol Teratol 2017; 63:51-59. [PMID: 28764964 DOI: 10.1016/j.ntt.2017.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2017] [Revised: 07/18/2017] [Accepted: 07/27/2017] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Decabromodiphenyl ether (decaBDE) is an applied brominated flame retardant that is widely-used in electronic equipment. After decades of use, decaBDE and other members of its polybrominated diphenyl ether class have become globally-distributed environmental contaminants that can be measured in the atmosphere, water bodies, wildlife, food staples and human breastmilk. Although it has been banned in Europe and voluntarily withdrawn from the U.S. market, it is still used in Asian countries. Evidence from epidemiological and animal studies indicate that decaBDE exposure targets brain development and produces behavioral impairments. The current study examined an array of motor and learning behaviors in a C57BL6/J mouse model to determine the breadth of the developmental neurotoxicity produced by decaBDE. Mouse pups were given a single daily oral dose of 0 or 20mg/kg decaBDE from postnatal day 1 to 21 and were tested in adulthood. Exposed male mice had impaired forelimb grip strength, altered motor output in a circadian wheel-running procedure, increased response errors during an operant differential reinforcement of low rates (DRL) procedure and a blunted response to an acute methylphenidate challenge administered before DRL testing. With the exception of altered wheel-running output, exposed females were not affected. Neither sex had altered somatic growth, motor coordination impairments on the Rotarod, gross learning deficits during operant lever-press acquisition, or impaired food motivation. The overall pattern of effects suggests that males are more sensitive to developmental decaBDE exposure, especially when performing behaviors that require effortful motor output or when learning tasks that require sufficient response inhibition for their successful completion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vincent P Markowski
- Department of Psychology, State University of New York at Geneseo, Geneseo, NY 14454, United States.
| | - Patrick Miller-Rhodes
- Department of Psychology, State University of New York at Geneseo, Geneseo, NY 14454, United States
| | - Randy Cheung
- Department of Psychology, State University of New York at Geneseo, Geneseo, NY 14454, United States
| | - Calla Goeke
- Department of Psychology, State University of New York at Geneseo, Geneseo, NY 14454, United States
| | - Vincent Pecoraro
- Department of Psychology, State University of New York at Geneseo, Geneseo, NY 14454, United States
| | - Gideon Cohen
- Department of Psychology, State University of New York at Geneseo, Geneseo, NY 14454, United States
| | - Deena J Small
- Department of Biochemistry, University of New England, Biddeford, ME 04005, United States
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20
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Fournier K, Baumont E, Glorennec P, Bonvallot N. Relative toxicity for indoor semi volatile organic compounds based on neuronal death. Toxicol Lett 2017; 279:33-42. [PMID: 28709981 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2017.07.875] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2016] [Revised: 07/03/2017] [Accepted: 07/09/2017] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Semi Volatile Organic Compounds (SVOCs) are contaminants commonly found in dwellings as a result of their use as plasticizers, flame retardants, or pesticides in building materials and consumer products. Many SVOCs are suspected of being neurotoxic, based on mammal experimentation (impairment of locomotor activity, spatial learning/memory or behavioral changes), raising the question of cumulative risk assessment. The aim of this work is to estimate the relative toxicity of such SVOCs, based on neuronal death. METHOD SVOCs fulfilling the following conditions were included: detection frequency >10% in dwellings, availability of data on effects or mechanism of action for neurotoxicity, and availability of dose-response relationships based on cell viability assays as a proxy of neuronal death. Benchmark concentration values (BMC) were estimated using a Hill model, and compared to assess relative toxicity. RESULTS Of the 58 SVOCs selected, 28 were suspected of being neurotoxic in mammals, and 21 have been documented as inducing a decrease in cell viability in vitro. 13 have at least one dose-response relationship that can be used to derive a BMC based on a 10% fall in neuronal viability. Based on this in vitro endpoint, PCB-153 appeared to be the most toxic compound, having the lowest BMC10 (0.072μM) and diazinon the least toxic compound, having the highest BMC10 (94.35μM). We showed that experimental designs (in particular choice of cell lines) had a significant influence on BMC calculation. CONCLUSION For the first time, the relative in vitro toxicity of 13 indoor contaminants belonging to different chemical families has been assessed on the basis of neuronal cell viability. Lack of comparable toxicity datasets limits the number of SVOCs that can be included. More standardized protocols in terms of cell lines, species and exposure duration should be developed with a view to cumulative risk assessment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin Fournier
- EHESP School of Public Health, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Avenue du Professeur Léon Bernard, 35043 Rennes Cedex, France; INSERM UMR1085 IRSET (Research Institute in Environmental and Occupational Health), Rennes, France.
| | - Emmanuel Baumont
- EHESP School of Public Health, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Avenue du Professeur Léon Bernard, 35043 Rennes Cedex, France; INSERM UMR1085 IRSET (Research Institute in Environmental and Occupational Health), Rennes, France.
| | - Philippe Glorennec
- EHESP School of Public Health, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Avenue du Professeur Léon Bernard, 35043 Rennes Cedex, France; INSERM UMR1085 IRSET (Research Institute in Environmental and Occupational Health), Rennes, France.
| | - Nathalie Bonvallot
- EHESP School of Public Health, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Avenue du Professeur Léon Bernard, 35043 Rennes Cedex, France; INSERM UMR1085 IRSET (Research Institute in Environmental and Occupational Health), Rennes, France.
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21
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Sarkar D, Singh SK. Maternal exposure to polybrominated diphenyl ether (BDE-209) during lactation affects germ cell survival with altered testicular glucose homeostasis and oxidative status through down-regulation of Cx43 and p27Kip1 in prepubertal mice offspring. Toxicology 2017; 386:103-119. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tox.2017.05.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2017] [Revised: 05/12/2017] [Accepted: 05/27/2017] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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22
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Zhang H, Yolton K, Webster GM, Sjödin A, Calafat AM, Dietrich KN, Xu Y, Xie C, Braun JM, Lanphear BP, Chen A. Prenatal PBDE and PCB Exposures and Reading, Cognition, and Externalizing Behavior in Children. ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH PERSPECTIVES 2017; 125:746-752. [PMID: 27385187 PMCID: PMC5381998 DOI: 10.1289/ehp478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2015] [Revised: 05/21/2016] [Accepted: 06/10/2016] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Prenatal polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) and polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) exposures may influence children's neurodevelopment. OBJECTIVE We examined the association of prenatal PBDE and PCB exposures with children's reading skills at ages 5 and 8 years, Full-Scale Intelligence Quotient (FSIQ), and externalizing behavior problems at age 8 years. METHODS From 239 mother-child pairs recruited (2003-2006) in Cincinnati, Ohio, we measured maternal serum PBDE and PCB concentrations, assessed child's reading skills using the Woodcock-Johnson Tests of Achievement III (WJ-III) at age 5 years and the Wide Range Achievement Test-4 (WRAT-4) at age 8 years, tested FSIQ using the Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children-IV (WISC-IV), and externalizing behavior problems using the Behavioral Assessment System for Children-2 (BASC-2) at age 8 years. We used multiple linear regression to examine the association of prenatal PBDE and PCB concentrations and reading, FSIQ, and externalizing behavior problems after adjusting for covariates. RESULTS An increase of Sum4PBDEs (BDE-47, BDE-99, BDE-100, and BDE-153) by 10 times was not significantly associated with reading scores at age 5 years at the p = 0.05 level but was inversely associated with Reading Composite scores (β: -6.2, 95% CI: -11.7, -0.6) and FSIQ (β: -5.3, 95% CI: -10.6, -0.02) at age 8 years; it was positively associated with the score for externalizing behavior problems (β: 3.5, 95% CI: -0.1, 7.2) at age 8 years. Prenatal Sum4PCBs (PCB-118, -153, -138-158, and -180) was not significantly associated with a child's reading skills, FSIQ, and externalizing behavior problems. CONCLUSION Prenatal PBDE concentration was inversely associated with reading skills and FSIQ and positively associated with externalizing behavior problems at age 8 years. No significant associations were found in prenatal PCB concentration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongmei Zhang
- Department of Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi Province, China
| | - Kimberly Yolton
- Division of General and Community Pediatrics, Department of Pediatrics, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
| | - Glenys M. Webster
- Child and Family Research Institute, BC Children’s and Women’s Hospital and Faculty of Health Sciences, Simon Fraser University, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Andreas Sjödin
- Division of Laboratory Sciences, National Center for Environmental Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Antonia M. Calafat
- Division of Laboratory Sciences, National Center for Environmental Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Kim N. Dietrich
- Department of Environmental Health, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
| | - Yingying Xu
- Division of General and Community Pediatrics, Department of Pediatrics, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
| | - Changchun Xie
- Department of Environmental Health, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
| | - Joseph M. Braun
- Department of Epidemiology, Brown University School of Public Health, Providence, Rhode Island, USA.
| | - Bruce P. Lanphear
- Child and Family Research Institute, BC Children’s and Women’s Hospital and Faculty of Health Sciences, Simon Fraser University, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Aimin Chen
- Department of Environmental Health, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
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Jung YS, Lee J, Seo J, Hwang GS. Metabolite profiling study on the toxicological effects of polybrominated diphenyl ether in a rat model. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY 2017; 32:1262-1272. [PMID: 27442109 DOI: 10.1002/tox.22322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2015] [Revised: 07/03/2016] [Accepted: 07/04/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) are commonly used to retard the combustion of materials such as foam padding, textiles, or plastics, and numerous studies have confirmed the accumulation thereof in the environment and in fish, mammals, and humans. In this study, we used metabolomics to conduct an environmental risk assessment of the PBDE-209. We profiled the urinary metabolites of control and PBDE-treated rats (exposed to PBDE-209) using nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) and mass spectrometry (MS). Global metabolic profiling indicated that the effects of PBDE-209 on the urinary metabolic profile were not significant. However, targeted metabolic profiling revealed progressive effects of PBDE-209 over a 7-day PBDE-209 treatment. Moreover, despite the weak PBDE-209 effects, we observed that choline, acetylcholine, 3-indoxylsulfate, creatinine, urea, and dimethyl sulfone levels were decreased, whereas that of pyruvate was significantly increased. Furthermore, we suggest that the increased pyruvate level and decreased levels of choline, acetylcholine, and uremic toxins were suggestive of endocrine disruption and neurodevelopmental toxicity caused by PBDEs. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Environ Toxicol 32: 1262-1272, 2017.
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Affiliation(s)
- Young-Sang Jung
- Integrated Metabolomics Research Group, Western Seoul Center, Korea Basic Science Institute, Seoul, 120-140, Republic of Korea
| | - Jueun Lee
- Integrated Metabolomics Research Group, Western Seoul Center, Korea Basic Science Institute, Seoul, 120-140, Republic of Korea
- Department of Chemistry, Sungkyunkwan University (SKKU), Suwon, 440-746, Republic of Korea
| | - Jungju Seo
- Mass Spectrometry & Advanced Instrumentation Group, Ochang Headquters, Korea Basic Science Institute, Cheongju, 363-886, Republic of Korea
| | - Geum-Sook Hwang
- Integrated Metabolomics Research Group, Western Seoul Center, Korea Basic Science Institute, Seoul, 120-140, Republic of Korea
- Department of Chemistry & Nanoscience, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, 120-750, Republic of Korea
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Matsubara K, Nakamura N, Sanoh S, Ohta S, Kitamura S, Uramaru N, Miyagawa S, Iguchi T, Fujimoto N. Altered expression of the Olr59, Ethe1, and Slc10a2 genes in the liver of F344 rats by neonatal thyroid hormone disruption. J Appl Toxicol 2017; 37:1030-1035. [PMID: 28299817 DOI: 10.1002/jat.3452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2016] [Revised: 01/12/2017] [Accepted: 01/16/2017] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Many concerns have been expressed regarding the possible adverse effects of thyroid hormone-disrupting chemicals in the environment. The disruption of thyroid hormones in the neonatal period may lead to permanent effects on thyroid hormone homeostasis as well as related developmental disorders, as thyroid hormones are essential for regulating the growth and differentiation of many tissues. To understand the long-term alteration in gene expressions by neonatal administration of thyroid hormone-like chemicals in general, we identified genes whose expression was altered in the liver, an important component of the thyroid hormone axis, by neonatal exposure to triiodothyronine (T3). T3 was administered to male F344 rats on postnatal days 1, 3, and 5 (week 0). At 8 weeks of age, cDNA microarray analysis was used to identify hepatic genes whose expression was altered by neonatal exposure to T3. Among the up-regulated genes that were identified, the expression of Olr59, Ethe1, and Slc10a2 increased specifically in rats neonatally exposed to T3. Interestingly, altered hepatic expression of these genes indeed increased when a hydroxylated polybrominated diphenyl ether (PBDE), OH-BDE42, which is capable of binding to the TR, was given neonatally. Our data demonstrated that neonatal exposure to thyroid hormones could affect the long-term expression of the genes, which could be useful markers for neonatal effects by thyroid hormone-disrupting chemicals. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kana Matsubara
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences / Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Hiroshima University, Japan
| | - Naoki Nakamura
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences / Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Hiroshima University, Japan
| | - Seigo Sanoh
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences / Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Hiroshima University, Japan
| | - Shigeru Ohta
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences / Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Hiroshima University, Japan
| | | | - Naoto Uramaru
- Faculty of Pharmacology, Nihon Pharmaceutical University, Japan
| | - Shinichi Miyagawa
- Okazaki Institute for Integrative Bioscience, National Institute for Basic Biology, National Institutes of Natural Sciences, Japan
| | - Taisen Iguchi
- Okazaki Institute for Integrative Bioscience, National Institute for Basic Biology, National Institutes of Natural Sciences, Japan
| | - Nariaki Fujimoto
- Endocrine Research Group, Department of Disease Model, Research Institute for Radiation Biology and Medicine (RIRBM), Hiroshima University, 1-2-3 Kasumi, Minami-ku, Hiroshima, Hiroshima, 734-8553, Japan
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25
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Li X, Wang C, Wang W, Yue C, Tang Y. Neonatal exposure to BDE 209 impaired learning and memory, decreased expression of hippocampal core SNAREs and synaptophysin in adult rats. Neurotoxicology 2017; 59:40-48. [PMID: 28104350 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuro.2017.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2016] [Revised: 01/10/2017] [Accepted: 01/10/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) are a class of flame retardants. While the mechanism remains unknown, the potential neurotoxic effects of PBDEs remain a relevant issue. In the present study, neonatal Sprague-Dawley rats of both sexes were administered BDE 209 (1, 10, or 20mg/kg body weight) or peanut oil once daily from postnatal day (PND) 5 to PND 10. We examined the spatial learning and memory by Morris water maze and the working and reference memory by eight-arm radial maze in the stage of adulthood. Compared with controls, significantly longer escape latencies and fewer platform-crossings in the Morris water maze were observed in rats exposed to 1, 10, and 20mg/kg BDE 209, and these effects were dose-dependent. Significantly higher working and reference memory error rates in the eight-arm radial maze were also observed in rats exposed to 10 and 20mg/kg BDE 209. Furthermore, we detected the mRNA and protein expressions of hippocampal synaptobrevin 2, syntaxin 1A, Synaptosome Associated Protein 25 (SNAP-25), and synaptophysin using quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) and western blot methods. Compared with controls, the mRNA expressions of synaptobrevin 2, syntaxin 1A, SNAP-25, and synaptophysin were significantly decreased in the hippocampi of rats exposed to 1, 10, and 20 mg/kg BDE 209, and the protein expressions of synaptobrevin 2 and SNAP-25 were significantly decreased in the hippocampi of rats exposed to 10 and 20 mg/kg BDE 209, while syntaxin 1A and synaptophysin were significantly decreased in rats exposed to 1, 10, and 20 mg/kg BDE 209. Alterations that may be involved in the learning and memory deficits induced by BDE 209 reveal the possibility of synapse loss.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiong Li
- Department of Occupational Medicine, School of Public Health, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou City 646000, PR China
| | - Chunmei Wang
- Experimental Teaching Center, School of Public Health, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou City 646000, PR China
| | - Wen Wang
- Department of Public Health, School of Public Health, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou City 646000, PR China
| | - Chengwei Yue
- Department of Prevention Medicine, School of Public Health, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou City 646000, PR China
| | - Yan Tang
- Experimental Teaching Center, School of Public Health, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou City 646000, PR China.
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Stubbings WA, Harrad S. Factors influencing leaching of PBDEs from waste cathode ray tube plastic housings. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2016; 569-570:1004-1012. [PMID: 27436776 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2016.06.107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2016] [Revised: 06/14/2016] [Accepted: 06/15/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Samples of waste cathode ray tube (CRT) plastic housings were exposed to Milli-Q® water containing dissolved humic matter at concentrations of 0, 100 and 1000mgL(-1) as leaching fluid under laboratory conditions, and polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) determined in the resulting leachate. Despite the relatively hydrophobic physicochemical properties of PBDEs, concentrations of ƩPBDEs in the leachate from the leaching experiments in this study ranged from 14,000 to 200,000ngL(-1). PBDE leaching appears to be a second order process, whereby a period of initially intense dissolution of more labile PBDEs is followed by a slower stage corresponding to external diffusion of the soluble residue in the material. The bulk of transfer of PBDEs to the leaching fluid occurs within the first 6h of contact, during which time we suggest that the most labile PBDEs are "washed" off the surface of the CRT plastics. The predominant congeners in the chips were BDE-209 (2600mgkg(-1)) and BDE 183 (220mgkg(-1)). The impacts on PBDE leaching of leachate pH and temperature were also examined. Increasing the temperature of leaching fluids from 20 to 80°C, enhances the leachability of BDE-209 and BDE-99 from plastics. In all cases, the alkaline pH8.5 examined, resulted in the greatest PBDE concentrations in leachate. Agitation of the waste/leachate mixture enhances PBDE leaching from CRT plastics. Potential evidence for debromination of heavy congeners to the lower brominated and more bioavailable BDEs was observed. Specifically, BDEs-47, -85 and -100 were detected in the leachates, but were absent from the CRT plastics themselves.
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Affiliation(s)
- William A Stubbings
- School of Geography, Earth, & Environmental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK.
| | - Stuart Harrad
- School of Geography, Earth, & Environmental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK
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Chen H, Tang X, Zhou B, Xu N, Wang Y. Mechanism of Deca-BDE-induced apoptosis in Neuro-2a cells: Role of death-receptor pathway and reactive oxygen species-mediated mitochondrial pathway. J Environ Sci (China) 2016; 46:241-251. [PMID: 27521956 DOI: 10.1016/j.jes.2016.02.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2015] [Revised: 01/31/2016] [Accepted: 02/04/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Hongmei Chen
- Department of Marine Ecology, College of Marine Life Sciences, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China.
| | - Xuexi Tang
- Department of Marine Ecology, College of Marine Life Sciences, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China
| | - Bin Zhou
- Department of Marine Ecology, College of Marine Life Sciences, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China
| | - Ningning Xu
- Department of Marine Ecology, College of Marine Life Sciences, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China
| | - You Wang
- Department of Marine Ecology, College of Marine Life Sciences, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China.
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Gill S, Hou Y, Li N, Pulido O, Bowers W. Developmental neurotoxicity of polybrominated diphenyl ethers mixture de71 in Sprague-Dawley rats. JOURNAL OF TOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH. PART A 2016; 79:482-93. [PMID: 27294297 DOI: 10.1080/15287394.2016.1182001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDE) are a class of brominated flame retardants that are recognized as global environmental contaminants and a potential adverse health risk. The objective of this study was to evaluate the developmental impacts on rat Sprague-Dawley (SD) pups at postnatal day (PND) 11, 21, 50, 105, and 250 after perinatal exposure to a DE71 mixture. These PNDs corresponded to juveniles, young, and mature adults, respectively. The analysis included histopathological, transcriptional evaluation, and Western blots in both hippocampus and midbrain. There were no marked histopathological changes, but significant transcriptional alterations were observed at PND 21 and 250 in midbrain. These changes occurred in a number of the markers of the cholinergic system, including acetylcholinesterase, muscarinic and nicotinic receptors, and structural gene,s including those of neurofilaments, cell adhesion molecules including N-cadherin and CAMKII, and cytokines. The markers were upregulated at least twofold or greater at PND 21. These biomarkers were predominantly altered in males at low dose (0.3 mg/kg), whereas females were affected only at high concentration (30 mg/kg). At PND 250 both males and females showed downregulation of markers in both intermediate- and high-dose groups. Our results support the findings that in utero and lactational exposure to DE71 mixture leads to transcriptional alterations in midbrain of adult SD rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Santokh Gill
- a Regulatory Toxicology Research Division , Health Products and Foods Branch, Health Canada , Ottawa , Ontario , Canada
| | - Yangxun Hou
- a Regulatory Toxicology Research Division , Health Products and Foods Branch, Health Canada , Ottawa , Ontario , Canada
| | - Nanqin Li
- b Hazard Identification Division , Environmental Health Science and Research Bureau, Health Canada , Ottawa , Ontario , Canada
| | - Olga Pulido
- c Departmental of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine , University of Ottawa , Ottawa , Ontario , Canada
| | - Wayne Bowers
- b Hazard Identification Division , Environmental Health Science and Research Bureau, Health Canada , Ottawa , Ontario , Canada
- d Department of Neuroscience , Carleton University , Ottawa , Ontario , Canada
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Behavioral and thyroid effects of in utero and lactational exposure of Sprague–Dawley rats to the polybrominated diphenyl ether mixture DE71. Neurotoxicol Teratol 2015; 52:127-42. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ntt.2015.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2015] [Revised: 08/07/2015] [Accepted: 08/08/2015] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
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Hendriks HS, Westerink RH. Neurotoxicity and risk assessment of brominated and alternative flame retardants. Neurotoxicol Teratol 2015; 52:248-69. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ntt.2015.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2015] [Revised: 09/01/2015] [Accepted: 09/01/2015] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Noyes PD, Haggard DE, Gonnerman GD, Tanguay RL. Advanced morphological - behavioral test platform reveals neurodevelopmental defects in embryonic zebrafish exposed to comprehensive suite of halogenated and organophosphate flame retardants. Toxicol Sci 2015; 145:177-95. [PMID: 25711236 DOI: 10.1093/toxsci/kfv044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 182] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The increased use of flammable plastics and electronic devices along with stricter fire safety standards has led to the heavy use of flame retardant chemicals in many consumer, commercial, and industrial products. Although flame retardant use has increased, a great deal of uncertainty surrounds their safety with some evidence showing toxicity and risk to human and environmental health. Recent efforts have focused on designing high-throughput biological platforms with nonmammalian models to evaluate and prioritize chemicals with limited hazard information. To complement these efforts, this study used a new morphological and behavioral testing platform with embryonic zebrafish to characterize the developmental toxicity of 44 halogenated and organophosphate flame retardants, including several of their known metabolites. Zebrafish were exposed to flame retardants from 6 to 120 h post fertilization (hpf) across concentrations spanning 4 orders of magnitude (eg, 6.4 nM to 64 µM). Flame retardant effects on survival and development were evaluated at 24 and 120 hpf, and neurobehavioral changes were measured using 2 photomotor response (PMR) assays. Compared to controls, 93% (41/44) of flame retardants studied elicited adverse effects among one or more of the bioassays and concentrations tested with the aryl phosphate ester (APE)-based mono-isopropylated triaryl phosphate and the brominated-bisphenol-A analog tetrabromobisphenol-A producing the greatest array of malformations. Hierarchical clustering showed that APE flame retardants with isopropyl, butyl, and cresyl substituents on phenyl rings clustered tightly and were particularly potent. Both PMR assays were highly predictive of morphological defects supporting their use as nonlethal means of evaluating teratogenicity that could allow for additional evaluations of long-term or delayed effects in older animals. Taken together, evidence presented here indicates that zebrafish neurodevelopment is highly sensitive to many flame retardants currently in use and can be used to understand potential vulnerabilities to human health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pamela D Noyes
- Department of Environmental & Molecular Toxicology, Environmental Health Sciences Center, and the Sinnhuber Aquatic Research Laboratory, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon 97331
| | - Derik E Haggard
- Department of Environmental & Molecular Toxicology, Environmental Health Sciences Center, and the Sinnhuber Aquatic Research Laboratory, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon 97331
| | - Greg D Gonnerman
- Department of Environmental & Molecular Toxicology, Environmental Health Sciences Center, and the Sinnhuber Aquatic Research Laboratory, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon 97331
| | - Robert L Tanguay
- Department of Environmental & Molecular Toxicology, Environmental Health Sciences Center, and the Sinnhuber Aquatic Research Laboratory, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon 97331
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Xu X, Huang H, Wen B, Wang S, Zhang S. Phytotoxicity of Brominated Diphenyl Ether-47 (BDE-47) and Its Hydroxylated and Methoxylated Analogues (6-OH-BDE-47 and 6-MeO-BDE-47) to Maize (Zea mays L.). Chem Res Toxicol 2015; 28:510-7. [DOI: 10.1021/tx500484m] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Xuehui Xu
- State
Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research
Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, P.O. Box 2871, Beijing 100085, China
| | - Honglin Huang
- State
Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research
Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, P.O. Box 2871, Beijing 100085, China
| | - Bei Wen
- State
Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research
Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, P.O. Box 2871, Beijing 100085, China
| | - Sen Wang
- State
Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research
Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, P.O. Box 2871, Beijing 100085, China
- Department
of Environmental Sciences, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Northwest University, Xi’an 710027, China
| | - Shuzhen Zhang
- State
Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research
Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, P.O. Box 2871, Beijing 100085, China
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Man YB, Chow KL, Man M, Lam JCW, Lau FTK, Fung WC, Wong MH. Profiles and removal efficiency of polybrominated diphenyl ethers by two different types of sewage treatment work in Hong Kong. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2015; 505:261-268. [PMID: 25461027 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2014.09.070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2014] [Revised: 09/19/2014] [Accepted: 09/20/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
This study was to investigate removal efficiencies and profiles of 14 polybrominated diphenyl ether (PBDE) congeners by two different types of sewage treatment work (STW) in Hong Kong: Stonecutters Island STW (SCISTW) which uses chemically enhanced primary treatment (CEPT) process and Sha Tin STW (STSTW) which adopts biological treatment. The results indicated that both SCISTW and STSTW had a high total removal efficiency for BDE-47, BDE-99 BDE-209 and total PBDEs (SCISTW: 71.6 ± 15.8, 84.7 ± 12.3, 96.0 ± 2.62 and 87.4 ± 8.02%, respectively; STSTW: 74.8 ± 9.5, 90.7 ± 9.14, 96.2 ± 2.41 and 89.3 ± 2.62%, respectively) and PBDEs were chiefly removed by sorption. However, the profile of PBDEs demonstrated that the relative proportions of BDE-28 and BDE-47 in total PBDEs markedly increased, while that of BDE-209 decreased in the effluent samples of the two sewage treatment works, especially in STSTW. The percentage of BDE-209 in total PBDEs in effluent (49.3%) of SCISTW was 21.2% lower than that in influent (70.5%), and the percentage of BDE-209 in total PBDEs in effluent (13.8%) of STSTW was 34.1% reduced from influent (47.9%). Despite overall removal, the percentage of BDE-47 in total PBDEs in effluent (17.6%) of SCISTW was 6.85% higher than that in influent (10.7%), and the percentage of BDE-47 in total PBDEs in effluent (33.5%) of STSTW was 18.1% increased from influent (16.8%). The increase in proportion of BDE-47 in the effluent might raise environmental and public health concerns. Our study is a first attempt in reporting the PBDE congener profiles in different phases of sewage treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Bon Man
- Consortium on Health, Environment, Education and Research (CHEER), and Department of Science and Environmental Studies, The Hong Kong Institute of Education, Tai Po, Hong Kong, China; State Key Laboratory in Marine Pollution - Croucher Institute for Environmental Sciences, Hong Kong Baptist University and City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Ka Lai Chow
- State Key Laboratory in Marine Pollution - Croucher Institute for Environmental Sciences, Hong Kong Baptist University and City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong, China; Department of Geography, Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Ming Man
- State Key Laboratory in Marine Pollution - Croucher Institute for Environmental Sciences, Hong Kong Baptist University and City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong, China
| | - James Chung Wah Lam
- State Key Laboratory in Marine Pollution and Research Centre for the Oceans and Human Health, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Frankie Tat Kwong Lau
- Drainage Services Department, The Government of the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, Hong Kong, China
| | - Wing Cheong Fung
- Drainage Services Department, The Government of the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, Hong Kong, China
| | - Ming Hung Wong
- Consortium on Health, Environment, Education and Research (CHEER), and Department of Science and Environmental Studies, The Hong Kong Institute of Education, Tai Po, Hong Kong, China; State Key Laboratory in Marine Pollution - Croucher Institute for Environmental Sciences, Hong Kong Baptist University and City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong, China.
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Reverte I, Domingo JL, Colomina MT. Neurodevelopmental effects of decabromodiphenyl ether (BDE-209) in APOE transgenic mice. Neurotoxicol Teratol 2014; 46:10-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ntt.2014.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2014] [Revised: 08/25/2014] [Accepted: 08/26/2014] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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35
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Stubbings WA, Harrad S. Extent and mechanisms of brominated flame retardant emissions from waste soft furnishings and fabrics: A critical review. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2014; 71:164-175. [PMID: 25042535 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2014.06.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2014] [Revised: 06/04/2014] [Accepted: 06/04/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Use of brominated flame retardants (BFRs) in soft furnishings has occurred for over thirty years with the phase out of polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) and hexabromocyclododecane (HBCD) only relatively recently begun. As products treated with BFRs reach the end of their lifecycle they enter the waste stream, thereby constituting an important and increasing reservoir of these chemicals. This review highlights the dearth of data on the extent and potential mechanisms of BFR emissions from waste soft furnishings. However, insights into what may occur are provided by scrutiny of the larger (though still incomplete) database related to BFR emissions from electronic waste (e-waste). In many countries, municipal landfills have historically been the primary disposal method of waste consumer products and therefore represent a substantial reservoir of BFRs. Published data for BFR emissions to both air and water from landfill and other waste disposal routes are collated, presented and reviewed. Reported concentrations of PBDEs in landfill leachate range considerably from <1ngL(-1) to 133,000ngΣPBDEL(-1). In addition to direct migration of BFRs from waste materials; there is evidence that some higher brominated flame retardants are able to undergo degradation and debromination during waste treatment, that in some instances may lead to the formation of more toxic and bioavailable compounds. We propose that waste soft furnishings be treated with the same concern as e-waste, given its potential as a reservoir and source of environmental contamination with BFRs.
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Affiliation(s)
- William A Stubbings
- School of Geography, Earth & Environmental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK.
| | - Stuart Harrad
- School of Geography, Earth & Environmental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK.
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Buratovic S, Viberg H, Fredriksson A, Eriksson P. Developmental exposure to the polybrominated diphenyl ether PBDE 209: Neurobehavioural and neuroprotein analysis in adult male and female mice. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND PHARMACOLOGY 2014; 38:570-85. [PMID: 25194327 DOI: 10.1016/j.etap.2014.08.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2014] [Accepted: 08/13/2014] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs), used as flame retardants in polymer products, are reported to cause developmental neurotoxic effects in mammals. The present study have investigated neurotoxic effects arising from neonatal exposure to PBDE 209, including alterations in sex differences, spontaneous behaviour, learning and memory, neuroproteins and altered susceptibility of the cholinergic system in adults. Three-day-old NMRI mice, of both sexes, were exposed to PBDE 209 (2,2',3,3',4,4',5,5',6,6'-decaBDE at 0, 1.4, 6.0 and 14.0μmol/kg b.w.). At adult age (2-7 months) a similar developmental neurotoxic effects in both male and female mice were seen, including lack of or reduced habituation to a novel home environment, learning and memory defects, modified response to the cholinergic agent's paraoxon (males) and nicotine (females) indicating increased susceptibility of the cholinergic system. The behavioural defects were dose-response related and persistent. In mice of both sexes and showing behavioural defects, neuroprotein tau was increased.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonja Buratovic
- Department of Environmental Toxicology, Uppsala University, Norbyvägen 18A, SE-75236 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Henrik Viberg
- Department of Environmental Toxicology, Uppsala University, Norbyvägen 18A, SE-75236 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Anders Fredriksson
- Department of Environmental Toxicology, Uppsala University, Norbyvägen 18A, SE-75236 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Per Eriksson
- Department of Environmental Toxicology, Uppsala University, Norbyvägen 18A, SE-75236 Uppsala, Sweden.
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Reverte I, Pujol A, Domingo JL, Colomina MT. Thyroid hormones and fear learning but not anxiety are affected in adult apoE transgenic mice exposed postnatally to decabromodiphenyl ether (BDE-209). Physiol Behav 2014; 133:81-91. [DOI: 10.1016/j.physbeh.2014.05.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2014] [Revised: 04/14/2014] [Accepted: 05/14/2014] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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Westerink RHS. Modulation of cell viability, oxidative stress, calcium homeostasis, and voltage- and ligand-gated ion channels as common mechanisms of action of (mixtures of) non-dioxin-like polychlorinated biphenyls and polybrominated diphenyl ethers. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2014; 21:6373-6383. [PMID: 23686757 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-013-1759-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2012] [Accepted: 04/22/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Non-dioxin-like polychlorinated biphenyls (NDL-PCBs) and polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) are environmental pollutants that exert neurodevelopmental and neurobehavioral effects in vivo in humans and animals. Acute in vitro neurotoxic effects include changes in cell viability, oxidative stress, and basal intracellular calcium levels. Though these acute cellular effects could partly explain the observed in vivo effects, other mechanisms, such as effects on calcium influx and neurotransmitter receptor function, likely contribute to the disturbance in neurotransmission. This concise review combines in vitro data on cell viability, oxidative stress and basal calcium levels with recent data that clearly demonstrate that (hydroxylated) PCBs and (hydroxylated) PBDEs can exert acute effects on voltage-gated Ca(2+) channels as well as on excitatory and inhibitory neurotransmitter receptors in vitro. These novel mechanisms of action are shared by NDL-PCBs, OH-PBDEs, and some other persistent organic pollutants, such as tetrabromobisphenol-A, and could have profound effects on neurodevelopment, neurotransmission, and neurobehavior in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Remco H S Westerink
- Neurotoxicology Research Group, Toxicology Division, Institute for Risk Assessment Sciences (IRAS), Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, P.O. Box 80.177, 3508 TD, Utrecht, The Netherlands,
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Abstract
Exposure to polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDE) during sensitive developmental windows can interfere with cognitive function and behavior, which are critical components of neurodevelopment. The association between developmental exposure to PBDEs and neurodevelopment has been extensively studied using animal models. In this review, we focus on the accumulating evidence in humans. Despite methodological, geographical, and temporal differences between studies, the majority of the epidemiologic evidence supports that early life exposure to PBDEs measured during pregnancy and/or during childhood is detrimental to child neurodevelopment in domains related to child behavior, cognition, and motor skills. While the precise mechanism of action of PBDEs on neurodevelopment is unknown, PBDE-induced neurotoxicity via thyroid hormone disruption and direct action of PBDEs on the developing brain have been proposed and tested. Additional studies are suggested to better understand how early life and/or childhood PBDE exposures, including exposure to specific PBDE congeners, impact neurodevelopmental indices.
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Chen YH, Li ZH, Tan Y, Zhang CF, Chen JS, He F, Yu YH, Chen DJ. Prenatal exposure to decabrominated diphenyl ether impairs learning ability by altering neural stem cell viability, apoptosis, and differentiation in rat hippocampus. Hum Exp Toxicol 2014:0960327113509661. [PMID: 24567298 DOI: 10.1177/0960327113509661] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Background:Polybrominated diphenyl ether (PBDE) levels in children and teenagers were higher than those of the adults and the highest levels were found in infants and toddlers. 2,2',3,3',4,4',5,5',6,6'-Decabrominated diphenyl ether (BDE-209) readily crosses the placental barrier and produces toxicity in the developing fetus, particularly to the developing brain.Objectives:This present study aims to investigate the potential effects of prenatal BDE-209 exposure on regulation of neurogenesis and learning function in an experimental rat model.Methods:Pregnant rats received BDE-209 (10, 30, or 50 mg kg-1 day-1) or vehicle (arachis oil) through gastric gavage from gestation day 1 to 14 (n = 10 per group). The embryonic hippocampal neural stem cells (NSCs) from five pregnant rats in each group were collected on day 14 and cultured in vitro to determine the cell viability, apoptosis, and differentiation of NSCs using cell counting kit 8 assay, flow cytometry, and immunofluorescence staining, respectively. In total, 20 male offspring on postnatal day 25 from each group were chosen to evaluate learning ability using a Morris water navigation task assay.Results:The data showed that prenatal exposure to BDE-209 decreased cell viability and differentiation of NSCs but promoted apoptosis in a dose-dependent manner. Prenatal BDE-209 exposure also impaired rat-learning acquisition in a dose-dependent manner.Conclusions:Prenatal BDE-209 exposure impairs rat-learning acquisition, possibly by affecting neurogenesis in the hippocampus during embryonic development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y-H Chen
- 1Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Key Laboratory for Major Obstetric Diseases of Guangdong Province, Guangzhou, China
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Garcia-Reyero N, Escalon BL, Prats E, Stanley JK, Thienpont B, Melby NL, Barón E, Eljarrat E, Barceló D, Mestres J, Babin PJ, Perkins EJ, Raldúa D. Effects of BDE-209 contaminated sediments on zebrafish development and potential implications to human health. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2014; 63:216-23. [PMID: 24317228 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2013.11.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2013] [Revised: 11/06/2013] [Accepted: 11/14/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Polybrominated diphenyl ethers are compounds widely used as flame-retardants, which are of increasing environmental concern due to their persistence, and potential adverse effects. This study had two objectives. First, we assessed if BDE-209 in sediment was bioavailable and bioaccumulated into zebrafish embryos. Secondly, we assessed the potential impact on human and environmental health of bioavailable BDE-209 using human in vitro cell assays and zebrafish embryos. Zebrafish were exposed from 4h to 8days post-fertilization to sediments spiked with 12.5mg/kg of BDE-209. Zebrafish larvae accumulated ten fold more BDE-209 than controls in unspiked sediment after 8days. BDE-209 impacted expression of neurological pathways and altered behavior of larvae, although BDE-209 had no visible affect on thyroid function or motoneuron and neuromast development. Zebrafish data and in silico predictions suggested that BDE-209 would also interact with key human transcription factors and receptors. We therefore tested these predictions using mammalian in vitro assays. BDE-209 activated human aryl hydrocarbon receptor, peroxisome proliferator activating receptors, CF/b-cat, activator protein 1, Oct-MLP, and the estrogen receptor-related alpha (ERRα) receptor in cell-based assays. BDE-209 also inhibited human acetylcholinesterase activity. The observation that BDE-209 can be bioaccumulated from contaminated sediment highlights the need to consider this as a potential environmental exposure route. Once accumulated, our data also show that BDE-209 has the potential to cause impacts on both human and environmental health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natàlia Garcia-Reyero
- Institute for Genomics, Biocomputing and Biotechnology, Mississippi State University, Starkville, MS, USA.
| | - B Lynn Escalon
- Environmental Laboratory, US Army Engineer Research and Development Center, Vicksburg, MS, USA
| | - Eva Prats
- Centro de Investigación y Desarrollo, CID-CSIC, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Jacob K Stanley
- Environmental Laboratory, US Army Engineer Research and Development Center, Vicksburg, MS, USA
| | - Benedicte Thienpont
- Department of Environmental Chemistry, IDAEA-CSIC, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Nicolas L Melby
- Environmental Laboratory, US Army Engineer Research and Development Center, Vicksburg, MS, USA
| | - Enrique Barón
- Department of Environmental Chemistry, IDAEA-CSIC, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Ethel Eljarrat
- Department of Environmental Chemistry, IDAEA-CSIC, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Damià Barceló
- Department of Environmental Chemistry, IDAEA-CSIC, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Jordi Mestres
- Chemotargets, IMIM-Hospital del Mar, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Patrick J Babin
- Maladies Rares: Génétique et Métabolism, Université Bordeaux, Talence, France
| | - Edward J Perkins
- Environmental Laboratory, US Army Engineer Research and Development Center, Vicksburg, MS, USA
| | - Demetrio Raldúa
- Department of Environmental Chemistry, IDAEA-CSIC, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
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43
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Lim YW, Kim HH, Lee CS, Shin DC, Chang YS, Yang JY. Exposure assessment and health risk of poly-brominated diphenyl ether (PBDE) flame retardants in the indoor environment of elementary school students in Korea. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2014; 470-471:1376-1389. [PMID: 24094588 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2013.09.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2013] [Revised: 09/01/2013] [Accepted: 09/03/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
This study assessed the health risks of elementary school students' exposure to PBDEs via different possible pathways in children's facilities. After PBDE contamination was measured, exposure was demonstrated to occur through multiple routes, including inhalation of indoor dust, dermal contact with products' surfaces and children's hands, and incidental dust ingestion. Samples were collected from various children's facilities (30 elementary schools, 31 private academies, 12 living rooms and bedrooms in houses, 5 public libraries of children's literature, and 3 large hypermalls) in summer (Jul-Sep, 2008) and winter (Jan-Feb, 2009). The hazard index (HI) was estimated for non-carcinogens and PBDEs, such as TeBDE, PeBDE, HxBDE, OcBDE, and DeBDE. PBDEs were detected in all floor dust samples, 99% of indoor air samples, 94% of product-wipe samples, and 86% of hand wipe samples. The average levels of PBDEs ranged from 0.19 to 1.06 ng/m(3) in indoor air, 4623 to 6,650 ng/g-dust in floor dust, 0.012 to 0.103 ng/cm(2) on product surfaces, and 7.89 to 25.38 ng/hand on the surface of children's hands. The HI for school children via multimedia and multipathway exposure to PBDEs did not exceed 1.0. The exposure to PBDEs at home (approximately 80%) was dominant. The contribution rates of PBDE risk were 77% and 15% via dust ingestion at home and at elementary school, respectively; thus, intake of floor dust was determined to be the primary route of exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Young-Wook Lim
- The Institute for Environmental Research, College of Medicine, Yonsei University, 250 Seongsan-no, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Ho-Hyun Kim
- The Institute for Environmental Research, College of Medicine, Yonsei University, 250 Seongsan-no, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Chung-Soo Lee
- The Institute for Environmental Research, College of Medicine, Yonsei University, 250 Seongsan-no, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong-Chun Shin
- The Institute for Environmental Research, College of Medicine, Yonsei University, 250 Seongsan-no, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Dept. of Preventive Medicine, College of Medicine, Yonsei University, 250 Seongsan-no, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Yoon-Seok Chang
- Dept. of Environmental Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji-Yeon Yang
- The Institute for Environmental Research, College of Medicine, Yonsei University, 250 Seongsan-no, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
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44
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Letcher RJ, Marteinson SC, Fernie KJ. Dietary exposure of American kestrels (Falco sparverius) to decabromodiphenyl ether (BDE-209) flame retardant: uptake, distribution, debromination and cytochrome P450 enzyme induction. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2014; 63:182-190. [PMID: 24317224 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2013.11.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2013] [Revised: 10/28/2013] [Accepted: 11/13/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Accumulation and evidence of debromination of the flame retardant 2,2',3,3',4,4',5,5',6,6'-decabromodiphenyl ether (BDE-209) have been reported for biota, including raptorial birds, based on PBDE congener residues in tissues and eggs. However, in vivo studies with BDE-209-exposed birds are rare and unknown for a raptorial species. In the present study, males (n=22) of raptorial American kestrels (Falco sparverius) were exposed to 116,000ng of BDE-209 (high purity, >98%; in safflower oil) per day for 21days (~2,436,000ng total BDE-209 exposure over this uptake period), followed by a 25-day depuration period. Control males (n=11) received the safflower vehicle only. In the exposed birds, BDE-209 was quantifiable in all plasma (end of uptake and depuration period) as well as liver and fat (end of depuration only) samples. The mean (±SE) BDE-209 level in plasma was 1474±1145ng/g wet weight (ww) at the end of the uptake period, and was significantly (p<0.001) lower (88%) at 174±148ng/g ww after the 25day depuration period. This equates to a mean reduction rate of 52ng/g ww per day and a rough estimation of the BDE-209 half-life in plasma of approximately 14days. The mean (±SE) BDE-209 levels were 4668±6192ng/g ww in the fat, and 338±311ng/g ww in the liver, of exposed individuals, which were significantly (p≤0.001) greater than mean concentrations (25±20 in fat and 2.6±0.9ng/g ww in liver) in the control birds. In addition to BDE-209, lower brominated PBDE congeners, and mainly meta- and para-debromination products of BDE-209 were also quantified in plasma, liver and/or fat. We estimated based on the dose that at least 80% of the non-BDE-209 concentration in the kestrel tissues and plasma must be derived from BDE-209 debromination by the kestrels. Where quantifiable, lower brominated PBDE concentrations were significantly (0.023>p>0.001) higher in the exposed relative to the control bird samples (except for BDE-154 and -153 in fat). Additional PBDE congeners found in plasma included nona-BDEs (208, 207 and 206), followed by octa-BDEs (197, 196, 201 and 203), and in liver and/or fat, the hepta-BDEs 180 and 183 and BDE-153. Higher hepatic EROD activity (cytochrome P450 1A1 monooxygenase-mediation) in the exposed birds compared to control birds was strongly suggested to be PBDE-induced, and was consistent with BDE-209 and congener metabolism in the exposed kestrels. The mean EROD activity rate was 36.1pmol/min/mg protein relative to the (n=4) control birds whose activity was just above the detection limit (10.3pmol/min/mg protein). Overall, the results demonstrated that following diet exposure of kestrels to high purity BDE-209, uptake occurred as well as BDE-209 degradation via debromination to lower brominated PBDE congeners.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert J Letcher
- Ecotoxicology and Wildlife Health Division, Science and Technology Branch, Environment Canada, Ottawa, Ontario K1A 0H3, Canada.
| | - Sarah C Marteinson
- Avian Science and Conservation Centre, Department of Natural Resource Sciences, McGill University, Ste-Anne-de-Bellevue, Quebec, Canada
| | - Kim J Fernie
- Avian Science and Conservation Centre, Department of Natural Resource Sciences, McGill University, Ste-Anne-de-Bellevue, Quebec, Canada; Ecotoxicology & Wildlife Health Division, Science & Technology Branch, Environment Canada, Burlington, Ontario, Canada
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45
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Brominated Flame Retardants and Their Replacements in Food Packaging and Household Products: Uses, Human Exposure, and Health Effects. MOLECULAR AND INTEGRATIVE TOXICOLOGY 2014. [DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4471-6500-2_3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
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46
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Zhao J, Xu T, Yin DQ. Locomotor activity changes on zebrafish larvae with different 2,2',4,4'-tetrabromodiphenyl ether (PBDE-47) embryonic exposure modes. CHEMOSPHERE 2014; 94:53-61. [PMID: 24080000 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2013.09.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2012] [Revised: 08/22/2013] [Accepted: 09/02/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) are widely used flame retardants and are banned around the world as potent environmental contaminants. PBDE-47 is the most concerned PBDE with its environmental prevalence and various toxicity characteristics including neurotoxicity. In this paper, we studied larval zebrafish behavioral alterations caused by PBDE-47 neurotoxicity. The light-dark cycle stimulation was used to investigate the locomotor changes of zebrafish larvae at different ages (4-6 day post-fertilization, dpf) after PBDE-47 exposure (5, 50, 500 μg L(-1)). Three exposure modes, namely continuous exposure, early pulse exposure and interval exposure, were adopted to assess and compare the impacts of exposure modes on larval zebrafish locomotion. Our results showed that locomotor effects upon PBDE exposure depended on the specific exposure mode studied. In the early pulse exposure mode, the locomotion of zebrafish larvae did not change significantly at all PBDE-47 concentrations tested. In contrast, for both the continuous exposure and interval exposure modes, the highest dose of PBDE-47 (500 μg L(-1)) elicited pronounced hypoactivity at 5 dpf during dark periods except for the initial one. However, at 6 dpf, hypoactivity was only observed in the continuously exposed zebrafish larvae (to an even higher degree compared to 5 dpf), but not in the interval exposure treatment group. Our results suggested that the conventional, continuous exposure mode might not be enough to evaluate the toxicity of chemicals in the real environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Yangtze River Water Environment, Ministry of Education, College of Environmental Science and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
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47
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Reverte I, Klein AB, Domingo JL, Colomina MT. Long term effects of murine postnatal exposure to decabromodiphenyl ether (BDE-209) on learning and memory are dependent upon APOE polymorphism and age. Neurotoxicol Teratol 2013; 40:17-27. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ntt.2013.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2013] [Revised: 08/10/2013] [Accepted: 08/22/2013] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
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48
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Lee I, Viberg H. A single neonatal exposure to perfluorohexane sulfonate (PFHxS) affects the levels of important neuroproteins in the developing mouse brain. Neurotoxicology 2013; 37:190-6. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuro.2013.05.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2013] [Revised: 05/02/2013] [Accepted: 05/02/2013] [Indexed: 12/09/2022]
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49
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Perinatal exposure to BDE-99 causes learning disorders and decreases serum thyroid hormone levels and BDNF gene expression in hippocampus in rat offspring. Toxicology 2013; 308:122-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tox.2013.03.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2013] [Revised: 03/25/2013] [Accepted: 03/25/2013] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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50
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Dong W, Macaulay L, Kwok KWH, Hinton DE, Stapleton HM. Using whole mount in situ hybridization to examine thyroid hormone deiodinase expression in embryonic and larval zebrafish: a tool for examining OH-BDE toxicity to early life stages. AQUATIC TOXICOLOGY (AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS) 2013; 132-133:190-9. [PMID: 23531416 PMCID: PMC3642849 DOI: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2013.02.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2012] [Revised: 02/11/2013] [Accepted: 02/13/2013] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) and their oxidative metabolites (hydroxylated PBDEs; OH-BDEs) are known endocrine disrupting contaminants that have been shown to disrupt thyroid hormone regulation both in mammals and in fish. The purpose of this study was to determine the precise organ and tissue locations that express genes critical to thyroid hormone regulation in developing zebrafish (Danio rerio), and to determine the effects of an OH-BDE on their expression. While RT-PCR can provide quantitative data on gene expression, it lacks spatial sensitivity to examine localized gene expression; and, isolation of organs from zebrafish embryos is technically difficult, if not impossible. For this reason, the present study used whole mount in situ hybridization to simultaneously localize and quantify gene expression in vivo. While PBDEs and OH-BDEs have been shown to inhibit the activity and expression of deiodionases, a family of enzymes that regulate thyroid hormone concentrations intracellularly, it is unclear whether or not they can affect regional expression of the different isoforms during early development. In this study we investigated deiodinase 1 (Dio1), deiodinase 2 (Dio2), and deiodinase 3 (Dio3) mRNA expression at the following life stages (2, 8, and 1k-cells; 50%-epiboly, 6 and 18-somites, 22, 24, 48, 72 hpf and/or 10 dpf) in zebrafish and found life stage specific expression of these genes that were highly localized. To demonstrate the use of this technique for investigating potential endocrine disrupting effects, zebrafish embryos were exposed to 1, 10 and 100nM 6-OH-BDE-47. Significant increases in mean intensity of Dio1 and Dio3 expression in the periventricular zone of brain and pronephric duct, respectively (quantified by measuring intensity of coloration using ImageJ analysis software) were observed, suggesting localized response at the HPT axis with the possibility of impacting neurodevelopment. Our results demonstrate effects of OH-BDEs on thyroid regulating gene expression and provide more insight into potential sites of injury during early life stages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wu Dong
- To whom correspondence should be addressed. Heather Stapleton, Phone: 919-613-8717, Fax: (919) 684-8741.
| | | | | | | | - Heather M. Stapleton
- To whom correspondence should be addressed. Heather Stapleton, Phone: 919-613-8717, Fax: (919) 684-8741.
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