1
|
Fazio A, Neri I, Koufi FD, Marvi MV, Galvani A, Evangelisti C, McCubrey JA, Cocco L, Manzoli L, Ratti S. Signaling Role of Pericytes in Vascular Health and Tissue Homeostasis. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:6592. [PMID: 38928298 PMCID: PMC11203602 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25126592] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2024] [Revised: 06/07/2024] [Accepted: 06/10/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Pericytes are multipotent cells embedded within the vascular system, primarily surrounding capillaries and microvessels where they closely interact with endothelial cells. These cells are known for their intriguing properties due to their heterogeneity in tissue distribution, origin, and multifunctional capabilities. Specifically, pericytes are essential in regulating blood flow, promoting angiogenesis, and supporting tissue homeostasis and regeneration. These multifaceted roles draw on pericytes' remarkable ability to respond to biochemical cues, interact with neighboring cells, and adapt to changing environmental conditions. This review aims to summarize existing knowledge on pericytes, emphasizing their versatility and involvement in vascular integrity and tissue health. In particular, a comprehensive view of the major signaling pathways, such as PDGFβ/ PDGFRβ, TGF-β, FOXO and VEGF, along with their downstream targets, which coordinate the behavior of pericytes in preserving vascular integrity and promoting tissue regeneration, will be discussed. In this light, a deeper understanding of the complex signaling networks defining the phenotype of pericytes in healthy tissues is crucial for the development of targeted therapies in vascular and degenerative diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Antonietta Fazio
- Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, University of Bologna, Via Irnerio 48, 40126 Bologna, Italy; (A.F.); (I.N.); (F.-D.K.); (M.V.M.); (A.G.); (C.E.); (L.C.); (L.M.)
| | - Irene Neri
- Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, University of Bologna, Via Irnerio 48, 40126 Bologna, Italy; (A.F.); (I.N.); (F.-D.K.); (M.V.M.); (A.G.); (C.E.); (L.C.); (L.M.)
| | - Foteini-Dionysia Koufi
- Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, University of Bologna, Via Irnerio 48, 40126 Bologna, Italy; (A.F.); (I.N.); (F.-D.K.); (M.V.M.); (A.G.); (C.E.); (L.C.); (L.M.)
| | - Maria Vittoria Marvi
- Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, University of Bologna, Via Irnerio 48, 40126 Bologna, Italy; (A.F.); (I.N.); (F.-D.K.); (M.V.M.); (A.G.); (C.E.); (L.C.); (L.M.)
| | - Andrea Galvani
- Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, University of Bologna, Via Irnerio 48, 40126 Bologna, Italy; (A.F.); (I.N.); (F.-D.K.); (M.V.M.); (A.G.); (C.E.); (L.C.); (L.M.)
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, University of Urbino “Carlo Bo”, 61029 Urbino, Italy
| | - Camilla Evangelisti
- Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, University of Bologna, Via Irnerio 48, 40126 Bologna, Italy; (A.F.); (I.N.); (F.-D.K.); (M.V.M.); (A.G.); (C.E.); (L.C.); (L.M.)
| | - James A. McCubrey
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Brody School of Medicine, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC 27834, USA;
| | - Lucio Cocco
- Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, University of Bologna, Via Irnerio 48, 40126 Bologna, Italy; (A.F.); (I.N.); (F.-D.K.); (M.V.M.); (A.G.); (C.E.); (L.C.); (L.M.)
| | - Lucia Manzoli
- Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, University of Bologna, Via Irnerio 48, 40126 Bologna, Italy; (A.F.); (I.N.); (F.-D.K.); (M.V.M.); (A.G.); (C.E.); (L.C.); (L.M.)
| | - Stefano Ratti
- Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, University of Bologna, Via Irnerio 48, 40126 Bologna, Italy; (A.F.); (I.N.); (F.-D.K.); (M.V.M.); (A.G.); (C.E.); (L.C.); (L.M.)
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Gutierrez J, Bos D, Turan TN, Hoh B, Hilal S, Arenillas JF, Schneider JA, Chimowitz I M, Morgello S. Pathology-based brain arterial disease phenotypes and their radiographic correlates. J Stroke Cerebrovasc Dis 2024; 33:107642. [PMID: 38395095 DOI: 10.1016/j.jstrokecerebrovasdis.2024.107642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2023] [Revised: 02/12/2024] [Accepted: 02/18/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Brain arterial diseases, including atherosclerosis, vasculitis, and dissections, are major contributors to cerebrovascular morbidity and mortality worldwide. These diseases not only increase the risk of stroke but also play a significant role in neurodegeneration and dementia. Clear and unambiguous terminology and classification of brain arterial disease phenotypes is crucial for research and clinical practice. MATERIAL AND METHODS This review aims to summarize and harmonize the terminology used for brain large and small arterial phenotypes based on pathology studies and relate them to imaging phenotypes used in medical research and clinical practice. CONCLUSIONS AND RESULTS Arteriosclerosis refers to hardening of the arteries but does not specify the underlying etiology. Specific terms such as atherosclerosis, calcification, or non-atherosclerotic fibroplasia are preferred. Atherosclerosis is defined pathologically by an atheroma. Other brain arterial pathologies occur and should be distinguished from atherosclerosis given therapeutic implications. On brain imaging, intracranial arterial luminal stenosis is usually attributed to atherosclerosis in the presence of atherosclerotic risk factors but advanced high-resolution arterial wall imaging has the potential to more accurately identify the underlying pathology. Regarding small vessel disease, arteriosclerosis is ambiguous and arteriolosclerosis is often used to denote the involvement of arterioles rather than arteries. Lipohyalinosis is sometimes used synonymously with arteriolosclerosis, but less accurately describes this common small vessel thickening which uncommonly shows lipid. Specific measures of small vessel wall thickness, the relationship to the lumen as well as changes in the layer composition might convey objective, measurable data regarding the status of brain small vessels.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jose Gutierrez
- Department of Neurology, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, 710 W 168th Street, 6th floor, Suite 639, New York, NY 10032, United States.
| | - Daniel Bos
- Department of Epidemiology, ErasmusMC, Dr. Molewaterplein 40, 3015 GD Rotterdam, Room NA-2710,Postbus 2040, Rotterdam 3000, the Netherlands; Department of Radiology & Nuclear Medicine and Epidemiology, ErasmusMC, Rotterdam, the Netherlands.
| | - Tanya N Turan
- Department of Neurology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, United States
| | - Brian Hoh
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Florida, Gainsville, FL, United States
| | - Saima Hilal
- Memory Aging and Cognition Center, National University Health System, Singapore; Department of Pharmacology, National University of Singapore, Singapore; Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, National University of Singapore and National University Health System, Singapore
| | - Juan F Arenillas
- Department of Neurology, Hospital Clínico Universitario, Valladolid; Department of Medicine, University of Valladolid, Spain
| | - Julie A Schneider
- Departments of Pathology and Neurological Sciences, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Marc Chimowitz I
- Department of Neurology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, United States
| | - Susan Morgello
- Departments of Neurology, Neuroscience, and Pathology, Mount Sinai Medical Center, New York, NY, United States
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Zhang YY, Li JZ, Xie HQ, Jin YX, Wang WT, Zhao B, Jia JM. High-resolution vasomotion analysis reveals novel arteriole physiological features and progressive modulation of cerebral vascular networks by stroke. J Cereb Blood Flow Metab 2024:271678X241258576. [PMID: 38820436 DOI: 10.1177/0271678x241258576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2024]
Abstract
Spontaneous cerebral vasomotion, characterized by ∼0.1 Hz rhythmic contractility, is crucial for brain homeostasis. However, our understanding of vasomotion is limited due to a lack of high-precision analytical methods to determine single vasomotion events at basal levels. Here, we developed a novel strategy that integrates a baseline smoothing algorithm, allowing precise measurements of vasodynamics and concomitant Ca2+ dynamics in mouse cerebral vasculature imaged by two-photon microscopy. We identified several previously unrecognized vasomotion properties under different physiological and pathological conditions, especially in ischemic stroke, which is a highly harmful brain disease that results from vessel occlusion. First, the dynamic characteristics between SMCs Ca2+ and corresponding arteriolar vasomotion are correlated. Second, compared to previous diameter-based estimations, our radius-based measurements reveal anisotropic vascular movements, enabling a more precise determination of the latency between smooth muscle cell (SMC) Ca2+ activity and vasoconstriction. Third, we characterized single vasomotion event kinetics at scales of less than 4 seconds. Finally, following pathological vasoconstrictions induced by ischemic stroke, vasoactive arterioles entered an inert state and persisted despite recanalization. In summary, we developed a highly accurate technique for analyzing spontaneous vasomotion, and our data suggested a potential strategy to reduce stroke damage by promoting vasomotion recovery.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Yi Zhang
- College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
- Key Laboratory of Growth Regulation and Translation Research of Zhejiang Province, School of Life Sciences, Westlake University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jin-Ze Li
- Key Laboratory of Growth Regulation and Translation Research of Zhejiang Province, School of Life Sciences, Westlake University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Hui-Qi Xie
- Key Laboratory of Growth Regulation and Translation Research of Zhejiang Province, School of Life Sciences, Westlake University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yu-Xiao Jin
- Key Laboratory of Growth Regulation and Translation Research of Zhejiang Province, School of Life Sciences, Westlake University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Wen-Tao Wang
- Key Laboratory of Growth Regulation and Translation Research of Zhejiang Province, School of Life Sciences, Westlake University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Bingrui Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Growth Regulation and Translation Research of Zhejiang Province, School of Life Sciences, Westlake University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jie-Min Jia
- Key Laboratory of Growth Regulation and Translation Research of Zhejiang Province, School of Life Sciences, Westlake University, Hangzhou, China
- Laboratory of Neurovascular Biology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Westlake Institute for Advanced Study, Hangzhou, China
- Westlake Laboratory of Life Sciences and Biomedicine, Hangzhou, China
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Broggini T, Duckworth J, Ji X, Liu R, Xia X, Mächler P, Shaked I, Munting LP, Iyengar S, Kotlikoff M, van Veluw SJ, Vergassola M, Mishne G, Kleinfeld D. Long-wavelength traveling waves of vasomotion modulate the perfusion of cortex. Neuron 2024:S0896-6273(24)00324-6. [PMID: 38781972 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuron.2024.04.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2023] [Revised: 03/28/2024] [Accepted: 04/30/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024]
Abstract
Brain arterioles are active, multicellular complexes whose diameters oscillate at ∼ 0.1 Hz. We assess the physiological impact and spatiotemporal dynamics of vaso-oscillations in the awake mouse. First, vaso-oscillations in penetrating arterioles, which source blood from pial arterioles to the capillary bed, profoundly impact perfusion throughout neocortex. The modulation in flux during resting-state activity exceeds that of stimulus-induced activity. Second, the change in perfusion through arterioles relative to the change in their diameter is weak. This implies that the capillary bed dominates the hydrodynamic resistance of brain vasculature. Lastly, the phase of vaso-oscillations evolves slowly along arterioles, with a wavelength that exceeds the span of the cortical mantle and sufficient variability to establish functional cortical areas as parcels of uniform phase. The phase-gradient supports traveling waves in either direction along both pial and penetrating arterioles. This implies that waves along penetrating arterioles can mix, but not directionally transport, interstitial fluids.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Broggini
- Department of Physics, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA; Goethe University Frankfurt, Department of Neurosurgery, 60528 Frankfurt am Main, Germany; Frankfurt Cancer Institute, Goethe University Frankfurt, 60528 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Jacob Duckworth
- Department of Physics, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Xiang Ji
- Department of Physics, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Rui Liu
- Department of Physics, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Xinyue Xia
- Halıcıoğlu Data Science Institute, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Philipp Mächler
- Department of Physics, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Iftach Shaked
- Department of Physics, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Leon Paul Munting
- Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Satish Iyengar
- Department of Statistics, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15260, USA
| | - Michael Kotlikoff
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
| | - Susanne J van Veluw
- Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | | | - Gal Mishne
- Halıcıoğlu Data Science Institute, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - David Kleinfeld
- Department of Physics, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA; Department of Neurobiology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Zhang X, Pei J, Xue L, Zhao Z, Xu R, Zhang C, Zhang C, Fu L, Zhang X, Cui L. An-Gong-Niu-Huang-Wan (AGNHW) regulates cerebral blood flow by improving hypoperfusion, cerebrovascular reactivity and microcirculation disturbances after stroke. Chin Med 2024; 19:73. [PMID: 38778375 PMCID: PMC11112936 DOI: 10.1186/s13020-024-00945-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2024] [Accepted: 05/15/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The restoration of cerebrovascular regulation and improvement of cerebral blood flow in ischaemic regions are crucial for improving the clinical prognosis after stroke. An-Gong-Niu-Huang-Wan (AGNHW) is a famous traditional compound Chinese medicine that has been used for over 220 years to treat acute ischaemic stroke; however, its role in the regulation of cerebral blood flow is still unclear. The aim of the present study was to investigate the regulatory effect of AGNHW on cerebral blood flow and microcirculation after ischaemic stroke and to elucidate the underlying mechanisms involved. METHODS Male C57BL/6 mice were subjected to distal middle cerebral artery occlusion (dMCAO) and randomly assigned to the sham, MCAO, or AGNHW groups. AGNHW was administered intragastrically 1 h after dMCAO. The rotarod test was utilized to evaluate behavioural function; TTC was used to determine the infarct volume; and ischaemic injury was assessed by detecting brain levels of SOD, MDA and NO. Then, cortical perfusion and acetazolamide-induced cerebrovascular reactivity were assessed using laser speckle contrast imaging, and the velocity and flux of red blood cells in cortical capillaries were detected using two-photon laser scanning microscopy. In addition, we employed RNA-Seq to identify variations in gene expression profiles and assessed endothelium-dependent changes in microcirculatory dysfunction by measuring vasoactive mediator levels. RESULTS AGNHW significantly increased cerebral blood flow, reduced the infarct volume, and promoted functional recovery after cerebral ischaemia. AGNHW increased the velocity and flux of red blood cells in capillaries and improved cerebrovascular reactivity in the ischaemic cortex. Furthermore, AGNHW regulated endothelium-dependent microcirculation, as evidenced by decreases in the expression of endothelins (Edn1, Edn3 and Ednrb) and the ratios of brain and serum TXB2/6-keto-PGF1α and ET-1/CGRP. CONCLUSIONS AGNHW improved cerebral hypoperfusion, regulated cerebrovascular reactivity and attenuated microcirculatory dysfunction within the ischaemic cortex after stroke. This outstanding effect was achieved by modulating the expression of genes related to vascular endothelial cell function and regulating endothelium-dependent vasoactive mediators.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Zhang
- Department of Neurology, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, 050000, Hebei, China
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Vascular Homeostasis and Hebei Collaborative Innovation Center for Cardio-cerebrovascular Disease, Shijiazhuang, 050000, China
| | - Jiamin Pei
- School of Electrical Engineering, Yanshan University, Qinhuangdao, 066004, China
| | - Luping Xue
- Department of Neurology, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, 050000, Hebei, China
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Vascular Homeostasis and Hebei Collaborative Innovation Center for Cardio-cerebrovascular Disease, Shijiazhuang, 050000, China
| | - Zhe Zhao
- School of Electrical Engineering, Yanshan University, Qinhuangdao, 066004, China
| | - Renhao Xu
- Department of Neurology, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, 050000, Hebei, China
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Vascular Homeostasis and Hebei Collaborative Innovation Center for Cardio-cerebrovascular Disease, Shijiazhuang, 050000, China
| | - Cong Zhang
- Department of Neurology, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, 050000, Hebei, China
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Vascular Homeostasis and Hebei Collaborative Innovation Center for Cardio-cerebrovascular Disease, Shijiazhuang, 050000, China
| | - Cong Zhang
- Department of Medical Service, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, 050000, Hebei, China
| | - Lijie Fu
- Beijing Ruiweisi Pharmaceutical Technology Co., Ltd, Beijing, 100000, China
| | - Xiangjian Zhang
- Department of Neurology, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, 050000, Hebei, China.
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Vascular Homeostasis and Hebei Collaborative Innovation Center for Cardio-cerebrovascular Disease, Shijiazhuang, 050000, China.
| | - Lili Cui
- Department of Neurology, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, 050000, Hebei, China.
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Vascular Homeostasis and Hebei Collaborative Innovation Center for Cardio-cerebrovascular Disease, Shijiazhuang, 050000, China.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Dupré N, Drieu A, Joutel A. Pathophysiology of cerebral small vessel disease: a journey through recent discoveries. J Clin Invest 2024; 134:e172841. [PMID: 38747292 PMCID: PMC11093606 DOI: 10.1172/jci172841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/19/2024] Open
Abstract
Cerebral small vessel disease (cSVD) encompasses a heterogeneous group of age-related small vessel pathologies that affect multiple regions. Disease manifestations range from lesions incidentally detected on neuroimaging (white matter hyperintensities, small deep infarcts, microbleeds, or enlarged perivascular spaces) to severe disability and cognitive impairment. cSVD accounts for approximately 25% of ischemic strokes and the vast majority of spontaneous intracerebral hemorrhage and is also the most important vascular contributor to dementia. Despite its high prevalence and potentially long therapeutic window, there are still no mechanism-based treatments. Here, we provide an overview of the recent advances in this field. We summarize recent data highlighting the remarkable continuum between monogenic and multifactorial cSVDs involving NOTCH3, HTRA1, and COL4A1/A2 genes. Taking a vessel-centric view, we discuss possible cause-and-effect relationships between risk factors, structural and functional vessel changes, and disease manifestations, underscoring some major knowledge gaps. Although endothelial dysfunction is rightly considered a central feature of cSVD, the contributions of smooth muscle cells, pericytes, and other perivascular cells warrant continued investigation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nicolas Dupré
- Université Paris Cité, Institute of Psychiatry and Neuroscience of Paris (IPNP), INSERM U1266, Paris, France
| | - Antoine Drieu
- Université Paris Cité, Institute of Psychiatry and Neuroscience of Paris (IPNP), INSERM U1266, Paris, France
| | - Anne Joutel
- Université Paris Cité, Institute of Psychiatry and Neuroscience of Paris (IPNP), INSERM U1266, Paris, France
- GHU-Paris Psychiatrie et Neurosciences, Hôpital Sainte Anne, Paris, France
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Lénárt N, Cserép C, Császár E, Pósfai B, Dénes Á. Microglia-neuron-vascular interactions in ischemia. Glia 2024; 72:833-856. [PMID: 37964690 DOI: 10.1002/glia.24487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2023] [Revised: 10/24/2023] [Accepted: 10/24/2023] [Indexed: 11/16/2023]
Abstract
Cerebral ischemia is a devastating condition that results in impaired blood flow in the brain leading to acute brain injury. As the most common form of stroke, occlusion of cerebral arteries leads to a characteristic sequence of pathophysiological changes in the brain tissue. The mechanisms involved, and comorbidities that determine outcome after an ischemic event appear to be highly heterogeneous. On their own, the processes leading to neuronal injury in the absence of sufficient blood supply to meet the metabolic demand of the cells are complex and manifest at different temporal and spatial scales. While the contribution of non-neuronal cells to stroke pathophysiology is increasingly recognized, recent data show that microglia, the main immune cells of the central nervous system parenchyma, play previously unrecognized roles in basic physiological processes beyond their inflammatory functions, which markedly change during ischemic conditions. In this review, we aim to discuss some of the known microglia-neuron-vascular interactions assumed to contribute to the acute and delayed pathologies after cerebral ischemia. Because the mechanisms of neuronal injury have been extensively discussed in several excellent previous reviews, here we focus on some recently explored pathways that may directly or indirectly shape neuronal injury through microglia-related actions. These discoveries suggest that modulating gliovascular processes in different forms of stroke and other neurological disorders might have presently unexplored therapeutic potential in combination with neuroprotective and flow restoration strategies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nikolett Lénárt
- Momentum Laboratory of Neuroimmunology, Institute of Experimental Medicine, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Csaba Cserép
- Momentum Laboratory of Neuroimmunology, Institute of Experimental Medicine, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Eszter Császár
- Momentum Laboratory of Neuroimmunology, Institute of Experimental Medicine, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Balázs Pósfai
- Momentum Laboratory of Neuroimmunology, Institute of Experimental Medicine, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Ádám Dénes
- Momentum Laboratory of Neuroimmunology, Institute of Experimental Medicine, Budapest, Hungary
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Kozberg MG, Munting LP, Maresco LH, Auger CA, van den Berg ML, Denis de Senneville B, Hirschler L, Warnking JM, Barbier EL, Farrar CT, Greenberg SM, Bacskai BJ, van Veluw SJ. Loss of spontaneous vasomotion precedes impaired cerebrovascular reactivity and microbleeds in a mouse model of cerebral amyloid angiopathy. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.04.26.591414. [PMID: 38746419 PMCID: PMC11092483 DOI: 10.1101/2024.04.26.591414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/16/2024]
Abstract
Background Cerebral amyloid angiopathy (CAA) is a cerebral small vessel disease in which amyloid-β accumulates in vessel walls. CAA is a leading cause of symptomatic lobar intracerebral hemorrhage and an important contributor to age-related cognitive decline. Recent work has suggested that vascular dysfunction may precede symptomatic stages of CAA, and that spontaneous slow oscillations in arteriolar diameter (termed vasomotion), important for amyloid-β clearance, may be impaired in CAA. Methods To systematically study the progression of vascular dysfunction in CAA, we used the APP23 mouse model of amyloidosis, which is known to develop spontaneous cerebral microbleeds mimicking human CAA. Using in vivo 2-photon microscopy, we longitudinally imaged unanesthetized APP23 transgenic mice and wildtype littermates from 7 to 14 months of age, tracking amyloid-β accumulation and vasomotion in individual pial arterioles over time. MRI was used in separate groups of 12-, 18-, and 24-month-old APP23 transgenic mice and wildtype littermates to detect microbleeds and to assess cerebral blood flow and cerebrovascular reactivity with pseudo-continuous arterial spin labeling. Results We observed a significant decline in vasomotion with age in APP23 mice, while vasomotion remained unchanged in wildtype mice with age. This decline corresponded in timing to initial vascular amyloid-β deposition (∼8-10 months of age), although was more strongly correlated with age than with vascular amyloid-β burden in individual arterioles. Declines in vasomotion preceded the development of MRI-visible microbleeds and the loss of smooth muscle actin in arterioles, both of which were observed in APP23 mice by 18 months of age. Additionally, evoked cerebrovascular reactivity was intact in APP23 mice at 12 months of age, but significantly lower in APP23 mice by 24 months of age. Conclusions Our findings suggest that a decline in spontaneous vasomotion is an early, potentially pre-symptomatic, manifestation of CAA and vascular dysfunction, and a possible future treatment target.
Collapse
|
9
|
Ruff CF, Juarez Anaya F, Dienel SJ, Rakymzhan A, Altamirano-Espinoza A, Couey JJ, Fukuda M, Watson AM, Su A, Fish KN, Rubio ME, Hooks BM, Ross SE, Vazquez AL. Long-range inhibitory neurons mediate cortical neurovascular coupling. Cell Rep 2024; 43:113970. [PMID: 38512868 PMCID: PMC11168451 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2024.113970] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2023] [Revised: 12/29/2023] [Accepted: 02/29/2024] [Indexed: 03/23/2024] Open
Abstract
To meet the high energy demands of brain function, cerebral blood flow (CBF) parallels changes in neuronal activity by a mechanism known as neurovascular coupling (NVC). However, which neurons play a role in mediating NVC is not well understood. Here, we identify in mice and humans a specific population of cortical GABAergic neurons that co-express neuronal nitric oxide synthase and tachykinin receptor 1 (Tacr1). Through whole-tissue clearing, we demonstrate that Tacr1 neurons extend local and long-range projections across functionally connected cortical areas. We show that whisker stimulation elicited Tacr1 neuron activity in the barrel cortex through feedforward excitatory pathways. Additionally, through optogenetic experiments, we demonstrate that Tacr1 neurons are instrumental in mediating CBF through the relaxation of mural cells in a similar fashion to whisker stimulation. Finally, by electron microscopy, we observe that Tacr1 processes contact astrocytic endfeet. These findings suggest that Tacr1 neurons integrate cortical activity to mediate NVC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Catherine F Ruff
- Department of Neurobiology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | | | - Samuel J Dienel
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Adiya Rakymzhan
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | | | - Jonathan J Couey
- Department of Neurobiology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Mitsuhiro Fukuda
- Department of Radiology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Alan M Watson
- Center for Biologic Imaging, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Aihua Su
- Department of Neurobiology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Kenneth N Fish
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Maria E Rubio
- Department of Neurobiology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Bryan M Hooks
- Department of Neurobiology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Sarah E Ross
- Department of Neurobiology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.
| | - Alberto L Vazquez
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA; Department of Radiology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Jiang X, Li F, Mei J, Wu T, Zhu J, Li Z, Wu Z, Jiang H, Li N, Lei L. Brain Immune Cell Infiltration and Serum Metabolomic Characteristics Reveal that Lauric Acid Promotes Immune Cell Infiltration in Brain and Streptococcus suis Meningitis in Mice. Mol Neurobiol 2024:10.1007/s12035-024-04144-1. [PMID: 38625620 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-024-04144-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2023] [Accepted: 03/21/2024] [Indexed: 04/17/2024]
Abstract
Although naturally Streptococcus suis serotype 2 (SS2) causes meningitis resulting in death or sequela of neurological symptoms in pigs and humans, severely threatening public health in the world, it has been difficult to build up and confirm experimental meningitis mouse models with obvious neurological syndrome for about two decades, which strongly hampers the in-depth study on the control measures and mechanisms of SS2-induced meningitis. In this study, a typical meningitis mouse model of SS2 was successfully established, as confirmed by the behavioral indicators of balance beam test, suspension test, and gait analysis. With bacteria gathering in the brain, distinguishable unique features including meningeal thickening, vacuolization of the Nissl body, brain barrier damage, glial cell activation, and more infiltration of T cells, macrophages, and DCs are observed in SS2 meningitis mice with typical neurological signs. Some meningitis mice were also accompanied by identical nephritis, ophthalmia, and cochlearitis. Investigation of the metabolic features demonstrated the downregulated cholic acid and upregulated 2-hydroxyvaleric acid, tetrahydrocortisone, nicotinic acid, and lauric acid in blood serum of mice and piglets with meningitis. And feeding trials show that lauric acid can promote meningitis by promoting the infiltration of immune cells into brain. These findings demonstrated that infection of ICR (improved castle road) mice with SS2 was able to induce typical meningitis accompanied by immune cell infiltration and lauric acid upregulation. These data provide a basis for the deep study of SS2 meningitis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xuan Jiang
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Severe Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, Key Laboratory for Zoonosis Research of the Ministry of Education, Institute of Zoonosis, and College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, 130062, China
| | - Fengyang Li
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Severe Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, Key Laboratory for Zoonosis Research of the Ministry of Education, Institute of Zoonosis, and College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, 130062, China
| | - Jikun Mei
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Severe Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, Key Laboratory for Zoonosis Research of the Ministry of Education, Institute of Zoonosis, and College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, 130062, China
| | - Tong Wu
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Severe Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, Key Laboratory for Zoonosis Research of the Ministry of Education, Institute of Zoonosis, and College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, 130062, China
| | - Junhui Zhu
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Severe Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, Key Laboratory for Zoonosis Research of the Ministry of Education, Institute of Zoonosis, and College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, 130062, China
| | - Ziheng Li
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Severe Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, Key Laboratory for Zoonosis Research of the Ministry of Education, Institute of Zoonosis, and College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, 130062, China
| | - Zengshuai Wu
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Severe Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, Key Laboratory for Zoonosis Research of the Ministry of Education, Institute of Zoonosis, and College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, 130062, China
| | - Hexiang Jiang
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Severe Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, Key Laboratory for Zoonosis Research of the Ministry of Education, Institute of Zoonosis, and College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, 130062, China
| | - Na Li
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Severe Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, Key Laboratory for Zoonosis Research of the Ministry of Education, Institute of Zoonosis, and College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, 130062, China.
| | - Liancheng Lei
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Severe Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, Key Laboratory for Zoonosis Research of the Ministry of Education, Institute of Zoonosis, and College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, 130062, China.
- College of Animal Science, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, Hubei, 434023, People's Republic of China.
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Cheng S, Xia IF, Wanner R, Abello J, Stratman AN, Nicoli S. Hemodynamics regulate spatiotemporal artery muscularization in the developing circle of Willis. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2023.12.01.569622. [PMID: 38077062 PMCID: PMC10705471 DOI: 10.1101/2023.12.01.569622] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2023]
Abstract
Vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) envelop vertebrate brain arteries, playing a crucial role in regulating cerebral blood flow and neurovascular coupling. The dedifferentiation of VSMCs is implicated in cerebrovascular diseases and neurodegeneration. Despite its importance, the process of VSMC differentiation on brain arteries during development remains inadequately characterized. Understanding this process could aid in reprogramming and regenerating differentiated VSMCs in cerebrovascular diseases. In this study, we investigated VSMC differentiation on the zebrafish circle of Willis (CoW), comprising major arteries that supply blood to the vertebrate brain. We observed that the arterial expression of CoW endothelial cells (ECs) occurs after their migration from the cranial venous plexus to form CoW arteries. Subsequently, acta2+ VSMCs differentiate from pdgfrb+ mural cell progenitors upon recruitment to CoW arteries. The progression of VSMC differentiation exhibits a spatiotemporal pattern, advancing from anterior to posterior CoW arteries. Analysis of blood flow suggests that earlier VSMC differentiation in anterior CoW arteries correlates with higher red blood cell velocity wall shear stress. Furthermore, pulsatile blood flow is required for differentiation of human brain pdgfrb+ mural cells into VSMCs as well as VSMC differentiation on zebrafish CoW arteries. Consistently, the flow-responsive transcription factor klf2a is activated in ECs of CoW arteries prior to VSMC differentiation, and klf2a knockdown delays VSMC differentiation on anterior CoW arteries. In summary, our findings highlight the role of blood flow activation of endothelial klf2a as a mechanism regulating the initial VSMC differentiation on vertebrate brain arteries.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Siyuan Cheng
- Department of Genetics, Yale School of Medicine, 333 Cedar St, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
- Yale Cardiovascular Research Center, Section of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, 300 George St, New Haven, CT 06511, USA
- Vascular Biology & Therapeutics Program, Yale School of Medicine, 10 Amistad St, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
| | - Ivan Fan Xia
- Department of Genetics, Yale School of Medicine, 333 Cedar St, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
- Yale Cardiovascular Research Center, Section of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, 300 George St, New Haven, CT 06511, USA
- Vascular Biology & Therapeutics Program, Yale School of Medicine, 10 Amistad St, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
| | - Renate Wanner
- Department of Genetics, Yale School of Medicine, 333 Cedar St, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
- Yale Cardiovascular Research Center, Section of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, 300 George St, New Haven, CT 06511, USA
- Vascular Biology & Therapeutics Program, Yale School of Medicine, 10 Amistad St, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
| | - Javier Abello
- Department of Cell Biology & Physiology, School of Medicine, Washington University in St. Louis, 660 S. Euclid Ave, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Amber N. Stratman
- Department of Cell Biology & Physiology, School of Medicine, Washington University in St. Louis, 660 S. Euclid Ave, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Stefania Nicoli
- Department of Genetics, Yale School of Medicine, 333 Cedar St, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
- Yale Cardiovascular Research Center, Section of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, 300 George St, New Haven, CT 06511, USA
- Vascular Biology & Therapeutics Program, Yale School of Medicine, 10 Amistad St, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Zhang C, Shi J, Dai Y, Li X, Leng J. Progress of the study of pericytes and their potential research value in adenomyosis. Sci Prog 2024; 107:368504241257126. [PMID: 38863331 PMCID: PMC11179483 DOI: 10.1177/00368504241257126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2024]
Abstract
Pericytes (PCs) are versatile cells integral to the microcirculation wall, exhibiting specific stem cell traits. They are essential in modulating blood flow, ensuring vascular permeability, maintaining homeostasis, and aiding tissue repair process. Given their involvement in numerous disease-related pathological and physiological processes, the regulation of PCs has emerged as a focal point of research. Adenomyosis is characterized by the presence of active endometrial glands and stroma encased by an enlarged and proliferative myometrial layer, further accompanied by fibrosis and new blood vessel formation. This distinct pathological condition might be intricately linked with PCs. This article comprehensively reviews the markers associated with PCs, their contributions to angiogenesis, blood flow modulation, and fibrotic processes. Moreover, it provides a comprehensive overview of the current research on adenomyosis pathophysiology, emphasizing the potential correlation and future implications regarding PCs and the development of adenomyosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chenyu Zhang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Obstetric & Gynecologic Diseases, Beijing, China
| | - Jinghua Shi
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Obstetric & Gynecologic Diseases, Beijing, China
| | - Yi Dai
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Obstetric & Gynecologic Diseases, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaoyan Li
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Obstetric & Gynecologic Diseases, Beijing, China
| | - Jinhua Leng
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Obstetric & Gynecologic Diseases, Beijing, China
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Ji Y, Chen Y, Tan X, Huang X, Gao Q, Ma Y, Yang S, Yin M, Yu M, Fang C, Wang Y, Shi Z, Chang J. Integrated transcriptomic and proteomic profiling reveals the key molecular signatures of brain endothelial reperfusion injury. CNS Neurosci Ther 2024; 30:e14483. [PMID: 37789643 PMCID: PMC11017417 DOI: 10.1111/cns.14483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2022] [Revised: 08/25/2023] [Accepted: 09/18/2023] [Indexed: 10/05/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Reperfusion therapy after ischemic stroke often causes brain microvascular injury. However, the underlying mechanisms are unclear. METHODS Transcriptomic and proteomic analyses were performed on human cerebral microvascular endothelial cells following oxygen-glucose deprivation (OGD) or OGD plus recovery (OGD/R) to identify molecules and signaling pathways dysregulated by reperfusion. Major findings were further validated in a mouse model of cerebral ischemia and reperfusion. RESULTS Transcriptomic analysis identified 390 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) between the OGD/R and OGD group. Pathway analysis indicated that these genes were mostly associated with inflammation, including the TNF signaling pathway, TGF-β signaling pathway, cytokine-cytokine receptor interaction, NOD-like receptor signaling pathway, and NF-κB signaling pathway. Proteomic analysis identified 201 differentially expressed proteins (DEPs), which were primarily associated with extracellular matrix destruction and remodeling, impairment of endothelial transport function, and inflammatory responses. Six genes (DUSP1, JUNB, NFKBIA, NR4A1, SERPINE1, and THBS1) were upregulated by OGD/R at both the mRNA and protein levels. In mice with cerebral ischemia and reperfusion, brain TNF signaling pathway was activated by reperfusion, and inhibiting TNF-α with adalimumab significantly attenuated reperfusion-induced brain endothelial inflammation. In addition, the protein level of THBS1 was substantially upregulated upon reperfusion in brain endothelial cells and the peri-endothelial area in mice receiving cerebral ischemia. CONCLUSION Our study reveals the key molecular signatures of brain endothelial reperfusion injury and provides potential therapeutic targets for the treatment of brain microvascular injury after reperfusion therapy in ischemic stroke.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yabin Ji
- Department of NeurologyNanfang Hospital, Southern Medical UniversityGuangzhouChina
- Institute of Biomedicine and Biotechnology, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of SciencesShenzhenChina
| | - Yiman Chen
- Department of NeurologyNanfang Hospital, Southern Medical UniversityGuangzhouChina
- Institute of Biomedicine and Biotechnology, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of SciencesShenzhenChina
| | - Xixi Tan
- Department of NeurologyNanfang Hospital, Southern Medical UniversityGuangzhouChina
- Institute of Biomedicine and Biotechnology, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of SciencesShenzhenChina
- Department of NeurologyYangjiang People's HospitalYangjiangChina
| | - Xiaowen Huang
- Institute of Biomedicine and Biotechnology, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of SciencesShenzhenChina
| | - Qiang Gao
- Institute of Biomedicine and Biotechnology, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of SciencesShenzhenChina
- Department of NeurosurgeryThe First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou UniversityZhengzhouChina
| | - Yinzhong Ma
- Institute of Biomedicine and Biotechnology, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of SciencesShenzhenChina
| | - Shilun Yang
- Institute of Biomedicine and Biotechnology, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of SciencesShenzhenChina
| | - Meifang Yin
- Institute of Biomedicine and Biotechnology, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of SciencesShenzhenChina
| | - Min Yu
- Institute of Biomedicine and Biotechnology, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of SciencesShenzhenChina
| | - Cheng Fang
- Institute of Biomedicine and Biotechnology, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of SciencesShenzhenChina
| | - Yu Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology and Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacy, Li Ka Shing Faculty of MedicineThe University of Hong KongHong KongChina
| | - Zhu Shi
- Department of Neurology10th Affiliated Hospital, Southern Medical University (Dongguan People's Hospital)DongguanChina
| | - Junlei Chang
- Institute of Biomedicine and Biotechnology, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of SciencesShenzhenChina
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Hu Y, Zhang F, Ikonomovic M, Yang T. The Role of NRF2 in Cerebrovascular Protection: Implications for Vascular Cognitive Impairment and Dementia (VCID). Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:3833. [PMID: 38612642 PMCID: PMC11012233 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25073833] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2024] [Revised: 03/20/2024] [Accepted: 03/22/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Vascular cognitive impairment and dementia (VCID) represents a broad spectrum of cognitive decline secondary to cerebral vascular aging and injury. It is the second most common type of dementia, and the prevalence continues to increase. Nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (NRF2) is enriched in the cerebral vasculature and has diverse roles in metabolic balance, mitochondrial stabilization, redox balance, and anti-inflammation. In this review, we first briefly introduce cerebrovascular aging in VCID and the NRF2 pathway. We then extensively discuss the effects of NRF2 activation in cerebrovascular components such as endothelial cells, vascular smooth muscle cells, pericytes, and perivascular macrophages. Finally, we summarize the clinical potential of NRF2 activators in VCID.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yizhou Hu
- Department of Neurology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15216, USA; (Y.H.); (F.Z.); (M.I.)
- Pittsburgh Institute of Brain Disorders and Recovery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15216, USA
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center (UPMC) McKeesport, McKeesport, PA 15132, USA
| | - Feng Zhang
- Department of Neurology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15216, USA; (Y.H.); (F.Z.); (M.I.)
- Pittsburgh Institute of Brain Disorders and Recovery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15216, USA
| | - Milos Ikonomovic
- Department of Neurology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15216, USA; (Y.H.); (F.Z.); (M.I.)
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15216, USA
- Geriatric Research Education and Clinical Center, VA Pittsburgh Healthcare System, Pittsburgh, PA 15240, USA
| | - Tuo Yang
- Department of Neurology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15216, USA; (Y.H.); (F.Z.); (M.I.)
- Pittsburgh Institute of Brain Disorders and Recovery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15216, USA
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center (UPMC), Pittsburgh, PA 15216, USA
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Li J, Zhang Y, Zhang D, Wang W, Xie H, Ruan J, Jin Y, Li T, Li X, Zhao B, Zhang X, Lin J, Shi H, Jia JM. Ca 2+ oscillation in vascular smooth muscle cells control myogenic spontaneous vasomotion and counteract post-ischemic no-reflow. Commun Biol 2024; 7:332. [PMID: 38491167 PMCID: PMC10942987 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-024-06010-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2023] [Accepted: 03/04/2024] [Indexed: 03/18/2024] Open
Abstract
Ischemic stroke produces the highest adult disability. Despite successful recanalization, no-reflow, or the futile restoration of the cerebral perfusion after ischemia, is a major cause of brain lesion expansion. However, the vascular mechanism underlying this hypoperfusion is largely unknown, and no approach is available to actively promote optimal reperfusion to treat no-reflow. Here, by combining two-photon laser scanning microscopy (2PLSM) and a mouse middle cerebral arteriolar occlusion (MCAO) model, we find myogenic vasomotion deficits correlated with post-ischemic cerebral circulation interruptions and no-reflow. Transient occlusion-induced transient loss of mitochondrial membrane potential (ΔΨm) permanently impairs mitochondria-endoplasmic reticulum (ER) contacts and abolish Ca2+ oscillation in smooth muscle cells (SMCs), the driving force of myogenic spontaneous vasomotion. Furthermore, tethering mitochondria and ER by specific overexpression of ME-Linker in SMCs restores cytosolic Ca2+ homeostasis, remotivates myogenic spontaneous vasomotion, achieves optimal reperfusion, and ameliorates neurological injury. Collectively, the maintaining of arteriolar myogenic vasomotion and mitochondria-ER contacts in SMCs, are of critical importance in preventing post-ischemic no-reflow.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jinze Li
- Key Laboratory of Growth Regulation and Translational Research of Zhejiang Province, School of Life Sciences, Westlake University, Hangzhou, China.
- Westlake Laboratory of Life Sciences and Biomedicine, Hangzhou, China.
- Laboratory of Neurovascular Biology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Westlake Institute for Advanced Study, Hangzhou, China.
| | - Yiyi Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Growth Regulation and Translational Research of Zhejiang Province, School of Life Sciences, Westlake University, Hangzhou, China
- Westlake Laboratory of Life Sciences and Biomedicine, Hangzhou, China
- Laboratory of Neurovascular Biology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Westlake Institute for Advanced Study, Hangzhou, China
| | - Dongdong Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Growth Regulation and Translational Research of Zhejiang Province, School of Life Sciences, Westlake University, Hangzhou, China
- Westlake Laboratory of Life Sciences and Biomedicine, Hangzhou, China
- Laboratory of Neurovascular Biology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Westlake Institute for Advanced Study, Hangzhou, China
| | - Wentao Wang
- Key Laboratory of Growth Regulation and Translational Research of Zhejiang Province, School of Life Sciences, Westlake University, Hangzhou, China
- Westlake Laboratory of Life Sciences and Biomedicine, Hangzhou, China
- Laboratory of Neurovascular Biology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Westlake Institute for Advanced Study, Hangzhou, China
| | - Huiqi Xie
- Key Laboratory of Growth Regulation and Translational Research of Zhejiang Province, School of Life Sciences, Westlake University, Hangzhou, China
- Westlake Laboratory of Life Sciences and Biomedicine, Hangzhou, China
- Laboratory of Neurovascular Biology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Westlake Institute for Advanced Study, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jiayu Ruan
- Key Laboratory of Growth Regulation and Translational Research of Zhejiang Province, School of Life Sciences, Westlake University, Hangzhou, China
- Westlake Laboratory of Life Sciences and Biomedicine, Hangzhou, China
- Laboratory of Neurovascular Biology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Westlake Institute for Advanced Study, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yuxiao Jin
- Key Laboratory of Growth Regulation and Translational Research of Zhejiang Province, School of Life Sciences, Westlake University, Hangzhou, China
- Westlake Laboratory of Life Sciences and Biomedicine, Hangzhou, China
- Laboratory of Neurovascular Biology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Westlake Institute for Advanced Study, Hangzhou, China
| | - Tingbo Li
- Key Laboratory of Growth Regulation and Translational Research of Zhejiang Province, School of Life Sciences, Westlake University, Hangzhou, China
- Westlake Laboratory of Life Sciences and Biomedicine, Hangzhou, China
- Laboratory of Neurovascular Biology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Westlake Institute for Advanced Study, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xuzhao Li
- Key Laboratory of Growth Regulation and Translational Research of Zhejiang Province, School of Life Sciences, Westlake University, Hangzhou, China
- Westlake Laboratory of Life Sciences and Biomedicine, Hangzhou, China
- Laboratory of Neurovascular Biology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Westlake Institute for Advanced Study, Hangzhou, China
| | - Bingrui Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Growth Regulation and Translational Research of Zhejiang Province, School of Life Sciences, Westlake University, Hangzhou, China
- Westlake Laboratory of Life Sciences and Biomedicine, Hangzhou, China
- Laboratory of Neurovascular Biology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Westlake Institute for Advanced Study, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xiaoxuan Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Growth Regulation and Translational Research of Zhejiang Province, School of Life Sciences, Westlake University, Hangzhou, China
- Westlake Laboratory of Life Sciences and Biomedicine, Hangzhou, China
- Laboratory of Neurovascular Biology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Westlake Institute for Advanced Study, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jiayi Lin
- Key Laboratory of Growth Regulation and Translational Research of Zhejiang Province, School of Life Sciences, Westlake University, Hangzhou, China
- Westlake Laboratory of Life Sciences and Biomedicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Hongjun Shi
- Key Laboratory of Growth Regulation and Translational Research of Zhejiang Province, School of Life Sciences, Westlake University, Hangzhou, China
- Westlake Laboratory of Life Sciences and Biomedicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jie-Min Jia
- Key Laboratory of Growth Regulation and Translational Research of Zhejiang Province, School of Life Sciences, Westlake University, Hangzhou, China.
- Westlake Laboratory of Life Sciences and Biomedicine, Hangzhou, China.
- Laboratory of Neurovascular Biology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Westlake Institute for Advanced Study, Hangzhou, China.
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Natsubori A, Kwon S, Honda Y, Kojima T, Karashima A, Masamoto K, Honda M. Serotonergic regulation of cortical neurovascular coupling and hemodynamics upon awakening from sleep in mice. J Cereb Blood Flow Metab 2024:271678X241238843. [PMID: 38477254 DOI: 10.1177/0271678x241238843] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/14/2024]
Abstract
Neurovascular coupling (NVC) is the functional hyperemia of the brain responding to local neuronal activity. It is mediated by astrocytes and affected by subcortical ascending pathways in the cortex that convey information, such as sensory stimuli and the animal condition. Here, we investigate the influence of the raphe serotonergic system, a subcortical ascending arousal system in animals, on the modulation of cortical NVC and cerebral blood flow (CBF). Raphe serotonergic neurons were optogenically activated for 30 s, which immediately awakened the mice from non-rapid eye movement sleep. This caused a biphasic cortical hemodynamic change: a transient increase for a few seconds immediately after photostimulation onset, followed by a large progressive decrease during the stimulation period. Serotonergic neuron activation increased intracellular Ca2+ levels in cortical pyramidal neurons and astrocytes, demonstrating its effect on the NVC components. Pharmacological inhibition of cortical neuronal firing activity and astrocyte metabolic activity had small hypovolemic effects on serotonin-induced biphasic CBF changes, while blocking 5-HT1B receptors expressed primarily in cerebral vasculature attenuated the decreasing CBF phase. This suggests that serotonergic neuron activation leading to animal awakening could allow the NVC to exert a hyperemic function during a biphasic CBF response, with a predominant decrease in the cortex.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Akiyo Natsubori
- Sleep Disorders Project, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Medical Science, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Soojin Kwon
- Sleep Disorders Project, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Medical Science, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yoshiko Honda
- Sleep Disorders Project, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Medical Science, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takashi Kojima
- Sleep Disorders Project, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Medical Science, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Akihiro Karashima
- Department of Electronics, Graduate School of Engineering, Tohoku Institute of Technology, Sendai, Japan
| | - Kazuto Masamoto
- Dept. Mechanical and Intelligent Systems Engineering, Univ. of Electro-Communications, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Makoto Honda
- Sleep Disorders Project, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Medical Science, Tokyo, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Furtado J, Eichmann A. Vascular development, remodeling and maturation. Curr Top Dev Biol 2024; 159:344-370. [PMID: 38729681 DOI: 10.1016/bs.ctdb.2024.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/12/2024]
Abstract
The development of the vascular system is crucial in supporting the growth and health of all other organs in the body, and vascular system dysfunction is the major cause of human morbidity and mortality. This chapter discusses three successive processes that govern vascular system development, starting with the differentiation of the primitive vascular system in early embryonic development, followed by its remodeling into a functional circulatory system composed of arteries and veins, and its final maturation and acquisition of an organ specific semi-permeable barrier that controls nutrient uptake into tissues and hence controls organ physiology. Along these steps, endothelial cells forming the inner lining of all blood vessels acquire extensive heterogeneity in terms of gene expression patterns and function, that we are only beginning to understand. These advances contribute to overall knowledge of vascular biology and are predicted to unlock the unprecedented therapeutic potential of the endothelium as an avenue for treatment of diseases associated with dysfunctional vasculature.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jessica Furtado
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, United States; Cardiovascular Research Center, Department of Internal Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, United States
| | - Anne Eichmann
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, United States; Cardiovascular Research Center, Department of Internal Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, United States; Paris Cardiovascular Research Center, Inserm U970, Université Paris, Paris, France.
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
King NE, Courtney JM, Brown LS, Fortune AJ, Blackburn NB, Fletcher JL, Cashion JM, Talbot J, Pébay A, Hewitt AW, Morris GP, Young KM, Cook AL, Sutherland BA. Induced pluripotent stem cell derived pericytes respond to mediators of proliferation and contractility. Stem Cell Res Ther 2024; 15:59. [PMID: 38433209 PMCID: PMC10910734 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-024-03671-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2023] [Accepted: 02/16/2024] [Indexed: 03/05/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pericytes are multifunctional contractile cells that reside on capillaries. Pericytes are critical regulators of cerebral blood flow and blood-brain barrier function, and pericyte dysfunction may contribute to the pathophysiology of human neurological diseases including Alzheimers disease, multiple sclerosis, and stroke. Induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC)-derived pericytes (iPericytes) are a promising tool for vascular research. However, it is unclear how iPericytes functionally compare to primary human brain vascular pericytes (HBVPs). METHODS We differentiated iPSCs into iPericytes of either the mesoderm or neural crest lineage using established protocols. We compared iPericyte and HBVP morphologies, quantified gene expression by qPCR and bulk RNA sequencing, and visualised pericyte protein markers by immunocytochemistry. To determine whether the gene expression of neural crest iPericytes, mesoderm iPericytes or HBVPs correlated with their functional characteristics in vitro, we quantified EdU incorporation following exposure to the key pericyte mitogen, platelet derived growth factor (PDGF)-BB and, contraction and relaxation in response to the vasoconstrictor endothelin-1 or vasodilator adenosine, respectively. RESULTS iPericytes were morphologically similar to HBVPs and expressed canonical pericyte markers. However, iPericytes had 1864 differentially expressed genes compared to HBVPs, while there were 797 genes differentially expressed between neural crest and mesoderm iPericytes. Consistent with the ability of HBVPs to respond to PDGF-BB signalling, PDGF-BB enhanced and a PDGF receptor-beta inhibitor impaired iPericyte proliferation. Administration of endothelin-1 led to iPericyte contraction and adenosine led to iPericyte relaxation, of a magnitude similar to the response evoked in HBVPs. We determined that neural crest iPericytes were less susceptible to PDGFR beta inhibition, but responded most robustly to vasoconstrictive mediators. CONCLUSIONS iPericytes express pericyte-associated genes and proteins and, exhibit an appropriate physiological response upon exposure to a key endogenous mitogen or vasoactive mediators. Therefore, the generation of functional iPericytes would be suitable for use in future investigations exploring pericyte function or dysfunction in neurological diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Natalie E King
- Tasmanian School of Medicine, College of Health and Medicine, University of Tasmania, Level 4, Medical Sciences Precinct, 17 Liverpool St, Hobart, TAS, 7000, Australia
| | - Jo-Maree Courtney
- Tasmanian School of Medicine, College of Health and Medicine, University of Tasmania, Level 4, Medical Sciences Precinct, 17 Liverpool St, Hobart, TAS, 7000, Australia
| | - Lachlan S Brown
- Tasmanian School of Medicine, College of Health and Medicine, University of Tasmania, Level 4, Medical Sciences Precinct, 17 Liverpool St, Hobart, TAS, 7000, Australia
| | - Alastair J Fortune
- Menzies Institute for Medical Research, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Australia
| | - Nicholas B Blackburn
- Menzies Institute for Medical Research, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Australia
| | - Jessica L Fletcher
- Menzies Institute for Medical Research, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Australia
| | - Jake M Cashion
- Tasmanian School of Medicine, College of Health and Medicine, University of Tasmania, Level 4, Medical Sciences Precinct, 17 Liverpool St, Hobart, TAS, 7000, Australia
| | - Jana Talbot
- Wicking Dementia Education and Research Centre, College of Health and Medicine, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Australia
| | - Alice Pébay
- Department of Anatomy and Physiology, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
- Department of Surgery, Royal Melbourne Hospital, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Alex W Hewitt
- Tasmanian School of Medicine, College of Health and Medicine, University of Tasmania, Level 4, Medical Sciences Precinct, 17 Liverpool St, Hobart, TAS, 7000, Australia
- Menzies Institute for Medical Research, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Australia
- Department of Anatomy and Physiology, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
- Department of Surgery, Royal Melbourne Hospital, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
- Centre for Eye Research Australia, Royal Victorian Eye and Ear Hospital, East Melbourne, Australia
| | - Gary P Morris
- Tasmanian School of Medicine, College of Health and Medicine, University of Tasmania, Level 4, Medical Sciences Precinct, 17 Liverpool St, Hobart, TAS, 7000, Australia
| | - Kaylene M Young
- Menzies Institute for Medical Research, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Australia
| | - Anthony L Cook
- Wicking Dementia Education and Research Centre, College of Health and Medicine, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Australia
| | - Brad A Sutherland
- Tasmanian School of Medicine, College of Health and Medicine, University of Tasmania, Level 4, Medical Sciences Precinct, 17 Liverpool St, Hobart, TAS, 7000, Australia.
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Shrouder JJ, Calandra GM, Filser S, Varga DP, Besson-Girard S, Mamrak U, Dorok M, Bulut-Impraim B, Seker FB, Gesierich B, Laredo F, Wehn AC, Khalin I, Bayer P, Liesz A, Gokce O, Plesnila N. Continued dysfunction of capillary pericytes promotes no-reflow after experimental stroke in vivo. Brain 2024; 147:1057-1074. [PMID: 38153327 DOI: 10.1093/brain/awad401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2023] [Revised: 11/15/2023] [Accepted: 11/16/2023] [Indexed: 12/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Incomplete reperfusion of the microvasculature ('no-reflow') after ischaemic stroke damages salvageable brain tissue. Previous ex vivo studies suggest pericytes are vulnerable to ischaemia and may exacerbate no-reflow, but the viability of pericytes and their association with no-reflow remains under-explored in vivo. Using longitudinal in vivo two-photon single-cell imaging over 7 days, we showed that 87% of pericytes constrict during cerebral ischaemia and remain constricted post reperfusion, and 50% of the pericyte population are acutely damaged. Moreover, we revealed ischaemic pericytes to be fundamentally implicated in capillary no-reflow by limiting and arresting blood flow within the first 24 h post stroke. Despite sustaining acute membrane damage, we observed that over half of all cortical pericytes survived ischaemia and responded to vasoactive stimuli, upregulated unique transcriptomic profiles and replicated. Finally, we demonstrated the delayed recovery of capillary diameter by ischaemic pericytes after reperfusion predicted vessel reconstriction in the subacute phase of stroke. Cumulatively, these findings demonstrate that surviving cortical pericytes remain both viable and promising therapeutic targets to counteract no-reflow after ischaemic stroke.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Joshua James Shrouder
- Institute for Stroke and Dementia Research (ISD), LMU University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-University (LMU) Munich, 81377 Munich, Germany
- Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (SyNergy), 81377 Munich, Germany
| | - Gian Marco Calandra
- Institute for Stroke and Dementia Research (ISD), LMU University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-University (LMU) Munich, 81377 Munich, Germany
| | - Severin Filser
- Institute for Stroke and Dementia Research (ISD), LMU University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-University (LMU) Munich, 81377 Munich, Germany
- Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (SyNergy), 81377 Munich, Germany
- Core Research Facilities and Services-Light Microscope Facility, German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), 53127 Bonn, Germany
| | - Daniel Peter Varga
- Institute for Stroke and Dementia Research (ISD), LMU University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-University (LMU) Munich, 81377 Munich, Germany
- Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (SyNergy), 81377 Munich, Germany
| | - Simon Besson-Girard
- Institute for Stroke and Dementia Research (ISD), LMU University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-University (LMU) Munich, 81377 Munich, Germany
- Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (SyNergy), 81377 Munich, Germany
| | - Uta Mamrak
- Institute for Stroke and Dementia Research (ISD), LMU University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-University (LMU) Munich, 81377 Munich, Germany
| | - Maximilian Dorok
- Institute for Stroke and Dementia Research (ISD), LMU University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-University (LMU) Munich, 81377 Munich, Germany
| | - Buket Bulut-Impraim
- Institute for Stroke and Dementia Research (ISD), LMU University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-University (LMU) Munich, 81377 Munich, Germany
- Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (SyNergy), 81377 Munich, Germany
| | - Fatma Burcu Seker
- Institute for Stroke and Dementia Research (ISD), LMU University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-University (LMU) Munich, 81377 Munich, Germany
- Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (SyNergy), 81377 Munich, Germany
| | - Benno Gesierich
- Institute for Stroke and Dementia Research (ISD), LMU University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-University (LMU) Munich, 81377 Munich, Germany
- Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (SyNergy), 81377 Munich, Germany
| | - Fabio Laredo
- Institute for Stroke and Dementia Research (ISD), LMU University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-University (LMU) Munich, 81377 Munich, Germany
| | - Antonia Clarissa Wehn
- Institute for Stroke and Dementia Research (ISD), LMU University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-University (LMU) Munich, 81377 Munich, Germany
- Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (SyNergy), 81377 Munich, Germany
- Department of Neurosurgery, LMU University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-University (LMU) Munich, 81377 Munich, Germany
| | - Igor Khalin
- Institute for Stroke and Dementia Research (ISD), LMU University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-University (LMU) Munich, 81377 Munich, Germany
- Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (SyNergy), 81377 Munich, Germany
- Normandie University, UNICAEN, INSERM UMR-S U1237, Physiopathology and Imaging of Neurological Disorders (PhIND), GIP Cyceron, Institute Blood and Brain @ Caen-Normandie (BB@C), 14000 Caen, France
| | - Patrick Bayer
- Institute for Stroke and Dementia Research (ISD), LMU University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-University (LMU) Munich, 81377 Munich, Germany
| | - Arthur Liesz
- Institute for Stroke and Dementia Research (ISD), LMU University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-University (LMU) Munich, 81377 Munich, Germany
- Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (SyNergy), 81377 Munich, Germany
| | - Ozgun Gokce
- Institute for Stroke and Dementia Research (ISD), LMU University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-University (LMU) Munich, 81377 Munich, Germany
- Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (SyNergy), 81377 Munich, Germany
| | - Nikolaus Plesnila
- Institute for Stroke and Dementia Research (ISD), LMU University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-University (LMU) Munich, 81377 Munich, Germany
- Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (SyNergy), 81377 Munich, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Crouch EE, Diafos LN, Valenzuela EJ, Wedderburn-Pugh K, Birrueta JO, Caston J, Joseph T, Andrews MG, Bhaduri A, Huang EJ. Profiling human brain vascular cells using single-cell transcriptomics and organoids. Nat Protoc 2024; 19:603-628. [PMID: 38102365 DOI: 10.1038/s41596-023-00929-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2023] [Accepted: 10/13/2023] [Indexed: 12/17/2023]
Abstract
Angiogenesis and neurogenesis are functionally interconnected during brain development. However, the study of the vasculature has trailed other brain cell types because they are delicate and of low abundance. Here we describe a protocol extension to purify prenatal human brain endothelial and mural cells with FACS and utilize them in downstream applications, including transcriptomics, culture and organoid transplantation. This approach is simple, efficient and generates high yields from small amounts of tissue. When the experiment is completed within a 24 h postmortem interval, these healthy cells produce high-quality data in single-cell transcriptomics experiments. These vascular cells can be cultured, passaged and expanded for many in vitro assays, including Matrigel vascular tube formation, microfluidic chambers and metabolic measurements. Under these culture conditions, primary vascular cells maintain expression of cell-type markers for at least 3 weeks. Finally, we describe how to use primary vascular cells for transplantation into cortical organoids, which captures key features of neurovascular interactions in prenatal human brain development. In terms of timing, tissue processing and staining requires ~3 h, followed by an additional 3 h of FACS. The transplant procedure of primary, FACS-purified vascular cells into cortical organoids requires an additional 2 h. The time required for different transcriptomic and epigenomic protocols can vary based on the specific application, and we offer strategies to mitigate batch effects and optimize data quality. In sum, this vasculo-centric approach offers an integrated platform to interrogate neurovascular interactions and human brain vascular development.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth E Crouch
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.
- The Eli and Edythe Broad Center of Regeneration Medicine and Stem Cell Research, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.
- Biomedical Science Graduate Program, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.
| | - Loukas N Diafos
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
- The Eli and Edythe Broad Center of Regeneration Medicine and Stem Cell Research, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Edward J Valenzuela
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
- The Eli and Edythe Broad Center of Regeneration Medicine and Stem Cell Research, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Kaylee Wedderburn-Pugh
- The Eli and Edythe Broad Center of Regeneration Medicine and Stem Cell Research, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Biomedical Science Graduate Program, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Medical Scientist Training Program, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Janeth Ochoa Birrueta
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
- The Eli and Edythe Broad Center of Regeneration Medicine and Stem Cell Research, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Jaela Caston
- The Eli and Edythe Broad Center of Regeneration Medicine and Stem Cell Research, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Biomedical Science Graduate Program, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Tara Joseph
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
- The Eli and Edythe Broad Center of Regeneration Medicine and Stem Cell Research, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Madeline G Andrews
- The Eli and Edythe Broad Center of Regeneration Medicine and Stem Cell Research, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Department of Neurology, University of California San Francisco (UCSF), San Francisco, CA, USA
- School of Biological and Health Systems Engineering, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, USA
| | - Aparna Bhaduri
- The Eli and Edythe Broad Center of Regeneration Medicine and Stem Cell Research, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Department of Neurology, University of California San Francisco (UCSF), San Francisco, CA, USA
- Department of Biological Chemistry, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Eric J Huang
- The Eli and Edythe Broad Center of Regeneration Medicine and Stem Cell Research, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.
- Biomedical Science Graduate Program, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.
- Department of Pathology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.
- Pathology Service 113B, San Francisco Veterans Affairs Healthcare System, San Francisco, CA, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Miller LR, Bickel MA, Tarantini S, Runion ME, Matacchiera Z, Vance ML, Hibbs C, Vaden H, Nagykaldi D, Martin T, Bullen EC, Pinckard J, Kiss T, Howard EW, Yabluchanskiy A, Conley SM. IGF1R deficiency in vascular smooth muscle cells impairs myogenic autoregulation and cognition in mice. Front Aging Neurosci 2024; 16:1320808. [PMID: 38425784 PMCID: PMC10902040 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2024.1320808] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2023] [Accepted: 01/22/2024] [Indexed: 03/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction Cerebrovascular pathologies contribute to cognitive decline during aging, leading to vascular cognitive impairment and dementia (VCID). Levels of circulating insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1), a vasoprotective hormone, decrease during aging. Decreased circulating IGF-1 in animal models leads to the development of VCID-like symptoms, but the cellular mechanisms underlying IGF-1-deficiency associated pathologies in the aged cerebrovasculature remain poorly understood. Here, we test the hypothesis that vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) play an integral part in mediating the vasoprotective effects of IGF-1. Methods We used a hypertension-based model of cerebrovascular dysfunction in mice with VSMC-specific IGF-1 receptor (Igf1r) deficiency and evaluated the development of cerebrovascular pathologies and cognitive dysfunction. Results VSMC-specific Igf1r deficiency led to impaired cerebral myogenic autoregulation, independent of blood pressure changes, which was also associated with impaired spatial learning and memory function as measured by radial arm water maze and impaired motor learning measured by rotarod. In contrast, VSMC-specific IGF-1 receptor knockdown did not lead to cerebral microvascular rarefaction. Discussion These studies suggest that VSMCs are key targets for IGF-1 in the context of cerebrovascular health, playing a role in vessel stability alongside other cells in the neurovascular unit, and that VSMC dysfunction in aging likely contributes to VCID.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lauren R. Miller
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, United States
| | - Marisa A. Bickel
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, United States
| | - Stefano Tarantini
- Vascular Cognitive Impairment and Neurodegeneration Program, Oklahoma Center for Geroscience and Healthy Brain Aging, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, United States
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, United States
- The Peggy and Charles Stephenson Cancer Center, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, United States
- Department of Health Promotion Sciences, College of Public Health, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, United States
| | - Megan E. Runion
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, United States
| | - Zoe Matacchiera
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, United States
| | - Michaela L. Vance
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, United States
| | - Clara Hibbs
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, United States
| | - Hannah Vaden
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, United States
| | - Domonkos Nagykaldi
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, United States
| | - Teryn Martin
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, United States
| | - Elizabeth C. Bullen
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, United States
| | - Jessica Pinckard
- Division of Comparative Medicine, Department of Pathology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, United States
| | - Tamas Kiss
- Pediatric Center, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
- Eötvös Loránd Research Network and Semmelweis University Cerebrovascular and Neurocognitive Disorders Research Group, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Eric W. Howard
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, United States
| | - Andriy Yabluchanskiy
- Vascular Cognitive Impairment and Neurodegeneration Program, Oklahoma Center for Geroscience and Healthy Brain Aging, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, United States
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, United States
| | - Shannon M. Conley
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, United States
- Vascular Cognitive Impairment and Neurodegeneration Program, Oklahoma Center for Geroscience and Healthy Brain Aging, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, United States
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Mester JR, Rozak MW, Dorr A, Goubran M, Sled JG, Stefanovic B. Network response of brain microvasculature to neuronal stimulation. Neuroimage 2024; 287:120512. [PMID: 38199427 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2024.120512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2023] [Revised: 12/21/2023] [Accepted: 01/04/2024] [Indexed: 01/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Neurovascular coupling (NVC), or the adjustment of blood flow in response to local increases in neuronal activity is a hallmark of healthy brain function, and the physiological foundation for functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI). However, it remains only partly understood due to the high complexity of the structure and function of the cerebrovascular network. Here we set out to understand NVC at the network level, i.e. map cerebrovascular network reactivity to activation of neighbouring neurons within a 500×500×500 μm3 cortical volume (∼30 high-resolution 3-nL fMRI voxels). Using 3D two-photon fluorescence microscopy data, we quantified blood volume and flow changes in the brain vessels in response to spatially targeted optogenetic activation of cortical pyramidal neurons. We registered the vessels in a series of image stacks acquired before and after stimulations and applied a deep learning pipeline to segment the microvascular network from each time frame acquired. We then performed image analysis to extract the microvascular graphs, and graph analysis to identify the branch order of each vessel in the network, enabling the stratification of vessels by their branch order, designating branches 1-3 as precapillary arterioles and branches 4+ as capillaries. Forty-five percent of all vessels showed significant calibre changes; with 85 % of responses being dilations. The largest absolute CBV change was in the capillaries; the smallest, in the venules. Capillary CBV change was also the largest fraction of the total CBV change, but normalized to the baseline volume, arterioles and precapillary arterioles showed the biggest relative CBV change. From linescans along arteriole-venule microvascular paths, we measured red blood cell velocities and hematocrit, allowing for estimation of pressure and local resistance along these paths. While diameter changes following neuronal activation gradually declined along the paths; the pressure drops from arterioles to venules increased despite decreasing resistance: blood flow thus increased more than local resistance decreases would predict. By leveraging functional volumetric imaging and high throughput deep learning-based analysis, our study revealed distinct hemodynamic responses across the vessel types comprising the microvascular network. Our findings underscore the need for large, dense sampling of brain vessels for characterization of neurovascular coupling at the network level in health and disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- James R Mester
- University of Toronto, Department of Medical Biophysics, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Physical Sciences, Sunnybrook Research Institute, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Matthew W Rozak
- University of Toronto, Department of Medical Biophysics, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Physical Sciences, Sunnybrook Research Institute, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Adrienne Dorr
- Physical Sciences, Sunnybrook Research Institute, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Maged Goubran
- University of Toronto, Department of Medical Biophysics, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Physical Sciences, Sunnybrook Research Institute, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - John G Sled
- University of Toronto, Department of Medical Biophysics, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Mouse Imaging Centre, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Bojana Stefanovic
- University of Toronto, Department of Medical Biophysics, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Physical Sciences, Sunnybrook Research Institute, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Guimaraes EL, Dias DO, Hau WF, Julien A, Holl D, Garcia-Collado M, Savant S, Vågesjö E, Phillipson M, Jakobsson L, Göritz C. Corpora cavernosa fibroblasts mediate penile erection. Science 2024; 383:eade8064. [PMID: 38330107 DOI: 10.1126/science.ade8064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2022] [Accepted: 12/19/2023] [Indexed: 02/10/2024]
Abstract
Penile erection is mediated by the corpora cavernosa, a trabecular-like vascular bed that enlarges upon vasodilation, but its regulation is not completely understood. Here, we show that perivascular fibroblasts in the corpora cavernosa support vasodilation by reducing norepinephrine availability. The effect on penile blood flow depends on the number of fibroblasts, which is regulated by erectile activity. Erection dynamically alters the positional arrangement of fibroblasts, temporarily down-regulating Notch signaling. Inhibition of Notch increases fibroblast numbers and consequently raises penile blood flow. Continuous Notch activation lowers fibroblast numbers and reduces penile blood perfusion. Recurrent erections stimulate fibroblast proliferation and limit vasoconstriction, whereas aging reduces the number of fibroblasts and lowers penile blood flow. Our findings reveal adaptive, erectile activity-dependent modulation of penile blood flow by fibroblasts.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - David Oliveira Dias
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Karolinska Institutet, 171 77 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Wing Fung Hau
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Karolinska Institutet, 171 77 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Anais Julien
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Karolinska Institutet, 171 77 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Daniel Holl
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Karolinska Institutet, 171 77 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Maria Garcia-Collado
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Division of Vascular Biology, Karolinska Institutet, 171 77 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Soniya Savant
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Karolinska Institutet, 171 77 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Evelina Vågesjö
- Department of Medical Cell Biology, Division of Integrative Physiology, Uppsala University, 751 23 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Mia Phillipson
- Department of Medical Cell Biology, Division of Integrative Physiology, Uppsala University, 751 23 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Lars Jakobsson
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Division of Vascular Biology, Karolinska Institutet, 171 77 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Christian Göritz
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Karolinska Institutet, 171 77 Stockholm, Sweden
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Longden TA, Lederer WJ. Electro-metabolic signaling. J Gen Physiol 2024; 156:e202313451. [PMID: 38197953 PMCID: PMC10783436 DOI: 10.1085/jgp.202313451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2023] [Revised: 10/27/2023] [Accepted: 12/14/2023] [Indexed: 01/11/2024] Open
Abstract
Precise matching of energy substrate delivery to local metabolic needs is essential for the health and function of all tissues. Here, we outline a mechanistic framework for understanding this critical process, which we refer to as electro-metabolic signaling (EMS). All tissues exhibit changes in metabolism over varying spatiotemporal scales and have widely varying energetic needs and reserves. We propose that across tissues, common signatures of elevated metabolism or increases in energy substrate usage that exceed key local thresholds rapidly engage mechanisms that generate hyperpolarizing electrical signals in capillaries that then relax contractile elements throughout the vasculature to quickly adjust blood flow to meet changing needs. The attendant increase in energy substrate delivery serves to meet local metabolic requirements and thus avoids a mismatch in supply and demand and prevents metabolic stress. We discuss in detail key examples of EMS that our laboratories have discovered in the brain and the heart, and we outline potential further EMS mechanisms operating in tissues such as skeletal muscle, pancreas, and kidney. We suggest that the energy imbalance evoked by EMS uncoupling may be central to cellular dysfunction from which the hallmarks of aging and metabolic diseases emerge and may lead to generalized organ failure states-such as diverse flavors of heart failure and dementia. Understanding and manipulating EMS may be key to preventing or reversing these dysfunctions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Thomas A. Longden
- Department of Physiology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Laboratory of Neurovascular Interactions, Center for Biomedical Engineering and Technology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - W. Jonathan Lederer
- Department of Physiology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Laboratory of Molecular Cardiology, Center for Biomedical Engineering and Technology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Gastfriend BD, Snyder ME, Holt HE, Daneman R, Palecek SP, Shusta EV. Notch3 directs differentiation of brain mural cells from human pluripotent stem cell-derived neural crest. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2024; 10:eadi1737. [PMID: 38306433 PMCID: PMC10836734 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.adi1737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2023] [Accepted: 01/04/2024] [Indexed: 02/04/2024]
Abstract
Brain mural cells regulate development and function of the blood-brain barrier and control blood flow. Existing in vitro models of human brain mural cells have low expression of key mural cell genes, including NOTCH3. Thus, we asked whether activation of Notch3 signaling in hPSC-derived neural crest could direct the differentiation of brain mural cells with an improved transcriptional profile. Overexpression of the Notch3 intracellular domain (N3ICD) induced expression of mural cell markers PDGFRβ, TBX2, FOXS1, KCNJ8, SLC6A12, and endogenous Notch3. The resulting N3ICD-derived brain mural cells produced extracellular matrix, self-assembled with endothelial cells, and had functional KATP channels. ChIP-seq revealed that Notch3 serves as a direct input to relatively few genes in the context of this differentiation process. Our work demonstrates that activation of Notch3 signaling is sufficient to direct the differentiation of neural crest to mural cells and establishes a developmentally relevant differentiation protocol.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin D Gastfriend
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA
| | - Margaret E Snyder
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA
| | - Hope E Holt
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA
| | - Richard Daneman
- Departments of Neurosciences and Pharmacology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Sean P Palecek
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA
| | - Eric V Shusta
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Zhang D, Ruan J, Peng S, Li J, Hu X, Zhang Y, Zhang T, Ge Y, Zhu Z, Xiao X, Zhu Y, Li X, Li T, Zhou L, Gao Q, Zheng G, Zhao B, Li X, Zhu Y, Wu J, Li W, Zhao J, Ge WP, Xu T, Jia JM. Synaptic-like transmission between neural axons and arteriolar smooth muscle cells drives cerebral neurovascular coupling. Nat Neurosci 2024; 27:232-248. [PMID: 38168932 PMCID: PMC10849963 DOI: 10.1038/s41593-023-01515-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2022] [Accepted: 11/02/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024]
Abstract
Neurovascular coupling (NVC) is important for brain function and its dysfunction underlies many neuropathologies. Although cell-type specificity has been implicated in NVC, how active neural information is conveyed to the targeted arterioles in the brain remains poorly understood. Here, using two-photon focal optogenetics in the mouse cerebral cortex, we demonstrate that single glutamatergic axons dilate their innervating arterioles via synaptic-like transmission between neural-arteriolar smooth muscle cell junctions (NsMJs). The presynaptic parental-daughter bouton makes dual innervations on postsynaptic dendrites and on arteriolar smooth muscle cells (aSMCs), which express many types of neuromediator receptors, including a low level of glutamate NMDA receptor subunit 1 (Grin1). Disruption of NsMJ transmission by aSMC-specific knockout of GluN1 diminished optogenetic and whisker stimulation-caused functional hyperemia. Notably, the absence of GluN1 subunit in aSMCs reduced brain atrophy following cerebral ischemia by preventing Ca2+ overload in aSMCs during arteriolar constriction caused by the ischemia-induced spreading depolarization. Our findings reveal that NsMJ transmission drives NVC and open up a new avenue for studying stroke.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dongdong Zhang
- School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Key Laboratory of Growth Regulation and Translation Research of Zhejiang Province, School of Life Sciences, Westlake University, Hangzhou, China
- Laboratory of Neurovascular Biology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Westlake Institute for Advanced Study, Hangzhou, China
- Westlake Laboratory of Life Sciences and Biomedicine, Hangzhou, China
- Laboratory of Neurovascular Biology, School of Life Sciences, Westlake University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jiayu Ruan
- Key Laboratory of Growth Regulation and Translation Research of Zhejiang Province, School of Life Sciences, Westlake University, Hangzhou, China
- Laboratory of Neurovascular Biology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Westlake Institute for Advanced Study, Hangzhou, China
- Westlake Laboratory of Life Sciences and Biomedicine, Hangzhou, China
- Laboratory of Neurovascular Biology, School of Life Sciences, Westlake University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Shiyu Peng
- Key Laboratory of Growth Regulation and Translation Research of Zhejiang Province, School of Life Sciences, Westlake University, Hangzhou, China
- Westlake Laboratory of Life Sciences and Biomedicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jinze Li
- Key Laboratory of Growth Regulation and Translation Research of Zhejiang Province, School of Life Sciences, Westlake University, Hangzhou, China
- Laboratory of Neurovascular Biology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Westlake Institute for Advanced Study, Hangzhou, China
- Westlake Laboratory of Life Sciences and Biomedicine, Hangzhou, China
- Laboratory of Neurovascular Biology, School of Life Sciences, Westlake University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xu Hu
- Key Laboratory of Growth Regulation and Translation Research of Zhejiang Province, School of Life Sciences, Westlake University, Hangzhou, China
- Laboratory of Neurovascular Biology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Westlake Institute for Advanced Study, Hangzhou, China
- Westlake Laboratory of Life Sciences and Biomedicine, Hangzhou, China
- Laboratory of Neurovascular Biology, School of Life Sciences, Westlake University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yiyi Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Growth Regulation and Translation Research of Zhejiang Province, School of Life Sciences, Westlake University, Hangzhou, China
- Laboratory of Neurovascular Biology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Westlake Institute for Advanced Study, Hangzhou, China
- Westlake Laboratory of Life Sciences and Biomedicine, Hangzhou, China
- Laboratory of Neurovascular Biology, School of Life Sciences, Westlake University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Tianrui Zhang
- Laboratory of Neurovascular Biology, School of Life Sciences, Westlake University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yaping Ge
- Key Laboratory of Growth Regulation and Translation Research of Zhejiang Province, School of Life Sciences, Westlake University, Hangzhou, China
- Laboratory of Neurovascular Biology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Westlake Institute for Advanced Study, Hangzhou, China
- Westlake Laboratory of Life Sciences and Biomedicine, Hangzhou, China
- Laboratory of Neurovascular Biology, School of Life Sciences, Westlake University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Zhu Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Growth Regulation and Translation Research of Zhejiang Province, School of Life Sciences, Westlake University, Hangzhou, China
- Laboratory of Neurovascular Biology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Westlake Institute for Advanced Study, Hangzhou, China
- Westlake Laboratory of Life Sciences and Biomedicine, Hangzhou, China
- Laboratory of Neurovascular Biology, School of Life Sciences, Westlake University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xian Xiao
- Key Laboratory of Growth Regulation and Translation Research of Zhejiang Province, School of Life Sciences, Westlake University, Hangzhou, China
- Laboratory of Neurovascular Biology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Westlake Institute for Advanced Study, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yunxu Zhu
- Laboratory of Neurovascular Biology, School of Life Sciences, Westlake University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xuzhao Li
- Key Laboratory of Growth Regulation and Translation Research of Zhejiang Province, School of Life Sciences, Westlake University, Hangzhou, China
- Laboratory of Neurovascular Biology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Westlake Institute for Advanced Study, Hangzhou, China
- Westlake Laboratory of Life Sciences and Biomedicine, Hangzhou, China
- Laboratory of Neurovascular Biology, School of Life Sciences, Westlake University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Tingbo Li
- Key Laboratory of Growth Regulation and Translation Research of Zhejiang Province, School of Life Sciences, Westlake University, Hangzhou, China
- Laboratory of Neurovascular Biology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Westlake Institute for Advanced Study, Hangzhou, China
- Westlake Laboratory of Life Sciences and Biomedicine, Hangzhou, China
- Laboratory of Neurovascular Biology, School of Life Sciences, Westlake University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Lili Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Growth Regulation and Translation Research of Zhejiang Province, School of Life Sciences, Westlake University, Hangzhou, China
- Laboratory of Neurovascular Biology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Westlake Institute for Advanced Study, Hangzhou, China
- Westlake Laboratory of Life Sciences and Biomedicine, Hangzhou, China
- Laboratory of Neurovascular Biology, School of Life Sciences, Westlake University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Qingzhu Gao
- Laboratory of Neurovascular Biology, School of Life Sciences, Westlake University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Guoxiao Zheng
- Laboratory of Neurovascular Biology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Westlake Institute for Advanced Study, Hangzhou, China
| | - Bingrui Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Growth Regulation and Translation Research of Zhejiang Province, School of Life Sciences, Westlake University, Hangzhou, China
- Laboratory of Neurovascular Biology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Westlake Institute for Advanced Study, Hangzhou, China
- Westlake Laboratory of Life Sciences and Biomedicine, Hangzhou, China
- Laboratory of Neurovascular Biology, School of Life Sciences, Westlake University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xiangqing Li
- College of Artificial Intelligence and Big Data for Medical Sciences, Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, China
| | - Yanming Zhu
- Huashan Hospital, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Program in Speech and Hearing Bioscience and Technology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Jinsong Wu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Huashan Hospital, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Brain Function Laboratory, Neurosurgical Institute of Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Institute of Brain-Intelligence Technology, Zhangjiang Lab, Shanghai, China, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Brain Function and Restoration and Neural Regeneration, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Clinical Medical Center of Neurosurgery, Shanghai, China
| | - Wensheng Li
- Department of Anatomy, Histology, and Embryology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jingwei Zhao
- Department of Anatomy, Histology, and Embryology, Research Center of Systemic Medicine, School of Basic Medicine, and Department of Pathology of the Sir Run-Run Shaw Hospital, The Cryo-EM Center, NHC and CAMS Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Woo-Ping Ge
- Chinese Institute for Brain Research, Beijing, Beijing, China
| | - Tian Xu
- Key Laboratory of Growth Regulation and Translation Research of Zhejiang Province, School of Life Sciences, Westlake University, Hangzhou, China
- Westlake Laboratory of Life Sciences and Biomedicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jie-Min Jia
- Key Laboratory of Growth Regulation and Translation Research of Zhejiang Province, School of Life Sciences, Westlake University, Hangzhou, China.
- Laboratory of Neurovascular Biology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Westlake Institute for Advanced Study, Hangzhou, China.
- Westlake Laboratory of Life Sciences and Biomedicine, Hangzhou, China.
- Laboratory of Neurovascular Biology, School of Life Sciences, Westlake University, Hangzhou, China.
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Jia M, Jin F, Li S, Ren C, Ruchi M, Ding Y, Zhao W, Ji X. No-reflow after stroke reperfusion therapy: An emerging phenomenon to be explored. CNS Neurosci Ther 2024; 30:e14631. [PMID: 38358074 PMCID: PMC10867879 DOI: 10.1111/cns.14631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2023] [Revised: 01/02/2024] [Accepted: 01/21/2024] [Indexed: 02/16/2024] Open
Abstract
In the field of stroke thrombectomy, ineffective clinical and angiographic reperfusion after successful recanalization has drawn attention. Partial or complete microcirculatory reperfusion failure after the achievement of full patency of a former obstructed large vessel, known as the "no-reflow phenomenon" or "microvascular obstruction," was first reported in the 1960s and was later detected in both experimental models and patients with stroke. The no-reflow phenomenon (NRP) was reported to result from intraluminal occlusions formed by blood components and extraluminal constriction exerted by the surrounding structures of the vessel wall. More recently, an emerging number of clinical studies have estimated the prevalence of the NRP in stroke patients following reperfusion therapy, ranging from 3.3% to 63% depending on its evaluation methods or study population. Studies also demonstrated its detrimental effects on infarction progress and neurological outcomes. In this review, we discuss the research advances, underlying pathogenesis, diagnostic techniques, and management approaches concerning the no-reflow phenomenon in the stroke population to provide a comprehensive understanding of this phenomenon and offer references for future investigations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Milan Jia
- Department of Neurology, Xuanwu HospitalCapital Medical UniversityBeijingChina
| | - Feiyang Jin
- Department of Neurology, Xuanwu HospitalCapital Medical UniversityBeijingChina
| | - Sijie Li
- Department of Emergency, Xuanwu HospitalCapital Medical UniversityBeijingChina
| | - Changhong Ren
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Hypoxic Conditioning Translational Medicine, Xuanwu HospitalCapital Medical UniversityBeijingChina
| | - Mangal Ruchi
- Department of NeurosurgeryWayne State University School of MedicineDetroitMichiganUSA
| | - Yuchuan Ding
- Department of NeurosurgeryWayne State University School of MedicineDetroitMichiganUSA
| | - Wenbo Zhao
- Department of Neurology, Xuanwu HospitalCapital Medical UniversityBeijingChina
| | - Xunming Ji
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xuanwu HospitalCapital Medical UniversityBeijingChina
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Romay MC, Knutsen RH, Ma F, Mompeón A, Hernandez GE, Salvador J, Mirkov S, Batra A, Sullivan DP, Procissi D, Buchanan S, Kronquist E, Ferrante EA, Muller WA, Walshon J, Steffens A, McCortney K, Horbinski C, Tournier‑Lasserve E, Sonabend AM, Sorond FA, Wang MM, Boehm M, Kozel BA, Iruela-Arispe ML. Age-related loss of Notch3 underlies brain vascular contractility deficiencies, glymphatic dysfunction, and neurodegeneration in mice. J Clin Invest 2024; 134:e166134. [PMID: 38015629 PMCID: PMC10786701 DOI: 10.1172/jci166134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2022] [Accepted: 11/14/2023] [Indexed: 11/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Vascular aging affects multiple organ systems, including the brain, where it can lead to vascular dementia. However, a concrete understanding of how aging specifically affects the brain vasculature, along with molecular readouts, remains vastly incomplete. Here, we demonstrate that aging is associated with a marked decline in Notch3 signaling in both murine and human brain vessels. To clarify the consequences of Notch3 loss in the brain vasculature, we used single-cell transcriptomics and found that Notch3 inactivation alters regulation of calcium and contractile function and promotes a notable increase in extracellular matrix. These alterations adversely impact vascular reactivity, manifesting as dilation, tortuosity, microaneurysms, and decreased cerebral blood flow, as observed by MRI. Combined, these vascular impairments hinder glymphatic flow and result in buildup of glycosaminoglycans within the brain parenchyma. Remarkably, this phenomenon mirrors a key pathological feature found in brains of patients with CADASIL, a hereditary vascular dementia associated with NOTCH3 missense mutations. Additionally, single-cell RNA sequencing of the neuronal compartment in aging Notch3-null mice unveiled patterns reminiscent of those observed in neurodegenerative diseases. These findings offer direct evidence that age-related NOTCH3 deficiencies trigger a progressive decline in vascular function, subsequently affecting glymphatic flow and culminating in neurodegeneration.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Milagros C. Romay
- Department of Cell and Development Biology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | | | - Feiyang Ma
- Department of Cell and Development Biology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Ana Mompeón
- Department of Cell and Development Biology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Gloria E. Hernandez
- Department of Cell and Development Biology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, USA
- Molecular Biology Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Jocelynda Salvador
- Department of Cell and Development Biology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Snezana Mirkov
- Department of Cell and Development Biology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Ayush Batra
- Department of Pathology
- Department of Neurology, and
| | | | - Daniele Procissi
- Department of Radiology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois, USA
| | - Samuel Buchanan
- Department of Cell and Development Biology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Elise Kronquist
- National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Elisa A. Ferrante
- National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular Regenerative Medicine, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | | | - Jordain Walshon
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Alicia Steffens
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Kathleen McCortney
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Craig Horbinski
- Department of Pathology
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Elisabeth Tournier‑Lasserve
- Inserm NeuroDiderot, Université Paris Cité, Paris, France
- Service de Génétique Neurovasculaire, Assistance Publique–Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpital Saint-Louis, Paris, France
| | - Adam M. Sonabend
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, USA
- Northwestern Medicine Malnati Brain Tumor Institute of the Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | | | - Michael M. Wang
- Department of Neurology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
- VA Ann Arbor Healthcare System, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Manfred Boehm
- National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular Regenerative Medicine, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Beth A. Kozel
- National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - M. Luisa Iruela-Arispe
- Department of Cell and Development Biology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Xiao C, Sun Y, Huang H, Yue X, Song Z, David T, Xu S. Cellular communication among smooth muscle cells: The role of membrane potential via connexins. J Theor Biol 2024; 576:111627. [PMID: 37977477 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtbi.2023.111627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2023] [Revised: 09/16/2023] [Accepted: 09/25/2023] [Indexed: 11/19/2023]
Abstract
Communication via action potentials among neurons has been extensively studied. However, effective communication without action potentials is ubiquitous in biological systems, yet it has received much less attention in comparison. Multi-cellular communication among smooth muscles is crucial for regulating blood flow, for example. Understanding the mechanism of this non-action potential communication is critical in many cases, like synchronization of cellular activity, under normal and pathological conditions. In this paper, we employ a multi-scale asymptotic method to derive a macroscopic homogenized bidomain model from the microscopic electro-neutral (EN) model. This is achieved by considering different diffusion coefficients and incorporating nonlinear interface conditions. Subsequently, the homogenized macroscopic model is used to investigate communication in multi-cellular tissues. Our computational simulations reveal that the membrane potential of syncytia, formed by interconnected cells via connexins, plays a crucial role in propagating oscillations from one region to another, providing an effective means for fast cellular communication. Statement of Significance: In this study, we investigated cellular communication and ion transport in vascular smooth muscle cells, shedding light on their mechanisms under normal and abnormal conditions. Our research highlights the potential of mathematical models in understanding complex biological systems. We developed effective macroscale electro-neutral bi-domain ion transport models and examined their behavior in response to different stimuli. Our findings revealed the crucial role of connexinmediated membrane potential changes and demonstrated the effectiveness of cellular communication through syncytium membranes. Despite some limitations, our study provides valuable insights into these processes and emphasizes the importance of mathematical modeling in unraveling the complexities of cellular communication and ion transport.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chun Xiao
- School of Mathematics and Statistics, Lingnan Normal University, Zhanjiang, 524048, China.
| | - Yishui Sun
- Department of Applied Mathematics and Theoretical Physics, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB3 0WA, United Kingdom.
| | - Huaxiong Huang
- Research Center for Mathematics, Advanced Institute of Natural Sciences, Beijing Normal University, Zhuhai, Guangdong, 519088, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Interdisciplinary Research and Application for Data Science, BNU-HKBU United International College, Zhuhai, Guangdong, 519088, China; Laboratory of Mathematics and Complex Systems, MOE, Beijing Normal University, 100875, Beijing, China; Department of Mathematics and Statistics York University, Toronto, ON, M3J 1P3, Canada.
| | - Xingye Yue
- School of Mathematical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou 215006, China.
| | - Zilong Song
- Math and Statistics Department, Utah State University, Old Main Hill, Logan , UT 84322, USA.
| | - Tim David
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Canterbury, Private Bag 4800, Christchurch, 8041, New Zealand.
| | - Shixin Xu
- Zu Chongzhi Center for Mathematics and Computational Sciences (CMCS), Duke Kunshan University, Kunshan, 215316, China.
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Wen W, Cheng J, Tang Y. Brain perivascular macrophages: current understanding and future prospects. Brain 2024; 147:39-55. [PMID: 37691438 PMCID: PMC10766266 DOI: 10.1093/brain/awad304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2023] [Revised: 07/28/2023] [Accepted: 08/07/2023] [Indexed: 09/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Brain perivascular macrophages are specialized populations of macrophages that reside in the space around cerebral vessels, such as penetrating arteries and venules. With the help of cutting-edge technologies, such as cell fate mapping and single-cell multi-omics, their multifaceted, pivotal roles in phagocytosis, antigen presentation, vascular integrity maintenance and metabolic regulation have more recently been further revealed under physiological conditions. Accumulating evidence also implies that perivascular macrophages are involved in the pathogenesis of neurodegenerative disease, cerebrovascular dysfunction, autoimmune disease, traumatic brain injury and epilepsy. They can act in either protective or detrimental ways depending on the disease course and stage. However, the underlying mechanisms of perivascular macrophages remain largely unknown. Therefore, we highlight potential future directions in research on perivascular macrophages, including the utilization of genetic mice and novel therapeutic strategies that target these unique immune cells for neuroprotective purposes. In conclusion, this review provides a comprehensive update on the current knowledge of brain perivascular macrophages, shedding light on their pivotal roles in central nervous system health and disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wenjie Wen
- Department of Neurology, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510120, China
- Brain Research Center, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510120, China
- Nanhai Translational Innovation Center of Precision Immunology, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Foshan 528200, China
| | - Jinping Cheng
- Department of Neurology, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510120, China
- Brain Research Center, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510120, China
- Nanhai Translational Innovation Center of Precision Immunology, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Foshan 528200, China
| | - Yamei Tang
- Department of Neurology, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510120, China
- Brain Research Center, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510120, China
- Nanhai Translational Innovation Center of Precision Immunology, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Foshan 528200, China
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
van Splunder H, Villacampa P, Martínez-Romero A, Graupera M. Pericytes in the disease spotlight. Trends Cell Biol 2024; 34:58-71. [PMID: 37474376 PMCID: PMC10777571 DOI: 10.1016/j.tcb.2023.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2023] [Revised: 06/01/2023] [Accepted: 06/09/2023] [Indexed: 07/22/2023]
Abstract
Pericytes are known as the mural cells in small-caliber vessels that interact closely with the endothelium. Pericytes play a key role in vasculature formation and homeostasis, and when dysfunctional contribute to vasculature-related diseases such as diabetic retinopathy and neurodegenerative conditions. In addition, significant extravascular roles of pathological pericytes are being discovered with relevant implications for cancer and fibrosis. Pericyte research is challenged by the lack of consistent molecular markers and clear discrimination criteria versus other (mural) cells. However, advances in single-cell approaches are uncovering and clarifying mural cell identities, biological functions, and ontogeny across organs. We discuss the latest developments in pericyte pathobiology to inform future research directions and potential outcomes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hielke van Splunder
- Endothelial Pathobiology and Microenviroment Group, Josep Carreras Leukemia Research Institute (IJC), 08916 Badalona, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Pilar Villacampa
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Barcelona and Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBELL), Carrer de la Feixa Llarga s/n, 08907 l'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Anabel Martínez-Romero
- Endothelial Pathobiology and Microenviroment Group, Josep Carreras Leukemia Research Institute (IJC), 08916 Badalona, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Mariona Graupera
- Endothelial Pathobiology and Microenviroment Group, Josep Carreras Leukemia Research Institute (IJC), 08916 Badalona, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain; Institución Catalana de Investigación y Estudios Avanzados (ICREA), Passeig de Lluís Companys 23, Barcelona, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Cáncer (CIBERONC), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Avenida de Monforte de Lemos 5, 28029 Madrid, Spain.
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
ter Schiphorst A, Turc G, Hassen WB, Oppenheim C, Baron JC. Incidence, severity and impact on functional outcome of persistent hypoperfusion despite large-vessel recanalization, a potential marker of impaired microvascular reperfusion: Systematic review of the clinical literature. J Cereb Blood Flow Metab 2024; 44:38-49. [PMID: 37871624 PMCID: PMC10905632 DOI: 10.1177/0271678x231209069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2023] [Revised: 09/02/2023] [Accepted: 10/02/2023] [Indexed: 10/25/2023]
Abstract
The reported incidence of persistent hypoperfusion despite complete recanalization as surrogate for impaired microvascular reperfusion (IMR) has varied widely among clinical studies, possibly due to differences in i) definition of complete recanalization, with only recent Thrombolysis in Cerebral Infarction (TICI) grading schemes allowing distinction between complete (TICI3) and partial recanalization with distal occlusions (TICI2c); ii) operational definition of IMR; and iii) consideration of potential alternative causes for hypoperfusion, notably carotid stenosis, re-occlusion and post-thrombectomy hemorrhage. We performed a systematic review to identify clinical studies that carried out brain perfusion imaging within 72 hrs post-thrombectomy for anterior circulation stroke and reported hypoperfusion rates separately for TICI3 and TICI2c grades. Authors were contacted if this data was missing. We identified eight eligible articles, altogether reporting 636 patients. The incidence of IMR after complete recanalization (i.e., TICI3) tended to decrease with the number of considered alternative causes of hypoperfusion: range 12.5-42.9%, 0-31.6% and 0-9.1% in articles that considered none, two or all three causes, respectively. No study reported the impact of IMR on functional outcome separately for TICI-3 patients. Based on this systematic review, IMR in true complete recanalization appears relatively rare, and reported incidence highly depends on definition used and consideration of confounding factors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Adrien ter Schiphorst
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital of Montpellier, CHU Gui de Chauliac, Montpellier, France
| | - Guillaume Turc
- Department of Neurology, GHU Paris Psychiatrie et Neurosciences, Hôpital Sainte-Anne, Université Paris Cité, Inserm U1266, FHU NeuroVasc, Paris, France
| | - Wagih Ben Hassen
- Department of Neuroradiology, GHU Paris Psychiatrie et Neurosciences, Hôpital Sainte-Anne, Université Paris Cité, Inserm U1266, Paris, France
| | - Catherine Oppenheim
- Department of Neuroradiology, GHU Paris Psychiatrie et Neurosciences, Hôpital Sainte-Anne, Université Paris Cité, Inserm U1266, Paris, France
| | - Jean-Claude Baron
- Department of Neurology, GHU Paris Psychiatrie et Neurosciences, Hôpital Sainte-Anne, Université Paris Cité, Inserm U1266, FHU NeuroVasc, Paris, France
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Baggeroer CE, Cambronero FE, Savan NA, Jefferson AL, Santisteban MM. Basic Mechanisms of Brain Injury and Cognitive Decline in Hypertension. Hypertension 2024; 81:34-44. [PMID: 37732479 PMCID: PMC10840624 DOI: 10.1161/hypertensionaha.123.19939] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/22/2023]
Abstract
Dementia affects almost 50 million adults worldwide, and remains a major cause of death and disability. Hypertension is a leading risk factor for dementia, including Alzheimer disease and Alzheimer disease-related dementias. Although this association is well-established, the mechanisms underlying hypertension-induced cognitive decline remain poorly understood. By exploring the mechanisms mediating the detrimental effects of hypertension on the brain, studies have aimed to provide therapeutic insights and strategies on how to protect the brain from the effects of blood pressure elevation. In this review, we focus on the basic mechanisms contributing to the cerebrovascular adaptions to elevated blood pressure and hypertension-induced microvascular injury. We also assess the cellular mechanisms of neurovascular unit dysfunction, focusing on the premise that cognitive impairment ensues when the dynamic metabolic demands of neurons are not met due to neurovascular uncoupling, and summarize cognitive deficits across various rodent models of hypertension as a resource for investigators. Despite significant advances in antihypertensive therapy, hypertension remains a critical risk factor for cognitive decline, and several questions remain about the development and progression of hypertension-induced cognitive impairment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Caroline E. Baggeroer
- Vanderbilt Memory and Alzheimer’s Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN
| | - Francis E. Cambronero
- Vanderbilt Memory and Alzheimer’s Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN
| | - N. Anna Savan
- Medical Scientist Training Program, Yale University, New Haven, CT
| | - Angela L. Jefferson
- Vanderbilt Memory and Alzheimer’s Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN
- Department of Neurology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN
| | - Monica M. Santisteban
- Vanderbilt Memory and Alzheimer’s Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN
- Department of Neurology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Iba C, Abe Y, Tanaka KF. Optogenetic demonstration of the involvement of SMA-negative mural cells in the regulation of cerebral blood flow. Front Physiol 2023; 14:1322250. [PMID: 38187133 PMCID: PMC10771846 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2023.1322250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2023] [Accepted: 12/08/2023] [Indexed: 01/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Mural cells are critical components of the cerebral vasculature. They are categorized into three primary subsets: arteriole smooth muscle cells (aSMCs), pericytes (PCs) and venule smooth muscle cells (vSMCs). It is well known that aSMCs can directly regulate cerebral blood flow (CBF) with their own contraction and dilation mechanisms. On the other hand, the direct involvement of PCs or vSMCs in CBF regulation is controversial. This ambiguity is largely due to the lack of specifically manipulable tools to isolate their function. To address this issue, we employed a set-subtraction approach by using a combination of tTA-mediated gene induction and Cre-mediated gene excision. We developed transgenic mice expressing optical actuators, channelrhodopsin-2 (ChR2) and photoactivated adenylyl cyclase (PAC) in smooth muscle actin (SMA)-negative mural cells that lack the machinery for SMA-mediated vasoregulation. Using these mouse models, we assessed CBF alterations in response to optical stimulation using laser Doppler techniques. Our results showed that optical stimulation induced notable CBF changes in both models. This study provides evidence for the potential regulatory role of PCs and vSMCs in cerebral hemodynamics and introduces powerful tools to specifically manipulate these cell types in vascular neurobiology.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Kenji F. Tanaka
- Division of Brain Sciences, Institute for Advanced Medical Research, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
You TY, Dong Q, Cui M. Emerging Links between Cerebral Blood Flow Regulation and Cognitive Decline: A Role for Brain Microvascular Pericytes. Aging Dis 2023:AD.2022.1204. [PMID: 37163446 PMCID: PMC10389833 DOI: 10.14336/ad.2022.1204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2022] [Accepted: 12/04/2022] [Indexed: 05/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Cognitive impairment associated with vascular etiology has been of considerable interest in the development of dementia. Recent studies have started to uncover cerebral blood flow deficits in initiating cognitive deterioration. Brain microvascular pericytes, the only type of contractile cells in capillaries, are involved in the precise modulation of vascular hemodynamics due to their ability to regulate resistance in the capillaries. They exhibit potential in maintaining the capillary network geometry and basal vascular tone. In addition, pericytes can facilitate better blood flow supply in response to neurovascular coupling. Their dysfunction is thought to disturb cerebral blood flow causing metabolic imbalances or structural injuries, leading to consequent cognitive decline. In this review, we summarize the characteristics of microvascular pericytes in brain blood flow regulation and outline the framework of a two-hit hypothesis in cognitive decline, where we emphasize how pericytes serve as targets of cerebral blood flow dysregulation that occurs with neurological challenges, ranging from genetic factors, aging, and pathological proteins to ischemic stress.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tong-Yao You
- Department of Neurology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Qiang Dong
- Department of Neurology, Huashan Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- National Center for Neurological Disorders, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Mei Cui
- Department of Neurology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Hu S, Yang B, Shu S, He X, Sang H, Fan X, Zhang H. Targeting Pericytes for Functional Recovery in Ischemic Stroke. Neuromolecular Med 2023; 25:457-470. [PMID: 37166748 DOI: 10.1007/s12017-023-08748-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2023] [Accepted: 05/03/2023] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Pericytes surrounding endothelial cells in the capillaries are emerging as an attractive cell resource, which can show a large variety of functions in ischemic stroke, including preservation of the blood-brain barrier, regulation of immune function, and support for cerebral vasculature. These functions have been fully elucidated in previous studies. However, in recent years, increasing evidence has shown that pericytes play an important role in neurological recovery after ischemic stroke due to their regenerative function which can be summarized in two aspects according to current discoveries, one is that pericytes are thought to be multipotential themselves, and the other is that pericytes can promote the differentiation of oligodendrocyte progenitor cells (OPCs). Considering the neuroprotective treatment for stroke has not been much progressed in recent years, new therapies targeting pericytes may be a future direction. Here, we will review the beneficial effects of pericytes in ischemic stroke from two directions: the barrier and vascular functions and the regenerative functions of pericytes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shuqi Hu
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated Hangzhou First People's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310006, Zhejiang, China
| | - Bingjie Yang
- Department of Neurology, The Fourth Clinical School of Medicine, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, 310053, Zhejiang, China
| | - Song Shu
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated Hangzhou First People's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310006, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xudong He
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated Hangzhou First People's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310006, Zhejiang, China
| | - Hongfei Sang
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated Hangzhou First People's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310006, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xuemei Fan
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated Hangzhou First People's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310006, Zhejiang, China
| | - Hao Zhang
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated Hangzhou First People's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310006, Zhejiang, China.
- Department of Neurology, The Fourth Clinical School of Medicine, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, 310053, Zhejiang, China.
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Mitsui R, Miwa-Nishimura K, Hashitani H. Roles of endothelial prostaglandin I 2 in maintaining synchronous spontaneous Ca 2+ transients in rectal capillary pericytes. J Physiol 2023; 601:5213-5240. [PMID: 37819628 DOI: 10.1113/jp284284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2022] [Accepted: 09/25/2023] [Indexed: 10/13/2023] Open
Abstract
In hollow visceral organs, capillary pericytes appear to drive spontaneous Ca2+ transients in the upstream arterioles. Here, mechanisms underlying the intercellular synchrony of pericyte Ca2+ transients were explored. Ca2+ dynamics in NG2 chondroitin sulphate proteoglycan (NG2)-expressing capillary pericytes were examined using rectal mucosa-submucosa preparations of NG2-GCaMP6 mice. Spontaneous Ca2+ transients arising from endoplasmic reticulum Ca2+ release were synchronously developed amongst capillary pericytes in a gap junction blocker (3 μM carbenoxolone)-sensitive manner and could spread into upstream vascular segments. Spontaneous Ca2+ transients were suppressed by the Ca2+ -activated Cl- channel (CaCC) blocker niflumic acid and their synchrony was diminished by a TMEM16A inhibitor (3 μM Ani9) in accordance with TMEM16A immunoreactivity in pericytes. In capillaries where cyclooxygenase (COX)-2 immunoreactivity was expressed in endothelium but not pericytes, non-selective COX inhibitors (1 μM indomethacin or 10 μM diclofenac) or COX-2 inhibitor (10 μM NS 398) disrupted the synchrony of spontaneous Ca2+ transients and raised the basal Ca2+ level. Subsequent prostaglandin I2 (PGI2 ; 100 nM) or the KATP channel opener levcromakalim restored the synchrony with a reduction in the Ca2+ level. PGI2 receptor antagonist (1 μM RO1138452) also disrupted the synchrony of spontaneous Ca2+ transients and increased the basal Ca2+ level. Subsequent levcromakalim restored the synchrony and reversed the Ca2+ rise. Thus, the synchrony of spontaneous Ca2+ transients in pericytes appears to be developed by the spread of spontaneous transient depolarisations arising from the opening of TMEM16A CaCCs. Endothelial PGI2 may play a role in maintaining the synchrony, presumably by stabilising the resting membrane potential in pericytes. KEY POINTS: Capillary pericytes in the rectal mucosa generate synchronous spontaneous Ca2+ transients that could spread into the upstream vascular segment. Spontaneous Ca2+ release from the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) triggers the opening of Ca2+ -activated Cl- channel TMEM16A and resultant depolarisations that spread amongst pericytes via gap junctions, establishing the synchrony of spontaneous Ca2+ transients in pericytes. Prostaglandin I2 (PGI2 ), which is constitutively produced by the endothelium depending on cyclooxygenase-2, appears to prevent premature ER Ca2+ releases in the pericytes allowing periodic, regenerative Ca2+ releases. Endothelial PGI2 may maintain the synchrony of pericyte activity by stabilising pericyte resting membrane potential by opening of KATP channels.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Retsu Mitsui
- Department of Cell Physiology, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya, Aichi, Japan
| | - Kyoko Miwa-Nishimura
- Department of Cell Physiology, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya, Aichi, Japan
| | - Hikaru Hashitani
- Department of Cell Physiology, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya, Aichi, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
Bonney SK, Nielson CD, Sosa MJ, Shih AY. Capillary regression leads to sustained local hypoperfusion by inducing constriction of upstream transitional vessels. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.10.28.564529. [PMID: 37961686 PMCID: PMC10635020 DOI: 10.1101/2023.10.28.564529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2023]
Abstract
In the brain, a microvascular sensory web coordinates oxygen delivery to regions of neuronal activity. This involves a dense network of capillaries that send conductive signals upstream to feeding arterioles to promote vasodilation and blood flow. Although this process is critical to the metabolic supply of healthy brain tissue, it may also be a point of vulnerability in disease. Deterioration of capillary networks is a hallmark of many neurological disorders and how this web is engaged during vascular damage remains unknown. We performed in vivo two-photon microscopy on young adult mural cell reporter mice and induced focal capillary injuries using precise two-photon laser irradiation of single capillaries. We found that ∼63% of the injuries resulted in regression of the capillary segment 7-14 days following injury, and the remaining repaired to re-establish blood flow within 7 days. Injuries that resulted in capillary regression induced sustained vasoconstriction in the upstream arteriole-capillary transition (ACT) zone at least 21 days post-injury in both awake and anesthetized mice. This abnormal vasoconstriction involved attenuation of vasomotor dynamics and uncoupling from mural cell calcium signaling following capillary regression. Consequently, blood flow was reduced in the ACT zone and in secondary, uninjured downstream capillaries. These findings demonstrate how capillary injury and regression, as often seen in age-related neurological disease, can impair the microvascular sensory web and contribute to cerebral hypoperfusion. SIGNIFICANCE Deterioration of the capillary network is a characteristic of many neurological diseases and can exacerbate neuronal dysfunction and degeneration due to poor blood perfusion. Here we show that focal capillary injuries can induce vessel regression and elicit sustained vasoconstriction in upstream transitional vessels that branch from cortical penetrating arterioles. This reduces blood flow to broader, uninjured regions of the same microvascular network. These findings suggest that widespread and cumulative damage to brain capillaries in neurological disease may broadly affect blood supply and contribute to hypoperfusion through their remote actions.
Collapse
|
39
|
Larriva-Sahd J, Martínez-Cabrera G, Lozano-Flores C, Concha L, Varela-Echavarría A. The neurovascular unit of capillary blood vessels in the rat nervous system. A rapid-Golgi electron microscopy study. J Comp Neurol 2023; 532:e25559. [PMID: 38009706 DOI: 10.1002/cne.25559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2023] [Revised: 06/28/2023] [Accepted: 10/17/2023] [Indexed: 11/29/2023]
Abstract
We describe a pericapillary organ in the rat forebrain and cerebellar cortex. It consists of a series of tripartite synapses with synaptic extensions enveloped by astrocytic endfeet that are linked to the capillary wall by synaptic extensions. Reciprocal specializations of the pericyte-capillary blood vessel (CBV) with such specialized synapses suggest a mechanoreceptor role. In Golgi-impregnated and 3D reconstructions of the cerebral cortex and thalamus, a series of TSs appear to be sequentially ordered in a common dendrite, paralleled by synaptic outgrowths termed golf club synaptic extensions (GCE) opposed to a longitudinal crest (LC) from the capillary basal lamina (BL). Our results show that, in the cerebellar cortex, afferent fibers and interneurons display microanatomical structures that strongly suggest an interaction with the capillary wall. Afferent mossy fiber (MF) rosettes and ascending granule cell axons and their dendrites define the pericapillary passage interactions that are entangled by endfeet. The presence of mRNA of the mechanosensitive channel Piezo1 in the MF rosettes, together with the surrounding end-feet and the capillary wall form mechanosensory units. The ubiquity of such units to modulate synaptic transmission is also supported by Piezo1 mRNA expressing pyramidal isocortical and thalamic neurons. This scenario suggests that ascending impulses to the cerebellar and cortical targets are presynaptically modulated by the reciprocal interaction with the mechanosensory pericapillary organ that ultimately modulates the vasomotor response.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jorge Larriva-Sahd
- Campus Juriquilla, Instituto de Neurobiología Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Querétaro, México
| | - Gema Martínez-Cabrera
- Campus Juriquilla, Instituto de Neurobiología Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Querétaro, México
| | - Carlos Lozano-Flores
- Campus Juriquilla, Instituto de Neurobiología Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Querétaro, México
| | - Luis Concha
- Campus Juriquilla, Instituto de Neurobiología Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Querétaro, México
| | - Alfredo Varela-Echavarría
- Campus Juriquilla, Instituto de Neurobiología Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Querétaro, México
| |
Collapse
|
40
|
Zhong R, Xu Y, Williams JW, Li L. Loss of TREM2 exacerbates parenchymal amyloid pathology but diminishes CAA in Tg-SwDI mice. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.11.04.565659. [PMID: 37961542 PMCID: PMC10635150 DOI: 10.1101/2023.11.04.565659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2023]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disease, and it is the most common cause of dementia worldwide. Recent genome-wide association studies (GWAS) identified TREM2 (triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells 2) as one of the major risk factors for AD. TREM2 is a surface receptor expressed on microglia and largely mediates microglial functions and immune homeostasis in the brain. The functions of TREM2 in AD pathogenesis, including in the formation of the key pathology parenchymal amyloid-β (Aβ) plaques, have been investigated by introducing Trem2 deficiency in AD mouse models. However, the role of TREM2 in cerebrovascular amyloidosis, in particular cerebral amyloid angiopathy (CAA) remains unexplored. CAA features Aβ deposition along the cerebral vessels, signifying an intersection between AD and vascular dysfunction. Using a well-characterized CAA-prone, transgenic mouse model of AD, Tg-SwDI (SwDI), we found that loss of TREM2 led to a marked increase in overall Aβ load in the brain, but a dramatic decrease in CAA in microvessel-rich regions, along with reduced microglial association with CAA. Transcriptomic analysis revealed that in the absence of Trem2 , microglia were activated but trapped in transition to the fully reactive state. Like microglia, perivascular macrophages were activated with upregulation of cell junction related pathways in Trem2 -deficient SwDI mice. In addition, vascular mural cells and astrocytes exhibited distinct responses to Trem2 deficiency, contributing to the pathological changes in the brain of Trem2 -null SwDI mice. Our study provides the first evidence that TREM2 differentially modulates parenchymal and vascular Aβ pathologies, which may have significant implications for both TREM2- and Aβ-targeting therapies for AD.
Collapse
|
41
|
Alarcon-Martinez L, Shiga Y, Villafranca-Baughman D, Cueva Vargas JL, Vidal Paredes IA, Quintero H, Fortune B, Danesh-Meyer H, Di Polo A. Neurovascular dysfunction in glaucoma. Prog Retin Eye Res 2023; 97:101217. [PMID: 37778617 DOI: 10.1016/j.preteyeres.2023.101217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2023] [Revised: 09/23/2023] [Accepted: 09/25/2023] [Indexed: 10/03/2023]
Abstract
Retinal ganglion cells, the neurons that die in glaucoma, are endowed with a high metabolism requiring optimal provision of oxygen and nutrients to sustain their activity. The timely regulation of blood flow is, therefore, essential to supply firing neurons in active areas with the oxygen and glucose they need for energy. Many glaucoma patients suffer from vascular deficits including reduced blood flow, impaired autoregulation, neurovascular coupling dysfunction, and blood-retina/brain-barrier breakdown. These processes are tightly regulated by a community of cells known as the neurovascular unit comprising neurons, endothelial cells, pericytes, Müller cells, astrocytes, and microglia. In this review, the neurovascular unit takes center stage as we examine the ability of its members to regulate neurovascular interactions and how their function might be altered during glaucomatous stress. Pericytes receive special attention based on recent data demonstrating their key role in the regulation of neurovascular coupling in physiological and pathological conditions. Of particular interest is the discovery and characterization of tunneling nanotubes, thin actin-based conduits that connect distal pericytes, which play essential roles in the complex spatial and temporal distribution of blood within the retinal capillary network. We discuss cellular and molecular mechanisms of neurovascular interactions and their pathophysiological implications, while highlighting opportunities to develop strategies for vascular protection and regeneration to improve functional outcomes in glaucoma.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Luis Alarcon-Martinez
- Department of Neuroscience, Université de Montréal, PO Box 6128, Station centre-ville, Montreal, QC, Canada; Neuroscience Division, Centre de recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (CRCHUM), 900 Saint Denis Street, Montreal, QC, Canada; Centre for Eye Research Australia, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Yukihiro Shiga
- Department of Neuroscience, Université de Montréal, PO Box 6128, Station centre-ville, Montreal, QC, Canada; Neuroscience Division, Centre de recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (CRCHUM), 900 Saint Denis Street, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Deborah Villafranca-Baughman
- Department of Neuroscience, Université de Montréal, PO Box 6128, Station centre-ville, Montreal, QC, Canada; Neuroscience Division, Centre de recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (CRCHUM), 900 Saint Denis Street, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Jorge L Cueva Vargas
- Department of Neuroscience, Université de Montréal, PO Box 6128, Station centre-ville, Montreal, QC, Canada; Neuroscience Division, Centre de recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (CRCHUM), 900 Saint Denis Street, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Isaac A Vidal Paredes
- Department of Neuroscience, Université de Montréal, PO Box 6128, Station centre-ville, Montreal, QC, Canada; Neuroscience Division, Centre de recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (CRCHUM), 900 Saint Denis Street, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Heberto Quintero
- Department of Neuroscience, Université de Montréal, PO Box 6128, Station centre-ville, Montreal, QC, Canada; Neuroscience Division, Centre de recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (CRCHUM), 900 Saint Denis Street, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Brad Fortune
- Discoveries in Sight Research Laboratories, Devers Eye Institute and Legacy Research Institute, Legacy Healthy, Portland, OR, USA
| | - Helen Danesh-Meyer
- Department of Ophthalmology, New Zealand National Eye Centre, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, University of Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Adriana Di Polo
- Department of Neuroscience, Université de Montréal, PO Box 6128, Station centre-ville, Montreal, QC, Canada; Neuroscience Division, Centre de recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (CRCHUM), 900 Saint Denis Street, Montreal, QC, Canada.
| |
Collapse
|
42
|
Zawieja SD, Pea GA, Broyhill SE, Bromert KH, Norton CE, Kim HJ, Li M, Castorena-Gonzalez JA, Drumm BT, Davis MJ. Lymphatic muscle cells are the innate pacemaker cells regulating mouse lymphatic collecting vessel contractions. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.08.24.554619. [PMID: 37662284 PMCID: PMC10473772 DOI: 10.1101/2023.08.24.554619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/05/2023]
Abstract
Collecting lymphatic vessels (cLVs) exhibit spontaneous contractions with a pressure-dependent frequency, but the identity of the lymphatic pacemaker cell is still debated. By analogy to pacemakers in the GI and lower urinary tracts, proposed cLV pacemaker cells include interstitial cells of Cajal like cells (ICLC), pericytes, as well as the lymphatic muscle (LMCs) cells themselves. Here we tested the extent to which these cell types are invested into the mouse cLV wall and if any cell type exhibited morphological and functional processes characteristic of pacemaker cells: a contiguous network; spontaneous Ca2+ transients; and depolarization-induced propagated contractions. We employed inducible Cre (iCre) mouse models routinely used to target these specific cell populations including: c-kitCreERT2 to target ICLC; PdgfrβCreERT2 to target pericytes; PdgfrαCreER™ to target CD34+ adventitial fibroblast-like cells or ICLC; and Myh11CreERT2 to target LMCs. These specific inducible Cre lines were crossed to the fluorescent reporter ROSA26mT/mG, the genetically encoded Ca2+ sensor GCaMP6f, and the light-activated cation channel rhodopsin2 (ChR2). c-KitCreERT2 labeled both a sparse population of LECs and round adventitial cells that responded to the mast cell activator compound 48-80. PdgfrβCreERT2 drove recombination in both adventitial cells and LMCs, limiting its power to discriminate a pericyte specific population. PdgfrαCreER™ labeled a large population of interconnected, oak leaf-shaped cells primarily along the adventitial surface of the vessel. Titrated induction of the smooth muscle-specific Myh11CreERT2 revealed a LMC population with heterogeneous morphology. Only LMCs consistently, but heterogeneously, displayed spontaneous Ca2+ events during the diastolic period of the contraction cycle, and whose frequency was modulated in a pressure-dependent manner. Optogenetic depolarization through the expression of ChR2 by Myh11CreERT2, but not PdgfrαCreER™ or c-KitCreERT2, resulted in a propagated contraction. These findings support the conclusion that LMCs, or a subset of LMCs, are responsible for mouse cLV pacemaking.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- S D Zawieja
- Dept. of Medical Pharmacology & Physiology, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri
| | - G A Pea
- Dept. of Medical Pharmacology & Physiology, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri
| | - S E Broyhill
- Dept. of Medical Pharmacology & Physiology, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri
| | - K H Bromert
- Dept. of Medical Pharmacology & Physiology, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri
| | - C E Norton
- Dept. of Medical Pharmacology & Physiology, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri
| | - H J Kim
- Dept. of Medical Pharmacology & Physiology, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri
| | - M Li
- Dept. of Medical Pharmacology & Physiology, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri
| | | | - B T Drumm
- Smooth Muscle Research Centre, Dundalk Institute of Technology, Dundalk, Co. Louth, A91 K584, Ireland
| | - M J Davis
- Dept. of Medical Pharmacology & Physiology, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri
| |
Collapse
|
43
|
Berends E, van Oostenbrugge RJ, Foulquier S, Schalkwijk CG. Methylglyoxal, a highly reactive dicarbonyl compound, as a threat for blood brain barrier integrity. Fluids Barriers CNS 2023; 20:75. [PMID: 37875994 PMCID: PMC10594715 DOI: 10.1186/s12987-023-00477-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2023] [Accepted: 10/10/2023] [Indexed: 10/26/2023] Open
Abstract
The brain is a highly metabolically active organ requiring a large amount of glucose. Methylglyoxal (MGO), a by-product of glucose metabolism, is known to be involved in microvascular dysfunction and is associated with reduced cognitive function. Maintenance of the blood-brain barrier (BBB) is essential to maintain optimal brain function and a large amount of evidence indicates negative effects of MGO on BBB integrity. In this review, we summarized the current literature on the effect of MGO on the different cell types forming the BBB. BBB damage by MGO most likely occurs in brain endothelial cells and mural cells, while astrocytes are most resistant to MGO. Microglia on the other hand appear to be not directly influenced by MGO but rather produce MGO upon activation. Although there is clear evidence that MGO affects components of the BBB, the impact of MGO on the BBB as a multicellular system warrants further investigation. Diminishing MGO stress can potentially form the basis for new treatment strategies for maintaining optimal brain function.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Eline Berends
- Department of Internal Medicine, Maastricht University, Universiteitssingel, Maastricht, 50 6229ER, The Netherlands
- Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht (CARIM), Maastricht University, Universiteitssingel 50, Maastricht, 6229ER, The Netherlands
| | - Robert J van Oostenbrugge
- Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht (CARIM), Maastricht University, Universiteitssingel 50, Maastricht, 6229ER, The Netherlands
- School for Mental Health and Neuroscience (MHeNs), Maastricht University, Universiteitssingel 40, Maastricht, 6229ER, The Netherlands
- Department of Neurology, Maastricht University Medical Centre (MUMC+), P. Debyelaan 25 6202AZ, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Sébastien Foulquier
- Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht (CARIM), Maastricht University, Universiteitssingel 50, Maastricht, 6229ER, The Netherlands.
- Department of Neurology, Maastricht University Medical Centre (MUMC+), P. Debyelaan 25 6202AZ, Maastricht, The Netherlands.
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Maastricht University, Universiteitssingel 50 6229ER, Maastricht, The Netherlands.
| | - Casper G Schalkwijk
- Department of Internal Medicine, Maastricht University, Universiteitssingel, Maastricht, 50 6229ER, The Netherlands.
- Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht (CARIM), Maastricht University, Universiteitssingel 50, Maastricht, 6229ER, The Netherlands.
| |
Collapse
|
44
|
Tong L, Han S, Xue Y, Chen M, Chen F, Ke W, Shu Y, Ding N, Bewersdorf J, Zhou ZJ, Yuan P, Grutzendler J. Single cell in vivo optogenetic stimulation by two-photon excitation fluorescence transfer. iScience 2023; 26:107857. [PMID: 37752954 PMCID: PMC10518705 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2023.107857] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2022] [Revised: 06/01/2023] [Accepted: 09/06/2023] [Indexed: 09/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Optogenetic manipulation with single-cell resolution can be achieved by two-photon excitation. However, this frequently requires relatively high laser powers. Here, we developed a novel strategy that can improve the efficiency of current two-photon stimulation technologies by positioning fluorescent proteins or small fluorescent molecules with high two-photon cross-sections in the vicinity of opsins. This generates a highly localized source of endogenous single-photon illumination that can be tailored to match the optimal opsin absorbance. Through neuronal and vascular stimulation in the live mouse brain, we demonstrate the utility of this technique to achieve efficient opsin stimulation, without loss of cellular resolution. We also provide a theoretical framework for understanding the potential advantages and constrains of this methodology, with directions for future improvements. Altogether, this fluorescence transfer illumination method opens new possibilities for experiments difficult to implement in the live brain such as all-optical neural interrogation and control of regional cerebral blood flow.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lei Tong
- Department of Neurology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06511, USA
| | - Shanshan Han
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Huashan Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, Institute for Translational Brain Research, MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Yao Xue
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06511, USA
| | - Minggang Chen
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06511, USA
| | - Fuyi Chen
- Department of Neurology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06511, USA
| | - Wei Ke
- Department of Neurology, Huashan Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, Institute for Translational Brain Research, MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Yousheng Shu
- Department of Neurology, Huashan Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, Institute for Translational Brain Research, MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Ning Ding
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Huashan Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, Institute for Translational Brain Research, MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Joerg Bewersdorf
- Department of Cell Biology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06511, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06511, USA
| | - Z. Jimmy Zhou
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06511, USA
- Department of Neuroscience, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06511, USA
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06511, USA
| | - Peng Yuan
- Department of Neurology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06511, USA
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Huashan Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, Institute for Translational Brain Research, MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Jaime Grutzendler
- Department of Neurology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06511, USA
- Department of Neuroscience, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06511, USA
| |
Collapse
|
45
|
Samaja M, Malavalli A, Vandegriff KD. How Nitric Oxide Hindered the Search for Hemoglobin-Based Oxygen Carriers as Human Blood Substitutes. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:14902. [PMID: 37834350 PMCID: PMC10573492 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241914902] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2023] [Revised: 09/30/2023] [Accepted: 10/02/2023] [Indexed: 10/15/2023] Open
Abstract
The search for a clinically affordable substitute of human blood for transfusion is still an unmet need of modern society. More than 50 years of research on acellular hemoglobin (Hb)-based oxygen carriers (HBOC) have not yet produced a single formulation able to carry oxygen to hemorrhage-challenged tissues without compromising the body's functions. Of the several bottlenecks encountered, the high reactivity of acellular Hb with circulating nitric oxide (NO) is particularly arduous to overcome because of the NO-scavenging effect, which causes life-threatening side effects as vasoconstriction, inflammation, coagulopathies, and redox imbalance. The purpose of this manuscript is not to add a review of candidate HBOC formulations but to focus on the biochemical and physiological events that underly NO scavenging by acellular Hb. To this purpose, we examine the differential chemistry of the reaction of NO with erythrocyte and acellular Hb, the NO signaling paths in physiological and HBOC-challenged situations, and the protein engineering tools that are predicted to modulate the NO-scavenging effect. A better understanding of two mechanisms linked to the NO reactivity of acellular Hb, the nitrosylated Hb and the nitrite reductase hypotheses, may become essential to focus HBOC research toward clinical targets.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Michele Samaja
- Department of Health Science, University of Milan, 20143 Milan, Italy
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
46
|
Lee HY, Jung YH, Mamadjonov N, Jeung KW, Lee BK, Kim T, Kim HJ, Gumucio JA, Salcido DD. Assessment of the Effects of Sodium Nitroprusside Administered Via Intracranial Subdural Catheters on the Cerebral Blood Flow and Lactate Using Dynamic Susceptibility Contrast Magnetic Resonance Imaging and Proton Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy in a Pig Cardiac Arrest Model. J Am Heart Assoc 2023; 12:e029774. [PMID: 37776216 PMCID: PMC10727238 DOI: 10.1161/jaha.123.029774] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2023] [Accepted: 08/29/2023] [Indexed: 10/02/2023]
Abstract
Background Cerebral blood flow (CBF) is impaired in the early phase after return of spontaneous circulation. Sodium nitroprusside (SNP) administration via intracranial subdural catheters improves cerebral cortical microcirculation. We determined whether the SNP treatment improves CBF in the subcortical tissue and evaluated the effects of this treatment on cerebral lactate. Methods and Results Sixty minutes after return of spontaneous circulation following 14 minutes of untreated cardiac arrest, 14 minipigs randomly received 4 mg SNP or saline via intracranial subdural catheters. CBF was measured in regions of interest within the cerebrum and thalamus using dynamic susceptibility contrast-magnetic resonance imaging. After return of spontaneous circulation, CBF was expressed as a percentage of the baseline value. In the saline group, the %CBF in the regions of interest within the cerebrum remained at approximately 50% until 3.5 hours after return of spontaneous circulation, whereas %CBF in the thalamic regions of interest recovered to approximately 73% at this time point. The percentages of the baseline values in the cortical gray matter and subcortical white matter were higher in the SNP group (group effect P=0.026 and 0.025, respectively) but not in the thalamus. The cerebral lactate/creatine ratio measured using magnetic resonance spectroscopy increased over time in the saline group but not in the SNP group (group-time interaction P=0.035). The thalamic lactate/creatine ratio was similar in the 2 groups. Conclusions SNP administered via intracranial subdural catheters improved CBF not only in the cortical gray matter but also in the subcortical white matter. The CBF improvement by SNP was accompanied by a decrease in cerebral lactate.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hyoung Youn Lee
- Trauma CenterChonnam National University HospitalGwangjuRepublic of Korea
| | - Yong Hun Jung
- Department of Emergency MedicineChonnam National University HospitalGwangjuRepublic of Korea
- Department of Emergency MedicineChonnam National University Medical SchoolGwangjuRepublic of Korea
| | - Najmiddin Mamadjonov
- Department of Medical ScienceChonnam National University Graduate SchoolGwangjuRepublic of Korea
| | - Kyung Woon Jeung
- Department of Emergency MedicineChonnam National University HospitalGwangjuRepublic of Korea
- Department of Emergency MedicineChonnam National University Medical SchoolGwangjuRepublic of Korea
| | - Byung Kook Lee
- Department of Emergency MedicineChonnam National University HospitalGwangjuRepublic of Korea
- Department of Emergency MedicineChonnam National University Medical SchoolGwangjuRepublic of Korea
| | - Tae‐Hoon Kim
- Medical Convergence Research CenterWonkwang UniversityIksanRepublic of Korea
| | - Hyung Joong Kim
- Medical Science Research InstituteKyung Hee University HospitalSeoulRepublic of Korea
| | - Jorge Antonio Gumucio
- Department of Emergency MedicineSchool of Medicine University of PittsburghPittsburghPAUSA
| | - David D. Salcido
- Department of Emergency MedicineSchool of Medicine University of PittsburghPittsburghPAUSA
| |
Collapse
|
47
|
Munting LP, Bonnar O, Kozberg MG, Auger CA, Hirschler L, Hou SS, Greenberg SM, Bacskai BJ, van Veluw SJ. Spontaneous vasomotion propagates along pial arterioles in the awake mouse brain like stimulus-evoked vascular reactivity. J Cereb Blood Flow Metab 2023; 43:1752-1763. [PMID: 36655606 PMCID: PMC10581232 DOI: 10.1177/0271678x231152550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2022] [Revised: 10/24/2022] [Accepted: 10/27/2022] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Sensory stimulation evokes a local, vasodilation-mediated blood flow increase to the activated brain region, which is referred to as functional hyperemia. Spontaneous vasomotion is a change in arteriolar diameter that occurs without sensory stimulation, at low frequency (∼0.1 Hz). These vessel diameter changes are a driving force for perivascular soluble waste clearance, the failure of which has been implicated in neurodegenerative disease. Stimulus-evoked vascular reactivity is known to propagate along penetrating arterioles to pial arterioles, but it is unclear whether spontaneous vasomotion propagates similarly. We therefore imaged both stimulus-evoked and spontaneous changes in pial arteriole diameter in awake, head-fixed mice with 2-photon microscopy. By cross-correlating different regions of interest (ROIs) along the length of imaged arterioles, we assessed vasomotion propagation. We found that both during rest and during visual stimulation, one-third of the arterioles showed significant propagation (i.e., a wave), with a median (interquartile range) wave speed of 405 (323) µm/s at rest and 345 (177) µm/s during stimulation. In a second group of mice, with GCaMP expression in their vascular smooth muscle cells, we also found spontaneous propagation of calcium signaling along pial arterioles. In summary, we demonstrate that spontaneous vasomotion propagates along pial arterioles like stimulus-evoked vascular reactivity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Leon P Munting
- MassGeneral Institute for Neurodegenerative Research, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown Navy Yard, MA, USA
| | - Orla Bonnar
- MassGeneral Institute for Neurodegenerative Research, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown Navy Yard, MA, USA
| | - Mariel G Kozberg
- MassGeneral Institute for Neurodegenerative Research, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown Navy Yard, MA, USA
- J. Philip Kistler Stroke Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Corinne A Auger
- MassGeneral Institute for Neurodegenerative Research, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown Navy Yard, MA, USA
| | - Lydiane Hirschler
- J. Philip Kistler Stroke Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- C. J. Gorter Center for High Field MRI, Department of Radiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Steven S Hou
- MassGeneral Institute for Neurodegenerative Research, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown Navy Yard, MA, USA
| | - Steven M Greenberg
- J. Philip Kistler Stroke Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Brian J Bacskai
- MassGeneral Institute for Neurodegenerative Research, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown Navy Yard, MA, USA
| | - Susanne J van Veluw
- MassGeneral Institute for Neurodegenerative Research, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown Navy Yard, MA, USA
- J. Philip Kistler Stroke Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| |
Collapse
|
48
|
Yang Y, Chen Y, Pei P, Fan Y, Wang S, Zhang H, Zhao D, Qian BZ, Zhang F. Fluorescence-amplified nanocrystals in the second near-infrared window for in vivo real-time dynamic multiplexed imaging. NATURE NANOTECHNOLOGY 2023; 18:1195-1204. [PMID: 37349506 DOI: 10.1038/s41565-023-01422-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2022] [Accepted: 05/16/2023] [Indexed: 06/24/2023]
Abstract
Optical imaging in the second near-infrared window (NIR-II, 1,000-1,700 nm) holds great promise for non-invasive in vivo detection. However, real-time dynamic multiplexed imaging remains challenging due to the lack of available fluorescence probes and multiplexing techniques in the ideal NIR-IIb (1,500-1,700 nm) 'deep-tissue-transparent' sub-window. Here we report on thulium-based cubic-phase downshifting nanoparticles (α-TmNPs) with 1,632 nm fluorescence amplification. This strategy was also validated for the fluorescence enhancement of nanoparticles doped with NIR-II Er3+ (α-ErNPs) or Ho3+ (α-HoNPs). In parallel, we developed a simultaneous dual-channel imaging system with high spatiotemporal synchronization and accuracy. The NIR-IIb α-TmNPs and α-ErNPs facilitated the non-invasive real-time dynamic multiplexed imaging of cerebrovascular vasomotion activity and the single-cell-level neutrophil behaviour in mouse subcutaneous tissue and ischaemic stroke model.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yiwei Yang
- Department of Chemistry, State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers and iChem, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Catalysis and Innovative Materials, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Ying Chen
- Department of Chemistry, State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers and iChem, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Catalysis and Innovative Materials, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Peng Pei
- Department of Chemistry, State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers and iChem, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Catalysis and Innovative Materials, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yong Fan
- Department of Chemistry, State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers and iChem, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Catalysis and Innovative Materials, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
| | - Shangfeng Wang
- Department of Chemistry, State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers and iChem, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Catalysis and Innovative Materials, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Hongxin Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers and iChem, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Catalysis and Innovative Materials, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Dongyuan Zhao
- Department of Chemistry, State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers and iChem, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Catalysis and Innovative Materials, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Bin-Zhi Qian
- Human Phenome Institute, Zhangjiang Fudan International Innovation Center, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Centre for Reproductive Health, College of Medicine and Veterinary Medicine, Queen's Medical Research Institute, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Fan Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers and iChem, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Catalysis and Innovative Materials, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
| |
Collapse
|
49
|
Ling W, Johnson SK, Mehdi SJ, Alapat DV, Bauer M, Zangari M, Schinke C, Thanendrarajan S, van Rhee F, Yaccoby S. EDNRA-Expressing Mesenchymal Cells Are Expanded in Myeloma Interstitial Bone Marrow and Associated with Disease Progression. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:4519. [PMID: 37760488 PMCID: PMC10526862 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15184519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2023] [Revised: 08/30/2023] [Accepted: 09/04/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Multiple myeloma (MM) induces dysfunctional bone marrow (BM) mesenchymal cells and neoangiogenesis. Pericytes and smooth muscle cells (SMCs) could detach from vessels and become cancer-associated fibroblasts. We found that the pericyte and SMC marker endothelin receptor type A (EDNRA) is overexpressed in whole MM bone biopsies; we sought to characterize its expression. EDNRA expression gradually increased with disease progression. High-risk MM patients had higher EDNRA expression than low-risk MM patients and EDNRA expression was highest in focal lesions. High EDNRA expression was associated with high expression of pericyte markers (e.g., RGS5, POSTN, and CD146) and the angiogenic marker FLT1. A single-cell analysis of unexpanded BM mesenchymal cells detected EDNRA expression in a subset of cells that coexpressed mesenchymal cell markers and had higher expression of proliferation genes. Immunohistochemistry revealed that the number of EDNRA+ cells in the interstitial BM increased as MM progressed; EDNRA+ cells were prevalent in areas near the MM focal growth. EDNRA+ cells were detached from CD34+ angiogenic cells and coexpressed RGS5 and periostin. Therefore, they likely originated from pericytes or SMCs. These findings identify a novel microenvironmental biomarker in MM and suggest that the presence of detached EDNRA+ cells indicates disrupted vasculature and increased angiogenesis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Shmuel Yaccoby
- Myeloma Center, Department of Internal Medicine, Winthrop P. Rockefeller Cancer Institute, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock 72205, AR, USA; (W.L.); (S.K.J.); (S.J.M.); (D.V.A.); (M.B.); (M.Z.); (C.S.); (S.T.); (F.v.R.)
| |
Collapse
|
50
|
Mitchell JW, Gillette MU. Development of circadian neurovascular function and its implications. Front Neurosci 2023; 17:1196606. [PMID: 37732312 PMCID: PMC10507717 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2023.1196606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2023] [Accepted: 08/14/2023] [Indexed: 09/22/2023] Open
Abstract
The neurovascular system forms the interface between the tissue of the central nervous system (CNS) and circulating blood. It plays a critical role in regulating movement of ions, small molecules, and cellular regulators into and out of brain tissue and in sustaining brain health. The neurovascular unit (NVU), the cells that form the structural and functional link between cells of the brain and the vasculature, maintains the blood-brain interface (BBI), controls cerebral blood flow, and surveils for injury. The neurovascular system is dynamic; it undergoes tight regulation of biochemical and cellular interactions to balance and support brain function. Development of an intrinsic circadian clock enables the NVU to anticipate rhythmic changes in brain activity and body physiology that occur over the day-night cycle. The development of circadian neurovascular function involves multiple cell types. We address the functional aspects of the circadian clock in the components of the NVU and their effects in regulating neurovascular physiology, including BBI permeability, cerebral blood flow, and inflammation. Disrupting the circadian clock impairs a number of physiological processes associated with the NVU, many of which are correlated with an increased risk of dysfunction and disease. Consequently, understanding the cell biology and physiology of the NVU is critical to diminishing consequences of impaired neurovascular function, including cerebral bleeding and neurodegeneration.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer W. Mitchell
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, United States
- Neuroscience Program, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, United States
- Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, United States
| | - Martha U. Gillette
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, United States
- Neuroscience Program, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, United States
- Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, United States
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, United States
- Carle-Illinois College of Medicine, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, United States
| |
Collapse
|