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Orihuel J, Capellán R, Casquero-Veiga M, Soto-Montenegro ML, Desco M, Oteo-Vives M, Ibáñez-Moragues M, Magro-Calvo N, Luján VM, Morcillo MÁ, Ambrosio E, Higuera-Matas A. The long-term effects of adolescent Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol on brain structure and function assessed through neuroimaging techniques in male and female rats. Eur Neuropsychopharmacol 2023; 74:47-63. [PMID: 37276836 DOI: 10.1016/j.euroneuro.2023.05.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2022] [Revised: 03/24/2023] [Accepted: 05/22/2023] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Several studies performed on human subjects have examined the effects of adolescent cannabis consumption on brain structure or function using brain imaging techniques. However, the evidence from these studies is usually heterogenous and affected by several confounding variables. Animal models of adolescent cannabinoid exposure may help to overcome these difficulties. In this exploratory study, we aim to increase our understanding of the protracted effects of adolescent Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) in rats of both sexes using magnetic resonance (MR) to obtain volumetric data, assess grey and white matter microstructure with diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) and measure brain metabolites with 1H-MR spectroscopy (MRS); in addition, we studied brain function using positron emission tomography (PET) with 2-deoxy-2-[18F]fluoro-d-glucose as the tracer. THC-exposed rats exhibited volumetric and microstructural alterations in the striatum, globus pallidus, lateral ventricles, thalamus, and septal nuclei in a sex-specific manner. THC administration also reduced fractional anisotropy in several white matter tracts, prominently in rostral sections, while in vivo MRS identified lower levels of cortical choline compounds. THC-treated males had increased metabolism in the cerebellum and olfactory bulb and decreased metabolism in the cingulate cortex. By contrast, THC-treated females showed hypermetabolism in a cluster of voxels comprising the entorhinal piriform cortices and in the cingulate cortex. These results indicate that mild THC exposure during adolescence leaves a lingering mark on brain structure and function in a sex-dependant manner. Some of the changes found here resemble those observed in human studies and highlight the importance of studying sex-specific effects in cannabinoid research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Javier Orihuel
- Department of Psychobiology, School of Psychology, National University for Distance Learning (UNED), C/Juan del Rosal 10, Madrid, Spain
| | - Roberto Capellán
- Department of Psychobiology, School of Psychology, National University for Distance Learning (UNED), C/Juan del Rosal 10, Madrid, Spain
| | - Marta Casquero-Veiga
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón, Madrid, Spain; CIBER de Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), Madrid, Spain; Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares, Madrid, Spain
| | - María Luisa Soto-Montenegro
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón, Madrid, Spain; CIBER de Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), Madrid, Spain; Grupo de Fisiopatología y Farmacología del Sistema Digestivo de la Universidad Rey Juan Carlos (NEUGUT), Madrid, Spain
| | - Manuel Desco
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón, Madrid, Spain; CIBER de Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), Madrid, Spain; Departamento de Bioingeniería e Ingeniería Aeroespacial, Universidad Carlos III de Madrid, Spain; Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares, Madrid, Spain
| | - Marta Oteo-Vives
- CIEMAT - Research Centre for Energy, Environment and Technology, Medical Applications of Ionizing Radiations Unit, Madrid, Spain
| | - Marta Ibáñez-Moragues
- CIEMAT - Research Centre for Energy, Environment and Technology, Medical Applications of Ionizing Radiations Unit, Madrid, Spain
| | - Natalia Magro-Calvo
- CIEMAT - Research Centre for Energy, Environment and Technology, Medical Applications of Ionizing Radiations Unit, Madrid, Spain
| | - Víctor M Luján
- CIEMAT - Research Centre for Energy, Environment and Technology, Medical Applications of Ionizing Radiations Unit, Madrid, Spain
| | - Miguel Ángel Morcillo
- CIEMAT - Research Centre for Energy, Environment and Technology, Medical Applications of Ionizing Radiations Unit, Madrid, Spain
| | - Emilio Ambrosio
- Department of Psychobiology, School of Psychology, National University for Distance Learning (UNED), C/Juan del Rosal 10, Madrid, Spain
| | - Alejandro Higuera-Matas
- Department of Psychobiology, School of Psychology, National University for Distance Learning (UNED), C/Juan del Rosal 10, Madrid, Spain.
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Urueña-Méndez G, Dimiziani A, Bellés L, Goutaudier R, Ginovart N. Repeated Cocaine Intake Differentially Impacts Striatal D 2/3 Receptor Availability, Psychostimulant-Induced Dopamine Release, and Trait Behavioral Markers of Drug Abuse. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:13238. [PMID: 37686044 PMCID: PMC10487888 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241713238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2023] [Revised: 08/17/2023] [Accepted: 08/23/2023] [Indexed: 09/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Current research indicates that altered dopamine (DA) transmission in the striatum contributes to impulsivity and novelty-seeking, and it may mediate a link concerning a higher susceptibility to drug abuse. Whether increased susceptibility to drug abuse results from a hyperdopaminergic or hypodopaminergic state is still debated. Here, we simultaneously tracked changes in DA D2/3 receptor (D2/3R) availability and amphetamine-(AMPH)-induced DA release in relation to impulsivity and novelty-seeking prior to, and following, cocaine self-administration (SA) in Roman high- (RHA) and low- (RLA) avoidance rats. We found that high-impulsive/high novelty-seeking RHA rats exhibited lower D2/3R availabilities and higher AMPH-induced DA release in the striatum that predicted higher levels of cocaine intake compared with RLAs. Cocaine SA did not alter striatal D2/3R availability or impulsivity in RHA or RLA rats. Critically, cocaine exposure led to a baseline-dependent blunting of stimulated DA release in high-impulsive/high novelty-seeking RHA rats only, and to a baseline-dependent increase in novelty-seeking in low-impulsive/low novelty-seeking RLA rats only. Altogether, we propose that susceptibility to drug abuse results from an innate hyper-responsive DA system, promoting impulsive action and novelty-seeking, and producing stronger initial drug-reinforcing effects that contribute to the initiation and perpetuation of drug use. However, with repeated cocaine use, a tolerance to drug-induced striatal DA elevations develops, leading to a compensatory increase in drug consumption to overcome the reduced reward effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ginna Urueña-Méndez
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland; (G.U.-M.); (L.B.); (R.G.)
- Department of Basic Neurosciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Andrea Dimiziani
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland; (G.U.-M.); (L.B.); (R.G.)
| | - Lidia Bellés
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland; (G.U.-M.); (L.B.); (R.G.)
- Department of Basic Neurosciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Raphaël Goutaudier
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland; (G.U.-M.); (L.B.); (R.G.)
- Department of Basic Neurosciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Nathalie Ginovart
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland; (G.U.-M.); (L.B.); (R.G.)
- Department of Basic Neurosciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland
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Sex differences in addiction-relevant behavioral outcomes in rodents following early life stress. ADDICTION NEUROSCIENCE 2023; 6. [PMID: 37101684 PMCID: PMC10124992 DOI: 10.1016/j.addicn.2023.100067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
In humans, exposure to early life stress (ELS) is an established risk factor for the development of substance use disorders (SUDs) during later life. Similarly, rodents exposed to ELS involving disrupted mother-infant interactions, such as maternal separation (MS) or adverse caregiving due to scarcity-adversity induced by limited bedding and nesting (LBN) conditions, also exhibit long-term alterations in alcohol and drug consumption. In both humans and rodents, there is a range of addiction-related behaviors that are associated with drug use and even predictive of subsequent SUDs. In rodents, these include increased anxiety-like behavior, impulsivity, and novelty-seeking, altered alcohol and drug intake patterns, as well as disrupted reward-related processes involving consummatory and social behaviors. Importantly, the expression of these behaviors often varies throughout the lifespan. Moreover, preclinical studies suggest that sex differences play a role in how exposure to ELS impacts reward and addiction-related phenotypes as well as underlying brain reward circuitry. Here, addiction-relevant behavioral outcomes and mesolimbic dopamine (DA) dysfunction resulting from ELS in the form of MS and LBN are discussed with a focus on age- and sex-dependent effects. Overall, these findings suggest that ELS may increase susceptibility for later life drug use and SUDs by interfering with the normal maturation of reward-related brain and behavioral function.
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Antón-Toro LF, Bruña R, Del Cerro-León A, Shpakivska D, Mateos-Gordo P, Porras-Truque C, García-Gómez R, Maestú F, García-Moreno LM. Electrophysiological resting-state hyperconnectivity and poorer behavioural regulation as predisposing profiles of adolescent binge drinking. Addict Biol 2022; 27:e13199. [PMID: 35754100 PMCID: PMC9286401 DOI: 10.1111/adb.13199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2022] [Revised: 04/29/2022] [Accepted: 06/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Adolescent Binge Drinking (BD) has become an increasing health and social concern, with detrimental consequences for brain development and functional integrity. However, research on neurophysiological and neuropsychological traits predisposing to BD are limited at this time. In this work, we conducted a 2‐year longitudinal magnetoencephalography (MEG) study over a cohort of initially alcohol‐naïve adolescents with the purpose of exploring anomalies in resting‐state electrophysiological networks, impulsivity, sensation‐seeking, and dysexecutive behaviour able to predict future BD patterns. In a sample of 67 alcohol‐naïve adolescents (age = 14.5 ± 0.9), we measured resting‐state activity using MEG. Additionally, we evaluated their neuropsychological traits using self‐report ecological scales (BIS‐11, SSS‐V, BDEFS, BRIEF‐SR and DEX). In a second evaluation, 2 years later, we measured participant's alcohol consumption, sub‐dividing the original sample in two groups: future binge drinkers (22 individuals, age 14.6 ± 0.8; eight females) and future light/no drinkers (17 individuals, age 14.5 ± 0.8; eight females). Then, we searched for differences predating alcohol BD intake. We found abnormalities in MEG resting state, in a form of gamma band hyperconnectivity, in those adolescents who transitioned into BD years later. Furthermore, they showed higher impulsivity, dysexecutive behaviours and sensation seeking, positively correlated with functional connectivity (FC). Sensation seeking and impulsivity mainly predicted BD severity in the future, while the relationship between dysexecutive trait and FC with future BD was mediated by sensation seeking. These findings shed light to electrophysiological and neuropsychological traits of vulnerability towards alcohol consumption. We hypothesise that these differences may rely on divergent neurobiological development of inhibitory neurotransmission pathways and executive prefrontal circuits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luis F Antón-Toro
- Department of Experimental Psychology, Complutense University of Madrid (UCM), Madrid, Spain
| | - Ricardo Bruña
- Department of Radiology, Complutense University of Madrid (UCM), Madrid, Spain
| | - Alberto Del Cerro-León
- Department of Experimental Psychology, Complutense University of Madrid (UCM), Madrid, Spain
| | - Danylyna Shpakivska
- Department of Experimental Psychology, Complutense University of Madrid (UCM), Madrid, Spain
| | - Patricia Mateos-Gordo
- Department of Psychobiology and Methodology in Behavioral Sciences, Complutense University of Madrid (UCM), Madrid, Spain
| | - Claudia Porras-Truque
- Department of Psychobiology and Methodology in Behavioral Sciences, Complutense University of Madrid (UCM), Madrid, Spain
| | - Raquel García-Gómez
- Department of Psychobiology and Methodology in Behavioral Sciences, Complutense University of Madrid (UCM), Madrid, Spain
| | - Fernando Maestú
- Department of Experimental Psychology, Complutense University of Madrid (UCM), Madrid, Spain
| | - Luis Miguel García-Moreno
- Department of Psychobiology and Methodology in Behavioral Sciences, Complutense University of Madrid (UCM), Madrid, Spain
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Orihuel J, Capellán R, Roura-Martínez D, Ucha M, Ambrosio E, Higuera-Matas A. Δ 9-Tetrahydrocannabinol During Adolescence Reprograms the Nucleus Accumbens Transcriptome, Affecting Reward Processing, Impulsivity, and Specific Aspects of Cocaine Addiction-Like Behavior in a Sex-Dependent Manner. Int J Neuropsychopharmacol 2021; 24:920-933. [PMID: 34436576 PMCID: PMC8598305 DOI: 10.1093/ijnp/pyab058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2021] [Revised: 08/13/2021] [Accepted: 08/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cannabis exposure during adolescence is associated with emotional and motivational alterations that may entail an enhanced risk of developing psychiatric disorders. In rodent models, exposure to cannabinoids during adolescence leads to increased self-administration of opiates and cocaine, however, the psychological and neural mechanisms and the sex-specificity of this phenomenon are largely unknown. METHODS We exposed male and female adolescent rats to Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) and studied at adulthood the effects of such treatment on psychological processes related to reward, such as Pavlovian conditioned approach, Pavlovian to instrumental transfer, habit formation and waiting impulsivity. In the light of these data and given the involvement of the nucleus accumbens in the processes examined, we performed an RNASeq transcriptomic study and assessed cocaine addiction-like behavior. RESULTS THC exposure increased goal-tracking (in males and females) and enhanced Pavlovian to instrumental transfer (especially in males) but did not affect habit formation. THC-exposed rats exhibited subtle, state-dependent changes in premature responding in the 2-CSRTT task. RNASeq data showed gene expression alterations in a marked sex-specific manner. While no effects were found on the acquisition of cocaine self-administration or punished drug-seeking, rats exposed to THC self-administered more cocaine under a progressive ratio schedule (males), had a higher rebound upon returning to continuous access to the drug (females) and showed reduced drug-seeking after 30 days of withdrawal (females). CONCLUSIONS Adolescent THC affects specific aspects of reward- (and cocaine-) guided behavior and the function of a key brain region mediating these effects, in a remarkable sex-specific manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Javier Orihuel
- Department of Psychobiology, School of Psychology, National University for Distance Learning (UNED), Madrid, Spain
| | - Roberto Capellán
- Department of Psychobiology, School of Psychology, National University for Distance Learning (UNED), Madrid, Spain
| | - David Roura-Martínez
- Department of Psychobiology, School of Psychology, National University for Distance Learning (UNED), Madrid, Spain
- Institut de Neurosciences de la Timone, Marseille, France
| | - Marcos Ucha
- Department of Psychobiology, School of Psychology, National University for Distance Learning (UNED), Madrid, Spain
| | - Emilio Ambrosio
- Department of Psychobiology, School of Psychology, National University for Distance Learning (UNED), Madrid, Spain
| | - Alejandro Higuera-Matas
- Department of Psychobiology, School of Psychology, National University for Distance Learning (UNED), Madrid, Spain
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Poulton A, Hester R. Transition to substance use disorders: impulsivity for reward and learning from reward. Soc Cogn Affect Neurosci 2021; 15:1182-1191. [PMID: 31848627 PMCID: PMC7657456 DOI: 10.1093/scan/nsz077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2019] [Revised: 09/06/2019] [Accepted: 09/16/2019] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Substance dependence constitutes a profound societal burden. Although large numbers of individuals use licit or illicit substances, few transition to dependence. The specific factors influencing this transition are not well understood. Substance-dependent individuals tend to be swayed by the immediate rewards of drug taking, but are often insensitive to delayed negative consequences of their behavior. Dependence is consequently associated with impulsivity for reward and atypical learning from feedback. Behavioral impulsivity is indexed using tasks measuring spontaneous decision-making and capacity to control impulses. While evidence indicates drug taking exacerbates behavioral impulsivity for reward, animal and human studies of drug naïve populations demonstrate it might precede any drug-related problems. Research suggests dependent individuals are also more likely to learn from rewarding (relative to punishing) feedback. This may partly explain why substance-dependent individuals fail to modify their behavior in response to negative outcomes. This enhanced learning from reward may constitute a further pre-existing risk factor for substance dependence. Although impulsivity for reward and preferential learning from rewarding feedback are both underpinned by a compromised dopaminergic system, few studies have examined the relationship between these two mechanisms. The interplay of these processes may help enrich understanding of why some individuals transition to substance dependence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antoinette Poulton
- Melbourne School of Psychological Sciences, University of Melbourne, Parkville 3010, VIC, Australia
| | - Robert Hester
- Melbourne School of Psychological Sciences, University of Melbourne, Parkville 3010, VIC, Australia
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Egal A, Donon C, Jakubiec L, Lambert L, Fatseas M, Auriacombe M. [Ordalie, sensation-seeking and impulsivity. Critical analysis of definitions]. Encephale 2021; 48:163-170. [PMID: 34099245 DOI: 10.1016/j.encep.2021.02.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2020] [Revised: 02/03/2021] [Accepted: 02/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In the fields of psychology and psychiatry, the use of the terms impulsivity, sensation-seeking and ordalie to refer to risk-taking behaviors can sometimes be confusing. OBJECTIVE The objective of this study was to establish a clinical definition of the concepts of ordalie, sensation-seeking and impulsivity, in order to analyze the similarities and differences between these concepts. METHODS We prioritized literature review articles with or without meta-analysis from the Medline database and supplemented with the Google-Scholar database. The articles were included in this review if their objectives were in line with ours. The research was conducted in November 2018. RESULTS Twenty-seven articles were selected. There are similarities in the clinical definitions of these concepts with measurable heterogeneous constructions, and an exacerbation in adolescence for engagement in harmful behaviors, but there are also nuances that highlight their differences. CONCLUSION We were able to describe areas of divergence and convergence between these three concepts but not to establish a quantitative diagram of the areas of divergence and convergence. It would seem that the coexistence of sensation-seeking and impulsivity in the same individual could explain that individual's involvement in ordalique behaviors. Further studies approaching this hypothesis would seem useful in terms of preventing risk-taking behaviors such as addictive behaviors.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Egal
- Université de Bordeaux, 121, rue de la Béchade 33076 Bordeaux cedex, France; Equipe phénoménologie et déterminants des comportements appétitifs, Sanpsy CNRS USR 3413, 121, rue de la Béchade 33076 Bordeaux Cedex, France; Filière Addictologie, CH Cadillac, 89, rue Cazeaux-Cazalet, 33410 Cadillac, France; Pôle interétablissement d'addictologie et filière régionale hospitalo-universitaire, CH Charles-Perrens et CHU de Bordeaux, 121, rue de la Béchade 33076 Bordeaux Cedex, France
| | - C Donon
- Université de Bordeaux, 121, rue de la Béchade 33076 Bordeaux cedex, France; Equipe phénoménologie et déterminants des comportements appétitifs, Sanpsy CNRS USR 3413, 121, rue de la Béchade 33076 Bordeaux Cedex, France; Filière Addictologie, CH Cadillac, 89, rue Cazeaux-Cazalet, 33410 Cadillac, France; Pôle interétablissement d'addictologie et filière régionale hospitalo-universitaire, CH Charles-Perrens et CHU de Bordeaux, 121, rue de la Béchade 33076 Bordeaux Cedex, France
| | - L Jakubiec
- Université de Bordeaux, 121, rue de la Béchade 33076 Bordeaux cedex, France; Equipe phénoménologie et déterminants des comportements appétitifs, Sanpsy CNRS USR 3413, 121, rue de la Béchade 33076 Bordeaux Cedex, France; Pôle interétablissement d'addictologie et filière régionale hospitalo-universitaire, CH Charles-Perrens et CHU de Bordeaux, 121, rue de la Béchade 33076 Bordeaux Cedex, France
| | - L Lambert
- Université de Bordeaux, 121, rue de la Béchade 33076 Bordeaux cedex, France; Equipe phénoménologie et déterminants des comportements appétitifs, Sanpsy CNRS USR 3413, 121, rue de la Béchade 33076 Bordeaux Cedex, France; Pôle interétablissement d'addictologie et filière régionale hospitalo-universitaire, CH Charles-Perrens et CHU de Bordeaux, 121, rue de la Béchade 33076 Bordeaux Cedex, France
| | - M Fatseas
- Université de Bordeaux, 121, rue de la Béchade 33076 Bordeaux cedex, France; Pôle interétablissement d'addictologie et filière régionale hospitalo-universitaire, CH Charles-Perrens et CHU de Bordeaux, 121, rue de la Béchade 33076 Bordeaux Cedex, France
| | - M Auriacombe
- Université de Bordeaux, 121, rue de la Béchade 33076 Bordeaux cedex, France; Equipe phénoménologie et déterminants des comportements appétitifs, Sanpsy CNRS USR 3413, 121, rue de la Béchade 33076 Bordeaux Cedex, France; Pôle interétablissement d'addictologie et filière régionale hospitalo-universitaire, CH Charles-Perrens et CHU de Bordeaux, 121, rue de la Béchade 33076 Bordeaux Cedex, France; Center for studies of addiction, department of psychiatry, Perelman school of medicine, university of Pennsylvania, Phildelphia, PA, États-Unis.
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Chen H, Mojtahedzadeh N, Belanger MJ, Nebe S, Kuitunen-Paul S, Sebold M, Garbusow M, Huys QJM, Heinz A, Rapp MA, Smolka MN. Model-Based and Model-Free Control Predicts Alcohol Consumption Developmental Trajectory in Young Adults: A 3-Year Prospective Study. Biol Psychiatry 2021; 89:980-989. [PMID: 33771349 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopsych.2021.01.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2020] [Revised: 12/21/2020] [Accepted: 01/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND A shift from goal-directed toward habitual control has been associated with alcohol dependence. Whether such a shift predisposes to risky drinking is not yet clear. We investigated how goal-directed and habitual control at age 18 predict alcohol use trajectories over the course of 3 years. METHODS Goal-directed and habitual control, as informed by model-based (MB) and model-free (MF) learning, were assessed with a two-step sequential decision-making task during functional magnetic resonance imaging in 146 healthy 18-year-old men. Three-year alcohol use developmental trajectories were based on either a consumption score from the self-reported Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test (assessed every 6 months) or an interview-based binge drinking score (grams of alcohol/occasion; assessed every year). We applied a latent growth curve model to examine how MB and MF control predicted the drinking trajectory. RESULTS Drinking behavior was best characterized by a linear trajectory. MB behavioral control was negatively associated with the development of the binge drinking score; MF reward prediction error blood oxygen level-dependent signals in the ventromedial prefrontal cortex and the ventral striatum predicted a higher starting point and steeper increase of the Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test consumption score over time, respectively. CONCLUSIONS We found that MB behavioral control was associated with the binge drinking trajectory, while the MF reward prediction error signal was closely linked to the consumption score development. These findings support the idea that unbalanced MB and MF control might be an important individual vulnerability in predisposing to risky drinking behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Chen
- Department of Psychiatry, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany; Neuroimaging Center, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Negin Mojtahedzadeh
- Department of Psychiatry, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany; Neuroimaging Center, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Matthew J Belanger
- Department of Psychiatry, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany; Neuroimaging Center, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Stephan Nebe
- Department of Psychiatry, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany; Neuroimaging Center, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany; Zurich Center for Neuroeconomics, Department of Economics, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Sören Kuitunen-Paul
- Institute of Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany; Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Miriam Sebold
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Campus Charité Mitte, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Maria Garbusow
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Campus Charité Mitte, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Quentin J M Huys
- Division of Psychiatry, University College London, London, United Kingdom; Max Planck UCL Centre for Computational Psychiatry and Ageing Research, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Andreas Heinz
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Campus Charité Mitte, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Michael A Rapp
- Area of Excellence Cognitive Sciences, University of Potsdam, Potsdam, Germany
| | - Michael N Smolka
- Department of Psychiatry, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany; Neuroimaging Center, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany.
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9
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Río-Martínez L, Marquez-Arrico JE, Prat G, Adan A. Temperament and Character Profile and Its Clinical Correlates in Male Patients with Dual Schizophrenia. J Clin Med 2020; 9:jcm9061876. [PMID: 32560099 PMCID: PMC7356598 DOI: 10.3390/jcm9061876] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2020] [Revised: 06/07/2020] [Accepted: 06/12/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Personality traits are relevant in understanding substance use disorders (SUD) and schizophrenia (SZ), but few works have also included patients with dual schizophrenia (SZ+) and personality traits. We explored personality profile in a sample of 165 male patients under treatment, using the Temperament and Character Inventory-Revised. The participants were assigned to three groups of 55 patients each, according to previous diagnosis: SUD, SZ- and SZ+ (without/with SUD). We analyzed their clinical characteristics, relating them to personality dimensions. The SUD and SZ+ groups scored higher than SZ- in Novelty/Sensation Seeking. SZ- and SZ+ presented higher Harm Avoidance and lower Persistence than the SUD group. SZ+ patients showed the lowest levels of Self-directedness, while SZ- and SZ+ had higher scores in Self-transcendence than the SUD group. Several clinical characteristics were associated with personality dimensions depending on diagnosis, and remarkably so for psychiatric symptoms in the SZ- and SZ+ groups. The three groups had a maladaptive personality profile compared to general population. Our results point to different profiles for SUD versus SZ, while both profiles appear combined in the SZ+ group, with extreme scores in some traits. Thus, considering personality endophenotypes in SZ+ could help in designing individualized interventions for this group.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Río-Martínez
- Department of Clinical Psychology and Psychobiology, School of Psychology, University of Barcelona, Passeig de la Vall d’Hebrón 171, 08035 Barcelona, Spain; (L.R.-M.); (J.E.M.-A.); (G.P.)
- Institute of Neurosciences, University of Barcelona, 08035 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Julia E. Marquez-Arrico
- Department of Clinical Psychology and Psychobiology, School of Psychology, University of Barcelona, Passeig de la Vall d’Hebrón 171, 08035 Barcelona, Spain; (L.R.-M.); (J.E.M.-A.); (G.P.)
| | - Gemma Prat
- Department of Clinical Psychology and Psychobiology, School of Psychology, University of Barcelona, Passeig de la Vall d’Hebrón 171, 08035 Barcelona, Spain; (L.R.-M.); (J.E.M.-A.); (G.P.)
| | - Ana Adan
- Department of Clinical Psychology and Psychobiology, School of Psychology, University of Barcelona, Passeig de la Vall d’Hebrón 171, 08035 Barcelona, Spain; (L.R.-M.); (J.E.M.-A.); (G.P.)
- Institute of Neurosciences, University of Barcelona, 08035 Barcelona, Spain
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +34-9331-25060
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Szerman N, Ferre F, Basurte-Villamor I, Vega P, Mesias B, Marín-Navarrete R, Arango C. Gambling Dual Disorder: A Dual Disorder and Clinical Neuroscience Perspective. Front Psychiatry 2020; 11:589155. [PMID: 33329137 PMCID: PMC7732481 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2020.589155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2020] [Accepted: 10/19/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Several behaviors, including compulsive gambling, have been considered non-substance-related addictive disorders. Categorical mental disorders (e.g., DSM-5) are usually accompanied by very different symptomatic expressions (affective, behavioral, cognitive, substance abuse, personality traits). When these mental disorders occur with addictive disorders, either concomitantly or sequentially over the life span, this clinical condition is called a dual disorder. Gambling disorder (GD) has been associated with other categorical psychiatric diagnoses: attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, depression, bipolar disorder, social anxiety, schizophrenia, substance use disorder, antisocial personality disorder; and dimensional symptoms including higher impulsivity, poorer emotional wellbeing, cognitive distortion, psychosis, deficient self-regulation, suicide, poorer family environment, and greater mental distress. We are calling this clinical condition Gambling Dual Disorder. From a clinical perspective, it is clear that Gambling Dual Disorder is not the exception but rather the expectation, and this holds true not just for GD, but also for other mental disorders including other addictions. Mental disorders are viewed as biological disorders that involve brain circuits that implicate specific domains of cognition, emotion, and behavior. This narrative review presents the state of the art with respect to GD in order to address current matters from a dual disorder, precision psychiatry, and clinical neuroscience perspective, rather than the more subjective approach of symptomatology and clinical presentation. This review also presents Gambling Dual Disorder as a brain and neurodevelopmental disorder, including from the perspectives of evolutionary psychiatry, genetics, impulsivity as an endophenotype, the self-medication hypothesis, and sexual biological differences. The wide vision of the disease advances a paradigm shift, highlighting how GD and dual disorders should be conceptualized, diagnosed, and treated. Rethinking GD as part of a dual disorder is crucial for its appropriate conceptualization from the perspective of clinical neuroscience and precision psychiatry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nestor Szerman
- WADD WPA Section Dual Disorders, Institute of Psychiatry and Mental Health Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, Madrid, Spain
| | - Francisco Ferre
- Institute of Psychiatry and Mental Health Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, Madrid, Spain
| | - Ignacio Basurte-Villamor
- Institute of Psychiatry and Mental Health Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, Madrid, Spain
| | - Pablo Vega
- Institute of Addictions, Madrid Salud, Madrid, Spain
| | | | | | - Celso Arango
- Institute of Psychiatry and Mental Health Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, IiSGM, CIBERSAM, School of Medicine, Universidad Complutense, Madrid, Spain
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11
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Ahmadian SM, Alaei H, Ghahremani P. An Assessment between D1 Receptor Agonist and D2 receptor Antagonist into the Ventral Tegmental Area on Conditioned Place Preference and Locomotor Activity. Adv Biomed Res 2019; 8:72. [PMID: 32002395 PMCID: PMC6952765 DOI: 10.4103/abr.abr_82_19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2019] [Revised: 05/22/2019] [Accepted: 05/31/2019] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The release of dopamine (DA) has certain roles in the induction of conditioned place preference (CPP) and motor learning in the ventral tegmental area (VTA). The aim of this study was to investigate the excitatory effects of DA through DA-D1 agonist (SKF38393) and elimination of the inhibitory effects of DA through DA-D2 antagonist (eticlopride) into the VTA and its synergistic effects with an ineffective dose of morphine in the induction of CPP. MATERIALS AND METHODS Morphine (2.5 mg/kg; s. c.) did not induce a significant CPP, without any effect on the locomotor activity during the testing phase. SKF38393 (0.125, 0.5, and 1 μg/side) and eticlopride (0.5, 1, and 2 μg/side) individually or simultaneously were microinjected bilaterally into the VTA. RESULTS The administration of SKF38393 (1 and 2 μg/rat) with ineffective morphine and also without morphine caused CPP on test day, while eticlopride (2 μg/rat) caused CPP with morphine only. Locomotor activity increased in groups receiving D1 agonist and D2 antagonist that presumed to be caused by the reinforcing effect. In addition, the concurrent administration of ineffective doses of D1 agonist and D2 antagonist into the VTA with ineffective morphine caused CPP but not with saline. CONCLUSIONS This study showed that there was a need for morphine to activate the reward circuit through the D2 receptor in the VTA while the administration of the D1 agonist could independently activate the reward circuit. In addition, there was a probable synergistic effect using ineffective doses of D1 and D2 receptors, in the acquisition of morphine-induced CPP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seyed Mostafa Ahmadian
- From the Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Hojjatallah Alaei
- From the Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Parisa Ghahremani
- From the Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
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12
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Moreno-Rius J. Opioid addiction and the cerebellum. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2019; 107:238-251. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2019.09.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2019] [Revised: 09/06/2019] [Accepted: 09/10/2019] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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13
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Giorgi O, Corda MG, Fernández-Teruel A. A Genetic Model of Impulsivity, Vulnerability to Drug Abuse and Schizophrenia-Relevant Symptoms With Translational Potential: The Roman High- vs. Low-Avoidance Rats. Front Behav Neurosci 2019; 13:145. [PMID: 31333426 PMCID: PMC6624787 DOI: 10.3389/fnbeh.2019.00145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2019] [Accepted: 06/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The bidirectional selective breeding of Roman high- (RHA) and low-avoidance (RLA) rats for respectively rapid vs. poor acquisition of active avoidant behavior has generated two lines/strains that differ markedly in terms of emotional reactivity, with RHA rats being less fearful than their RLA counterparts. Many other behavioral traits have been segregated along the selection procedure; thus, compared with their RLA counterparts, RHA rats behave as proactive copers in the face of aversive conditions, display a robust sensation/novelty seeking (SNS) profile, and show high impulsivity and an innate preference for natural and drug rewards. Impulsivity is a multifaceted behavioral trait and is generally defined as a tendency to express actions that are poorly conceived, premature, highly risky or inappropriate to the situation, that frequently lead to unpleasant consequences. High levels of impulsivity are associated with several neuropsychiatric conditions including attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder, obsessive-compulsive disorder, schizophrenia, and drug addiction. Herein, we review the behavioral and neurochemical differences between RHA and RLA rats and survey evidence that RHA rats represent a valid genetic model, with face, construct, and predictive validity, to investigate the neural underpinnings of behavioral disinhibition, novelty seeking, impulsivity, vulnerability to drug addiction as well as deficits in attentional processes, cognitive impairments and other schizophrenia-relevant traits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Osvaldo Giorgi
- Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Maria G Corda
- Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Alberto Fernández-Teruel
- Medical Psychology Unit, Department of Psychiatry and Forensic Medicine, School of Medicine, Institute of Neurosciences, Universitat Autónoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
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14
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Groman SM, Massi B, Mathias SR, Lee D, Taylor JR. Model-Free and Model-Based Influences in Addiction-Related Behaviors. Biol Psychiatry 2019; 85:936-945. [PMID: 30737015 PMCID: PMC6534429 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopsych.2018.12.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2018] [Revised: 12/19/2018] [Accepted: 12/20/2018] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Disruptions in the decision-making processes that guide action selection are a core feature of many psychiatric disorders, including addiction. Decision making is influenced by the goal-directed and habitual systems that can be computationally characterized using model-based and model-free reinforcement learning algorithms, respectively. Recent evidence suggests an imbalance in the influence of these reinforcement learning systems on behavior in individuals with substance dependence, but it is unknown whether these disruptions are a manifestation of chronic drug use and/or are a preexisting risk factor for addiction. METHODS We trained adult male rats on a multistage decision-making task to quantify model-free and model-based processes before and after self-administration of methamphetamine or saline. RESULTS Individual differences in model-free, but not model-based, learning prior to any drug use predicted subsequent methamphetamine self-administration; rats with lower model-free behavior took more methamphetamine than rats with higher model-free behavior. This relationship was selective to model-free updating following a rewarded, but not unrewarded, choice. Both model-free and model-based learning were reduced in rats following methamphetamine self-administration, which was due to a decrement in the ability of rats to use unrewarded outcomes appropriately. Moreover, the magnitude of drug-induced disruptions in model-free learning was not correlated with disruptions in model-based behavior, indicating that drug self-administration independently altered both reinforcement learning strategies. CONCLUSIONS These findings provide direct evidence that model-free and model-based learning mechanisms are involved in select aspects of addiction vulnerability and pathology, and they provide a unique behavioral platform for conducting systems-level analyses of decision making in preclinical models of mental illness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie M. Groman
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University,Correspondence to be direct to: Stephanie M. Groman, Ph.D. (); Jane R. Taylor, Ph.D. (), 34 Park Street, New Haven CT 06515
| | - Bart Massi
- Department of Neuroscience, Yale University
| | | | - Daeyeol Lee
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University,Department of Neuroscience, Yale University,Department of Psychology, Yale University
| | - Jane R. Taylor
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University,Department of Psychology, Yale University,Correspondence to be direct to: Stephanie M. Groman, Ph.D. (); Jane R. Taylor, Ph.D. (), 34 Park Street, New Haven CT 06515
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15
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Zheng Y, Mei S, Yi W, Li Q, Liu X. Abnormal performance monitoring but intact response inhibition in sensation seeking. Psychophysiology 2019; 56:e13373. [PMID: 30932201 DOI: 10.1111/psyp.13373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2018] [Revised: 03/08/2019] [Accepted: 03/08/2019] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
The sensation-seeking trait is a potential endophenotype for various addictive behaviors. Using a nonclinical sample, the current ERP study examined the effects of sensation seeking on performance monitoring and response inhibition. Twenty high sensation seekers and 21 low sensation seekers were selected from a large sample based on their sensation-seeking score and performed a stop-signal task while their EEG was recorded. High relative to low sensation seekers displayed similar response inhibition in terms of performance measure and stop-P3 amplitudes. Compared to low sensation seekers, however, high sensation seekers exhibited a reduced stop-N2 for unsuccessful, but not successful, inhibition. Moreover, an enhanced go-N2 in response to go signals was observed for high versus low sensation seekers, irrespective of whether the go signals were followed by a stop signal or not. Together, our findings suggest that sensation seeking in nonclinical populations is related to individual variability in performance monitoring rather than response inhibition, which provides important implications for the prevention and intervention of addictive behaviors that are driven by trait sensation seeking.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ya Zheng
- Department of Psychology, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Shuting Mei
- Department of Psychology, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Wei Yi
- Department of Psychology, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Qi Li
- CAS Key Laboratory of Behavioral Science, Institute of Psychology, Beijing, China.,Department of Psychology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xun Liu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Behavioral Science, Institute of Psychology, Beijing, China.,Department of Psychology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
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16
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Greater tolerance to losses in sensation seeking: Evidence from probability and delay discounting. Drug Alcohol Depend 2019; 194:159-165. [PMID: 30445273 DOI: 10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2018.09.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2018] [Revised: 09/19/2018] [Accepted: 09/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sensation seeking is a behavioral endophenotype of substance use and is associated with abnormalities in financial reward processing. Previous research suggests that high sensation seekers (HSS) relative to low sensation seekers (LSS) show either an enhanced sensitivity to financial rewards or a reduced sensitivity to financial punishments. However, there are few studies investigating the valuation of financial rewards and punishments as a function of delivery probability and delay, two important aspects of reward processing that influence the valuation. METHODS We administrated a probability discounting task and a delay discounting task to 56 HSS and 57 LSS selected from a large sample. Each task was crossed with two factors: valence (gain vs. loss) and amount (Ұ1000 vs. Ұ50000). RESULTS For the probability discounting task, HSS discounted probabilistic losses but not gains more steeply than LSS, irrespective of the amount of outcome. For the delay discounting task, HSS discounted delayed losses more steeply than LSS, for the large but not small amount condition. In contrast, both groups exhibited comparable discounting rates for gains across the two amount conditions. These results remained significant when impulsivity levels were controlled for. CONCLUSIONS Together, our data strengthen the argument that the dysfunctional valuation in sensation seeking is valence specific, which may be driven by a weaker avoidance system, rather than by a stronger approach system.
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17
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Modelling Differential Vulnerability to Substance Use Disorder in Rodents: Neurobiological Mechanisms. Handb Exp Pharmacol 2019; 258:203-230. [PMID: 31707470 DOI: 10.1007/164_2019_300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Despite the prevalence of drug use within society, only a subset of individuals actively taking addictive drugs lose control over their intake and develop compulsive drug-seeking and intake that typifies substance use disorder (SUD). Although research in this field continues to be an important and dynamic discipline, the specific neuroadaptations that drive compulsive behaviour in humans addicted to drugs and the neurobiological mechanisms that underlie an individual's innate susceptibility to SUD remain surprisingly poorly understood. Nonetheless, it is clear from research within the clinical domain that some behavioural traits are recurrently co-expressed in individuals with SUD, thereby inviting the hypothesis that certain behavioural endophenotypes may be predictive, or at least act in some way, to modify an individual's probability for developing this disorder. The analysis of such endophenotypes and their catalytic relationship to the expression of addiction-related behaviours has been greatly augmented by experimental approaches in rodents that attempt to capture diagnostically relevant aspects of this progressive brain disorder. This work has evolved from an early focus on aberrant drug reinforcement mechanisms to a now much richer account of the putatively impaired cognitive control processes that ultimately determine individual trajectories to compulsive drug-related behaviours. In this chapter we discuss the utility of experimental approaches in rodents designed to elucidate the neurobiological and genetic underpinnings of so-called risk traits and how these innate vulnerabilities collectively contribute to the pathogenesis of SUD.
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18
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Delibaş DH, Akseki HS, Erdoğan E, Zorlu N, Gülseren Ş. Impulsivity, Sensation Seeking, and Decision-Making in Long-Term Abstinent Cannabis Dependent Patients. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2018; 55:315-319. [PMID: 30622386 DOI: 10.5152/npa.2017.19304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2016] [Accepted: 07/12/2017] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Introduction In contrast to several studies that examined different domains of neurocognitive functions in long-term abstinent cannabis users, there are few studies examined impulsivity in cannabis users with prolonged abstinence. The aim of this study was to test whether impulsivity and sensation seeking traits and impulsive decision-making are transient or enduring in patients with cannabis dependence who were abstinent for at least 1 month. Methods The study included 30 patients with cannabis dependence (CDP) who had been abstinent for at least 1 month and 30 healthy controls. All the participants were male and the two groups were matched for age and duration of education. Results As a result of Iowa Gambling Task (IGT) evaluation, there was no significant group (CDP vs. control) by block interaction in IGT performance (p=0.680). CDP showed significantly higher Barratt Impulsiveness Scale-11 (BIS-11) total (p=0.006), BIS-11 non-planning (p=0.006) and Zuckerman Sensation Seeking Scale experience seeking subscale (p=0.001) scores compared with controls. Conclusions This is the first study to investigate decision-making, self-report impulsivity and sensation seeking in long-term abstinent CDP. Our findings suggest that both self-report impulsivity and experience seeking may reflect a stable trait in CDP but not deficits on decision-making. This suggestion is consistent with the hypothesis that elevated impulsivity and sensation seeking traits may lead to addiction when they occur together rather than alone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dursun Hakan Delibaş
- Department of Psychiatry, İzmir Bozyaka Research and Training Hospital, İzmir, Turkey
| | | | - Esin Erdoğan
- Department of Psychiatry, İzmir Bozyaka Research and Training Hospital, İzmir, Turkey
| | - Nabi Zorlu
- Department of Psychiatry, Atatürk Research and Training Hospital, Katip Çelebi University School of Medicine, İzmir, Turkey
| | - Şeref Gülseren
- Department of Psychiatry, Atatürk Research and Training Hospital, Katip Çelebi University School of Medicine, İzmir, Turkey
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19
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Kozak K, Lucatch AM, Lowe DJE, Balodis IM, MacKillop J, George TP. The neurobiology of impulsivity and substance use disorders: implications for treatment. Ann N Y Acad Sci 2018; 1451:71-91. [PMID: 30291624 DOI: 10.1111/nyas.13977] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2018] [Revised: 09/11/2018] [Accepted: 09/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Impulsivity is strongly associated with substance use disorders (SUDs). Our review discusses impulsivity as an underlying vulnerability marker for SUDs, and treatment of co-occurring impulsivity in SUDs. Three factors should be considered for the complex relationship between impulsivity and a SUD: (1) the trait effect of impulsivity, centering on decreased cognitive and response inhibition, (2) the state effect resulting from either acute or chronic substance use on brain structure and function, and (3) the genetic and environmental factors (e.g., age and sex) may influence impulsive behavior associated with SUDs. Both subjective and objective measures are used to assess impulsivity. Together, treatment developments (pharmacological, behavioral, and neurophysiological) should consider these clinically relevant dimensions assessed by a variety of measures, which have implications for treatment matching in individuals with SUD. Despite its heterogeneity, impulsivity is a marker associated with SUDs and may be understood as an imbalance of bottom-up and top-down neural systems. Further investigation of these relationships may lead to more effective SUD treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karolina Kozak
- Addictions Division, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health (CAMH), University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Division of Brain and Therapeutics, Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Institute of Medical Sciences, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Aliya M Lucatch
- Addictions Division, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health (CAMH), University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Darby J E Lowe
- Addictions Division, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health (CAMH), University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Iris M Balodis
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioural Neurosciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - James MacKillop
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioural Neurosciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Tony P George
- Addictions Division, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health (CAMH), University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Division of Brain and Therapeutics, Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Institute of Medical Sciences, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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20
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A Multilevel Computational Characterization of Endophenotypes in Addiction. eNeuro 2018; 5:eN-TNC-0151-18. [PMID: 30073199 PMCID: PMC6071202 DOI: 10.1523/eneuro.0151-18.2018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2018] [Revised: 06/06/2018] [Accepted: 06/12/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Addiction is characterized by a profound intersubject (phenotypic) variability in the expression of addictive symptomatology and propensity to relapse following treatment. However, laboratory investigations have primarily focused on common neural substrates in addiction and have not yet been able to identify mechanisms that can account for the multifaceted phenotypic behaviors reported in the literature. To fill this knowledge gap theoretically, here we simulated phenotypic variations in addiction symptomology and responses to putative treatments, using both a neural model, based on cortico-striatal circuit dynamics, and an algorithmic model of reinforcement learning (RL). These simulations rely on the widely accepted assumption that both the ventral, model-based, goal-directed system and the dorsal, model-free, habitual system are vulnerable to extra-physiologic dopamine reinforcements triggered by addictive rewards. We found that endophenotypic differences in the balance between the two circuit or control systems resulted in an inverted-U shape in optimal choice behavior. Specifically, greater unbalance led to a higher likelihood of developing addiction and more severe drug-taking behaviors. Furthermore, endophenotypes with opposite asymmetrical biases among cortico-striatal circuits expressed similar addiction behaviors, but responded differently to simulated treatments, suggesting personalized treatment development could rely on endophenotypic rather than phenotypic differentiations. We propose our simulated results, confirmed across neural and algorithmic levels of analysis, inform on a fundamental and, to date, neglected quantitative method to characterize clinical heterogeneity in addiction.
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21
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Westbrook SR, Hankosky ER, Dwyer MR, Gulley JM. Age and sex differences in behavioral flexibility, sensitivity to reward value, and risky decision-making. Behav Neurosci 2018; 132:75-87. [PMID: 29481101 DOI: 10.1037/bne0000235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Compared with adults, adolescent behavior is often characterized by reduced behavioral flexibility, increased sensitivity to reward, and increased likelihood to take risks. These traits, which have been hypothesized to confer heightened vulnerability to psychopathologies such as substance use disorders (SUDs), have been the focus of studies in laboratory animal models that seek to understand their neural underpinnings. However, rodent studies to date have typically used only males and have adopted standard methodological practices (e.g., weight loss inducing food restriction) that are likely to have a disparate impact on adolescents compared with adults. Here, we used adolescent and adult Sprague-Dawley rats of both sexes to study instrumental behavior tasks that assess behavioral flexibility (strategy shifting and reversal learning; Experiment 1), sensitivity to reward value (outcome devaluation; Experiment 2), and risky decision making (probability discounting; Experiment 3). In Experiment 1, we found that adolescents were faster to acquire reversal learning than adults but there were no differences in strategy shifting. In Experiments 2 and 3, adolescents and adults were equally sensitive to changes in reward value and exhibited similar reductions in preference for a large reward when reinforcement probability was decreased. However, adolescents responded more efficiently and earned reinforcers at a higher rate than their same-sex, adult counterparts. Together, these findings provide only limited support for the existence of an "adolescent-typical" phenotype in Sprague-Dawley rats and instead suggest that age differences in the expression of these behaviors may depend on conditions such as pubertal status and motivational state. (PsycINFO Database Record
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara R Westbrook
- Department of Psychology, University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign
| | - Emily R Hankosky
- Department of Psychology, University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign
| | - Megan R Dwyer
- Department of Psychology, University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign
| | - Joshua M Gulley
- Department of Psychology, University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign
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22
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Egervari G, Ciccocioppo R, Jentsch JD, Hurd YL. Shaping vulnerability to addiction - the contribution of behavior, neural circuits and molecular mechanisms. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2018; 85:117-125. [PMID: 28571877 PMCID: PMC5708151 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2017.05.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2017] [Revised: 05/11/2017] [Accepted: 05/22/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Substance use disorders continue to impose increasing medical, financial and emotional burdens on society in the form of morbidity and overdose, family disintegration, loss of employment and crime, while advances in prevention and treatment options remain limited. Importantly, not all individuals exposed to abused substances effectively develop the disease. Genetic factors play a significant role in determining addiction vulnerability and interactions between innate predisposition, environmental factors and personal experiences are also critical. Thus, understanding individual differences that contribute to the initiation of substance use as well as on long-term maladaptations driving compulsive drug use and relapse propensity is of critical importance to reduce this devastating disorder. In this paper, we discuss current topics in the field of addiction regarding individual vulnerability related to behavioral endophenotypes, neural circuits, as well as genetics and epigenetic mechanisms. Expanded knowledge of these factors is of importance to improve and personalize prevention and treatment interventions in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabor Egervari
- Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, 10029 New York, NY, USA; Department of Neuroscience, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, 10029 New York, NY, USA
| | - Roberto Ciccocioppo
- School of Pharmacy, Pharmacology Unit, University of Camerino, 62032 Camerino, Italy
| | - J David Jentsch
- Department of Psychology, Binghamton University, 13902 Binghamton, NY, USA
| | - Yasmin L Hurd
- Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, 10029 New York, NY, USA; Department of Neuroscience, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, 10029 New York, NY, USA.
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23
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Romer D, Reyna VF, Satterthwaite TD. Beyond stereotypes of adolescent risk taking: Placing the adolescent brain in developmental context. Dev Cogn Neurosci 2017; 27:19-34. [PMID: 28777995 PMCID: PMC5626621 DOI: 10.1016/j.dcn.2017.07.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 182] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2017] [Revised: 07/24/2017] [Accepted: 07/24/2017] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Recent neuroscience models of adolescent brain development attribute the morbidity and mortality of this period to structural and functional imbalances between more fully developed limbic regions that subserve reward and emotion as opposed to those that enable cognitive control. We challenge this interpretation of adolescent development by distinguishing risk-taking that peaks during adolescence (sensation seeking and impulsive action) from risk taking that declines monotonically from childhood to adulthood (impulsive choice and other decisions under known risk). Sensation seeking is primarily motivated by exploration of the environment under ambiguous risk contexts, while impulsive action, which is likely to be maladaptive, is more characteristic of a subset of youth with weak control over limbic motivation. Risk taking that declines monotonically from childhood to adulthood occurs primarily under conditions of known risks and reflects increases in executive function as well as aversion to risk based on increases in gist-based reasoning. We propose an alternative Life-span Wisdom Model that highlights the importance of experience gained through exploration during adolescence. We propose, therefore, that brain models that recognize the adaptive roles that cognition and experience play during adolescence provide a more complete and helpful picture of this period of development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Romer
- Annenberg Public Policy Center, University of Pennsylvania, United States.
| | - Valerie F Reyna
- Human Neuroscience Institute, Cornell University, United States
| | - Theodore D Satterthwaite
- Department of Psychiatry, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, United States
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24
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Foulds JA, Boden JM, Newton-Howes GM, Mulder RT, Horwood LJ. The role of novelty seeking as a predictor of substance use disorder outcomes in early adulthood. Addiction 2017; 112:1629-1637. [PMID: 28387964 DOI: 10.1111/add.13838] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2016] [Revised: 02/10/2017] [Accepted: 03/30/2017] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS There has been a great deal of evidence showing that high novelty seeking (NS) is a risk factor for the development of substance use disorders (SUDs). However, the possible causal role of NS in SUDs is unconfirmed. The aim of this study was to examine the associations between NS at age 16 and SUDs from ages 18 to 35 years, net of a series of covariate factors. DESIGN Longitudinal study of a birth cohort. SETTING Christchurch, New Zealand. PARTICIPANTS General community sample with sample sizes ranging from n = 1011 (age 21) to n = 962 (age 35). MEASUREMENTS The Composite International Diagnostic Interview was used to derive DSM-IV diagnoses of alcohol, nicotine, cannabis and other illicit SUDs at four time intervals from ages 18 to 35. NS was measured at age 16 using the Tridimensional Personality Questionnaire. FINDINGS An increase in NS was associated with increases in the prevalence of all four SUDs at age 18-35. Following adjustment for a broad range of covariate factors, estimated effect sizes (odds ratios) were reducing in magnitude, but remained moderate to large. Adjusted odds ratios of SUDs for the highest NS quartile compared to with the lowest were 2.0 [95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.5, 2.7] for alcohol; 1.8 (95% CI = 1.3, 2.7) for nicotine; 3.6 (95% CI = 2.4, 5.6) for cannabis and 5.1 (95% CI = 2.9, 9.2) for other illicit substances. CONCLUSIONS The association between high novelty seeking and substance use disorders is not explained by common underlying individual factors and environmental exposures. This is consistent with the view that novelty seeking may play a causal role in the development of substance use disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- James A Foulds
- Department of Psychological Medicine, University of Otago, Christchurch, New Zealand
| | - Joseph M Boden
- Christchurch Health and Development Study, University of Otago, Christchurch, New Zealand
| | - Giles M Newton-Howes
- Department of Psychological Medicine, University of Otago, Wellington, New Zealand
| | - Roger T Mulder
- Department of Psychological Medicine, University of Otago, Christchurch, New Zealand
| | - L John Horwood
- Christchurch Health and Development Study, University of Otago, Christchurch, New Zealand
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25
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Ashenhurst JR, Harden KP, Mallard TT, Corbin WR, Fromme K. Developmentally Specific Associations Between CNR1 Genotype and Cannabis Use Across Emerging Adulthood. J Stud Alcohol Drugs 2017; 78:686-695. [PMID: 28930056 PMCID: PMC5675419 DOI: 10.15288/jsad.2017.78.686] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Previous studies have found preliminary evidence for associations between common single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the cannabinoid receptor gene CNR1 and cannabis use and dependence. The present study examined a set of eight independent SNPs in or near CNR1 in relation to cannabis use measured longitudinally across emerging adulthood. METHOD Using latent growth curve modeling of 10 waves of longitudinal data spanning mean ages 18.4-23.8 years in a sample of non-Hispanic White individuals (n = 334), we tested if genotype at each CNR1 SNP was associated with both level and growth of cannabis use over time. Peer group drug use, a known correlate of individual use, was evaluated as a time-varying predictor of cannabis use and as a moderator of the relationship between SNPs and individual use. RESULTS After correction for multiple comparisons, one SNP, rs806374, was significantly associated with individual differences in level-but not growth-of cannabis use over time, such that C carriers were more likely to use cannabis more frequently at study onset (around age 18). Peer drug use was a predictor of individual cannabis use that grew in terms of effect size with time, but did not significantly moderate the effect of rs806374 genotype. CONCLUSIONS C carriers at rs806374 may be at specific risk for increased odds of use during the transition out of high school (around age 18). Future studies should investigate potential mechanisms at this developmental stage, including individual differences in subjective response, innate tolerance, reinforcement mechanisms, or general liability for substance misuse.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - K. Paige Harden
- Department of Psychology, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas
| | - Travis T. Mallard
- Department of Psychology, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas
| | | | - Kim Fromme
- Department of Psychology, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas,Correspondence may be sent to Kim Fromme at the Department of Psychology, 108 E. Dean Keeton A8000, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712, or via email at:
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26
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Kruse LC, Schindler AG, Williams RG, Weber SJ, Clark JJ. Maladaptive Decision Making in Adults with a History of Adolescent Alcohol use, in a Preclinical Model, Is Attributable to the Compromised Assignment of Incentive Value during Stimulus-Reward Learning. Front Behav Neurosci 2017; 11:134. [PMID: 28790900 PMCID: PMC5524919 DOI: 10.3389/fnbeh.2017.00134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2017] [Accepted: 07/07/2017] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
According to recent WHO reports, alcohol remains the number one substance used and abused by adolescents, despite public health efforts to curb its use. Adolescence is a critical period of biological maturation where brain development, particularly the mesocorticolimbic dopamine system, undergoes substantial remodeling. These circuits are implicated in complex decision making, incentive learning and reinforcement during substance use and abuse. An appealing theoretical approach has been to suggest that alcohol alters the normal development of these processes to promote deficits in reinforcement learning and decision making, which together make individuals vulnerable to developing substance use disorders in adulthood. Previously we have used a preclinical model of voluntary alcohol intake in rats to show that use in adolescence promotes risky decision making in adulthood that is mirrored by selective perturbations in dopamine network dynamics. Further, we have demonstrated that incentive learning processes in adulthood are also altered by adolescent alcohol use, again mirrored by changes in cue-evoked dopamine signaling. Indeed, we have proposed that these two processes, risk-based decision making and incentive learning, are fundamentally linked through dysfunction of midbrain circuitry where inputs to the dopamine system are disrupted by adolescent alcohol use. Here, we test the behavioral predictions of this model in rats and present the findings in the context of the prevailing literature with reference to the long-term consequences of early-life substance use on the vulnerability to develop substance use disorders. We utilize an impulsive choice task to assess the selectivity of alcohol’s effect on decision-making profiles and conditioned reinforcement to parse out the effect of incentive value attribution, one mechanism of incentive learning. Finally, we use the differential reinforcement of low rates of responding (DRL) task to examine the degree to which behavioral disinhibition may contribute to an overall decision-making profile. The findings presented here support the proposition that early life alcohol use selectively alters risk-based choice behavior through modulation of incentive learning processes, both of which may be inexorably linked through perturbations in mesolimbic circuitry and may serve as fundamental vulnerabilities to the development of substance use disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lauren C Kruse
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of WashingtonSeattle, WA, United States
| | - Abigail G Schindler
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of WashingtonSeattle, WA, United States.,Geriatric Research Education and Clinical Center, VA Puget Sound Health Care SystemSeattle, WA, United States
| | - Rapheal G Williams
- Graduate Program in Neuroscience, University of WashingtonSeattle, WA, United States
| | - Sophia J Weber
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of WashingtonSeattle, WA, United States
| | - Jeremy J Clark
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of WashingtonSeattle, WA, United States
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27
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Dal Mas DE, Wittmann BC. Avoiding boredom: Caudate and insula activity reflects boredom-elicited purchase bias. Cortex 2017; 92:57-69. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cortex.2017.03.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2016] [Revised: 11/02/2016] [Accepted: 03/09/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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28
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Khadka S, Stevens MC, Aslanzadeh F, Narayanan B, Hawkins KA, Austad CS, Raskin SA, Tennen H, Wood RM, Fallahi C, Potenza MN, Pearlson GD. Composite impulsivity-related domains in college students. J Psychiatr Res 2017; 90:118-125. [PMID: 28273441 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpsychires.2017.02.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2016] [Revised: 12/25/2016] [Accepted: 02/17/2017] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Impulsivity is a complex, multidimensional construct with prior theoretically and empirically derived characterizations of impulsivity-related behaviors varying considerably among studies. We assessed college students (N = 440) longitudinally with five impulsivity-related self-reported assessments and two computerized behavioral measures. Using a combination of exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis (CFA), we derived then validated several composite impulsivity-related domains (CIRDs). These factors replicated, in large part, findings from a previous study conducted by our group in an independent sample that used a similar analytical approach. The four CIRDs derived in current study are: 'Impulsive action', 'Approach/Appetite Motivation', 'Impulsivity/Compulsivity' and 'Experience and thrill seeking/Fearlessness'. Subsequent psychometric analyses found these CIRDs were relatively stable over the two-year period. Moreover, multiple regression analysis found that CIRD profiles associated with clinical and behavioral characteristics including anxiety, depression, attention deficit hyperactivity disorder and substance use symptomology. Overall, our data suggest that empirically-derived CIRDs have potential for organizing previous impulsivity-related constructs into a more naturalistic framework where distinct constructs are often expressed together in the same individuals. This framework might facilitate future research of neuropsychiatric disorder risk and etiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabin Khadka
- Olin Neuropsychiatry Research Center, Institute of Living, Hartford HealthCare Corporation, Hartford, CT, USA.
| | - Michael C Stevens
- Olin Neuropsychiatry Research Center, Institute of Living, Hartford HealthCare Corporation, Hartford, CT, USA; Department of Psychiatry, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Farah Aslanzadeh
- Olin Neuropsychiatry Research Center, Institute of Living, Hartford HealthCare Corporation, Hartford, CT, USA
| | - Balaji Narayanan
- Olin Neuropsychiatry Research Center, Institute of Living, Hartford HealthCare Corporation, Hartford, CT, USA
| | - Keith A Hawkins
- Olin Neuropsychiatry Research Center, Institute of Living, Hartford HealthCare Corporation, Hartford, CT, USA; Department of Psychiatry, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Carol S Austad
- Central Connecticut State University, New Britain, CT, USA
| | | | - Howard Tennen
- University of Connecticut, School of Medicine, Farmington, CT, USA
| | - Rebecca M Wood
- Central Connecticut State University, New Britain, CT, USA
| | | | - Marc N Potenza
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA; Department of Neuroscience, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA; Child Study Ctr., Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA; The National Center on Addictions and Substance Abuse, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA; Connecticut Mental Health Center, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Godfrey D Pearlson
- Olin Neuropsychiatry Research Center, Institute of Living, Hartford HealthCare Corporation, Hartford, CT, USA; Department of Psychiatry, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA; Department of Neuroscience, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
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29
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Schindler AG, Meabon JS, Pagulayan KF, Hendrickson RC, Meeker KD, Cline M, Li G, Sikkema C, Wilkinson CW, Perl DP, Raskind MR, Peskind ER, Clark JJ, Cook DG. Blast-related disinhibition and risk seeking in mice and combat Veterans: Potential role for dysfunctional phasic dopamine release. Neurobiol Dis 2017; 106:23-34. [PMID: 28619545 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbd.2017.06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2016] [Revised: 05/22/2017] [Accepted: 06/09/2017] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI) caused by exposure to high explosives has been called the "signature injury" of the wars in Iraq and Afghanistan. There is a wide array of chronic neurological and behavioral symptoms associated with blast-induced mTBI. However, the underlying mechanisms are not well understood. Here we used a battlefield-relevant mouse model of blast-induced mTBI and in vivo fast-scan cyclic voltammetry (FSCV) to investigate whether the mesolimbic dopamine system contributes to the mechanisms underlying blast-induced behavioral dysfunction. In mice, blast exposure increased novelty seeking, a behavior closely associated with disinhibition and risk for subsequent maladaptive behaviors. In keeping with this, we found that veterans with blast-related mTBI reported greater disinhibition and risk taking on the Frontal Systems Behavior Scale (FrSBe). In addition, in mice we report that blast exposure causes potentiation of evoked phasic dopamine release in the nucleus accumbens. Taken together these findings suggest that blast-induced changes in the dopaminergic system may mediate aspects of the complex array of behavioral dysfunctions reported in blast-exposed veterans.
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Affiliation(s)
- A G Schindler
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA; Geriatric Research Education and Clinical Center, VA Puget Sound Health Care System, Seattle, WA 98108, USA
| | - J S Meabon
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA; Mental Illness Research, Education, and Clinical Center, VA Puget Sound Health Care System, Seattle, WA 98108, USA
| | - K F Pagulayan
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA; Mental Illness Research, Education, and Clinical Center, VA Puget Sound Health Care System, Seattle, WA 98108, USA
| | - R C Hendrickson
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA; Mental Illness Research, Education, and Clinical Center, VA Puget Sound Health Care System, Seattle, WA 98108, USA
| | - K D Meeker
- Geriatric Research Education and Clinical Center, VA Puget Sound Health Care System, Seattle, WA 98108, USA
| | - M Cline
- Geriatric Research Education and Clinical Center, VA Puget Sound Health Care System, Seattle, WA 98108, USA
| | - G Li
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA; Mental Illness Research, Education, and Clinical Center, VA Puget Sound Health Care System, Seattle, WA 98108, USA; Geriatric Research Education and Clinical Center, VA Puget Sound Health Care System, Seattle, WA 98108, USA
| | - C Sikkema
- Geriatric Research Education and Clinical Center, VA Puget Sound Health Care System, Seattle, WA 98108, USA
| | - C W Wilkinson
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA; Mental Illness Research, Education, and Clinical Center, VA Puget Sound Health Care System, Seattle, WA 98108, USA; Geriatric Research Education and Clinical Center, VA Puget Sound Health Care System, Seattle, WA 98108, USA
| | - D P Perl
- Department of Pathology, Center for Neuroscience and Regenerative Medicine, School of Medicine, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD 20814, USA
| | - M R Raskind
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA; Mental Illness Research, Education, and Clinical Center, VA Puget Sound Health Care System, Seattle, WA 98108, USA
| | - E R Peskind
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA; Mental Illness Research, Education, and Clinical Center, VA Puget Sound Health Care System, Seattle, WA 98108, USA
| | - J J Clark
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA
| | - D G Cook
- Geriatric Research Education and Clinical Center, VA Puget Sound Health Care System, Seattle, WA 98108, USA; Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA; Department of Pharmacology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA.
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30
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Liang CS, Ho PS, Yen CH, Chen CY, Kuo SC, Huang CC, Yeh YW, Ma KH, Huang SY. The relationship between the striatal dopamine transporter and novelty seeking and cognitive flexibility in opioid dependence. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry 2017; 74:36-42. [PMID: 27940252 DOI: 10.1016/j.pnpbp.2016.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2016] [Revised: 11/18/2016] [Accepted: 12/05/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Novelty seeking (NS) is a core personality trait that primes the susceptibility to drug addiction. Striatal dopamine activity contributes to cognitive flexibility, an important cognitive strategy to inhibit impulsivity and compulsive drug-seeking behavior. Evidence supports the association between dopamine and NS. Opioid-dependent patients show higher levels of NS, and repeated opioid exposure can cause cognitive deficits including poor cognitive flexibility and impaired impulse control. However, in opioid-dependent patients, the link between NS, striatal dopamine activity, and cognitive flexibility is still unclear. We recruited 22 opioid-dependent individuals and 30 age- and sex-matched healthy controls. Single-photon emission computed tomography with [99mTc]TRODAT-1 as a ligand was used to measure the striatal dopamine transporter (DAT) availability. The Trail Making Test (TMT) was performed to assess cognitive flexibility. Cloninger's Tridimensional Personality Questionnaire (TPQ) was used to measure NS. We found that in opioid-dependent patients, the striatal DAT availability was lower and negatively associated with TMT Part B÷Part A. Moreover, an inverted-U shape significantly matched the scores of NS as a function of the striatal DAT availability, with maximum NS potential in the midrange of the DAT availability. An extra sum-of-squares F test was conducted, indicating that a quadratic model fitted the association between the DAT and NS better than a linear model did. In brief, in opioid-dependent patients, the striatal DAT availability is nonlinearly linked to NS and linearly linked to cognitive flexibility. The role of the striatal DAT in the transition from controlled to compulsive opioid use warrants further research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chih-Sung Liang
- Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC; Department of Psychiatry, Beitou Branch, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Pei-Shen Ho
- Department of Psychiatry, Beitou Branch, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Che-Hung Yen
- Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC; Department of Neurology, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Chun-Yen Chen
- Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC; Department of Psychiatry, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Shin-Chang Kuo
- Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC; Department of Psychiatry, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Chang-Chih Huang
- Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC; Department of Psychiatry, Taipei Branch, Buddhist Tzu Chi General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Yi-Wei Yeh
- Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC; Department of Psychiatry, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Kuo-Hsing Ma
- Department of anatomy and biology, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
| | - San-Yuan Huang
- Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC; Department of Psychiatry, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC.
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31
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Sjoerds Z, Stufflebeam SM, Veltman DJ, Van den Brink W, Penninx BWJH, Douw L. Loss of brain graph network efficiency in alcohol dependence. Addict Biol 2017; 22:523-534. [PMID: 26692359 DOI: 10.1111/adb.12346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2015] [Revised: 11/06/2015] [Accepted: 11/11/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Alcohol dependence (AD) is characterized by corticostriatal impairments in individual brain areas such as the striatum. As yet however, complex brain network topology in AD and its association with disease progression are unknown. We applied graph theory to resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (RS-fMRI) to examine weighted global efficiency and local (clustering coefficient, degree and eigenvector centrality) network topology and the functional role of the striatum in 24 AD patients compared with 20 matched healthy controls (HCs), and their association with dependence characteristics. Graph analyses were performed based on Pearson's correlations between RS-fMRI time series, while correcting for age, gender and head motion. We found no significant group differences between AD patients and HCs in network topology. Notably, within the patient group, but not in HCs, the whole-brain network showed reduced average cluster coefficient with more severe alcohol use, whereas longer AD duration within the patient group was associated with a global decrease in efficiency, degree and clustering coefficient. Additionally, within four a-priori chosen bilateral striatal nodes, alcohol use severity was associated with lower clustering coefficient in the left caudate. Longer AD duration was associated with reduced clustering coefficient in caudate and putamen, and reduced degree in bilateral caudate, but with increased eigenvector centrality in left posterior putamen. Especially changes in global network topology and clustering coefficient in anterior striatum remained strikingly robust after exploratory variations in network weight. Our results show adverse effects of AD on overall network integration and possibly on striatal efficiency, putatively contributing to the increasing behavioral impairments seen in chronically addicted patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zsuzsika Sjoerds
- Max Planck Institute for Human Cognitive and Brain Sciences; Germany
- Department of Psychiatry, Neuroscience Campus Amsterdam; VU University Medical Center; The Netherlands
- Amsterdam Institute for Addiction Research, Department of Psychiatry, Academic Medical Center; University of Amsterdam; The Netherlands
| | - Steven M. Stufflebeam
- Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging; Massachusetts General Hospital; MA USA
| | - Dick J. Veltman
- Department of Psychiatry, Neuroscience Campus Amsterdam; VU University Medical Center; The Netherlands
| | - Wim Van den Brink
- Amsterdam Institute for Addiction Research, Department of Psychiatry, Academic Medical Center; University of Amsterdam; The Netherlands
| | - Brenda W. J. H. Penninx
- Department of Psychiatry, Neuroscience Campus Amsterdam; VU University Medical Center; The Netherlands
| | - Linda Douw
- Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging; Massachusetts General Hospital; MA USA
- Department of Anatomy and Neurosciences, Neuroscience Campus Amsterdam; VU University Medical Center; The Netherlands
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32
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Büchel C, Peters J, Banaschewski T, Bokde ALW, Bromberg U, Conrod PJ, Flor H, Papadopoulos D, Garavan H, Gowland P, Heinz A, Walter H, Ittermann B, Mann K, Martinot JL, Paillère-Martinot ML, Nees F, Paus T, Pausova Z, Poustka L, Rietschel M, Robbins TW, Smolka MN, Gallinat J, Schumann G, Knutson B. Blunted ventral striatal responses to anticipated rewards foreshadow problematic drug use in novelty-seeking adolescents. Nat Commun 2017; 8:14140. [PMID: 28221370 PMCID: PMC5321762 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms14140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2015] [Accepted: 12/02/2016] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Novelty-seeking tendencies in adolescents may promote innovation as well as problematic impulsive behaviour, including drug abuse. Previous research has not clarified whether neural hyper- or hypo-responsiveness to anticipated rewards promotes vulnerability in these individuals. Here we use a longitudinal design to track 144 novelty-seeking adolescents at age 14 and 16 to determine whether neural activity in response to anticipated rewards predicts problematic drug use. We find that diminished BOLD activity in mesolimbic (ventral striatal and midbrain) and prefrontal cortical (dorsolateral prefrontal cortex) regions during reward anticipation at age 14 predicts problematic drug use at age 16. Lower psychometric conscientiousness and steeper discounting of future rewards at age 14 also predicts problematic drug use at age 16, but the neural responses independently predict more variance than psychometric measures. Together, these findings suggest that diminished neural responses to anticipated rewards in novelty-seeking adolescents may increase vulnerability to future problematic drug use. Some adolescents seek novelty, but it is unknown whether the brain circuits underlying this behaviour can be used to predict later, problematic behaviour. Here, authors show that diminished ventral striatal and prefrontal activity in response to anticipated rewards at age 14 in these individuals predicts problematic drug use at age 16.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Büchel
- Department of Systems Neuroscience, Universitätsklinikum Hamburg Eppendorf, 20246 Hamburg, Germany.,Department of Psychology, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, USA
| | - Jan Peters
- Department of Systems Neuroscience, Universitätsklinikum Hamburg Eppendorf, 20246 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Tobias Banaschewski
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychiatry, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, 68159 Mannheim, Germany
| | - Arun L W Bokde
- Institute of Neuroscience and Discipline of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - Uli Bromberg
- Department of Systems Neuroscience, Universitätsklinikum Hamburg Eppendorf, 20246 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Patricia J Conrod
- Institute of Psychiatry, King's College London, London SE5 8AF, UK.,Department of Psychiatry, Université de Montreal, CHU Ste Justine Hospital, Montréal, Québec, Canada H3C 3J7
| | - Herta Flor
- Department of Cognitive and Clinical Neuroscience, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, 68159 Mannheim, Germany
| | - Dimitri Papadopoulos
- Commissariat à l'Energie Atomique et aux Energies Alternatives, 14 CEA, DSV, I2BM, Neurospin bat 145, 91191 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Hugh Garavan
- Institute of Neuroscience, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland.,Departments of Psychiatry and Psychology, University of Vermont, Burlington, Vermont 05401, USA
| | - Penny Gowland
- School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Nottingham, Nottinghamshire NG7 2RD, UK
| | - Andreas Heinz
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Campus Charité Mitte, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, 10117 Berlin, Germany
| | - Henrik Walter
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Campus Charité Mitte, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, 10117 Berlin, Germany
| | - Bernd Ittermann
- Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt (PTB), 10587 Berlin, Germany
| | - Karl Mann
- Department of Addictive Behaviour and Addiction Medicine, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, 68159 Mannheim, Germany
| | - Jean-Luc Martinot
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, INSERM Unit 1000 'Imaging &Psychiatry', University Paris-Sud, 91400 Orsay, France.,Maison de Solenn, APHP Ho^pital Cochin, University Paris Descartes, 75006 Paris, France
| | - Marie-Laure Paillère-Martinot
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, INSERM Unit 1000 'Imaging &Psychiatry', University Paris-Sud, 91400 Orsay, France.,Maison de Solenn, APHP Ho^pital Cochin, University Paris Descartes, 75006 Paris, France
| | - Frauke Nees
- Department of Cognitive and Clinical Neuroscience, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, 68159 Mannheim, Germany
| | - Tomas Paus
- McGill University and Genome Quebec Innovation Centre, Montréal, Québec, Canada H3A 1A4.,Rotman Research Institute, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M5S 3E6.,School of Psychology, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, Nottinghamshire NG7 2RD, UK.,Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada H3A 2B4
| | - Zdenka Pausova
- The Hospital for Sick Children, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario Canada, M5G 1X8
| | - Luise Poustka
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychiatry, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, 68159 Mannheim, Germany
| | - Marcella Rietschel
- Department of Cognitive and Clinical Neuroscience, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, 68159 Mannheim, Germany
| | - Trevor W Robbins
- Behavioural and Clinical Neurosciences Institute, Department of Experimental Psychology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 3EB, UK
| | - Michael N Smolka
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, and Neuroimaging Center, Technische Universität Dresden, 01307 Dresden, Germany
| | - Juergen Gallinat
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Campus Charité Mitte, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, 10117 Berlin, Germany
| | - Gunter Schumann
- Institute of Psychiatry, King's College London, London SE5 8AF, UK.,MRC Social, Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry (SGDP) Centre, London SE5 8AF, UK
| | - Brian Knutson
- Department of Psychology, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, USA
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Spronk DB, De Bruijn ERA, van Wel JHP, Ramaekers JG, Verkes RJ. Acute effects of cocaine and cannabis on response inhibition in humans: an ERP investigation. Addict Biol 2016; 21:1186-1198. [PMID: 26037156 DOI: 10.1111/adb.12274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Substance abuse has often been associated with alterations in response inhibition in humans. Not much research has examined how the acute effects of drugs modify the neurophysiological correlates of response inhibition, or how these effects interact with individual variation in trait levels of impulsivity and novelty seeking. This study investigated the effects of cocaine and cannabis on behavioural and event-related potential (ERP) correlates of response inhibition in 38 healthy drug using volunteers. A double-blind placebo-controlled randomized three-way crossover design was used. All subjects completed a standard Go/NoGo task after administration of the drugs. Compared with a placebo, cocaine yielded improved accuracy, quicker reaction times and an increased prefrontal NoGo-P3 ERP. Cannabis produced opposing results; slower reaction times, impaired accuracy and a reduction in the amplitude of the prefrontal NoGo-P3. Cannabis in addition decreased the amplitude of the parietally recorded P3, while cocaine did not affect this. Neither drugs specifically affected the N2 component, suggesting that pre-motor response inhibitory processes remain unaffected. Neither trait impulsivity nor novelty seeking interacted with drug-induced effects on measures of response inhibition. We conclude that acute drug effects on response inhibition seem to be specific to the later, evaluative stages of response inhibition. The acute effects of cannabis appeared less specific to response inhibition than those of cocaine. Together, the results show that the behavioural effects on response inhibition are reflected in electrophysiological correlates. This study did not support a substantial role of vulnerability personality traits in the acute intoxication stage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Desirée B. Spronk
- Department of Psychiatry; Radboud University Medical Centre; Nijmegen The Netherlands
- Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour; Radboud University Nijmegen; Nijmegen The Netherlands
| | - Ellen R. A. De Bruijn
- Department of Clinical Psychology, Leiden Institute for Brain and Cognition; Leiden University; Leiden The Netherlands
| | - Janelle H. P. van Wel
- Department of Neuropsychology and Psychopharmacology, Faculty of Psychology and Neuroscience; Maastricht University; Maastricht The Netherlands
| | - Johannes G. Ramaekers
- Department of Neuropsychology and Psychopharmacology, Faculty of Psychology and Neuroscience; Maastricht University; Maastricht The Netherlands
| | - Robbert J. Verkes
- Department of Psychiatry; Radboud University Medical Centre; Nijmegen The Netherlands
- Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour; Radboud University Nijmegen; Nijmegen The Netherlands
- Pompestichting for Forensic Psychiatry; Nijmegen The Netherlands
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34
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Arenas MC, Aguilar MA, Montagud-Romero S, Mateos-García A, Navarro-Francés CI, Miñarro J, Rodríguez-Arias M. Influence of the Novelty-Seeking Endophenotype on the Rewarding Effects of Psychostimulant Drugs in Animal Models. Curr Neuropharmacol 2016; 14:87-100. [PMID: 26391743 PMCID: PMC4787288 DOI: 10.2174/1570159x13666150921112841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2015] [Revised: 08/20/2015] [Accepted: 09/19/2015] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Novelty seeking (NS), defined as a tendency to pursue novel and intense emotional sensations and experiences, is one of the most relevant individual factors predicting drug use among humans. High novelty seeking (HNS) individuals present an increased risk of drug use compared to low novelty seekers. The NS endophenotype may explain some of the differences observed among individuals exposed to drugs of abuse in adolescence. However, there is little research about the particular response of adolescents to drugs of abuse in function of this endophenotype, and the data that do exist are inconclusive. The present work reviews the literature regarding the influence of NS on psychostimulant reward, with particular focus on adolescent subjects. First, the different animal models of NS and the importance of this endophenotype in adolescence are discussed. Later, studies that have used the most common animal models of reward (self-administration, conditioned place preference paradigms) to evaluate how the NS trait influences the rewarding effects of psychostimulants are reviewed. Finally, possible explanations for the enhanced risk of developing substance dependence among HNS individuals are discussed. In conclusion, the studies referred to in this review show that the HNS trait is associated with: (1) increased initial sensitivity to the rewarding effects of psychostimulants, (2) a higher level of drug craving when the subject is exposed to the environmental cues associated with the drug, and (3) enhanced long-term vulnerability to relapse to drug consumption after prolonged abstinence.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Marta Rodríguez-Arias
- Unidad de Investigación Psicobiología de las Drogodependencias, Departamento de Psicobiología, Facultad de Psicología, Universitat de València, Avda. Blasco Ibañez, 21, 46010, Valencia, Spain.
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35
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Egervari G, Jutras-Aswad D, Landry J, Miller ML, Anderson SA, Michaelides M, Jacobs MM, Peter C, Yiannoulos G, Liu X, Hurd YL. A Functional 3'UTR Polymorphism (rs2235749) of Prodynorphin Alters microRNA-365 Binding in Ventral Striatonigral Neurons to Influence Novelty Seeking and Positive Reward Traits. Neuropsychopharmacology 2016; 41:2512-20. [PMID: 27074815 PMCID: PMC4987849 DOI: 10.1038/npp.2016.53] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2016] [Revised: 03/29/2016] [Accepted: 04/06/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Genetic factors impact behavioral traits relevant to numerous psychiatric disorders and risk-taking behaviors, and different lines of evidence have indicated that discrete neurobiological systems contribute to such individual differences. In this study, we explored the relationship of genetic variants of the prodynorphin (PDYN) gene, which is enriched in the striatonigral/striatomesencephalic pathway, a key neuronal circuit implicated in positive 'Go' behavioral choice and action. Our multidisciplinary approach revealed that the single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) rs2235749 (in high linkage disequilibrium with rs910080) modifies striatal PDYN expression via impaired binding of miR-365, a microRNA that targets the PDYN 3'-untranslated region (3'UTR), and is significantly associated to novelty- and reward-related behavioral traits in humans and translational animal models. Carriers of the rs2235749G allele exhibited increased levels of PDYN 3'UTR in vitro and had elevated mRNA expression in the medial nucleus accumbens shell (NAcSh) and caudate nucleus in postmortem human brains. There was an association of rs2235749 with novelty-seeking trait and a strong genotype-dose association with positive reinforcement behavior in control subjects, which differed in cannabis-dependent individuals. Using lentiviral miRZip-365 constructs selectively expressed in Pdyn-neurons of the NAcSh, we demonstrated that the Pdyn-miR365 interaction in the NAcSh directly influences novelty-seeking exploratory behavior and facilitates self-administration of natural reward. Overall, this translational study suggests that genetically determined miR-365-mediated epigenetic regulation of PDYN expression in mesolimbic striatonigral/striatomesencephalic circuits possibly contributes to novelty seeking and positive reinforcement traits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabor Egervari
- Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Neuroscience, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Didier Jutras-Aswad
- Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Joseph Landry
- Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Neuroscience, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Michael L Miller
- Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Neuroscience, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Sarah Ann Anderson
- Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Neuroscience, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Michael Michaelides
- Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Neuroscience, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Michelle M Jacobs
- Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Neuroscience, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Cyril Peter
- Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Neuroscience, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Georgia Yiannoulos
- Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Xun Liu
- Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Yasmin L Hurd
- Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Neuroscience, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
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36
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Individual Differences in Cognitive Control Circuit Anatomy Link Sensation Seeking, Impulsivity, and Substance Use. J Neurosci 2016; 36:4038-49. [PMID: 27053210 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.3206-15.2016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 99] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2015] [Accepted: 02/26/2016] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
UNLABELLED Individuals vary widely in their tendency to seek stimulation and act impulsively, early developing traits with genetic origins. Failures to regulate these behaviors increase risk for maladaptive outcomes including substance abuse. Here, we explored the neuroanatomical correlates of sensation seeking and impulsivity in healthy young adults. Our analyses revealed links between sensation seeking and reduced cortical thickness that were preferentially localized to regions implicated in cognitive control, including anterior cingulate and middle frontal gyrus (n = 1015). These associations generalized to self-reported motor impulsivity, replicated in an independent group (n = 219), and correlated with heightened alcohol, tobacco, and caffeine use. Critically, the relations between sensation seeking and brain structure were evident in participants without a history of alcohol or tobacco use, suggesting that observed associations with anatomy are not solely a consequence of substance use. These results demonstrate that individual differences in the tendency to seek stimulation, act on impulse, and engage in substance use are correlated with the anatomical structure of cognitive control circuitry. Our findings suggest that, in healthy populations, covariation across these complex multidimensional behaviors may in part originate from a common underlying biology. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT Impaired cognitive control may result in a tendency to seek stimulation impulsively and an increased risk for maladaptive outcomes, including substance abuse. Here, we examined the structural correlates of sensation seeking and impulsivity in a large cohort of healthy young adults. Our analyses revealed links between sensation seeking and reduced cortical thickness that were preferentially localized to regions implicated in cognitive control, including anterior cingulate and middle frontal gyrus. The observed associations generalized to motor impulsivity, replicated in an independent group, and predicted heightened alcohol, tobacco, and caffeine use. These data indicate that normal variability in cognitive control system anatomy predicts sensation seeking and motor impulsivity in the healthy populations, potentially increasing risk for substance use disorders.
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37
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Chronic methamphetamine self-administration disrupts cortical control of cognition. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2016; 69:36-48. [PMID: 27450578 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2016.07.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2015] [Revised: 07/18/2016] [Accepted: 07/19/2016] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Methamphetamine (meth) is one of the most abused substances worldwide. Chronic use has been associated with repeated relapse episodes that may be exacerbated by cognitive impairments during drug abstinence. Growing evidence demonstrates that meth compromises prefrontal cortex activity, resulting in persisting attentional and memory impairments. After summarizing recent studies of meth-induced cognitive dysfunction using a translationally relevant model of self-administered meth, this review emphasizes the cortical brain changes contributing to cognitive dysregulation during abstinence. Finally, we propose the use of cognitive enhancers during abstinence that may promote a drug-free state by reversing cortical dysfunction linked with prolonged meth abuse.
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38
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Neurobehavioral Sequelae of Psychostimulant Abuse. INTERNATIONAL REVIEW OF NEUROBIOLOGY 2016; 120:161-77. [PMID: 26070757 DOI: 10.1016/bs.irn.2015.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Psychostimulants are a heterogeneous group of drugs known not only for its arousal and motor activity enhancing effects but also for its high risk of abuse. In susceptible individuals, chronic use can cause addiction leading to devastating physical, psychological, and social health consequences. This chapter will focus on the neurobehavioral consequences of psychostimulant abuse. Different models and theories of addiction and possible underlying mechanisms as well as changed in decision making on neuropsychological tasks have been discussed. Prevention and early behavioral intervention are of paramount importance given the lack of approved drug therapies for these patients.
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Jupp B, Murray JE, Jordan ER, Xia J, Fluharty M, Shrestha S, Robbins TW, Dalley JW. Social dominance in rats: effects on cocaine self-administration, novelty reactivity and dopamine receptor binding and content in the striatum. Psychopharmacology (Berl) 2016; 233:579-89. [PMID: 26554388 PMCID: PMC4726718 DOI: 10.1007/s00213-015-4122-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2015] [Accepted: 10/20/2015] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
RATIONALE Studies in human and non-human primates demonstrate that social status is an important determinant of cocaine reinforcement. However, it is unclear whether social rank is associated with other traits that also predispose to addiction and whether social status similarly predicts cocaine self-administration in rats. OBJECTIVES The objective of this study is to investigate whether social ranking assessed using a resource competition task affects (i) the acquisition, maintenance and reinstatement of cocaine self-administration; (ii) the dopaminergic markers in the striatum; and (iii) the expression of ancillary traits for addiction. METHODS Social ranking was determined in group-housed rats based upon drinking times during competition for a highly palatable liquid. Rats were then evaluated for cocaine self-administration and cue-induced drug reinstatement or individual levels of impulsivity, anxiety and novelty-induced locomotor activity. Finally, dopamine content, dopamine transporter (DAT) and dopamine D2/D3 (D2/3) receptor binding were measured postmortem in the dorsal and ventral striatum. RESULTS Rats deemed socially dominant showed enhanced novelty reactivity but were neither more impulsive nor anxious compared with subordinate rats. Dominant rats additionally maintained higher rates of cocaine self-administration but showed no differences in the acquisition, extinction and reinstatement of this behaviour. D2/3 binding was elevated in the nucleus accumbens shell and dorsal striatum of dominant rats when compared to subordinate rats, and was accompanied by elevated DAT and reduced dopamine content in the nucleus accumbens shell. CONCLUSIONS These findings show that social hierarchy influences the rate of self-administered cocaine but not anxiety or impulsivity in rats. Similar to non-human primates, these effects may be mediated by striatal dopaminergic systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bianca Jupp
- Department of Psychology, University of Cambridge, Downing Street, Cambridge, CB2 3EB, UK
- Behavioural and Clinical Neurosciences Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 3EB, UK
| | - Jennifer E Murray
- Department of Psychology, University of Cambridge, Downing Street, Cambridge, CB2 3EB, UK
- Behavioural and Clinical Neurosciences Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 3EB, UK
| | - Emily R Jordan
- Department of Psychology, University of Cambridge, Downing Street, Cambridge, CB2 3EB, UK
- Behavioural and Clinical Neurosciences Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 3EB, UK
| | - Jing Xia
- Department of Psychology, University of Cambridge, Downing Street, Cambridge, CB2 3EB, UK
- Behavioural and Clinical Neurosciences Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 3EB, UK
| | - Meg Fluharty
- Department of Psychology, University of Cambridge, Downing Street, Cambridge, CB2 3EB, UK
- Behavioural and Clinical Neurosciences Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 3EB, UK
| | - Saurav Shrestha
- Molecular Imagine Branch, National Institute of Mental Health, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, USA
| | - Trevor W Robbins
- Department of Psychology, University of Cambridge, Downing Street, Cambridge, CB2 3EB, UK
- Behavioural and Clinical Neurosciences Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 3EB, UK
| | - Jeffrey W Dalley
- Department of Psychology, University of Cambridge, Downing Street, Cambridge, CB2 3EB, UK.
- Behavioural and Clinical Neurosciences Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 3EB, UK.
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 2QQ, UK.
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40
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Besson M, Forget B. Cognitive Dysfunction, Affective States, and Vulnerability to Nicotine Addiction: A Multifactorial Perspective. Front Psychiatry 2016; 7:160. [PMID: 27708591 PMCID: PMC5030478 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2016.00160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2015] [Accepted: 09/06/2016] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Although smoking prevalence has declined in recent years, certain subpopulations continue to smoke at disproportionately high rates and show resistance to cessation treatments. Individuals showing cognitive and affective impairments, including emotional distress and deficits in attention, memory, and inhibitory control, particularly in the context of psychiatric conditions, such as attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder, schizophrenia, and mood disorders, are at higher risk for tobacco addiction. Nicotine has been shown to improve cognitive and emotional processing in some conditions, including during tobacco abstinence. Self-medication of cognitive deficits or negative affect has been proposed to underlie high rates of tobacco smoking among people with psychiatric disorders. However, pre-existing cognitive and mood disorders may also influence the development and maintenance of nicotine dependence, by biasing nicotine-induced alterations in information processing and associative learning, decision-making, and inhibitory control. Here, we discuss the potential forms of contribution of cognitive and affective deficits to nicotine addiction-related processes, by reviewing major clinical and preclinical studies investigating either the procognitive and therapeutic action of nicotine or the putative primary role of cognitive and emotional impairments in addiction-like features.
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Affiliation(s)
- Morgane Besson
- Unité de Neurobiologie Intégrative des Systèmes Cholinergiques, Department of Neuroscience, CNRS UMR 3571, Institut Pasteur , Paris , France
| | - Benoît Forget
- Unité de Neurobiologie Intégrative des Systèmes Cholinergiques, Department of Neuroscience, CNRS UMR 3571, Institut Pasteur , Paris , France
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41
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Rodríguez-Arias M, Roger-Sánchez C, Vilanova I, Revert N, Manzanedo C, Miñarro J, Aguilar MA. Effects of Cannabinoid Exposure during Adolescence on the Conditioned Rewarding Effects of WIN 55212-2 and Cocaine in Mice: Influence of the Novelty-Seeking Trait. Neural Plast 2015; 2016:6481862. [PMID: 26881125 PMCID: PMC4736006 DOI: 10.1155/2016/6481862] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2015] [Revised: 09/01/2015] [Accepted: 09/17/2015] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Adolescent exposure to cannabinoids enhances the behavioural effects of cocaine, and high novelty-seeking trait predicts greater sensitivity to the conditioned place preference (CPP) induced by this drug. Our aim was to evaluate the influence of novelty-seeking on the effects of adolescent cannabinoid exposure. Adolescent male mice were classified as high or low novelty seekers (HNS and LNS) in the hole-board test. First, we evaluated the CPP induced by the cannabinoid agonist WIN 55212-2 (0.05 and 0.075 mg/kg, i.p.) in HNS and LNS mice. Then, HNS and LNS mice were pretreated i.p. with vehicle, WIN 55212-2 (0.1 mg/kg), or cannabinoid antagonist rimonabant (1 mg/kg) and were subsequently conditioned with WIN 55212-2 (0.05 mg/kg, i.p.) or cocaine (1 or 6 mg/kg, i.p.). Only HNS mice conditioned with the 0.075 mg/kg dose acquired CPP with WIN 55212-2. Adolescent exposure to this cannabinoid agonist increased the rewarding effects of 1 mg/kg of cocaine in both HNS and LNS mice, and in HNS mice it also increased the reinstating effect of a low dose of cocaine. Our results endorse a role for individual differences such as a higher propensity for sensation-seeking in the development of addiction.
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Affiliation(s)
- M. Rodríguez-Arias
- Unidad de Investigación Psicobiología de las Drogodependencias, Departamento de Psicobiologia, Facultad de Psicología, Universidad de Valencia, 46010 Valencia, Spain
| | - C. Roger-Sánchez
- Unidad de Investigación Psicobiología de las Drogodependencias, Departamento de Psicobiologia, Facultad de Psicología, Universidad de Valencia, 46010 Valencia, Spain
| | - I. Vilanova
- Unidad de Investigación Psicobiología de las Drogodependencias, Departamento de Psicobiologia, Facultad de Psicología, Universidad de Valencia, 46010 Valencia, Spain
| | - N. Revert
- Unidad de Investigación Psicobiología de las Drogodependencias, Departamento de Psicobiologia, Facultad de Psicología, Universidad de Valencia, 46010 Valencia, Spain
| | - C. Manzanedo
- Unidad de Investigación Psicobiología de las Drogodependencias, Departamento de Psicobiologia, Facultad de Psicología, Universidad de Valencia, 46010 Valencia, Spain
| | - J. Miñarro
- Unidad de Investigación Psicobiología de las Drogodependencias, Departamento de Psicobiologia, Facultad de Psicología, Universidad de Valencia, 46010 Valencia, Spain
| | - M. A. Aguilar
- Unidad de Investigación Psicobiología de las Drogodependencias, Departamento de Psicobiologia, Facultad de Psicología, Universidad de Valencia, 46010 Valencia, Spain
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Belin D, Belin-Rauscent A, Everitt BJ, Dalley JW. In search of predictive endophenotypes in addiction: insights from preclinical research. GENES BRAIN AND BEHAVIOR 2015; 15:74-88. [DOI: 10.1111/gbb.12265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 105] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2015] [Revised: 10/12/2015] [Accepted: 10/16/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- D. Belin
- Department of Pharmacology; University of Cambridge; Cambridge UK
- Behavioural and Clinical Neuroscience Institute; University of Cambridge
| | - A. Belin-Rauscent
- Department of Pharmacology; University of Cambridge; Cambridge UK
- Behavioural and Clinical Neuroscience Institute; University of Cambridge
| | - B. J. Everitt
- Behavioural and Clinical Neuroscience Institute; University of Cambridge
- Department of Psychology; University of Cambridge; Cambridge UK
| | - J. W. Dalley
- Behavioural and Clinical Neuroscience Institute; University of Cambridge
- Department of Psychology; University of Cambridge; Cambridge UK
- Department of Psychiatry; University of Cambridge; Cambridge UK
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43
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Perkel JK, Bentzley BS, Andrzejewski ME, Martinetti MP. Delay discounting for sucrose in alcohol-preferring and nonpreferring rats using a sipper tube within-sessions task. Alcohol Clin Exp Res 2015; 39:232-8. [PMID: 25684046 DOI: 10.1111/acer.12632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2014] [Accepted: 11/10/2014] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Delay discounting (DD) is a measure of impulsivity that quantifies preference for a small reward delivered immediately over a large reward delivered after a delay. It has been hypothesized that impulsivity is an endophenotype associated with increased risk for development of alcohol use disorders (AUDs); however, a causal role of impulsivity is difficult to determine with human studies. We tested this hypothesis by assessing the degree of DD present in alcohol-naïve rats selectively bred for either high- or low-alcohol preference. METHODS A novel adaptation of a within-sessions DD procedure was used to compare impulsivity differences between male alcohol-preferring (P) and nonpreferring (NP) rat lines (n = 6 per line) using a 5% sucrose reward. Animals chose between 2 options: 2-second sipper tube access delivered immediately (small reward) or 8-second access after a variable delay (large reward). Each 50-minute session consisted of 5 blocks of ten 60-second trials. Within each session, the delay to the large reward increased in each block of trials. Delays were gradually increased over 3 sets to attain a final delay set of 3, 8, 15, 18, and 25 seconds. RESULTS Prior to starting delays, there were no significant differences between lines in sucrose consumption or percent choice for the large reward, and both lines exhibited a clear preference for the large reward. After delays were initiated, choice for the large reward decreased as the delay to its presentation increased. Although discounting of the large, delayed reward was observed for both lines, the degree of discounting, or "impulsivity," was greater for P rats compared with NP rats. CONCLUSIONS P rats are more impulsive for sucrose rewards before exposure to alcohol compared with NP rats. Thus, individuals genetically predisposed toward developing AUDs may be more likely to engage in impulsive decision making prior to alcohol exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica K Perkel
- Department of Neurosciences, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina
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44
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de Jong JW, Roelofs TJM, Mol FMU, Hillen AEJ, Meijboom KE, Luijendijk MCM, van der Eerden HAM, Garner KM, Vanderschuren LJMJ, Adan RAH. Reducing Ventral Tegmental Dopamine D2 Receptor Expression Selectively Boosts Incentive Motivation. Neuropsychopharmacology 2015; 40:2085-95. [PMID: 25735756 PMCID: PMC4613606 DOI: 10.1038/npp.2015.60] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2014] [Revised: 02/23/2015] [Accepted: 02/23/2015] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Altered mesolimbic dopamine signaling has been widely implicated in addictive behavior. For the most part, this work has focused on dopamine within the striatum, but there is emerging evidence for a role of the auto-inhibitory, somatodendritic dopamine D2 receptor (D2R) in the ventral tegmental area (VTA) in addiction. Thus, decreased midbrain D2R expression has been implicated in addiction in humans. Moreover, knockout of the gene encoding the D2R receptor (Drd2) in dopamine neurons has been shown to enhance the locomotor response to cocaine in mice. Therefore, we here tested the hypothesis that decreasing D2R expression in the VTA of adult rats, using shRNA knockdown, promotes addiction-like behavior in rats responding for cocaine or palatable food. Rats with decreased VTA D2R expression showed markedly increased motivation for both sucrose and cocaine under a progressive ratio schedule of reinforcement, but the acquisition or maintenance of cocaine self-administration were not affected. They also displayed enhanced cocaine-induced locomotor activity, but no change in basal locomotion. This robust increase in incentive motivation was behaviorally specific, as we did not observe any differences in fixed ratio responding, extinction responding, reinstatement or conditioned suppression of cocaine, and sucrose seeking. We conclude that VTA D2R knockdown results in increased incentive motivation, but does not directly promote other aspects of addiction-like behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johannes W de Jong
- Brain Center Rudolf Magnus, Department of Translational Neuroscience, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Theresia J M Roelofs
- Brain Center Rudolf Magnus, Department of Translational Neuroscience, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Frédérique M U Mol
- Brain Center Rudolf Magnus, Department of Translational Neuroscience, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Anne E J Hillen
- Brain Center Rudolf Magnus, Department of Translational Neuroscience, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Katharina E Meijboom
- Brain Center Rudolf Magnus, Department of Translational Neuroscience, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Mieneke C M Luijendijk
- Brain Center Rudolf Magnus, Department of Translational Neuroscience, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Harrie A M van der Eerden
- Brain Center Rudolf Magnus, Department of Translational Neuroscience, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Keith M Garner
- Brain Center Rudolf Magnus, Department of Translational Neuroscience, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Louk J M J Vanderschuren
- Brain Center Rudolf Magnus, Department of Translational Neuroscience, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands,Division of Behavioural Neuroscience, Department of Animals in Science and Society, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Roger A H Adan
- Brain Center Rudolf Magnus, Department of Translational Neuroscience, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands,Department Translational Neuroscience, Brain Center Rudolf Magnus, University Medical Center Utrecht, STR.4.205, Universiteitweg 100, 3584 CG Utrecht, The Netherlands, Tel: +887568517, E-mail:
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Mann K, Vollstädt-Klein S, Reinhard I, Leménager T, Fauth-Bühler M, Hermann D, Hoffmann S, Zimmermann US, Kiefer F, Heinz A, Smolka MN. Predicting naltrexone response in alcohol-dependent patients: the contribution of functional magnetic resonance imaging. Alcohol Clin Exp Res 2015; 38:2754-62. [PMID: 25421512 DOI: 10.1111/acer.12546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2014] [Accepted: 08/11/2014] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Effect sizes of pharmacotherapy in alcoholism are modest. They might improve if subjects could be divided into more homogeneous subgroups and would then be treated targeted to their neurobiological profile. In such an effort, we tested neural cue reactivity as a potential predictor of treatment response to naltrexone. Alcohol-associated cues cause brain activations in mesocorticolimbic networks due to the positive reinforcing properties of alcohol. These activations were reported to be associated with relapse behavior. Naltrexone, an antagonist at the mu-opioid receptor, improves drinking behavior in some but not all patients probably by blocking the positive reinforcement of alcohol. Conversely, acamprosate is proposed to modulate negative reinforcement (withdrawal and cue-induced withdrawal). Identifying subjects with elevated cue reactivity and testing their response to medical treatment could thus improve our understanding of some of the mechanisms underlying pharmacotherapy response. METHODS A picture-perception task featuring alcohol-related and neutral stimuli was presented to 64 recently detoxified alcohol-dependent patients. Patients came from 1 center of a larger double-blind randomized multicenter clinical trial (the "PREDICT Study"). They were scanned prior to being randomized to either naltrexone or acamprosate. We examined the interaction between medication and functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) cue reactivity, as measured by the percentage of voxels activated, using the time to the first severe relapse as the outcome criterion. Our a priori formulated hypothesis was that naltrexone but not acamprosate should be efficacious in subjects with high cue reactivity. RESULTS We observed an interaction effect between pretreatment brain activation induced by alcohol images and medication (acamprosate/naltrexone) on relapse behavior. In line with our hypothesis, this interaction was driven by treatment response to naltrexone in patients with elevated pretreatment cue reactivity in the ventral striatum. CONCLUSIONS fMRI has the potential for predicting treatment response to naltrexone in a subgroup of alcohol-dependent patients. However, this approach will be limited to researching the mechanisms and principles of treatment response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karl Mann
- Department of Addictive Behavior and Addiction Medicine, Central Institute of Mental Health, Mannheim, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Germany
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Norbury A, Husain M. Sensation-seeking: Dopaminergic modulation and risk for psychopathology. Behav Brain Res 2015; 288:79-93. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2015.04.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2014] [Revised: 04/06/2015] [Accepted: 04/10/2015] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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Norbury A, Kurth-Nelson Z, Winston JS, Roiser JP, Husain M. Dopamine Regulates Approach-Avoidance in Human Sensation-Seeking. Int J Neuropsychopharmacol 2015; 18:pyv041. [PMID: 25857822 PMCID: PMC4648156 DOI: 10.1093/ijnp/pyv041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2014] [Accepted: 04/03/2015] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sensation-seeking is a trait that constitutes an important vulnerability factor for a variety of psychopathologies with high social cost. However, little is understood either about the mechanisms underlying motivation for intense sensory experiences or their neuropharmacological modulation in humans. METHODS Here, we first evaluate a novel paradigm to investigate sensation-seeking in humans. This test probes the extent to which participants choose either to avoid or self-administer an intense tactile stimulus (mild electric stimulation) orthogonal to performance on a simple economic decision-making task. Next we investigate in a different set of participants whether this behavior is sensitive to manipulation of dopamine D2 receptors using a within-subjects, placebo-controlled, double-blind design. RESULTS In both samples, individuals with higher self-reported sensation-seeking chose a greater proportion of mild electric stimulation-associated stimuli, even when this involved sacrifice of monetary gain. Computational modelling analysis determined that people who assigned an additional positive economic value to mild electric stimulation-associated stimuli exhibited speeding of responses when choosing these stimuli. In contrast, those who assigned a negative value exhibited slowed responses. These findings are consistent with involvement of low-level, approach-avoidance processes. Furthermore, the D2 antagonist haloperidol selectively decreased the additional economic value assigned to mild electric stimulation-associated stimuli in individuals who showed approach reactions to these stimuli under normal conditions (behavioral high-sensation seekers). CONCLUSIONS These findings provide the first direct evidence of sensation-seeking behavior being driven by an approach-avoidance-like mechanism, modulated by dopamine, in humans. They provide a framework for investigation of psychopathologies for which extreme sensation-seeking constitutes a vulnerability factor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agnes Norbury
- Institute of Cognitive Neuroscience (Ms Norbury and Drs Winston and Roiser), Wellcome Trust Centre for Neuroimaging (Drs Kurth-Nelson and Winston), Max Plank-UCL Centre for Computational Psychiatry and Ageing (Dr Kurth-Nelson), University College London, London, United Kingdom; Department of Experimental Psychology and Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom (Professor Husain).
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Wittmann BC, D'Esposito M. Levodopa administration modulates striatal processing of punishment-associated items in healthy participants. Psychopharmacology (Berl) 2015; 232:135-44. [PMID: 24923987 PMCID: PMC4265314 DOI: 10.1007/s00213-014-3646-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2013] [Accepted: 05/28/2014] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
RATIONALE Appetitive and aversive processes share a number of features such as their relevance for action and learning. On a neural level, reward and its predictors are associated with increased firing of dopaminergic neurons, whereas punishment processing has been linked to the serotonergic system and to decreases in dopamine transmission. Recent data indicate, however, that the dopaminergic system also responds to aversive stimuli and associated actions. OBJECTIVES In this pharmacological functional magnetic resonance imaging study, we investigated the contribution of the dopaminergic system to reward and punishment processing in humans. METHODS Two groups of participants received either placebo or the dopamine precursor levodopa and were scanned during alternating reward and punishment anticipation blocks. RESULTS Levodopa administration increased striatal activations for cues presented in punishment blocks. In an interaction with individual personality scores, levodopa also enhanced striatal activation for punishment-predictive compared with neutral cues in participants scoring higher on the novelty-seeking dimension. CONCLUSIONS These data support recent indications that dopamine contributes to punishment processing and suggest that the novelty-seeking trait is a measure of susceptibility to drug effects on motivation. These findings are also consistent with the possibility of an inverted U-shaped response function of dopamine in the striatum, suggesting an optimal level of dopamine release for motivational processing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bianca C Wittmann
- Helen Wills Neuroscience Institute, University of California, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA,
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Potvin S, Tikàsz A, Dinh-Williams LLA, Bourque J, Mendrek A. Cigarette Cravings, Impulsivity, and the Brain. Front Psychiatry 2015; 6:125. [PMID: 26441686 PMCID: PMC4562259 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2015.00125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2015] [Accepted: 08/26/2015] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Craving is a core feature of tobacco use disorder as well as a significant predictor of smoking relapse. Studies have shown that appetitive smoking-related stimuli (e.g., someone smoking) trigger significant cravings in smokers impede their self-control capacities and promote drug seeking behavior. In this review, we begin by an overview of functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) studies investigating the neural correlates of smokers to appetitive smoking cues. The literature reveals a complex and vastly distributed neuronal network underlying smokers' craving response that recruits regions involved in self-referential processing, planning/regulatory processes, emotional responding, attentional biases, and automatic conducts. We then selectively review important factors contributing to the heterogeneity of results that significantly limit the implications of these findings, namely between- (abstinence, smoking expectancies, and self-regulation) and within-studies factors (severity of smoking dependence, sex-differences, motivation to quit, and genetic factors). Remarkably, we found that little to no attention has been devoted to examine the influence of personality traits on the neural correlates of cigarette cravings in fMRI studies. Impulsivity has been linked with craving and relapse in substance and tobacco use, which prompted our research team to examine the influence of impulsivity on cigarette cravings in an fMRI study. We found that the influence of impulsivity on cigarette cravings was mediated by fronto-cingulate mechanisms. Given the high prevalence of cigarette smoking in several psychiatric disorders that are characterized by significant levels of impulsivity, we conclude by identifying psychiatric patients as a target population whose tobacco-smoking habits deserve further behavioral and neuro-imaging investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stéphane Potvin
- Centre de Recherche de l'Institut Universitaire en Santé Mentale de Montréal , Montreal, QC , Canada ; Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Montreal , Montreal, QC , Canada
| | - Andràs Tikàsz
- Centre de Recherche de l'Institut Universitaire en Santé Mentale de Montréal , Montreal, QC , Canada ; Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Montreal , Montreal, QC , Canada
| | | | - Josiane Bourque
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Montreal , Montreal, QC , Canada ; Centre de Recherche de l'Hôpital Sainte-Justine , Montreal, QC , Canada
| | - Adrianna Mendrek
- Centre de Recherche de l'Institut Universitaire en Santé Mentale de Montréal , Montreal, QC , Canada ; Department of Psychology, Bishop's University , Lennoxville, QC , Canada
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Abstract
Neuroimaging studies have made a significant contribution to the efforts to identify measurable indices, or biomarkers, of addictions and their treatments. Biomarkers in addiction treatment are needed to provide targets for treatment, detect treatment subgroups, predict treatment response, and broadly improve outcomes. Neuroimaging is important to biomarkers research as it relates neural circuits to both molecular mechanisms and behavior. A focus of recent efforts in neuroimaging in addiction has been to elucidate the neural correlates associated with dimensions of functioning in substance-use and related disorders, such as cue-reactivity, impulsivity, and cognitive control, among others. These dimensions of functioning have been related to addiction treatment outcomes and relapse, and therefore, a better understanding of these dimensions and their neural correlates may help to identify brain-behavior biomarkers of treatment response. This paper reviews recent neuroimaging studies that report potential biomarkers in addiction treatment related to cue-reactivity, impulsivity, and cognitive control, as well as recent advances in neuroimaging that may facilitate efforts to determine reliable biomarkers. This important initial work has begun to identify possible mediators and moderators of treatment response, and multiple promising indices are being tested.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathleen A. Garrison
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, 1 Church Street, Room 730, New Haven, CT 06510, USA
| | - Marc N. Potenza
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, 1 Church Street, Room 730, New Haven, CT 06510, USA,Department of Neurobiology and Child Study Center, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
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