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Elkins C, Li C. Deciphering visceral adipose tissue regulatory T cells: Key contributors to metabolic health. Immunol Rev 2024; 324:52-67. [PMID: 38666618 PMCID: PMC11262988 DOI: 10.1111/imr.13336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/23/2024]
Abstract
Regulatory T cells (Tregs) within the visceral adipose tissue (VAT) play a crucial role in controlling tissue inflammation and maintaining metabolic health. VAT Tregs display a unique transcriptional profile and T cell receptor (TCR) repertoire, and closely interact with adipocytes, stromal cells, and other immune components within the local VAT microenvironment. However, in the context of obesity, there is a notable decline in VAT Tregs, resulting in heightened VAT inflammation and insulin resistance. A comprehensive understanding of the biology of VAT Tregs is essential for the development of Treg-based therapies for mitigating obesity-associated metabolic diseases. Recent advancements in lineage tracing tools, genetic mouse models, and various single cell "omics" techniques have significantly progressed our understandings of the origin, differentiation, and regulation of this unique VAT Treg population at steady state and during obesity. The identification of VAT-Treg precursor cells in the secondary lymphoid organs has also provided important insights into the timing, location, and mechanisms through which VAT Tregs acquire their distinctive phenotype that enables them to function within a lipid-rich microenvironment. In this review, we highlight key recent breakthroughs in the VAT-Treg field while discussing pivotal questions that remain unanswered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cody Elkins
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Chaoran Li
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
- Winship Cancer Institute, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
- Department of Dermatology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
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2
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Schmitz T, Freuer D, Meisinger C, Linseisen J. Associations between anthropometric parameters and immune-phenotypical characteristics of circulating Tregs and serum cytokines. Inflamm Res 2023; 72:1789-1798. [PMID: 37659013 PMCID: PMC10539435 DOI: 10.1007/s00011-023-01777-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2023] [Accepted: 07/31/2023] [Indexed: 09/05/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the associations between several anthropometric parameters and regulatory T cells (Tregs) and circulating cytokines in a population-based cohort. METHODS Between 2018 and 2021, a total of 238 participants were examined up to three times within the scope of the MEGA study in Augsburg, Germany. Tregs were analyzed using flow cytometry and the serum concentrations of 52 cytokines were determined. Anthropometric parameters were measured, using also bioelectrical impedance analysis: body mass index (BMI), relative total body fat, relative visceral adipose tissue (rVAT), waist circumference (WC), waist-to-hip ratio (WHR) and body fat distribution. Associations were analyzed using linear mixed models with random intercept (Tregs) and conventional linear regression models (cytokines). RESULTS WC and WHR were inversely associated with the general Treg subset. Four parameters (BMI, rVAT, WC, and WHR) were inversely associated with the conventional Treg population. Three cytokines showed a particularly strong association with several anthropometric parameters: the cutaneous T-cell attracting chemokine was inversely associated with anthropometric parameters, while hepatocyte growth factor and interleukine-18 showed positive associations. CONCLUSIONS Anthropometric measures are associated with Tregs and serum cytokine concentrations revealing new important interconnections between obesity and the adaptive immune system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Timo Schmitz
- Epidemiology, Medical Faculty, University Hospital Augsburg, University of Augsburg, Stenglinstraße 2, 86156, Augsburg, Germany.
| | - D Freuer
- Epidemiology, Medical Faculty, University Hospital Augsburg, University of Augsburg, Stenglinstraße 2, 86156, Augsburg, Germany
| | - C Meisinger
- Epidemiology, Medical Faculty, University Hospital Augsburg, University of Augsburg, Stenglinstraße 2, 86156, Augsburg, Germany
| | - J Linseisen
- Epidemiology, Medical Faculty, University Hospital Augsburg, University of Augsburg, Stenglinstraße 2, 86156, Augsburg, Germany
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3
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Fontenelle LC, de Paiva Sousa M, Dos Santos LR, Cardoso BEP, de Sousa TGV, da Cunha Soares T, de Sousa Melo SR, Morais JBS, da Silva Dias TM, de Oliveira FE, Braz DC, de Castro E Sousa JM, Torres-Leal FL, Henriques GS, do Nascimento Marreiro D. RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN SELENIUM NUTRITIONAL STATUS AND MARKERS OF LOW-GRADE CHRONIC INFLAMMATION IN OBESE WOMEN. Biol Trace Elem Res 2023; 201:663-676. [PMID: 35381948 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-022-03209-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2021] [Accepted: 03/15/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Low-grade chronic inflammation is one of the main disorders that characterize adipose tissue dysfunction in obesity and is an important element in the pathogenesis of several comorbidities. In this context, selenium is an essential micronutrient that exerts important anti-inflammatory functions, and the role of selenium in controlling inflammation associated with obesity is not well defined. Thus, this study aimed to evaluate the relationship between markers of the nutritional status of selenium and low-grade chronic inflammation in obese women. This cross-sectional study included 81 women aged between 18 and 50 years, who were divided into two groups according to body mass index (BMI): the obesity group (n = 38) and normal weight group (n = 43). Selenium intake was assessed by 3-day diet records. The plasma, erythrocyte, and urinary selenium concentrations were determined using inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry. The analysis of serum cytokines interleukin (IL)-8, IL-1β, IL-6, IL-10, and tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNFα) was performed using flow cytometry. The results of this study revealed that the obese women had higher dietary intake of selenium than eutrophic women. However, obese participants showed decreased selenium concentrations in plasma and erythrocytes, in parallel with increased concentrations of selenium in the urine. Regarding the inflammatory parameters, obese women exhibited higher concentrations of IL-6 and lower concentrations of the cytokines IL-8, IL-1β, and TNFα than eutrophic women. In the binary logistic regression analysis, erythrocyte selenium was considered an independent predictor of the serum concentrations of cytokine IL-8 in obese women, reflecting the anti-inflammatory action of this micronutrient.
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4
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Bensussen A, Torres-Magallanes JA, Roces de Álvarez-Buylla E. Molecular tracking of insulin resistance and inflammation development on visceral adipose tissue. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1014778. [PMID: 37026009 PMCID: PMC10070947 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1014778] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2022] [Accepted: 02/27/2023] [Indexed: 04/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Visceral adipose tissue (VAT) is one of the most important sources of proinflammatory molecules in obese people and it conditions the appearance of insulin resistance and diabetes. Thus, understanding the synergies between adipocytes and VAT-resident immune cells is essential for the treatment of insulin resistance and diabetes. Methods We collected information available on databases and specialized literature to construct regulatory networks of VAT resident cells, such as adipocytes, CD4+ T lymphocytes and macrophages. These networks were used to build stochastic models based on Markov chains to visualize phenotypic changes on VAT resident cells under several physiological contexts, including obesity and diabetes mellitus. Results Stochastic models showed that in lean people, insulin produces inflammation in adipocytes as a homeostatic mechanism to downregulate glucose intake. However, when the VAT tolerance to inflammation is exceeded, adipocytes lose insulin sensitivity according to severity of the inflammatory condition. Molecularly, insulin resistance is initiated by inflammatory pathways and sustained by intracellular ceramide signaling. Furthermore, our data show that insulin resistance potentiates the effector response of immune cells, which suggests its role in the mechanism of nutrient redirection. Finally, our models show that insulin resistance cannot be inhibited by anti-inflammatory therapies alone. Conclusion Insulin resistance controls adipocyte glucose intake under homeostatic conditions. However, metabolic alterations such as obesity, enhances insulin resistance in adipocytes, redirecting nutrients to immune cells, permanently sustaining local inflammation in the VAT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonio Bensussen
- *Correspondence: Antonio Bensussen, ; Elena Roces de Álvarez-Buylla,
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5
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Ojo BA, Alake SE, Kaur A, Wong SY, Keirns B, Ritchey JW, Chowanadisai W, Lin D, Clarke S, Smith BJ, Lucas EA. Supplemental wheat germ modulates phosphorylation of STAT3 in the gut and NF-κBp65 in the adipose tissue of mice fed a Western diet. Curr Dev Nutr 2023; 7:100023. [PMID: 37181127 PMCID: PMC10100941 DOI: 10.1016/j.cdnut.2022.100023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2022] [Revised: 11/16/2022] [Accepted: 11/27/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Commensal gut bacteria, including Lactobacillus, can produce metabolites that stimulate the release of gut antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) via the signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT)3 pathway and prevent obesity-associated leaky gut and chronic inflammation. We have previously reported that wheat germ (WG) selectively increased cecal Lactobacillus in obese mice. Objectives This study investigated the effects of WG on gut STAT3 activation and AMPs (Reg3γ and Reg3β) as well as the potential of WG to inhibit nuclear Nf-κB-activation and immune cell infiltration in the visceral adipose tissue (VAT) of mice fed a Western diet (i.e., high-fat and sucrose diet [HFS]). Methods Six-wk-old male C57BL/6 mice were randomly assigned to 4 groups (n = 12/group): control (C, 10% fat and sucrose kcal) or HFS (45% fat and 26% sucrose kcal) diet with or without 10% WG (wt/wt) for 12 wk. Assessments include serum metabolic parameters jejunal AMPs genes, inflammatory markers, and phosphorylation of STAT3 as well as VAT NF-κBp65. Independent and interaction effects of HFS and WG were analyzed with a 2-factor ANOVA. Results WG significantly improved markers of insulin resistance and upregulated jejunal Il10 and Il22 genes. The HFS + WG group had a 15-fold increase in jejunal pSTAT3 compared with the HFS group. Consequently, WG significantly upregulated jejunal mRNA expression of Reg3γ and Reg3β. The HFS group had a significantly higher VAT NF-κBp65 phosphorylation than the C group, while the HFS + WG group suppressed this to the level of C. Moreover, VAT Il6 and Lbp genes were downregulated in the HFS + WG group compared with HFS. Genes related to macrophage infiltration in the VAT were repressed in the WG-fed mice. Conclusion These findings show the potential of WG to influence vital regulatory pathways in the gut and adipose tissue which may reduce the chronic inflammatory burden on these tissues that are important targets in obesity and insulin resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Babajide A. Ojo
- Division of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Department of Pediatrics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Sanmi E. Alake
- Nutritional Sciences Department, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK, USA
| | - Amritpal Kaur
- Nutritional Sciences Department, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK, USA
| | - Siau Yen Wong
- Nutritional Sciences Department, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK, USA
| | - Bryant Keirns
- Nutritional Sciences Department, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK, USA
| | - Jerry W. Ritchey
- Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, Center for Veterinary Health Sciences, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK, USA
| | - Winyoo Chowanadisai
- Nutritional Sciences Department, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK, USA
| | - Dingbo Lin
- Nutritional Sciences Department, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK, USA
| | - Stephen Clarke
- Nutritional Sciences Department, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK, USA
| | - Brenda J. Smith
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Edralin A. Lucas
- Nutritional Sciences Department, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK, USA
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6
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Yu Y, Bai H, Wu F, Chen J, Li B, Li Y. Tissue adaptation of regulatory T cells in adipose tissue. Eur J Immunol 2022; 52:1898-1908. [PMID: 36369886 DOI: 10.1002/eji.202149527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2022] [Revised: 08/05/2022] [Accepted: 10/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Foxp3+ regulatory T (Treg) cells critically suppress over-activated immune responses and therefore maintain immune homeostasis. Adipose tissue-resident Treg (AT Treg) cells are known for modulating immunity and metabolism in adipose tissue microenvironment through various physiological signals, as well as their heterogeneous subsets, which potentially play disparate roles in aging and obesity. Recent single-cell studies of Treg cells have revealed specialized trajectories of their tissue adaptation and development in lymphoid tissues and at barrier sites. Here, we reviewed a T Cell Receptor (TCR)-primed environmental cue-boosted model of adipose Treg cells' tissue adaptation, especially in response to IL-33, IFN-α, insulin, and androgen signals, which trigger sophisticated transcriptional cascades and ultimately establish unique transcriptional modules in adipose Treg cell subsets. In addition, we further discuss potential therapeutic strategies against aging and obesity by blocking detrimental environmental cues, strengthening the functions of specific AT Treg subsets and modifying the communications between AT Treg subsets and adipocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yimeng Yu
- Center for Immune-Related Diseases at Shanghai Institute of Immunology, Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine of Ruijin Hospital, Department of Immunology and Microbiology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Hongyu Bai
- Center for Immune-Related Diseases at Shanghai Institute of Immunology, Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine of Ruijin Hospital, Department of Immunology and Microbiology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Fenglin Wu
- Center for Immune-Related Diseases at Shanghai Institute of Immunology, Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine of Ruijin Hospital, Department of Immunology and Microbiology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jieqiong Chen
- Center for Immune-Related Diseases at Shanghai Institute of Immunology, Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine of Ruijin Hospital, Department of Immunology and Microbiology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Bin Li
- Center for Immune-Related Diseases at Shanghai Institute of Immunology, Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine of Ruijin Hospital, Department of Immunology and Microbiology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yangyang Li
- Unit of Immune and Metabolic Regulation, School of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, China
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7
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Hameed M, Geerling E, Pinto AK, Miraj I, Weger-Lucarelli J. Immune response to arbovirus infection in obesity. Front Immunol 2022; 13:968582. [PMID: 36466818 PMCID: PMC9716109 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.968582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2022] [Accepted: 11/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Obesity is a global health problem that affects 650 million people worldwide and leads to diverse changes in host immunity. Individuals with obesity experience an increase in the size and the number of adipocytes, which function as an endocrine organ and release various adipocytokines such as leptin and adiponectin that exert wide ranging effects on other cells. In individuals with obesity, macrophages account for up to 40% of adipose tissue (AT) cells, three times more than in adipose tissue (10%) of healthy weight individuals and secrete several cytokines and chemokines such as interleukin (IL)-1β, chemokine C-C ligand (CCL)-2, IL-6, CCL5, and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, leading to the development of inflammation. Overall, obesity-derived cytokines strongly affect immune responses and make patients with obesity more prone to severe symptoms than patients with a healthy weight. Several epidemiological studies reported a strong association between obesity and severe arthropod-borne virus (arbovirus) infections such as dengue virus (DENV), chikungunya virus (CHIKV), West Nile virus (WNV), and Sindbis virus (SINV). Recently, experimental investigations found that DENV, WNV, CHIKV and Mayaro virus (MAYV) infections cause worsened disease outcomes in infected diet induced obese (DIO) mice groups compared to infected healthy-weight animals. The mechanisms leading to higher susceptibility to severe infections in individuals with obesity remain unknown, though a better understanding of the causes will help scientists and clinicians develop host directed therapies to treat severe disease. In this review article, we summarize the effects of obesity on the host immune response in the context of arboviral infections. We have outlined that obesity makes the host more susceptible to infectious agents, likely by disrupting the functions of innate and adaptive immune cells. We have also discussed the immune response of DIO mouse models against some important arboviruses such as CHIKV, MAYV, DENV, and WNV. We can speculate that obesity-induced disruption of innate and adaptive immune cell function in arboviral infections ultimately affects the course of arboviral disease. Therefore, further studies are needed to explore the cellular and molecular aspects of immunity that are compromised in obesity during arboviral infections or vaccination, which will be helpful in developing specific therapeutic/prophylactic interventions to prevent immunopathology and disease progression in individuals with obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muddassar Hameed
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Pathobiology, VA-MD Regional College of Veterinary Medicine, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, United States
| | - Elizabeth Geerling
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Saint Louis University, St. Louis, MO, United States
| | - Amelia K. Pinto
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Saint Louis University, St. Louis, MO, United States
| | - Iqra Miraj
- College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - James Weger-Lucarelli
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Pathobiology, VA-MD Regional College of Veterinary Medicine, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, United States
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8
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Bradley D, Smith AJ, Blaszczak A, Shantaram D, Bergin SM, Jalilvand A, Wright V, Wyne KL, Dewal RS, Baer LA, Wright KR, Stanford KI, Needleman B, Brethauer S, Noria S, Renton D, Joseph JJ, Lovett-Racke A, Liu J, Hsueh WA. Interferon gamma mediates the reduction of adipose tissue regulatory T cells in human obesity. Nat Commun 2022; 13:5606. [PMID: 36153324 PMCID: PMC9509397 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-33067-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2021] [Accepted: 08/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Decreased adipose tissue regulatory T cells contribute to insulin resistance in obese mice, however, little is known about the mechanisms regulating adipose tissue regulatory T cells numbers in humans. Here we obtain adipose tissue from obese and lean volunteers. Regulatory T cell abundance is lower in obese vs. lean visceral and subcutaneous adipose tissue and associates with reduced insulin sensitivity and altered adipocyte metabolic gene expression. Regulatory T cells numbers decline following high-fat diet induction in lean volunteers. We see alteration in major histocompatibility complex II pathway in adipocytes from obese patients and after high fat ingestion, which increases T helper 1 cell numbers and decreases regulatory T cell differentiation. We also observe increased expression of inhibitory co-receptors including programmed cell death protein 1 and OX40 in visceral adipose tissue regulatory T cells from patients with obesity. In human obesity, these global effects of interferon gamma to reduce regulatory T cells and diminish their function appear to instigate adipose inflammation and suppress adipocyte metabolism, leading to insulin resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Bradley
- Diabetes and Metabolism Research Center, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes & Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA.
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes & Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Penn State Health Milton S. Hershey Medical Center, Hershey, PA, 17033, USA.
| | - Alan J Smith
- Diabetes and Metabolism Research Center, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes & Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA
| | - Alecia Blaszczak
- Diabetes and Metabolism Research Center, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes & Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA
| | - Dharti Shantaram
- Diabetes and Metabolism Research Center, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes & Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA
| | - Stephen M Bergin
- Diabetes and Metabolism Research Center, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes & Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA
| | - Anahita Jalilvand
- Diabetes and Metabolism Research Center, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes & Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA
| | - Valerie Wright
- Diabetes and Metabolism Research Center, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes & Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA
| | - Kathleen L Wyne
- Diabetes and Metabolism Research Center, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes & Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA
| | - Revati S Dewal
- Diabetes and Metabolism Research Center, Division of Physiology and Cell Biology, Department of Internal Medicine, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA
| | - Lisa A Baer
- Diabetes and Metabolism Research Center, Division of Physiology and Cell Biology, Department of Internal Medicine, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA
| | - Katherine R Wright
- Diabetes and Metabolism Research Center, Division of Physiology and Cell Biology, Department of Internal Medicine, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA
| | - Kristin I Stanford
- Diabetes and Metabolism Research Center, Division of Physiology and Cell Biology, Department of Internal Medicine, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA
| | - Bradley Needleman
- Center for Minimally Invasive Surgery, Department of General Surgery, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA
| | - Stacy Brethauer
- Center for Minimally Invasive Surgery, Department of General Surgery, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA
| | - Sabrena Noria
- Center for Minimally Invasive Surgery, Department of General Surgery, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA
| | - David Renton
- Center for Minimally Invasive Surgery, Department of General Surgery, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA
| | - Joshua J Joseph
- Diabetes and Metabolism Research Center, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes & Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA
| | - Amy Lovett-Racke
- Department of Microbial Immunity and Infection, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA
| | - Joey Liu
- Diabetes and Metabolism Research Center, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes & Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA
| | - Willa A Hsueh
- Diabetes and Metabolism Research Center, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes & Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA.
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Mendoza-Pérez A, Vitales-Noyola M, González-Baranda L, Álvarez-Quiroga C, Hernández-Castro B, Monsiváis-Urenda A, Baranda L, Niño-Moreno P, Hurtado G, Sánchez-Gutiérrez R, González-Amaro R. Increased levels of pathogenic Th17 cells and diminished function of CD69 + Treg lymphocytes in patients with overweight. Clin Exp Immunol 2022; 209:115-125. [PMID: 35576512 PMCID: PMC9307236 DOI: 10.1093/cei/uxac051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2022] [Revised: 04/29/2022] [Accepted: 05/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
A low-grade inflammatory phenomenon is a feature of overweight and metabolic syndrome. The involvement of a pro-inflammatory Th17 lymphocyte subset and the CD69 + T regulatory (Treg) cell subtype in patients with metabolic dysfunction associated or not to overweight has not been fully elucidated. The aim of this study was to perform a quantitative and functional analysis of pathogenic Th17 lymphocytes and CD69 + Treg cells in patients with metabolic dysfunction (insulin resistance and dyslipidemia). The number of pathogenic Th17 cells and the levels and function of CD69 + Treg cells were analyzed in blood samples from individuals with metabolic dysfunction, associated or not to overweight. Pathogenic and non-pathogenic Th17 lymphocytes as well as Th22 cells were determined by eight-color flow cytometry analysis, whereas the levels and the suppressive function of CD69 + Treg cells were also analyzed by multiparametric flow cytometry. We detected increased levels of pro-inflammatory Th17 pathogenic cells and Th22 lymphocytes in overweight unhealthy individuals (p<0.001, compared to normal weight healthy). Conversely, diminished numbers of CD69 + Treg lymphocytes were observed in metabolically unhealthy individuals, with or without overweight. Likewise, the immunosuppressive function of CD69 + Treg cells was also defective in these patients. The increased levels of pathogenic Th17 cells along with a diminished number and function of CD69 + Treg lymphocytes may significantly contribute to the low-grade inflammatory phenomenon of metabolically unhealthy patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alejandra Mendoza-Pérez
- Section of Molecular and Translational Medicine, Research Center of Health Sciences and Biomedicine (CICSaB), UASLP, San Luis Potosí, SLP, México.,Dept. of Immunology, School of Medicine, UASLP, San Luis Potosí, SLP, México
| | - Marlen Vitales-Noyola
- Section of Molecular and Translational Medicine, Research Center of Health Sciences and Biomedicine (CICSaB), UASLP, San Luis Potosí, SLP, México
| | - Larisa González-Baranda
- Section of Molecular and Translational Medicine, Research Center of Health Sciences and Biomedicine (CICSaB), UASLP, San Luis Potosí, SLP, México.,Hospital Central Dr. Ignacio Morones Prieto, San Luis Potosí, SLP, México
| | - Crisol Álvarez-Quiroga
- Section of Molecular and Translational Medicine, Research Center of Health Sciences and Biomedicine (CICSaB), UASLP, San Luis Potosí, SLP, México
| | - Berenice Hernández-Castro
- Section of Molecular and Translational Medicine, Research Center of Health Sciences and Biomedicine (CICSaB), UASLP, San Luis Potosí, SLP, México.,Dept. of Immunology, School of Medicine, UASLP, San Luis Potosí, SLP, México
| | - Adriana Monsiváis-Urenda
- Section of Molecular and Translational Medicine, Research Center of Health Sciences and Biomedicine (CICSaB), UASLP, San Luis Potosí, SLP, México.,Dept. of Immunology, School of Medicine, UASLP, San Luis Potosí, SLP, México
| | - Lourdes Baranda
- Section of Molecular and Translational Medicine, Research Center of Health Sciences and Biomedicine (CICSaB), UASLP, San Luis Potosí, SLP, México.,Dept. of Immunology, School of Medicine, UASLP, San Luis Potosí, SLP, México.,Hospital Central Dr. Ignacio Morones Prieto, San Luis Potosí, SLP, México
| | - Perla Niño-Moreno
- Section of Molecular and Translational Medicine, Research Center of Health Sciences and Biomedicine (CICSaB), UASLP, San Luis Potosí, SLP, México
| | - Gilberto Hurtado
- Hospital Central Dr. Ignacio Morones Prieto, San Luis Potosí, SLP, México
| | - Raquel Sánchez-Gutiérrez
- Section of Molecular and Translational Medicine, Research Center of Health Sciences and Biomedicine (CICSaB), UASLP, San Luis Potosí, SLP, México.,Dept. of Immunology, School of Medicine, UASLP, San Luis Potosí, SLP, México
| | - Roberto González-Amaro
- Section of Molecular and Translational Medicine, Research Center of Health Sciences and Biomedicine (CICSaB), UASLP, San Luis Potosí, SLP, México.,Dept. of Immunology, School of Medicine, UASLP, San Luis Potosí, SLP, México
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10
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Queiroz-Glauss CP, Vieira MS, Gonçalves-Pereira MH, Almeida SS, Freire RH, Gomes MA, Alvarez-Leite JI, Santiago HC. Helminth infection modulates number and function of adipose tissue Tregs in high fat diet-induced obesity. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2022; 16:e0010105. [PMID: 35499991 PMCID: PMC9098094 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0010105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2021] [Revised: 05/12/2022] [Accepted: 04/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Epidemiological and experimental studies have shown a protective effect of helminth infections in weight gain and against the development of metabolic dysfunctions in the host. However, the mechanisms Treg cells exert in the helminth-obesity interface has been poorly investigated. The present study aimed to verify the influence of Heligmosomoides polygyrus infection in early stages of high fat diet-induced obesity. Principal findings The presence of infection was able to prevent exacerbated weight gain in mice fed with high fat diet when compared to non-infected controls. In addition, infected animals displayed improved insulin sensitivity and decreased fat accumulation in the liver. Obesity-associated inflammation was reduced in the presence of infection, demonstrated by lower levels of leptin and resistin, lower infiltration of Th1 and Th17 cells in adipose tissue, higher expression of IL10 and adiponectin, increased infiltration of Th2 and eosinophils in adipose tissue of infected animals. Of note, the parasite infection was associated with increased Treg frequency in adipose tissue which showed higher expression of cell surface markers of function and activation, like LAP and CD134. The infection could also increase adipose Treg suppressor function in animals on high fat diet. Conclusion These data suggest that H. polygyrus modulates adipose tissue Treg cells with implication for weight gain and metabolic syndrome. Helminth infections are known to modulate the immune system being responsible for protecting the host from developing allergic and autoimmune disorders (Hygiene Hypothesis). We hypothesized that the same immunomodulatory effect could have an impact on immunometabolic diseases, such as obesity and its linked diseases such as type 2 diabetes. Weight disorders have reached epidemic levels, nearly tripling since 1975 and being responsible for almost 5 million premature deaths each year, but have been spared in areas of high helminth prevalence. To test our hypothesis C57BL/6 male mice were fed control or high fat diet, for five weeks, in the presence or not of infection with the worm Heligmosomoides polygyrus. Weight gain, development of metabolic disorders, inflammation and cellular migration to the adipose tissue were evaluated. In accordance with our hypothesis, we found that the presence of infection prevented the exacerbated weight gain and also improved metabolic parameters in animals fed a high fat diet. This was associated with the infection’s ability to modulate parameters of a cell responsible for regulatory functions: Tregs. In the light of these findings, helminth infection could be protective against weight gain and metabolic disturbances.
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Affiliation(s)
- Camila P. Queiroz-Glauss
- Departamento de Bioquímica e Imunologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Mariana S. Vieira
- Departamento de Bioquímica e Imunologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Marcela Helena Gonçalves-Pereira
- Departamento de Bioquímica e Imunologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Stephanie S. Almeida
- Departamento de Bioquímica e Imunologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Rachel H. Freire
- Departamento de Bioquímica e Imunologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Maria A. Gomes
- Departamento de Parasitologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Jacqueline I. Alvarez-Leite
- Departamento de Bioquímica e Imunologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Helton C. Santiago
- Departamento de Bioquímica e Imunologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
- * E-mail:
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11
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Assumpção JAF, Pasquarelli-do-Nascimento G, Duarte MSV, Bonamino MH, Magalhães KG. The ambiguous role of obesity in oncology by promoting cancer but boosting antitumor immunotherapy. J Biomed Sci 2022; 29:12. [PMID: 35164764 PMCID: PMC8842976 DOI: 10.1186/s12929-022-00796-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2021] [Accepted: 02/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Obesity is nowadays considered a pandemic which prevalence's has been steadily increasingly in western countries. It is a dynamic, complex, and multifactorial disease which propitiates the development of several metabolic and cardiovascular diseases, as well as cancer. Excessive adipose tissue has been causally related to cancer progression and is a preventable risk factor for overall and cancer-specific survival, associated with poor prognosis in cancer patients. The onset of obesity features a state of chronic low-grade inflammation and secretion of a diversity of adipocyte-derived molecules (adipokines, cytokines, hormones), responsible for altering the metabolic, inflammatory, and immune landscape. The crosstalk between adipocytes and tumor cells fuels the tumor microenvironment with pro-inflammatory factors, promoting tissue injury, mutagenesis, invasion, and metastasis. Although classically established as a risk factor for cancer and treatment toxicity, recent evidence suggests mild obesity is related to better outcomes, with obese cancer patients showing better responses to treatment when compared to lean cancer patients. This phenomenon is termed obesity paradox and has been reported in different types and stages of cancer. The mechanisms underlying this paradoxical relationship between obesity and cancer are still not fully described but point to systemic alterations in metabolic fitness and modulation of the tumor microenvironment by obesity-associated molecules. Obesity impacts the response to cancer treatments, such as chemotherapy and immunotherapy, and has been reported as having a positive association with immune checkpoint therapy. In this review, we discuss obesity's association to inflammation and cancer, also highlighting potential physiological and biological mechanisms underlying this association, hoping to clarify the existence and impact of obesity paradox in cancer development and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Mariana Saldanha Viegas Duarte
- Immunology and Tumor Biology Program - Research Coordination, Brazilian National Cancer Institute (INCA), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Martín Hernan Bonamino
- Immunology and Tumor Biology Program - Research Coordination, Brazilian National Cancer Institute (INCA), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- Vice - Presidency of Research and Biological Collections (VPPCB), Oswaldo Cruz Foundation (FIOCRUZ), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Kelly Grace Magalhães
- Laboratory of Immunology and Inflammation, Department of Cell Biology, University of Brasilia, Brasília, DF, Brazil.
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12
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Pinzon Grimaldos A, Bini S, Pacella I, Rossi A, Di Costanzo A, Minicocci I, D’Erasmo L, Arca M, Piconese S. The role of lipid metabolism in shaping the expansion and the function of regulatory T cells. Clin Exp Immunol 2021; 208:181-192. [PMID: 35020862 PMCID: PMC9188345 DOI: 10.1093/cei/uxab033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2021] [Revised: 12/05/2021] [Accepted: 12/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Metabolic inflammation, defined as a chronic low-grade inflammation, is implicated in numerous metabolic diseases. In recent years, the role of regulatory T cells (Tregs) as key controllers of metabolic inflammation has emerged, but our comprehension on how different metabolic pathways influence Treg functions needs a deeper understanding. Here we focus on how circulating and intracellular lipid metabolism, in particular cholesterol metabolism, regulates Treg homeostasis, expansion, and functions. Cholesterol is carried through the bloodstream by circulating lipoproteins (chylomicrons, very low-density lipoproteins, low-density lipoproteins). Tregs are equipped with a wide array of metabolic sensors able to perceive and respond to changes in the lipid environment through the activation of different intracellular pathways thus conferring to these cells a crucial metabolic and functional plasticity. Nevertheless, altered cholesterol transport, as observed in genetic dyslipidemias and atherosclerosis, impairs Treg proliferation and function through defective cellular metabolism. The intracellular pathway devoted to the cholesterol synthesis is the mevalonate pathway and several studies have shown that this pathway is essential for Treg stability and suppressive activity. High cholesterol concentrations in the extracellular environment may induce massive accumulation of cholesterol inside the cell thus impairing nutrients sensors and inhibiting the mevalonate pathway. This review summarizes the current knowledge regarding the role of circulating and cellular cholesterol metabolism in the regulation of Treg metabolism and functions. In particular, we will discuss how different pathological conditions affecting cholesterol transport may affect cellular metabolism in Tregs.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Ilenia Pacella
- Department of Internal Clinical, Anesthesiological and Cardiovascular Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Alessandra Rossi
- Department of Internal Clinical, Anesthesiological and Cardiovascular Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Alessia Di Costanzo
- Department of Translational and Precision Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Policlinico Umberto I, Rome, Italy
| | - Ilenia Minicocci
- Department of Translational and Precision Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Policlinico Umberto I, Rome, Italy
| | - Laura D’Erasmo
- Department of Translational and Precision Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Policlinico Umberto I, Rome, Italy
| | - Marcello Arca
- Department of Translational and Precision Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Policlinico Umberto I, Rome, Italy
| | - Silvia Piconese
- Correspondence: Silvia Piconese, Department of Internal Clinical, Anesthesiological and Cardiovascular Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy.
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Saitoh S, Van Wijk K, Nakajima O. Crosstalk between Metabolic Disorders and Immune Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms221810017. [PMID: 34576181 PMCID: PMC8469678 DOI: 10.3390/ijms221810017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2021] [Revised: 09/08/2021] [Accepted: 09/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Metabolic syndrome results from multiple risk factors that arise from insulin resistance induced by abnormal fat deposition. Chronic inflammation owing to obesity primarily results from the recruitment of pro-inflammatory M1 macrophages into the adipose tissue stroma, as the adipocytes within become hypertrophied. During obesity-induced inflammation in adipose tissue, pro-inflammatory cytokines are produced by macrophages and recruit further pro-inflammatory immune cells into the adipose tissue to boost the immune response. Here, we provide an overview of the biology of macrophages in adipose tissue and the relationship between other immune cells, such as CD4+ T cells, natural killer cells, and innate lymphoid cells, and obesity and type 2 diabetes. Finally, we discuss the link between the human pathology and immune response and metabolism and further highlight potential therapeutic targets for the treatment of metabolic disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shinichi Saitoh
- Department of Immunology, Yamagata University Faculty of Medicine, Yamagata 990-9585, Japan;
| | - Koen Van Wijk
- Research Center for Molecular Genetics, Institute for Promotion of Medical Science Research, Yamagata University Faculty of Medicine, Yamagata 990-9585, Japan;
| | - Osamu Nakajima
- Research Center for Molecular Genetics, Institute for Promotion of Medical Science Research, Yamagata University Faculty of Medicine, Yamagata 990-9585, Japan;
- Correspondence:
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Felicidade I, Bocchi M, Ramos MRZ, Carlos LDO, Wagner NRF, Campos ACL, Ribeiro LR, Mantovani MS, Watanabe MAE, Vitiello GAF. Transforming growth factor beta 1 (TGFβ1) plasmatic levels and haplotype structures in obesity: a role for TGFβ1 in steatosis development. Mol Biol Rep 2021; 48:6401-6411. [PMID: 34403036 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-021-06640-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2021] [Accepted: 08/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Obesity is considered a chronic inflammatory disease and transforming growth factor beta 1 (TGFβ1) might exert important roles in disease pathogenesis regulating adipocyte differentiation and immune-inflammatory environment. However, the role of this cytokine as a biomarker in obesity is poorly addressed. Therefore, the present study aimed to evaluate the impact of TGFB1 polymorphisms and TGFβ1 plasmatic levels in obesity METHODS AND RESULTS: TGFB1 promoter region polymorphisms (rs1800468, G-800A and rs1800469, C-509 T) were evaluated in 75 obese patients and 45 eutrophic patients through PCR-RFLP and plasmatic TGFβ1 was quantified through ELISA from 37 of the obese patients, and correlations with clinical and biochemical parameters were tested. Despite no association was found between TGFB1 polymorphisms and obesity susceptibility, several correlations with clinical data were noted. Among others, AC haplotype negatively correlated with plasmatic TGFβ1, while plasmatic TGFβ1 negatively correlated with C-reactive protein and positively correlated with liver abnormalities on ultrasound and, specifically, with steatosis presence and degree. Conversely, GT haplotype, which associates with higher TGFβ1 production, was also positively correlated with the same parameters of liver abnormalities. Further, plasmatic vitamin D negatively correlated with TGFβ1, while positively correlated with AC haplotype. CONCLUSION Overall, the results indicate that TGFβ1 might exert important roles in obesity pathophysiology and correlate with biochemical and clinical parameters both at systemic protein as well as at genetic level. Importantly, the consistent positive correlation at both levels with steatosis might suggest this cytokine as a biomarker for this hepatic abnormality in obese patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ingrid Felicidade
- Department of General Biology, Biological Sciences Center, Londrina State University (UEL), Londrina, PR, Brazil
- School of Medicine, Department of Pathology, São Paulo State University (UNESP), São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Mayara Bocchi
- Department of Pathological Sciences, Biological Sciences Center, Londrina State University (UEL), Londrina, PR, Brazil
| | | | | | | | | | - Lúcia Regina Ribeiro
- School of Medicine, Department of Pathology, São Paulo State University (UNESP), São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Mário Sérgio Mantovani
- Department of General Biology, Biological Sciences Center, Londrina State University (UEL), Londrina, PR, Brazil
| | - Maria Angelica Ehara Watanabe
- Department of Pathological Sciences, Biological Sciences Center, Londrina State University (UEL), Londrina, PR, Brazil
| | - Glauco Akelinghton Freire Vitiello
- Department of Pathological Sciences, Biological Sciences Center, Londrina State University (UEL), Londrina, PR, Brazil.
- Laboratory of DNA Polymorphisms and Immunology, Department of Pathological Sciences, Biological Sciences Center, State University of Londrina, PR445, Km 380 Celso Garcia Cid highway, Londrina, PR, 86057-970, Brazil.
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15
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Associations between inflammatory markers and muscle strength in older adults according to the presence or absence of obesity. Exp Gerontol 2021; 151:111409. [PMID: 34022276 DOI: 10.1016/j.exger.2021.111409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2021] [Revised: 05/14/2021] [Accepted: 05/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND We investigated the association between inflammatory markers and muscle strength in older adults according to the presence or absence of obesity. Dynapenia is the age-related decline in muscle strength and results in negative outcomes to older adults. Accordingly, obesity is more prevalent throughout aging and is associated with comorbidities, such as type 2 diabetes, dyslipidemia and cardiovascular diseases. Both dynapenia and obesity are strongly linked to chronic inflammation, sharing common signaling pathways. METHODS We recruited 247 older adults aged 60 or older and collected sociodemographic, anthropometric and metabolic data. Dynapenia was diagnosed according to the European Working Group on Sarcopenia in Older People 2 (EWGSOP2) criteria. Circulating inflammatory cytokines were measured in plasma using a multiplex panel kit. Anthropometric, sociodemographic, lipid profile, and fasting blood glucose were also assessed. RESULTS Dynapenic participants were predominantly males (74.4%), had insufficiently active lifestyle and higher IL-10 plasma levels (0.95 pg/mL; 0.40-2.12). The prevalence of obesity was higher among non-dynapenic participants (45.3%; 95% CI, 37.7-53). In dynapenic older adults, obesity was predominant in males (53.6%) and subjects with normal muscle strength had higher serum levels of TNF-β (0.63 pg/mL; 0.30-1.30) and lower hand-grip strength (24 kg; 20.00-28.00). Using a multivariate quantile regression analysis, we found a strong and negative association between IL-10 and muscle strength. CONCLUSIONS This study can help to understand the association of inflammation, obesity and muscle strength to promote interventions in order to avoid or delay the negative outcomes associated with dynapenia and sarcopenia in older adults.
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16
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Oliva-Olivera W, Castellano-Castillo D, von Meyenn F, Cardona F, Lönnberg T, Tinahones FJ. Human adipose tissue-derived stem cell paracrine networks vary according metabolic risk and after TNFα-induced death: An analysis at the single-cell level. Metabolism 2021; 116:154466. [PMID: 33333081 DOI: 10.1016/j.metabol.2020.154466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2020] [Revised: 12/01/2020] [Accepted: 12/11/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Adipose tissue-derived stem cells (ASCs) might play an important role in adipose microenvironment remodelling during tissue expansion through their response to hypoxia. We examined the cytokine profiles of hypoxic visceral ASCs (hypox-visASCs) from subjects with different metabolic risk, the interactions between cytokines as well as the impact of TNFα-induced death in the behavior of surviving hypoxic subcutaneous ASCs (hypox-subASCs) both at bulk population and single-cell level. MATERIALS/METHODS Visceral adipose tissue was processed to isolate the ASCs from 33 subjects grouped into normal weight, obese with and without metabolic syndrome. Multiplex assay was used to simultaneously measure multiple inflammatory, anti-inflammatory and angiogenic cytokines in hypox-visASCs from these patients and to elucidate cytokine profiles of hypox-subASCs upon stimulation with IL1β or TNFα and after TNFα-induced death. qPCR and single-cell RNA-sequencing were also performed to elucidate transcriptional impact in surviving hypox-subASCs after TNFα-induced apoptosis. RESULTS Hypox-visASCs from subjects without metabolic syndrome showed greater secretion levels of inflammatory, anti-inflammatory and angiogenic cytokines compared with those from patients with metabolic syndrome. While IL-1β stimulation was sufficient to increase the secretion levels of these cytokines in hypox-subASCs, TNFα-induced apoptosis also increased their levels and impacted on the expression levels of extracellular matrix proteins, acetyl-CoA producing enzymes and redox-balance proteins in surviving hypox-subASCs. TNFα-induced apoptosis under different glucose concentrations caused selective impoverishment of cell clusters and differentially influenced gene expression profiles of surviving hypox-subASCs. CONCLUSIONS Immunoregulatory and angiogenic functions of hypox-visASCs from patients with metabolic syndrome could be insufficient to promote healthy adipose tissue expansion. TNFα-induced apoptosis may impact on functionality of hypox-subASC populations, whose differential metabolic sensitivity to death could serve to manipulate individual populations selectively in order to elucidate their role in shaping adipose heterogeneity and treating metabolic disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wilfredo Oliva-Olivera
- Department of Endocrinology and Nutrition, Virgen de la Victoria Hospital (IBIMA), Malaga University, Malaga, Spain; Biomedical Research Networking Center for Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition (CIBEROBN), Institute of Health Carlos III (ISCIII), Malaga, Spain.
| | | | - Ferdinand von Meyenn
- Institute of Food, Nutrition and Health, ETH Zurich, CH-8603 Schwerzenbach, Switzerland
| | - Fernando Cardona
- Department of Endocrinology and Nutrition, Virgen de la Victoria Hospital (IBIMA), Malaga University, Malaga, Spain; Biomedical Research Networking Center for Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition (CIBEROBN), Institute of Health Carlos III (ISCIII), Malaga, Spain
| | - Tapio Lönnberg
- Turku Bioscience Centre, University of Turku and Åbo Akademi University, FI-20520 Turku, Finland
| | - Francisco J Tinahones
- Department of Endocrinology and Nutrition, Virgen de la Victoria Hospital (IBIMA), Malaga University, Malaga, Spain; Biomedical Research Networking Center for Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition (CIBEROBN), Institute of Health Carlos III (ISCIII), Malaga, Spain
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17
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Are body fat and inflammatory markers independently associated with age-related muscle changes? Clin Nutr 2020; 40:2009-2015. [PMID: 33008653 DOI: 10.1016/j.clnu.2020.09.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2020] [Revised: 08/18/2020] [Accepted: 09/13/2020] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS A growing number of studies have shown that body fat and inflammation are associated with age-related changes in body muscle composition. However, most of these studies did not control for potential confounders. The aim was to determine whether there is an association between body fat and inflammatory cytokines with muscle mass/strength decline in community-dwelling older adults. METHODS Anthropometric, physical and functionality variables were collected. Nutritional status was assessed by the MNA form. Dynapenia was assessed with handgrip strength on the dominant hand using a dynamometer. Sarcopenia was determined using adapted criteria from the European Working Group on Sarcopenia in Older People 2 (EWGSOP2). Inflammatory cytokines were evaluated in plasma using a multiplex assay. Associations to muscle mass/strength decline were analyzed using a multinominal logistic regression, adjusted for potential confounders. RESULTS We recruited a convenience sample of 311 adults aged 60 years or older. Most of subjects were sufficiently active females with a median age of 68 years (interquartile range [IQR], 64-74 years), whereas about a half (46.3%) were at risk of malnutrition. The prevalence of dynapenia was 38.3%, whereas sarcopenia was 13.2%. After controlling for potential confounders, we found that relative fat mass index is independently associated with sarcopenia. Loss of strength was independently associated only with female sex, lower physical activity, worse nutrition and IL-10/TNF-α ratio, whereas female sex, an insufficiently active lifestyle and relative fat mass index were the key determinants of sarcopenia. CONCLUSIONS These findings highlight the importance of physical activity and healthy diet as effective interventions to prevent muscle mass/strength decline, and points to IL-10/TNF-α ratio and body fat as independently associated factors for dynapenia and sarcopenia, respectively.
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Moghbeli M, Khedmatgozar H, Yadegari M, Avan A, Ferns GA, Ghayour Mobarhan M. Cytokines and the immune response in obesity-related disorders. Adv Clin Chem 2020; 101:135-168. [PMID: 33706888 DOI: 10.1016/bs.acc.2020.06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The increasing prevalence of obesity and the associated morbidity and mortality are important public health problems globally. There is an important relationship between an unhealthy lifestyle and increased serum inflammatory cytokines. Adipocytes secrete several pro-inflammatory cytokines involved in the recruitment and activation of macrophages resulting in chronic low-grade inflammation. Increased cytokines in obese individual are related to the progression of several disorders including cardiovascular disease, hypertension, and insulin resistance. In present review we have summarized the crucial roles of cytokines and their inflammatory functions in obesity-related immune disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meysam Moghbeli
- Department of Medical Genetics and Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Hamed Khedmatgozar
- Metabolic Syndrome Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Mehran Yadegari
- Metabolic Syndrome Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Amir Avan
- Metabolic Syndrome Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran; Student Research Committee and Department of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Science, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Gordon A Ferns
- Division of Medical Education, Brighton and Sussex Medical School, Brighton, United Kingdom
| | - Majid Ghayour Mobarhan
- Metabolic Syndrome Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
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Muzzio ML, Kabakian ML, Morosán-Allo Y, Ferrari S, Fallahi P, Fernández J, Santucci MP, Andrés-Lacueva C, Antonelli A, Brenta G, Meroño T. Association of glomerular hyperfiltration with serum chemokine levels and metabolic features in prepubertal children with overweight/obesity. Nutr Metab Cardiovasc Dis 2020; 30:1188-1195. [PMID: 32448719 DOI: 10.1016/j.numecd.2020.03.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2019] [Revised: 03/04/2020] [Accepted: 03/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Glomerular hyperfiltration (GH) is proposed as one of the earliest events in obesity (OB)-associated renal disease. Children with GH and type-1 diabetes showed increased chemokine levels. Chemokine associations with glomerular filtration rate (GFR) and metabolic features in prepubertal children with overweight (OW)/OB are unknown. METHODS AND RESULTS Cross-sectional study. 75 prepubertal children (aged: 9.0 ± 1.7 years) with OW/OB were studied. Clinical and metabolic characteristics (including non-esterified fatty acids, NEFA) and GFR (combined Zappitelli equation) were assessed. GH was defined as GFR >135 ml/min.1.73 m2. Serum levels of regulated on activation, normal T cell expressed and secreted (RANTES)/CCL5, interleukin-8 (IL-8)/CXCL8 and monokine-induced by interferon-γ (MIG)/CXCL9 were measured by ELISA. Age- and sex-adjusted correlations and differences were tested. 48% of the cohort was female and 13% were OW, 54% OB and 33% severe OB. Prepubertal children with GH showed lower z-BMI (-12%), NEFA (-26%) and uric acid (-22%) than those without GH (all p < 0.05). Similarly to high sensitivity C-reactive protein (hsCRP), there were no differences in serum chemokines between children with GH or not (all p > 0.05). Adjusted correlations were significant for RANTES and z-BMI (r = 0.26; p < 0.05) and for MIG with z-BMI (r = -0.26; p < 0.05) and with NEFA (r = 0.27; p < 0.05). CONCLUSION GH was not associated with higher chemokine levels in prepubertal children with OW/OB. Decreased rather than elevated GFR values were correlated with obesity and worse metabolic profiles. Chemokines levels in children with severe OB suggest a regulation of the immune response. Follow-up studies are needed to address the clinical implications of these findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- María L Muzzio
- Depto. de Bioquímica Clínica, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Laboratorio Central, Complejo Médico Churruca-Visca, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - María L Kabakian
- Servicio de Diabetes y Nutrición Infanto-Juvenil, Complejo Médico Churruca-Visca, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Yanina Morosán-Allo
- Servicio de Endocrinología y Metabolismo, Unidad Asistencial "Dr. César Milstein", Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Silvia Ferrari
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Poupak Fallahi
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Jorgelina Fernández
- Servicio de Diabetes y Nutrición Infanto-Juvenil, Complejo Médico Churruca-Visca, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - María P Santucci
- Servicio de Diabetes y Nutrición Infanto-Juvenil, Complejo Médico Churruca-Visca, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Cristina Andrés-Lacueva
- Biomarkers and Nutrimetabolomics Laboratory, Department of Nutrition, Food Sciences and Gastronomy, Food Technology Reference Net (XaRTA), Nutrition and Food Safety Research Institute (INSA), Faculty of Pharmacy and Food Sciences, University of Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain; CIBER de Fragilidad y Envejecimiento Saludable (CIBERfes), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Alessandro Antonelli
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Gabriela Brenta
- Servicio de Endocrinología y Metabolismo, Unidad Asistencial "Dr. César Milstein", Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Tomás Meroño
- Depto. de Bioquímica Clínica, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Laboratorio Central, Complejo Médico Churruca-Visca, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Biomarkers and Nutrimetabolomics Laboratory, Department of Nutrition, Food Sciences and Gastronomy, Food Technology Reference Net (XaRTA), Nutrition and Food Safety Research Institute (INSA), Faculty of Pharmacy and Food Sciences, University of Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain.
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Li C, Spallanzani RG, Mathis D. Visceral adipose tissue Tregs and the cells that nurture them. Immunol Rev 2020; 295:114-125. [PMID: 32162339 DOI: 10.1111/imr.12850] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2019] [Revised: 02/20/2020] [Accepted: 02/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Visceral adipose tissue (VAT) is a primary site for storage of excess energy, but it also serves as an important endocrine organ that impacts organismal metabolism. Chronic, low-grade inflammation of VAT, and eventually systemically, is one of the major drivers of obesity-associated insulin resistance and metabolic abnormalities. A unique population of regulatory T cells (Tregs), with a distinct transcriptional profile and antigen receptor repertoire resides in VAT, keeps inflammation in check and regulates organismal metabolism. Accumulation of these cells depends on interactions with other local immunocytes and, importantly, subtypes of VAT mesenchymal stromal cells (VmSCs) that are either immunomodulators or adipogenic. We summarize our current understanding of the phenotype, function, dependencies, derivation, and modulations of VAT Tregs, and review the heterogeneity and regulation of VmSCs as well as their cross talk with VAT Tregs. Lastly, we discuss imperative questions remaining to be answered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chaoran Li
- Department of Immunology, Harvard Medical School and Evergrande Center for Immunologic Diseases, Harvard Medical School and Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Raul German Spallanzani
- Department of Immunology, Harvard Medical School and Evergrande Center for Immunologic Diseases, Harvard Medical School and Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Diane Mathis
- Department of Immunology, Harvard Medical School and Evergrande Center for Immunologic Diseases, Harvard Medical School and Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
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21
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Ribeiro IS, Pereira ÍS, Santos DP, Lopes DN, Prado AO, Calado SP, Gonçalves CV, Galantini MP, Muniz IP, Santos GS, Silva RA. Association between body composition and inflammation: A central role of IL-17 and IL-10 in diabetic and hypertensive elderly women. Exp Gerontol 2019; 127:110734. [DOI: 10.1016/j.exger.2019.110734] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2019] [Revised: 07/30/2019] [Accepted: 09/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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22
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Yang X, Zhao J, Duan S, Hou X, Li X, Hu Z, Tang Z, Mo F, Lu X. Enhanced cytotoxic T lymphocytes recruitment targeting tumor vasculatures by endoglin aptamer and IP-10 plasmid presenting liposome-based nanocarriers. Theranostics 2019; 9:4066-4083. [PMID: 31281532 PMCID: PMC6592167 DOI: 10.7150/thno.33383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2019] [Accepted: 03/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Adequate recruitment of highly active tumor antigen-specific cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs) remains a major challenge in cancer immunotherapy. Objective: To construct liposome (LP)-based nanocapsules with surface endoglin aptamer (ENG-Apt) encapsulating mouse interferon-inducible protein-10 (mIP-10), with the ability to target mouse tumor vascular endothelial cells (mTECs) and enhance CTLs targeting and recruitment to the tumor vasculature. Methods: ENG-Apt/mIP-10-LP nanocapsules were prepared by grafting DSPE-PEG2000-ENG-Apt on the surface of liposomes containing mIP-10 plasmids, characterized and assessed for the cell binding specificity in vitro. The tumor-targeting ability of ENG-Apt/mIP-10-LP nanocapsules was evaluated in vivo. The anti-tumor efficacy of ENG-Apt/mIP-10-LP nanocapsules treatment, as well as the combination treatment of ENG-Apt/mIP-10-LP nanocapsules and adoptive TRP2CD8+ T cells, were both tested in melanoma-bearing mice, by evaluation of the tumor volume and the mouse survival time. To discuss the anti-tumoral mechanism of ENG-Apt/mIP-10-LP nanocapsules-based therapies, IFN-γ secretion, proportion of TRP2CD8+ T cells among TILs, MDSCs in the tumor microenvironment and Tregs in the spleen, were determined after the treatments. Proliferation and apoptosis of tumor cells, and tumor angiogenesis were also assessed. Results: The prepared ENG-Apt/mIP-10-LP nanocapsules possess an adequate nanometric size, good stability, high specificity to mTECs and tumor sites, along with the ability to induce mIP-10 expression in vitro and in vivo. Treatment of ENG-Apt/mIP-10-LP nanocapsules demonstrated CTLs enrichment into the tumor site, which inhibited tumor cell proliferation and angiogenesis, as well as promoted tumor-cell apoptosis, leading to a decrease in tumor progression and prolonged survival time in melanoma tumor-bearing mice. In addition, the proportion of MDSCs and Tregs was found to decrease. The combination of ENG-Apt/mIP-10-LP nanocapsules with adoptive TRP2CD8+ T cells, showed stronger abilities in inhibiting tumor growth and increasing animal survival time, thereby displayed an enhanced anti-melanoma tumor efficacy, due to the recruitment of both endogenous CD8+ T cells and exogenous TRP2CD8+ T cells in vivo. Conclusion: ENG-Apt/mIP-10-LP nanocapsules could enhance the recruitment of both endogenous and exogenous CTLs specifically targeting melanoma tumor vasculatures and exert anti-tumoral effect, therefore provides a potentially novel strategy for tumor immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Xiaoling Lu
- Nanobody Research Center/School of Preclinical Medicine, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, 530021, China
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23
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Van Herck MA, Weyler J, Kwanten WJ, Dirinck EL, De Winter BY, Francque SM, Vonghia L. The Differential Roles of T Cells in Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease and Obesity. Front Immunol 2019; 10:82. [PMID: 30787925 PMCID: PMC6372559 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.00082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 155] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2018] [Accepted: 01/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) constitutes a spectrum of disease states characterized by hepatic steatosis and is closely associated to obesity and the metabolic syndrome. In non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), additionally, inflammatory changes and hepatocellular damage are present, representing a more severe condition, for which the treatment is an unmet medical need. Pathophysiologically, the immune system is one of the main drivers of NAFLD progression and other obesity-related comorbidities, and both the innate and adaptive immune system are involved. T cells form the cellular component of the adaptive immune system and consist of multiple differentially active subsets, i.e., T helper (Th) cells, regulatory T (Treg) cells, and cytotoxic T (Tc) cells, as well as several innate T-cell subsets. This review focuses on the role of these T-cell subsets in the pathogenesis of NAFLD, as well as the association with obesity and type 2 diabetes mellitus, reviewing the available evidence from both animal and human studies. Briefly, Th1, Th2, Th17, and Th22 cells seem to have an attenuating effect on adiposity. Th2, Th22, and Treg cells seem to decrease insulin resistance, whereas Th1, Th17, and Tc cells have an aggravating effect. Concerning NAFLD, both Th22 and Treg cells appear to have an overall tempering effect, whereas Th17 and Tc cells seem to induce more liver damage and fibrosis progression. The evidence regarding the role of the innate T-cell subsets is more controversial and warrants further exploration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mikhaïl A Van Herck
- Laboratory of Experimental Medicine and Pediatrics, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium.,Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Antwerp University Hospital, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Jonas Weyler
- Laboratory of Experimental Medicine and Pediatrics, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium.,Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Antwerp University Hospital, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Wilhelmus J Kwanten
- Laboratory of Experimental Medicine and Pediatrics, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium.,Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Antwerp University Hospital, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Eveline L Dirinck
- Laboratory of Experimental Medicine and Pediatrics, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium.,Department of Endocrinology, Diabetology and Metabolism, Antwerp University Hospital, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Benedicte Y De Winter
- Laboratory of Experimental Medicine and Pediatrics, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Sven M Francque
- Laboratory of Experimental Medicine and Pediatrics, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium.,Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Antwerp University Hospital, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Luisa Vonghia
- Laboratory of Experimental Medicine and Pediatrics, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium.,Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Antwerp University Hospital, Antwerp, Belgium
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24
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Laparra A, Tricot S, Le Van M, Damouche A, Gorwood J, Vaslin B, Favier B, Benoist S, Ho Tsong Fang R, Bosquet N, Le Grand R, Chapon C, Lambotte O, Bourgeois C. The Frequencies of Immunosuppressive Cells in Adipose Tissue Differ in Human, Non-human Primate, and Mouse Models. Front Immunol 2019; 10:117. [PMID: 30804937 PMCID: PMC6371887 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.00117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2018] [Accepted: 01/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Although the metabolic properties of white adipose tissue have been extensively characterized, the tissue's immune properties are now attracting renewed interest. Early experiments in a mouse model suggested that white adipose tissue contains a high density of regulatory T cells (Tregs), and so it was assumed that all adipose tissue has an immunosuppressive profile—even though the investigation was limited to visceral body fat in relatively old male mice. This observation was also corroborated by high frequencies of other cell subsets with immunoregulatory properties, such as anti-inflammatory M2 macrophages, and regulatory B cells. Many studies have since evidenced the persistence of pathogens (trypanosomes, Mycobacterium tuberculosis, HIV, etc.) in adipose tissue. However, a recent report identified adipose tissue as a reservoir of memory T cells capable of protecting animals upon rechallenge. The immune potential of lean adipose tissue thus remains to be further investigated. Here, we compared the relative proportions of immune cells (and Tregs in particular) in lean adipose tissue collected from humans, a non-human primate (the cynomolgus macaque), and three mouse models. We demonstrated that the proportion of Foxp3+ Tregs in visceral adipose tissue was low in all models other than the C57Bl/6 mouse. These low values were not linked to correspondingly low proportions of effector cells because T lymphocytes (a main target of Treg suppression) were more frequent in cynomolgus macaques than in C57Bl/6 mice and (to a lesser extent) humans. In contrast, the proportions of macrophages and B cells were lower in cynomolgus macaques than in C57Bl/6 mice. We also observed a higher proportion of CD34+CD45- cells (which predominantly correspond to mesenchymal stem cells) in C57Bl/6 mouse and cynomolgus macaques than in humans and both for subcutaneous and visceral adipose tissues. Lastly, a microscopy analysis confirmed predominant proportion of adipocytes within adipose tissue, and highlighted a marked difference in adipocyte size among the three species studied. In conclusion, our study of lean, middle-aged, male individuals showed that the immune compartment of adipose tissue differed markedly in humans vs. mice, and suggesting the presence of a more inflammatory steady-state profile in humans than mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ariane Laparra
- CEA - Université Paris Sud 11 - INSERM U1184, Immunology of Viral Infections and Autoimmune Diseases, IDMIT Department, IBFJ, Fontenay-aux-Roses, France
| | - Sabine Tricot
- CEA - Université Paris Sud 11 - INSERM U1184, Immunology of Viral Infections and Autoimmune Diseases, IDMIT Department, IBFJ, Fontenay-aux-Roses, France
| | - Mélanie Le Van
- CEA - Université Paris Sud 11 - INSERM U1184, Immunology of Viral Infections and Autoimmune Diseases, IDMIT Department, IBFJ, Fontenay-aux-Roses, France
| | - Abderaouf Damouche
- CEA - Université Paris Sud 11 - INSERM U1184, Immunology of Viral Infections and Autoimmune Diseases, IDMIT Department, IBFJ, Fontenay-aux-Roses, France
| | - Jennifer Gorwood
- CEA - Université Paris Sud 11 - INSERM U1184, Immunology of Viral Infections and Autoimmune Diseases, IDMIT Department, IBFJ, Fontenay-aux-Roses, France
| | - Bruno Vaslin
- CEA - Université Paris Sud 11 - INSERM U1184, Immunology of Viral Infections and Autoimmune Diseases, IDMIT Department, IBFJ, Fontenay-aux-Roses, France
| | - Benoit Favier
- CEA - Université Paris Sud 11 - INSERM U1184, Immunology of Viral Infections and Autoimmune Diseases, IDMIT Department, IBFJ, Fontenay-aux-Roses, France
| | - Stéphane Benoist
- Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpital Bicêtre, Service de Chirurgie Digestive et Oncologique, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France
| | - Raphael Ho Tsong Fang
- CEA - Université Paris Sud 11 - INSERM U1184, Immunology of Viral Infections and Autoimmune Diseases, IDMIT Department, IBFJ, Fontenay-aux-Roses, France
| | - Nathalie Bosquet
- CEA - Université Paris Sud 11 - INSERM U1184, Immunology of Viral Infections and Autoimmune Diseases, IDMIT Department, IBFJ, Fontenay-aux-Roses, France
| | - Roger Le Grand
- CEA - Université Paris Sud 11 - INSERM U1184, Immunology of Viral Infections and Autoimmune Diseases, IDMIT Department, IBFJ, Fontenay-aux-Roses, France
| | - Catherine Chapon
- CEA - Université Paris Sud 11 - INSERM U1184, Immunology of Viral Infections and Autoimmune Diseases, IDMIT Department, IBFJ, Fontenay-aux-Roses, France
| | - Olivier Lambotte
- CEA - Université Paris Sud 11 - INSERM U1184, Immunology of Viral Infections and Autoimmune Diseases, IDMIT Department, IBFJ, Fontenay-aux-Roses, France.,Université Paris Sud, Le Kremlin Bicêtre, France.,Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Service de Médecine Interne et Immunologie Clinique, Groupe Hospitalier Universitaire Paris Sud, Hôpital Bicêtre, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France
| | - Christine Bourgeois
- CEA - Université Paris Sud 11 - INSERM U1184, Immunology of Viral Infections and Autoimmune Diseases, IDMIT Department, IBFJ, Fontenay-aux-Roses, France
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25
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Xu Q, Jia H, Ma L, Liu G, Xu C, Li Y, Li X, Li X. All-trans retinoic acid inhibits lipopolysaccharide-induced inflammatory responses in bovine adipocytes via TGFβ1/Smad3 signaling pathway. BMC Vet Res 2019; 15:48. [PMID: 30709353 PMCID: PMC6359792 DOI: 10.1186/s12917-019-1791-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2018] [Accepted: 01/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Dairy cows with metabolic disorder in peripartal period display high inflammatory levels. Adipose tissue is a major endocrine organ, which is closely related to systemic inflammation. Retinoic acid (RA), an active metabolite of vitamin A, has shown potential therapeutic immunomodulatory properties. The objective of the study was to examine the effect of all-trans-RA (ATRA), the biologically most active metabolite of vitamin A, on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced bovine adipocytes inflammatory responses and elucidate the underlying mechanisms. Primary cultured bovine adipocytes were treated with ATRA in the presence or absence of LPS. The treated cells were examined for the inflammatory responses and the activity of transforming growth factor beta 1 (TGFβ1) /Smad3 signaling pathway. RESULTS LPS treatment significantly decreased the expression levels of TGFβ1/Smad3 components and increased the content of pro-inflammatory cytokines. Treatment with ATRA could over-activate TGFβ1/Smad3 signaling pathway in bovine adipocytes and reversed the over-production of pro-inflammatory cytokines and inhibition of anti-inflammatory cytokines induced by LPS. Importantly, inhibition of TGFβ1/Smad3 signaling diminished the effects of ATRA on suppressing the proinflammatory responses induced by LPS. Furthermore, activation of TGFβ1/Smad3 signaling further extended the effects of ATRA on suppressing the proinflammatory responses on LPS stimulation. CONCLUSION In conclusion, ATRA stimulates TGFβ1/Smad3 signaling pathway and further suppresses bovine adipocytes inflammatory responses induced by LPS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiushi Xu
- Key Laboratory of Zoonoses Research, Ministry of Education, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Hongdou Jia
- Key Laboratory of Zoonoses Research, Ministry of Education, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Li Ma
- Key Laboratory of Zoonoses Research, Ministry of Education, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Guowen Liu
- Key Laboratory of Zoonoses Research, Ministry of Education, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Chuang Xu
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing, China
| | - Ying Li
- Key Laboratory of Zoonoses Research, Ministry of Education, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Xinwei Li
- Key Laboratory of Zoonoses Research, Ministry of Education, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China.
| | - Xiaobing Li
- Key Laboratory of Zoonoses Research, Ministry of Education, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China.
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26
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Wu D, Han JM, Yu X, Lam AJ, Hoeppli RE, Pesenacker AM, Huang Q, Chen V, Speake C, Yorke E, Nguyen N, Sampath S, Harris D, Levings MK. Characterization of regulatory T cells in obese omental adipose tissue in humans. Eur J Immunol 2019; 49:336-347. [DOI: 10.1002/eji.201847570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2018] [Revised: 11/09/2018] [Accepted: 12/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Dan Wu
- Department of SurgeryUniversity of British Columbia Vancouver BC Canada
- BC Children's Hospital Research Institute Vancouver BC Canada
| | - Jonathan M. Han
- Department of SurgeryUniversity of British Columbia Vancouver BC Canada
- BC Children's Hospital Research Institute Vancouver BC Canada
| | - Xin Yu
- Prevention of Organ Failure (PROOF) Centre of Excellence Vancouver BC Canada
| | - Avery J. Lam
- Department of SurgeryUniversity of British Columbia Vancouver BC Canada
- BC Children's Hospital Research Institute Vancouver BC Canada
| | - Romy E. Hoeppli
- Department of SurgeryUniversity of British Columbia Vancouver BC Canada
- BC Children's Hospital Research Institute Vancouver BC Canada
| | - Anne M. Pesenacker
- Department of SurgeryUniversity of British Columbia Vancouver BC Canada
- BC Children's Hospital Research Institute Vancouver BC Canada
| | - Qing Huang
- Department of SurgeryUniversity of British Columbia Vancouver BC Canada
- BC Children's Hospital Research Institute Vancouver BC Canada
| | - Virginia Chen
- Prevention of Organ Failure (PROOF) Centre of Excellence Vancouver BC Canada
| | - Cate Speake
- Diabetes Clinical Research ProgramBenaroya Research Institute Seattle WA USA
| | - Ekua Yorke
- Department of SurgeryUniversity of British Columbia Vancouver BC Canada
- Richmond Metabolic and Bariatric Surgery ProgramRichmond Hospital Richmond BC Canada
| | - Nam Nguyen
- Department of SurgeryUniversity of British Columbia Vancouver BC Canada
- Richmond Metabolic and Bariatric Surgery ProgramRichmond Hospital Richmond BC Canada
| | - Sharadh Sampath
- Department of SurgeryUniversity of British Columbia Vancouver BC Canada
- Richmond Metabolic and Bariatric Surgery ProgramRichmond Hospital Richmond BC Canada
| | - David Harris
- Richmond Metabolic and Bariatric Surgery ProgramRichmond Hospital Richmond BC Canada
- Department of MedicineUniversity of British Columbia Vancouver BC Canada
| | - Megan K. Levings
- Department of SurgeryUniversity of British Columbia Vancouver BC Canada
- BC Children's Hospital Research Institute Vancouver BC Canada
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27
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Zeng Q, Sun X, Xiao L, Xie Z, Bettini M, Deng T. A Unique Population: Adipose-Resident Regulatory T Cells. Front Immunol 2018; 9:2075. [PMID: 30323806 PMCID: PMC6172295 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.02075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2018] [Accepted: 08/21/2018] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Regulatory T (Treg) cell is well known for its anti-inflammatory function in a variety of tissues in health and disease. Accordingly, Treg cells that reside in adipose tissue exhibit specific phenotypes. Their numbers are regulated by age, gender and environmental factors, such as diet and cold stimulation. Adipose-resident Treg cells have been suggested to be critical regulators of immune and metabolic microenvironment in adipose tissue, as well as involved in pathogenesis of obesity-related metabolic disorders. This review surveys existing information on adipose-resident Treg cells. We first describe the origin, phenotype and function of adipose-resident Treg cells. We then describe the major regulators of adipose-resident Treg cells, and discuss how the adipose-resident Treg cells are regulated in lean and obese conditions, especially in humans. Finally, we highlight their therapeutic potential in obesity-related disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qin Zeng
- Department of Metabolism and Endocrinology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Xiaoxiao Sun
- Department of Metabolism and Endocrinology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Key Laboratory of Diabetes Immunology, Central South University, Ministry of Education, Changsha, China
| | - Liuling Xiao
- Center for Bioenergetics, Weill Cornell Medical College, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Zhiguo Xie
- Department of Metabolism and Endocrinology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Maria Bettini
- Section of Diabetes and Endocrinology, Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, McNair Medical Institute, Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Tuo Deng
- Department of Metabolism and Endocrinology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Key Laboratory of Diabetes Immunology, Central South University, Ministry of Education, Changsha, China.,Center for Bioenergetics, Weill Cornell Medical College, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, TX, United States
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28
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Th17 and Treg lymphocytes in obesity and Type 2 diabetic patients. Clin Immunol 2018; 197:77-85. [PMID: 30218707 DOI: 10.1016/j.clim.2018.09.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2018] [Revised: 08/09/2018] [Accepted: 09/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Assumption that the pathogenesis of obesity-associated type 2 diabetes (T2DM) encompasses inflammation and autoimmune aspects is increasingly recognized. In the state of obesity and T2DM, the imbalance of T helper 17 (Th17) cells and regulatory T (Treg) cells are observed. These alterations reflect a loss of T cell homeostasis, which may contribute to tissue and systemic inflammation and immunity in T2DM. In this review we will discuss the accumulating data supporting the concept that Th17/Treg mediated immune responses are present in obesity-related T2DM pathogenesis, and provide evidences that restoration of Th17/Treg imbalance may be a possible therapeutic avenue for the prevention and treatment of T2DM and its complications.
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29
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de Carvalho Marchesin J, Celiberto LS, Orlando AB, de Medeiros AI, Pinto RA, Zuanon JAS, Spolidorio LC, dos Santos A, Taranto MP, Cavallini DCU. A soy-based probiotic drink modulates the microbiota and reduces body weight gain in diet-induced obese mice. J Funct Foods 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2018.07.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
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30
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Liu Y, Xu D, Yin C, Wang S, Wang M, Xiao Y. IL-10/STAT3 is reduced in childhood obesity with hypertriglyceridemia and is related to triglyceride level in diet-induced obese rats. BMC Endocr Disord 2018; 18:39. [PMID: 29895283 PMCID: PMC5998569 DOI: 10.1186/s12902-018-0265-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2017] [Accepted: 06/01/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The prevalence of childhood obesity and obesity-related metabolic disorder such as dyslipidemia has sharply increased in the past few decades. Chronic low-grade inflammation is associated with the development of comorbidities and poor prognosis in obesity. This study aims to evaluate interleukin-10 (IL-10) in childhood obesity with hypertriglyceridemia. METHOD We evaluated IL-10 and signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) mRNA expression in adipose tissue (AT) as well as serum IL-10 in 62 children of 3 groups and in high-fat diet (HFD) induced obese rat. Expression of IL-10 and STAT3 protein in AT of diet-induced obese rats were examined over feed period. RESULTS Adipose IL-10 and STAT3 mRNA expression and serum IL-10 reduced in obese children with hypertriglyceridemia and in HFD obese rats. The protein expression of IL-10 and STAT3 decreased in AT of obese rats compared with the control rats at end time. Expression of IL-10 mRNA was negatively correlated to TG and LDL-C levels, and positively correlated to HDL-C, adiponectin and serum IL-10 levels. CONCLUSIONS IL-10 expression and its downstream JAK-STAT pathway are down-regulated in obese children with hypertriglyceridemia and in HFD obese rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuesheng Liu
- Department of Pediatrics, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University, 157 Xiwu Road, Xi’an, Shaanxi, 710061 People’s Republic of China
| | - Dong Xu
- Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430030 People’s Republic of China
| | - Chunyan Yin
- Department of Pediatrics, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University, 157 Xiwu Road, Xi’an, Shaanxi, 710061 People’s Republic of China
| | - Sisi Wang
- Department of Pediatrics, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University, 157 Xiwu Road, Xi’an, Shaanxi, 710061 People’s Republic of China
| | - Min Wang
- Department of Pediatrics, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University, 157 Xiwu Road, Xi’an, Shaanxi, 710061 People’s Republic of China
| | - Yanfeng Xiao
- Department of Pediatrics, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University, 157 Xiwu Road, Xi’an, Shaanxi, 710061 People’s Republic of China
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31
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Kitamura H, Saito N, Fujimoto J, Nakashima KI, Fujikura D. Brazilian propolis ethanol extract and its component kaempferol induce myeloid-derived suppressor cells from macrophages of mice in vivo and in vitro. Altern Ther Health Med 2018; 18:138. [PMID: 29720160 PMCID: PMC5930496 DOI: 10.1186/s12906-018-2198-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2018] [Accepted: 04/10/2018] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Background Brazilian green propolis is produced by mixing secretions from Africanized honey bees with exudate, mainly from Baccharis dracunculifolia. Brazilian propolis is especially rich in flavonoids and cinammic acid derivatives, and it has been widely used in folk medicine owing to its anti-inflammatory, anti-viral, tumoricidal, and analgesic effects. Moreover, it is applied to prevent metabolic disorders, such as type 2 diabetes and arteriosclerosis. Previously, we demonstrated that propolis ethanol extract ameliorated type 2 diabetes in a mouse model through the resolution of adipose tissue inflammation. The aims of this study were to identify the immunosuppressive cells directly elicited by propolis extract and to evaluate the flavonoids that induce such cells. Methods Ethanol extract of Brazilian propolis (PEE; 100 mg/kg i.p., twice a week) was injected into lean or high fat-fed obese C57BL/6 mice or C57BL/6 ob/ob mice for one month. Subsequently, immune cells in visceral adipose tissue and the peritoneal cavity were monitored using FACS analysis. Isolated macrophages and the macrophage-like cell line J774.1 were treated with PEE and its constituent components, and the expression of immune suppressive myeloid markers were evaluated. Finally, we injected one of the identified compounds, kaempferol, into C57BL/6 mice and performed FACS analysis on the adipose tissue. Results Intraperitoneal treatment of PEE induces CD11b+, Gr-1+ myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) in visceral adipose tissue and the peritoneal cavity of lean and obese mice. PEE directly stimulates cultured M1 macrophages to transdifferentiate into MDSCs. Among twelve compounds isolated from PEE, kaempferol has an exclusive effect on MDSCs induction in vitro. Accordingly, intraperitoneal injection of kaempferol causes accumulation of MDSCs in the visceral adipose tissue of mice. Conclusion Brazilian PEE and its compound kaempferol strongly induce MDSCs in visceral adipose tissue at a relatively early phase of inflammation. Given the strong anti-inflammatory action of MDSCs, the induction of MDSCs by PEE and kaempferol is expected to be useful for anti-diabetic and anti-inflammatory therapies. Graphical Abstract ![]()
Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12906-018-2198-5) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Role of MMP-1 (-519A/G, -1607 1G/2G), MMP-3 (Lys45Glu), MMP-7 (-181A/G), and MMP-12 (-82A/G) Variants and Plasma MMP Levels on Obesity-Related Phenotypes and Microvascular Reactivity in a Tunisian Population. DISEASE MARKERS 2017; 2017:6198526. [PMID: 29317790 PMCID: PMC5727656 DOI: 10.1155/2017/6198526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2017] [Revised: 10/04/2017] [Accepted: 10/19/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Aims The impact of MMP-1 (-519A/G, -1607 1G/2G), MMP-3 Lys45Glu (A/G), MMP-7 -181A/G, and MMP-12 -82A/G variants and plasma MMP levels on obesity and microvascular reactivity in Tunisians. Methods Our population included 202 nonobese and 168 obese subjects. Anthropometric, biochemical, and microvascular parameters were determined according to standard protocols. PCR-RFLP and ELISA were used to determine the genetic variants and levels of MMPs, respectively. Results The MMP-3 45Glu (G) allele associates with higher anthropometric values and MMP-3 levels compared to AA genotype carriers (BMI (kg/m2): 30 ± 0.51 versus 27.33 ± 0.8, P = 0.004; MMP-3 levels: 7.45 (4.77–11.91) versus 5.21 (3.60–10.21) ng/ml, P = 0.006). The MMP-12 -82G allele was also associated with higher BMI values when compared to subjects carrying the AA genotype (31.41 ± 0.85 versus 28.76 ± 0.43, P < 0.001). Individuals carrying the MMP-3 45G or MMP-12 -82G variants were also associated with a higher risk for severe forms of obesity (MMP-3: OR = 1.9, P = 0.002; MMP-12: OR = 2.63, P = 0.003). Similarly, the MMP-7 -181G allele was associated with a higher MMP-7 level and an increased risk for morbid obesity when compared to AA genotype carriers (0.32 (0.31–0.60) versus 0.18 (0.17–0.24) ng/ml, P = 0.01; OR = 1.67, P = 0.02, resp.). Conclusion MMP-3, MMP-7, and MMP-12 polymorphisms associate with obesity risk and its severity.
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Becker M, Levings MK, Daniel C. Adipose-tissue regulatory T cells: Critical players in adipose-immune crosstalk. Eur J Immunol 2017; 47:1867-1874. [PMID: 28849586 DOI: 10.1002/eji.201646739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2017] [Revised: 07/13/2017] [Accepted: 08/24/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Obesity and type-2 diabetes (T2D) are associated with metabolic defects and inflammatory processes in fat depots. FoxP3+ regulatory T cells (Tregs) control immune tolerance, and have an important role in controlling tissue-specific inflammation. In this mini-review we will discuss current insights into how cross-talk between T cells and adipose tissue shapes the inflammatory environment in obesity-associated metabolic diseases, focusing on the role of CD4+ T cells and Tregs. We will also highlight potential opportunities for how the immunoregulatory properties of Tregs could be harnessed to control inflammation in obesity and T2D and emphasize the critical need for more research on humans to establish mechanisms that are conserved in both mice and humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maike Becker
- Institute for Diabetes Research, Research Group Immune Tolerance in Diabetes, Helmholtz Diabetes Center at Helmholtz Zentrum München, Munich, Germany.,Deutsches Zentrum für Diabetesforschung (DZD), Munich, Germany
| | - Megan K Levings
- Department of Surgery University of British Columbia and BC Children's Hospital Research Institute, Vancouver, B.C. Canada
| | - Carolin Daniel
- Institute for Diabetes Research, Research Group Immune Tolerance in Diabetes, Helmholtz Diabetes Center at Helmholtz Zentrum München, Munich, Germany.,Deutsches Zentrum für Diabetesforschung (DZD), Munich, Germany
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Bharath LP, Ip BC, Nikolajczyk BS. Adaptive Immunity and Metabolic Health: Harmony Becomes Dissonant in Obesity and Aging. Compr Physiol 2017; 7:1307-1337. [PMID: 28915326 DOI: 10.1002/cphy.c160042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Adipose tissue (AT) is the primary energy reservoir organ, and thereby plays a critical role in energy homeostasis and regulation of metabolism. AT expands in response to chronic overnutrition or aging and becomes a major source of inflammation that has marked influence on systemic metabolism. The chronic, sterile inflammation that occurs in the AT during the development of obesity or in aging contributes to onset of devastating diseases such as insulin resistance, diabetes, and cardiovascular pathologies. Numerous studies have shown that inflammation in the visceral AT of humans and animals is a critical trigger for the development of metabolic syndrome. This work underscores the well-supported conclusion that the inflammatory immune response and metabolic pathways in the AT are tightly interwoven by multiple layers of relatively conserved mechanisms. During the development of diet-induced obesity or age-associated adiposity, cells of the innate and the adaptive immune systems infiltrate and proliferate in the AT. Macrophages, which dominate AT-associated immune cells in mouse models of obesity, but are less dominant in obese people, have been studied extensively. However, cells of the adaptive immune system, including T cells and B cells, contribute significantly to AT inflammation, perhaps more in humans than in mice. Lymphocytes regulate recruitment of innate immune cells into AT, and produce cytokines that influence the helpful-to-harmful inflammatory balance that, in turn, regulates organismal metabolism. This review describes inflammation, or more precisely, metabolic inflammation (metaflammation) with an eye toward the AT and the roles lymphocytes play in regulation of systemic metabolism during obesity and aging. © 2017 American Physiological Society. Compr Physiol 7:1307-1337, 2017.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leena P Bharath
- Department of Microbiology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Blanche C Ip
- Department of Microbiology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.,Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Physiology and Biotechnology, Center of Biomedical Engineering, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island, USA
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF THE REVIEW Obesity and type 2 diabetes (T2D) are considered chronic inflammatory diseases. While early publications have reported the implication of innate immune cells such as macrophages to promote systemic inflammation and metabolic dysfunctions, recent publications underline the alterations of the T cell compartment in human obesity and type 2 diabetes. These recent findings are the focus of this review. RECENT FINDINGS In humans, obesity and T2D induce the expansion of proinflammatory T cells such as CD4 Th1, Th17, and CD8 populations, whereas innate T cells such as MAIT and iNKT cells are decreased. These alterations reflect a loss of total T cell homeostasis that may contribute to tissue and systemic inflammation. Whether these changes are adaptive to nutritional variations and/or contribute to the progression of metabolic diseases remains to be clarified. T cell phenotyping may improve obese and/or T2D patient stratification with therapeutic and prognostic implications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sothea Touch
- INSERM, UMR_S 1166, Team 6 Nutriomics, 75013, Paris, France
- Sorbonne Universités, UPMC University Paris 06, UMR_S 1166, 75005, Paris, France
- ICAN, Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris, Institute of Cardiometabolism and Nutrition, 75013, Paris, France
| | - Karine Clément
- INSERM, UMR_S 1166, Team 6 Nutriomics, 75013, Paris, France
- Sorbonne Universités, UPMC University Paris 06, UMR_S 1166, 75005, Paris, France
- ICAN, Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris, Institute of Cardiometabolism and Nutrition, 75013, Paris, France
- Nutrition, Endocrinology and Cardiology Departments, Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris, Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, 75013, Paris, France
| | - Sébastien André
- INSERM, UMR_S 1166, Team 6 Nutriomics, 75013, Paris, France.
- Sorbonne Universités, UPMC University Paris 06, UMR_S 1166, 75005, Paris, France.
- ICAN, Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris, Institute of Cardiometabolism and Nutrition, 75013, Paris, France.
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Damouche A, Pourcher G, Pourcher V, Benoist S, Busson E, Lataillade JJ, Le Van M, Lazure T, Adam J, Favier B, Vaslin B, Müller-Trutwin M, Lambotte O, Bourgeois C. High proportion of PD-1-expressing CD4 + T cells in adipose tissue constitutes an immunomodulatory microenvironment that may support HIV persistence. Eur J Immunol 2017; 47:2113-2123. [PMID: 28762530 DOI: 10.1002/eji.201747060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2017] [Revised: 06/14/2017] [Accepted: 07/26/2017] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
We and others have demonstrated that adipose tissue is a reservoir for HIV. Evaluation of the mechanisms responsible for viral persistence may lead to ways of reducing these reservoirs. Here, we evaluated the immune characteristics of adipose tissue in HIV-infected patients receiving antiretroviral therapy (ART) and in non-HIV-infected patients. We notably sought to determine whether adipose tissue's intrinsic properties and/or HIV induced alteration of the tissue environment may favour viral persistence. ART-controlled HIV infection was associated with a difference in the CD4/CD8 T-cell ratio and an elevated proportion of Treg cells in subcutaneous adipose tissue. No changes in Th1, Th2 and Th17 cell proportions or activation markers expression on T cell (Ki-67, HLA-DR) could be detected, and the percentage of CD69-expressing resident memory CD4+ T cells was not affected. Overall, our results indicate that adipose-tissue-resident CD4+ T cells are not extensively activated during HIV infection. PD-1 was expressed by a high proportion of tissue-resident memory CD4+ T cells in both HIV-infected patients and non-HIV-infected patients. Our findings suggest that adipose tissue's intrinsic immunomodulatory properties may limit immune activation and thus may strongly contribute to viral persistence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abderaouf Damouche
- Univ Paris Sud, UMR INSERM 1184, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France.,CEA, DSV/iMETI, IDMIT, Fontenay-aux-Roses, France
| | - Guillaume Pourcher
- Department of Digestive Diseases, Obesity center, Institut Mutualiste Montsouris, Paris-sud University, Paris, France
| | - Valérie Pourcher
- Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, Service de Maladies Infectieuses et Tropicales, Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Université Paris 06, France
| | - Stéphane Benoist
- Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpital Bicêtre, Service de Chirurgie Digestive et Oncologique, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France
| | - Elodie Busson
- Hôpital d'Instruction des Armées Percy, Centre de Transfusion Sanguine des Armées, Clamart, France
| | - Jean-Jacques Lataillade
- Hôpital d'Instruction des Armées Percy, Centre de Transfusion Sanguine des Armées, Clamart, France
| | - Mélanie Le Van
- Univ Paris Sud, UMR INSERM 1184, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France.,CEA, DSV/iMETI, IDMIT, Fontenay-aux-Roses, France
| | - Thierry Lazure
- Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpital Bicêtre, Service d'anatomo-pathologie, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France
| | - Julien Adam
- Institut Gustave Roussy, Plateforme d'évaluation préclinique, Villejuif, France
| | - Benoit Favier
- Univ Paris Sud, UMR INSERM 1184, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France.,CEA, DSV/iMETI, IDMIT, Fontenay-aux-Roses, France
| | - Bruno Vaslin
- Univ Paris Sud, UMR INSERM 1184, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France.,CEA, DSV/iMETI, IDMIT, Fontenay-aux-Roses, France
| | | | - Olivier Lambotte
- Univ Paris Sud, UMR INSERM 1184, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France.,CEA, DSV/iMETI, IDMIT, Fontenay-aux-Roses, France.,Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpital Bicêtre, Service de Médecine Interne et Immunologie clinique, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France
| | - Christine Bourgeois
- Univ Paris Sud, UMR INSERM 1184, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France.,CEA, DSV/iMETI, IDMIT, Fontenay-aux-Roses, France
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Xu L, Li J, Zhang Y, Zhao P, Zhang X. Regulatory effect of baicalin on the imbalance of Th17/Treg responses in mice with allergic asthma. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2017; 208:199-206. [PMID: 28709893 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2017.07.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2017] [Revised: 06/07/2017] [Accepted: 07/05/2017] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY RELEVANCE Baicalin, a flavonoid compound, was isolated from traditional Chinese medicine Scutellaria baicalensis Georgi. The study aimed to explore the regulatory effect of baicalin on immunological balance of Th17/Treg responses and the possible mechanisms in mice with allergic asthma. MATERIALS AND METHODS Mice were sensitized and challenged with OVA+LPS by intranasal instillation, and were intragastrically treated with baicalin from days 22-36 after sensitization. The organ coefficient of lung was determined. Immunoglobulin E (IgE) level in serum and cytokine IL-17A, IL-6, IL-10 levels in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) were measured by ELISA. Histological changes in lung and airway tissues were observed by hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) and periodic acid-Schiff staining (PAS). The expressions of signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) and forkhead box P3 (FOXP3) in lung tissues were evaluated by immunohistochemistry and western blot methods. RESULTS Baicalin obviously decreased OVA+LPS-induced organ coefficient of lung, inhibited serum IgE and BALF IL-7A and IL-6 secrection, promoted BALF IL-10 secrection in a dose-dependent manner. Histological studies demonstrated that baicalin significantly alleviated OVA+LPS-induced inflammatory responses and mucus secretion in lung and airway tissues. Immunohistochemistry and western blot studies showed that baicalin substantially suppressed STAT3 expression and promoted FOXP3 expression in lung tissues of mice. CONCLUSIONS These findings suggest that baicalin effectively protects against OVA+LPS-induced allergic asthma in mice by regulating the immunological imbalance of Th17/Treg responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu Xu
- Agricultural College of Yanbian University, Gongyuan Street, Yanji, Jilin 133002, PR China.
| | - Jinxia Li
- Agricultural College of Yanbian University, Gongyuan Street, Yanji, Jilin 133002, PR China.
| | - Yu Zhang
- Agricultural College of Yanbian University, Gongyuan Street, Yanji, Jilin 133002, PR China.
| | - Peng Zhao
- Agricultural College of Yanbian University, Gongyuan Street, Yanji, Jilin 133002, PR China.
| | - Xuemei Zhang
- Agricultural College of Yanbian University, Gongyuan Street, Yanji, Jilin 133002, PR China.
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IL-10 and TGF-β unbalanced levels in neutrophils contribute to increase inflammatory cytokine expression in childhood obesity. Eur J Nutr 2017; 57:2421-2430. [DOI: 10.1007/s00394-017-1515-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2017] [Accepted: 07/19/2017] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
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Donninelli G, Del Cornò M, Pierdominici M, Scazzocchio B, Varì R, Varano B, Pacella I, Piconese S, Barnaba V, D'Archivio M, Masella R, Conti L, Gessani S. Distinct Blood and Visceral Adipose Tissue Regulatory T Cell and Innate Lymphocyte Profiles Characterize Obesity and Colorectal Cancer. Front Immunol 2017. [PMID: 28649243 PMCID: PMC5465245 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2017.00643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Visceral adipose tissue (VAT) is a main site where metabolic and immunologic processes interplay to regulate, at local and systemic level, the inflammatory status and immune response. Obesity-associated inflammation and immune dysfunctions are inextricably linked to tumor but, in spite of intense efforts, the mechanisms underpinning this association remain elusive. In this report, we characterized the profile of VAT-associated and circulating innate lymphocyte and regulatory T (Treg) cell subsets underlying inflammatory conditions, such as obesity and colorectal cancer (CRC). Analysis of NK, NKT-like, γδ T, and Treg cell populations in VAT and blood of healthy lean subjects revealed that CD56hi NK and OX40+ Treg cells are more abundant in VAT with respect to blood. Conversely, CD56dim NK and total Treg cells are most present in the circulation, while γδ T lymphocytes are uniformly distributed in the two compartments. Interestingly, a reduced frequency of circulating activated Treg cells, and a concomitant preferential enrichment of OX40-expressing Treg cells in VAT, were selectively observed in obese (Ob) subjects, and directly correlated with body mass index. Likewise, CRC patients were characterized by a specific enrichment of VAT-associated NKT-like cells. In addition, Ob and CRC-affected individuals shared a significant reduction of the Vγ9Vδ2/γδ T cell ratio at systemic level. The alterations in the relative proportions of Treg and NKT-like cells in VAT were found to correlate with the content of pro- and anti-inflammatory polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA), respectively. Overall, these results provide evidence for distinct alterations of the immune cell repertoire in the periphery with respect to the VAT microenvironment that uniquely characterize or are shared by different inflammatory conditions, such as obesity and CRC, and suggest that VAT PUFA composition may represent one of the factors that contribute to shape the immune phenotypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gloria Donninelli
- Center for Gender-Specific Medicine, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy
| | - Manuela Del Cornò
- Center for Gender-Specific Medicine, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy
| | - Marina Pierdominici
- Center for Gender-Specific Medicine, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy
| | | | - Rosaria Varì
- Center for Gender-Specific Medicine, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy
| | - Barbara Varano
- Center for Gender-Specific Medicine, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy
| | - Ilenia Pacella
- Dipartimento di Medicina Interna e Specialità Mediche, Sapienza Università di Roma, Rome, Italy
| | - Silvia Piconese
- Dipartimento di Medicina Interna e Specialità Mediche, Sapienza Università di Roma, Rome, Italy.,Istituto Pasteur Italia-Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti, Rome, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Barnaba
- Dipartimento di Medicina Interna e Specialità Mediche, Sapienza Università di Roma, Rome, Italy.,Istituto Pasteur Italia-Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti, Rome, Italy
| | - Massimo D'Archivio
- Center for Gender-Specific Medicine, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy
| | - Roberta Masella
- Center for Gender-Specific Medicine, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy
| | - Lucia Conti
- Center for Gender-Specific Medicine, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy
| | - Sandra Gessani
- Center for Gender-Specific Medicine, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy
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Sang LX, Chang B, Zhu JF, Yang FL, Li Y, Jiang XF, Wang DN, Lu CL, Sun X. Sodium selenite ameliorates dextran sulfate sodium-induced chronic colitis in mice by decreasing Th1, Th17, and γδT and increasing CD4(+)CD25(+) regulatory T-cell responses. World J Gastroenterol 2017; 23:3850-3863. [PMID: 28638225 PMCID: PMC5467071 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v23.i21.3850] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2016] [Revised: 12/29/2016] [Accepted: 03/15/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM To assess the effect of sodium selenite on the severity of dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-induced colitis in C57BL/6 mice.
METHODS Mice were randomly divided into four groups (n = 10/group): normal group, selenium (Se) group, chronic colitis group, and Se + chronic colitis group. The mice were sacrificed on day 26. Survival rates, clinical symptoms, colon length, and histological changes were determined. The percentages and absolute numbers of immune system cells in the lamina propria lymphocytes (LPL) of the colon, the expression of mRNA in colon tissue, and the concentrations of Th1, Th17, and Treg cytokines in LPL from the large intestine, were measured.
RESULTS Se significantly ameliorated the symptoms of colitis and histological injury (P < 0.05 each), increasing the proportions of neutrophils and CD4+ CD25+ T cells (P < 0.05 each) and decreasing the proportions of γδT cells, CD4+, CD4+CD44+, and CD4+ CD69+ T cells in LPL (P < 0.05 each). Moreover, Se reduced the expression of IL-6, IFN-γ, IL-17A, IL-21, T-bet, and RORγt (P < 0.05 each), but enhanced the expression of IL-10 and Foxp3 (P < 0.05 each).
CONCLUSION These results suggest that Se protects against DSS-induced chronic colitis perhaps by increasing the number of CD4(+)CD25(+) Tregs that suppress the secretion of proinflammatory cytokines and populations of Th1, Th17, and γδT cells.
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Howie D, Cobbold SP, Adams E, Ten Bokum A, Necula AS, Zhang W, Huang H, Roberts DJ, Thomas B, Hester SS, Vaux DJ, Betz AG, Waldmann H. Foxp3 drives oxidative phosphorylation and protection from lipotoxicity. JCI Insight 2017; 2:e89160. [PMID: 28194435 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.89160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 136] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Tregs can adopt a catabolic metabolic program with increased capacity for fatty acid oxidation-fueled oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS). It is unclear why this form of metabolism is favored in Tregs and, more specifically, whether this program represents an adaptation to the environment and developmental cues or is "hardwired" by Foxp3. Here we show, using metabolic analysis and an unbiased mass spectroscopy-based proteomics approach, that Foxp3 is both necessary and sufficient to program Treg-increased respiratory capacity and Tregs' increased ability to utilize fatty acids to fuel oxidative phosphorylation. Foxp3 drives upregulation of components of all the electron transport complexes, increasing their activity and ATP generation by oxidative phosphorylation. Increased fatty acid β-oxidation also results in selective protection of Foxp3+ cells from fatty acid-induced cell death. This observation may provide novel targets for modulating Treg function or selection therapeutically.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Wei Zhang
- Nuffield Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, John Radcliffe Hospital
| | - Honglei Huang
- Radcliffe Department of Medicine, John Radcliffe Hospital
| | - David J Roberts
- Radcliffe Department of Medicine, John Radcliffe Hospital.,National Health Service Blood and Transplant, John Radcliffe Hospital, University of Oxford, Oxford, England, United Kingdom
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Howie D, Cobbold SP, Adams E, Ten Bokum A, Necula AS, Zhang W, Huang H, Roberts DJ, Thomas B, Hester SS, Vaux DJ, Betz AG, Waldmann H. Foxp3 drives oxidative phosphorylation and protection from lipotoxicity. JCI Insight 2017. [PMID: 28194435 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.89160.] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Tregs can adopt a catabolic metabolic program with increased capacity for fatty acid oxidation-fueled oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS). It is unclear why this form of metabolism is favored in Tregs and, more specifically, whether this program represents an adaptation to the environment and developmental cues or is "hardwired" by Foxp3. Here we show, using metabolic analysis and an unbiased mass spectroscopy-based proteomics approach, that Foxp3 is both necessary and sufficient to program Treg-increased respiratory capacity and Tregs' increased ability to utilize fatty acids to fuel oxidative phosphorylation. Foxp3 drives upregulation of components of all the electron transport complexes, increasing their activity and ATP generation by oxidative phosphorylation. Increased fatty acid β-oxidation also results in selective protection of Foxp3+ cells from fatty acid-induced cell death. This observation may provide novel targets for modulating Treg function or selection therapeutically.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Wei Zhang
- Nuffield Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, John Radcliffe Hospital
| | - Honglei Huang
- Radcliffe Department of Medicine, John Radcliffe Hospital
| | - David J Roberts
- Radcliffe Department of Medicine, John Radcliffe Hospital.,National Health Service Blood and Transplant, John Radcliffe Hospital, University of Oxford, Oxford, England, United Kingdom
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McLaughlin T, Ackerman SE, Shen L, Engleman E. Role of innate and adaptive immunity in obesity-associated metabolic disease. J Clin Invest 2017; 127:5-13. [PMID: 28045397 DOI: 10.1172/jci88876] [Citation(s) in RCA: 288] [Impact Index Per Article: 41.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic inflammation in adipose tissue, possibly related to adipose cell hypertrophy, hypoxia, and/or intestinal leakage of bacteria and their metabolic products, likely plays a critical role in the development of obesity-associated insulin resistance (IR). Cells of both the innate and adaptive immune system residing in adipose tissues, as well as in the intestine, participate in this process. Thus, M1 macrophages, IFN-γ-secreting Th1 cells, CD8+ T cells, and B cells promote IR, in part through secretion of proinflammatory cytokines. Conversely, eosinophils, Th2 T cells, type 2 innate lymphoid cells, and possibly Foxp3+ Tregs protect against IR through local control of inflammation.
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The Pathogenesis of Obesity-Associated Adipose Tissue Inflammation. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2017; 960:221-245. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-48382-5_9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 144] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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Leptin − 2548 G > A gene polymorphism is associated with lipids metabolism and TGF-β alteration in sickle cell disease. Meta Gene 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mgene.2016.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
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Characterization of TGF-β expression and signaling profile in the adipose tissue of rats fed with high-fat and energy-restricted diets. J Nutr Biochem 2016; 38:107-115. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2016.07.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2016] [Revised: 06/29/2016] [Accepted: 07/28/2016] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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Mechanick JI, Zhao S, Garvey WT. The Adipokine-Cardiovascular-Lifestyle Network. J Am Coll Cardiol 2016; 68:1785-1803. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jacc.2016.06.072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2016] [Revised: 06/29/2016] [Accepted: 06/29/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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Sang L, Chang B, Zhu J, Yang F, Li Y, Jiang X, Sun X, Lu C, Wang D. Dextran sulfate sodium-induced acute experimental colitis in C57BL/6 mice is mitigated by selenium. Int Immunopharmacol 2016; 39:359-368. [PMID: 27533281 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2016.07.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2015] [Revised: 07/02/2016] [Accepted: 07/29/2016] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sodium selenite has been shown to have a protective role in experimental colitis. Th1 and Th17 responses are involved in the pathogenesis of dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-induced colitis and inflammatory bowel disease. This study investigated whether sodium selenite can suppress Th1/Th17-mediated experimental colitis. METHODS Mice were administered sodium selenite (2μg/g body weight) by gavage daily for 30days. Beginning on day 21, mice were administered 2.5% oral DSS for 9days. The mice were sacrificed on day 31. Survival rates, clinical symptoms, colon lengths, and histological changes were determined. RESULTS Pretreatment with sodium selenite (2μg/g body weight) improved survival rates, colon shortening, body weight loss, disease activity index, and histopathological score in mice with DSS-induced colitis. Pretreatment with sodium selenite restored interleukin-10 and Foxp3 excretion, as well as reducing the levels of interferon-γ and interleukin-17A. CONCLUSIONS Pretreatment with sodium selenite showed therapeutic potential for preventing colitis in mice. This effect may be mediated by the immunomodulation of regulatory T cells, expressing anti-inflammatory genes that suppress Th1 and Th17 responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lixuan Sang
- Department of Immunology, China Medical University, Shenyang, China; Department of Geriatrics, First Affiliated Hospital, China Medical University, Shenyang, China.
| | - Bing Chang
- Department of Gastroenterology, First Affiliated Hospital, China Medical University, Shenyang, China.
| | - Junfeng Zhu
- Department of Immunology, China Medical University, Shenyang, China.
| | - Fangli Yang
- Department of Immunology, China Medical University, Shenyang, China.
| | - Yan Li
- Department of Immunology, China Medical University, Shenyang, China.
| | - Xuefeng Jiang
- Department of Immunology, China Medical University, Shenyang, China.
| | - Xun Sun
- Department of Immunology, China Medical University, Shenyang, China.
| | - Changlong Lu
- Department of Immunology, China Medical University, Shenyang, China.
| | - Danan Wang
- Department of Immunology, China Medical University, Shenyang, China.
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Gyllenhammer LE, Lam J, Alderete TL, Allayee H, Akbari O, Katkhouda N, Goran MI. Lower omental t-regulatory cell count is associated with higher fasting glucose and lower β-cell function in adults with obesity. Obesity (Silver Spring) 2016; 24:1274-82. [PMID: 27133873 PMCID: PMC4882248 DOI: 10.1002/oby.21507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2015] [Revised: 02/01/2016] [Accepted: 02/02/2016] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE T-lymphocytes are potential initiators and regulators of adipose tissue (AT) inflammation, but there is limited human data on omental AT. The aim of this study was to assess the relationship between T cells, particularly Foxp3+ regulatory T (Treg) cells, in human subcutaneous (subQ) and omental AT and type 2 diabetes risk. METHODS SubQ and deep subQ (DsubQ) abdominal and omental AT biopsies were collected from 44 patients (body mass index, BMI ≥25) undergoing elective abdominal surgery. Flow cytometry was used to quantify CD4+ T cell (T effector and Treg) and macrophages (M1 and M2), and systemic inflammation was measured in fasting blood. RESULTS Tregs were significantly lower in omental versus subQ and DsubQ AT, and M1 cell counts were significantly higher in the omental and DsubQ depot relative to the subQ. Only omental AT Tregs were negatively associated with fasting glucose and MCP-1 and positively associated with homeostasis model assessment (HOMA)-β. M1 and M2 cell counts across multiple depots had significant relationships with HOMA-insulin resistance, tumor necrosis factor-α, insulin, and HOMA-β. All relationships were consistent across ethnicities. CONCLUSIONS Tregs were significantly lower in omental versus both subQ adipose depots. Fewer omental Tregs may have metabolic implications based on depot-specific relationships with higher fasting glucose and lower β-cell function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lauren E Gyllenhammer
- Department of Preventive Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Jonathan Lam
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Immunology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Tanya L Alderete
- Department of Preventive Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Hooman Allayee
- Department of Preventive Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Omid Akbari
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Immunology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Namir Katkhouda
- Department of Surgery, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Michael I Goran
- Department of Preventive Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA
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Majdoubi A, Kishta OA, Thibodeau J. Role of antigen presentation in the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines in obese adipose tissue. Cytokine 2016; 82:112-21. [PMID: 26854212 DOI: 10.1016/j.cyto.2016.01.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2015] [Revised: 01/27/2016] [Accepted: 01/27/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Type II diabetes regroups different physiological anomalies that ultimately lead to low-grade chronic inflammation, insulin resistance and loss of pancreatic β-cells. Obesity is one of the best examples of such a condition that can develop into Metabolic Syndrome, causing serious health problems of great socio-economic consequences. The pathological outcome of obesity has a genetic basis and depends on the delicate balance between pro- and anti-inflammatory effectors of the immune system. The causal link between obesity and inflammation is well established. While innate immunity plays a key role in the development of a pro-inflammatory state in obese adipose tissues, it has now become clear that adaptive immune cells are also involved and participate in the cascade of events that lead to metabolic perturbations. The efficacy of some immunotherapeutic protocols in reducing the symptoms of obesity-driven metabolic syndrome in mice implicated all arms of the immune response. Recently, the production of pathogenic immunoglobulins and pro-inflammatory cytokines by B and T lymphocytes suggested an auto-immune basis for the establishment of a non-healthy obese state. Understanding the cellular landscape of obese adipose tissues and how immune cells sustain chronic inflammation holds the key to the development of targeted therapies. In this review, we emphasize the role of antigen-presenting cells and MHC molecules in obese adipose tissue and the general contribution of the adaptive arm of the immune system in inflammation-induced insulin resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdelilah Majdoubi
- Laboratoire d'Immunologie Moléculaire, Département de Microbiologie, Infectiologie et Immunologie, Université de Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Osama A Kishta
- Laboratoire d'Immunologie Moléculaire, Département de Microbiologie, Infectiologie et Immunologie, Université de Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Jacques Thibodeau
- Laboratoire d'Immunologie Moléculaire, Département de Microbiologie, Infectiologie et Immunologie, Université de Montréal, Québec, Canada.
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