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Friske MM, Torrico EC, Haas MJW, Borruto AM, Giannone F, Hade AC, Yu Y, Gao L, Sutherland GT, Hitzemann R, Philips MA, Fei SS, Sommer WH, Mayfield RD, Spanagel R. A systematic review and meta-analysis on the transcriptomic signatures in alcohol use disorder. Mol Psychiatry 2025; 30:310-326. [PMID: 39242950 PMCID: PMC11649567 DOI: 10.1038/s41380-024-02719-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2024] [Revised: 08/20/2024] [Accepted: 08/22/2024] [Indexed: 09/09/2024]
Abstract
Currently available clinical treatments on alcohol use disorder (AUD) exhibit limited efficacy and new druggable targets are required. One promising approach to discover new molecular treatment targets involves the transcriptomic profiling of brain regions within the addiction neurocircuitry, utilizing animal models and postmortem brain tissue from deceased patients with AUD. Unfortunately, such studies suffer from large heterogeneity and small sample sizes. To address these limitations, we conducted a cross-species meta-analysis on transcriptome-wide data obtained from brain tissue of patients with AUD and animal models. We integrated 36 cross-species transcriptome-wide RNA-expression datasets with an alcohol-dependent phenotype vs. controls, following the PRISMA guidelines. In total, we meta-analyzed 964 samples - 502 samples from the prefrontal cortex (PFC), 282 nucleus accumbens (NAc) samples, and 180 from amygdala (AMY). The PFC had the highest number of differentially expressed genes (DEGs) across rodents, monkeys, and humans. Commonly dysregulated DEGs suggest conserved cross-species mechanisms for chronic alcohol consumption/AUD comprising MAPKs as well as STAT, IRF7, and TNF. Furthermore, we identified numerous unique gene sets that might contribute individually to these conserved mechanisms and also suggest novel molecular aspects of AUD. Validation of the transcriptomic alterations on the protein level revealed interesting targets for further investigation. Finally, we identified a combination of DEGs that are commonly regulated across different brain tissues as potential biomarkers for AUD. In summary, we provide a compendium of genes that are assessable via a shiny app, and describe signaling pathways, and physiological and cellular processes that are altered in AUD that require future studies for functional validation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marion M Friske
- Institute of Psychopharmacology, Central Institute of Mental Health, Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany.
- Waggoner Center for Alcohol and Addiction Research and the Department of Neuroscience, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA.
| | - Eva C Torrico
- Institute of Psychopharmacology, Central Institute of Mental Health, Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Maximilian J W Haas
- Institute of Psychopharmacology, Central Institute of Mental Health, Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Anna M Borruto
- Institute of Psychopharmacology, Central Institute of Mental Health, Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Francesco Giannone
- Institute of Psychopharmacology, Central Institute of Mental Health, Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Andreas-Christian Hade
- Department of Pathological Anatomy and Forensic Medicine, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
- Forensic Medical Examination Department, Estonian Forensic Science Institute, Tallinn, Estonia
| | - Yun Yu
- Bioinformatics & Biostatistics Core, Oregon National Primate Research Center, Oregon Health & Science University West Campus, Portland, OR, USA
| | - Lina Gao
- Bioinformatics & Biostatistics Core, Oregon National Primate Research Center, Oregon Health & Science University West Campus, Portland, OR, USA
| | - Greg T Sutherland
- New South Wales Tissue Resource Center, University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW, Australia
| | - Robert Hitzemann
- Department of Behavioral Neuroscience, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA
| | - Mari-Anne Philips
- Department of Physiology, Institute of Biomedicine and Translational Medicine, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Suzanne S Fei
- Bioinformatics & Biostatistics Core, Oregon National Primate Research Center, Oregon Health & Science University West Campus, Portland, OR, USA
| | - Wolfgang H Sommer
- Bethania Hospital for Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, Greifswald, Germany
- German Center for Mental Health (DZPG), Partner Site Mannheim-Heidelberg-Ulm, Mannheim, Germany
| | - R Dayne Mayfield
- Waggoner Center for Alcohol and Addiction Research and the Department of Neuroscience, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA
| | - Rainer Spanagel
- Institute of Psychopharmacology, Central Institute of Mental Health, Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany.
- German Center for Mental Health (DZPG), Partner Site Mannheim-Heidelberg-Ulm, Mannheim, Germany.
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Lopez AG, Chirasani VR, Balan I, O’Buckley TK, Adelman MR, Morrow AL. Novel Inhibitory Actions of Neuroactive Steroid [3α,5α]-3-Hydroxypregnan-20-One on Toll-like Receptor 4-Dependent Neuroimmune Signaling. Biomolecules 2024; 14:1441. [PMID: 39595617 PMCID: PMC11591752 DOI: 10.3390/biom14111441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2024] [Revised: 11/06/2024] [Accepted: 11/08/2024] [Indexed: 11/28/2024] Open
Abstract
The endogenous neurosteroid (3α,5α)-3-hydroxypregnan-20-one (3α,5α-THP) modulates inflammatory and neuroinflammatory signaling through toll-like receptors (TLRs) in human and mouse macrophages, human blood cells and alcohol-preferring (P) rat brains. Although it is recognized that 3α,5α-THP inhibits TLR4 activation by blocking interactions with MD2 and MyD88, the comprehensive molecular mechanisms remain to be elucidated. This study explores additional TLR4 activation sites, including TIRAP binding to MyD88, which is pivotal for MyD88 myddosome formation, as well as LPS interactions with the TLR4:MD2 complex. Both male and female P rats (n = 8/group) received intraperitoneal administration of 3α,5α-THP (15 mg/kg; 30 min) or a vehicle control, and their hippocampi were analyzed using immunoprecipitation and immunoblotting techniques. 3α,5α-THP significantly reduces the levels of inflammatory mediators IL-1β and HMGB1, confirming its anti-inflammatory actions. We found that MyD88 binds to TLR4, IRAK4, IRAK1, and TIRAP. Notably, 3α,5α-THP significantly reduces MyD88-TIRAP binding (Males: -31 ± 9%, t-test, p < 0.005; Females: -53 ± 15%, t-test, p < 0.005), without altering MyD88 interactions with IRAK4 or IRAK1, or the baseline expression of these proteins. Additionally, molecular docking and molecular dynamic analysis revealed 3α,5α-THP binding sites on the TLR4:MD2 complex, targeting a hydrophobic pocket of MD2 usually occupied by Lipid A of LPS. Surface plasmon resonance (SPR) assays validated that 3α,5α-THP disrupts MD2 binding of Lipid A (Kd = 4.36 ± 5.7 μM) with an inhibition constant (Ki) of 4.5 ± 1.65 nM. These findings indicate that 3α,5α-THP inhibition of inflammatory mediator production involves blocking critical protein-lipid and protein-protein interactions at key sites of TLR4 activation, shedding light on its mechanisms of action and underscoring its therapeutic potential against TLR4-driven inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alejandro G. Lopez
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA; (A.G.L.); (V.R.C.)
- Bowles Center for Alcohol Studies, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, 3027 Thurston Bowles Bldg., CB 7178, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Venkat R. Chirasani
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA; (A.G.L.); (V.R.C.)
- R. L. Juliano Structural Bioinformatics Core, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Irina Balan
- Bowles Center for Alcohol Studies, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, 3027 Thurston Bowles Bldg., CB 7178, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Todd K. O’Buckley
- Bowles Center for Alcohol Studies, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, 3027 Thurston Bowles Bldg., CB 7178, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Makayla R. Adelman
- Bowles Center for Alcohol Studies, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, 3027 Thurston Bowles Bldg., CB 7178, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - A. Leslie Morrow
- Bowles Center for Alcohol Studies, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, 3027 Thurston Bowles Bldg., CB 7178, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
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Clark SL, Hartwell EE, Choi DS, Krystal JH, Messing RO, Ferguson LB. Next-generation biomarkers for alcohol consumption and alcohol use disorder diagnosis, prognosis, and treatment: A critical review. ALCOHOL, CLINICAL & EXPERIMENTAL RESEARCH 2024. [PMID: 39532676 DOI: 10.1111/acer.15476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2024] [Revised: 10/04/2024] [Accepted: 10/14/2024] [Indexed: 11/16/2024]
Abstract
This critical review summarizes the current state of omics-based biomarkers in the alcohol research field. We first provide definitions and background information on alcohol and alcohol use disorder (AUD), biomarkers, and "omic" technologies. We next summarize using (1) genetic information as risk/prognostic biomarkers for the onset of alcohol-related problems and the progression from regular drinking to problematic drinking (including AUD), (2) epigenetic information as diagnostic biomarkers for AUD and risk biomarkers for alcohol consumption, (3) transcriptomic information as diagnostic biomarkers for AUD, risk biomarkers for alcohol consumption, and (4) metabolomic information as diagnostic biomarkers for AUD, risk biomarkers for alcohol consumption, and predictive biomarkers for response to acamprosate in subjects with AUD. In the final section, the clinical implications of the findings are discussed, and recommendations are made for future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaunna L Clark
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, USA
| | - Emily E Hartwell
- Mental Illness Research, Education and Clinical Center, Crescenz Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Center for Studies of Addiction, Perelman School of Medicine of the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Doo-Sup Choi
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine and Science, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychology, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine and Science, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
- Neuroscience Program, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine and Science, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - John H Krystal
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Robert O Messing
- Waggoner Center for Alcohol and Addiction Research, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas, USA
- Department of Neurology, Dell Medical School, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas, USA
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas, USA
| | - Laura B Ferguson
- Waggoner Center for Alcohol and Addiction Research, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas, USA
- Department of Neurology, Dell Medical School, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas, USA
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas, USA
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Prokopieva VD, Vetlugina TP, Epimakhova EV, Boiko AS, Bokhan NA. Association of Peripheral Markers of Oxidative Stress with Clinical Parameters and Inflammatory Factors in Alcoholic Patients. BIOCHEMISTRY. BIOKHIMIIA 2024; 89:1904-1910. [PMID: 39647819 DOI: 10.1134/s000629792411004x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2024] [Revised: 07/26/2024] [Accepted: 08/24/2024] [Indexed: 12/10/2024]
Abstract
One of the fundamental problems in studying addiction is elucidation of mechanisms of alcohol dependence (AD) development. Disturbances of cellular redox balance and inflammation play an important role in AD pathogenesis. Deciphering associations between biological and clinical indicators can elucidate molecular mechanisms of disease pathogenesis. The aim of the work was to study peripheral markers of oxidative stress in patients with AD during early abstinence period and to identify their relationship with clinical parameters of the disease and inflammatory factors. In total, 84 patients with AD were studied (average age, 44.3 ± 8.2 years). The analyzed clinical parameters included patient's age, age of alcohol withdrawal syndrome (AWS) formation, disease duration, and AWS duration. The markers of oxidative stress determined in the blood plasma were oxidation products of proteins (protein carbonyls, PCs), lipids (thiobarbituric acid-reactive products, TBA-RPs), and DNA (8-hydroxy-2'-deoxyguanosine, 8-OH-dG). The content of inflammatory mediators, such as proinflammatory cytokines (IFNγ, IL-1β, IL-6, IL-8, IL-17A, TNFα) was determined in the blood serum. Blood samples of 80 conditionally healthy men (average age, 40.9 ± 9.6 years) were used as a control. Patients with AD demonstrated an increase in the content of PCs, TBA-RPs, and all analyzed cytokines (but not 8-OH-dG) compared to the control individuals. There was a direct correlation between the TBA-RP content and disease duration and inverse correlation of the PC content with the age of AWS formation and AWS duration. The content of PCs demonstrated an inverse correlation with the IL-6 concentration in the blood plasma. We also observed a positive correlation between 8-OH-dG and IL-6, TBA-RPs and IL-8, and TBA-RPs and TNFα. Therefore, the early abstinence period in patients with AD was characterized by a pronounced oxidative stress and inflammation. The obtained results expand the knowledge on the integrative contribution of oxidative stress and inflammatory factors to the AD pathogenesis and can be used in the development of new therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valentina D Prokopieva
- Mental Health Research Institute, Tomsk National Research Medical Center, Russian Academy of Sciences, Tomsk, 634014, Russia.
| | - Tamara P Vetlugina
- Mental Health Research Institute, Tomsk National Research Medical Center, Russian Academy of Sciences, Tomsk, 634014, Russia
| | - Elena V Epimakhova
- Mental Health Research Institute, Tomsk National Research Medical Center, Russian Academy of Sciences, Tomsk, 634014, Russia
| | - Anastasiya S Boiko
- Mental Health Research Institute, Tomsk National Research Medical Center, Russian Academy of Sciences, Tomsk, 634014, Russia
| | - Nikolay A Bokhan
- Mental Health Research Institute, Tomsk National Research Medical Center, Russian Academy of Sciences, Tomsk, 634014, Russia
- Tomsk State University, Tomsk, 634050, Russia
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Airapetov MI, Eresko SO, Shamaeva SA, Bychkov ER, Lebedev AA, Shabanov PD. Study of Neuroinflammation in the Rat Hippocampus during Ethanol Exposure and Pharmacological Correction with Azithromycin: New Data and Future Perspectives. BIOCHEMISTRY. BIOKHIMIIA 2024; 89:1911-1921. [PMID: 39647820 DOI: 10.1134/s0006297924110051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2024] [Revised: 07/07/2024] [Accepted: 10/09/2024] [Indexed: 12/10/2024]
Abstract
With prolonged ethanol ingestion, disturbances in the emotional spectrum develop, and memory problems are noted. These symptoms could be mediated by the development of neurochemical changes in the hippocampus of the brain. Although there is evidence that hippocampus is vulnerable to chronic alcohol intoxication and that neuroinflammation and neurodegeneration develop in this brain region, the key molecular mechanisms have not been identified. The aim of the study was to investigate changes in the immune system in the periphery as well as in the hippocampus of rat brain during ethanol exposure and during pharmacological correction with azithromycin (AZM). Long-term ethanol exposure was modeled by injecting rats with a 20% ethanol solution (4 g/kg) for 4 weeks. General biochemical and clinical blood analysis was performed in animals. Expression levels of the cytokine genes (Il1β, Ccl2, Il6, Il11, Il13, Tnfα, Tgfβ), Toll-like receptor system genes (Tlr3, Tl4, Tlr7, Nfkb1, Hmgb1), and TLR system-related microRNA molecules (miR-182, miR-155-5p, miR-96-5p, miR-let-7b) were evaluated in the hippocampus. IL-1β protein content was also assessed in the hippocampus. Prolonged exposure to alcohol caused increase in the mRNA and protein levels of IL-1β, and decrease in the mRNA levels of Tnfα, Il11, Tlr3, and Tlr7. The contents of miRlet7b, miR96, and miR155 were downregulated in the hippocampus after long-term alcohol exposure. Elevated levels of THE Il1β mRNA and protein and Hmgb1 mRNA were maintained under conditions of ethanol abstinence. The Tlr3 mRNA levels were decreased after abstinence. Administration of AZM reduced the IL1β, TLR3, and HMGB1 mRNA levels under conditions of ethanol abstinence; and at higher doses of the drug decrease in the IL-1β protein levels in the hippocampus of rat brain was observed. Thus, the study provided new insights into the mechanisms of neuroinflammation in the hippocampus during prolonged exposure to ethanol and upon abstinence. The obtained results allowed us to suggest a number of tasks for further studies in this direction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marat I Airapetov
- Institute of Experimental Medicine, St. Petersburg, 197376, Russia.
- Military medical academy of S. M. Kirov, St. Petersburg, 194044, Russia
| | - Sergei O Eresko
- Institute of Experimental Medicine, St. Petersburg, 197376, Russia
- Saint-Petersburg National Research University of Information Technologies, Mechanics and Optics, St. Petersburg, 197022, Russia
| | | | | | - Andrei A Lebedev
- Institute of Experimental Medicine, St. Petersburg, 197376, Russia
| | - Petr D Shabanov
- Institute of Experimental Medicine, St. Petersburg, 197376, Russia
- Military medical academy of S. M. Kirov, St. Petersburg, 194044, Russia
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Yang Y, Rao T, Wei S, Cheng J, Zhan Y, Lin T, Chen J, Zhong X, Jiang Y, Yang S. Role of inflammatory cytokines and the gut microbiome in vascular dementia: insights from Mendelian randomization analysis. Front Microbiol 2024; 15:1398618. [PMID: 39247699 PMCID: PMC11380139 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2024.1398618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2024] [Accepted: 07/10/2024] [Indexed: 09/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Both inflammatory cytokines and the gut microbiome are susceptibility factors for vascular dementia (VaD). The trends in the overall changes in the dynamics of inflammatory cytokines and in the composition of the gut microbiome are influenced by a variety of factors, making it difficult to fully explain the different effects of both on the different subtypes of VaD. Therefore, this Mendelian randomization (MR) study identified the inflammatory cytokines and gut microbiome members that influence the risk of developing VaD and their causal effects, and investigated whether inflammatory cytokines are gut microbiome mediators affecting VaD. Methods We obtained pooled genome-wide association study (GWAS) data for 196 gut microbiota and 41 inflammatory cytokines and used GWAS data for six VaD subtypes, namely, VaD (mixed), VaD (multiple infarctions), VaD (other), VaD (subcortical), VaD (sudden onset), and VaD (undefined). We used the inverse-variance weighted (IVW) method as the primary MR analysis method. We conducted sensitivity analyses and reverse MR analyses to examine reverse causal associations, enhancing the reliability and stability of the conclusions. Finally, we used multivariable MR (MVMR) analysis to assess the direct causal effects of inflammatory cytokines and the gut microbiome on the risk of VaD, and performed mediation MR analysis to explore whether inflammatory factors were potential mediators. Results Our two-sample MR study revealed relationships between the risk of six VaD subtypes and inflammatory cytokines and the gut microbiota: 7 inflammatory cytokines and 14 gut microbiota constituents were positively correlated with increased VaD subtype risk, while 2 inflammatory cytokines and 11 gut microbiota constituents were negatively correlated with decreased VaD subtype risk. After Bonferroni correction, interleukin-18 was correlated with an increased risk of VaD (multiple infarctions); macrophage migration inhibitory factor was correlated with an increased risk of VaD (sudden onset); interleukin-4 was correlated with a decreased risk of VaD (other); Ruminiclostridium 6 and Bacillales were positively and negatively correlated with the risk of VaD (undefined), respectively; Negativicutes and Selenomonadales were correlated with a decreased risk of VaD (mixed); and Melainabacteria was correlated with an increased risk of VaD (multiple infarctions). Sensitivity analyses revealed no multilevel effects or heterogeneity and no inverse causality between VaD and inflammatory cytokines or the gut microbiota. The MVMR results further confirmed that the causal effects of Negativicutes, Selenomonadales, and Melainabacteria on VaD remain significant. Mediation MR analysis showed that inflammatory cytokines were not potential mediators. Conclusion This study helps us to better understand the pathological mechanisms of VaD and suggests the potential value of targeting increases or decreases in inflammatory cytokines and gut microbiome members for VaD prevention and intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yihan Yang
- The Institution of Rehabilitation Industry, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, China
| | - Ting Rao
- The Institution of Rehabilitation Industry, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, China
- Fujian Rehabilitation Hospital, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine Subsidiary Rehabilitation Hospital, Fuzhou, China
| | - Sheng Wei
- Department of General Practice, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Wannan Medical College, Anhui, China
| | - Jing Cheng
- Fujian Rehabilitation Hospital, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine Subsidiary Rehabilitation Hospital, Fuzhou, China
| | - Ying Zhan
- The Institution of Rehabilitation Industry, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, China
| | - Teng Lin
- The First Clinical Medical College, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, China
| | - Jincheng Chen
- The Institution of Rehabilitation Industry, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, China
- Fujian Rehabilitation Hospital, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine Subsidiary Rehabilitation Hospital, Fuzhou, China
| | - Xiaoling Zhong
- Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine, The Second Clinical School of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yijing Jiang
- Fujian Rehabilitation Hospital, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine Subsidiary Rehabilitation Hospital, Fuzhou, China
| | - Shanli Yang
- Fujian Rehabilitation Hospital, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine Subsidiary Rehabilitation Hospital, Fuzhou, China
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González-Portilla M, Montagud-Romero S, Mellado S, de Fonseca FR, Pascual M, Rodríguez-Arias M. Region-Specific Gene Expression Changes Associated with Oleoylethanolamide-Induced Attenuation of Alcohol Self-Administration. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:9002. [PMID: 39201687 PMCID: PMC11354326 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25169002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2024] [Revised: 08/10/2024] [Accepted: 08/17/2024] [Indexed: 09/03/2024] Open
Abstract
Oleoylethanolamide (OEA) is a lipid with anti-inflammatory activity that modulates multiple reward-related behaviors. Previous studies have shown that OEA treatment reduces alcohol self-administration (SA) while inhibiting alcohol-induced inflammatory signaling. Nevertheless, the specific mechanisms that OEA targets to achieve these effects have not been widely explored. Here, we tested the effects of OEA treatment during alcohol SA, extinction or previous to cue-induced reinstatement of alcohol seeking. In addition, we measured gene expression changes in the striatum and hippocampus of relevant receptors for alcohol consumption (Drd1, Drd2, Cnr1, Oprm) as well as immune-related proteins (Il-6, Il-1β, Tlr4) and the brain-derived neurotrophic factor (Bdnf). Our results confirmed that when administered contingently, systemic OEA administration reduced alcohol SA and attenuated cue-induced reinstatement. Interestingly, we also observed that OEA treatment reduced the number of sessions needed for the extinction of alcohol seeking. Biochemical analyses showed that OEA induced gene expression changes in dopamine and cannabinoid receptors in the striatum and hippocampus. In addition, OEA treatment modulated the long-term immune response and increased Bdnf expression. These results suggest that boosting OEA levels may be an effective strategy for reducing alcohol SA and preventing relapse.
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Affiliation(s)
- Macarena González-Portilla
- Department of Psychobiology, Faculty of Psychology, Universitat de València, Avda. Blasco Ibáñez 21, 46010 Valencia, Spain; (M.G.-P.); (S.M.-R.)
| | - Sandra Montagud-Romero
- Department of Psychobiology, Faculty of Psychology, Universitat de València, Avda. Blasco Ibáñez 21, 46010 Valencia, Spain; (M.G.-P.); (S.M.-R.)
| | - Susana Mellado
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Universitat de Valencia, Avda. Blasco Ibáñez 15, 46010 Valencia, Spain; (S.M.); (M.P.)
| | - Fernando Rodríguez de Fonseca
- Mental Health Clinical Management Unit, Institute of Biomedical Research of Malaga-IBIMA, Regional University Hospital of Málaga, 29010 Málaga, Spain;
- Atención Primaria, Cronicidad y Promoción de la Salud, Red de Investigación en Atención Primaria de Adicciones (RIAPAD) Rd21/0009/0005/0003, Valencia, Spain
| | - María Pascual
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Universitat de Valencia, Avda. Blasco Ibáñez 15, 46010 Valencia, Spain; (S.M.); (M.P.)
| | - Marta Rodríguez-Arias
- Department of Psychobiology, Faculty of Psychology, Universitat de València, Avda. Blasco Ibáñez 21, 46010 Valencia, Spain; (M.G.-P.); (S.M.-R.)
- Atención Primaria, Cronicidad y Promoción de la Salud, Red de Investigación en Atención Primaria de Adicciones (RIAPAD) Rd21/0009/0005/0003, Valencia, Spain
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Crews FT, Coleman LG, Macht VA, Vetreno RP. Alcohol, HMGB1, and Innate Immune Signaling in the Brain. Alcohol Res 2024; 44:04. [PMID: 39135668 PMCID: PMC11318841 DOI: 10.35946/arcr.v44.1.04] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/15/2024] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Binge drinking (i.e., consuming enough alcohol to achieve a blood ethanol concentration of 80 mg/dL, approximately 4-5 drinks within 2 hours), particularly in early adolescence, can promote progressive increases in alcohol drinking and alcohol-related problems that develop into compulsive use in the chronic relapsing disease, alcohol use disorder (AUD). Over the past decade, neuroimmune signaling has been discovered to contribute to alcohol-induced changes in drinking, mood, and neurodegeneration. This review presents a mechanistic hypothesis supporting high mobility group box protein 1 (HMGB1) and Toll-like receptor (TLR) signaling as key elements of alcohol-induced neuroimmune signaling across glia and neurons, which shifts gene transcription and synapses, altering neuronal networks that contribute to the development of AUD. This hypothesis may help guide further research on prevention and treatment. SEARCH METHODS The authors used the search terms "HMGB1 protein," "alcohol," and "brain" across PubMed, Scopus, and Embase to find articles published between 1991 and 2023. SEARCH RESULTS The database search found 54 references in PubMed, 47 in Scopus, and 105 in Embase. A total of about 100 articles were included. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSIONS In the brain, immune signaling molecules play a role in normal development that differs from their functions in inflammation and the immune response, although cellular receptors and signaling are shared. In adults, pro-inflammatory signals have emerged as contributing to brain adaptation in stress, depression, AUD, and neurodegenerative diseases. HMGB1, a cytokine-like signaling protein released from activated cells, including neurons, is hypothesized to activate pro-inflammatory signals through TLRs that contribute to adaptations to binge and chronic heavy drinking. HMGB1 alone and in heteromers with other molecules activates TLRs and other immune receptors that spread signaling across neurons and glia. Both blood and brain levels of HMGB1 increase with ethanol exposure. In rats, an adolescent intermittent ethanol (AIE) binge drinking model persistently increases brain HMGB1 and its receptors; alters microglia, forebrain cholinergic neurons, and neuronal networks; and increases alcohol drinking and anxiety while disrupting cognition. Studies of human postmortem AUD brain have found elevated levels of HMGB1 and TLRs. These signals reduce cholinergic neurons, whereas microglia, the brain's immune cells, are activated by binge drinking. Microglia regulate synapses through complement proteins that can change networks affected by AIE that increase drinking, contributing to risks for AUD. Anti-inflammatory drugs, exercise, cholinesterase inhibitors, and histone deacetylase epigenetic inhibitors prevent and reverse the AIE-induced pathology. Further, HMGB1 antagonists and other anti-inflammatory treatments may provide new therapies for alcohol misuse and AUD. Collectively, these findings suggest that restoring the innate immune signaling balance is central to recovering from alcohol-related pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fulton T. Crews
- Bowles Center for Alcohol Studies, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
- Department of Pharmacology, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
- Department of Psychiatry, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - Leon G. Coleman
- Bowles Center for Alcohol Studies, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
- Department of Pharmacology, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - Victoria A. Macht
- Bowles Center for Alcohol Studies, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - Ryan P. Vetreno
- Bowles Center for Alcohol Studies, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
- Department of Psychiatry, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
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9
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Grodin EN, McManus KR, Ray LA. Examining the moderating role of cannabis use on the relationship between alcohol consumption and inflammation in individuals with alcohol use disorder. Addict Biol 2024; 29:e13431. [PMID: 39091190 PMCID: PMC11294675 DOI: 10.1111/adb.13431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2024] [Revised: 06/14/2024] [Accepted: 07/17/2024] [Indexed: 08/04/2024]
Abstract
Inflammation appears to be a critical mechanism in the development of alcohol use disorder (AUD) and a consequence of chronic alcohol use. The potential anti-inflammatory properties of cannabis may modulate the proinflammatory effects of alcohol. This study sought to extend previous work investigating the relationship between alcohol consumption, cannabis use and circulating interleukin (IL)-6 levels in a sample with AUD. One hundred and thirty-three individuals with an AUD provided blood samples to assess IL-6 and answered questions regarding alcohol and cannabis use. An ordinary least squares multiple regression analysis was conducted to assess the effect of alcohol and cannabis use on IL-6. A moderation analysis examined cannabis use as a potential moderator of the relationship between alcohol use and circulating IL-6 levels. Alcohol use was predictive of higher log IL-6 levels (standardized β = 0.16, p = 0.03), while cannabis use was not predictive of log IL-6 levels (p = 0.36). Days of cannabis use moderated the relationship between alcohol use and IL-6 levels, such that the relationship between alcohol use and IL-6 levels was only significant in individuals with AUD without recent cannabis use. This study extends previous work to a clinical sample with an AUD and underscores the importance of considering cannabis use in studies on alcohol use and inflammation. This study also indicates the need for in-depth analyses on cannabinoids and inflammation and the interaction between cannabinoids and alcohol use on inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erica N. Grodin
- Department of PsychologyUniversity of California, Los AngelesLos AngelesCaliforniaUSA
- Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral SciencesUniversity of California, Los AngelesLos AngelesCaliforniaUSA
- Cousins Center for PsychoneuroimmunologyUniversity of California, Los AngelesLos AngelesCaliforniaUSA
| | - Kaitlin R. McManus
- Department of PsychologyUniversity of California, Los AngelesLos AngelesCaliforniaUSA
| | - Lara A. Ray
- Department of PsychologyUniversity of California, Los AngelesLos AngelesCaliforniaUSA
- Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral SciencesUniversity of California, Los AngelesLos AngelesCaliforniaUSA
- Brain Research InstituteUniversity of California, Los AngelesLos AngelesCaliforniaUSA
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10
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Karatayev O, Collier AD, Targoff SR, Leibowitz SF. Neurological Disorders Induced by Drug Use: Effects of Adolescent and Embryonic Drug Exposure on Behavioral Neurodevelopment. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:8341. [PMID: 39125913 PMCID: PMC11313660 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25158341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2024] [Revised: 07/10/2024] [Accepted: 07/17/2024] [Indexed: 08/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Clinical studies demonstrate that the risk of developing neurological disorders is increased by overconsumption of the commonly used drugs, alcohol, nicotine and cannabis. These drug-induced neurological disorders, which include substance use disorder (SUD) and its co-occurring emotional conditions such as anxiety and depression, are observed not only in adults but also with drug use during adolescence and after prenatal exposure to these drugs, and they are accompanied by long-lasting disturbances in brain development. This report provides overviews of clinical and preclinical studies, which confirm these adverse effects in adolescents and the offspring prenatally exposed to the drugs and include a more in-depth description of specific neuronal systems, their neurocircuitry and molecular mechanisms, affected by drug exposure and of specific techniques used to determine if these effects in the brain are causally related to the behavioral disturbances. With analysis of further studies, this review then addresses four specific questions that are important for fully understanding the impact that drug use in young individuals can have on future pregnancies and their offspring. Evidence demonstrates that the adverse effects on their brain and behavior can occur: (1) at low doses with short periods of drug exposure during pregnancy; (2) after pre-conception drug use by both females and males; (3) in subsequent generations following the initial drug exposure; and (4) in a sex-dependent manner, with drug use producing a greater risk in females than males of developing SUDs with emotional conditions and female offspring after prenatal drug exposure responding more adversely than male offspring. With the recent rise in drug use by adolescents and pregnant women that has occurred in association with the legalization of cannabis and increased availability of vaping tools, these conclusions from the clinical and preclinical literature are particularly alarming and underscore the urgent need to educate young women and men about the possible harmful effects of early drug use and to seek novel therapeutic strategies that might help to limit drug use in young individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Sarah F. Leibowitz
- Laboratory of Behavioral Neurobiology, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY 10065, USA; (O.K.); (S.R.T.)
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11
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Wen W, Li H, Lauffer M, Hu D, Zhang Z, Lin H, Wang Y, Leidinger M, Luo J. Sex-specific effects of alcohol on neurobehavioral performance and endoplasmic reticulum stress: an analysis using neuron-specific MANF deficient mice. Front Pharmacol 2024; 15:1407576. [PMID: 39130640 PMCID: PMC11310019 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2024.1407576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2024] [Accepted: 07/09/2024] [Indexed: 08/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Excessive alcohol exposure can cause neurobehavioral deficits and structural alterations in the brain. Emerging research evidence suggests that endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress plays an important role in alcohol-induced neurotoxicity. Mesencephalic astrocyte-derived neurotrophic factor (MANF) is an ER stress inducible protein and is responsible to maintain ER homeostasis. MANF is highly expressed in both the developing and mature brain. We have previously shown that MANF deficiency exacerbated alcohol induced neurodegeneration and ER stress in the developing brain. However, little is known regarding the role of MANF in alcohol induced neuronal damage in the adult brain. In this study, we used a neuron-specific MANF knockout (KO) mouse model to investigate the effect of MANF deficiency on acute binge alcohol exposure-induced neurobehavioral deficits and ER stress. Adult male and female MANF KO mice and littermate controls received daily alcohol gavage (5 g/kg) for 10 days and then subjected to a battery of neurobehavioral tests including rotarods, balance beam, DigiGait, open field, elevated plus maze, Barnes maze, and three-chamber sociability task. Female MANF KO animals were more susceptible to alcohol-induced body weight loss. Alcohol exposure did not affect motor function, however female but not male MANF KO mice exhibited an increased locomotor activity in open field test. Learning and memory was not significantly impaired, but it was altered by MANF deficiency in females while it was affected by alcohol treatment in males. Both alcohol-exposed male and female MANF KO mice displayed increased sociability. Alcohol induced the expression of ER chaperones GRP78 and GRP94 and altered the levels of several unfolded protein response (UPR) and neuroinflammation markers in MANF KO mice in a sex-specific manner. The expression of MANF interacting proteins neuroplastin, PDIA1, and PDIA6 was increased in MANF KO mice, and was further induced by alcohol. In conclusion, alcohol exposure and neuronal MANF deficiency interacted to alter neurobehavioral outcomes, ER homeostasis and neuroinflammation in a sex-specific manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen Wen
- Department of Pathology, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, IA, United States
| | - Hui Li
- Department of Pathology, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, IA, United States
| | - Marisol Lauffer
- Neural Circuits and Behavior Core, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, IA, United States
| | - Di Hu
- Department of Pathology, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, IA, United States
| | - Zuohui Zhang
- Department of Pathology, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, IA, United States
| | - Hong Lin
- Department of Pathology, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, IA, United States
| | - Yongchao Wang
- Vanderbilt Memory and Alzheimer’s Center, Department of Neurology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, United States
| | - Mariah Leidinger
- Comparative Pathology Laboratory, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, IA, United States
| | - Jia Luo
- Department of Pathology, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, IA, United States
- Iowa City VA Health Care System, Iowa City, IA, United States
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12
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Morrow AL, McFarland MH, O'Buckley TK, Robinson DL. Emerging evidence for pregnane steroid therapeutics for alcohol use disorders. INTERNATIONAL REVIEW OF NEUROBIOLOGY 2024; 178:59-96. [PMID: 39523063 DOI: 10.1016/bs.irn.2024.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2024]
Abstract
Many lines of research have suggested that the neuroactive pregnane steroids, including pregnenolone, progesterone, and allopregnanolone ([3α,5α]-3-hydroxypregnan-20-one, 3α,5α-THP), have therapeutic potential for treatment of alcohol use disorders (AUDs). In this chapter, we systematically address the preclinical and clinical evidence that supports this approach for AUD treatment, describe the underlying neurobiology of AUDs that are targeted by these treatments, and delineate how pregnane steroids may address various components of the disease. This review updates the theoretical framework for understanding how endogenous steroids that modulate the effects of alcohol, stress, excitatory/inhibitory and dopamine transmission, and the innate immune system appear to play a key role in the prevention and mitigation of AUDs. We further discuss newly discovered limitations of pregnane steroid therapies as well as the challenges that are inherent to development of endogenous compounds for therapeutics. We argue that overcoming these challenges presents the opportunity to help millions who suffer from AUDs across the world.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Leslie Morrow
- Department of Psychiatry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC, United States; Department of Pharmacology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC, United States; Bowles Center for Alcohol Studies, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC, United States.
| | - Minna H McFarland
- Bowles Center for Alcohol Studies, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC, United States; Neuroscience Curriculum, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC, United States
| | - Todd K O'Buckley
- Bowles Center for Alcohol Studies, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC, United States
| | - Donita L Robinson
- Department of Psychiatry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC, United States; Bowles Center for Alcohol Studies, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC, United States
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13
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Wang T, Tyler RE, Ilaka O, Cooper D, Farokhnia M, Leggio L. The crosstalk between fibroblast growth factor 21 (FGF21) system and substance use. iScience 2024; 27:110389. [PMID: 39055947 PMCID: PMC11269927 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2024.110389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Existing literature indicates that communication between the central nervous system and the peripheral nervous system is disrupted by substance use disorders (SUDs), including alcohol use disorder (AUD). Fibroblast growth factor 21 (FGF21), a liver-brain axis hormone governing energy homeostasis, has been shown to modulate alcohol intake/preference and other substances. To further elucidate the relationship between FGF21, alcohol use, and other substance use, we conducted a scoping review to explore the association between FGF21 and SUDs. Increases in FGF21 reduce alcohol consumption while suppressing FGF21 increases alcohol consumption, demonstrating an inverse relationship. Alcohol elevates FGF21 levels primarily via the liver, subsequently promoting neuronal signals to curb alcohol intake. FGF21 activation engages molecular pathways that defend against alcohol-induced fat accumulation, oxidative stress, and inflammation. Considering the bidirectional association between FGF21 and alcohol, further studies on the FGF21 system as a potential pharmacotherapy for AUD and alcohol-associated liver disease are warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tammy Wang
- Clinical Psychoneuroendocrinology and Neuropsychopharmacology Section, Translational Addiction Medicine Branch, National Institute on Drug Abuse Intramural Research Program and National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism Division of Intramural Clinical and Biological Research, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Frank H. Netter MD School of Medicine at Quinnipiac University, North Haven, CT, USA
| | - Ryan E. Tyler
- Clinical Psychoneuroendocrinology and Neuropsychopharmacology Section, Translational Addiction Medicine Branch, National Institute on Drug Abuse Intramural Research Program and National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism Division of Intramural Clinical and Biological Research, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Oyenike Ilaka
- Clinical Psychoneuroendocrinology and Neuropsychopharmacology Section, Translational Addiction Medicine Branch, National Institute on Drug Abuse Intramural Research Program and National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism Division of Intramural Clinical and Biological Research, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Albany Medical College, Albany, NY, USA
| | - Diane Cooper
- National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Mehdi Farokhnia
- Clinical Psychoneuroendocrinology and Neuropsychopharmacology Section, Translational Addiction Medicine Branch, National Institute on Drug Abuse Intramural Research Program and National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism Division of Intramural Clinical and Biological Research, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Lorenzo Leggio
- Clinical Psychoneuroendocrinology and Neuropsychopharmacology Section, Translational Addiction Medicine Branch, National Institute on Drug Abuse Intramural Research Program and National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism Division of Intramural Clinical and Biological Research, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
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14
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James BC, Cox AJ, Lewohl JM. Current trends in the role of neuroinflammation & α-synuclein in alcohol use disorder: A systematic quantitative literature review. ALCOHOL, CLINICAL & EXPERIMENTAL RESEARCH 2024; 48:1209-1220. [PMID: 38724887 DOI: 10.1111/acer.15340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2023] [Revised: 04/16/2024] [Accepted: 04/17/2024] [Indexed: 07/11/2024]
Abstract
The neurodegenerative effects alcohol use disorder (AUD) have been well characterized and are likely due to the long-term effects of alcohol on the brain. The molecular events that underlie regional neuronal loss are a focus of current research. Chronic inflammation in the central nervous system, termed neuroinflammation, contributes to the progressive loss of neurons in the brain. Using data from genome-wide association studies and genetic and gene expression data, α-synuclein was identified as a gene of interest for AUD almost 10 years ago. Despite this and the well-recognized role of α-synuclein in mediating neuroinflammation in other neurodegenerative diseases, its role in alcohol-induced brain damage and AUD is yet to be elucidated. This systematic literature review quantifies and analyzes relationships between AUD, α-synuclein, and neuroinflammation. The review identified fewer studies focused on the role in AUD of α-synuclein (30) than on neuroinflammation (177), with published studies heavily centered on the myeloid differentiation primary response 88 (MyD88)-dependent toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) pathway. The systematic review revealed that no original literature investigates the roles of α-synuclein and neuroinflammation in AUD and that there are significantly fewer published articles on the role of α-synuclein in AUD than in other neuroinflammatory conditions. Studies of the role of neuroinflammation in AUD are largely centered on the TLR4 signaling cascade, followed by TLR2 and TLR3, and soluble cytokines such as IL-10, IL-1β, and TNF-α. Key research themes identified in other neurodegenerative disorders provide new insights for further investigation in AUD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brandon C James
- School of Pharmacy and Medical Sciences, Griffith University, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Amanda J Cox
- School of Pharmacy and Medical Sciences, Griffith University, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Joanne M Lewohl
- School of Pharmacy and Medical Sciences, Griffith University, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
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15
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Soares AR, Garcia-Rivas V, Fai C, Thomas MA, Zheng X, Picciotto MR, Mineur YS. Role of microglia in stress-induced alcohol intake in female and male mice. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.06.05.597614. [PMID: 38895217 PMCID: PMC11185719 DOI: 10.1101/2024.06.05.597614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/21/2024]
Abstract
Rates of alcohol use disorder (AUD) have escalated in recent years, with a particular increase among women. Women are more susceptible to stress-induced alcohol drinking, and preclinical data suggest that stress can increase alcohol intake in female rodents; however, a comprehensive understanding of sex-specific neurobiological substrates underlying this phenomenon is still emerging. Microglia, the resident macrophages of the brain, are essential for reshaping neuronal processes, and microglial activity contributes to overall neuronal plasticity. We investigated microglial dynamics and morphology in limbic brain structures of male and female mice following exposure to stress, alcohol or both challenges. In a modified paradigm of intermittent binge drinking (repeated "drinking in the dark"), we determined that female, but not male, mice increased their alcohol consumption after exposure to a physical stressor and re-exposure trials in the stress-paired context. Ethanol (EtOH) drinking and stress altered a number of microglial parameters, including overall number, in subregions of the amygdala and hippocampus, with effects that were somewhat more pronounced in female mice. We used the CSF1R antagonist PLX3397 to deplete microglia in female mice to determine whether microglia contribute to stress-induced escalation of EtOH intake. We observed that microglial depletion attenuated stress-induced alcohol intake with no effect in the unstressed group. These findings suggest that microglial activity can contribute to alcohol intake under stressful conditions, and highlight the importance of evaluating sex-specific mechanisms that could result in tailored interventions for AUD in women.
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16
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Soares AR, Picciotto MR. Nicotinic regulation of microglia: potential contributions to addiction. J Neural Transm (Vienna) 2024; 131:425-435. [PMID: 37778006 PMCID: PMC11189589 DOI: 10.1007/s00702-023-02703-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2023] [Accepted: 09/22/2023] [Indexed: 10/03/2023]
Abstract
Clinical and preclinical studies have identified immunosuppressive effects of nicotine, with potential implications for treating nicotine addiction. Here we review how nicotine can regulate microglia, the resident macrophages in the brain, and corresponding effects of nicotine on neuroimmune signaling. There is significant evidence that activation of α7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs) on microglia can trigger an anti-inflammatory cascade that alters microglial polarization and activity, cytokine release, and intracellular calcium concentrations, leading to neuroprotection. These anti-inflammatory effects of nicotine-dependent α7 nAChR signaling are lost during withdrawal, suggesting that neuroimmune signaling is potentiated during abstinence, and thus, heightened microglial activity may drive circuit disruption that contributes to withdrawal symptoms and hyperkatifeia. In sum, the clinical literature has highlighted immunomodulatory effects of nicotine and the potential for anti-inflammatory compounds to treat addiction. The preclinical literature investigating the underlying mechanisms points to a role of microglial engagement in the circuit dysregulation and behavioral changes that occur during nicotine addiction and withdrawal, driven, at least in part, by activation of α7 nAChRs on microglia. Specifically targeting microglial signaling may help alleviate withdrawal symptoms in people with nicotine dependence and help to promote abstinence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexa R Soares
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University, 34 Park Street-3rd floor Research, New Haven, CT, 06508, USA
- Interdepartmental Neuroscience Program, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, 06508, USA
| | - Marina R Picciotto
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University, 34 Park Street-3rd floor Research, New Haven, CT, 06508, USA.
- Interdepartmental Neuroscience Program, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, 06508, USA.
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17
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Balan I, Boero G, Chéry SL, McFarland MH, Lopez AG, Morrow AL. Neuroactive Steroids, Toll-like Receptors, and Neuroimmune Regulation: Insights into Their Impact on Neuropsychiatric Disorders. Life (Basel) 2024; 14:582. [PMID: 38792602 PMCID: PMC11122352 DOI: 10.3390/life14050582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2024] [Revised: 04/18/2024] [Accepted: 04/28/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Pregnane neuroactive steroids, notably allopregnanolone and pregnenolone, exhibit efficacy in mitigating inflammatory signals triggered by toll-like receptor (TLR) activation, thus attenuating the production of inflammatory factors. Clinical studies highlight their therapeutic potential, particularly in conditions like postpartum depression (PPD), where the FDA-approved compound brexanolone, an intravenous formulation of allopregnanolone, effectively suppresses TLR-mediated inflammatory pathways, predicting symptom improvement. Additionally, pregnane neurosteroids exhibit trophic and anti-inflammatory properties, stimulating the production of vital trophic proteins and anti-inflammatory factors. Androstane neuroactive steroids, including estrogens and androgens, along with dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA), display diverse effects on TLR expression and activation. Notably, androstenediol (ADIOL), an androstane neurosteroid, emerges as a potent anti-inflammatory agent, promising for therapeutic interventions. The dysregulation of immune responses via TLR signaling alongside reduced levels of endogenous neurosteroids significantly contributes to symptom severity across various neuropsychiatric disorders. Neuroactive steroids, such as allopregnanolone, demonstrate efficacy in alleviating symptoms of various neuropsychiatric disorders and modulating neuroimmune responses, offering potential intervention avenues. This review emphasizes the significant therapeutic potential of neuroactive steroids in modulating TLR signaling pathways, particularly in addressing inflammatory processes associated with neuropsychiatric disorders. It advances our understanding of the complex interplay between neuroactive steroids and immune responses, paving the way for personalized treatment strategies tailored to individual needs and providing insights for future research aimed at unraveling the intricacies of neuropsychiatric disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irina Balan
- Bowles Center for Alcohol Studies, School of Medicine, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA; (I.B.); (S.L.C.); (M.H.M.); (A.G.L.)
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Giorgia Boero
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA;
| | - Samantha Lucenell Chéry
- Bowles Center for Alcohol Studies, School of Medicine, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA; (I.B.); (S.L.C.); (M.H.M.); (A.G.L.)
- Neuroscience Curriculum, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Minna H. McFarland
- Bowles Center for Alcohol Studies, School of Medicine, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA; (I.B.); (S.L.C.); (M.H.M.); (A.G.L.)
- Neuroscience Curriculum, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Alejandro G. Lopez
- Bowles Center for Alcohol Studies, School of Medicine, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA; (I.B.); (S.L.C.); (M.H.M.); (A.G.L.)
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - A. Leslie Morrow
- Bowles Center for Alcohol Studies, School of Medicine, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA; (I.B.); (S.L.C.); (M.H.M.); (A.G.L.)
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
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18
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Belelli D, Riva A, Nutt DJ. Reducing the harms of alcohol: nutritional interventions and functional alcohol alternatives. INTERNATIONAL REVIEW OF NEUROBIOLOGY 2024; 175:241-276. [PMID: 38555118 DOI: 10.1016/bs.irn.2024.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/02/2024]
Abstract
The health risks and harm associated with regular alcohol consumption are well documented. In a recent WHO statement published in The Lancet Public Health alcohol consumption has been estimated to contribute worldwide to 3 million deaths in 2016 while also being responsible for 5·1% of the global burden of disease and injury. The total elimination of alcohol consumption, which has been long imbedded in human culture and society, is not practical and prohibition policies have proved historically ineffective. However, valuable strategies to reduce alcohol harms are already available and improved alternative approaches are currently being developed. Here, we will review and discuss recent advances on two main types of approaches, that is nutritional interventions and functional alcohol alternatives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Delia Belelli
- GABALabs Res. Senior Scientific Consultant, United Kingdom
| | - Antonio Riva
- Roger Williams Institute of Hepatology (Foundation for Liver Research), London; Faculty of Life Sciences & Medicine, King's College London, London
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19
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Aliakbarshirazi S, Ghobeira R, Asadian M, Narimisa M, Nikiforov A, De Baere I, Van Paepegem W, De Geyter N, Declercq H, Morent R. Advanced Hollow Cathode Discharge Plasma Treatment of Unique Bilayered Fibrous Nerve Guidance Conduits for Enhanced/Oriented Neurite Outgrowth. Biomacromolecules 2024; 25:1448-1467. [PMID: 38412382 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.3c00976] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/29/2024]
Abstract
Despite all recent progresses in nerve tissue engineering, critical-sized nerve defects are still extremely challenging to repair. Therefore, this study targets the bridging of critical nerve defects and promoting an oriented neuronal outgrowth by engineering innovative nerve guidance conduits (NGCs) synergistically possessing exclusive topographical, chemical, and mechanical cues. To do so, a mechanically adequate mixture of polycaprolactone (PCL) and polylactic-co-glycolic acid (PLGA) was first carefully selected as base material to electrospin nanofibrous NGCs simulating the extracellular matrix. The electrospinning process was performed using a newly designed 2-pole air gap collector that leads to a one-step deposition of seamless NGCs having a bilayered architecture with an inner wall composed of highly aligned fibers and an outer wall consisting of randomly oriented fibers. This architecture is envisaged to afford guidance cues for the extension of long neurites on the underlying inner fiber alignment and to concurrently provide a sufficient nutrient supply through the pores of the outer random fibers. The surface chemistry of the NGCs was then modified making use of a hollow cathode discharge (HCD) plasma reactor purposely designed to allow an effective penetration of the reactive species into the NGCs to eventually treat their inner wall. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) results have indeed revealed a successful O2 plasma modification of the inner wall that exhibited a significantly increased oxygen content (24 → 28%), which led to an enhanced surface wettability. The treatment increased the surface nanoroughness of the fibers forming the NGCs as a result of an etching effect. This effect reduced the ultimate tensile strength of the NGCs while preserving their high flexibility. Finally, pheochromocytoma (PC12) cells were cultured on the NGCs to monitor their ability to extend neurites which is the base of a good nerve regeneration. In addition to remarkably improved cell adhesion and proliferation on the plasma-treated NGCs, an outstanding neural differentiation occurred. In fact, PC12 cells seeded on the treated samples extended numerous long neurites eventually establishing a neural network-like morphology with an overall neurite direction following the alignment of the underlying fibers. Overall, PCL/PLGA NGCs electrospun using the 2-pole air gap collector and O2 plasma-treated using an HCD reactor are promising candidates toward a full repair of critical nerve damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheida Aliakbarshirazi
- Research Unit Plasma Technology (RUPT), Department of Applied Physics, Faculty of Engineering and Architecture, Ghent University, Sint-Pietersnieuwstraat 41 B4, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Rouba Ghobeira
- Research Unit Plasma Technology (RUPT), Department of Applied Physics, Faculty of Engineering and Architecture, Ghent University, Sint-Pietersnieuwstraat 41 B4, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Mahtab Asadian
- Research Unit Plasma Technology (RUPT), Department of Applied Physics, Faculty of Engineering and Architecture, Ghent University, Sint-Pietersnieuwstraat 41 B4, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Mehrnoush Narimisa
- Research Unit Plasma Technology (RUPT), Department of Applied Physics, Faculty of Engineering and Architecture, Ghent University, Sint-Pietersnieuwstraat 41 B4, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Anton Nikiforov
- Research Unit Plasma Technology (RUPT), Department of Applied Physics, Faculty of Engineering and Architecture, Ghent University, Sint-Pietersnieuwstraat 41 B4, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Ives De Baere
- Mechanics of Materials and Structures (MMS), Department of Materials, Textiles and Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Architecture, Ghent University, Technologiepark-Zwijnaarde 903, 9052 Zwijnaarde, Belgium
| | - Wim Van Paepegem
- Mechanics of Materials and Structures (MMS), Department of Materials, Textiles and Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Architecture, Ghent University, Technologiepark-Zwijnaarde 903, 9052 Zwijnaarde, Belgium
| | - Nathalie De Geyter
- Research Unit Plasma Technology (RUPT), Department of Applied Physics, Faculty of Engineering and Architecture, Ghent University, Sint-Pietersnieuwstraat 41 B4, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Heidi Declercq
- Tissue Engineering Lab, Department of Development and Regeneration, Faculty of Medicine, KU Leuven Campus Kulak, Etienne Sabbelaan 53, 8500 Kortrijk, Belgium
| | - Rino Morent
- Research Unit Plasma Technology (RUPT), Department of Applied Physics, Faculty of Engineering and Architecture, Ghent University, Sint-Pietersnieuwstraat 41 B4, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
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20
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Liu R, Zhao B, Zhao J, Zhang M. Ethanol causes non-communicable disease through activation of NLRP3 inflammasome: a review on mechanism of action and potential interventions. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF DRUG AND ALCOHOL ABUSE 2024; 50:139-149. [PMID: 38237017 DOI: 10.1080/00952990.2023.2297349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2023] [Accepted: 12/16/2023] [Indexed: 04/28/2024]
Abstract
Background: Ethanol exposure has been suggested to be implicated in the initiation and progression of several non-communicable diseases (NCD), including neurological disorders, diabetes mellitus, alcoholic liver disease, gastric injury, pancreatitis, and atherosclerosis. Recent findings show that the NACHT, LRR, and PYD domains-containing protein 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome is involved in the progression of ethanol-induced NCDs.Objective: The aim of this review was to summarize the research progress on NCDs associated with the action of the NLRP3 inflammasome by ethanol and potential interventions, with a specific focus on preclinical literature.Methods: A literature search was conducted on PubMed using the keywords "[ethanol] and [NLRP3]" up until January 2023. Articles describing cases of NCDs caused by ethanol and associated with the NLRP3 inflammasome were included.Results: After removing duplicates, 35 articles were included in this review. These studies, mostly conducted in animals or in vitro, provide evidence that ethanol can contribute to the development of NCDs, such as neurological disorders, alcoholic liver disease, gastric injury, pancreatitis, and atherosclerosis, by activating the NLRP3 inflammasome. Ethanol exposure primarily triggers NLRP3 inflammasome activation by influencing the TRL/NF-κB, ROS-TXNIP-NLRP3 and P2X7 receptor (P2X7R) signaling pathways. Several natural extracts and compounds have been found to alleviate NCDs caused by ethanol consumption by inhibiting the activation of the NLRP3 inflammasome.Conclusion: Preclinical research supports a role for ethanol-induced NLRP3 inflammasome in the development of NCDs. However, the clinical relevance remains uncertain in the relative absence of clinical studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruizi Liu
- School of Clinical Medicine, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, Shandong Province, China
| | - Bin Zhao
- Hospital of Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, Shandong Province, China
| | - Jie Zhao
- Hospital of Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, Shandong Province, China
| | - Meng Zhang
- School of Clinical Medicine, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, Shandong Province, China
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21
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Grodin EN. Neuroimmune modulators as novel pharmacotherapies for substance use disorders. Brain Behav Immun Health 2024; 36:100744. [PMID: 38435721 PMCID: PMC10906159 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbih.2024.100744] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2023] [Revised: 12/20/2023] [Accepted: 02/20/2024] [Indexed: 03/05/2024] Open
Abstract
One promising avenue of research is the use of neuroimmune modulators to treat substance use disorders (SUDs). Neuroimmune modulators target the interactions between the nervous system and immune system, which have been found to play a crucial role in the development and maintenance of SUDs. Multiple classes of substances produce alterations to neuroimmune signaling and peripheral immune function, including alcohol, opioids, and psychostimulants Preclinical studies have shown that neuroimmune modulators can reduce drug-seeking behavior and prevent relapse in animal models of SUDs. Additionally, early-phase clinical trials have demonstrated the safety and feasibility of using neuroimmune modulators as a treatment for SUDs in humans. These therapeutics can be used as stand-alone treatments or as adjunctive. This review summarizes the current state of the field and provides future directions with a specific focus on personalized medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erica N. Grodin
- Department of Psychology, University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Cousins Center for Psychoneuroimmunology, University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
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22
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Selim MK, Harel M, De Santis S, Perini I, Sommer WH, Heilig M, Zangen A, Canals S. Repetitive deep TMS in alcohol dependent patients halts progression of white matter changes in early abstinence. Psychiatry Clin Neurosci 2024; 78:176-185. [PMID: 38085120 PMCID: PMC11488632 DOI: 10.1111/pcn.13624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2023] [Revised: 10/04/2023] [Accepted: 11/15/2023] [Indexed: 03/13/2024]
Abstract
AIM Alcohol use disorder (AUD) is the most prevalent form of addiction, with a great burden on society and limited treatment options. A recent clinical trial reported significant clinical benefits of deep transcranial magnetic stimulations (Deep TMS) targeting midline frontocortical areas. However, the underlying biological substrate remained elusive. Here, we report the effect of Deep TMS on the microstructure of white matter. METHODS A total of 37 (14 females) AUD treatment-seeking patients were randomized to sham or active Deep TMS. Twenty (six females) age-matched healthy controls were included. White matter integrity was evaluated by fractional anisotropy (FA). Secondary measures included brain functional connectivity and self-reports of craving and drinking units in the 3 months of follow-up period. RESULTS White matter integrity was compromised in patients with AUD relative to healthy controls, as reflected by the widespread reduction in FA. This alteration progressed during early abstinence (3 weeks) in the absence of Deep TMS. However, stimulation of midline frontocortical areas arrested the progression of FA changes in association with decreased craving and relapse scores. Reconstruction of axonal tracts from white-matter regions showing preserved FA values identified cortical regions in the posterior cingulate and dorsomedial prefrontal cortices where functional connectivity was persistently modulated. These effects were absent in the sham-stimulated group. CONCLUSIONS By integrating brain structure and function to characterize the alcohol-dependent brain, this study provides mechanistic insights into the TMS effect, pointing to myelin plasticity as a possible mediator.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed Kotb Selim
- Instituto de NeurocienciasConsejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC) and Universidad Miguel Hernández (UMH)Sant Joan d'AlacantSpain
| | - Maayan Harel
- Department of Life SciencesBen‐Gurion UniversityBeer ShevaIsrael
- Zlotowski Center for NeuroscienceBen‐Gurion UniversityBeer ShevaIsrael
| | - Silvia De Santis
- Instituto de NeurocienciasConsejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC) and Universidad Miguel Hernández (UMH)Sant Joan d'AlacantSpain
| | - Irene Perini
- Center for Social and Affective Neuroscience, Department of Biomedical and Clinical SciencesLinköping University HospitalLinköpingSweden
| | - Wolfgang H. Sommer
- Department of Addiction Medicine, Department of Clinical PsychologyMedical Faculty Mannheim, Central Institute of Mental Health, University of HeidelbergMannheimGermany
| | - Markus Heilig
- Center for Social and Affective Neuroscience, Department of Biomedical and Clinical SciencesLinköping University HospitalLinköpingSweden
| | - Abraham Zangen
- Department of Life SciencesBen‐Gurion UniversityBeer ShevaIsrael
- Zlotowski Center for NeuroscienceBen‐Gurion UniversityBeer ShevaIsrael
| | - Santiago Canals
- Instituto de NeurocienciasConsejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC) and Universidad Miguel Hernández (UMH)Sant Joan d'AlacantSpain
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23
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Morrow AL, Boero G, Balan I. Emerging evidence for endogenous neurosteroid modulation of pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory pathways that impact neuropsychiatric disease. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2024; 158:105558. [PMID: 38244954 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2024.105558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2023] [Revised: 12/01/2023] [Accepted: 01/16/2024] [Indexed: 01/22/2024]
Abstract
This mini-review presents emerging evidence that endogenous neurosteroids modulate both pro- and anti-inflammatory signaling by immune cells and brain cells that contribute to depression, alcohol use disorders, and other inflammatory conditions. We first review the literature on pregnenolone and allopregnanolone inhibition of proinflammatory neuroimmune pathways in the periphery and the brain - effects that are independent of GABAergic mechanisms. We follow with evidence for neurosteroid enhancement of anti-inflammatory and protective pathways in brain and immune cells. These studies draw clinical relevance from a large body of evidence that pro-inflammatory immune signaling is dysregulated in many brain disorders and the fact that neurosteroids inhibit the same inflammatory pathways that are activated in depression, alcohol use disorders and other inflammatory conditions. Thus, we describe evidence that neurosteroid levels are decreased and neurosteroid supplementation has therapeutic efficacy in these neuropsychiatric conditions. We conclude with a perspective that endogenous regulation of immune balance between pro- and anti-inflammatory pathways by neurosteroid signaling is essential to prevent the onset of disease. Deficits in neurosteroids may unleash excessive pro-inflammatory activation which progresses in a feed-forward manner to disrupt brain networks that regulate stress, emotion and motivation. Neurosteroids can block various inflammatory pathways in mouse and human macrophages, rat brain and human blood and therefore provide new hope for treatment of intractable conditions that involve excessive inflammatory signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Leslie Morrow
- Department of Psychiatry and Pharmacology, Bowles Center for Alcohol Studies, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA.
| | - Giorgia Boero
- Department of Psychiatry and Pharmacology, Bowles Center for Alcohol Studies, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Irina Balan
- Department of Psychiatry and Pharmacology, Bowles Center for Alcohol Studies, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
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24
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Mason BJ, Estey D, Roberts A, de Guglielmo G, George O, Light J, Stoolmiller M, Quello S, Skinner M, Shadan F, Begovic A, Kyle MC, Harris RA. A reverse translational study of PPAR-α agonist efficacy in human and rodent models relevant to alcohol use disorder. Neurobiol Stress 2024; 29:100604. [PMID: 38292518 PMCID: PMC10825428 DOI: 10.1016/j.ynstr.2023.100604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2023] [Revised: 12/01/2023] [Accepted: 12/24/2023] [Indexed: 02/01/2024] Open
Abstract
Alcohol Use Disorder (AUD) is a chronic relapsing disorder affecting an estimated 283 million individuals worldwide, with substantial health and economic consequences. Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARs), particularly PPAR-α and PPAR-γ, have shown promise in preclinical studies as potential therapeutic targets for AUD. In this human laboratory study, we aimed to translate preclinical findings on the PPAR-α agonist fenofibrate to a human population with current AUD. We hypothesized that, relative to placebo, fenofibrate at the highest FDA-approved dose of 145 mg/d would attenuate responsiveness to in vivo alcohol cues in the lab and reduce drinking under natural conditions. However, the results did not show significant differences in craving and alcohol consumption between the fenofibrate and placebo groups. Reverse translational studies in rodent models confirmed the lack of fenofibrate effect at human-equivalent doses. These findings suggest that inadequate translation of drug dose from rodents to humans may account for the lack of fenofibrate effects on alcohol craving and consumption in humans with AUD. The results highlight the need for new brain-penetrant PPAR-α agonists to adequately test the therapeutic potential of PPAR-α agonists for AUD, and the importance of reverse translational approaches and selection of human-equivalent doses in drug development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbara J. Mason
- Pearson Center for Alcohol and Addiction Research, Department of Molecular Medicine, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - David Estey
- Pearson Center for Alcohol and Addiction Research, Department of Molecular Medicine, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Amanda Roberts
- Pearson Center for Alcohol and Addiction Research, Department of Molecular Medicine, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Giordano de Guglielmo
- Pearson Center for Alcohol and Addiction Research, Department of Molecular Medicine, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Olivier George
- Pearson Center for Alcohol and Addiction Research, Department of Molecular Medicine, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - John Light
- Oregon Research Institute, Eugene, OR, USA
| | - Mike Stoolmiller
- Pearson Center for Alcohol and Addiction Research, Department of Molecular Medicine, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Susan Quello
- Pearson Center for Alcohol and Addiction Research, Department of Molecular Medicine, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Michael Skinner
- Pearson Center for Alcohol and Addiction Research, Department of Molecular Medicine, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Farhad Shadan
- Pearson Center for Alcohol and Addiction Research, Department of Molecular Medicine, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Adnan Begovic
- Pearson Center for Alcohol and Addiction Research, Department of Molecular Medicine, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Mark C. Kyle
- Pearson Center for Alcohol and Addiction Research, Department of Molecular Medicine, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - R. Adron Harris
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA
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25
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Rasool AE, Furlong T, Prasad AA. Microglia activity in the human basal ganglia is altered in alcohol use disorder and reversed with remission from alcohol. Addict Biol 2024; 29:e13374. [PMID: 38380734 PMCID: PMC10898843 DOI: 10.1111/adb.13374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2023] [Revised: 11/10/2023] [Accepted: 01/15/2024] [Indexed: 02/22/2024]
Abstract
Alcohol use disorder (AUD) is characterized by cycles of abuse, withdrawal, and relapse. Neuroadaptations in the basal ganglia are observed in AUD; specifically in the putamen, globus pallidus (GP), and ventral pallidum (VP). These regions are associated with habit formation, drug-seeking behaviors, and reward processing. While previous studies have shown the crucial role of glial cells in drug seeking, it remains unknown whether glial cells in the basal ganglia are altered in AUD. Glial cells in the putamen, GP, and VP were examined in human post-mortem tissue of AUD and alcohol remission cases. Immunohistochemistry was performed to analyze cell count, staining intensity, and morphology of microglia and astrocytes, using markers Iba-1 and GFAP. Morphological analysis revealed a significant decrease in microglia cell size and process retraction, indicating activation or a dystrophic microglia phenotype in individuals with AUD compared to controls. Microglia staining intensity was also higher in the GP and VP in AUD cases, whereas microglia staining intensity and cell size in remission cases were not different to control cases. In contrast, no astrocyte changes were observed in examined brain regions for both AUD and remission cases compared to controls. These results suggest alcohol exposure alters microglia, potentially contributing to dysfunctions in the basal ganglia that maintain addiction, and abstinence from alcohol may reverse microglia changes and associated dysfunctions. Overall, this study further characterizes AUD neuropathology and implicates microglia in the putamen, GP, and VP as a potential target for therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ameer Elena Rasool
- School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and HealthUniversity of SydneySydneyNew South WalesAustralia
| | - Teri Furlong
- School of MedicineUniversity of New SouthSydneyNew South WalesAustralia
| | - Asheeta A. Prasad
- School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and HealthUniversity of SydneySydneyNew South WalesAustralia
- School of PsychologyUniversity of New SouthSydneyNew South WalesAustralia
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26
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Secci ME, Kelley LK, Avegno EM, Holmgren EB, Chen L, Rein SL, Engi SA, Quinlan V, Wilson L, Gilpin NW, Wills TA. Adolescent Alcohol Exposure Produces Sex-Specific Long-term Hyperalgesia via Changes in Central Amygdala Circuit Function. Biol Psychiatry 2024; 95:207-219. [PMID: 37717844 PMCID: PMC10866691 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopsych.2023.09.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2023] [Revised: 08/31/2023] [Accepted: 09/04/2023] [Indexed: 09/19/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Exposure to alcohol during adolescence produces many effects that last well into adulthood. Acute alcohol use is analgesic, and people living with pain report drinking alcohol to reduce pain, but chronic alcohol use produces increases in pain sensitivity. METHODS We tested the acute and lasting effects of chronic adolescent intermittent ethanol (AIE) exposure on pain-related behavioral and brain changes in male and female rats. We also tested the long-term effects of AIE on synaptic transmission in midbrain (ventrolateral periaqueductal gray [vlPAG])-projecting central amygdala (CeA) neurons using whole-cell electrophysiology. Finally, we used circuit-based approaches (DREADDs [designer receptors exclusively activated by designer drugs]) to test the role of vlPAG-projecting CeA neurons in mediating AIE effects on pain-related outcomes. RESULTS AIE produced long-lasting hyperalgesia in male, but not female, rats. Similarly, AIE led to a reduction in synaptic strength of medial CeA cells that project to the vlPAG in male, but not female, rats. Challenge with an acute painful stimulus (i.e., formalin) in adulthood produced expected increases in pain reactivity, and this effect was exaggerated in male rats with a history of AIE. Finally, CeA-vlPAG circuit activation rescued AIE-induced hypersensitivity in male rats. CONCLUSIONS Our findings are the first, to our knowledge, to show long-lasting sex-dependent effects of adolescent alcohol exposure on pain-related behaviors and brain circuits in adult animals. This work has implications for understanding the long-term effects of underage alcohol drinking on pain-related behaviors in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria E Secci
- Department of Physiology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center School of Medicine, New Orleans, Louisiana
| | - Leslie K Kelley
- Department of Physiology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center School of Medicine, New Orleans, Louisiana
| | - Elizabeth M Avegno
- Department of Physiology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center School of Medicine, New Orleans, Louisiana; Alcohol and Drug Abuse Center of Excellence, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center School of Medicine, New Orleans, Louisiana
| | - Eleanor B Holmgren
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center School of Medicine, New Orleans, Louisiana
| | - Lily Chen
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center School of Medicine, New Orleans, Louisiana
| | - Sydney L Rein
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center School of Medicine, New Orleans, Louisiana
| | - Sheila A Engi
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center School of Medicine, New Orleans, Louisiana
| | - Virginia Quinlan
- Department of Physiology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center School of Medicine, New Orleans, Louisiana
| | - Lisa Wilson
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center School of Medicine, New Orleans, Louisiana
| | - Nicholas W Gilpin
- Department of Physiology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center School of Medicine, New Orleans, Louisiana; Neuroscience Center of Excellence, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center School of Medicine, New Orleans, Louisiana; Alcohol and Drug Abuse Center of Excellence, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center School of Medicine, New Orleans, Louisiana; Veterans Affairs Southeast Louisiana Healthcare System, New Orleans, Louisiana
| | - Tiffany A Wills
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center School of Medicine, New Orleans, Louisiana; Alcohol and Drug Abuse Center of Excellence, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center School of Medicine, New Orleans, Louisiana.
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27
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Vigorito M, Chang SL. Alcohol use and the pain system. ADVANCES IN DRUG AND ALCOHOL RESEARCH 2024; 4:12005. [PMID: 38389900 PMCID: PMC10880763 DOI: 10.3389/adar.2024.12005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2023] [Accepted: 01/12/2024] [Indexed: 02/24/2024]
Abstract
The World Health Organization's epidemiological data from 2016 revealed that while 57% of the global population aged 15 years or older had abstained from drinking alcohol in the previous year, more than half of the population in the Americas, Europe, and Western Pacific consumed alcohol. The spectrum of alcohol use behavior is broad: low-risk use (sensible and in moderation), at-risk use (e.g., binge drinking), harmful use (misuse) and dependence (alcoholism; addiction; alcohol use disorder). The at-risk use and misuse of alcohol is associated with the transition to dependence, as well as many damaging health outcomes and preventable causes of premature death. Recent conceptualizations of alcohol dependence posit that the subjective experience of pain may be a significant contributing factor in the transition across the spectrum of alcohol use behavior. This narrative review summarizes the effects of alcohol at all levels of the pain system. The pain system includes nociceptors as sensory indicators of potentially dangerous stimuli and tissue damage (nociception), spinal circuits mediating defensive reflexes, and most importantly, the supraspinal circuits mediating nocifensive behaviors and the perception of pain. Although the functional importance of pain is to protect from injury and further or future damage, chronic pain may emerge despite the recovery from, and absence of, biological damage (i.e., in the absence of nociception). Like other biological perceptual systems, pain is a construction contingent on sensory information and a history of individual experiences (i.e., learning and memory). Neuroadaptations and brain plasticity underlying learning and memory and other basic physiological functions can also result in pathological conditions such as chronic pain and addiction. Moreover, the negative affective/emotional aspect of pain perception provides embodied and motivational components that may play a substantial role in the transition from alcohol use to dependence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Vigorito
- Institute of NeuroImmune Pharmacology, Seton Hall University, South Orange, NJ, United States
| | - Sulie L Chang
- Institute of NeuroImmune Pharmacology, Seton Hall University, South Orange, NJ, United States
- Department of Biological Sciences, Seton Hall University, South Orange, NJ, United States
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28
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Tyler RE, Leggio L. Biological basis of addiction and alcohol use disorder. Clin Liver Dis (Hoboken) 2024; 23:e0177. [PMID: 38831763 PMCID: PMC11146604 DOI: 10.1097/cld.0000000000000177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2024] [Accepted: 04/01/2024] [Indexed: 06/05/2024] Open
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29
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Roberts A, Christian M, Dilone LN, Nelson N, Endrino MJ, Kneebone A, Embaby S, Fernandez J, Liu QR, Onaivi ES, Kibret BG. Alcohol induced behavioral and immune perturbations are attenuated by activation of CB2 cannabinoid receptors. ADVANCES IN DRUG AND ALCOHOL RESEARCH 2023; 3:11602. [PMID: 38389814 PMCID: PMC10880753 DOI: 10.3389/adar.2023.11602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2023] [Accepted: 12/04/2023] [Indexed: 02/24/2024]
Abstract
The endocannabinoidome (eCBome) is the expanded endocannabinoid system (ECS) and studies show that there is a link between this system and how it modulates alcohol induced neuroinflammation. Using conditional knockout (cKO) mice with selective deletion of cannabinoid type 2 receptors (CB2Rs) in dopamine neurons (DAT-Cnr2) and in microglia (Cx3Cr1-Cnr2), we investigated how CB2Rs modulate behavioral and neuroinflammation induced by alcohol. Behavioral tests including locomotor and wheel running activity, rotarod performance test, and alcohol preference tests were used to evaluate behavioral changes induced by alcohol. Using ELISA assay, we investigated the level of pro-inflammatory cytokines, tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin-6 (IL-6), interleukin-1α (IL-1α), and interleukin-1β (IL-1β) in the hippocampus of mice. The findings demonstrated that locomotor activity, wheel running, and rotarod performance activities were significantly affected by cell-type specific deletion of CB2Rs in dopamine neurons and microglia. The non-selective CB2R agonist, WIN 55,212-2, reduced alcohol preference in the wild type and cell-type specific CB2R cKO mice. In addition, the result showed that cell-type specific deletion of CB2Rs per se and administration of alcohol to CB2R cKO mice increased the expression of proinflammatory cytokines in the hippocampus. These findings suggest the involvement of CB2Rs in modulating behavioral and immune alterations induced by alcohol.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aaliyah Roberts
- Department of Biology, College of Science and Health, William Paterson University, Wayne, NJ, United States
| | - Mahli Christian
- Department of Biology, College of Science and Health, William Paterson University, Wayne, NJ, United States
| | - Lizbeth Nivar Dilone
- Department of Biology, College of Science and Health, William Paterson University, Wayne, NJ, United States
| | - Natania Nelson
- Department of Biology, College of Science and Health, William Paterson University, Wayne, NJ, United States
| | - Mark Joseph Endrino
- Department of Biology, College of Science and Health, William Paterson University, Wayne, NJ, United States
| | - Adam Kneebone
- Department of Biology, College of Science and Health, William Paterson University, Wayne, NJ, United States
| | - Shymaa Embaby
- Department of Biology, College of Science and Health, William Paterson University, Wayne, NJ, United States
| | - Justin Fernandez
- Department of Biology, College of Science and Health, William Paterson University, Wayne, NJ, United States
| | - Qing-Rong Liu
- Laboratory of Clinical Investigation, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Emmanuel S. Onaivi
- Department of Biology, College of Science and Health, William Paterson University, Wayne, NJ, United States
| | - Berhanu Geresu Kibret
- Department of Biology, College of Science and Health, William Paterson University, Wayne, NJ, United States
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30
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Chaturvedi A, Rao G, Praharaj SK, Guruprasad KP, Pais V, Sadacharan CM. Decreased expression of CD200 on peripheral blood leukocytes in alcohol dependence. Alcohol 2023; 113:21-25. [PMID: 37595696 DOI: 10.1016/j.alcohol.2023.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2023] [Revised: 08/08/2023] [Accepted: 08/14/2023] [Indexed: 08/20/2023]
Abstract
Chronic alcohol use induces innate immune genes, which activate the innate immune system. Neuroimmune regulatory proteins [e.g., Cluster of Differentiation 200 (CD200)] are immune response regulators and are involved in balancing the immune response. This study aimed to investigate the expression of CD200 on the surface of peripheral blood leukocytes in patients with alcohol use disorder and compare them with controls. Fifty male patients with alcohol use disorder were included in the study. A baseline assessment was done, and alcohol use history, craving, and withdrawal scores were collected. A 2-mL venous blood sample was collected from cases and controls for immunophenotyping of CD200. The control group consisted of 50 participants with similar socio-economic backgrounds. The cellular expression of CD200 on total leukocytes (median ± IQR) [39.94 (28.85, 50.01)] in cases was significantly lower compared to controls [45.07 (37.70, 51.69)] (U = 896, p = 0.015). Expression of CD200 on lymphocytes in cases was negatively correlated with years of heavy drinking and this was statistically significant (r = -0.321, p = 0.023). The study indicates that cellular expression of CD200 on the surface of peripheral blood leukocytes is reduced in alcohol-dependent patients. This reduction can contribute to exaggerated immune activity, release of pro-inflammatory cytokines, chronic microglial activation, neuroinflammation, and neurodegeneration in alcohol dependence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abhishek Chaturvedi
- Division of Biochemistry, Department of Basic Medical Sciences (DBMS), Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, 576104, India
| | - Guruprasad Rao
- Division of Biochemistry, Department of Basic Medical Sciences (DBMS), Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, 576104, India.
| | - Samir Kumar Praharaj
- Department of Psychiatry, Kasturba Medical College, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, 576104, India; Clinical Research Centre for Neuromodulation in Psychiatry, Department of Psychiatry, Kasturba Medical College, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, 576104, India.
| | - Kanive Parashiva Guruprasad
- Department of Ageing Research, Manipal School of Life Sciences ((MSLS), Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, 576104, India
| | - Vivek Pais
- Akhila Karnataka Jana Jagruthi Vedike, Shree Kshethra Dharmasthala Complex, Belthangady, 574214, Dakshina Kannada District, Karnataka, India
| | - Chakravarthy Marx Sadacharan
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Tilman J. Fertitta Family College of Medicine, University of Houston, 5055 Medical Circle, Houston, TX, 77204, United States
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Solomon OD, Villarreal P, Domingo ND, Ochoa L, Vanegas D, Cardona SM, Cardona AE, Stephens R, Vargas G. Dynamic intravital imaging reveals reactive vessel-associated microglia play a protective role in cerebral malaria coagulopathy. Sci Rep 2023; 13:19526. [PMID: 37945689 PMCID: PMC10636186 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-43208-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2023] [Accepted: 09/21/2023] [Indexed: 11/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Vascular congestion and coagulopathy have been shown to play a role in human and experimental cerebral malaria (eCM), but little is known about the role of microglia, or microglia-vascular interactions and hypercoagulation during disease progression in this fatal infection. Recent studies show microglia bind to fibrinogen, a glycoprotein involved in thrombosis. An eCM model of Plasmodium chabaudi infection in mice deficient in the regulatory cytokine IL-10 manifests neuropathology, including hypercoagulation with extensive fibrin(ogen) deposition and neuroinflammation. Intravital microscopy and immunofluorescence are applied to elucidate the role of microglia in eCM. Results show microgliosis and coagulopathy occur early in disease at 3 dpi (day post-infection), and both are exacerbated as disease progresses to 7dpi. Vessel associated microglia increase significantly at 7 dpi, and the expression of the microglial chemoattractant CCL5 (RANTES) is increased versus uninfected and localized with fibrin(ogen) in vessels. PLX3397 microglia depletion resulted in rapid behavioral decline, severe hypothermia, and greater increase in vascular coagulopathy. This study suggests that microglia play a prominent role in controlling infection-initiated coagulopathy and supports a model in which microglia play a protective role in cerebral malaria by migrating to and patrolling the cerebral vasculature, potentially regulating degree of coagulation during systemic inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olivia D Solomon
- The Institute for Translational Sciences, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, 77555, USA
- Biomedical Engineering and Imaging Sciences Group, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, 77555, USA
- Department of Neurobiology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, 77555, USA
| | - Paula Villarreal
- The Institute for Translational Sciences, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, 77555, USA
- Biomedical Engineering and Imaging Sciences Group, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, 77555, USA
- Department of Neurobiology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, 77555, USA
| | - Nadia D Domingo
- Center for Immunity and Inflammation, Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, Newark, NJ, 07103, USA
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, 77555, USA
| | - Lorenzo Ochoa
- Biomedical Engineering and Imaging Sciences Group, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, 77555, USA
- Department of Neurobiology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, 77555, USA
| | - Difernando Vanegas
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, University of Texas at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, 78249, USA
| | - Sandra M Cardona
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, University of Texas at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, 78249, USA
| | - Astrid E Cardona
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, University of Texas at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, 78249, USA
| | - Robin Stephens
- Center for Immunity and Inflammation, Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, Newark, NJ, 07103, USA.
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, 77555, USA.
- Department of Pharmacology, Physiology and Neuroscience, Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, Newark, NJ, 07103, USA.
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, 77555, USA.
| | - Gracie Vargas
- Biomedical Engineering and Imaging Sciences Group, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, 77555, USA.
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, 77555, USA.
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32
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Wooden JI, Peacoe LE, Anasooya Shaji C, Melbourne JK, Chandler CM, Bardo MT, Nixon K. Adolescent Intermittent Ethanol Drives Modest Neuroinflammation but Does Not Escalate Drinking in Male Rats. Cells 2023; 12:2572. [PMID: 37947650 PMCID: PMC10649200 DOI: 10.3390/cells12212572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2023] [Revised: 10/23/2023] [Accepted: 10/30/2023] [Indexed: 11/12/2023] Open
Abstract
During adolescence, the brain is highly susceptible to alcohol-induced damage and subsequent neuroimmune responses, effects which may enhance development of an alcohol use disorder (AUD). Neuroimmune reactions are implicated in adolescent alcohol exposure escalating adulthood drinking. Therefore, we investigated whether intermittent alcohol exposure in male, adolescent rats (AIE) escalated adult drinking via two-bottle choice (2BC). We also examined the influence of housing environment across three groups: standard (group-housed with enrichment during 2BC), impoverished (group-housed without enrichment during 2BC), or isolation (single-housed without bedding or enrichment throughout). In the standard group immediately after AIE/saline and after 2BC, we also examined the expression of microglial marker, Iba1, reactive astrocyte marker, vimentin, and neuronal cell death dye, FluoroJade B (FJB). We did not observe an escalation of adulthood drinking following AIE, regardless of housing condition. Further, only a modest neuroimmune response occurred after AIE in the standard group: no significant microglial reactivity or neuronal cell death was apparent using this model, although some astrocyte reactivity was detected in adolescence following AIE that resolved by adulthood. These data suggest that the lack of neuroimmune response in adolescence in this model may underlie the lack of escalation of alcohol drinking, which could not be modified through isolation stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica I. Wooden
- Division of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712, USA
| | - Lauren E. Peacoe
- Division of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712, USA
| | - Chinchusha Anasooya Shaji
- Division of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712, USA
| | - Jennifer K. Melbourne
- Division of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712, USA
| | - Cassie M. Chandler
- Department of Psychology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40506, USA (M.T.B.)
| | - Michael T. Bardo
- Department of Psychology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40506, USA (M.T.B.)
| | - Kimberly Nixon
- Division of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712, USA
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Steinfeld MR, Torregrossa MM. Consequences of adolescent drug use. Transl Psychiatry 2023; 13:313. [PMID: 37802983 PMCID: PMC10558564 DOI: 10.1038/s41398-023-02590-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2022] [Revised: 05/22/2023] [Accepted: 08/23/2023] [Indexed: 10/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Substance use in adolescence is a known risk factor for the development of neuropsychiatric and substance use disorders in adulthood. This is in part due to the fact that critical aspects of brain development occur during adolescence, which can be altered by drug use. Despite concerted efforts to educate youth about the potential negative consequences of substance use, initiation remains common amongst adolescents world-wide. Additionally, though there has been substantial research on the topic, many questions remain about the predictors and the consequences of adolescent drug use. In the following review, we will highlight some of the most recent literature on the neurobiological and behavioral effects of adolescent drug use in rodents, non-human primates, and humans, with a specific focus on alcohol, cannabis, nicotine, and the interactions between these substances. Overall, consumption of these substances during adolescence can produce long-lasting changes across a variety of structures and networks which can have enduring effects on behavior, emotion, and cognition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael R Steinfeld
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh, 450 Technology Drive, Pittsburgh, PA, 15219, USA.
- Center for Neuroscience, University of Pittsburgh, 4200 Fifth Ave, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213, USA.
| | - Mary M Torregrossa
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh, 450 Technology Drive, Pittsburgh, PA, 15219, USA
- Center for Neuroscience, University of Pittsburgh, 4200 Fifth Ave, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213, USA
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Gruol DL, Calderon D, Huitron-Resendiz S, Cates-Gatto C, Roberts AJ. Impact of Elevated Brain IL-6 in Transgenic Mice on the Behavioral and Neurochemical Consequences of Chronic Alcohol Exposure. Cells 2023; 12:2306. [PMID: 37759527 PMCID: PMC10527024 DOI: 10.3390/cells12182306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2023] [Revised: 08/30/2023] [Accepted: 08/31/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Alcohol consumption activates the neuroimmune system of the brain, a system in which brain astrocytes and microglia play dominant roles. These glial cells normally produce low levels of neuroimmune factors, which are important signaling factors and regulators of brain function. Alcohol activation of the neuroimmune system is known to dysregulate the production of neuroimmune factors, such as the cytokine IL-6, thereby changing the neuroimmune status of the brain, which could impact the actions of alcohol. The consequences of neuroimmune-alcohol interactions are not fully known. In the current studies we investigated this issue in transgenic (TG) mice with altered neuroimmune status relative to IL-6. The TG mice express elevated levels of astrocyte-produced IL-6, a condition known to occur with alcohol exposure. Standard behavioral tests of alcohol drinking and negative affect/emotionality were carried out in homozygous and heterozygous TG mice and control mice to assess the impact of neuroimmune status on the actions of chronic intermittent alcohol (ethanol) (CIE) exposure on these behaviors. The expressions of signal transduction and synaptic proteins were also assessed by Western blot to identify the impact of alcohol-neuroimmune interactions on brain neurochemistry. The results from these studies show that neuroimmune status with respect to IL-6 significantly impacts the effects of alcohol on multiple levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Donna L. Gruol
- Neuroscience Department, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Delilah Calderon
- Neuroscience Department, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | | | - Chelsea Cates-Gatto
- Animal Models Core Facility, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA (A.J.R.)
| | - Amanda J. Roberts
- Animal Models Core Facility, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA (A.J.R.)
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Wen W, Wang Y, Li H, Hu D, Zhang Z, Lin H, Luo J. Upregulation of mesencephalic astrocyte-derived neurotrophic factor (MANF) expression offers protection against alcohol neurotoxicity. J Neurochem 2023; 166:943-959. [PMID: 37507360 PMCID: PMC10906989 DOI: 10.1111/jnc.15921] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2023] [Revised: 07/05/2023] [Accepted: 07/06/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023]
Abstract
Alcohol exposure has detrimental effects on both the developing and mature brain. Endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress is one of the mechanisms that contributes to alcohol-induced neuronal damages. Mesencephalic astrocyte-derived neurotrophic factor (MANF) is an ER stress-responsive protein and is neuroprotective in multiple neuronal injury and neurodegenerative disease models. MANF deficiency has been shown to exacerbate alcohol-induced ER stress and neurodegeneration. However, it is unknown whether MANF supplement is sufficient to protect against alcohol neurotoxicity. Alcohol alters MANF expression in the brain, but the mechanisms underlying alcohol modulation of MANF expression remain unclear. This study was designed to determine how alcohol alters MANF expression in neuronal cells and whether exogeneous MANF can alleviate alcohol neurotoxicity. We showed that alcohol increased MANF transcription and secretion without affecting MANF mRNA stability and protein degradation. ER stress was necessary for alcohol-induced MANF upregulation, as pharmacological inhibition of ER stress by 4-PBA diminished alcohol-induced MANF expression. In addition, the presence of ER stress response element II (ERSE-II) was required for alcohol-stimulated MANF transcription. Mutations or deletion of this sequence abolished alcohol-regulated transcriptional activity. We generated MANF knockout (KO) neuronal cells using CRISPR/Cas9. MANF KO cells exhibited increased unfolded protein response (UPR) and were more susceptible to alcohol-induced cell death. On the other hand, MANF upregulation by the addition of recombinant MANF protein or adenovirus gene transduction protected neuronal cells against alcohol-induced cell death. Further studies using early postnatal mouse pups demonstrated that enhanced MANF expression in the brain by intracerebroventricular (ICV) injection of MANF adeno-associated viruses ameliorated alcohol-induced cell death. Thus, alcohol increased MANF expression through inducing ER stress, which could be a protective response. Exogenous MANF was able to protect against alcohol-induced neurodegeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen Wen
- Department of Pathology, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
| | - Yongchao Wang
- Vanderbilt Memory and Alzheimer’s Center, Department of Neurology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37372, USA
| | - Hui Li
- Department of Pathology, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
| | - Di Hu
- Department of Pathology, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
| | - Zuohui Zhang
- Department of Pathology, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
| | - Hong Lin
- Department of Pathology, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
| | - Jia Luo
- Department of Pathology, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
- VA Iowa City Health Care System, Iowa City, IA 52246, USA
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Seike T, Chen CH, Mochly-Rosen D. Impact of common ALDH2 inactivating mutation and alcohol consumption on Alzheimer's disease. Front Aging Neurosci 2023; 15:1223977. [PMID: 37693648 PMCID: PMC10483235 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2023.1223977] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2023] [Accepted: 08/07/2023] [Indexed: 09/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Aldehyde dehydrogenase 2 (ALDH2) is an enzyme found in the mitochondrial matrix that plays a central role in alcohol and aldehyde metabolism. A common ALDH2 polymorphism in East Asians descent (called ALDH2*2 or E504K missense variant, SNP ID: rs671), present in approximately 8% of the world's population, has been associated with a variety of diseases. Recent meta-analyses support the relationship between this ALDH2 polymorphism and Alzheimer's disease (AD). And AD-like pathology observed in ALDH2-/- null mice and ALDH2*2 overexpressing transgenic mice indicate that ALDH2 deficiency plays an important role in the pathogenesis of AD. Recently, the worldwide increase in alcohol consumption has drawn attention to the relationship between heavy alcohol consumption and AD. Of potential clinical significance, chronic administration of alcohol in ALDH2*2/*2 knock-in mice exacerbates the pathogenesis of AD-like symptoms. Therefore, ALDH2 polymorphism and alcohol consumption likely play an important role in the onset and progression of AD. Here, we review the data on the relationship between ALDH2 polymorphism, alcohol, and AD, and summarize what is currently known about the role of the common ALDH2 inactivating mutation, ALDH2*2, and alcohol in the onset and progression of AD.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Daria Mochly-Rosen
- Department of Chemical and Systems Biology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, United States
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37
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Niemelä O, Bloigu A, Bloigu R, Nivukoski U, Kultti J, Pohjasniemi H. Patterns of IgA Autoantibody Generation, Inflammatory Responses and Extracellular Matrix Metabolism in Patients with Alcohol Use Disorder. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:13124. [PMID: 37685930 PMCID: PMC10487441 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241713124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2023] [Revised: 08/17/2023] [Accepted: 08/21/2023] [Indexed: 09/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Recent data have emphasized the role of inflammation and intestinal immunoglobulin A (IgA) responses in the pathogenesis of alcoholic liver disease (ALD). In order to further explore such associations, we compared IgA titers against antigens targeted to ethanol metabolites and tissue transglutaminase with pro- and anti-inflammatory mediators of inflammation, markers of liver status, transferrin protein desialylation and extracellular matrix metabolism in alcohol-dependent patients with or without liver disease and in healthy controls. Serum IgAs against protein adducts with acetaldehyde (HbAch-IgA), the first metabolite of ethanol, and tissue transglutaminase (tTG-IgA), desialylated transferrin (CDT), pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines, markers of liver status (GT, ALP) and extracellular matrix metabolism (PIIINP, PINP, hyaluronic acid, ICTP and CTx) were measured in alcohol-dependent patients with (n = 83) or without (n = 105) liver disease and 88 healthy controls representing either moderate drinkers or abstainers. In ALD patients, both tTG-IgA and HbAch-IgA titers were significantly higher than those in the alcoholics without liver disease (p < 0.0005 for tTG-IgA, p = 0.006 for Hb-Ach-IgA) or in healthy controls (p < 0.0005 for both comparisons). The HbAch-IgA levels in the alcoholics without liver disease also exceeded those found in healthy controls (p = 0.0008). In ROC analyses, anti-tTG-antibodies showed an excellent discriminative value in differentiating between ALD patients and healthy controls (AUC = 0.95, p < 0.0005). Significant correlations emerged between tTG-IgAs and HbAch-IgAs (rs = 0.462, p < 0.0005), CDT (rs = 0.413, p < 0.0001), GT (rs = 0.487, p < 0.0001), alkaline phosphatase (rs = 0.466, p < 0.0001), serum markers of fibrogenesis: PIIINP (rs = 0.634, p < 0.0001), hyaluronic acid (rs = 0.575, p < 0.0001), ICTP (rs = 0.482, p < 0.0001), pro-inflammatory cytokines IL-6 (rs = 0.581, p < 0.0001), IL-8 (rs = 0.535, p < 0.0001) and TNF-α (rs = 0.591, p < 0.0001), whereas significant inverse correlations were observed with serum TGF-β (rs = -0.366, p < 0.0001) and CTx, a marker of collagen degradation (rs = -0.495, p < 0.0001). The data indicate that the induction of IgA immune responses toward ethanol metabolites and tissue transglutaminaseis a characteristic feature of patients with AUD and coincides with the activation of inflammation, extracellular matrix remodeling and the generation of aberrantly glycosylated proteins. These processes appear to work in concert in the sequence of events leading from heavy drinking to ALD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Onni Niemelä
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Medical Research Unit, Seinäjoki Central Hospital, 60220 Seinäjoki, Finland; (U.N.); (J.K.); (H.P.)
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, 33014 Tampere, Finland
| | - Aini Bloigu
- Research Unit of Population Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oulu, 90220 Oulu, Finland;
| | - Risto Bloigu
- Infrastructure of Population Studies, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oulu, 90220 Oulu, Finland;
| | - Ulla Nivukoski
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Medical Research Unit, Seinäjoki Central Hospital, 60220 Seinäjoki, Finland; (U.N.); (J.K.); (H.P.)
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, 33014 Tampere, Finland
| | - Johanna Kultti
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Medical Research Unit, Seinäjoki Central Hospital, 60220 Seinäjoki, Finland; (U.N.); (J.K.); (H.P.)
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, 33014 Tampere, Finland
| | - Heidi Pohjasniemi
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Medical Research Unit, Seinäjoki Central Hospital, 60220 Seinäjoki, Finland; (U.N.); (J.K.); (H.P.)
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, 33014 Tampere, Finland
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Holloway KN, Douglas JC, Rafferty TM, Kane CJM, Drew PD. Ethanol Induces Neuroinflammation in a Chronic Plus Binge Mouse Model of Alcohol Use Disorder via TLR4 and MyD88-Dependent Signaling. Cells 2023; 12:2109. [PMID: 37626919 PMCID: PMC10453365 DOI: 10.3390/cells12162109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2023] [Revised: 07/14/2023] [Accepted: 08/08/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Ethanol induces neuroinflammation, which is believed to contribute to the pathogenesis of alcohol use disorder (AUD). Toll-like receptors (TLRs) are a group of pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) expressed on both immune cells, including microglia and astrocytes, and non-immune cells in the central nervous system (CNS). Studies have shown that alcohol activates TLR4 signaling, resulting in the induction of pro-inflammatory cytokines and chemokines in the CNS. However, the effect of alcohol on signaling pathways downstream of TLR4, such as MyD88 and TRIF (TICAM) signaling, has not been evaluated extensively. In the current study, we treated male wild-type, TLR4-, MyD88-, and TRIF-deficient mice using a chronic plus binge mouse model of AUD. Evaluation of mRNA expression by qRT-PCR revealed that ethanol increased IL-1β, TNF-α, CCL2, COX2, FosB, and JunB in the cerebellum in wild-type and TRIF-deficient mice, while ethanol generally did not increase the expression of these molecules in TLR4- and MyD88-deficient mice. Furthermore, IRF3, IRF7, and IFN-β1, which are associated with the TRIF-dependent signaling cascade, were largely unaffected by alcohol. Collectively, these results suggest that the TLR4 and downstream MyD88-dependent signaling pathways are essential in ethanol-induced neuroinflammation in this mouse model of AUD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kalee N. Holloway
- Department of Neurobiology and Developmental Sciences, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR 72205, USA
| | - James C. Douglas
- Department of Neurobiology and Developmental Sciences, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR 72205, USA
| | - Tonya M. Rafferty
- Department of Neurobiology and Developmental Sciences, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR 72205, USA
| | - Cynthia J. M. Kane
- Department of Neurobiology and Developmental Sciences, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR 72205, USA
| | - Paul D. Drew
- Department of Neurobiology and Developmental Sciences, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR 72205, USA
- Department of Neurology, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR 72205, USA
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McMahan RH, Anton P, Coleman LG, Cresci GAM, Crews FT, Crotty KM, Luck ME, Molina PE, Vachharajani V, Weinberg J, Yeligar SM, Choudhry MA, McCullough RL, Kovacs EJ. Alcohol and Immunology: Mechanisms of multi-organ damage. Summary of the 2022 alcohol and Immunology research interest group (AIRIG) meeting. Alcohol 2023; 110:57-63. [PMID: 37061143 PMCID: PMC10330898 DOI: 10.1016/j.alcohol.2023.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2023] [Revised: 04/03/2023] [Accepted: 04/04/2023] [Indexed: 04/17/2023]
Abstract
On October 26th, 2022 the annual Alcohol and Immunology Research Interest Group (AIRIG) meeting was held as a satellite symposium at the annual meeting of the Society for Leukocyte Biology in Hawaii. The 2022 meeting focused broadly on the immunological consequences of acute, chronic, and prenatal alcohol exposure and how these contribute to damage in multiple organs and tissues. These included alcohol-induced neuroinflammation, impaired lung immunity, intestinal dysfunction, and decreased anti-microbial and anti-viral responses. In addition, research presented covered multiple pathways behind alcohol-induced cellular dysfunction, including mitochondrial metabolism, cellular bioenergetics, gene regulation, and epigenetics. Finally, the work presented highlighted potential biomarkers and novel avenues of treatment for alcohol-induced organ damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel H McMahan
- Division of GI, Trauma, and Endocrine Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, United States; Alcohol Research Program, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, United States.
| | - Paige Anton
- Alcohol Research Program, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, United States; Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, United States
| | - Leon G Coleman
- Department of Pharmacology, Bowles Center for Alcohol Studies, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC, United States
| | - Gail A M Cresci
- Departments of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology & Nutrition, Cleveland Clinic Children's Hospital and Inflammation & Immunity, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, United States
| | - Fulton T Crews
- Department of Pharmacology, Bowles Center for Alcohol Studies, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC, United States
| | - Kathryn M Crotty
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, United States; Atlanta Veterans Affairs Health Care System, Decatur, GA, United States
| | - Marisa E Luck
- Alcohol Research Program, Burn & Shock Trauma Research Institute, Department of Surgery, Integrative Cell Biology Program, Stritch School of Medicine, Loyola University Chicago Health Sciences Division, Maywood, IL, United States
| | - Patricia E Molina
- Department of Physiology and Comprehensive Alcohol Research Center, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, LA, United States
| | - Vidula Vachharajani
- Department of Inflammation and Immunity, Critical Care Medicine, Respiratory Institute, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic Lerner College of Medicine of Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, United States
| | - Joanne Weinberg
- Department of Cellular & Physiological Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Samantha M Yeligar
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, United States; Atlanta Veterans Affairs Health Care System, Decatur, GA, United States
| | - Mashkoor A Choudhry
- Alcohol Research Program, Burn & Shock Trauma Research Institute, Department of Surgery, Integrative Cell Biology Program, Stritch School of Medicine, Loyola University Chicago Health Sciences Division, Maywood, IL, United States
| | - Rebecca L McCullough
- Alcohol Research Program, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, United States; Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, United States
| | - Elizabeth J Kovacs
- Division of GI, Trauma, and Endocrine Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, United States; Alcohol Research Program, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, United States; Molecular Biology Graduate Program, University of Colorado Denver, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, United States; Rocky Mountain Regional Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Aurora, CO, United States
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40
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Nonoguchi HA, Jin M, Narreddy R, Kouo TWS, Nayak M, Trenet W, Mandyam CD. Progenitor Cells Play a Role in Reinstatement of Ethanol Seeking in Adult Male and Female Ethanol Dependent Rats. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:12233. [PMID: 37569609 PMCID: PMC10419311 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241512233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2023] [Revised: 07/19/2023] [Accepted: 07/25/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Female and male glial fibrillary acidic protein-thymidine kinase (GFAP-TK) transgenic rats were made ethanol dependent via a six-week chronic intermittent ethanol vapor (CIE) and ethanol drinking (ED) procedure. During the last week of CIE, a subset of male and female TK rats was fed valcyte to ablate dividing progenitor cells and continued the diet until the end of this study. Following week six, all CIE rats experienced two weeks of forced abstinence from CIE-ED, after which they experienced relapse to drinking, extinction, and reinstatement of ethanol seeking sessions. CIE increased ED in female and male rats, with females having higher ethanol consumption during CIE and relapse sessions compared with males. In both sexes, valcyte reduced the levels of Ki-67-labeled progenitor cells in the subgranular zone of the dentate gyrus and did not alter the levels in the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC). Valcyte increased ED during relapse, increased lever responses during extinction and, interestingly, enhanced latency to extinguish ethanol-seeking behaviors in males. Valcyte reduced the reinstatement of ethanol-seeking behaviors triggered by ethanol cues in females and males. Reduced seeking by valcyte was associated with the normalization of cytokines and chemokines in plasma isolated from trunk blood, indicating a role for progenitor cells in peripheral inflammatory responses. Reduced seeking by valcyte was associated with increases in tight junction protein claudin-5 and oligodendrogenesis in the dentate gyrus and reduction in microglial activity in the dentate gyrus and mPFC in females and males, demonstrating a role for progenitor cells in the dentate gyrus in dependence-induced endothelial and microglial dysfunction. These data suggest that progenitor cells born during withdrawal and abstinence from CIE in the dentate gyrus are aberrant and could play a role in strengthening ethanol memories triggered by ethanol cues via central and peripheral immune responses.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Michael Jin
- VA San Diego Healthcare System, San Diego, CA 92161, USA
| | | | | | | | - Wulfran Trenet
- VA San Diego Healthcare System, San Diego, CA 92161, USA
| | - Chitra D. Mandyam
- VA San Diego Healthcare System, San Diego, CA 92161, USA
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of California San Diego, San Diego, CA 92161, USA
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Borgonetti V, Cruz B, Vozella V, Khom S, Steinman MQ, Bullard R, D’Ambrosio S, Oleata CS, Vlkolinsky R, Bajo M, Zorrilla EP, Kirson D, Roberto M. IL-18 Signaling in the Rat Central Amygdala Is Disrupted in a Comorbid Model of Post-Traumatic Stress and Alcohol Use Disorder. Cells 2023; 12:1943. [PMID: 37566022 PMCID: PMC10416956 DOI: 10.3390/cells12151943] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2023] [Revised: 07/22/2023] [Accepted: 07/25/2023] [Indexed: 08/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Alcohol use disorder (AUD) and anxiety disorders are frequently comorbid and share dysregulated neuroimmune-related pathways. Here, we used our established rat model of comorbid post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD)/AUD to characterize the interleukin 18 (IL-18) system in the central amygdala (CeA). Male and female rats underwent novel (NOV) and familiar (FAM) shock stress, or no stress (unstressed controls; CTL) followed by voluntary alcohol drinking and PTSD-related behaviors, then all received renewed alcohol access prior to the experiments. In situ hybridization revealed that the number of CeA positive cells for Il18 mRNA increased, while for Il18bp decreased in both male and female FAM stressed rats versus CTL. No changes were observed in Il18r1 expression across groups. Ex vivo electrophysiology showed that IL-18 reduced GABAA-mediated miniature inhibitory postsynaptic currents (mIPSCs) frequencies in CTL, suggesting reduced CeA GABA release, regardless of sex. Notably, this presynaptic effect of IL-18 was lost in both NOV and FAM males, while it persisted in NOV and FAM females. IL-18 decreased mIPSC amplitude in CTL female rats, suggesting postsynaptic effects. Overall, our results suggest that stress in rats with alcohol access impacts CeA IL-18-system expression and, in sex-related fashion, IL-18's modulatory function at GABA synapses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vittoria Borgonetti
- Department of Molecular Medicine, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92073, USA; (V.B.); (B.C.); (V.V.); (S.K.); (M.Q.S.); (R.B.); (S.D.); (C.S.O.); (R.V.); (M.B.); (E.P.Z.); (D.K.)
| | - Bryan Cruz
- Department of Molecular Medicine, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92073, USA; (V.B.); (B.C.); (V.V.); (S.K.); (M.Q.S.); (R.B.); (S.D.); (C.S.O.); (R.V.); (M.B.); (E.P.Z.); (D.K.)
| | - Valentina Vozella
- Department of Molecular Medicine, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92073, USA; (V.B.); (B.C.); (V.V.); (S.K.); (M.Q.S.); (R.B.); (S.D.); (C.S.O.); (R.V.); (M.B.); (E.P.Z.); (D.K.)
| | - Sophia Khom
- Department of Molecular Medicine, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92073, USA; (V.B.); (B.C.); (V.V.); (S.K.); (M.Q.S.); (R.B.); (S.D.); (C.S.O.); (R.V.); (M.B.); (E.P.Z.); (D.K.)
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Vienna, Josef-Holaubek-Platz 2, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Michael Q. Steinman
- Department of Molecular Medicine, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92073, USA; (V.B.); (B.C.); (V.V.); (S.K.); (M.Q.S.); (R.B.); (S.D.); (C.S.O.); (R.V.); (M.B.); (E.P.Z.); (D.K.)
| | - Ryan Bullard
- Department of Molecular Medicine, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92073, USA; (V.B.); (B.C.); (V.V.); (S.K.); (M.Q.S.); (R.B.); (S.D.); (C.S.O.); (R.V.); (M.B.); (E.P.Z.); (D.K.)
| | - Shannon D’Ambrosio
- Department of Molecular Medicine, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92073, USA; (V.B.); (B.C.); (V.V.); (S.K.); (M.Q.S.); (R.B.); (S.D.); (C.S.O.); (R.V.); (M.B.); (E.P.Z.); (D.K.)
| | - Christopher S. Oleata
- Department of Molecular Medicine, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92073, USA; (V.B.); (B.C.); (V.V.); (S.K.); (M.Q.S.); (R.B.); (S.D.); (C.S.O.); (R.V.); (M.B.); (E.P.Z.); (D.K.)
| | - Roman Vlkolinsky
- Department of Molecular Medicine, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92073, USA; (V.B.); (B.C.); (V.V.); (S.K.); (M.Q.S.); (R.B.); (S.D.); (C.S.O.); (R.V.); (M.B.); (E.P.Z.); (D.K.)
| | - Michal Bajo
- Department of Molecular Medicine, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92073, USA; (V.B.); (B.C.); (V.V.); (S.K.); (M.Q.S.); (R.B.); (S.D.); (C.S.O.); (R.V.); (M.B.); (E.P.Z.); (D.K.)
| | - Eric P. Zorrilla
- Department of Molecular Medicine, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92073, USA; (V.B.); (B.C.); (V.V.); (S.K.); (M.Q.S.); (R.B.); (S.D.); (C.S.O.); (R.V.); (M.B.); (E.P.Z.); (D.K.)
| | - Dean Kirson
- Department of Molecular Medicine, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92073, USA; (V.B.); (B.C.); (V.V.); (S.K.); (M.Q.S.); (R.B.); (S.D.); (C.S.O.); (R.V.); (M.B.); (E.P.Z.); (D.K.)
- Department of Pharmacology, Addiction Science, and Toxicology, The University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN 38163, USA
| | - Marisa Roberto
- Department of Molecular Medicine, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92073, USA; (V.B.); (B.C.); (V.V.); (S.K.); (M.Q.S.); (R.B.); (S.D.); (C.S.O.); (R.V.); (M.B.); (E.P.Z.); (D.K.)
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42
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Koob GF, Vendruscolo L. Theoretical Frameworks and Mechanistic Aspects of Alcohol Addiction: Alcohol Addiction as a Reward Deficit/Stress Surfeit Disorder. Curr Top Behav Neurosci 2023. [PMID: 37421551 DOI: 10.1007/7854_2023_424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/10/2023]
Abstract
Alcohol use disorder (AUD) can be defined by a compulsion to seek and take alcohol, the loss of control in limiting intake, and the emergence of a negative emotional state when access to alcohol is prevented. Alcohol use disorder impacts multiple motivational mechanisms and can be conceptualized as a disorder that includes a progression from impulsivity (positive reinforcement) to compulsivity (negative reinforcement). Compulsive drug seeking that is associated with AUD can be derived from multiple neuroadaptations, but the thesis argued herein is that a key component involves the construct of negative reinforcement. Negative reinforcement is defined as drug taking that alleviates a negative emotional state. The negative emotional state that drives such negative reinforcement is hypothesized to derive from the dysregulation of specific neurochemical elements that are involved in reward and stress within basal forebrain structures that involve the ventral striatum and extended amygdala, respectively. Specific neurochemical elements in these structures include decreases in reward neurotransmission (e.g., decreases in dopamine and opioid peptide function in the ventral striatum) and the recruitment of brain stress systems (e.g., corticotropin-releasing factor [CRF]) in the extended amygdala, which contributes to hyperkatifeia and greater alcohol intake that is associated with dependence. Glucocorticoids and mineralocorticoids may play a role in sensitizing the extended amygdala CRF system. Other components of brain stress systems in the extended amygdala that may contribute to the negative motivational state of withdrawal include norepinephrine in the bed nucleus of the stria terminalis, dynorphin in the nucleus accumbens, hypocretin and vasopressin in the central nucleus of the amygdala, and neuroimmune modulation. Decreases in the activity of neuropeptide Y, nociception, endocannabinoids, and oxytocin in the extended amygdala may also contribute to hyperkatifeia that is associated with alcohol withdrawal. Such dysregulation of emotional processing may also significantly contribute to pain that is associated with alcohol withdrawal and negative urgency (i.e., impulsivity that is associated with hyperkatifeia during hyperkatifeia). Thus, an overactive brain stress response system is hypothesized to be activated by acute excessive drug intake, to be sensitized during repeated withdrawal, to persist into protracted abstinence, and to contribute to the compulsivity of AUD. The combination of the loss of reward function and recruitment of brain stress systems provides a powerful neurochemical basis for a negative emotional state that is responsible for the negative reinforcement that at least partially drives the compulsivity of AUD.
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Affiliation(s)
- George F Koob
- Integrative Neuroscience Research Branch, National Institute on Drug Abuse, Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD, USA.
| | - Leandro Vendruscolo
- Integrative Neuroscience Research Branch, National Institute on Drug Abuse, Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
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Abstract
The medical disorders of alcoholism rank among the leading public health problems worldwide and the need for predictive and prognostic risk markers for assessing alcohol use disorders (AUD) has been widely acknowledged. Early-phase detection of problem drinking and associated tissue toxicity are important prerequisites for timely initiations of appropriate treatments and improving patient's committing to the objective of reducing drinking. Recent advances in clinical chemistry have provided novel approaches for a specific detection of heavy drinking through assays of unique ethanol metabolites, phosphatidylethanol (PEth) or ethyl glucuronide (EtG). Carbohydrate-deficient transferrin (CDT) measurements can be used to indicate severe alcohol problems. Hazardous drinking frequently manifests as heavy episodic drinking or in combinations with other unfavorable lifestyle factors, such as smoking, physical inactivity, poor diet or adiposity, which aggravate the metabolic consequences of alcohol intake in a supra-additive manner. Such interactions are also reflected in multiple disease outcomes and distinct abnormalities in biomarkers of liver function, inflammation and oxidative stress. Use of predictive biomarkers either alone or as part of specifically designed biological algorithms helps to predict both hepatic and extrahepatic morbidity in individuals with such risk factors. Novel approaches for assessing progression of fibrosis, a major determinant of prognosis in AUD, have also been made available. Predictive algorithms based on the combined use of biomarkers and clinical observations may prove to have a major impact on clinical decisions to detect AUD in early pre-symptomatic stages, stratify patients according to their substantially different disease risks and predict individual responses to treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Onni Niemelä
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Medical Research Unit, Seinäjoki Central Hospital and Tampere University, Seinäjoki, Finland.
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44
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Decker Ramirez EB, Arnold ME, McConnell KT, Solomon MG, Amico KN, Schank JR. The effects of lipopolysaccharide exposure on social interaction, cytokine expression, and alcohol consumption in male and female mice. Physiol Behav 2023; 265:114159. [PMID: 36931488 PMCID: PMC10121933 DOI: 10.1016/j.physbeh.2023.114159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2022] [Revised: 02/10/2023] [Accepted: 03/14/2023] [Indexed: 03/17/2023]
Abstract
Much recent research has demonstrated a role of inflammatory pathways in depressive-like behavior and excess alcohol consumption. Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) is a cell wall component of gram-negative bacteria that can be used to trigger a strong inflammatory response in rodents in a preclinical research setting to study the mechanisms behind this relationship. In our study, we exposed male and female mice to LPS and assessed depressive-like behavior using the social interaction (SI) test, alcohol consumption in the two-bottle choice procedure, and expression of inflammatory mediators using quantitative PCR. We found that LPS administration decreased SI in female mice but had no significant impact on male mice when assessed 24 h after injection. LPS resulted in increased proinflammatory cytokine expression in both male and female mice; however, some aspects of the cytokine upregulation observed was greater in female mice as compared to males. A separate cohort of male and female mice underwent drinking for 12 days before receiving a saline or LPS injection, which we found to increase alcohol intake in both males and females. We have previously observed a role of the neurokinin-1 receptor (NK1R) in escalated alcohol intake, and in the inflammatory and behavioral response to LPS. The NK1R is the endogenous target of the neuropeptide SP, and this system has wide ranging roles in depression, anxiety, drug/alcohol seeking, pain, and inflammation. Thus, we administered a NK1R antagonist prior to alcohol access. This treatment reduced escalated alcohol consumption in female mice treated with LPS but did not affect drinking in males. Taken together, these results indicate that females are more sensitive to some physiological and behavioral effects of LPS administration, but that LPS escalates alcohol consumption in both sexes. Furthermore, NK1R antagonism can reduce alcohol consumption that is escalated by LPS treatment, in line with our previous findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- E B Decker Ramirez
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, 501 DW Brooks Drive, Athens, GA 30602 USA
| | - M E Arnold
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, 501 DW Brooks Drive, Athens, GA 30602 USA
| | - K T McConnell
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, 501 DW Brooks Drive, Athens, GA 30602 USA
| | - M G Solomon
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, 501 DW Brooks Drive, Athens, GA 30602 USA
| | - K N Amico
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, 501 DW Brooks Drive, Athens, GA 30602 USA
| | - J R Schank
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, 501 DW Brooks Drive, Athens, GA 30602 USA.
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45
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Guo ML, Roodsari SK, Cheng Y, Dempsey RE, Hu W. Microglia NLRP3 Inflammasome and Neuroimmune Signaling in Substance Use Disorders. Biomolecules 2023; 13:922. [PMID: 37371502 DOI: 10.3390/biom13060922] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2023] [Revised: 05/22/2023] [Accepted: 05/29/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
During the last decade, substance use disorders (SUDs) have been increasingly recognized as neuroinflammation-related brain diseases. Various types of abused drugs (cocaine, methamphetamine, alcohol, opiate-like drugs, marijuana, etc.) can modulate the activation status of microglia and neuroinflammation levels which are involved in the pathogenesis of SUDs. Several neuroimmune signaling pathways, including TLR/NF-кB, reactive oxygen species, mitochondria dysfunction, as well as autophagy defection, etc., have been implicated in promoting SUDs. Recently, inflammasome-mediated signaling has been identified as playing critical roles in the microglia activation induced by abused drugs. Among the family of inflammasomes, NOD-, LRR-, and pyrin-domain-containing protein 3 (NLRP3) serves the primary research target due to its abundant expression in microglia. NLRP3 has the capability of integrating multiple external and internal inputs and coordinately determining the intensity of microglia activation under various pathological conditions. Here, we summarize the effects of abused drugs on NLRP3 inflammasomes, as well as others, if any. The research on this topic is still at an infant stage; however, the readily available findings suggest that NLRP3 inflammasome could be a common downstream effector stimulated by various types of abused drugs and play critical roles in determining abused-drug-mediated biological effects through enhancing glia-neuron communications. NLRP3 inflammasome might serve as a novel target for ameliorating the development of SUDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming-Lei Guo
- Drug Addiction Laboratory, Department of Pathology and Anatomy, Eastern Virginia Medical School, Norfolk, VA 23507, USA
- Center for Integrative Neuroscience and Inflammatory Diseases, Eastern Virginia Medical School, Norfolk, VA 23507, USA
| | - Soheil Kazemi Roodsari
- Drug Addiction Laboratory, Department of Pathology and Anatomy, Eastern Virginia Medical School, Norfolk, VA 23507, USA
| | - Yan Cheng
- Drug Addiction Laboratory, Department of Pathology and Anatomy, Eastern Virginia Medical School, Norfolk, VA 23507, USA
| | - Rachael Elizabeth Dempsey
- Drug Addiction Laboratory, Department of Pathology and Anatomy, Eastern Virginia Medical School, Norfolk, VA 23507, USA
| | - Wenhui Hu
- Center for Metabolic Disease Research, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA 19140, USA
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46
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Atkinson NS. The Role of Toll and Nonnuclear NF-κB Signaling in the Response to Alcohol. Cells 2023; 12:1508. [PMID: 37296629 PMCID: PMC10252657 DOI: 10.3390/cells12111508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2023] [Revised: 05/23/2023] [Accepted: 05/25/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023] Open
Abstract
An understanding of neuroimmune signaling has become central to a description of how alcohol causes addiction and how it damages people with an AUD. It is well known that the neuroimmune system influences neural activity via changes in gene expression. This review discusses the roles played by CNS Toll-like receptor (TLR) signaling in the response to alcohol. Also discussed are observations in Drosophila that show how TLR signaling pathways can be co-opted by the nervous system and potentially shape behavior to a far greater extent and in ways different than generally recognized. For example, in Drosophila, TLRs substitute for neurotrophin receptors and an NF-κB at the end of a TLR pathway influences alcohol responsivity by acting non-genomically.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nigel S Atkinson
- Department of Neuroscience and The Waggoner Center for Alcohol and Addiction Research, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712, USA
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47
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Grodin EN, Burnette EM, O’Neill J, Alger J, Ray LA. Alcohol Craving and Severity are Associated with Dorsal Anterior Cingulate Choline Levels in Individuals with an Alcohol Use Disorder. Alcohol Alcohol 2023; 58:289-297. [PMID: 36939375 PMCID: PMC10168708 DOI: 10.1093/alcalc/agad014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2022] [Revised: 01/27/2023] [Accepted: 03/01/2023] [Indexed: 03/21/2023] Open
Abstract
AIMS Magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) has been used to probe inflammation in the brain. While altered MRS metabolite levels have previously been found in individuals with alcohol use disorder (AUD), the relationship between potential metabolite markers of inflammation and the clinical correlates of AUD remains understudied. Therefore, this exploratory study sought to elucidate the clinical significance of inflammation in AUD by examining relationships between metabolites, AUD severity, alcohol consumption, and craving in individuals with AUD. METHODS Data for this secondary analysis are derived from a two-week clinical trial of ibudilast to treat AUD. Forty-three non-treatment-seeking individuals with an AUD (26M/17F) completed an MRS scan and alcohol-related questionnaires. MRS was performed using a multi-voxel array placed above the corpus callosum, extending from the pregnenual anterior cingulate to premotor cortex. The dorsal anterior cingulate was selected as the volume of interest. Metabolite levels of choline-compounds (Cho), myo-inositol (mI), and creatine+phosphocreatine (Cr) were quantified. Separate hierarchical regression models were used to evaluate the independent effects of metabolite levels on alcohol craving, alcohol problem severity, and alcohol consumption. RESULTS Dorsal anterior cingulate Cho predicted alcohol craving and alcohol problem severity over and above demographics, medication, and alcohol consumption measures. mI and Cr did not predict alcohol craving or alcohol problem severity. Metabolite markers were not predictive of alcohol consumption. CONCLUSIONS This preliminary study indicates that dACC Cho is sensitive to clinical characteristics of AUD. This is a further step in advancing neurometabolites, particularly Cho, as potential biomarkers and treatment targets for AUD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erica N Grodin
- Department of Psychology, University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Elizabeth M Burnette
- Department of Psychology, University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA
- Neuroscience Interdepartmental Program, University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Joseph O’Neill
- Jane & Terry Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, University of California, Los Angeles, CA
- Brain Research Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Jeffry Alger
- Department of Neurology, University of California Los Angeles, MC 708522, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Lara A Ray
- Department of Psychology, University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA
- Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA
- Brain Research Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, CA
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48
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Gruol DL, Calderon D, French K, Melkonian C, Huitron-Resendiz S, Cates-Gatto C, Roberts AJ. Neuroimmune interactions with binge alcohol drinking in the cerebellum of IL-6 transgenic mice. Neuropharmacology 2023; 228:109455. [PMID: 36775097 PMCID: PMC10029700 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2023.109455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2022] [Revised: 01/20/2023] [Accepted: 02/03/2023] [Indexed: 02/12/2023]
Abstract
The neuroimmune system of the brain, which is comprised primarily of astrocytes and microglia, regulates a variety of homeostatic mechanisms that underlie normal brain function. Numerous conditions, including alcohol consumption, can disrupt this regulatory process by altering brain levels of neuroimmune factors. Alcohol and neuroimmune factors, such as proinflammatory cytokines IL-6 and TNF-alpha, act at similar targets in the brain, including excitatory and inhibitory synaptic transmission. Thus, alcohol-induced production of IL-6 and/or TNF-alpha could be important contributing factors to the effects of alcohol on the brain. Recent studies indicate that IL-6 plays a role in alcohol drinking and the effects of alcohol on the brain activity following the cessation of alcohol consumption (post-alcohol period), however information on these topics is limited. Here we used homozygous and heterozygous female and male transgenic mice with increased astrocyte expression of IL-6 to examined further the interactions between alcohol and IL-6 with respect to voluntary alcohol drinking, brain activity during the post-alcohol period, IL-6 signal transduction, and expression of synaptic proteins. Wildtype littermates (WT) served as controls. The transgenic mice model brain neuroimmune status with respect to IL-6 in subjects with a history of persistent alcohol use. Results showed a genotype dependent reduction in voluntary alcohol consumption in the Drinking in the Dark protocol and in frequency-dependent relationships between brain activity in EEG recordings during the post-alcohol period and alcohol consumption. IL-6, TNF-alpha, IL-6 signal transduction partners pSTAT3 and c/EBP beta, and synaptic proteins were shown to play a role in these genotypic effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Donna L Gruol
- Neuroscience Department, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA.
| | - Delilah Calderon
- Neuroscience Department, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA
| | - Katharine French
- Neuroscience Department, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA
| | - Claudia Melkonian
- Neuroscience Department, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA
| | | | - Chelsea Cates-Gatto
- Animal Models Core Facility, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA
| | - Amanda J Roberts
- Animal Models Core Facility, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA
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49
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Rodríguez-Zapata M, Galán-Llario M, Cañeque-Rufo H, Sevillano J, Sánchez-Alonso MG, Zapico JM, Ferrer-Alcón M, Uribarri M, Pascual-Teresa BD, Ramos-Álvarez MDP, Herradón G, Pérez-García C, Gramage E. Implication of the PTN/RPTPβ/ζ Signaling Pathway in Acute Ethanol Neuroinflammation in Both Sexes: A Comparative Study with LPS. Biomedicines 2023; 11:biomedicines11051318. [PMID: 37238989 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11051318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2022] [Revised: 03/16/2023] [Accepted: 04/26/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Binge drinking during adolescence increases the risk of alcohol use disorder, possibly by involving alterations of neuroimmune responses. Pleiotrophin (PTN) is a cytokine that inhibits Receptor Protein Tyrosine Phosphatase (RPTP) β/ζ. PTN and MY10, an RPTPβ/ζ pharmacological inhibitor, modulate ethanol behavioral and microglial responses in adult mice. Now, to study the contribution of endogenous PTN and the implication of its receptor RPTPβ/ζ in the neuroinflammatory response in the prefrontal cortex (PFC) after acute ethanol exposure in adolescence, we used MY10 (60 mg/kg) treatment and mice with transgenic PTN overexpression in the brain. Cytokine levels by X-MAP technology and gene expression of neuroinflammatory markers were determined 18 h after ethanol administration (6 g/kg) and compared with determinations performed 18 h after LPS administration (5 g/kg). Our data indicate that Ccl2, Il6, and Tnfa play important roles as mediators of PTN modulatory actions on the effects of ethanol in the adolescent PFC. The data suggest PTN and RPTPβ/ζ as targets to differentially modulate neuroinflammation in different contexts. In this regard, we identified for the first time important sex differences that affect the ability of the PTN/RPTPβ/ζ signaling pathway to modulate ethanol and LPS actions in the adolescent mouse brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- María Rodríguez-Zapata
- Departamento de Ciencias Farmacéuticas y de la Salud, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad San Pablo-CEU, CEU Universities, Urbanización Montepríncipe, Boadilla del Monte, 28660 Madrid, Spain
| | - Milagros Galán-Llario
- Departamento de Ciencias Farmacéuticas y de la Salud, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad San Pablo-CEU, CEU Universities, Urbanización Montepríncipe, Boadilla del Monte, 28660 Madrid, Spain
| | - Héctor Cañeque-Rufo
- Departamento de Ciencias Farmacéuticas y de la Salud, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad San Pablo-CEU, CEU Universities, Urbanización Montepríncipe, Boadilla del Monte, 28660 Madrid, Spain
- Departamento de Química y Bioquímica, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad San Pablo-CEU, CEU Universities, Urbanización Montepríncipe, Boadilla del Monte, 28660 Madrid, Spain
| | - Julio Sevillano
- Departamento de Química y Bioquímica, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad San Pablo-CEU, CEU Universities, Urbanización Montepríncipe, Boadilla del Monte, 28660 Madrid, Spain
| | - María Gracia Sánchez-Alonso
- Departamento de Química y Bioquímica, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad San Pablo-CEU, CEU Universities, Urbanización Montepríncipe, Boadilla del Monte, 28660 Madrid, Spain
| | - José M Zapico
- Departamento de Química y Bioquímica, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad San Pablo-CEU, CEU Universities, Urbanización Montepríncipe, Boadilla del Monte, 28660 Madrid, Spain
| | - Marcel Ferrer-Alcón
- BRAINco Biopharma, S.L., Bizkaia Technology Park, Zamudio, 48170 Vizcaya, Spain
| | - María Uribarri
- BRAINco Biopharma, S.L., Bizkaia Technology Park, Zamudio, 48170 Vizcaya, Spain
| | - Beatriz de Pascual-Teresa
- Departamento de Química y Bioquímica, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad San Pablo-CEU, CEU Universities, Urbanización Montepríncipe, Boadilla del Monte, 28660 Madrid, Spain
| | - María Del Pilar Ramos-Álvarez
- Departamento de Química y Bioquímica, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad San Pablo-CEU, CEU Universities, Urbanización Montepríncipe, Boadilla del Monte, 28660 Madrid, Spain
| | - Gonzalo Herradón
- Departamento de Ciencias Farmacéuticas y de la Salud, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad San Pablo-CEU, CEU Universities, Urbanización Montepríncipe, Boadilla del Monte, 28660 Madrid, Spain
- Instituto de Estudios de las Adicciones, Universidad San Pablo-CEU, CEU Universities, Urbanización Montepríncipe, Boadilla del Monte, 28660 Madrid, Spain
| | - Carmen Pérez-García
- Departamento de Ciencias Farmacéuticas y de la Salud, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad San Pablo-CEU, CEU Universities, Urbanización Montepríncipe, Boadilla del Monte, 28660 Madrid, Spain
- Instituto de Estudios de las Adicciones, Universidad San Pablo-CEU, CEU Universities, Urbanización Montepríncipe, Boadilla del Monte, 28660 Madrid, Spain
| | - Esther Gramage
- Departamento de Ciencias Farmacéuticas y de la Salud, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad San Pablo-CEU, CEU Universities, Urbanización Montepríncipe, Boadilla del Monte, 28660 Madrid, Spain
- Instituto de Estudios de las Adicciones, Universidad San Pablo-CEU, CEU Universities, Urbanización Montepríncipe, Boadilla del Monte, 28660 Madrid, Spain
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Galán-Llario M, Rodríguez-Zapata M, Fontán-Baselga T, Gramage E, Vicente-Rodríguez M, Zapico JM, de Pascual-Teresa B, Lasek AW, Herradón G. Inhibition of RPTPβ/ζ reduces chronic ethanol intake in adolescent mice and modulates ethanol effects on hippocampal neurogenesis and glial responses in a sex-dependent manner. Neuropharmacology 2023; 227:109438. [PMID: 36706907 PMCID: PMC10327582 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2023.109438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2022] [Revised: 01/09/2023] [Accepted: 01/23/2023] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Pleiotrophin (PTN) is a cytokine that modulates ethanol drinking and reward and regulates glial responses in different contexts. PTN is an inhibitor of Receptor Protein Tyrosine Phosphatase (RPTP) β/ζ. Inhibition of RPTPβ/ζ reduces binge-like drinking in adult male mice. Whether inhibition of RPTPβ/ζ is effective in reducing ethanol consumption during adolescence and in both sexes remained to be studied. In this work, male and female adolescent mice underwent an intermittent access to ethanol (IAE) 2-bottle choice protocol. Treatment with MY10 (60 mg/kg, i.g.), a small-molecule RPTPβ/ζ inhibitor, reduced chronic 3-week ethanol consumption only in male mice. We detected an ethanol-induced overall decrease in hippocampal GFAPir and Iba1ir, independently of the treatment received, suggesting that RPTPβ/ζ is not key in the regulation of IAE-induced glial responses. However, we found a significant negative correlation between the size of microglial cells and the number of hippocampal neuronal progenitors only in male mice after IAE. This correlation was disrupted by treatment with MY10 before each drinking session, which may be related to the ability of MY10 to regulate the intensity of the perineuronal nets (PNNs) in the hippocampus in a sex-dependent manner. The data show for the first time that inhibition of RPTPβ/ζ reduces chronic voluntary ethanol consumption in adolescent mice in a sex-dependent manner. In addition, we show evidence for sex-specific differences in the effects of IAE on glial responses and hippocampal neurogenesis, which may be related to different actions of the RPTPβ/ζ signalling pathway in the brains of male and female mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Milagros Galán-Llario
- Departamento de Ciencias Farmacéuticas y de la Salud, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad San Pablo-CEU, CEU Universities, Urbanización Montepríncipe, 28668, Boadilla del Monte, Spain
| | - María Rodríguez-Zapata
- Departamento de Ciencias Farmacéuticas y de la Salud, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad San Pablo-CEU, CEU Universities, Urbanización Montepríncipe, 28668, Boadilla del Monte, Spain
| | - Teresa Fontán-Baselga
- Departamento de Ciencias Farmacéuticas y de la Salud, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad San Pablo-CEU, CEU Universities, Urbanización Montepríncipe, 28668, Boadilla del Monte, Spain
| | - Esther Gramage
- Departamento de Ciencias Farmacéuticas y de la Salud, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad San Pablo-CEU, CEU Universities, Urbanización Montepríncipe, 28668, Boadilla del Monte, Spain; Instituto de Estudios de las Adicciones, Universidad San Pablo-CEU, CEU Universities, Urbanización Montepríncipe, 28668, Boadilla del Monte, Madrid, Spain
| | - Marta Vicente-Rodríguez
- Departamento de Ciencias Farmacéuticas y de la Salud, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad San Pablo-CEU, CEU Universities, Urbanización Montepríncipe, 28668, Boadilla del Monte, Spain; Instituto de Estudios de las Adicciones, Universidad San Pablo-CEU, CEU Universities, Urbanización Montepríncipe, 28668, Boadilla del Monte, Madrid, Spain
| | - José María Zapico
- Departamento de Química y Bioquímica, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad San Pablo-CEU, CEU Universities, Urbanización Montepríncipe, 28668, Boadilla del Monte, Madrid, Spain
| | - Beatriz de Pascual-Teresa
- Departamento de Química y Bioquímica, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad San Pablo-CEU, CEU Universities, Urbanización Montepríncipe, 28668, Boadilla del Monte, Madrid, Spain
| | - Amy W Lasek
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Illinois at Chicago, 1601 West Taylor Street, Chicago, IL, 60612, USA
| | - Gonzalo Herradón
- Departamento de Ciencias Farmacéuticas y de la Salud, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad San Pablo-CEU, CEU Universities, Urbanización Montepríncipe, 28668, Boadilla del Monte, Spain; Instituto de Estudios de las Adicciones, Universidad San Pablo-CEU, CEU Universities, Urbanización Montepríncipe, 28668, Boadilla del Monte, Madrid, Spain.
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