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Meng Y, Liu S, Yu M, Liang H, Tong Y, Song J, Shi J, Cai W, Wu Q, Wen Z, Wang J, Guo F. The Changes of Blood and CSF Ion Levels in Depressed Patients: a Systematic Review and Meta-analysis. Mol Neurobiol 2024; 61:5369-5403. [PMID: 38191692 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-023-03891-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2023] [Accepted: 12/19/2023] [Indexed: 01/10/2024]
Abstract
Micronutrient deficiencies and excesses are closely related to developing and treating depression. Traditional and effective antidepressants include tricyclic antidepressants (TCAs), selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs), and lithium. There is no consensus on the fluctuation of zinc (Zn2+), magnesium (Mg2+), calcium (Ca2+), copper (Cu2+), iron (Fe2+), and manganese (Mn2+) ion levels in depressed individuals before and after therapy. In order to determine whether there were changes in blood and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) levels of these ions in depressed patients compared with healthy controls and depressed patients treated with TCAs, SSRIs, or lithium, we applied a systematic review and meta-analysis. Using the Stata 17.0 software, we performed a systematic review and meta-analysis of the changes in ion levels in human samples from healthy controls, depressive patients, and patients treated with TCAs, SSRIs, and lithium, respectively. By searching the PubMed, EMBASE, Google Scholar, Web of Science, China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI), and WAN FANG databases, 75 published analyzable papers were chosen. In the blood, the levels of Zn2+ and Mg2+ in depressed patients had decreased while the Ca2+ and Cu2+ levels had increased compared to healthy controls, Fe2+ and Mn2+ levels have not significantly changed. After treatment with SSRIs, the levels of Zn2+ and Ca2+ in depressed patients increased while Cu2+ levels decreased. Mg2+ and Ca2+ levels were increased in depressed patients after Lithium treatment. The findings of the meta-analysis revealed that micronutrient levels were closely associated with the onset of depression and prompted more research into the underlying mechanisms as well as the pathophysiological and therapeutic implications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yulu Meng
- Department of Pharmacy, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, 110032, China
- Department of Pharmaceutical Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Shenyang, 110122, China
| | - Shuangshuang Liu
- Department of Cardiology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, 110004, China
| | - Miao Yu
- Science Experiment Center, China Medical University, Shenyang, 110122, China
| | - Hongyue Liang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Shenyang, 110122, China
| | - Yu Tong
- Department of Pharmaceutical Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Shenyang, 110122, China
| | - Ji Song
- Department of Pharmaceutical Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Shenyang, 110122, China
| | - Jian Shi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Shenyang, 110122, China
| | - Wen Cai
- Department of Pharmaceutical Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Shenyang, 110122, China
| | - Qiong Wu
- Department of Pediatrics, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, 110004, China
| | - Zhifeng Wen
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, 110001, China.
| | - Jialu Wang
- Department of Neurology, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, 110001, China.
| | - Feng Guo
- Department of Pharmacy, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, 110032, China.
- Department of Pharmaceutical Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Shenyang, 110122, China.
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Zare MJ, Ahmadi A, Dehbozorgi S, Zare M, Hejazi N. The Association Between Children's Dietary Inflammatory Index (C-DII) and Nutrient Adequacy with Gastrointestinal Symptoms, Sleep Habits, and Autistic Traits. J Autism Dev Disord 2024:10.1007/s10803-024-06328-z. [PMID: 38607471 DOI: 10.1007/s10803-024-06328-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/21/2024] [Indexed: 04/13/2024]
Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Javad Zare
- Nutrition Research Center, School of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Shiraz University of Medical Science, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Afsane Ahmadi
- Nutrition Research Center, School of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Shiraz University of Medical Science, Shiraz, Iran.
| | - Sara Dehbozorgi
- Research Center for Psychiatry and Behavior Science, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Morteza Zare
- Nutrition Research Center, School of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Shiraz University of Medical Science, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Najmeh Hejazi
- Nutrition Research Center, School of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Shiraz University of Medical Science, Shiraz, Iran
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Rawji A, Peltier MR, Mourtzanakis K, Awan S, Rana J, Pothen NJ, Afzal S. Examining the Effects of Supplemental Magnesium on Self-Reported Anxiety and Sleep Quality: A Systematic Review. Cureus 2024; 16:e59317. [PMID: 38817505 PMCID: PMC11136869 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.59317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/25/2024] [Indexed: 06/01/2024] Open
Abstract
Self-treatment with vitamin, mineral, and herbal supplements has become increasingly common among patients for the treatment of psychiatric disorders. Magnesium, in particular, is popular on social media for the treatment of anxiety and insomnia. Meanwhile, preclinical studies support associations between magnesium status, sleep quality, and symptoms of anxiety. The extent to which these claims are evidence-based is unclear. Therefore, a systematic review was performed to provide an updated examination of the clinical evidence on the use of magnesium for the treatment of the above conditions given the popularity of such supplements among patients and the public at large. A thorough search of the PubMed database was performed and results were systematically reviewed using PRISMA guidelines. The search was limited to anxiety disorders and sleep disorders and included interventional trials only. Exclusion criteria included insufficient (<50 mg/12.5% of recommended daily allowance (RDA)) or unknown magnesium dose, >3 other potentially active compounds present in the formulation, and articles in languages other than English. This query returned 860 articles of which 15 met full inclusion criteria. Eight measured sleep-related outcomes, seven measured anxiety-related outcomes, and one examined both. Sleep quality was measured most frequently using the Pittsburg Sleep Quality Index (PSQI). Anxiety measures included self-reported measures such as the Hamilton Anxiety Scale. The majority of included studies demonstrated improvement in at least one sleep- or anxiety-related parameter. Five out of eight sleep-related studies reported improvements in sleep parameters, while two studies reported no improvements, and one reported mixed results. Five out of seven studies measuring anxiety-related outcomes reported improvements in self-reported anxiety. Firm conclusions were limited by the heterogeneity of the data and the small number of participants involved in most of the studies. The dosages, formulations, and durations of the magnesium interventions used also differed across studies. Furthermore, some studies included additional, potentially active ingredients, further complicating interpretations. Given the generally positive results across studies, the preponderance of preclinical evidence, and minimal side effects, however, supplemental magnesium is likely useful in the treatment of mild anxiety and insomnia, particularly in those with low magnesium status at baseline. Notably, both negative anxiety trials featured populations with underlying endocrine factors likely contributing to their symptoms (patients with premenstrual symptoms and post-partum women). Nonetheless, larger, randomized clinical trials are needed to confirm efficacy and to establish the most effective forms and dosages of magnesium for the treatment of insomnia and anxiety disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Rawji
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Health, Ocean University Medical Center/Hackensack Meridian Health, Brick, USA
| | - Morgan R Peltier
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Health, Jersey Shore University Medical Center/Hackensack Meridian Health, Neptune, USA
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Health, Hackensack Meridian School of Medicine, Nutley, USA
| | - Kelly Mourtzanakis
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Health, Hackensack Meridian School of Medicine, Nutley, USA
| | - Samreen Awan
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Health, Ocean University Medical Center/Hackensack Meridian Health, Brick, USA
| | - Junaid Rana
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Health, Ocean University Medical Center/Hackensack Meridian Health, Brick, USA
| | - Nitin J Pothen
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Health, Ocean University Medical Center/Hackensack Meridian Health, Brick, USA
| | - Saba Afzal
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Health, Ocean University Medical Center/Hackensack Meridian Health, Brick, USA
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Sharma P, Kapoor HS, Kaur B, Kamra P, Khetarpal P. Investigation of the Association of Serum Trace Elements Concentrations and Serum Biochemical Parameters with the Risk of Polycystic Ovary Syndrome: a Case-Control Study. Biol Trace Elem Res 2024; 202:73-86. [PMID: 37067720 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-023-03664-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2023] [Accepted: 04/06/2023] [Indexed: 04/18/2023]
Abstract
Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a heterogeneous endocrinological syndrome characterized by hyperandrogenism of ovarian origin and is often considered a predisposing factor for metabolic disorders. The objective of the study was to investigate serum levels of (a) trace elements (copper (Cu), zinc (Zn), magnesium (Mg), selenium (Se), iron (Fe), chromium (Cr), and manganese (Mn)); and (b) biochemical parameters (glucose, cholesterol, triglycerides, high-density lipoprotein (HDL-C), low-density lipoprotein (LDL-C), albumin, total protein, creatinine, and C-reactive protein (CRP) with risk of PCOS. Another objective was to explore the relationship between serum trace elements and biochemical variables. Serum trace elements were estimated by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) and biochemical parameters were estimated by colorimetric methods in 99 PCOS cases and 82 controls. Linear and non-linear associations of serum variables with PCOS risk were studied under logistic, probit, GAM, and BKMR model. Statistical analyses were performed using IBM SPSS 22.0 and R package version 4.2.1. All studied serum trace elements (except Zn) are significantly associated with PCOS. Combined effect analysis revealed Mg-Se and Fe-Cu association with PCOS risk. A significant association of cholesterol, HDL-C, LDL-C, CRP, and albumin was observed. Furthermore, linear regression analysis suggests an association between Mg-Cu and Mg-Fe-Mn with HDL-C; Fe and Cr-Cu with albumin; and Cu-Se with cholesterol and LDL-C both.
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Affiliation(s)
- Priya Sharma
- Laboratory for Reproductive and Developmental Disorders, Department of Human Genetics and Molecular Medicine, School of Health Sciences, Central University of Punjab, Bathinda, 151401, India
| | | | - Balpreet Kaur
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, AIIMS, Bathinda, 151001, India
| | - Pooja Kamra
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Kamra Hospital, Malout, 152107, India
| | - Preeti Khetarpal
- Laboratory for Reproductive and Developmental Disorders, Department of Human Genetics and Molecular Medicine, School of Health Sciences, Central University of Punjab, Bathinda, 151401, India.
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Sun Q, Wang H, Zhang H, Zhang F. Association between the healthy eating index and anxiety among Chinese elderly: A population-based cross-sectional study. Prev Med Rep 2024; 37:102576. [PMID: 38268617 PMCID: PMC10805664 DOI: 10.1016/j.pmedr.2023.102576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2023] [Revised: 12/19/2023] [Accepted: 12/21/2023] [Indexed: 01/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction Given that few studies have examined the relationship between healthy eating and anxiety in older adults, this study aimed to assess the relationship between the healthy eating index and anxiety in an older adult population using the Chinese Longevity Health Survey (CLHLS). Methods A national cross-sectional study from the CLHLS in 2018. The healthy eating index was constructed based on the frequency of intake of 13 dietary variables. Anxiety was assessed by the Generalized Anxiety Disorder scale. We used multivariate binary logistic regression to explore the association between the healthy eating index and anxiety and reported as odds ratio (OR) and 95 % confidence interval (95 % CI). Results A total of 13,873 older adults were included in the analysis after excluding participants with missing key variables. After adjusting for potential confounders, compared with participants in the lowest quartile of a healthy eating index, those in the second to the fourth quartile group had 4.7 %, 20.7 %, and 28.4 % lower odds of anxiety compared with those in the first quartile, respectively. Restricted cubic spline curves showed that anxiety risk decreased with increasing healthy eating index, and for each unit increase in the healthy eating index, the risk of anxiety in older adults decreased by 2.3 % (OR = 0.977; 95 % CI 0.970-0.985). Discussion In Chinese older adults, a healthy diet was associated with lower anxiety. Although prospective studies are still needed to confirm these associations in older populations, this result emphasizes the need to focus on dietary diversity in older adults to promote healthy aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiuzi Sun
- Department of Nursing, Longhua Hospital Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Hui Wang
- Department of Anorectology, Longhua Hospital Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Huachun Zhang
- Department of Nursing, Longhua Hospital Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Fan Zhang
- Department of Nephrology A, Longhua Hospital Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
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Chen Y, Zhang Y, Lin W, Tang Y, Chen L, Gao Y, Gao G, Luo X, Chen A, Lin C. Role of magnesium-L-Threonate in alleviating skin/muscle incision and retraction induced mechanical allodynia and anxiodepressive-like behaviors in male rats. Brain Res 2023; 1817:148476. [PMID: 37406874 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2023.148476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2023] [Revised: 06/29/2023] [Accepted: 07/02/2023] [Indexed: 07/07/2023]
Abstract
Chronic postsurgical pain (CPSP) and its emotional comorbidities poses health burden to patients who have received the surgical treatment. However, its underlying mechanism remains unclear. Emerging studies indicate that magnesium deficiency is associated with neurological diseases, and magnesium supplement confers protection under these disease conditions. In this study, we examined the role and mechanism of magnesium deficiency in the pathology of surgery-induced allodynia and negative emotion using a rat model of skin/muscle incision and retraction (SMIR) and investigated the therapeutic effects of magnesium supplementation by oral magnesium-L-Threonate (L-TAMS) in SMIR-injured rats. In the SMIR model, rats developed mechanical allodynia and anxiodepressive-like behaviors. Further, SMIR caused microglia and astrocyte activation and enhanced expression of pro-inflammatory cytokine (TNF-α, IL-1β and IL-6) in the anterior cingulate cortex (ACC). Importantly, magnesium ion (Mg2+) levels decreased in the serum and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) of SMIR-injured rats, which exhibited high correlation with pain and emotion behavioral phenotypes in these rats. Repeated oral administration of L-TAMS increased serum and CSF levels of Mg2+ in SMIR-injured rats. Notably, L-TAMS administration reversed SMIR-induced mechanical allodynia and anxiodepressive-like behaviors but did not affect pain and emotional behaviors in sham rats. Moreover, L-TAMS administration suppressed SMIR-caused glial activation and proinflammatory cytokine expression in the ACC but had no such effect in sham rats. Together, our study demonstrates the contributing role of magnesium deficiency in the pathology of surgery-induced chronic pain and negative emotion. Moreover, we suggest that L-TAMS might be a novel approach to treat CPSP and its emotional comorbidities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Chen
- Pain Research Institute, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Brain Aging and Neurodegenerative Diseases, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fujian Medical University, China
| | - Yimeng Zhang
- Pain Research Institute, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Brain Aging and Neurodegenerative Diseases, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fujian Medical University, China
| | - Wei Lin
- Pain Research Institute, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Brain Aging and Neurodegenerative Diseases, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fujian Medical University, China; Department of Pediatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, China
| | - Ying Tang
- Pain Research Institute, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Brain Aging and Neurodegenerative Diseases, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fujian Medical University, China
| | - Liang Chen
- Pain Research Institute, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Brain Aging and Neurodegenerative Diseases, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fujian Medical University, China
| | - Ying Gao
- Pain Research Institute, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Brain Aging and Neurodegenerative Diseases, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fujian Medical University, China
| | - Guangcheng Gao
- Pain Research Institute, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Brain Aging and Neurodegenerative Diseases, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fujian Medical University, China
| | - Xin Luo
- Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area Center for Brain Science and Brain-Inspired Intelligence, Southern Medical University, China.
| | - Aiqin Chen
- Pain Research Institute, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Brain Aging and Neurodegenerative Diseases, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fujian Medical University, China.
| | - Chun Lin
- Pain Research Institute, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Brain Aging and Neurodegenerative Diseases, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fujian Medical University, China; Department of Pediatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, China.
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Qi R, Sheng B, Zhou L, Chen Y, Sun L, Zhang X. Association of Plant-Based Diet Indices and Abdominal Obesity with Mental Disorders among Older Chinese Adults. Nutrients 2023; 15:2721. [PMID: 37375625 DOI: 10.3390/nu15122721] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2023] [Revised: 05/30/2023] [Accepted: 06/09/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
We aimed to explore the correlation between plant-based diet indices and abdominal obesity with depression and anxiety among older Chinese adults. This study used a cross-sectional design using data from the 2018 Chinese Longitudinal Healthy Longevity Survey (CLHLS). We used a simplified food frequency questionnaire to evaluate the overall plant-based diet index (PDI), the healthful plant-based diet index (hPDI), and the unhealthful plant-based diet index (uPDI) separately, based on the potential health effects of the foods. Waist circumference (WC) was used to define abdominal obesity. The 10-item Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale (CES-D-10) and the 7-item Generalized Anxiety Disorder Scale (GAD-7) were applied to estimate depression symptoms and anxiety symptoms, respectively. Multi-adjusted binary logistic regression models were conducted to explore the effects of the three plant-based diet indices, abdominal obesity status, and their interaction on depression and anxiety. We enrolled a total of 11,623 participants aged 83.21 ± 10.98 years, of which 3140 (27.0%) participants had depression and 1361 (11.7%) had anxiety. The trend in the prevalence of depression/anxiety across increasing quartiles of the plant-based diet indices was statistically significant after controlling for potential confounders (p-trend < 0.05). Abdominal obesity was related to a lower prevalence of depression (OR = 0.86, 95% CI: 0.77-0.95) and anxiety (OR = 0.79, 95% CI: 0.69-0.90) compared with non-abdominal obesity. The protective effects of the PDI and hPDI against depression (OR = 0.52, 95% CI: 0.41-0.64; OR = 0.59, 95% CI: 0.48-0.73, respectively) and anxiety (OR = 0.75, 95% CI: 0.57-1.00; OR = 0.52, 95% CI: 0.39-0.70, respectively) were more pronounced in non-abdominally obese participants. The harmful effects of the uPDI against depression (OR = 1.78, 95% CI: 1.42-2.23) and anxiety (OR = 1.56, 95% CI: 1.16-2.10) were more pronounced in non-abdominally obese participants. In addition, a significant interaction between the plant-based diet indices and abdominal obesity was observed in terms of causing the prevalence of depression and anxiety. Consuming more of a healthful plant-based diet and less of an animal-based diet is related to a lower prevalence of depression and anxiety. A healthful plant-based diet plays a vital role in non-abdominally obese individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ran Qi
- School of Public Health, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300070, China
| | - Baihe Sheng
- School of Public Health, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300070, China
| | - Lihui Zhou
- School of Public Health, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300070, China
| | - Yanchun Chen
- School of Public Health, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300070, China
| | - Li Sun
- School of Nursing, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300070, China
| | - Xinyu Zhang
- School of Public Health, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300070, China
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de Oliveira Moura Araújo E, Gavioli EC, Holanda VAD, da Silva VC, Oliveira Nunes Messias TB, Dutra LMG, de Oliveira MC, Ramos do Egypto Queiroga RDC, Guerra GCB, Soares JKB. REPEATED DONKEY MILK CONSUMPTION REDUCES ANXIETY-LIKE BEHAVIORS AND BRAIN OXIDATIVE DAMAGE TO LIPIDS IN MICE. Behav Brain Res 2023; 449:114477. [PMID: 37150444 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2023.114477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2023] [Revised: 05/03/2023] [Accepted: 05/03/2023] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
Donkey milk (DM) is a source of bioactive compounds that can benefit neural functioning. In the present study, we investigated the effects of DM consumption on anxiolytic-related, despair-like, locomotion and coordination behaviors, as well as the provision of protection from oxidative damage to lipids and proteins in brain tissues and melatonin plasma levels. To achieve this, male mice orally received DM (4g.kg-1) or vehicle for 18 days. Their behavior was assessed in the following tests: elevated plus maze (EPM), open field and rotarod tests (OF, RR) and forced swimming test (FST). Acute treatments with diazepam (DZP, 1.5mg.kg-1, v.o.), fluoxetine (FLX, 20mg.kg-1, i.p.) and nortriptyline (NTP, 20mg.kg-1, i.p.) were used as positive controls. On the eighteenth day, the animals were euthanized and brain tissue and blood were collected to measure oxidative damage, and melatonin plasma levels. Similar to DZP, repeated DM consumption reduced exploration to open areas in the EPM test. Under our experimental conditions, conventional antidepressants reduced immobility time in the FST, and the benzodiazepine treatment impaired motor coordination in mice. No significant differences in locomotion, motor coordination and despair-related behaviors were observed in the mice treated with DM when assessed in the EPM, OF, RR and FST, respectively. Biochemical assays showed that repeated DM exposition protected against oxidative damage to lipids and increased plasma levels of melatonin. These findings suggest consumption of DM may be a promising food for the treatment of anxiety-related disorders, without depressant effects on the central nervous system.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Elaine Cristina Gavioli
- Department of Biophysics and Pharmacology, Biosciences Centre, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, Brazil
| | | | - Valéria Costa da Silva
- Department of Biophysics and Pharmacology, Biosciences Centre, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, Brazil
| | | | | | - Matheus Cardoso de Oliveira
- Department of Biophysics and Pharmacology, Biosciences Centre, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, Brazil
| | | | | | - Juliana Kessia Barbosa Soares
- Department of Food Engineering, Technology Centre, Federal University of Paraíba, Brazil; Center of Education and Health, Federal University of Campina Grande, Cuité, Brazil
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Chou MH, Yang YK, Wang JD, Lin CY, Lin SH. Elevated C-Reactive Protein Levels Modify the Effect of Magnesium on Depressive Symptoms: A Population-Based Study. Nutrients 2023; 15:nu15071560. [PMID: 37049401 PMCID: PMC10097277 DOI: 10.3390/nu15071560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2023] [Revised: 03/16/2023] [Accepted: 03/21/2023] [Indexed: 04/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Depression is a profound public health concern, yet its etiology remains unclear. A body's magnesium status and low-grade systemic inflammation are associated with depression. However, the interaction of magnesium status and inflammation on depression/depressive symptoms is unknown. We assessed the association between serum magnesium levels and depressive symptoms by analyzing data from the Nutrition and Health Survey in Taiwan 2005-2008. In total, 2196 participants aged ≥20 years were included. Depressive symptoms were assessed using the 5-item Brief-Symptom Rating Scale. We performed logistic regression and multiple linear regression analyses to examine the association. A dose-response analysis was performed using restricted cubic spline models, and stratification by chronic inflammation was also performed. We found that higher serum magnesium levels were associated with lower depression scores and a lower risk of depression. In the subgroup analysis, serum magnesium levels were inversely associated with depressive symptoms more prominently among people with higher CRP levels, with a threshold at 5 mg/L (≥5 vs. <5) showing a greater difference than at 3 mg/L (≥3 vs. <3). Conclusions: Serum magnesium levels were inversely associated with depressive symptoms. This inverse association was affected by inflammation level. A dose-response relationship was also observed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming-Hui Chou
- Department of Public Health, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 704, Taiwan
| | - Yen Kuang Yang
- Department of Psychiatry, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 704, Taiwan
- Institute of Behavioral Medicine, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 704, Taiwan
- Department of Psychiatry, Tainan Hospital, Ministry of Health and Welfare, Tainan 700, Taiwan
| | - Jung-Der Wang
- Department of Public Health, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 704, Taiwan
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 704, Taiwan
| | - Chung-Ying Lin
- Institute of Allied Health Sciences, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 704, Taiwan
- Biostatistics Consulting Center, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 704, Taiwan
| | - Sheng-Hsiang Lin
- Department of Public Health, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 704, Taiwan
- Biostatistics Consulting Center, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 704, Taiwan
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 704, Taiwan
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10
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Shen X, Gu X, Liu YY, Yang L, Zheng M, Jiang L. Association between dietary calcium and depression among American adults: National health and nutrition examination survey. Front Nutr 2023; 10:1042522. [PMID: 36845060 PMCID: PMC9948022 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2023.1042522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2022] [Accepted: 01/23/2023] [Indexed: 02/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Background There is only limited evidence for an association between calcium (Ca) and depression, and the relationship was inconsistent. Therefore, the aim of this study was to assess the relationship between dietary Ca and the risk of depressive symptoms in individuals over the age of 18 in the US. Methods We extracted 14,971 participants from the US National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 2007-2016 to probe their associations. Dietary Ca intake was measured through 24 h dietary recall method. Patients with the Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9) ≥ 10 scores were believed to have depressive symptoms. The association between dietary Ca and depressive symptoms was investigated using multivariate logistic regression, sensitivity analysis, and restricted cubic spline regression. Results In this study, 7.6% (1,144/14,971) of them had depressive symptoms. After adjusting for sex, age, race, poverty to income ratio (PIR), marital status, education, body mass index (BMI), caffeine intake, carbohydrates intake, total energy intake, smoking status, alcohol consumption, physical activity, diabetes, hypertension, severe cardiovascular disease (CVD), cancer, serum vitamin D, serum Ca, and Ca supplement, the adjusted ORs value [95% confidence interval (CI)] of depression for the lowest category (Q1 ≤ 534 mg/day) vs. Q2-Q4 of Ca intake were 0.83 (0.69-0.99), 0.97 (0.65-0.95), and 0.80 (0.63-0.98) with the p for trend (p = 0.014). The relationship between dietary Ca intake and depressive symptoms was linear (non-linear p = 0.148). None of the interactions were significant except among races (p for interaction = 0.001). Conclusion Association between dietary Ca and the prevalence of depressive symptoms in US adults. And Ca intake was negatively associated with the risk of depressive symptoms. As Ca intake increased, the prevalence of depressive symptoms decreased.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xia Shen
- Wuxi Medical College, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Xue Gu
- Wuxi Medical College, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Yuan-Yuan Liu
- Wuxi Medical College, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Long Yang
- Department of Pediatric Cardiothoracic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Ürümqi, China
| | - Meng Zheng
- The Fifth Medical Center of People’s Liberation Army (PLA) General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Lei Jiang
- Department of Radiology, The Convalescent Hospital of East China, Wuxi, China,*Correspondence: Lei Jiang,
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11
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Salivary Antioxidant Capacity and Magnesium in Generalized Anxiety Disorder. Metabolites 2023; 13:metabo13010073. [PMID: 36676998 PMCID: PMC9862115 DOI: 10.3390/metabo13010073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2022] [Revised: 12/29/2022] [Accepted: 12/29/2022] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Generalized anxiety disorder (GAD) is a prevalent disorder. The search for biomarkers may contribute to new knowledge about molecular pathogenesis and treatment. Since oxidative stress and micronutrient imbalance play a key role in the development of mental disorders, we aimed to study salivary antioxidant capacity and magnesium in patients with GAD in an anxiety model of solving problems with increasing complexity. The study subgroup consisted of 15 patients with GAD, and 17 healthy volunteers of the same age made up the control subgroup. Participants took a test with six levels of difficulty, which included false feedback. In this test, the participants were asked to remember the colors of balloons and react when the color changed. The reaction time, the number of correct answers, as well as biochemical parameters such as the antioxidant capacity of saliva and salivary magnesium, were assessed. There was no difference in the results of the quest between the subgroups; however, anxious participants spent more time at the moment of experimental frustration due to incorrect feedback and additional negative psycho-emotional load. Antioxidant capacity did not differ between the subgroups both before and after the experimental session. Average antioxidant capacity also did not change significantly at the endpoint of the experiment. However, the endpoint antioxidant capacity correlated negatively with the reaction time in anxious patients in the second block (where the false feedback as a frustrating factor appeared). Magnesium was initially significantly higher in the group of anxious participants and decreased at the experiment endpoint; in healthy patients, there were no changes in salivary magnesium at the endpoint. In conclusion, the compensatory potential of oxidative metabolism and magnesium in patients with GAD was spent with additional psycho-emotional stress, in contrast to healthy individuals, but it was sufficient to avoid exhaustion during experimental frustrating exposure.
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12
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Sah A, Rooney S, Kharitonova M, Sartori SB, Wolf SA, Singewald N. Enriched Environment Attenuates Enhanced Trait Anxiety in Association with Normalization of Aberrant Neuro-Inflammatory Events. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:13052. [PMID: 36361832 PMCID: PMC9657487 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232113052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2022] [Revised: 10/14/2022] [Accepted: 10/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Neuroinflammation is discussed to play a role in specific subgroups of different psychiatric disorders, including anxiety disorders. We have previously shown that a mouse model of trait anxiety (HAB) displays enhanced microglial density and phagocytic activity in key regions of anxiety circuits compared to normal-anxiety controls (NAB). Using minocycline, we provided causal evidence that reducing microglial activation within the dentate gyrus (DG) attenuated enhanced anxiety in HABs. Besides pharmacological intervention, "positive environmental stimuli", which have the advantage of exerting no side-effects, have been shown to modulate inflammation-related markers in human beings. Therefore, we now investigated whether environmental enrichment (EE) would be sufficient to modulate upregulated neuroinflammation in high-anxiety HABs. We show for the first time that EE can indeed attenuate enhanced trait anxiety, even when presented as late as adulthood. We further found that EE-induced anxiolysis was associated with the attenuation of enhanced microglial density (using Iba-1 as the marker) in the DG and medial prefrontal cortex. Additionally, EE reduced Iba1 + CD68+ microglia density within the anterior DG. Hence, the successful attenuation of trait anxiety by EE was associated in part with the normalization of neuro-inflammatory imbalances. These results suggest that pharmacological and/or positive behavioral therapies triggering microglia-targeted anti-inflammatory effects could be promising as novel alternatives or complimentary anxiolytic therapeutic approaches in specific subgroups of individuals predisposed to trait anxiety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anupam Sah
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Institute of Pharmacy and Center for Molecular Biosciences Innsbruck (CMBI), University of Innsbruck, Innrain 80-82/III, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Sinead Rooney
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Institute of Pharmacy and Center for Molecular Biosciences Innsbruck (CMBI), University of Innsbruck, Innrain 80-82/III, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Maria Kharitonova
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Institute of Pharmacy and Center for Molecular Biosciences Innsbruck (CMBI), University of Innsbruck, Innrain 80-82/III, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Simone B. Sartori
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Institute of Pharmacy and Center for Molecular Biosciences Innsbruck (CMBI), University of Innsbruck, Innrain 80-82/III, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Susanne A. Wolf
- Cellular Neurocience, Max-Delbrueck-Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association, 13125 Berlin, Germany
- Department of Experimental Ophthalmology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, 13353 Berlin, Germany
| | - Nicolas Singewald
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Institute of Pharmacy and Center for Molecular Biosciences Innsbruck (CMBI), University of Innsbruck, Innrain 80-82/III, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria
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13
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Treatment of refractory obsessive-compulsive disorder with nutraceuticals (TRON): a 20-week, open label pilot study. CNS Spectr 2022; 27:588-597. [PMID: 34165060 DOI: 10.1017/s1092852921000638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) is often challenging to treat and resistant to psychological interventions and prescribed medications. The adjunctive use of nutraceuticals with potential neuromodulatory effects on underpinning pathways such as the glutamatergic and serotonergic systems is one novel approach. OBJECTIVE To assess the effectiveness and safety of a purpose-formulated combination of nutraceuticals in treating OCD: N-acetyl cysteine, L-theanine, zinc, magnesium, pyridoxal-5' phosphate, and selenium. METHODS A 20-week open label proof-of-concept study was undertaken involving 28 participants with treatment-resistant DSM-5-diagnosed OCD, during 2017 to 2020. The primary outcome measure was the Yale-Brown Obsessive-Compulsive Scale (YBOCS), administered every 4 weeks. RESULTS An intention-to-treat analysis revealed an estimated mean reduction across time (baseline to week-20) on the YBOCS total score of -7.13 (95% confidence interval = -9.24, -5.01), with a mean reduction of -1.21 points per post-baseline visit (P ≤ .001). At 20-weeks, 23% of the participants were considered "responders" (YBOCS ≥35% reduction and "very much" or "much improved" on the Clinical Global Impression-Improvement scale). Statistically significant improvements were also revealed on all secondary outcomes (eg, mood, anxiety, and quality of life). Notably, treatment response on OCD outcome scales (eg, YBOCS) was greatest in those with lower baseline symptom levels, while response was limited in those with relatively more severe OCD. CONCLUSIONS While this pilot study lacks placebo-control, the significant time effect in this treatment-resistant OCD population is encouraging and suggests potential utility especially for those with lower symptom levels. Our findings need to be confirmed or refuted via a follow-up placebo-controlled study.
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14
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Chen X, Meng S, Yu Y, Li S, Wu L, Zhang Y. The role of probiotic intervention in regulating gut microbiota, short-chain fatty acids and depression-like behavior in lead-exposed rats. Int J Occup Med Environ Health 2022; 35:95-106. [PMID: 35143471 PMCID: PMC10464776 DOI: 10.13075/ijomeh.1896.01795] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2020] [Accepted: 05/26/2021] [Indexed: 10/19/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The aim of this study was to observe the depression-like behavior changes of rats exposed to lead with or without probiotic intervention, and to investigate changes in the gut microbiota and fecal short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) levels after lead exposure, and the possible functions of probiotics in this process. MATERIAL AND METHODS Adult male Sprague Dawley rats were exposed to a 300 mg/l lead acetate solution for 24 weeks, with or without probiotic (freeze-dried powder containing Lactobacillus and Bifidobacterium: 6 billion live bacteria/2 g) intervention in weeks 17-24. The sucrose preference test (SPT), the forced swim test (FST), and the tail suspension test (TST) were preformed to study the depression- like behaviors of these rats. The alteration of rat gut microbiota induced by lead exposure was analyzed by 16S rRNA sequencing, and the levels of fecal SCFAs were detected using gas chromatography. RESULTS Neurobehavioral tests showed that lead exposure induced depression-like behavior in rats, including reduced sucrose preference in the SPT, and increased immobility times in the FST and the TST. Sequencing and gas chromatography showed that lead exposure changed the structure and the phylogenetic diversity of the gut microbiota, as well as significantly altered the levels of SCFAs. Moreover, the depression-like behaviors, and the changes in both gut microbiota and SCFAs, could be mitigated by probiotic intervention. CONCLUSIONS Lead exposure not only changes the structure and diversity of the gut microbiome but also affects metabolic function. Probiotic intervention may be a novel initiative for the prevention and treatment of neurological damage following lead exposure. Int J Occup Med Environ Health. 2022;35(1):95-106.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaojun Chen
- North China University of Science and Technology, School of Public Health, Tangshan, China
- Workers Hospital of Caofeidian District, Central Laboratory, Tangshan, China
| | - Shujuan Meng
- Tangshan Hongci Hospital, Department of Pathology, Tangshan, China
| | - Yongli Yu
- Tangshan Hongci Hospital, Department of Pathology, Tangshan, China
| | - Shuang Li
- North China University of Science and Technology, Experimental Animal Center, Tangshan, China
| | - Lei Wu
- North China University of Science and Technology, School of Public Health, Tangshan, China
| | - Yanshu Zhang
- North China University of Science and Technology, School of Public Health, Tangshan, China
- North China University of Science and Technology, Experimental Animal Center, Tangshan, China
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15
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Behavioral Effects of Buspirone in Juvenile Zebrafish of Two Different Genetic Backgrounds. TOXICS 2022; 10:toxics10010022. [PMID: 35051064 PMCID: PMC8777658 DOI: 10.3390/toxics10010022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2021] [Revised: 01/05/2022] [Accepted: 01/05/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Anxiety continues to represent a major unmet medical need. Despite the availability of numerous anxiolytic drugs, a large proportion of patients do not respond well to current pharmacotherapy, or their response diminishes with chronic drug application. To discover novel compounds and to investigate the mode of action of anxiolytic drugs, animal models have been proposed. The zebrafish is a novel animal model in this research. It is particularly appropriate, as it has evolutionarily conserved features, and drug administration can be employed in a non-invasive manner by immersing the fish into the drug solution. The first step in the analysis of anxiolytic drugs with zebrafish is to test reference compounds. Here, we investigate the effects of buspirone hydrochloride, an anxiolytic drug often employed in the human clinic. We utilize two genetically distinct populations of zebrafish, ABSK, derived from the quasi-inbred AB strain, and WT, a genetically heterogeneous wild-type population. We placed juvenile (10–13-day, post-fertilization, old) zebrafish singly in petri dishes containing one of four buspirone concentrations (0 mg/L control, 5 mg/L, 20 mg/L or 80 mg/L) for 1 h, with each fish receiving a single exposure to one concentration, a between subject experimental design. Subsequently, we recorded the behavior of the zebrafish for 30 min using video-tracking. Buspirone decreased distance moved, number of immobility episodes and thigmotaxis, and it increased immobility duration and turn angle in a quasi-linear dose dependent but genotype independent manner. Although it is unclear whether these changes represent anxiolysis in zebrafish, the results demonstrate that behavioral analysis of juvenile zebrafish may be a sensitive and simple way to quantify the effects of human anxiolytic drugs.
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16
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El-Khodor BF, James K, Chang Q, Zhang W, Loiselle YR, Panda C, Hanania T. Elevation of brain magnesium with Swiss chard and buckwheat extracts in an animal model of reduced magnesium dietary intake. Nutr Neurosci 2021; 25:2638-2649. [PMID: 34730480 DOI: 10.1080/1028415x.2021.1995119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Inadequate dietary magnesium (Mg) intake is a growing public health concern. Mg is critical for diverse metabolic processes including energy production, macromolecule biosynthesis, and electrolyte homeostasis. Inadequate free Mg2+ ion concentration ([Mg2+]) in the brain is associated with several neurological and behavioral disorders. Elevating [Mg2+]in the brain using oral Mg supplementation has proven to be challenging due to the tight regulation of Mg2+ transport to the brain. This study explored the effect of short-term moderate reduction in dietary Mg intake (87% of normal Mg diet for 30 days) on [Mg2+] in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) ([Mg2+]CSF) and red blood cells (RBCs) ([Mg2+]RBC) in adult male rats. In addition, we investigated the effectiveness of magnesium-rich blend of Swiss chard and buckwheat extracts (SC/BW extract) in increasing brain [Mg2+] compared to various Mg salts commonly used as dietary supplements. METHODS Animals were assigned to either normal or low Mg diet for 30 - 45 days. Following this, animals maintained on low Mg diet were supplemented with various Mg compounds. [Mg2+]CSF and [Mg2+]RBC were measured at baseline and following Mg administration. Anxiety-like behavior and cognitive function were also evaluated. RESULTS The present study showed that a short-term and moderate reduction in Mg dietary intake results in a significant decline in [Mg2+]CSF and [Mg2+]RBC and the emergence of anxiety-like behavior in comparison to animals maintained on normal Mg diet. Supplementation with SC/BW extract significantly elevated [Mg2+]CSF and improved animal performance in the novel object recognition test in comparison with animals maintained on reduced Mg intake and supplemented with various Mg compounds. DISCUSSION These observations indicate that brain [Mg2+] is more sensitive to a short-term and moderate reduction in Mg dietary intake than previously thought and emphasizes the importance of dietary Mg in replenishing brain Mg2+ reserves.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Karma James
- Nutrition Innovation Center, Standard Process Inc., Kannapolis, NC, USA
| | | | - Wei Zhang
- Nutrition Innovation Center, Standard Process Inc., Kannapolis, NC, USA
| | - Yvette R Loiselle
- Nutrition Innovation Center, Standard Process Inc., Kannapolis, NC, USA
| | - Chinmayee Panda
- Nutrition Innovation Center, Standard Process Inc., Kannapolis, NC, USA
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Skalski M, Mach A, Januszko P, Ryszewska-Pokraśniewicz B, Biernacka A, Nowak G, Pilc A, Poleszak E, Radziwoń-Zaleska M. Pharmaco-Electroencephalography-Based Assessment of Antidepressant Drug Efficacy-The Use of Magnesium Ions in the Treatment of Depression. J Clin Med 2021; 10:3135. [PMID: 34300299 PMCID: PMC8306926 DOI: 10.3390/jcm10143135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2021] [Revised: 07/02/2021] [Accepted: 07/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Pharmaco-electroencephalography (pharmaco-EEG) is a technique used to assess the effects of psychotropic medications on the bioelectrical activity of the brain. The purpose of this study was to assess the treatment response with the use of the Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HDRS) and via EEG. Over an 8-week period, we analyzed electroencephalographic tracings of 91 patients hospitalized for major depression at the Medical University of Warsaw. Thirty-nine of those patients received tricyclic antidepressants (TCAs), 35 received fluoxetine, and 17 received fluoxetine augmented with magnesium (Mg) ions. All patients had their serum drug levels monitored. The highest proportion of patients (88.2%) who showed adequate responses to treatment was observed in the fluoxetine+Mg group, whereas the lowest rates of treatment response were observed in the TCA group (58.3%). This difference was statistically significant (p = 0.029, Phi = 0.30). Our study demonstrated a relationship between achieving remission (HDRS ≤ 6 at week 8 of treatment) and obtaining a positive pharmaco-EEG profile 6 h after administration of the first dose in the group receiving fluoxetine augmented with Mg ions (p = 0.035, Phi = 0.63).
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Affiliation(s)
- Michał Skalski
- Department of Psychiatry, Medical University of Warsaw, 00-665 Warsaw, Poland; (M.S.); (P.J.); (M.R.-Z.)
| | - Anna Mach
- Department of Psychiatry, Medical University of Warsaw, 00-665 Warsaw, Poland; (M.S.); (P.J.); (M.R.-Z.)
| | - Piotr Januszko
- Department of Psychiatry, Medical University of Warsaw, 00-665 Warsaw, Poland; (M.S.); (P.J.); (M.R.-Z.)
| | | | | | - Gabriel Nowak
- May Institute of Pharmacology, Polish Academy of Sciences, 31-343 Kraków, Poland; (G.N.); (A.P.)
| | - Andrzej Pilc
- May Institute of Pharmacology, Polish Academy of Sciences, 31-343 Kraków, Poland; (G.N.); (A.P.)
| | - Ewa Poleszak
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Lublin, 20-093 Lublin, Poland;
| | - Maria Radziwoń-Zaleska
- Department of Psychiatry, Medical University of Warsaw, 00-665 Warsaw, Poland; (M.S.); (P.J.); (M.R.-Z.)
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18
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Macías-Carballo M, Rosas-Navarro S, López-Meraz ML, Beltran-Parrazal L, Morgado-Valle C. Anxiolytic effect of chronic intake of supplemental magnesium chloride in rat. Behav Brain Res 2021; 413:113460. [PMID: 34252502 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2021.113460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2021] [Revised: 07/04/2021] [Accepted: 07/05/2021] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Evidence suggest that magnesium dietary supplementation has several health benefits including lowering blood pressure, reducing insulin resistance, and improving symptoms of depression, anxiety, and migraine. Here, we aimed to study the effect of chronic magnesium supplementation on anxiety-like behavior in rats by supplementing with magnesium their drinking water for 30 days. Anxiety-like behavior was induced by subcutaneous injection of veratrin 30 min before performing elevated plus maze and open field tests to measure anxiety levels and locomotion, respectively. We quantify the concentration of magnesium in plasma and cerebrospinal fluid. We used diazepam to compare the efficacy of magnesium supplementation as an anxiolytic agent. Our results show that rats supplemented with magnesium had a statistically significant decrease in anxiety levels with not effects on locomotion and a statistically significant increase in concentration of magnesium in plasma and cerebrospinal fluid. However, the anxiolytic effect of magnesium supplementation washes-out in 12 days. We discuss the advantages of using supplemental magnesium as anxiolytic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monserrat Macías-Carballo
- Instituto de Investigaciones Cerebrales, Dirección General de Investigaciones, Universidad Veracruzana, Mexico
| | - Sergio Rosas-Navarro
- Instituto de Investigaciones Cerebrales, Dirección General de Investigaciones, Universidad Veracruzana, Mexico
| | - María Leonor López-Meraz
- Instituto de Investigaciones Cerebrales, Dirección General de Investigaciones, Universidad Veracruzana, Mexico
| | - Luis Beltran-Parrazal
- Instituto de Investigaciones Cerebrales, Dirección General de Investigaciones, Universidad Veracruzana, Mexico.
| | - Consuelo Morgado-Valle
- Instituto de Investigaciones Cerebrales, Dirección General de Investigaciones, Universidad Veracruzana, Mexico.
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19
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Zhu X, Sun-Waterhouse D, Cui C. A red pomegranate fruit extract-based formula ameliorates anxiety/depression-like behaviors via enhancing serotonin (5-HT) synthesis in C57BL/6 male mice. FOOD SCIENCE AND HUMAN WELLNESS 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fshw.2021.02.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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20
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Schutten JC, Joris PJ, Minović I, Post A, van Beek AP, de Borst MH, Mensink RP, Bakker SJL. Long-term magnesium supplementation improves glucocorticoid metabolism: A post-hoc analysis of an intervention trial. Clin Endocrinol (Oxf) 2021; 94:150-157. [PMID: 33030273 PMCID: PMC7821302 DOI: 10.1111/cen.14350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2020] [Revised: 09/30/2020] [Accepted: 10/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Increasing magnesium intake might reduce the risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD). Whether potential effects on cortisol contribute to these beneficial effects on cardiovascular health remains unclear. We therefore studied effects of long-term oral magnesium supplementation on glucocorticoid metabolism, specifically on the excretion of urinary cortisol, cortisone and their metabolites, as well as on the ratios reflecting enzymatic activity of 11β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenases (11β-HSDs) and A-ring reductases. DESIGN A post-hoc analysis of a randomized trial with allocation to a magnesium supplement (350 mg/day) or a placebo for 24-week. PATIENTS Forty-nine overweight men and women, aged between 45 and 70 years. MEASUREMENTS Cortisol, cortisone and their metabolites (tetrahydrocortisol [THF], allo-tetrahydrocortisol [allo-THF] and tetrahydrocortisone [THE]) were measured in 24-h urine samples. Enzymatic activities of 11β-HSD overall and of 11β-HSD type 2 were estimated as the urinary (THF + allo-THF [THFs])/THE and cortisol/cortisone ratios, respectively. A-ring reductase activity was assessed by ratios of THF/allo-THF, allo-THF/cortisol, THF/cortisol and THE/cortisone. RESULTS After 24-week, urinary cortisol excretion was decreased in the magnesium group as compared with the placebo group (-32 nmol/24-h, 95% CI: -59; -5 nmol/24-h, p = .021). Ratios of THFs/THE and cortisol/cortisone were decreased following magnesium supplementation by 0.09 (95% CI: 0.02; 0.17, p = .018) and 0.10 (95% CI: 0.03; 0.17, p = .005), respectively. No effects were observed on A-ring reductase activity. CONCLUSIONS We observed a beneficial effect of magnesium supplementation towards a lower 24-h urinary cortisol excretion together with an increased activity of 11β-HSD type 2. Our findings may provide another potential mechanism by which increased magnesium intake lowers CVD risk (ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT02235805).
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Affiliation(s)
- Joëlle C. Schutten
- Department of Internal MedicineDivision of NephrologyUniversity Medical Center GroningenUniversity of GroningenGroningenthe Netherlands
| | - Peter J. Joris
- Department of Nutrition and Movement SciencesNUTRIM School of Nutrition and Translational Research in MetabolismMaastricht University Medical CenterMaastrichtthe Netherlands
| | - Isidor Minović
- Department of Laboratory MedicineUniversity Medical Center GroningenUniversity of GroningenGroningenthe Netherlands
| | - Adrian Post
- Department of Internal MedicineDivision of NephrologyUniversity Medical Center GroningenUniversity of GroningenGroningenthe Netherlands
| | - André P. van Beek
- Department of EndocrinologyUniversity Medical Center GroningenUniversity of GroningenGroningenthe Netherlands
| | - Martin H. de Borst
- Department of Internal MedicineDivision of NephrologyUniversity Medical Center GroningenUniversity of GroningenGroningenthe Netherlands
| | - Ronald P. Mensink
- Department of Nutrition and Movement SciencesNUTRIM School of Nutrition and Translational Research in MetabolismMaastricht University Medical CenterMaastrichtthe Netherlands
| | - Stephan J. L. Bakker
- Department of Internal MedicineDivision of NephrologyUniversity Medical Center GroningenUniversity of GroningenGroningenthe Netherlands
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21
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Magnesium Status and Stress: The Vicious Circle Concept Revisited. Nutrients 2020; 12:nu12123672. [PMID: 33260549 PMCID: PMC7761127 DOI: 10.3390/nu12123672] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2020] [Revised: 11/24/2020] [Accepted: 11/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Magnesium deficiency and stress are both common conditions among the general population, which, over time, can increase the risk of health consequences. Numerous studies, both in pre-clinical and clinical settings, have investigated the interaction of magnesium with key mediators of the physiological stress response, and demonstrated that magnesium plays an inhibitory key role in the regulation and neurotransmission of the normal stress response. Furthermore, low magnesium status has been reported in several studies assessing nutritional aspects in subjects suffering from psychological stress or associated symptoms. This overlap in the results suggests that stress could increase magnesium loss, causing a deficiency; and in turn, magnesium deficiency could enhance the body’s susceptibility to stress, resulting in a magnesium and stress vicious circle. This review revisits the magnesium and stress vicious circle concept, first introduced in the early 1990s, in light of recent available data.
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22
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Wu Y, Funato Y, Meschi E, Jovanoski KD, Miki H, Waddell S. Magnesium efflux from Drosophila Kenyon cells is critical for normal and diet-enhanced long-term memory. eLife 2020; 9:61339. [PMID: 33242000 PMCID: PMC7843133 DOI: 10.7554/elife.61339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2020] [Accepted: 11/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Dietary magnesium (Mg2+) supplementation can enhance memory in young and aged rats. Memory-enhancing capacity was largely ascribed to increases in hippocampal synaptic density and elevated expression of the NR2B subunit of the NMDA-type glutamate receptor. Here we show that Mg2+ feeding also enhances long-term memory in Drosophila. Normal and Mg2+-enhanced fly memory appears independent of NMDA receptors in the mushroom body and instead requires expression of a conserved CNNM-type Mg2+-efflux transporter encoded by the unextended (uex) gene. UEX contains a putative cyclic nucleotide-binding homology domain and its mutation separates a vital role for uex from a function in memory. Moreover, UEX localization in mushroom body Kenyon cells (KCs) is altered in memory-defective flies harboring mutations in cAMP-related genes. Functional imaging suggests that UEX-dependent efflux is required for slow rhythmic maintenance of KC Mg2+. We propose that regulated neuronal Mg2+ efflux is critical for normal and Mg2+-enhanced memory. The proverbial saying ‘you are what you eat’ perfectly summarizes the concept that our diet can influence both our mental and physical health. We know that foods that are good for the heart, such as nuts, oily fish and berries, are also good for the brain. We know too that vitamins and minerals are essential for overall good health. But is there any evidence that increasing your intake of specific vitamins or minerals could help boost your brain power? While it might sound almost too good to be true, there is some evidence that this is the case for at least one mineral, magnesium. Studies in rodents have shown that adding magnesium supplements to food improves how well the animals perform on memory tasks. Both young and old animals benefit from additional magnesium. Even elderly rodents with a condition similar to Alzheimer’s disease show less memory loss when given magnesium supplements. But what about other species? Wu et al. now show that magnesium supplements also boost memory performance in fruit flies. One group of flies was fed with standard cornmeal for several days, while the other group received cornmeal supplemented with magnesium. Both groups were then trained to associate an odor with a food reward. Flies that had received the extra magnesium showed better memory for the odor when tested 24 hours after training. Wu et al. show that magnesium improves memory in the flies via a different mechanism to that reported previously for rodents. In rodents, magnesium increased levels of a receptor protein for a brain chemical called glutamate. In fruit flies, by contrast, the memory boost depended on a protein that transports magnesium out of neurons. Mutant flies that lacked this transporter showed memory impairments. Unlike normal flies, those without the transporter showed no memory improvement after eating magnesium-enriched food. The results suggest that the transporter may help adjust magnesium levels inside brain cells in response to neural activity. Humans produce four variants of this magnesium transporter, each encoded by a different gene. One of these transporters has already been implicated in brain development. The findings of Wu et al. suggest that the transporters may also act in the adult brain to influence cognition. Further studies are needed to test whether targeting the magnesium transporter could ultimately hold promise for treating memory impairments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanying Wu
- Centre for Neural Circuits and Behaviour, The University of Oxford, Tinsley Building, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Yosuke Funato
- Department of Cellular Regulation, Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka University, Suita, Japan
| | - Eleonora Meschi
- Centre for Neural Circuits and Behaviour, The University of Oxford, Tinsley Building, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Kristijan D Jovanoski
- Centre for Neural Circuits and Behaviour, The University of Oxford, Tinsley Building, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Hiroaki Miki
- Department of Cellular Regulation, Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka University, Suita, Japan
| | - Scott Waddell
- Centre for Neural Circuits and Behaviour, The University of Oxford, Tinsley Building, Oxford, United Kingdom
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Moisset X, Giraud P, Meunier E, Condé S, Périé M, Picard P, Pereira B, Ciampi de Andrade D, Clavelou P, Dallel R. Ketamine-Magnesium for Refractory Chronic Cluster Headache: A Case Series. Headache 2020; 60:2537-2543. [PMID: 33128280 DOI: 10.1111/head.14005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2020] [Revised: 10/08/2020] [Accepted: 10/08/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To evaluate the safety and efficacy of ketamine-magnesium combination to reduce attacks in a series of patients with refractory chronic cluster headache (rCCH). BACKGROUND Refractory chronic cluster headache (CCH) is a rare but highly debilitating condition that needs new treatment options. A previous publication reported that a single infusion of ketamine-magnesium combination was effective in 2 patients with rCCH. METHODS The treatment was proposed to consecutive patients with rCCH seen in 2 French hospitals between November 2015 and February 2020 and who were resistant to at least 3 preventive treatments. They received a single ketamine infusion (0.5 mg/kg over 2 hours) combined with magnesium sulfate (3000 mg). The main outcome was a comparison of the number of daily attacks 2 weeks prior to the ketamine-magnesium infusion and 1 week after (on days 7 and 8). The second outcome was the percentage of responders (patients with ≥50% reduction in the frequency of daily attacks). Safety was assessed by the recording of adverse events during infusion. Descriptive statistics are presented as mean ± standard deviation. RESULTS Seventeen patients (14 men), with an age of 35.2 ± 8.1 years, were included. They presented with CCH for 6.6 ± 4.3 years. The number of daily attacks decreased from 4.3 ± 2.4 before treatment to 1.3 ± 1.0 after treatment (difference: -3.1 (95% CI: -4.5 to -1.6), P < .001). Seventy six percent (13/17) were responders. Transient and mild sedation was reported by 7/17 patients (41.2%). CONCLUSIONS The ketamine-magnesium combination seems an effective and well-tolerated therapy for rCCH. Placebo-controlled studies should be conducted to further confirm these findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xavier Moisset
- Service de Neurologie, Université Clermont Auvergne, CHU de Clermont-Ferrand, Inserm, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Pierric Giraud
- Department of Neurology, Annecy Genevois Hospital, Annecy, France
| | - Estelle Meunier
- Service de Neurologie, Université Clermont Auvergne, CHU de Clermont-Ferrand, Inserm, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Sakahlé Condé
- Service de Neurologie, Université Clermont Auvergne, CHU de Clermont-Ferrand, Inserm, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Maud Périé
- Service de Neurologie, Université Clermont Auvergne, CHU de Clermont-Ferrand, Inserm, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Pascale Picard
- Service de Neurologie, Université Clermont Auvergne, CHU de Clermont-Ferrand, Inserm, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Bruno Pereira
- Biostatistics Unit, CHU de Clermont-Ferrand, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | | | - Pierre Clavelou
- Service de Neurologie, Université Clermont Auvergne, CHU de Clermont-Ferrand, Inserm, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Radhouane Dallel
- Service de Neurologie, Université Clermont Auvergne, CHU de Clermont-Ferrand, Inserm, Clermont-Ferrand, France
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Sahin Z, Ozkurkculer A, Kalkan OF, Ozkaya A, Koc A, Koca RO, Solak H, Gormus ZIS, Kutlu S. Chronic immobilization stress induces anxiety-related behaviors and affects brain essential minerals in male rats. INT J VITAM NUTR RES 2020; 92:349-356. [PMID: 32954971 DOI: 10.1024/0300-9831/a000682] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Alterations of essential elements in the brain are associated with the pathophysiology of many neuropsychiatric disorders. It is known that chronic/overwhelming stress may cause some anxiety and/or depression. We aimed to investigate the effects of two different chronic immobilization stress protocols on anxiety-related behaviors and brain minerals. Adult male Wistar rats were divided into 3 groups as follows (n = 10/group): control, immobilization stress-1 (45 minutes daily for 7-day) and immobilization stress-2 (45 minutes twice a day for 7-day). Stress-related behaviors were evaluated by open field test and forced swimming test. In the immobilization stress-1 and immobilization stress-2 groups, percentage of time spent in the central area (6.38 ± 0.41% and 6.28 ± 1.03% respectively, p < 0.05) and rearing frequency (2.75 ± 0.41 and 3.85 ± 0.46, p < 0.01 and p < 0.05, respectively) were lower, latency to center area (49.11 ± 5.87 s and 44.92 ± 8.04 s, p < 0.01 and p < 0.01, respectively), were higher than the control group (8.65 ± 0.49%, 5.37 ± 0.44 and 15.3 ± 3.32 s, respectively). In the immobilization stress-1 group, zinc (12.65 ± 0.1 ppm, p < 0.001), magnesium (170.4 ± 1.7 ppm, p < 0.005) and phosphate (2.76 ± 0.1 ppm, p < 0.05) levels were lower than the control group (13.87 ± 0.16 ppm, 179.31 ± 1.87 ppm and 3.11 ± 0.06 ppm, respectively). In the immobilization stress-2 group, magnesium (171.56 ± 1.87 ppm, p < 0.05), phosphate (2.44 ± 0.07 ppm, p < 0.001) levels were lower, and manganese (373.68 ± 5.76 ppb, p < 0.001) and copper (2.79 ± 0.15 ppm, p < 0.05) levels were higher than the control group (179.31 ± 1.87 ppm, 3.11 ± 0.06 ppm, 327.25 ± 8.35 ppb and 2.45 ± 0.05 ppm, respectively). Our results indicated that 7-day chronic immobilization stress increased anxiety-related behaviors in both stress groups. Zinc, magnesium, phosphate, copper and manganese levels were affected in the brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zafer Sahin
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Karadeniz Technical University, Trabzon, Turkey
| | - Alpaslan Ozkurkculer
- Department of Physiology, Meram Faculty of Medicine, Necmettin Erbakan University, Konya, Turkey
| | - Omer Faruk Kalkan
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Karadeniz Technical University, Trabzon, Turkey
| | - Ahmet Ozkaya
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Art, Adiyaman University, Adiyaman, Turkey
| | - Aynur Koc
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Hitit University, Corum, Turkey
| | - Raviye Ozen Koca
- Department of Physiology, Meram Faculty of Medicine, Necmettin Erbakan University, Konya, Turkey
| | - Hatice Solak
- Department of Physiology, Meram Faculty of Medicine, Necmettin Erbakan University, Konya, Turkey
| | | | - Selim Kutlu
- Department of Physiology, Meram Faculty of Medicine, Necmettin Erbakan University, Konya, Turkey
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Sun J, Wang W, Zhang D. Associations of different types of dairy intakes with depressive symptoms in adults. J Affect Disord 2020; 274:326-333. [PMID: 32469823 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2020.05.095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2020] [Revised: 04/06/2020] [Accepted: 05/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Current evidence on the associations between different types of milk products and depressive symptoms is few and controversial, and there has been no study focusing on different types of milk (whole-fat, low-fat, and skim). This study aimed to appraise their associations. METHODS This cross-sectional study included adults (N=21,924) from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2007-2016. Patient Health Questionnaire was used to evaluate depressive symptoms. Logistic regression model was implemented to assess the association of dairy consumption with depressive symptoms. RESULTS After multivariate adjustment, compared to non-consumers, the odds ratios (95% confidence intervals) of depressive symptoms for intake < 175.38 g/d and 175.38 to < 321.56 g/d of skim milk were 0.48 (0.27-0.85) and 0.46 (0.29-0.75), and 0.70 (0.55-0.88) for intake < 81.00 g/d of milk desserts, while 1.61 (1.05-2.46), 1.70 (1.15-2.50) and 1.55 (1.11-2.16) for intake < 129.63 g/d, 129.63 to < 289.75 g/d and ≥ 289.75 g/d of whole milk, respectively. These associations remained significant in stratified analyses by gender and age. Additionally, yogurt was negatively associated with depressive symptoms in both females and the age group (≥ 60 years). Low-fat milk was inversely associated with depressive symptoms for both males and the age group (≥ 60 years). Moderate creams intake was negatively associated with depressive symptoms in males. LIMITATIONS It was difficult to infer causality for a cross-sectional study. CONCLUSIONS Intakes of skim milk and moderate milk desserts were negatively associated with depressive symptoms, while whole milk was positively associated with depressive symptoms among adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Sun
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, the School of Public Health of Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Weijing Wang
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, the School of Public Health of Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Dongfeng Zhang
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, the School of Public Health of Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong Province, People's Republic of China.
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Maier JA, Pickering G, Giacomoni E, Cazzaniga A, Pellegrino P. Headaches and Magnesium: Mechanisms, Bioavailability, Therapeutic Efficacy and Potential Advantage of Magnesium Pidolate. Nutrients 2020; 12:nu12092660. [PMID: 32878232 PMCID: PMC7551876 DOI: 10.3390/nu12092660] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2020] [Revised: 08/13/2020] [Accepted: 08/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Magnesium deficiency may occur for several reasons, such as inadequate intake or increased gastrointestinal or renal loss. A large body of literature suggests a relationship between magnesium deficiency and mild and moderate tension-type headaches and migraines. A number of double-blind randomized placebo-controlled trials have shown that magnesium is efficacious in relieving headaches and have led to the recommendation of oral magnesium for headache relief in several national and international guidelines. Among several magnesium salts available to treat magnesium deficiency, magnesium pidolate may have high bioavailability and good penetration at the intracellular level. Here, we discuss the cellular and molecular effects of magnesium deficiency in the brain and the clinical evidence supporting the use of magnesium for the treatment of headaches and migraines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeanette A. Maier
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche e Cliniche L. Sacco, Università di Milano, 20157 Milano, Italy;
- Correspondence:
| | - Gisele Pickering
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, University Hospital and Inserm 1107 Fundamental and Clinical Pharmacology of Pain, Medical Faculty, F-63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France;
| | - Elena Giacomoni
- Sanofi Consumer Health Care, 20158 Milan, Italy; (E.G.); (P.P.)
| | - Alessandra Cazzaniga
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche e Cliniche L. Sacco, Università di Milano, 20157 Milano, Italy;
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Rooney S, Sah A, Unger MS, Kharitonova M, Sartori SB, Schwarzer C, Aigner L, Kettenmann H, Wolf SA, Singewald N. Neuroinflammatory alterations in trait anxiety: modulatory effects of minocycline. Transl Psychiatry 2020; 10:256. [PMID: 32732969 PMCID: PMC7393101 DOI: 10.1038/s41398-020-00942-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2019] [Revised: 07/07/2020] [Accepted: 07/15/2020] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
High trait anxiety is a substantial risk factor for developing anxiety disorders and depression. While neuroinflammation has been identified to contribute to stress-induced anxiety, little is known about potential dysregulation in the neuroinflammatory system of genetically determined pathological anxiety or high trait anxiety individuals. We report microglial alterations in various brain regions in a mouse model of high trait anxiety (HAB). In particular, the dentate gyrus (DG) of the hippocampus of HABs exhibited enhanced density and average cell area of Iba1+, and density of phagocytic (CD68+/Iba1+) microglia compared to normal anxiety (NAB) controls. Minocycline was used to assess the capacity of a putative microglia 'inhibitor' in modulating hyperanxiety behavior of HABs. Chronic oral minocycline indeed reduced HAB hyperanxiety, which was associated with significant decreases in Iba1+ and CD68+Iba1+ cell densities in the DG. Addressing causality, it was demonstrated that longer (10 days), but not shorter (5 days), periods of minocycline microinfusions locally into the DG of HAB reduced Iba-1+ cell density and attenuated hyperanxiety-related behavior, indicating that neuroinflammation in the DG is at least partially involved in the maintenance of pathological anxiety. The present data reveal evidence of disturbances in the microglial system of individuals with high trait anxiety. Minocycline attenuated HAB hyperanxiety, likely by modulation of microglial activity within the DG. Thus, the present data suggest that drugs with microglia-targeted anti-inflammatory properties could be promising as novel alternative or complimentary anxiolytic therapeutic approaches in specific subgroups of individuals genetically predisposed to hyperanxiety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sinead Rooney
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Institute of Pharmacy and Center for Molecular Biosciences Innsbruck (CMBI), University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Anupam Sah
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Institute of Pharmacy and Center for Molecular Biosciences Innsbruck (CMBI), University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Michael S Unger
- Institute of Molecular Regenerative Medicine, Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg, Austria
- Spinal Cord Injury and Tissue Regeneration Center Salzburg (SCI-TReCS), Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Maria Kharitonova
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Institute of Pharmacy and Center for Molecular Biosciences Innsbruck (CMBI), University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Simone B Sartori
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Institute of Pharmacy and Center for Molecular Biosciences Innsbruck (CMBI), University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Christoph Schwarzer
- Department of Pharmacology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Ludwig Aigner
- Institute of Molecular Regenerative Medicine, Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg, Austria
- Spinal Cord Injury and Tissue Regeneration Center Salzburg (SCI-TReCS), Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Helmut Kettenmann
- Department of Cellular Neurosciences, Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine, Berlin, Germany
| | - Susanne A Wolf
- Department of Cellular Neurosciences, Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine, Berlin, Germany
- Department of Ophthalmology, Charité Universitätsmedizin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Nicolas Singewald
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Institute of Pharmacy and Center for Molecular Biosciences Innsbruck (CMBI), University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria.
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Botturi A, Ciappolino V, Delvecchio G, Boscutti A, Viscardi B, Brambilla P. The Role and the Effect of Magnesium in Mental Disorders: A Systematic Review. Nutrients 2020; 12:nu12061661. [PMID: 32503201 PMCID: PMC7352515 DOI: 10.3390/nu12061661] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2020] [Revised: 05/13/2020] [Accepted: 05/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Magnesium is an essential cation involved in many functions within the central nervous system, including transmission and intracellular signal transduction. Several studies have shown its usefulness in neurological and psychiatric diseases. Furthermore, it seems that magnesium levels are lowered in the course of several mental disorders, especially depression. Objectives: In this study, we wish to evaluate the presence of a relationship between the levels of magnesium and the presence of psychiatric pathology as well as the effectiveness of magnesium as a therapeutic supplementation. Methods: A systematic search of scientific records concerning magnesium in psychiatric disorders published from 2010 up to March 2020 was performed. We collected a total of 32 articles: 18 on Depressive Disorders (DD), four on Anxiety Disorders (AD), four on Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD), three on Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD), one on Obsessive–Compulsive Disorder (OCD), one on Schizophrenia (SCZ) and one on Eating Disorders (ED). Results: Twelve studies highlighted mainly positive results in depressive symptoms. Seven showed a significant correlation between reduced plasma magnesium values and depression measured with psychometric scales. Two papers reported improved depressive symptoms after magnesium intake, two in association with antidepressants, compared to controls. No significant association between magnesium serum levels and panic or Generalized Anxiety Disorder (GAD) patients, in two distinct papers, was found. In two other papers, a reduced Hamilton Anxiety Rating Scale (HAM-A) score in depressed patients correlated with higher levels of magnesium and beneficial levels of magnesium in stressed patients was found. Two papers reported low levels of magnesium in association with ADHD. Only one of three papers showed lower levels of magnesium in ASD. ED and SCZ reported a variation in magnesium levels in some aspects of the disease. Conclusion: The results are not univocal, both in terms of the plasma levels and of therapeutic effects. However, from the available evidence, it emerged that supplementation with magnesium could be beneficial. Therefore, it is necessary to design ad hoc clinical trials to evaluate the efficacy of magnesium alone or together with other drugs (antidepressants) in order to establish the correct use of this cation with potential therapeutic effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Botturi
- Neurologic Clinic, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto neurologico Carlo Besta, 20133 Milan, Italy
- Correspondence:
| | - Valentina Ciappolino
- Department of Neurosciences and Mental Health, Fondazione IRCCS Ca’ Granda-Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, 20122 Milan, Italy; (V.C.); (A.B.); (B.V.); (P.B.)
| | - Giuseppe Delvecchio
- Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, University of Milan, 20122 Milan, Italy;
| | - Andrea Boscutti
- Department of Neurosciences and Mental Health, Fondazione IRCCS Ca’ Granda-Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, 20122 Milan, Italy; (V.C.); (A.B.); (B.V.); (P.B.)
| | - Bianca Viscardi
- Department of Neurosciences and Mental Health, Fondazione IRCCS Ca’ Granda-Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, 20122 Milan, Italy; (V.C.); (A.B.); (B.V.); (P.B.)
| | - Paolo Brambilla
- Department of Neurosciences and Mental Health, Fondazione IRCCS Ca’ Granda-Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, 20122 Milan, Italy; (V.C.); (A.B.); (B.V.); (P.B.)
- Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, University of Milan, 20122 Milan, Italy;
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Cuthbertson H, Tarr G, Loudon K, Lomax S, White P, McGreevy P, Polkinghorne R, González LA. Using infrared thermography on farm of origin to predict meat quality and physiological response in cattle (Bos Taurus) exposed to transport and marketing. Meat Sci 2020; 169:108173. [PMID: 32590276 DOI: 10.1016/j.meatsci.2020.108173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2019] [Revised: 04/14/2020] [Accepted: 04/27/2020] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Temperature is used as an indicator of animals' response to external stimuli and thus it could potentially be used as an indicator or poor animal welfare and meat quality. Remote monitoring of temperature can be achieved using infrared thermography (IRT) at the farm of origin before animals are sent to slaughter. Relationships between temperatures of cattle measured using IRT on-farm and potential indicators of stress and meat quality were investigated in 481 cattle in 2 experiments, one with sea transport and another with land transport. On-farm measurements included IRT and behavioural assessment of temperament along with measurement of physiological indicators of stress and carcass traits post-mortem. Significant correlations were found between IRT and meat pH, meat colour, creatine kinase, glucose, non-esterified fatty acids, magnesium, and temperament (P < .05). That said, these correlations did not persist across both experiments. Current findings suggest that on-farm IRT could have the potential to assist with the detection of compromised animal welfare and predict meat quality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Holly Cuthbertson
- The University of Sydney, School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture and Environment, Camden, NSW 2570, Australia.
| | - Garth Tarr
- The University of Sydney, School of Mathematics and Statistics, Faculty of Science, Darlington, NSW 2006, Australia
| | - Kate Loudon
- Murdoch University, School of Veterinary & Life Sciences, WA 6150. Australia
| | - Sabrina Lomax
- The University of Sydney, School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture and Environment, Camden, NSW 2570, Australia
| | - Peter White
- The University of Sydney, School of Veterinary Science, Faculty of Science, Camperdown, NSW 2006, Australia
| | - Paul McGreevy
- The University of Sydney, School of Veterinary Science, Faculty of Science, Camperdown, NSW 2006, Australia
| | | | - Luciano A González
- The University of Sydney, School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture and Environment, Camden, NSW 2570, Australia
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Sun J, Li Z, Li Y, Zhang D. Intakes of Specific Categories of Vegetables and Fruits Are Inversely Associated With Depressive Symptoms Among Adults. J Epidemiol 2020; 31:210-219. [PMID: 32281554 PMCID: PMC7878715 DOI: 10.2188/jea.je20200003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Epidemiological evidence on the relationships between intakes of different categories of vegetables and fruits and depressive symptoms is very limited and inconsistent, especially with no evidence from the general population. This study aimed to estimate their relationships among a large general population. METHODS The cross-sectional design was based on the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (2007-2014) and included 16,925 adults. Dietary information was attained from two nonconsecutive 24-hr dietary recalls. Patient Health Questionnaire was applied for measuring depressive symptoms. The associations between vegetables and fruits intakes and depressive symptoms were appraised utilizing logistic regression and restricted cubic spline. RESULTS Compared with the lowest category of intake, the most-adjusted odds ratios of depressive symptoms for the highest intake category of tomatoes and tomato mixtures were 0.81 (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.66-0.99), and 0.64 (95% CI, 0.48-0.85) for dark-green vegetables, 0.67 (95% CI, 0.53-0.84) for other vegetables, 0.48 (95% CI, 0.29-0.79) for berries, 0.67 (95% CI, 0.55-0.82) for total vegetables, and 0.70 (95% CI, 0.57-0.86) for total fruits, and for the medium categories of bananas and dried fruits were 0.62 (95% CI, 0.41-0.95) and 0.39 (95% CI, 0.19-0.81), respectively. After sensitivity analysis further excluding subjects with co-morbid health conditions, these findings remained significant, except for bananas. An L-shaped relationship was observed between depressive symptoms and intake of total vegetables, while the association was linear with total fruits intake. CONCLUSIONS Intakes of tomatoes and tomato mixtures, dark-green vegetables, other vegetables, berries, dried fruits, total vegetables, and total fruits were inversely related to depressive symptoms among adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Sun
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, the School of Public Health of Qingdao University
| | - Zhaoying Li
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, the School of Public Health of Qingdao University
| | - Yan Li
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, the School of Public Health of Qingdao University
| | - Dongfeng Zhang
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, the School of Public Health of Qingdao University
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31
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Davison KM, Lin S(L, Tong H, Kobayashi KM, Mora-Almanza JG, Fuller-Thomson E. Nutritional Factors, Physical Health and Immigrant Status Are Associated with Anxiety Disorders among Middle-Aged and Older Adults: Findings from Baseline Data of The Canadian Longitudinal Study on Aging (CLSA). INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2020; 17:ijerph17051493. [PMID: 32110904 PMCID: PMC7084187 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17051493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2020] [Revised: 02/18/2020] [Accepted: 02/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The main purpose of this study was to compare the lifetime prevalence of anxiety disorders among foreign-born and Canadian-born adults in middle and later life. Using baseline data of the Canadian Longitudinal Study on Aging (2010–2015), multivariable binary logistic regression was conducted to investigate anxiety diagnosis and immigrant status, while controlling for socio-economic, health-related, and nutrition covariates. Of 26,991 participants (49.3% men, 82.5% Canadian born, 58.5% aged 45–65 years), the overall prevalence of self-reported physician diagnosis of anxiety disorders was 8.5%, with immigrants being lower than Canadian-born respondents (6.4% vs. 9.3%, p < 0.001). After accounting for all covariates, the adjusted odds ratio (aOR) for anxiety disorders was lower among immigrants (aOR = 0.77, 95% CI: 0.67–0.88) compared to those who were Canadian born. Identified risk factors included: younger age (aORs = 1.79–3.52), being a woman (aOR = 1.25, 95% CI: 1.07–1.46), single status (aOR = 1.27, 95% CI: 1.09–1.48), lower income (aORs = 1.28–2.68), multi-morbidities (aORs = 2.73–5.13), chronic pain (aOR = 1.31, 95% CI: 1.18–1.44), lifetime smoking ≥ 100 cigarettes (aOR = 1.35, 95% CI: 1.23–1.48), BMI < 18.5 (aOR = 1.87, 95% CI: 1.20–2.92), body fat ≥ 26% (aORs = 1.28–1.79), fruit and vegetable intake (<3/day; aORs = 1.24–1.26), and pastry consumption (>1/day; aOR = 1.55, 95% CI: 1.12–1.15) (p < 0.05). Targeting socio-economic and nutritional risk factors may reduce the burden of anxiety disorders in middle and late adulthood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karen M. Davison
- Health Science, Kwantlen Polytechnic University, Surrey, BC V3W 2M8, Canada;
- Department of Psychology, University of Hawai’i at Mānoa, Honolulu, HI 96822, USA
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-604-300-0331
| | - Shen (Lamson) Lin
- Factor-Inwentash Faculty of Social Work and Institute for Life Course & Aging, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1V4, Canada (E.F.-T.)
| | - Hongmei Tong
- Faculty of Health and Community Studies, MacEwan University; Edmonton, AB T5J 4S2, Canada;
| | - Karen M. Kobayashi
- Department of Sociology, University of Victoria; Victoria, BC V8W 2Y2, Canada;
| | | | - Esme Fuller-Thomson
- Factor-Inwentash Faculty of Social Work and Institute for Life Course & Aging, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1V4, Canada (E.F.-T.)
- Department of Family & Community Medicine and Faculty of Nursing, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5G 1V7 & M5T 1P8, Canada
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The blockade of corticotropin-releasing factor 1 receptor attenuates anxiety-related symptoms and hypothalamus-pituitary-adrenal axis reactivity in mice with mild traumatic brain injury. Behav Pharmacol 2020; 30:220-228. [PMID: 30883392 DOI: 10.1097/fbp.0000000000000450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Recent studies have shown that mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI) is associated with higher risk for anxiety-related disorders. Dysregulation in the hypothalamus-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis following mTBI has been proposed to be involved in the development of neurobehavioral abnormalities; however, the underlying mechanisms are largely unknown. The aim of this study was to determine whether the corticotropin-releasing-factor-1 (CRF-1) receptor is involved in the regulation of anxiety-related symptoms in a mouse model of mTBI. Animals with or without mTBI received intracerebroventricular injections of a CRF-1 receptor agonist (CRF; 0.01 nmol/mouse) or antagonist (antalarmin; 1 µg/mouse) for 5 days, and then the animals were subjected to anxiety tests (light-dark box and zero maze). The levels of adrenocorticotropic hormone and corticosterone, the most important markers of HPA axis, were also measured after behavioral tests. Our results indicated that mTBI-induced anxiety-related symptoms in mice through increased levels of adrenocorticotropic hormone and corticosterone, showing HPA axis hyperactivity. Interestingly, activation of CRF receptor by a subthreshold dose of CRF resulted in significant increases in anxiety-like behaviors and HPA axis response to stress, whereas blockade of CRF receptors by a subthreshold dose of antalarmin decreased anxiety-related symptoms and HPA axis response to stress in mTBI-induced mice. Collectively, these findings suggest that the CRF-1 receptor plays an important role in the regulation of anxiety-related behaviors following mTBI induction in mice and support the hypothesis that blockade of the CRF-1 receptor may be a promising therapeutic target for anxiety-related disorders in patients with TBI.
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Kronbauer M, Metz VG, Roversi K, Milanesi LH, Rubert Rossato D, da Silva Barcelos RC, Burger ME. Influence of magnesium supplementation and L-type calcium channel blocker on haloperidol-induced movement disturbances. Behav Brain Res 2019; 374:112119. [PMID: 31374223 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2019.112119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2019] [Revised: 06/10/2019] [Accepted: 07/28/2019] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Haloperidol (Hal) is an antipsychotic related to movement disorders. Magnesium (Mg) showed benefits on orofacial dyskinesia (OD), suggesting its involvement with N-methyl-D-aspartate receptors (NMDAR) since it acts blocking calcium channels. Comparisons between nifedipine (NIF; a calcium channel blocker) and Mg were performed to establish the Mg mechanism. Male rats concomitantly received Hal and Mg or NIF for 28 days, and OD behaviors were weekly assessed. Both Mg and NIF decreased Hal-induced OD. Hal increased Ca2+-ATPase activity in the striatum, and Mg reversed it. In the cortex, both Mg and NIF decreased such activity. Dopaminergic and glutamatergic immunoreactivity were modified by Hal and treatments: i) in the cortex: Hal reduced D1R and D2R, increasing NMDAR immunoreactivity. Mg and NIF reversed this Hal influence on D1R and NMDAR, while only Mg reversed Hal effects on D2R levels; ii) in the striatum: Hal decreased D2R and increased NMDAR while Mg and NIF decreased D1R and reversed the Hal-induced decreasing D2R levels. Only Mg reversed the Hal-induced increasing NMDAR levels; iii) in the substantia nigra (SN): while Hal increased D1R, D2R, and NMDAR, both Mg and NIF reversed this influence on D2R, but only Mg reversed the Hal-influence on D1R levels. Only NIF reversed the Hal effects on NMDAR immunoreactivity. These findings allow us to propose that Mg may be useful to minimize Hal-induced movement disturbances. Mg molecular mechanism seems to be involved with a calcium channel blocker because the NIF group showed less expressive effects than the Mg group.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maikel Kronbauer
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Farmacologia, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria (UFSM), RS, Brazil
| | - Vinicia Garzela Metz
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Farmacologia, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria (UFSM), RS, Brazil
| | - Karine Roversi
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Farmacologia, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria (UFSM), RS, Brazil
| | - Laura H Milanesi
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Farmacologia, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria (UFSM), RS, Brazil
| | | | | | - Marilise E Burger
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Farmacologia, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria (UFSM), RS, Brazil; Departamento de Fisiologia e Farmacologia, UFSM, RS, Brazil.
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A new stress model by predatory sound produces persistent anxiety-like behaviours in male SD rats but not ICR mice. Appl Anim Behav Sci 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.applanim.2019.104843] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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Hosker DK, Elkins RM, Potter MP. Promoting Mental Health and Wellness in Youth Through Physical Activity, Nutrition, and Sleep. Child Adolesc Psychiatr Clin N Am 2019; 28:171-193. [PMID: 30832951 DOI: 10.1016/j.chc.2018.11.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The medical benefits to youth conferred by physical activity, balanced nutrition, and quality sleep have been increasingly encouraged by medical and mental health providers. Emerging evidence continues to reveal benefits for youth mental health and well-being, including for youth with psychiatric disorders. This evidence seems multifactorial through both neurobiological and psychosocial systems, with common mechanisms present between physical activity, nutrition, and sleep. This article reviews the benefits of optimizing physical activity, nutrition, and sleep; how to assess these lifestyle domains with patients and their parents; and appropriate interventions to optimize well-being in youth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel K Hosker
- Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, 32 Fruit Street, Boston, MA 02114, USA.
| | - R Meredith Elkins
- McLean Anxiety Mastery Program, McLean Hospital, 799 Concord Avenue, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA; Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, 25 Shattuck Street, Cambridge, MA 02115, USA
| | - Mona P Potter
- Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, 25 Shattuck Street, Cambridge, MA 02115, USA; McLean Child and Adolescent Psychiatry Outpatient Services, McLean Hospital, 115 Mill Street, Belmont, MA 02478, USA
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Airagnes G, Ducoutumany G, Laffy-Beaufils B, Le Faou AL, Limosin F. Alcohol withdrawal syndrome management: Is there anything new? Rev Med Interne 2019; 40:373-379. [PMID: 30853380 DOI: 10.1016/j.revmed.2019.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2018] [Revised: 01/20/2019] [Accepted: 02/06/2019] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Patients with alcohol use disorder experience frequently alcohol withdrawal syndrome (AWS), which is a potentially life-threatening condition mainly caused by glutamate overactivity. The aim of therapeutic alcohol withdrawal is the entry into a process of complete and lasting abstinence. Therefore preparing withdrawal is crucial to optimize compliance and efficacy of aftercare. Indeed, performing repeated withdrawal per se without any project of subsequent abstinence may be deleterious, at least because of repeated exposure to glutamate neurotoxicity. Managing AWS mainly consists in anticipating severe withdrawal, decreasing the risk of complications, making this experience as comfortable as possible, preventing from long-term benzodiazepine use, and enhancing motivation to aftercare and long-term abstinence. In particular, there are specific guidelines to choose which benzodiazepine administration approach to adopt (i.e. symptom-triggered, fixed schedule or loading dosage) and which other drugs to deliver (e.g. thiamine, folate, magnesium). Specific precautions should be taken in the elderly.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Airagnes
- Hôpitaux universitaires Paris Ouest, Department of Psychiatry and Addictology, AP-HP, 75015 Paris, France; Faculté de médecine, Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 75006 Paris, France; UMS 011, Population-based Epidemiological Cohorts, Inserm, 94800 Villejuif, France.
| | - G Ducoutumany
- Hôpitaux universitaires Paris Ouest, Department of Psychiatry and Addictology, AP-HP, 75015 Paris, France; Faculté de médecine, Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 75006 Paris, France
| | - B Laffy-Beaufils
- Hôpitaux universitaires Paris Ouest, Department of Psychiatry and Addictology, AP-HP, 75015 Paris, France; Faculté de médecine, Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 75006 Paris, France
| | - A-L Le Faou
- Hôpitaux universitaires Paris Ouest, Department of Psychiatry and Addictology, AP-HP, 75015 Paris, France; Faculté de médecine, Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 75006 Paris, France; UMR-S 1123, Épidémiologie Clinique et Évaluation Économique Appliquées aux Populations Vulnérables (ECEVE), Inserm, 75010 Paris, France
| | - F Limosin
- Hôpitaux universitaires Paris Ouest, Department of Psychiatry and Addictology, AP-HP, 75015 Paris, France; Faculté de médecine, Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 75006 Paris, France; U 894, Centre Psychiatrie et Neurosciences, Inserm, 75014 Paris, France
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Dietary magnesium intake and risk of depression. J Affect Disord 2019; 246:627-632. [PMID: 30611059 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2018.12.114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2018] [Revised: 12/10/2018] [Accepted: 12/24/2018] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Depression is an important public health problem. The aim of the present study is to examine the association of dietary magnesium intake with risk of depression. METHODS We assessed the association between dietary magnesium intake and risk of depression in a nationally representative sample of 17,730 adults from the 2007-2014 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. Magnesium intake was assessed by 24 h dietary recalls. Depression was assessed using the Patient Health Questionnaire-9. Logistic regression and restricted cubic spline models were applied to assess the relationship between dietary magnesium intake and risk of depression. RESULTS Dietary magnesium intake was inversely associated with risk of depression, and the multivariate adjusted odds ratio (95% confidence interval) of depression for the highest vs lowest category of dietary magnesium intake was 0.47(0.34-0.66). In subgroup analysis, dietary magnesium intake was inversely associated with risk of depression among women whereas no association was found among man. The inverse association between dietary magnesium intake and risk of depression was statistically significant among all age groups. A linear relationship (Pfor nonlinearity = 0.34) was found between dietary magnesium intake and risk of depression in dose-response analysis. LIMITATIONS This was a cross-sectional study, thus causality cannot be inferred. In addition, data was based on self-reports. CONCLUSIONS Dietary magnesium intake was inversely associated with the risk of depression in a linear manner, which still needs to be confirmed by larger prospective studies.
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Vegetative Dysfunctions After Infections and Possibilities of Their Correction in the General Practice (Review of the Literature). Fam Med 2019. [DOI: 10.30841/2307-5112.1.2019.172198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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Sah A, Sotnikov S, Kharitonova M, Schmuckermair C, Diepold RP, Landgraf R, Whittle N, Singewald N. Epigenetic Mechanisms Within the Cingulate Cortex Regulate Innate Anxiety-Like Behavior. Int J Neuropsychopharmacol 2019; 22:317-328. [PMID: 30668714 PMCID: PMC6441131 DOI: 10.1093/ijnp/pyz004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2018] [Revised: 01/11/2019] [Accepted: 01/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pathological anxiety originates from a complex interplay of genetic predisposition and environmental factors, acting via epigenetic mechanisms. Epigenetic processes that can counteract detrimental genetic risk towards innate high anxiety are not well characterized. METHODS We used female mouse lines of selectively bred high (HAB)- vs low (LAB)-innate anxiety-related behavior and performed select environmental and pharmacological manipulations to alter anxiety levels as well as brain-specific manipulations and immunohistochemistry to investigate neuronal mechanisms associated with alterations in anxiety-related behavior. RESULTS Inborn hyperanxiety of high anxiety-like phenotypes was effectively reduced by environmental enrichment exposure. c-Fos mapping revealed that hyperanxiety in high anxiety-like phenotypes was associated with blunted challenge-induced neuronal activation in the cingulate-cortex, which was normalized by environmental enrichment. Relating this finding with epigenetic modifications, we found that high anxiety-like phenotypes (compared with low-innate anxiety phenotypes) showed reduced acetylation in the hypoactivated cingulate-cortex neurons following a mild emotional challenge, which again was normalized by environmental enrichment. Paralleling the findings using environmental enrichment, systemic administration of histone-deacetylase-inhibitor MS-275 elicited an anxiolytic-like effect, which was correlated with increased acetylated-histone-3 levels within cingulate-cortex. Finally, as a proof-of-principle, local MS-275 injection into cingulate-cortex rescued enhanced innate anxiety and increased acetylated-histone-3 within the cingulate-cortex, suggesting this epigenetic mark as a biomarker for treatment success. CONCLUSIONS Taken together, the present findings provide the first causal evidence that the attenuation of high innate anxiety-like behavior via environmental/pharmacological manipulations is epigenetically mediated via acetylation changes within the cingulate-cortex. Finally, histone-3 specific histone-deacetylase-inhibitor could be of therapeutic importance in anxiety disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anupam Sah
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Institute of Pharmacy and Center for Molecular Biosciences Innsbruck, University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | | | - Maria Kharitonova
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Institute of Pharmacy and Center for Molecular Biosciences Innsbruck, University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Claudia Schmuckermair
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Institute of Pharmacy and Center for Molecular Biosciences Innsbruck, University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | | | | | - Nigel Whittle
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Institute of Pharmacy and Center for Molecular Biosciences Innsbruck, University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Nicolas Singewald
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Institute of Pharmacy and Center for Molecular Biosciences Innsbruck, University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria,Correspondence: Nicolas Singewald, PhD, Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Institute of Pharmacy and Center for Molecular Biosciences Innsbruck (CMBI), University of Innsbruck, Innrain 80–82/III, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria ()
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Nakajima N, Doi K, Tamiya S, Yayota M. Physiological, immunological, and behavioral responses in cows housed under confinement conditions after grazing✰. Livest Sci 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.livsci.2018.10.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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41
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Ran Y, Jin Z, Chen X, Zhao N, Fang X, Zhang L, Zhang Y, Li Y. Hypidone Hydrochloride (YL-0919) Produces a Fast-Onset Reversal of the Behavioral and Synaptic Deficits Caused by Chronic Stress Exposure. Front Cell Neurosci 2018; 12:395. [PMID: 30524234 PMCID: PMC6256289 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2018.00395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2018] [Accepted: 10/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Our previous study showed that hypidone hydrochloride (YL-0919), a partial serotonin 1A (5-HT1A) receptor agonist and 5-HT reuptake inhibitor, exerts a significant antidepressant effect in various animal models. The aim of the present study was to further investigate the underlying mechanisms and whether it could act as a fast-onset antidepressant. In the current study, depressive-like behavior was induced in rats by a chronic unpredictable stress (CUS) model and assessed with the Sucrose Preference Test (SPT). Treatment with YL-0919 (2.5 mg/kg, i.g.), but not with fluoxetine (Flx; 10 mg/kg, i.g.), caused a fast improvement in the SPT scores. In CUS-exposed rats, YL-0919 treatment for 5 days decreased the immobility time in a forced swimming test (FST), and a 10-day treatment decreased the latency to feed in a Novelty-Suppressed Feeding Test (NSFT). In addition to the behavioral tests, the effects of YL-0919 on synaptic protein expression were also evaluated. Western blotting showed that YL-0919 significantly enhanced the expression levels of synaptic proteins such as synapsin I, postsynaptic density protein 95 (PSD95), phosphorylated mammalian targeting of rapamycin (pmTOR) and brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) in the hippocampus. To determine how the mTOR signaling is involved in the fast-onset antidepressant-like effects of YL-0919, the mTOR-specific inhibitor rapamycin was administered intracerebroventricularly (i.c.v.) together with the YL-0919 treatment. The observed changes in behavioral tests and protein expression could be reversed by rapamycin treatment. This suggests that the fast-onset antidepressant effects of YL-0919 were partially caused by changes in synaptogenesis mediated by activation of mTOR pathways. Our data suggest that YL-0919 may be a powerful/effective antidepressant with fast-onset.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuhua Ran
- State Key Laboratory of Toxicology Medical Countermeasures, Beijing Key Laboratories of Neuropsychopharmacology, Beijing Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Academy of Military Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Zengliang Jin
- State Key Laboratory of Toxicology Medical Countermeasures, Beijing Key Laboratories of Neuropsychopharmacology, Beijing Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Academy of Military Sciences, Beijing, China.,Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaofei Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Toxicology Medical Countermeasures, Beijing Key Laboratories of Neuropsychopharmacology, Beijing Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Academy of Military Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Nan Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Toxicology Medical Countermeasures, Beijing Key Laboratories of Neuropsychopharmacology, Beijing Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Academy of Military Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xinxin Fang
- State Key Laboratory of Toxicology Medical Countermeasures, Beijing Key Laboratories of Neuropsychopharmacology, Beijing Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Academy of Military Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Liming Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Toxicology Medical Countermeasures, Beijing Key Laboratories of Neuropsychopharmacology, Beijing Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Academy of Military Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Youzhi Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Toxicology Medical Countermeasures, Beijing Key Laboratories of Neuropsychopharmacology, Beijing Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Academy of Military Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yunfeng Li
- State Key Laboratory of Toxicology Medical Countermeasures, Beijing Key Laboratories of Neuropsychopharmacology, Beijing Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Academy of Military Sciences, Beijing, China
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Canceri JM, Brown R, Watson SR, Browne CJ. Examination of Current Treatments and Symptom Management Strategies Used by Patients With Mal De Debarquement Syndrome. Front Neurol 2018; 9:943. [PMID: 30483208 PMCID: PMC6240763 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2018.00943] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2018] [Accepted: 10/22/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Mal de Debarquement Syndrome (MdDS) is a neurological disorder which affects the vestibular system pathways, manifesting as a constant sensation of movement in the form of rocking, bobbing, or swaying. The mechanism of MdDS is poorly understood and there is a lack of awareness amongst medical professionals about the condition. This study aimed to examine treatments and symptom management strategies used by MdDS patients and evaluate their self-reported effectiveness. Method: Motion-Triggered and Spontaneous/Other onset MdDS patients responded to a set of comprehensive questions as a retrospective survey regarding epidemiological details, diagnostic procedures, onset, and symptom triggers, hormonal influences as well as treatments and symptom management strategies used to reduce symptoms. The Motion-Triggered questionnaire was made available through Survey Monkey and the Spontaneous/Other Onset questionnaire through Qualtrics. The link for each questionnaire was made available on online MdDS support groups and on various research websites. Descriptive statistics were used for epidemiological data and Pearson's Chi Square tests were used for comparisons between and within both subtype groups. Results: A total of 370 patients participated in the surveys, with 287 valid responses collected for the section regarding treatment and symptom management strategies. The success of the treatments and symptom management strategies did not vary between subtypes Benzodiazepines/Antidepressants were reported as being most beneficial in reducing symptoms in both groups. Conclusion: This was the first attempt to evaluate the reported success of treatments and symptom management strategies in MdDS patients by assessing the patients' perceived helpfulness. The treatments and symptom management strategies reported to be the most helpful in managing and/or reducing symptoms are proposed to be effective due to their stress-reducing capacities. We hope this study will broaden MdDS awareness and that this study will increase patient knowledge regarding treatments and symptom management strategies that other patients found helpful.
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Affiliation(s)
- Josephine M Canceri
- School of Science and Health, Western Sydney University, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Rachael Brown
- School of Medicine, Western Sydney University, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Shaun R Watson
- Prince of Wales Private Hospital, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Cherylea J Browne
- School of Science and Health, Western Sydney University, Sydney, NSW, Australia.,Translational Neuroscience Facility, School of Medical Sciences, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
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Petrović J, Stanić D, Bulat Z, Puškaš N, Labudović-Borović M, Batinić B, Mirković D, Ignjatović S, Pešić V. Acth-induced model of depression resistant to tricyclic antidepressants: Neuroendocrine and behavioral changes and influence of long-term magnesium administration. Horm Behav 2018; 105:1-10. [PMID: 30025718 DOI: 10.1016/j.yhbeh.2018.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2017] [Revised: 07/14/2018] [Accepted: 07/14/2018] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Magnesium (Mg), is not only a modulator of the glutamatergic NMDA receptors' affinity, it also prevents HPA axis hyperactivity, thus possibly being implicated in neurobiological features of mood disorders. Further uncovering of molecular mechanisms underlying magnesium's proposed effects is needed due to the recent shift in research of treatment resistant depression (TRD) towards glutamatergic pathways. Here, we applied Mg via drinking water for 28 days (50 mg/kg/day), in ACTH-treated rats, an established animal model of depression resistant to tricyclic antidepressants. Using this model in male rats we measured (1) changes in hippocampal neurogenesis and behavioral alterations, (2) adrenal hormones response to acute stress challenge and (3) levels of biometals involved in regulation of monoamines turnover in rat prefrontal cortex. Our results support beneficial behavioral impact of Mg in TRD model together with increased hippocampal neurogenesis and BDNF expression. Furthermore, Mg prevented ACTH-induced disruption in HPA axis function, by normalizing the levels of plasma ACTH, corticosterone and interleukin-6, and by increasing the peripheral release of adrenaline, noradrenaline and serotonin after the acute stress challenge. Finally, the influence on copper/zinc ratio suggested probable magnesium's involvement in monoamine turnover in PFC. Our findings provide further insights into the possible pathways implicated in the behavioral modulation effects of Mg, as well as its central and peripheral effects in ACTH-induced TRD model. Thus, further investigation of molecular signaling related to the glutamatergic transmission and role of Mg, could reveal prospects to novel treatment strategies that could be of particular importance for patients suffering from TRD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jelena Petrović
- Department of Physiology, University of Belgrade, Faculty of Pharmacy, Serbia
| | - Dušanka Stanić
- Department of Physiology, University of Belgrade, Faculty of Pharmacy, Serbia
| | - Zorica Bulat
- Department of Toxicology "Akademik Danilo Soldatović", University of Belgrade, Faculty of Pharmacy, Serbia
| | - Nela Puškaš
- Institute of Histology and Embryology "Aleksandar Đ. Kostić", School of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Milica Labudović-Borović
- Institute of Histology and Embryology "Aleksandar Đ. Kostić", School of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Bojan Batinić
- Department of Physiology, University of Belgrade, Faculty of Pharmacy, Serbia
| | - Duško Mirković
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, University of Belgrade, Faculty of Pharmacy, Serbia
| | - Svetlana Ignjatović
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, University of Belgrade, Faculty of Pharmacy, Serbia
| | - Vesna Pešić
- Department of Physiology, University of Belgrade, Faculty of Pharmacy, Serbia.
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Neurobehavioral and biochemical modulation following administration of MgO and ZnO nanoparticles in the presence and absence of acute stress. Life Sci 2018; 203:72-82. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2018.04.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2017] [Revised: 04/12/2018] [Accepted: 04/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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45
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Teo C, Chia AR, Colega MT, Chen LW, Fok D, Pang WW, Godfrey KM, Tan KH, Yap F, Shek LPC, Chong YS, Meaney M, Chen H, Chong MFF. Prospective Associations of Maternal Dietary Patterns and Postpartum Mental Health in a Multi-Ethnic Asian Cohort: The Growing up in Singapore towards Healthy Outcomes (GUSTO) Study. Nutrients 2018; 10:nu10030299. [PMID: 29498695 PMCID: PMC5872717 DOI: 10.3390/nu10030299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2017] [Revised: 02/09/2018] [Accepted: 02/28/2018] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Diet in the first month postpartum, otherwise known as “the confinement diet” in Asia, has unique characteristics that are influenced by traditions, cultures, and beliefs. We aimed to characterize dietary patterns during confinement period in a multi-ethnic Asian cohort and examined their associations with postpartum depression (PPD) and anxiety (PPA). Dietary intakes of 490 women were ascertained in the first month postpartum using 3-day food diaries and dietary patterns were derived by factor analysis. Participants completed the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS) and State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI) at three months’ postpartum; higher scores are indicative of more depressive and anxiety symptoms, respectively. Four dietary patterns were identified: Traditional-Chinese-Confinement diet, Traditional-Indian-Confinement diet, Eat-Out diet and Soup-Vegetables-Fruits diet. The Traditional-Indian-Confinement diet was associated with less PPD symptoms [β (95% CI) −0.62 (−1.16, −0.09) EPDS score per SD increase in diet score] and a non-significant trend with reduced probable PPD (EPDS scores ≥ 13) [OR (95% CI) 0.56 (0.31, 1.01)]. The Soup-Vegetables-Fruits diet was associated with less PPA symptoms [β (95% CI) −1.49 (−2.56, −0.42) STAI-state score]. No associations were observed for other dietary patterns. Independent of ethnicity, adherence to the Traditional-Indian-Confinement diet that is characterized by intake of herbs and legumes, and Soup-Vegetables-Fruits diet high in fruits, vegetables and fish during the postpartum period were associated with less PPD and PPA symptoms, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cherlyen Teo
- Singapore Institute for Clinical Sciences, Agency for Science, Technology and Research, Singapore 117609, Singapore.
| | - Ai-Ru Chia
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynaecology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore and National University Health System, Singapore 119228, Singapore.
| | - Marjorelee T Colega
- Singapore Institute for Clinical Sciences, Agency for Science, Technology and Research, Singapore 117609, Singapore.
| | - Ling-Wei Chen
- Department of Paediatrics, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 119228, Singapore.
- School of Public Health, Physiotherapy and Sports Science, University College Dublin, Dublin 4, Ireland.
| | - Doris Fok
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynaecology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore and National University Health System, Singapore 119228, Singapore.
| | - Wei Wei Pang
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynaecology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore and National University Health System, Singapore 119228, Singapore.
| | - Keith M Godfrey
- Medical Research Council Lifecourse Epidemiology Unit and National Institute for Health Research Southampton Biomedical Research Centre, University of Southampton and University Hospital Southampton National Health Service Foundation Trust, Southampton SO16 6YD, UK.
| | - Kok Hian Tan
- Duke-National University of Singapore Graduate Medical School, Singapore 169857, Singapore.
- Department of Maternal Fetal Medicine, KK Women's and Children's Hospital, Singapore 229899, Singapore.
| | - Fabian Yap
- Duke-National University of Singapore Graduate Medical School, Singapore 169857, Singapore.
- Department of Paediatric Endocrinology, KK Women's and Children's Hospital, Singapore 229899, Singapore.
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 308232, Singapore.
| | - Lynette Pei-Chi Shek
- Singapore Institute for Clinical Sciences, Agency for Science, Technology and Research, Singapore 117609, Singapore.
- Department of Paediatrics, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 119228, Singapore.
| | - Yap-Seng Chong
- Singapore Institute for Clinical Sciences, Agency for Science, Technology and Research, Singapore 117609, Singapore.
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynaecology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore and National University Health System, Singapore 119228, Singapore.
| | - Michael Meaney
- Singapore Institute for Clinical Sciences, Agency for Science, Technology and Research, Singapore 117609, Singapore.
- Douglas Mental Health University Institute, McGill University, Montreal, QC H4H 1R3, Canada.
| | - Helen Chen
- Duke-National University of Singapore Graduate Medical School, Singapore 169857, Singapore.
- Department of Psychological Medicine, KK Women's & Children's Hospital, Singapore 229899, Singapore.
| | - Mary Foong-Fong Chong
- Singapore Institute for Clinical Sciences, Agency for Science, Technology and Research, Singapore 117609, Singapore.
- Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, National University of Singapore and National University Health System, Singapore 117549, Singapore.
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46
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Bonaterra GA, Schwendler A, Hüther J, Schwarzbach H, Schwarz A, Kolb C, Abdel-Aziz H, Kinscherf R. Neurotrophic, Cytoprotective, and Anti-inflammatory Effects of St. John's Wort Extract on Differentiated Mouse Hippocampal HT-22 Neurons. Front Pharmacol 2018; 8:955. [PMID: 29403374 PMCID: PMC5778116 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2017.00955] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2017] [Accepted: 12/15/2017] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Since ancient times Hypericum perforatum L. named St. John's wort (SJW), has been used in the management of a wide range of applications, including nervous disorders. Development of mood disorders are due to alterations in glutamate metabolism, initiation of inflammatory pathways, and changes of the neuronal plasticity. Previous studies suggest that the glutamatergic system contributes to the pathophysiology of depression. Extracts of SJW have been recommended for the treatment of depression. The aim of the present in vitro study was to evaluate the action of STW3-VI, a special SJW extract in differentiated mouse hippocampal HT-22 neurons. We evaluated the stimulation of neurogenesis, the protective effect against glutamate or N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor induced-excitotoxicity and its anti-inflammatory properties in LPS-activated human macrophages. Results: After 48 h treatment, STW3-VI stimulated the neurite formation by 25% in comparison with the control and showed protective effects against glutamate- or NMDA-induced cytotoxicity by significantly increasing the viability about +25 or +50%. In conjunction with these effects, after pretreatment with STW3-VI, the intracellular reduced glutathione content was significantly 2.3-fold increased compared with the neurons incubated with glutamate alone. Additionally, pre-treatment of human macrophages with STW3-VI showed anti-inflammatory effects after 24 or 48 h concerning inhibition of LPS-induced TNF release by -47.3 and -53.8% (24 h) or -25.0 to -64.8% (48 h). Conclusions: Our data provide new evidence that STW3-VI protects hippocampal cells from NMDA- or glutamate-induced cytotoxicity. Moreover, our results indicate a morphological remodeling by increasing neurite outgrowth and activation of the anti-inflammatory defense by inhibition of the cytokine production in human macrophages after STW3-VI treatment. These protective, neurotrophic and anti-inflammatory properties may be beneficial in the treatment of depressive disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriel A Bonaterra
- Department of Medical Cell Biology, Institute for Anatomy and Cell Biology, Philipps-University of Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | - Anna Schwendler
- Department of Medical Cell Biology, Institute for Anatomy and Cell Biology, Philipps-University of Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | - Julian Hüther
- Department of Medical Cell Biology, Institute for Anatomy and Cell Biology, Philipps-University of Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | - Hans Schwarzbach
- Department of Medical Cell Biology, Institute for Anatomy and Cell Biology, Philipps-University of Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | - Anja Schwarz
- Department of Medical Cell Biology, Institute for Anatomy and Cell Biology, Philipps-University of Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | - Christiane Kolb
- Steigerwald Arzneimittelwerk GmbH, Scientific Department, Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Heba Abdel-Aziz
- Steigerwald Arzneimittelwerk GmbH, Scientific Department, Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Ralf Kinscherf
- Department of Medical Cell Biology, Institute for Anatomy and Cell Biology, Philipps-University of Marburg, Marburg, Germany
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47
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Abstract
The microbial ecosystem that inhabits the gastrointestinal tract of all mammals-the gut microbiota-has been in a symbiotic relationship with its hosts over many millennia. Thanks to modern technology, the myriad of functions that are controlled or modulated by the gut microbiota are beginning to unfold. One of the systems that is emerging to closely interact with the gut microbiota is the body's major neuroendocrine system that controls various body processes in response to stress, the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis. This interaction is of pivotal importance; as various disorders of the microbiota-gut-brain axis are associated with dysregulation of the HPA axis. The present contribution describes the bidirectional communication between the gut microbiota and the HPA axis and delineates the potential underlying mechanisms. In this regard, it is important to note that the communication between the gut microbiota and the HPA axis is closely interrelated with other systems, such as the immune system, the intestinal barrier and blood-brain barrier, microbial metabolites, and gut hormones, as well as the sensory and autonomic nervous systems. These communication pathways will be exemplified through preclinical models of early life stress, beneficial roles of probiotics and prebiotics, evidence from germ-free mice, and antibiotic-induced modulation of the gut microbiota.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aitak Farzi
- Otto Loewi Research Center, Pharmacology Section, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria.
| | - Esther E Fröhlich
- Otto Loewi Research Center, Pharmacology Section, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Peter Holzer
- Otto Loewi Research Center, Pharmacology Section, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
- BioTechMed-Graz, Graz, Austria
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48
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Singh A, Trumpff C, Genkinger J, Davis A, Spann M, Werner E, Monk C. Micronutrient Dietary Intake in Latina Pregnant Adolescents and Its Association with Level of Depression, Stress, and Social Support. Nutrients 2017; 9:E1212. [PMID: 29113038 PMCID: PMC5707684 DOI: 10.3390/nu9111212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2017] [Revised: 10/26/2017] [Accepted: 11/01/2017] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Adolescent pregnant women are at greater risk for nutritional deficits, stress, and depression than their adult counterparts, and these risk factors for adverse pregnancy outcomes are likely interrelated. This study evaluated the prevalence of nutritional deficits in pregnant teenagers and assessed the associations among micronutrient dietary intake, stress, and depression. One hundred and eight pregnant Latina adolescents completed an Automated Self-Administered 24-hour dietary recall (ASA24) in the 2nd trimester. Stress was measured using the Perceived Stress Scale and the Prenatal Distress Questionnaire. Depressive symptoms were evaluated with the Reynolds Adolescent Depression Scale. Social support satisfaction was measured using the Social Support Questionnaire. More than 50% of pregnant teenagers had an inadequate intake (excluding dietary supplement) of folate, vitamin A, vitamin E, iron, zinc, calcium, magnesium, and phosphorous. Additionally, >20% of participants had an inadequate intake of thiamin, riboflavin, niacin, vitamin B6, vitamin B12, vitamin C, copper, and selenium. Prenatal supplement inclusion improved dietary intake for most micronutrients except for calcium, magnesium, and phosphorous, (>50% below the Estimated Average Requirement (EAR)) and for copper and selenium (>20% below the EAR). Higher depressive symptoms were associated with higher energy, carbohydrates, and fats, and lower magnesium intake. Higher social support satisfaction was positively associated with dietary intake of thiamin, riboflavin, niacin, vitamin B6, folate, vitamin B12, vitamin C, vitamin E, iron, and zinc. The findings suggest that mood and dietary factors are associated and should be considered together for health interventions during adolescent pregnancy for the young woman and her future child.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angelie Singh
- Division of Behavioral Medicine, Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA.
- Medical School for International Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben Gurion University of the Negev, Be'er Sheva 84105, Israel.
- Department of Epidemiology, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA.
| | - Caroline Trumpff
- Division of Behavioral Medicine, Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA.
| | - Jeanine Genkinger
- Department of Epidemiology, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA.
- Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA.
| | - Alida Davis
- Division of Behavioral Medicine, Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA.
| | - Marisa Spann
- Division of Behavioral Medicine, Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA.
- New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, NY 10032, USA.
| | - Elizabeth Werner
- Division of Behavioral Medicine, Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA.
- New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, NY 10032, USA.
| | - Catherine Monk
- Division of Behavioral Medicine, Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA.
- New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, NY 10032, USA.
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA.
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49
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Saghazadeh A, Ahangari N, Hendi K, Saleh F, Rezaei N. Status of essential elements in autism spectrum disorder: systematic review and meta-analysis. Rev Neurosci 2017; 28:783-809. [DOI: 10.1515/revneuro-2017-0015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2017] [Accepted: 04/16/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
AbstractAutism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a lifelong neurodevelopmental disorder that imposes heavy financial burden on governments and families of affected children. It is considered a multifactorial condition, where trace elements are among environmental factors that may contribute to ASD. Meanwhile, the between-study variance is high. The present systematic review was designed to investigate the difference in trace element measures between patients with ASD and control subjects. Meta-analyses showed that the hair concentrations of chromium (p=0.024), cobalt (p=0.012), iodine (p=0.000), iron (p=0.017), and magnesium (p=0.007) in ASD patients were significantly lower than those of control subjects, while there were higher magnesium levels in the hair of ASD patients compared to that of controls (p=0.010). Patients with ASD had higher blood levels of copper (p=0.000) and lower levels of zinc compared to controls (p=0.021). Further urinary iodine levels in patients with ASD were decreased in comparison with controls (p=0.026). Sensitivity analyses showed that ASD patients in non-Asian but not in Asian countries had lower hair concentrations of chromium compared to controls. Also, such analyses indicated that ASD patients in Asian countries had lower hair zinc concentrations, whereas ASD patients in non-Asian countries had higher hair zinc concentrations in comparison with control subjects. This study found significant differences in the content of trace elements between patients with ASD compared to controls. The findings help highlighting the role of trace elements as environmental factors in the etiology of ASD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amene Saghazadeh
- Research Center for Immunodeficiencies, Children’s Medical Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Dr. Qarib St, Keshavarz Blvd., Tehran 14194, Iran
- MetaCognition Interest Group (MCIG), Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), Tehran 14194, Iran
| | - Narges Ahangari
- NeuroImmunology Research Association (NIRA), Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), Tehran 14194, Iran
| | - Kasra Hendi
- NeuroImmunology Research Association (NIRA), Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), Tehran 14194, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Saleh
- NeuroImmunology Research Association (NIRA), Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), Tehran 14194, Iran
| | - Nima Rezaei
- Research Center for Immunodeficiencies, Children’s Medical Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Dr. Qarib St, Keshavarz Blvd., Tehran 14194, Iran
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 14194, Iran
- Systematic Review and Meta-analysis Expert Group (SRMEG), Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), Boston, MA, USA
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50
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Elucidation of the neural circuits activated by a GABA B receptor positive modulator: Relevance to anxiety. Neuropharmacology 2017; 136:129-145. [PMID: 28734870 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2017.07.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2017] [Revised: 07/17/2017] [Accepted: 07/18/2017] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Although there is much evidence for a role of GABAB receptors in the pathophysiology of anxiety, the underlying neuronal mechanisms are largely unclear. The GABAB receptor allosteric positive modulator, GS39783, exerts anxiolytic effects without interfering with GABAB-mediated modulation of body temperature, cognitive performance and locomotor activity thus offering advantages over GABAB receptor agonists. However, the precise neural circuits underlying the anxiolytic effects of GS39783 are unknown. The aim of the present study was to identify brain structures and associated neuronal circuits that are modulated by GS39783 under either basal or mild stress conditions. To this end, the expression pattern of c-Fos, a marker of neuronal activation, was examined in mice acutely treated with GS39783 under basal conditions or following a mild anxiogenic challenge induced by exposure to the Open Arm (OA) of an Elevated Plus Maze. OA exposure enhanced c-Fos expression in vehicle-treated animals in several brain regions, including the medial prefrontal cortex, lateral septum, amygdala, hippocampus, paraventricular nucleus of the hypothalamus and the periaqueductal gray (PAG). Under basal conditions, GS39783 increased c-Fos in a restricted panel of areas notably amygdala nuclei, cortical areas and PAG subregions, while it inhibited c-Fos expression in the dorsal raphe nucleus (DRN). Under stress conditions, GS39783 reversed OA-induced c-Fos expression in the granular cell layer of the dentate gyrus, no longer increased c-Fos expression in the amygdala nor reduced c-Fos expression in the DRN. These specific patterns of neural activation by GS39783 might explain the neurobiological correlates implicated in GABAB-mediated anti-anxiety effects. This article is part of the "Special Issue Dedicated to Norman G. Bowery".
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