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Jang YJ, Yassin W, Mesholam-Gately R, Gershon ES, Keedy S, Pearlson GG, Tamminga CA, McDowell J, Parker DA, Sauer K, Keshavan MS. Characterizing the Relationship between Personality Dimensions and Psychosis-Specific Clinical Characteristics. MEDRXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR HEALTH SCIENCES 2024:2024.06.06.24308169. [PMID: 38883764 PMCID: PMC11178011 DOI: 10.1101/2024.06.06.24308169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/18/2024]
Abstract
Background Past studies associating personality with psychosis have been limited by small nonclinical samples and a focus on general symptom burden. This study uses a large clinical sample to examine personality's relationship with psychosis-specific features and compare personality dimensions across clinically and neurobiologically defined categories of psychoses. Methods A total of 1352 participants with schizophrenia, schizoaffective disorder, and bipolar with psychosis, as well as 623 healthy controls (HC), drawn from the Bipolar-Schizophrenia Network for Intermediate Phenotypes (BSNIP-2) study, were included. Three biomarker-derived biotypes were used to separately categorize the probands. Mean personality factors (openness, conscientiousness, extraversion, agreeableness, and neuroticism) were compared between HC and proband subgroups using independent sample t-tests. A robust linear regression was utilized to determine personality differences across biotypes and diagnostic subgroups. Associations between personality factors and cognition were determined through Pearson's correlation. A canonical correlation was run between the personality factors and general functioning, positive symptoms, and negative symptoms to delineate the relationship between personality and clinical outcomes of psychosis. Results There were significant personality differences between the proband and HC groups across all five personality factors. Overall, the probands had higher neuroticism and lower extraversion, agreeableness, conscientiousness, and openness. Openness showed the greatest difference across the diagnostic subgroups and biotypes, and greatest correlation with cognition. Openness, agreeableness, and extraversion had the strongest associations with symptom severity. Conclusions Individuals with psychosis have different personality profiles compared to HC. In particular, openness may be relevant in distinguishing psychosis-specific phenotypes and experiences, and associated with biological underpinnings of psychosis, including cognition. Further studies should identify potential causal factors and mediators of this relationship.
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Sommer-Trembo C, Santos ME, Clark B, Werner M, Fages A, Matschiner M, Hornung S, Ronco F, Oliver C, Garcia C, Tschopp P, Malinsky M, Salzburger W. The genetics of niche-specific behavioral tendencies in an adaptive radiation of cichlid fishes. Science 2024; 384:470-475. [PMID: 38662824 DOI: 10.1126/science.adj9228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2023] [Accepted: 03/12/2024] [Indexed: 05/03/2024]
Abstract
Behavior is critical for animal survival and reproduction, and possibly for diversification and evolutionary radiation. However, the genetics behind adaptive variation in behavior are poorly understood. In this work, we examined a fundamental and widespread behavioral trait, exploratory behavior, in one of the largest adaptive radiations on Earth, the cichlid fishes of Lake Tanganyika. By integrating quantitative behavioral data from 57 cichlid species (702 wild-caught individuals) with high-resolution ecomorphological and genomic information, we show that exploratory behavior is linked to macrohabitat niche adaptations in Tanganyikan cichlids. Furthermore, we uncovered a correlation between the genotypes at a single-nucleotide polymorphism upstream of the AMPA glutamate-receptor regulatory gene cacng5b and variation in exploratory tendency. We validated this association using behavioral predictions with a neural network approach and CRISPR-Cas9 genome editing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolin Sommer-Trembo
- Zoological Institute, Department of Environmental Sciences, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - M Emília Santos
- Department of Zoology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Bethan Clark
- Department of Zoology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Marco Werner
- Leibniz-Institute for Polymer Research Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Antoine Fages
- Zoological Institute, Department of Environmental Sciences, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | | | - Simon Hornung
- Zoological Institute, Department of Environmental Sciences, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Fabrizia Ronco
- Zoological Institute, Department of Environmental Sciences, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
- Natural History Museum, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Chantal Oliver
- Zoological Institute, Department of Environmental Sciences, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Cody Garcia
- Zoological Institute, Department of Environmental Sciences, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Patrick Tschopp
- Zoological Institute, Department of Environmental Sciences, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Milan Malinsky
- Department of Biology, Institute of Ecology and Evolution, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Walter Salzburger
- Zoological Institute, Department of Environmental Sciences, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
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3
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Yi H, Xiao M, Chen X, Yan Q, Yang Y, Liu Y, Song S, Gao X, Chen H. Resting-state functional network connectivity underlying conscientiousness in school-aged children. Child Neuropsychol 2024; 30:486-502. [PMID: 37278282 DOI: 10.1080/09297049.2023.2221757] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2022] [Accepted: 05/31/2023] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Conscientiousness is a personality trait that matures from early childhood to late adolescence, yet little is known about its underlying brain mechanisms during this period. To investigate this, our study examined the resting-state functional network connectivity (rsFNC) of 69 school-aged children (mean age = 10.12 years, range = 9-12) using a whole-brain region-of-interest (ROI) based analysis, based on functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI). The results indicated a positive association between conscientiousness and the rsFNC between the fronto-parietal network (FPN) and two brain networks: the somatosensory motor-hand network (SMHN) and the auditory network (AN). However, conscientiousness was negatively associated with the rsFNC between FPN and two other networks: the salience network (SN); the default mode network (DMN). Moreover, our results suggest that the FPN may play a hub role in the neural performance of children's conscientiousness. Intrinsic brain networks, particularly those involved in higher-order cognitive functions, impact children's conscientiousness. Therefore, FPN plays an important role in the development of children's personality, providing insight into the neural mechanisms underlying children's personality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haijing Yi
- Key Laboratory of Cognition and Personality (Ministry of Education), Southwest University, Chongqing, China
- Department of Psychology, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Mingyue Xiao
- Key Laboratory of Cognition and Personality (Ministry of Education), Southwest University, Chongqing, China
- Department of Psychology, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Ximei Chen
- Key Laboratory of Cognition and Personality (Ministry of Education), Southwest University, Chongqing, China
- Department of Psychology, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Qiaoling Yan
- Key Laboratory of Cognition and Personality (Ministry of Education), Southwest University, Chongqing, China
- Department of Psychology, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yue Yang
- Key Laboratory of Cognition and Personality (Ministry of Education), Southwest University, Chongqing, China
- Department of Psychology, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yong Liu
- Key Laboratory of Cognition and Personality (Ministry of Education), Southwest University, Chongqing, China
- Department of Psychology, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Shiqing Song
- Key Laboratory of Cognition and Personality (Ministry of Education), Southwest University, Chongqing, China
- Department of Psychology, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Xiao Gao
- Key Laboratory of Cognition and Personality (Ministry of Education), Southwest University, Chongqing, China
- Department of Psychology, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Hong Chen
- Key Laboratory of Cognition and Personality (Ministry of Education), Southwest University, Chongqing, China
- Department of Psychology, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
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4
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Tobe RH, Tu L, Keefe JR, Breland MM, Ely BA, Sital M, Richard JT, Tural U, Iosifescu DV, Gabbay V. Personality characteristics, not clinical symptoms, are associated with anhedonia in a community sample: A preliminary investigation. J Psychiatr Res 2023; 168:221-229. [PMID: 37922596 PMCID: PMC11334051 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpsychires.2023.10.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2023] [Revised: 10/16/2023] [Accepted: 10/25/2023] [Indexed: 11/07/2023]
Abstract
Anhedonia is a salient transdiagnostic psychiatric symptom associated with increased illness severity and chronicity. Anhedonia is also present to varying degrees in non-clinical cohorts. Here, we sought to examine factors influencing expression of anhedonia. Participants (N = 335) were recruited through the Nathan Kline Institute-Rockland Sample, an initiative to deeply phenotype a large community sample across the lifespan. Utilizing a data-driven approach, we evaluated associations between anhedonia severity, indexed by Snaith-Hamilton Pleasure Scale (SHAPS), and 20 physical, developmental, and clinical measures, including Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-IV, Beck Depression Inventory, State-Trait Anxiety Inventory, NEO Five-Factor Inventory-3 (NEO-FFI-3), BMI, Hemoglobin A1C, and demography. Using a bootstrapped AIC-based backward selection algorithm, seven variables were retained in the final model: NEO-FFI-3 agreeableness, extraversion, and openness to experience; BMI; sex; ethnicity; and race. Though median SHAPS scores were greater in participants with psychiatric diagnoses (18.5) than those without (17.0) (U = 12238.5, z = 2.473, p = 0.013), diagnosis and symptom measures were not retained as significant predictors in the final robust linear model. Participants scoring higher on agreeableness, extraversion, and openness to experience reported significantly lower anhedonia. These results demonstrate personality as a mild-to-moderate but significant driver of differences in experiencing pleasure in a community sample.
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Affiliation(s)
- Russell H Tobe
- Nathan S. Kline Institute for Psychiatric Research, Orangeburg, NY, 10962, USA; Center for the Developing Brain, Child Mind Institute, New York, NY, 10022, USA.
| | - Lucia Tu
- Nathan S. Kline Institute for Psychiatric Research, Orangeburg, NY, 10962, USA
| | - John R Keefe
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, 10461, USA
| | - Melissa M Breland
- Nathan S. Kline Institute for Psychiatric Research, Orangeburg, NY, 10962, USA
| | - Benjamin A Ely
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, 10461, USA
| | - Melissa Sital
- Nathan S. Kline Institute for Psychiatric Research, Orangeburg, NY, 10962, USA
| | - Jasmin T Richard
- Nathan S. Kline Institute for Psychiatric Research, Orangeburg, NY, 10962, USA; Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, 10461, USA
| | - Umit Tural
- Nathan S. Kline Institute for Psychiatric Research, Orangeburg, NY, 10962, USA
| | - Dan V Iosifescu
- Nathan S. Kline Institute for Psychiatric Research, Orangeburg, NY, 10962, USA; Department of Psychiatry, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, 10016, USA
| | - Vilma Gabbay
- Nathan S. Kline Institute for Psychiatric Research, Orangeburg, NY, 10962, USA; Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Miami Leonard M. Miller School of Medicine, Coral Gables, FL, 33124, USA
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Ristić I, Knežević G, Ristić DI, Miljević Č, Jerotić S, Marić NP. Do people diagnosed with psychosis spectrum disorders share the same personality space as the general population? Big Five complemented by the proneness to psychotic-like experiences/behaviors. J Pers 2023; 91:1381-1394. [PMID: 36660808 DOI: 10.1111/jopy.12814] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2021] [Revised: 11/21/2022] [Accepted: 01/16/2023] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Disintegration is a recently proposed broad, trait-like reconceptualization of the proneness to psychotic-like experiences/behaviors. METHODS We tested the assumption that the 6-factor model (Five-Factor traits plus Disintegration) was the most adequate one and that it was invariant across clinical and non-clinical populations. The clinical sample (n = 161) consisted of patients who had at least one psychotic episode, duration of illness less than 10 years, currently in remission. The general population (n = 409) was matched with the patient sample by age, gender, and education. NEO PI-R and DELTA were used to measure personality dimensions in both samples. Invariance of one to six-factor solutions was tested by Exploratory Structural Equation Modeling. RESULTS We found that: (a) several criteria for deciding on the number of factors to retain converged to the conclusion that the assumed 6-factor model was the most adequate one, (b) the assumed factorial structure appeared to satisfy the criteria for the scalar invariance across the two samples, (c) all nine Disintegration subdimensions separated from the Big Five, forming the Disintegration factor, and (d) Disintegration was unrelated to Openness. CONCLUSION The Big Five personality structure-complemented with disintegration-was invariant across individuals from the general population and patients with psychosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivan Ristić
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
- Institute of Mental Health, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Goran Knežević
- Faculty of Philosophy, Department of Psychology, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Dragana Ignjatović Ristić
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Kragujevac, Kragujevac, Serbia
- Clinic for Psychiatry, Clinical Center of Kragujevac, Kragujevac, Serbia
| | - Čedo Miljević
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
- Institute of Mental Health, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Stefan Jerotić
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
- Clinic for Psychiatry, University Clinical Centre of Serbia, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Nađa P Marić
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
- Institute of Mental Health, Belgrade, Serbia
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6
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Chen EYH, Wong SMY, Tang EYH, Lei LKS, Suen YN, Hui CLM. Spurious Autobiographical Memory of Psychosis: A Mechanistic Hypothesis for the Resolution, Persistence, and Recurrence of Positive Symptoms in Psychotic Disorders. Brain Sci 2023; 13:1069. [PMID: 37509001 PMCID: PMC10376952 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci13071069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2023] [Revised: 07/06/2023] [Accepted: 07/12/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Psychotic disorders are complex disorders with multiple etiologies. While increased dopamine synthesis capacity has been proposed to underlie psychotic episodes, dopamine-independent processes are also involved (less responsive to dopamine receptor-blocking medications). The underlying mechanism(s) of the reduction in antipsychotic responsiveness over time, especially after repeated relapses, remain unclear. Despite the consistent evidence of dopamine overactivity and hippocampal volume loss in schizophrenia, few accounts have been provided based on the interactive effect of dopamine on hippocampal synapse plasticity mediating autobiographical memory processes. The present hypothesis builds upon previous works showing the potential effects of dopamine overactivity on hippocampal-mediated neuroplasticity underlying autobiographical memory, alongside known patterns of autobiographical memory dysfunction in psychosis. We propose that spurious autobiographical memory of psychosis (SAMP) produced during active psychosis may be a key mechanism mediating relapses and treatment non-responsiveness. In a hyperdopaminergic state, SAMP is expected to be generated at an increased rate during active psychosis. Similar to other memories, it will undergo assimilation, accommodation, and extinction processes. However, if SAMP fails to integrate with existing memory, a discontinuity in autobiographical memory may result. Inadequate exposure to normalizing experiences and hyposalience due to overmedication or negative symptoms may also impede the resolution of SAMP. Residual SAMP is hypothesized to increase the propensity for relapse and treatment non-responsiveness. Based on recent findings on the role of dopamine in facilitating hippocampal synapse plasticity and autobiographical memory formation, the SAMP hypothesis is consistent with clinical observations of DUP effects, including the repetition of contents in psychotic relapses as well as the emergence of treatment non-responsiveness after repeated relapses. Clinical implications of the hypothesis highlight the importance of minimizing active psychosis, integrating psychosis memory, avoiding over-medication, and fostering normalizing experiences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric Y H Chen
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Clinical Medicine, LKS Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
- The State Key Laboratory of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Stephanie M Y Wong
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Clinical Medicine, LKS Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Eric Y H Tang
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Clinical Medicine, LKS Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Lauren K S Lei
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Clinical Medicine, LKS Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Yi-Nam Suen
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Clinical Medicine, LKS Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Christy L M Hui
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Clinical Medicine, LKS Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
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7
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Flensborg-Madsen T, Mortensen EL, Dammeyer J, Wimmelmann CL. Early Motor Developmental Milestones and Personality Traits in Midlife: A 50-Year Follow-Up Study. CHILDREN (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 10:children10040718. [PMID: 37189967 DOI: 10.3390/children10040718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2023] [Revised: 03/31/2023] [Accepted: 04/06/2023] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Background The purpose of this study was to investigate if infants' age at attaining motor developmental milestones is associated with the big five personality traits 50 years later. Methods Mothers of 8395 infants from the Copenhagen Perinatal Cohort recorded a total of 12 motor developmental milestones during the first year of their infant's life. Information on at least one milestone was available for 1307 singletons with adult follow-up scores on the NEO-Five-Factor Inventory. The mean age at personality testing was 50.1 years. Results Slower attainment of motor milestones was associated with increased neuroticism and lower conscientiousness in midlife. All 12 motor developmental milestones explained a total of 2.4% of the variance in neuroticism, while they explained 3.2% of the variance in conscientiousness. These results remained significant after adjustment for the included family and perinatal covariates, as well as adult intelligence. Discussion The personality trait of neuroticism is a general risk factor for psychopathology and has in young adulthood been found to be associated with early motor development. However, evidence on associations of motor developmental milestones with other personality traits has been non-existent. These findings suggest that delays in early motor development may not only characterise individuals with later psychopathology, including schizophrenia, but may also be associated with personality traits such as neuroticism and conscientiousness through the life course.
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Affiliation(s)
- Trine Flensborg-Madsen
- Unit of Medical Psychology, Department of Public Health, University of Copenhagen, 1353 Copenhagen, Denmark
- Center for Healthy Aging, University of Copenhagen, 2200 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Erik Lykke Mortensen
- Unit of Medical Psychology, Department of Public Health, University of Copenhagen, 1353 Copenhagen, Denmark
- Center for Healthy Aging, University of Copenhagen, 2200 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Jesper Dammeyer
- Department of Psychology, University of Copenhagen, 1353 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Cathrine Lawaetz Wimmelmann
- Unit of Medical Psychology, Department of Public Health, University of Copenhagen, 1353 Copenhagen, Denmark
- Center for Healthy Aging, University of Copenhagen, 2200 Copenhagen, Denmark
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8
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Miralles C, Alonso Y, Algora MJ, López-Sánchez L, Sánchez-Gistau V, Vilella E, Baillès E, Gutiérrez-Zotes A, Martorell L. Maladaptive personality traits in patients with recent-onset psychosis: A case-control study using the Personality Inventory for the DSM-5 (PID-5). Schizophr Res 2023; 252:216-224. [PMID: 36669345 DOI: 10.1016/j.schres.2023.01.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2021] [Revised: 07/05/2022] [Accepted: 01/07/2023] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The relationship between maladaptive personality traits and psychotic disorders in the early stages of disease has not been thoroughly investigated, even though it is essential for developing prevention and early intervention strategies. METHODS The five domains and the 25 facets of the Personality Inventory for DSM-5 (PID-5) were compared between 102 patients with recent-onset psychosis (ROP) and 116 community subjects (C) with a general linear model including age and sex in the analyses. In addition, multiple linear regression models were used to identify which factors associated with the PID-5 domains in ROP, and correlation analyses were used to explore the relationship between personality traits. RESULTS Patients with ROP, compared to C, exhibited higher scores in four out of the five domains with medium effect sizes (Cohen's f2 ≥ 0.15) in two of them: negative affect (NA, p = 0.013, f2 = 0.04), detachment (DET, p < 0.001, f2 = 0.15), disinhibition (DIS, p < 0.001, f2 = 0.14) and psychoticism (PSY, p < 0.001, f2 = 0.16). Significant group differences were observed in 15 of the 25 facets and the largest effects were observed in the facets of withdrawal (p ≤ 0.001, f2 = 0.20), irresponsibility (p < 0.001, f2 = 0.23) and unusual beliefs (p = 0.001, f2 = 0.22). Interestingly, being on antidepressants and high scores on the positive subscale of the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS) were associated with high scores of NA, antagonism (ANT) and PSY. CONCLUSIONS Maladaptive personality traits were prominent in persons with ROP. These findings suggest that personality traits might play a role in vulnerability to psychosis and highlight the importance of evaluating personality in the early stages of psychosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carmen Miralles
- Hospital Universitari Institut Pere Mata (HUIPM), Reus, Catalonia, Spain; Institut d'Investigació Sanitària Pere Virgili (IISPV-CERCA), Reus, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Yolanda Alonso
- Hospital Universitari Institut Pere Mata (HUIPM), Reus, Catalonia, Spain; Institut d'Investigació Sanitària Pere Virgili (IISPV-CERCA), Reus, Catalonia, Spain; Universitat Rovira i Virgili (URV), Reus, Catalonia, Spain; Biomedical Network Research Centre on Mental Health (CIBERSAM), Madrid, Spain
| | - M José Algora
- Hospital Universitari Institut Pere Mata (HUIPM), Reus, Catalonia, Spain; Institut d'Investigació Sanitària Pere Virgili (IISPV-CERCA), Reus, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Lorena López-Sánchez
- Hospital Universitari Institut Pere Mata (HUIPM), Reus, Catalonia, Spain; Institut d'Investigació Sanitària Pere Virgili (IISPV-CERCA), Reus, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Vanessa Sánchez-Gistau
- Hospital Universitari Institut Pere Mata (HUIPM), Reus, Catalonia, Spain; Institut d'Investigació Sanitària Pere Virgili (IISPV-CERCA), Reus, Catalonia, Spain; Universitat Rovira i Virgili (URV), Reus, Catalonia, Spain; Biomedical Network Research Centre on Mental Health (CIBERSAM), Madrid, Spain
| | - Elisabet Vilella
- Hospital Universitari Institut Pere Mata (HUIPM), Reus, Catalonia, Spain; Institut d'Investigació Sanitària Pere Virgili (IISPV-CERCA), Reus, Catalonia, Spain; Universitat Rovira i Virgili (URV), Reus, Catalonia, Spain; Biomedical Network Research Centre on Mental Health (CIBERSAM), Madrid, Spain
| | - Eva Baillès
- Departament de Ciències Experimentals i de la Salut, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Alfonso Gutiérrez-Zotes
- Hospital Universitari Institut Pere Mata (HUIPM), Reus, Catalonia, Spain; Institut d'Investigació Sanitària Pere Virgili (IISPV-CERCA), Reus, Catalonia, Spain; Universitat Rovira i Virgili (URV), Reus, Catalonia, Spain; Biomedical Network Research Centre on Mental Health (CIBERSAM), Madrid, Spain
| | - Lourdes Martorell
- Hospital Universitari Institut Pere Mata (HUIPM), Reus, Catalonia, Spain; Institut d'Investigació Sanitària Pere Virgili (IISPV-CERCA), Reus, Catalonia, Spain; Universitat Rovira i Virgili (URV), Reus, Catalonia, Spain; Biomedical Network Research Centre on Mental Health (CIBERSAM), Madrid, Spain.
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9
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Tobinski AM, Rappeneau V. Role of the Neuropeptide S System in Emotionality, Stress Responsiveness and Addiction-Like Behaviours in Rodents: Relevance to Stress-Related Disorders. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2021; 14:ph14080780. [PMID: 34451877 PMCID: PMC8400992 DOI: 10.3390/ph14080780] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2021] [Revised: 08/02/2021] [Accepted: 08/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The neuropeptide S (NPS) and its receptor (NPSR1) have been extensively studied over the last two decades for their roles in locomotion, arousal/wakefulness and anxiety-related and fear-related behaviours in rodents. However, the possible implications of the NPS/NPSR1 system, especially those of the single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) rs324981, in stress-related disorders and substance abuse in humans remain unclear. This is possibly due to the fact that preclinical and clinical research studies have remained separated, and a comprehensive description of the role of the NPS/NPSR1 system in stress-relevant and reward-relevant endpoints in humans and rodents is lacking. In this review, we describe the role of the NPS/NPSR1 system in emotionality, stress responsiveness and addiction-like behaviour in rodents. We also summarize the alterations in the NPS/NPSR1 system in individuals with stress-related disorders, as well as the impact of the SNP rs324981 on emotion, stress responses and neural activation in healthy individuals. Moreover, we discuss the therapeutic potential and possible caveats of targeting the NPS/NPSR1 system for the treatment of stress-related disorders. The primary goal of this review is to highlight the importance of studying some rodent behavioural readouts modulated by the NPS/NPSR1 system and relevant to stress-related disorders.
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10
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Moussa-Tooks AB, Bailey AJ, Bolbecker AR, Viken RJ, O’Donnell BF, Hetrick WP. Bifactor Structure of the Schizotypal Personality Questionnaire Across the Schizotypy Spectrum. J Pers Disord 2021; 35:513-537. [PMID: 32039649 PMCID: PMC7415588 DOI: 10.1521/pedi_2020_34_466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Despite widespread use in schizophrenia-spectrum research, uncertainty remains around an empirically supported and theoretically meaningful factor structure of the Schizotypal Personality Questionnaire (SPQ). Current identified structures are limited by reliance on exclusively nonclinical samples. The current study compared factor structures of the SPQ in a sample of 335 nonpsychiatric individuals, 292 schizotypy-spectrum individuals (schizophrenia, schizoaffective disorder, or schizotypal personality disorder), and the combined group (N = 627). Unidimensional, correlated, and hierarchical models were assessed in addition to a bifactor model, wherein subscales load simultaneously onto a general factor and a specific factor. The best-fitting model across samples was a two-specific factor bifactor model, consistent with the nine symptom dimensions of schizotypy as primarily a direct manifestation of a unitary construct. Such findings, for the first time demonstrated in a clinical sample, have broad implications for transdiagnostic approaches, including reifying schizotypy as a construct underlying diverse manifestations of phenomenology across a wide range of severity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra B. Moussa-Tooks
- Psychological & Brain Sciences, Indiana University Bloomington, Bloomington, Indiana,Program in Neuroscience, Indiana University Bloomington
| | - Allen J. Bailey
- Psychological & Brain Sciences, Indiana University Bloomington, Bloomington, Indiana
| | - Amanda R. Bolbecker
- Psychological & Brain Sciences, Indiana University Bloomington, Bloomington, Indiana,Larue D. Carter Memorial Hospital, Indianapolis, Indiana,Department of Psychiatry, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana
| | - Richard J. Viken
- Psychological & Brain Sciences, Indiana University Bloomington, Bloomington, Indiana,Program in Neuroscience, Indiana University Bloomington
| | - Brian F. O’Donnell
- Larue D. Carter Memorial Hospital, Indianapolis, Indiana,Department of Psychiatry, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana,Psychological & Brain Sciences, Indiana University Bloomington, Bloomington, Indiana,Program in Neuroscience, Indiana University Bloomington
| | - William P. Hetrick
- Psychological & Brain Sciences, Indiana University Bloomington, Bloomington, Indiana,Larue D. Carter Memorial Hospital, Indianapolis, Indiana,Department of Psychiatry, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana,Program in Neuroscience, Indiana University Bloomington
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11
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Jo A, Kim H, Lee JY, Kim JM, Jeong MH, Chung YC, Sohn SJ, Kim SW. The effects of patient personality traits and family cohesion on the treatment delay for patients with first-episode schizophrenia spectrum disorder. Early Interv Psychiatry 2021; 15:889-895. [PMID: 32881414 DOI: 10.1111/eip.13029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2020] [Revised: 05/11/2020] [Accepted: 08/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
AIM The duration of untreated psychosis (DUP) is an important prognostic indicator of schizophrenia. We explored the effects of patient personality and family relationships on delayed schizophrenia treatment. METHODS We prospectively included data from 169 patients diagnosed with first-episode schizophrenia. Personality traits were investigated using the Big Five Inventory (BFI-10) and family relationship was assessed employing the Family Adaptability and Cohesion Evaluation Scale-III (FACES-III). We explored patient clinical characteristics using the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS) and the Social and Occupational Functioning Scale (SOFAS). The DUP was defined as the time between the first appearance of psychotic symptoms and commencement of adequate antipsychotic treatment. Subjects were divided into two groups by the 3-month median DUP cutoff. RESULTS The average and median DUPs were 12 and 3 months, respectively. A longer DUP was associated with older age, a higher PANSS score, and a lower SOFAS score. The frequency of suicide attempts tended to be higher in the delayed treatment group (P = .055). The delayed treatment group scored significantly higher in conscientiousness factor of the BFI-10 and scored significantly lower family cohesion and adaptability factors of the FACES-III. Logistic regression showed that a longer DUP was significantly associated with higher-level conscientiousness on the BFI-10 and poorer family cohesion on the FACES-III. CONCLUSION Treatment delay was associated with reduced family cohesion and higher patient conscientiousness, suggesting that the family plays a crucial role in terms of patient access to mental health services when early psychotic symptoms appear.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Jo
- Department of Psychiatry, Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
| | - Honey Kim
- Department of Psychiatry, Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
| | - Ju-Yeon Lee
- Department of Psychiatry, Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae-Min Kim
- Department of Psychiatry, Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
| | - Myung Ho Jeong
- Department of Cardiology, Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
| | - Young-Chul Chung
- Department of Psychiatry, Jeonbuk National University Medical School, Jeonju, Republic of Korea
| | - Seok-Joon Sohn
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung-Wan Kim
- Department of Psychiatry, Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
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12
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Identification of pleiotropy at the gene level between psychiatric disorders and related traits. Transl Psychiatry 2021; 11:410. [PMID: 34326310 PMCID: PMC8322263 DOI: 10.1038/s41398-021-01530-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2020] [Revised: 04/08/2021] [Accepted: 06/21/2021] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Major mental disorders are highly prevalent and make a substantial contribution to the global disease burden. It is known that mental disorders share clinical characteristics, and genome-wide association studies (GWASs) have recently provided evidence for shared genetic factors as well. Genetic overlaps are usually identified at the single-marker level. Here, we aimed to identify genetic overlaps at the gene level between 7 mental disorders (schizophrenia, autism spectrum disorder, major depressive disorder, anorexia nervosa, ADHD, bipolar disorder and anxiety), 8 brain morphometric traits, 2 cognitive traits (educational attainment and general cognitive function) and 9 personality traits (subjective well-being, depressive symptoms, neuroticism, extraversion, openness to experience, agreeableness and conscientiousness, children's aggressive behaviour, loneliness) based on publicly available GWASs. We performed systematic conditional regression analyses to identify independent signals and select loci associated with more than one trait. We identified 48 genes containing independent markers associated with several traits (pleiotropy at the gene level). We also report 9 genes with different markers that show independent associations with single traits (allelic heterogeneity). This study demonstrates that mental disorders and related traits do show pleiotropy at the gene level as well as the single-marker level. The identification of these genes might be important for prioritizing further deep genotyping, functional studies, or drug targeting.
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13
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Oh H, Jang SK, Lee HS, Lee EB, Choi KH. Personality Traits in Individuals with the Dual Diagnosis of Psychosis and Substance Use Disorders: A Comprehensive Review and Meta-Analysis. J Dual Diagn 2021; 17:34-51. [PMID: 33404373 DOI: 10.1080/15504263.2020.1839827] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Substance abuse comorbidity is highly prevalent and is linked to detrimental outcomes in individuals with psychotic disorder, but the role of personality traits as the underlying mechanism is being increasingly underscored. This study aimed to profile temperamental risks of comorbid substance use disorder in psychotic disorders by performing meta-analyses on personality trait differences between psychotic disorders with comorbidity (dual diagnosis; DD) and without it (psychotic disorders; PSD). Methods: A systematic review of English articles using PubMed, MEDLINE, Scopus, Google Scholar, and ProQuest Dissertation and Theses. Only original empirical studies including participants with diagnosis of psychotic disorders based on structured diagnostic interviews, with and without substance use disorder evaluated with reliable and valid tests were included. Articles were independently extracted by two authors using predefined data fields, including study quality indicators. All pooled analyses were based on random-effect models. Thirteen studies (N = 885) met our inclusion criteria. All effect-size estimates were calculated based on means and standard deviations of included measures. Separate effect size estimates were obtained for four traits in the UPPS model (negative urgency, low premeditation, low perseverance, sensation seeking), four traits in the HS model (unconscientious disinhibition, negative affect, disagreeable disinhibition, positive affect) and trait anhedonia. Results: Negative urgency (four studies with 262 participants; ES = 0.59; 95% confidence interval [CI] [0.34, 0.84]), low premeditation (five studies with 349 participants; ES = 0.60; 95% CI [0.39, 0.80]), sensation seeking (seven studies with 550 participants; ES = 0.63; 95% CI [0.17, 1.09]) and unconscientious disinhibition (five studies with 291 participants; ES = 0.36; 95% CI [0.13, 0.59]) were elevated in DD than PSD. Heterogeneity of sensation seeking was significant (I2 = 86.2%). Conclusions: The findings of the current meta-analysis highlight a unique profile of impulsive and externalizing trait personality domains pertaining to DD. The study emphasizes the importance of emotion regulation interventions targeting impulsivity or negative affect (i.e. negative urgency, low premeditation) in substance abuse comorbidity patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyeonju Oh
- Department of Psychology, Korea University, Seongbuk-gu, Republic of Korea
| | - Seon-Kyeong Jang
- Department of Psychology, University of Minnesota Twin Cities, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
| | - Hyeon-Seung Lee
- Department of Psychology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Eun-Byeol Lee
- Department of Psychology, Korea University, Seongbuk-gu, Republic of Korea
| | - Kee-Hong Choi
- Department of Psychology, Korea University, Seongbuk-gu, Republic of Korea
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14
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Kotov R, Jonas KG, Carpenter WT, Dretsch MN, Eaton NR, Forbes MK, Forbush KT, Hobbs K, Reininghaus U, Slade T, South SC, Sunderland M, Waszczuk MA, Widiger TA, Wright AGC, Zald DH, Krueger RF, Watson D. Validity and utility of Hierarchical Taxonomy of Psychopathology (HiTOP): I. Psychosis superspectrum. World Psychiatry 2020; 19:151-172. [PMID: 32394571 PMCID: PMC7214958 DOI: 10.1002/wps.20730] [Citation(s) in RCA: 135] [Impact Index Per Article: 33.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The Hierarchical Taxonomy of Psychopathology (HiTOP) is a scientific effort to address shortcomings of traditional mental disorder diagnoses, which suffer from arbitrary boundaries between psychopathology and normality, frequent disorder co-occurrence, heterogeneity within disorders, and diagnostic instability. This paper synthesizes evidence on the validity and utility of the thought disorder and detachment spectra of HiTOP. These spectra are composed of symptoms and maladaptive traits currently subsumed within schizophrenia, other psychotic disorders, and schizotypal, paranoid and schizoid personality disorders. Thought disorder ranges from normal reality testing, to maladaptive trait psychoticism, to hallucinations and delusions. Detachment ranges from introversion, to maladaptive detachment, to blunted affect and avolition. Extensive evidence supports the validity of thought disorder and detachment spectra, as each spectrum reflects common genetics, environmental risk factors, childhood antecedents, cognitive abnormalities, neural alterations, biomarkers, and treatment response. Some of these characteristics are specific to one spectrum and others are shared, suggesting the existence of an overarching psychosis superspectrum. Further research is needed to extend this model, such as clarifying whether mania and dissociation belong to thought disorder, and explicating processes that drive development of the spectra and their subdimensions. Compared to traditional diagnoses, the thought disorder and detachment spectra demonstrated substantially improved utility: greater reliability, larger explanatory and predictive power, and higher acceptability to clinicians. Validated measures are available to implement the system in practice. The more informative, reliable and valid characterization of psychosis-related psychopathology offered by HiTOP can make diagnosis more useful for research and clinical care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roman Kotov
- Department of Psychiatry, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, USA
| | - Katherine G Jonas
- Department of Psychiatry, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, USA
| | | | - Michael N Dretsch
- Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, US Army Medical Research Directorate - West, Silver Spring, MD, USA
| | - Nicholas R Eaton
- Department of Psychology, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, USA
| | - Miriam K Forbes
- Department of Psychology, Macquarie University, Sydney, Australia
| | - Kelsie T Forbush
- Department of Psychology, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS, USA
| | - Kelsey Hobbs
- Department of Psychology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Ulrich Reininghaus
- Department of Public Mental Health, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Germany
- ESRC Centre for Society and Mental Health, King's College London, London, UK
- Centre for Epidemiology and Public Health, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Tim Slade
- Matilda Centre for Research in Mental Health and Substance Abuse, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Susan C South
- Department of Psychological Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA
| | - Matthew Sunderland
- Matilda Centre for Research in Mental Health and Substance Abuse, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Monika A Waszczuk
- Department of Psychiatry, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, USA
| | - Thomas A Widiger
- Department of Psychology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
| | - Aidan G C Wright
- Department of Psychology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - David H Zald
- Department of Psychology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Robert F Krueger
- Department of Psychology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - David Watson
- Department of Psychology, University of Notre Dame, South Bend, IN, USA
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15
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The Influence of Maternal Schizotypy on the perception of Facial Emotional Expressions during Infancy: an Event-Related Potential Study. Infant Behav Dev 2020; 58:101390. [DOI: 10.1016/j.infbeh.2019.101390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2018] [Revised: 10/15/2019] [Accepted: 10/30/2019] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
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16
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Personality and the Expression of Symptomatology in Schizophrenia and Bipolar Disorder. J Nerv Ment Dis 2019; 207:899-907. [PMID: 31503186 PMCID: PMC9662753 DOI: 10.1097/nmd.0000000000001060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Researchers and clinicians have begun using dimensions rather than categories to classify psychopathology with a reliance on personality questionnaires to tap traits that can inform dimensional characterizations. A neglected concern is whether in severe psychopathology questionnaire-based assessments of personality reflect a lifetime propensity toward a diagnosis, as some personality-psychopathology models posit, or reflect the transient effects of current symptoms, as a complication model of personality-psychopathology would suggest. Accurate characterization of psychopathology is necessary to understand etiology and prescribe clinical care. We studied 127 adults with schizophrenia, schizoaffective, or bipolar disorder who completed well-validated measures of personality, current symptomatology, and lifetime psychopathology. We found that normative personality traits were related to current symptoms but unrelated to lifetime symptomatology, whereas the schizotypal trait of cognitive-perceptual distortions predicted lifetime psychosis severity. Questionnaire-based assessments of normative personality are likely affected by current symptom states and may fail to yield a stable characterization of psychopathology.
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17
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Cicero DC, Jonas KG, Li K, Perlman G, Kotov R. Common Taxonomy of Traits and Symptoms: Linking Schizophrenia Symptoms, Schizotypy, and Normal Personality. Schizophr Bull 2019; 45:1336-1348. [PMID: 30753725 PMCID: PMC6811822 DOI: 10.1093/schbul/sbz005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
The associations among normal personality and many mental disorders are well established, but it remains unclear whether and how symptoms of schizophrenia and schizotypal traits align with the personality taxonomy. This study examined the joint factor structure of normal personality, schizotypy, and schizophrenia symptoms in people with psychotic disorders (n = 288) and never-psychotic adults (n = 257) in the Suffolk County Mental Health Project. First, we evaluated the structure of schizotypal (positive schizotypy, negative schizotypy, and mistrust) and normal traits. In both the psychotic-disorder and never-psychotic groups, the best-fitting model had 5 factors: neuroticism, extraversion, conscientiousness, agreeableness, and psychoticism. The schizotypy traits were placed on different dimensions: negative schizotypy went on (low) extraversion, whereas positive schizotypy and mistrust went on psychoticism. Next, we added symptoms to the model. Numerous alternatives were compared, and the 5-factor model remained best-fitting. Reality distortion (hallucinations and delusions) and disorganization symptoms were placed on psychoticism, and negative symptoms were placed on extraversion. Models that separated symptom dimensions from trait dimensions did not fit well, arguing that taxonomies of symptoms and traits are aligned. This is the first study to show that symptoms of psychosis, schizotypy, and normal personality reflect the same underlying dimensions. Specifically, (low) extraversion, negative schizotypy, and negative symptoms form one spectrum, whereas psychoticism, positive schizotypy, and positive and disorganized symptoms form another. This framework helps to understand the heterogeneity of psychosis and comorbidity patterns found in psychotic disorders. It also underscores the importance of traits to understanding these disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- David C Cicero
- Department of Psychology, University of Hawaii at Manoa, Honolulu, HI,To whom correspondence should be addressed; tel: 808-956-3695, fax: 808-956-4700, e-mail:
| | | | - Kaiqiao Li
- Department of Psychiatry, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY
| | - Greg Perlman
- Department of Psychiatry, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY
| | - Roman Kotov
- Department of Psychiatry, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY
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18
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Widiger TA, Crego C. HiTOP thought disorder, DSM-5 psychoticism, and five factor model openness. JOURNAL OF RESEARCH IN PERSONALITY 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jrp.2019.04.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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19
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Khosravani V, Mohammadzadeh A, Sheidaei Oskouyi L. Early maladaptive schemas in patients with schizophrenia and non-patients with high and low schizotypal traits and their differences based on depression severity. Compr Psychiatry 2019; 88:1-8. [PMID: 30458342 DOI: 10.1016/j.comppsych.2018.10.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2018] [Revised: 10/23/2018] [Accepted: 10/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The aims of this study were to predict positive and negative symptoms of psychosis via early maladaptive schemas (EMSs) in patients with schizophrenia (SZ); to compare EMSs among SZ patients, non-patients with high schizotypal traits, and non-patients with low schizotypal traits; and to compare EMSs among subgroups concerning depression severity. METHODS We applied three groups of participants including SZ patients (n = 105), non-patients with low schizotypal traits (n = 90), and non-patients with high schizotypal traits (n = 90). Participants completed the Young Schema Questionnaire-Short Form (YSQ-SF), the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS), the Schizotypal Personality Scale (STA), and the Beck Depression Inventory-II (BDI-II). RESULTS The results indicated that the mistrust/abuse and social isolation schemas were significant predictors of positive and negative symptoms in SZ patients respectively. SZ patients and non-patients with high schizotypal traits exceeded non-patients with low schizotypal traits on all EMSs. There were no differences between SZ patients and non-patients with high schizotypal traits regarding EMSs. In the subgroups with high depression, SZ patients showed higher levels of EMSs than non-patients with low and high schizotypal traits. In the subgroups with low depression, both SZ patients and non-patients with high schizotypal traits had higher scores on EMSs than non-patients with low schizotypal traits. CONCLUSION The findings suggest that mistrust/abuse and social isolation may be specific to psychosis symptoms. Also, SZ and schizotypal traits may overlap in relation to EMSs. In addition, the activated EMSs may contribute to high depression in SZ.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vahid Khosravani
- Clinical Research Development Center of Loghman Hakim Hospital, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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20
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Smulevich AB, Dubnitskaya EB, Lobanova VM, Voronova EI, Zhylin VO, Kolyutskaya EV, Samoilova ED, Sorokina OY. [Personality disorders and schizophrenic defect (problem of comorbidity)]. Zh Nevrol Psikhiatr Im S S Korsakova 2018; 118:4-14. [PMID: 30585598 DOI: 10.17116/jnevro20181181114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
AIM To test the main hypothesis that the deficit phenomena in schizophrenia act not in the 'pure' form, but in the form of aggravating personality characteristics, forming so-called 'common' syndromes with personality disorders (PD). MATERIAL AND METHODS The results of the psychopathological study (with the use of psychometric methods) of deficit disorders in a sample of 170 patients with schizophrenia and schizophrenia spectrum disorders (63 men, 107 women) are presented in relation to the abnormal structure of premorbid personality (PD of clusters A, B, C). An analysis of negative symptoms according to the comparability of defect to the profile of premorbid personality made it possible to distinguish three groups of deficit states associated with PD - 'common syndromes': defensive schizoidy by the type of deficit schizoid and expansive schizoidy by the type of 'verschroben' (cluster A); pathological hysterical infantilism, malignant hysteria and defective erotomania (cluster B); pseudo-psychasthenia and pathological rationalism (cluster C). RESULTS It has been found that the symptomatology of 'common syndromes' is subject to patterns reflecting the dichotomy of the basic defect. This pattern is valid not only for one single cluster of PD, but extends to all psychopathy-like disorders, regardless of their affiliation with a particular cluster. The pathocharacterological component of the 'common syndromes' coexisting with the deficit symptom complexes is subject to the basic deficit component of the defect and is separated into polar dimensions (defensive-expansive) within specific clusters of PD, and then unified in accordance with the dichotomy of schizophrenic defect in categories with the predominance of emotional or apathoabulic disorders. CONCLUSION Psychopathy-like symptom complexes in the space of 'common syndromes' can be qualified as a psychopathological construct secondary to basic deficit disorders, and their isolation as an independent entity of negative disorders appears to be unjustified.
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Affiliation(s)
- A B Smulevich
- Mental Health Research Center, Moscow, Russia; Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Moscow, Russia
| | | | | | - E I Voronova
- Mental Health Research Center, Moscow, Russia; Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Moscow, Russia
| | - V O Zhylin
- Mental Health Research Center, Moscow, Russia
| | - E V Kolyutskaya
- Mental Health Research Center, Moscow, Russia; Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Moscow, Russia
| | - E D Samoilova
- Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Moscow, Russia
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21
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Abstract
The interaction of personality pathology and schizophrenia has conceptually been a topic of considerable interest in psychiatry. Recent advances in taxonomy and assessment of relevance to the clinician and researcher is presented. Cluster A and avoidant personality disorders are regarded as risk factors or antecedents for the development of schizophrenia. Some features of borderline personality disorder may resemble schizophrenia. With both a hierarchical structure and symptom-focused classification systems, personality pathology and personality disorder comorbidities can be overlooked. They can remain untreated because they are seen as part of the psychotic syndrome or superseded. A case formulation of a patient with schizophrenia is likely enriched by considering both these facets and may highlight comorbid personality disorder that warrants independent treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erik Simonsen
- Psychiatric Research Unit, Region Zealand, Slagelse, Denmark,Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark,To whom correspondence should be addressed; Psychiatric Research Unit, Region Zealand, Faelledvej 6, DK-4200 Slagelse, Denmark; tel: +45-20108293, e-mail:
| | - Giles Newton-Howes
- Department of Psychological Medicine, University of Otago, Wellington, New Zealand
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22
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Bansal V, Mitjans M, Burik CAP, Linnér RK, Okbay A, Rietveld CA, Begemann M, Bonn S, Ripke S, de Vlaming R, Nivard MG, Ehrenreich H, Koellinger PD. Genome-wide association study results for educational attainment aid in identifying genetic heterogeneity of schizophrenia. Nat Commun 2018; 9:3078. [PMID: 30082721 PMCID: PMC6079028 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-018-05510-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2017] [Accepted: 07/09/2018] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Higher educational attainment (EA) is negatively associated with schizophrenia (SZ). However, recent studies found a positive genetic correlation between EA and SZ. We investigate possible causes of this counterintuitive finding using genome-wide association study results for EA and SZ (N = 443,581) and a replication cohort (1169 controls; 1067 cases) with deeply phenotyped SZ patients. We find strong genetic dependence between EA and SZ that cannot be explained by chance, linkage disequilibrium, or assortative mating. Instead, several genes seem to have pleiotropic effects on EA and SZ, but without a clear pattern of sign concordance. Using EA as a proxy phenotype, we isolate FOXO6 and SLITRK1 as novel candidate genes for SZ. Our results reveal that current SZ diagnoses aggregate over at least two disease subtypes: one part resembles high intelligence and bipolar disorder (BIP), while the other part is a cognitive disorder that is independent of BIP.
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Affiliation(s)
- V Bansal
- Clinical Neuroscience, Max Planck Institute of Experimental Medicine, Hermann-Rein-Straße 3, 37075, Göttingen, Germany
- Research Group for Computational Systems Biology, German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Von-Siebold-Straße 3A, 37075, Göttingen, Germany
- Institute of Medical Systems Biology, Center for Molecular Neurobiology, University Clinic Hamburg-Eppendorf, Falkenried 94, 20251, Hamburg, Germany
| | - M Mitjans
- Clinical Neuroscience, Max Planck Institute of Experimental Medicine, Hermann-Rein-Straße 3, 37075, Göttingen, Germany
- DFG Research Center for Nanoscale Microscopy and Molecular Physiology of the Brain (CNMPB), Humboldtallee 23, 30703, Göttingen, Germany
| | - C A P Burik
- Complex Trait Genetics, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1085 B-631, 1081 HV, Amsterdam, Netherlands
- Institute for Behavior and Biology, Erasmus University Rotterdam, P.O. Box 1738, 3000 DR, Rotterdam, Netherlands
- School of Business and Economics, Department of Economics, De Boelelaan 1105, 1081 HV, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - R K Linnér
- Complex Trait Genetics, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1085 B-631, 1081 HV, Amsterdam, Netherlands
- Institute for Behavior and Biology, Erasmus University Rotterdam, P.O. Box 1738, 3000 DR, Rotterdam, Netherlands
- School of Business and Economics, Department of Economics, De Boelelaan 1105, 1081 HV, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - A Okbay
- Complex Trait Genetics, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1085 B-631, 1081 HV, Amsterdam, Netherlands
- School of Business and Economics, Department of Economics, De Boelelaan 1105, 1081 HV, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - C A Rietveld
- Institute for Behavior and Biology, Erasmus University Rotterdam, P.O. Box 1738, 3000 DR, Rotterdam, Netherlands
- Erasmus School of Economics, Erasmus University Rotterdam, P.O. Box 1738, 3000 DR, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - M Begemann
- Clinical Neuroscience, Max Planck Institute of Experimental Medicine, Hermann-Rein-Straße 3, 37075, Göttingen, Germany
- Department of Psychiatry & Psychotherapy, University of Göttingen, Von-Siebold-Straße 5, 37075, Göttingen, Germany
| | - S Bonn
- Research Group for Computational Systems Biology, German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Von-Siebold-Straße 3A, 37075, Göttingen, Germany
- Institute of Medical Systems Biology, Center for Molecular Neurobiology, University Clinic Hamburg-Eppendorf, Falkenried 94, 20251, Hamburg, Germany
| | - S Ripke
- Analytic and Translational Genetics Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital, 02114 MA, Boston, USA
- Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, 02142 MA, Cambridge, USA
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Campus Mitte, Berlin, 10117, Germany
| | - R de Vlaming
- Complex Trait Genetics, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1085 B-631, 1081 HV, Amsterdam, Netherlands
- School of Business and Economics, Department of Economics, De Boelelaan 1105, 1081 HV, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - M G Nivard
- Department of Biological Psychology, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, van der Boechorststraat 1, 1081 BT, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - H Ehrenreich
- Clinical Neuroscience, Max Planck Institute of Experimental Medicine, Hermann-Rein-Straße 3, 37075, Göttingen, Germany
- DFG Research Center for Nanoscale Microscopy and Molecular Physiology of the Brain (CNMPB), Humboldtallee 23, 30703, Göttingen, Germany
| | - P D Koellinger
- Complex Trait Genetics, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1085 B-631, 1081 HV, Amsterdam, Netherlands.
- Institute for Behavior and Biology, Erasmus University Rotterdam, P.O. Box 1738, 3000 DR, Rotterdam, Netherlands.
- School of Business and Economics, Department of Economics, De Boelelaan 1105, 1081 HV, Amsterdam, Netherlands.
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Balz J, Roa Romero Y, Keil J, Schubert F, Ittermann B, Mekle R, Montag C, Gallinat J, Senkowski D. Glutamate Concentration in the Superior Temporal Sulcus Relates to Neuroticism in Schizophrenia. Front Psychol 2018; 9:578. [PMID: 29867621 PMCID: PMC5949567 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2018.00578] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2018] [Accepted: 04/05/2018] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Clinical studies suggest aberrant neurotransmitter concentrations in the brains of patients with schizophrenia (SCZ). Numerous studies have indicated deviant glutamate concentrations in SCZ, although the findings are inconsistent. Moreover, alterations in glutamate concentrations could be linked to personality traits in SCZ. Here, we examined the relationships between personality dimensions and glutamate concentrations in a voxel encompassing the occipital cortex (OCC) and another voxel encompassing the left superior temporal sulcus (STS). We used proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy to examine glutamate concentrations in the OCC and the STS in 19 SCZ and 21 non-psychiatric healthy control (HC) participants. Personality dimensions neuroticism, extraversion, openness, agreeableness and conscientiousness were assessed using the NEO-FFI questionnaire. SCZ compared to HC showed higher glutamate concentrations in the STS, reduced extraversion scores, and enhanced neuroticism scores. No group differences were observed for the other personality traits and for glutamate concentrations in the OCC. For the SCZ group, glutamate concentrations in STS were negatively correlated with the neuroticism scores [r = -0.537, p = 0.018] but this was not found in HC [r(19) = 0.011, p = 0.962]. No other significant correlations were found. Our study showed an inverse relationship between glutamate concentrations in the STS and neuroticism scores in SCZ. Elevated glutamate in the STS might serve as a compensatory mechanism that enables patients with enhanced concentrations to control and prevent the expression of neuroticism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johanna Balz
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, St. Hedwig Hospital, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Yadira Roa Romero
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, St. Hedwig Hospital, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Julian Keil
- Department of Biological Psychology, Christian-Albrechts-University Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | | | | | - Ralf Mekle
- Center for Stroke Research Berlin, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Christiane Montag
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, St. Hedwig Hospital, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Jürgen Gallinat
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Daniel Senkowski
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, St. Hedwig Hospital, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
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24
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McCarthy NS, Badcock JC, Clark ML, Knowles EEM, Cadby G, Melton PE, Morgan VA, Blangero J, Moses EK, Glahn DC, Jablensky A. Assessment of Cognition and Personality as Potential Endophenotypes in the Western Australian Family Study of Schizophrenia. Schizophr Bull 2018; 44:908-921. [PMID: 29040798 PMCID: PMC6007328 DOI: 10.1093/schbul/sbx141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
Abstract
Phenotypic heterogeneity is a major barrier to understanding the genetic architecture underlying schizophrenia. Incorporating endophenotypes is one way to reduce heterogeneity and facilitate more powerful genetic analysis. Candidate endophenotypes require systematic assessment against endophenotype criteria, and a ranking of their potential utility for genetic analysis. In this study we assess 20 cognitive and personality measures in a sample of 127 families with at least 2 cases of schizophrenia per family (n = 535) plus a set of 30 control families (n = 121) against 4 endophenotype criteria: (a) be associated with the illness but not be a part of its diagnosis, (b) be heritable, (c) co-segregate with the illness in families, and (d) be found in unaffected relatives at a higher rate than in the general population. The endophenotype ranking score (endophenotype ranking variable [ERV]) was used to rank candidate endophenotypes based on their heritability and genetic correlation with schizophrenia. Finally, we used factor analysis to explore latent factors underlying the cognitive and personality measures. Evidence for personality measures as endophenotypes was at least equivalent to that of the cognitive measures. Factor analysis indicated that personality and cognitive traits contribute to independent latent dimensions. The results suggest for this first time that a number of cognitive and personality measures are independent and informative endophenotypes. Use of these endophenotypes in genetic studies will likely improve power and facilitate novel aetiological insights.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nina S McCarthy
- Centre for Genetic Origins of Health and Disease, Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry & Health Sciences, The University of Western Australia and Faculty of Health Sciences, Curtin University, Perth, Australia
- Centre for Clinical Research in Neuropsychiatry, Division of Psychiatry, Medical School, University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia
- Cooperative Research Centre for Mental Health, Carlton South, Australia
| | - Johanna C Badcock
- Centre for Clinical Research in Neuropsychiatry, Division of Psychiatry, Medical School, University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia
- Cooperative Research Centre for Mental Health, Carlton South, Australia
| | - Melanie L Clark
- Centre for Clinical Research in Neuropsychiatry, Division of Psychiatry, Medical School, University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia
| | - Emma E M Knowles
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT
| | - Gemma Cadby
- Centre for Genetic Origins of Health and Disease, Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry & Health Sciences, The University of Western Australia and Faculty of Health Sciences, Curtin University, Perth, Australia
| | - Phillip E Melton
- Centre for Genetic Origins of Health and Disease, Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry & Health Sciences, The University of Western Australia and Faculty of Health Sciences, Curtin University, Perth, Australia
| | - Vera A Morgan
- Centre for Clinical Research in Neuropsychiatry, Division of Psychiatry, Medical School, University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia
- Neuropsychiatric Epidemiology Research Unit, Division of Psychiatry, Medical School, University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia
| | - John Blangero
- South Texas Diabetes and Obesity Institute, The University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, Brownsville, TX
| | - Eric K Moses
- Centre for Genetic Origins of Health and Disease, Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry & Health Sciences, The University of Western Australia and Faculty of Health Sciences, Curtin University, Perth, Australia
| | - David C Glahn
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT
- Olin Neuropsychiatric Research Center, Institute of Living, Hartford Hospital, Hartford, CT
| | - Assen Jablensky
- Centre for Clinical Research in Neuropsychiatry, Division of Psychiatry, Medical School, University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia
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Umesh S, Nizamie SH, Goyal N, Tikka S, Bose S. Social anhedonia and gamma band abnormalities as a composite/multivariate endophenotype for schizophrenia: a dense array EEG study. Early Interv Psychiatry 2018; 12:362-371. [PMID: 27001559 DOI: 10.1111/eip.12327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2015] [Revised: 12/12/2015] [Accepted: 01/15/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
AIM Social anhedonia and gamma band oscillations are proposed as a promising endophenotype for schizophrenia (SZ). The aim was to assess whether social anhedonia and spontaneous gamma band oscillations could be used as multivariate/composite endophenotypic measures for SZ. METHODS Sixty consented subjects, of which 20 remitted SZ patients, 20 unaffected siblings of patients with schizophrenia (US) and 20 healthy controls (HC) were recruited for the study. The Revised Social Anhedonia Scale, Temporal Experience of Pleasure Scale and the Schizotypal Personality Questionnaire assessed social anhedonia, temporal experience of pleasure and schizotypal features. All participants underwent awake, resting state 192-channel dense array electroencephalographic recording. Gamma spectral power and coherence were calculated. We performed chi-square test, one-way analysis of variance, Pearsons correlation coefficient and step-by-step linear discriminant functional analysis. RESULTS Social anhedonia was significantly higher and anticipatory aspects of pleasure were significantly lower in both SZ and US compared with HC. US scored significantly higher than HC in the Schizotypal Personality Questionnaire. Spectral power of high gamma band (>70 Hz) was significantly lower over the right temporo-parietal and midline regions in both SZ and US than HC. We accurately classified (85%) three groups when social anhedonia, high gamma band spectral power of midline, right frontal and right fronto-temporal interhemispheric gamma coherence were considered as composite measures rather than each variable representing independently. CONCLUSION We propose region-specific high gamma spectral 'power and coherence' and social anhedonia as composite/multivariate measures could be a useful measure in distinguishing schizophrenia patients and unaffected siblings from healthy controls.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shreekantiah Umesh
- KS Mani Centre for Cognitive Neurosciences and Department of Psychiatry, Central Institute of Psychiatry, Kanke, India
| | - S Haque Nizamie
- KS Mani Centre for Cognitive Neurosciences and Department of Psychiatry, Central Institute of Psychiatry, Kanke, India
| | - Nishant Goyal
- KS Mani Centre for Cognitive Neurosciences and Department of Psychiatry, Central Institute of Psychiatry, Kanke, India
| | - Saikrishna Tikka
- KS Mani Centre for Cognitive Neurosciences and Department of Psychiatry, Central Institute of Psychiatry, Kanke, India
| | - Swarnali Bose
- KS Mani Centre for Cognitive Neurosciences and Department of Psychiatry, Central Institute of Psychiatry, Kanke, India
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26
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Maric NP, Andric S, Mihaljevic M, Mirjanic T. Openness to experience shortens duration of untreated psychosis in Serbian clinical population. Early Interv Psychiatry 2018; 12:91-95. [PMID: 27125470 DOI: 10.1111/eip.12348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2015] [Revised: 01/07/2016] [Accepted: 03/28/2016] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
AIM To determine duration of untreated psychosis (DUP) in patients with schizophrenia-spectrum disorders from Serbia and to analyse factors that potentially contribute to the treatment delay, with focus on personality traits. METHODS Fifty seven patients (males 54.4%; age = 29.9 ± 6.0 yrs; age at the illness onset = 24.9 ± 5.1 yrs; IQ = 93.5 ± 12.2) were included. The assessment consisted of Nottingham Onset Schedule (NOS), Premorbid Adjustment Scale (PAS) and NEO Personality Inventory (NEO-PI-R). We used Cox regression model to evaluate relationship between DUP and explanatory variables. RESULTS Based on the most restrictive definition, the length of DUP in our sample was 77.8 ± 120.6 weeks (MED = 25.0 weeks). DUP was negatively associated with openness to experience (B = -0.804, P = 0.024). CONCLUSIONS We report the first evidence of DUP in Serbia, emphasizing that the personality domains are likely to impact the use of mental health care in persons with psychosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadja P Maric
- School of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia.,Clinic for Psychiatry, Clinical Centre of Serbia, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Sanja Andric
- Clinic for Psychiatry, Clinical Centre of Serbia, Belgrade, Serbia
| | | | - Tijana Mirjanic
- Special Hospital for Psychiatric Disorders Kovin, Kovin, Serbia
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27
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Vallath S, Luhrmann T, Bunders J, Ravikant L, Gopikumar V. Reliving, Replaying Lived Experiences Through Auditory Verbal Hallucinations: Implications on Theories and Management. Front Psychiatry 2018; 9:528. [PMID: 30425660 PMCID: PMC6218596 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2018.00528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2018] [Accepted: 10/05/2018] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective: This study aims to understand the impact of negative life experience (NLE) in auditory hallucinations (AHs) and explain the heterogeneity in phenomenology of auditory verbal hallucinations (AVHs). Method: In depth interviews were conducted with 21 individuals (7 males and 14 females) experiencing AHs and accessing mental health treatment services at a not-for-profit organization. Maximum variation purposive sampling technique was used to select the sample to ensure variegation is accounted for and was collected until saturation of themes data was obtained. Results: Various different forms and functions of hallucinations are obtained with an evident pattern that links voices back to the NLE of the individual. Implications for therapeutic methods focusing on distress arising from said NLE is emphasized. Conclusions: The results obtained from this study implicate NLEs as a contributing factor in the development and maintenance of hallucinations. Sociocultural factors act as a catalyst with psychological factors creating distress and contributing to the voice-hearing experience. Treatment strategies must thus focus on content of voices and past experiences of the individual to promote recovery. A model toward conceptualization of the diversity in phenomenology is put forth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Smriti Vallath
- Department of Earth and Life Sciences, VU University Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands.,The Banyan, Chennai, India.,The Banyan Academy of Leadership in Mental Health, Chennai, India
| | - Tanya Luhrmann
- Department of Anthropology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, United States
| | - Joske Bunders
- Department of Earth and Life Sciences, VU University Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | | | - Vandana Gopikumar
- The Banyan, Chennai, India.,The Banyan Academy of Leadership in Mental Health, Chennai, India
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28
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Shi J, Yao Y, Zhan C, Mao Z, Yin F, Zhao X. The Relationship Between Big Five Personality Traits and Psychotic Experience in a Large Non-clinical Youth Sample: The Mediating Role of Emotion Regulation. Front Psychiatry 2018; 9:648. [PMID: 30564151 PMCID: PMC6288374 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2018.00648] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2018] [Accepted: 11/16/2018] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective: Despite a long history of interest in personality traits and psychosis, the association between personality traits and psychotic experiences in the general population is not yet well understood. One possible factor that could influence the degree of distress from psychotic experiences is emotion regulation. The purpose of this study was to explore whether the association between personality and psychotic symptoms is already apparent in non-clinical youth as well as the mediating role of emotion regulation strategies between personality traits and psychotic experiences. Methods: Three thousand one hundred and forty seven college students were surveyed via self-report questionnaires measuring the Five-Factor model of personality, emotion regulation strategies, and psychotic experiences. Results: Neuroticism was found to be significantly positively correlated with psychotic experiences, while Extraversion, Openness, Agreeableness, and Conscientiousness were found to be significantly negatively correlated. Both the suppression and reappraisal strategies mediated the relationship between personality traits and psychotic experiences. Conclusion: Our findings suggest that youth with certain personality traits are more likely to have psychotic experiences. The reappraisal emotion regulation strategy could serve as a protective factor against the distress of psychotic experiences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingyu Shi
- Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Division of Medical Humanities & Behavioral Sciences, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yuhong Yao
- Students Counseling Center, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Chenyu Zhan
- Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Ziyu Mao
- Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Fang Yin
- Students Counseling Center, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xudong Zhao
- Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Division of Medical Humanities & Behavioral Sciences, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
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29
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Smeland OB, Wang Y, Lo MT, Li W, Frei O, Witoelar A, Tesli M, Hinds DA, Tung JY, Djurovic S, Chen CH, Dale AM, Andreassen OA. Identification of genetic loci shared between schizophrenia and the Big Five personality traits. Sci Rep 2017; 7:2222. [PMID: 28533504 PMCID: PMC5440373 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-02346-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2017] [Accepted: 04/10/2017] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Schizophrenia is associated with differences in personality traits, and recent studies suggest that personality traits and schizophrenia share a genetic basis. Here we aimed to identify specific genetic loci shared between schizophrenia and the Big Five personality traits using a Bayesian statistical framework. Using summary statistics from genome-wide association studies (GWAS) on personality traits in the 23andMe cohort (n = 59,225) and schizophrenia in the Psychiatric Genomics Consortium cohort (n = 82,315), we evaluated overlap in common genetic variants. The Big Five personality traits neuroticism, extraversion, openness, agreeableness and conscientiousness were measured using a web implementation of the Big Five Inventory. Applying the conditional false discovery rate approach, we increased discovery of genetic loci and identified two loci shared between neuroticism and schizophrenia and six loci shared between openness and schizophrenia. The study provides new insights into the relationship between personality traits and schizophrenia by highlighting genetic loci involved in their common genetic etiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olav B Smeland
- NORMENT, KG Jebsen Centre for Psychosis Research, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo and Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital, 0407, Oslo, Norway.
| | - Yunpeng Wang
- NORMENT, KG Jebsen Centre for Psychosis Research, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo and Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital, 0407, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Neurosciences, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093, United States of America
| | - Min-Tzu Lo
- Department of Radiology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093, United States of America
| | - Wen Li
- NORMENT, KG Jebsen Centre for Psychosis Research, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo and Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital, 0407, Oslo, Norway
| | - Oleksandr Frei
- NORMENT, KG Jebsen Centre for Psychosis Research, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo and Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital, 0407, Oslo, Norway
| | - Aree Witoelar
- NORMENT, KG Jebsen Centre for Psychosis Research, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo and Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital, 0407, Oslo, Norway
| | - Martin Tesli
- NORMENT, KG Jebsen Centre for Psychosis Research, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo and Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital, 0407, Oslo, Norway
- Lovisenberg Diakonale Hospital, 0456, Oslo, Norway
| | - David A Hinds
- 23andMe, Inc., Mountain View, CA, 94041, United States of America
| | - Joyce Y Tung
- 23andMe, Inc., Mountain View, CA, 94041, United States of America
| | - Srdjan Djurovic
- Department of Medical Genetics, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
- NORMENT, KG Jebsen Centre for Psychosis Research, Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Chi-Hua Chen
- Department of Radiology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093, United States of America
| | - Anders M Dale
- Department of Neurosciences, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093, United States of America
- Department of Radiology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093, United States of America
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Ole A Andreassen
- NORMENT, KG Jebsen Centre for Psychosis Research, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo and Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital, 0407, Oslo, Norway.
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30
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Ridgewell C, Blackford JU, McHugo M, Heckers S. Personality traits predicting quality of life and overall functioning in schizophrenia. Schizophr Res 2017; 182:19-23. [PMID: 27746053 PMCID: PMC5376216 DOI: 10.1016/j.schres.2016.10.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2016] [Revised: 09/29/2016] [Accepted: 10/03/2016] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Clinical symptoms and sociodemographic variables predict level of functioning and quality of life in patients with schizophrenia. However, few studies have examined the effect of personality traits on quality of life and overall functioning in schizophrenia. Personality traits are premorbid to illness and may predict the way patients experience schizophrenia. The aim of this study was to examine the individual and additive effects of two core personality traits-neuroticism and extraversion-on quality of life and functioning. METHODS Patients with schizophrenia-spectrum disorders (n=153) and healthy controls (n=125) completed personality and quality of life questionnaires. Global functioning was assessed during a clinician-administered structured interview. Neuroticism and extraversion scores were analyzed both as continuous variables and as categorical extremes (High versus Normal Neuroticism, Low versus Normal Extraversion). RESULTS Quality of life was significantly associated with neuroticism, extraversion, and the neuroticism×diagnosis and extraversion×diagnosis interactions. For patients, a lower neuroticism score (in the normal range) was associated with quality of life scores comparable to controls; whereas high neuroticism scores in patients were associated with the lowest quality of life. For overall functioning, only diagnosis had a significant effect. CONCLUSION Neuroticism modulates quality of life and may provide an important key to improving the life of patients with schizophrenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caitlin Ridgewell
- Vanderbilt University, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, 1601 23rd Avenue South, Suite 3057, Nashville, TN 37212, United States.
| | - Jennifer Urbano Blackford
- Vanderbilt University, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, 1601 23 Avenue South, Suite 3057, Nashville, TN 37212
| | - Maureen McHugo
- Vanderbilt University, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, 1601 23 Avenue South, Suite 3057, Nashville, TN 37212
| | - Stephan Heckers
- Vanderbilt University, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, 1601 23 Avenue South, Suite 3057, Nashville, TN 37212
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31
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Bastiaens T, Smits D, De Hert M, Thys E, Bryon H, Sweers K, Teugels T, Van Looy J, Verwerft T, Vanwalleghem D, Van Bouwel L, Claes L. The Relationship Between the Personality Inventory for the DSM-5 (PID-5) and the Psychotic Disorder in a Clinical Sample. Assessment 2017; 26:315-323. [PMID: 29214869 DOI: 10.1177/1073191117693922] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Recent studies have successfully investigated the validity of the DSM-5 Alternative Model for Personality Disorders. In a final sample of 174 psychiatric patients, the present study examined the relationship between the Personality Inventory for the DSM-5 (PID-5) and syndromal psychosis. Results showed that patients diagnosed with versus without a psychotic disorder significantly differed on all PID-5 domains except Antagonism. Discriminant function analysis indicated that lower Detachment, lower Negative Affect, lower Disinhibition, and higher Psychoticism best discriminated patients with a psychotic disorder from patients with other psychiatric conditions. Subsequent stepwise discriminant analysis on all facet scales of the contributing PID-5 domains revealed that higher Unusual Beliefs, lower Depressivity, and lower Distractibility contributed the most to this differentiation. PID-5 Psychoticism scores showed moderate correlations with current psychotic symptoms and were not influenced by dose of antipsychotic medication. Our results support the ability of the PID-5 to discriminate between patients with and without psychotic disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Dirk Smits
- 2 KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.,3 Odisee University College, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Marc De Hert
- 1 UPC Z.ORG KU Leuven, Kortenberg, Belgium.,2 KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Erik Thys
- 1 UPC Z.ORG KU Leuven, Kortenberg, Belgium.,2 KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.,4 Psychiatric Centre St. Alexius, Elsene, Belgium
| | | | - Kim Sweers
- 1 UPC Z.ORG KU Leuven, Kortenberg, Belgium
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Laurence Claes
- 2 KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.,7 University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
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32
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Fortin G, Lecomte T, Corbière M. Does personality influence job acquisition and tenure in people with severe mental illness enrolled in supported employment programs? J Ment Health 2017; 26:248-256. [PMID: 28084116 DOI: 10.1080/09638237.2016.1276534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND When employment difficulties in people with severe mental illness (SMI) occur, it could be partly linked to issues not specific to SMI, such as personality traits or problems. Despite the fact that personality has a marked influence on almost every aspect of work behavior, it has scarcely been investigated in the context of employment for people with SMI. AIMS We aimed to evaluate if personality was more predictive than clinical variables of different competitive work outcomes, namely acquisition of competitive employment, delay to acquisition and job tenure. METHOD A sample of 82 people with a SMI enrolled in supported employment programs (SEP) was recruited and asked to complete various questionnaires and interviews. Statistical analyses included logistic regressions and survival analyses (Cox regressions). RESULTS Prior employment, personality problems and negative symptoms are significantly related to acquisition of a competitive employment and to delay to acquisition whereas the conscientiousness personality trait was predictive of job tenure. CONCLUSION Our results point out the relevance of personality traits and problems as predictors of work outcomes in people with SMI registered in SEP. Future studies should recruit larger samples and also investigate these links with other factors related to work outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guillaume Fortin
- a Department of Psychology , Université de Montréal , Montréal, Quebec , Canada and
| | - Tania Lecomte
- a Department of Psychology , Université de Montréal , Montréal, Quebec , Canada and
| | - Marc Corbière
- b Department of Education , Université du Québec à Montréal , Montréal, Quebec , Canada
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33
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Hopes and Expectations Regarding Genetic Testing for Schizophrenia Among Young Adults at Clinical High-Risk for Psychosis. J Psychiatr Pract 2016; 22:442-449. [PMID: 27824776 PMCID: PMC5111622 DOI: 10.1097/pra.0000000000000188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Genetic tests for schizophrenia could introduce both risks and benefits. Little is known about the hopes and expectations of young adults at clinical high-risk for psychosis concerning genetic testing for schizophrenia, despite the fact that these youth could be among those highly affected by such tests. We conducted semistructured interviews with 15 young adults at clinical high-risk for psychosis to ask about their interest, expectations, and hopes regarding genetic testing for schizophrenia. Most participants reported a high level of interest in genetic testing for schizophrenia, and the majority said they would take such a test immediately if it were available. Some expressed far-reaching expectations for a genetic test, such as predicting symptom severity and the timing of symptom onset. Several assumed that genetic testing would be accompanied by interventions to prevent schizophrenia. Participants anticipated mixed reactions on finding out they had a genetic risk for schizophrenia, suggesting that they might feel both a sense of relief and a sense of hopelessness. We suggest that genetic counseling could play an important role in counteracting a culture of genetic over-optimism and helping young adults at clinical high-risk for psychosis understand the limitations of genetic testing. Counseling sessions could also invite individuals to explore how receiving genetic risk information might impact their well-being, as early evidence suggests that some psychological factors help individuals cope, whereas others heighten distress related to genetic test results.
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34
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Fagerberg T, Söderman E, Gustavsson JP, Agartz I, Jönsson EG. Personality traits in established schizophrenia: aspects of usability and differences between patients and controls using the Swedish universities Scales of Personality. Nord J Psychiatry 2016; 70:462-9. [PMID: 27103375 PMCID: PMC4926784 DOI: 10.3109/08039488.2016.1159331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Personality is considered as an important aspect that can affect symptoms and social function in persons with schizophrenia. The personality questionnaire Swedish universities Scales of Personality (SSP) has not previously been used in psychotic disorder. AIMS To investigate if SSP has a similar internal consistency and factor structure in a psychosis population as among healthy controls and if patients with psychotic disorders differ from non-psychotic individuals in their responses to the SSP. METHODS Patients with psychotic disorders (n = 107) and healthy controls (n = 119) completed SSP. SSP scores were analyzed for internal consistency and case-control differences by Cronbach's alfa and multiple analysis of covariance, respectively. RESULTS Internal consistencies among patients were overall similar to that of controls. The patients scored significantly higher in seven (Somatic trait anxiety, Psychic trait anxiety, Stress susceptibility, Lack of assertiveness, Detachment, Embitterment, Mistrust) and lower in three (Physical trait aggression, Verbal trait aggression, Adventure seeking) of the 13 scales of the inventory. In three scales (Impulsiveness, Social desirability and Trait irritability) there was no significant difference between the scoring of patients and healthy controls. CONCLUSION The reliability estimates suggest that SSP can be used by patients with psychotic disorders in stable remission. Patients score higher on neuroticism-related scales and lower on aggression-related scales than controls, which is in accordance with earlier studies where other personality inventories were used.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomas Fagerberg
- a Human Brain Informatics (HUBIN), Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Psychiatry Section , Karolinska Institutet and Hospital , Stockholm , Sweden
| | - Erik Söderman
- a Human Brain Informatics (HUBIN), Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Psychiatry Section , Karolinska Institutet and Hospital , Stockholm , Sweden
| | - J Petter Gustavsson
- b Division of Psychology, Department of Clinical Neuroscience , Karolinska Institutet , Stockholm , Sweden
| | - Ingrid Agartz
- a Human Brain Informatics (HUBIN), Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Psychiatry Section , Karolinska Institutet and Hospital , Stockholm , Sweden ;,c NORMENT, KG Jebsen Centre for Psychosis Research , Institute of Clinical Medicine. Psychiatry section, University of Oslo , Norway ;,d Department of Psychiatric Research , Diakonhjemmet Hospital , Oslo , Norway
| | - Erik G Jönsson
- a Human Brain Informatics (HUBIN), Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Psychiatry Section , Karolinska Institutet and Hospital , Stockholm , Sweden ;,c NORMENT, KG Jebsen Centre for Psychosis Research , Institute of Clinical Medicine. Psychiatry section, University of Oslo , Norway
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Wei Y, Zhang T, Chow A, Tang Y, Xu L, Dai Y, Liu X, Su T, Pan X, Cui Y, Li Z, Jiang K, Xiao Z, Tang Y, Wang J. Co-morbidity of personality disorder in schizophrenia among psychiatric outpatients in China: data from epidemiologic survey in a clinical population. BMC Psychiatry 2016; 16:224. [PMID: 27391323 PMCID: PMC4939030 DOI: 10.1186/s12888-016-0920-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2015] [Accepted: 06/22/2016] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The reported rates of personality disorder (PD) in subjects with schizophrenia (SZ) are quite varied across different countries, and less is known about the heterogeneity of PD among subjects with SZ. We examined the co-morbidity of PD among patients who are in the stable phase of SZ. METHOD 850 subjects were randomly sampled from patients diagnosed with SZ in psychiatric and psycho-counseling clinics at Shanghai Mental Health Center. Co-morbidity of PDs was assessed through preliminary screening and patients were administered several modules of the SCID-II. Evidence of heterogeneity was evaluated by comparing patients diagnosed with SZ with those who presented with either affective disorder or neurosis (ADN). RESULTS 204 outpatients (24.0 %) in the stable phase of SZ met criteria for at least one type of DSM-IV PD. There was a higher prevalence of Cluster-A (odd and eccentric PD) and C (anxious and panic PD) PDs in SZ (around 12.0 %). The most prevalent PD was the paranoid subtype (7.65 %). Subjects with SZ were significantly more likely to have schizotypal PD (4.4 % vs. 2.1 %, p = 0.003) and paranoid PD (7.6 % vs. 5.4 %, p = 0.034), but much less likely to have borderline, obsessive-compulsive, depressive, narcissistic and histrionic PD. CONCLUSIONS These findings suggest that DSM-IV PD is common in patients with SZ than in the general population. Patterns of co-morbidity with PDs in SZ are different from ADN.
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Affiliation(s)
- YanYan Wei
- Department of Medical Psychology, Faculty of Mental Health, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, 200433 People’s Republic of China ,Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, 600 South Wanping Road, Shanghai, 200030 People’s Republic of China
| | - TianHong Zhang
- Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, 600 South Wanping Road, Shanghai, 200030 People’s Republic of China
| | - Annabelle Chow
- Department of Psychological Medicine, Changi General Hospital, Singapore, Singapore
| | - YingYing Tang
- Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, 600 South Wanping Road, Shanghai, 200030 People’s Republic of China
| | - LiHua Xu
- Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, 600 South Wanping Road, Shanghai, 200030 People’s Republic of China
| | - YunFei Dai
- Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, 600 South Wanping Road, Shanghai, 200030 People’s Republic of China
| | - XiaoHua Liu
- Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, 600 South Wanping Road, Shanghai, 200030 People’s Republic of China
| | - Tong Su
- Department of Medical Psychology, Faculty of Mental Health, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, 200433 People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiao Pan
- Department of Medical Psychology, Faculty of Mental Health, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, 200433 People’s Republic of China
| | - Yi Cui
- Department of Medical Psychology, Faculty of Mental Health, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, 200433 People’s Republic of China
| | - ZiQiang Li
- Department of Medical Psychology, Faculty of Mental Health, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, 200433 People’s Republic of China
| | - KaiDa Jiang
- Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, 600 South Wanping Road, Shanghai, 200030 People’s Republic of China
| | - ZePing Xiao
- Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, 600 South Wanping Road, Shanghai, 200030 People’s Republic of China
| | - YunXiang Tang
- Department of Medical Psychology, Faculty of Mental Health, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, 200433, People's Republic of China.
| | - JiJun Wang
- Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, 600 South Wanping Road, Shanghai, 200030, People's Republic of China. .,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Psychotic Disorders (No.13dz2260500), Bio-X Institutes, Key Laboratory for the Genetics of Developmental and Neuropsychiatric Disorders (Ministry of Education), Shanghai, People's Republic of China.
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Ohi K, Shimada T, Nitta Y, Kihara H, Okubo H, Uehara T, Kawasaki Y. The Five-Factor Model personality traits in schizophrenia: A meta-analysis. Psychiatry Res 2016; 240:34-41. [PMID: 27082867 DOI: 10.1016/j.psychres.2016.04.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2015] [Revised: 03/05/2016] [Accepted: 04/03/2016] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Personality is one of important factors in the pathogenesis of schizophrenia because it affects patients' symptoms, cognition and social functioning. Several studies have reported specific personality traits in patients with schizophrenia compared with healthy subjects. However, the results were inconsistent among studies. The NEO Five-Factor Inventory (NEO-FFI) measures five personality traits: Neuroticism (N), Extraversion (E), Openness (O), Agreeableness (A) and Conscientiousness (C). Here, we performed a meta-analysis of these personality traits assessed by the NEO-FFI in 460 patients with schizophrenia and 486 healthy subjects from the published literature and investigated possible associations between schizophrenia and these traits. There was no publication bias for any traits. Because we found evidence of significant heterogeneity in all traits among the studies, we applied a random-effect model to perform the meta-analysis. Patients with schizophrenia showed a higher score for N and lower scores for E, O, A and C compared with healthy subjects. The effect sizes of these personality traits ranged from moderate to large. These differences were not affected by possible moderator factors, such as gender distribution and mean age in each study, expect for gender effect for A. These findings suggest that patients with schizophrenia have a different personality profile compared with healthy subjects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazutaka Ohi
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Kanazawa Medical University, Ishikawa, Japan.
| | - Takamitsu Shimada
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Kanazawa Medical University, Ishikawa, Japan
| | - Yusuke Nitta
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Kanazawa Medical University, Ishikawa, Japan
| | - Hiroaki Kihara
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Kanazawa Medical University, Ishikawa, Japan
| | - Hiroaki Okubo
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Kanazawa Medical University, Ishikawa, Japan
| | - Takashi Uehara
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Kanazawa Medical University, Ishikawa, Japan
| | - Yasuhiro Kawasaki
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Kanazawa Medical University, Ishikawa, Japan
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Knežević G, Lazarević LB, Bosnjak M, Purić D, Petrović B, Teovanović P, Opačić G, Bodroža B. Towards a personality model encompassing a Disintegration factor separate from the Big Five traits: A meta-analysis of the empirical evidence. PERSONALITY AND INDIVIDUAL DIFFERENCES 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.paid.2016.02.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Personality and coping in first episode psychosis linked to mental health care use. Psychiatry Res 2016; 238:218-224. [PMID: 27086236 DOI: 10.1016/j.psychres.2016.02.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2015] [Revised: 02/03/2016] [Accepted: 02/16/2016] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
A body of literature focuses on associations of neuroticism, extraversion, passive coping and active coping with the course of psychotic illness. Less is known about other personality and coping variables - and underlying causal mechanisms between variables remain unclear. We explored causal effects from personality, coping and symptoms on mental health care consumption over two years in 208 first episode patients. Causal inference search algorithms lead to formation of a hypothetical causal model based on presumptions on (non-)mutuality between variables and consistent with data. Structural equation modelling estimated effect sizes conditionally on the causal model. Our observed model implies that none of the coping or personality variables have any effect on the number of days of hospitalisation, whereas general psychopathology symptoms do have a direct positive effect. For ambulatory care it is proposed that openness to experience, depressive symptoms and age have direct positive effects. Reassuring thoughts as a coping strategy seems to have a direct negative effect on the use of ambulatory care and mediates indirect effects of other personality and coping variables on ambulatory care. Furthermore, while previously established relations between personality and symptoms are confirmed by our model, it challenges traditional ideas about causation between personality and symptoms.
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Menon M, Andersen DR, Quilty LC, Woodward TS. Individual factors predicted to influence outcome in group CBT for psychosis (CBTp) and related therapies. Front Psychol 2015; 6:1563. [PMID: 26578995 PMCID: PMC4623397 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2015.01563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2015] [Accepted: 09/28/2015] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Mahesh Menon
- Department of Psychiatry, University of British Columbia Vancouver, BC, Canada ; Vancouver Coastal Health Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Devon R Andersen
- Department of Psychiatry, University of British Columbia Vancouver, BC, Canada ; BC Mental Health and Addiction Research Institute Vancouver, BC, Canada ; Department of Psychology, University of Saskatchewan Saskatoon, SK, Canada
| | - Lena C Quilty
- Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health Toronto, ON, Canada ; Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Todd S Woodward
- Department of Psychiatry, University of British Columbia Vancouver, BC, Canada ; BC Mental Health and Addiction Research Institute Vancouver, BC, Canada
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Compton MT, Bakeman R, Alolayan Y, Balducci PM, Bernardini F, Broussard B, Crisafio A, Cristofaro S, Amar P, Johnson S, Wan CR. Personality domains, duration of untreated psychosis, functioning, and symptom severity in first-episode psychosis. Schizophr Res 2015; 168:113-9. [PMID: 26209478 PMCID: PMC4929617 DOI: 10.1016/j.schres.2015.06.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2015] [Revised: 06/24/2015] [Accepted: 06/29/2015] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Early-course psychotic disorders have been extensively studied in terms of phenomenology, but little is known about the influence of personality traits on clinical features of first-episode psychosis. The aim of this study was to explore how the "big five" personality domains (neuroticism, extraversion, openness, agreeableness, and conscientiousness) are associated with treatment delay (duration of untreated psychosis, DUP), functioning, and positive and negative symptom severity. METHODS Data for these analyses were obtained from 104 participants enrolled from psychiatric inpatient units in Atlanta, Georgia, between August 2008 and March 2011. The NEO Five-Factor Inventory (NEO-FFI) was used to assess personality domains, and all other variables were measured in a standardized and rigorous manner using psychometrically sound instruments. Correlational analyses and multiple linear regressions were carried out to examine the strength of associations between variables of interest. RESULTS Findings indicated that except for openness, all of the other personality variables contributed to some extent to the variance in DUP. Conscientiousness was positively correlated with functioning. Agreeableness was independently negatively associated with positive symptom severity and extraversion was independently negatively correlated with negative symptom severity. CONCLUSIONS We report the first evidence suggesting that DUP is in part driven by personality domains. Functioning and symptom severity are also associated with those domains. Personality should be taken into account in order to better understand the phenomenology of early-course psychotic disorders as well as treatment-seeking behaviors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael T Compton
- Lenox Hill Hospital, Department of Psychiatry, New York, NY, USA; Hofstra North Shore-LIJ School of Medicine at Hofstra University, Department of Psychiatry, Hempstead, NY, USA.
| | - Roger Bakeman
- Georgia State University, Department of Psychology, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Yazeed Alolayan
- The George Washington University School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Pierfrancesco Maria Balducci
- Lenox Hill Hospital, Department of Psychiatry, New York, NY, USA; Scuola di Specializzazione in Psichiatria, Dipartimento di Medicina, Università degli Studi di Perugia, Italy
| | - Francesco Bernardini
- Lenox Hill Hospital, Department of Psychiatry, New York, NY, USA; Scuola di Specializzazione in Psichiatria, Dipartimento di Medicina, Università degli Studi di Perugia, Italy
| | - Beth Broussard
- Lenox Hill Hospital, Department of Psychiatry, New York, NY, USA
| | - Anthony Crisafio
- The George Washington University School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Sarah Cristofaro
- Emory University School of Medicine, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Patrick Amar
- Emory University School of Medicine, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Stephanie Johnson
- Emory University School of Medicine, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Claire Ramsay Wan
- Tufts University School of Medicine, Physician Assistant Program, Boston, MA, USA
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Boyette LL, Nederlof J, Meijer C, de Boer F, de Haan L. Three year stability of Five-Factor Model personality traits in relation to changes in symptom levels in patients with schizophrenia or related disorders. Psychiatry Res 2015; 229:539-44. [PMID: 26099654 DOI: 10.1016/j.psychres.2015.05.057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2014] [Revised: 05/13/2015] [Accepted: 05/15/2015] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Five-Factor Model (FFM) personality traits are related to a wide range of clinical outcome in patients with psychotic disorders. However, it is not sufficiently clear whether psychotic illness, particularly fluctuation in negative symptoms and psychotic relapse, affects personality. The current study examined the 3-year temporal stability of FFM traits in 91 patients with non-affective psychotic disorders with a maximum duration of illness of 10 years and 32 control subjects without a (family member with) a diagnosis of psychotic illness. In patients, change in negative symptoms predicted changes in Neuroticism and (inversely) in Extraversion and Openness. However, when correcting for depressive symptoms, negative symptoms no longer predicted change in any FFM trait. Clinical characteristics, such as psychotic relapse, were also not found to be related to change in FFM traits. Patients showed a slight increase in Conscientiousness levels, the other FFM traits showed mean-level stability. Rank-order stability of the FFM traits was moderate to strong, although weaker for Neuroticism in patients. Our findings indicate that psychotic symptoms exert limited effect on the stability of FFM traits in patients with psychotic disorders. Consistent with general population findings, one should guard against state-trait confusion between Neuroticism/Extraversion and depression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lindy-Lou Boyette
- Academic Medical Center University of Amsterdam, Department of Psychiatry, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
| | - Jan Nederlof
- Academic Medical Center University of Amsterdam, Department of Psychiatry, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Carin Meijer
- Academic Medical Center University of Amsterdam, Department of Psychiatry, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Froukje de Boer
- Academic Medical Center University of Amsterdam, Department of Psychiatry, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Lieuwe de Haan
- Academic Medical Center University of Amsterdam, Department of Psychiatry, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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Tao B, Xu S, Pan X, Gao Q, Wang W. Personality trait correlates of color preference in schizophrenia. Transl Neurosci 2015; 6:174-178. [PMID: 28123802 PMCID: PMC4936627 DOI: 10.1515/tnsci-2015-0018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2015] [Accepted: 07/28/2015] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The goal of the present study was to evaluate the color preferences of patients with schizophrenia and their correlations with personality traits. METHODOLOGY Sixty-three patients with schizophrenia and 59 healthy volunteers were asked to undertake the color preference and the Zuckerman-Kuhlman Personality Questionnaire (ZKPQ) tests. RESULTS The healthy volunteers showed a greater preference for green but a lesser one for brown compared to the patients with schizophrenia. Patients scored higher than the healthy volunteers on the ZKPQ Neuroticism-Anxiety and Activity scales. Moreover, in patients, black preference ranking was associated with the Neuroticism-Anxiety, whereas pink and orange preferences were negatively associated with Activity; white preference correlated negatively with Sociability. CONCLUSIONS Patients with schizophrenia preferred green less but brown more, and displayed their personality correlates of these color preferences. These findings are suggesting that patients with schizophrenia should be encouraged to be more exposed to bright colors such as green and white, and less to dark colors such as black, during therapy and rehabilitation sessions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Baiping Tao
- Department of Clinical Psychology and Psychiatry / School of Public Health, Zhejiang University College of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310058, China; The Third People's Hospital of Huzhou, Huzhou, 313000, China
| | - Shaofang Xu
- Department of Clinical Psychology and Psychiatry / School of Public Health, Zhejiang University College of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Xin Pan
- The Third People's Hospital of Huzhou, Huzhou, 313000, China
| | - Qianqian Gao
- Department of Clinical Psychology and Psychiatry / School of Public Health, Zhejiang University College of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Wei Wang
- Department of Clinical Psychology and Psychiatry / School of Public Health, Zhejiang University College of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310058, China
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van der Tempel J, Alcock JE. Relationships between conspiracy mentality, hyperactive agency detection, and schizotypy: Supernatural forces at work? PERSONALITY AND INDIVIDUAL DIFFERENCES 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.paid.2015.03.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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Peritogiannis V. Sensation/novelty seeking in psychotic disorders: A review of the literature. World J Psychiatry 2015; 5:79-87. [PMID: 25815257 PMCID: PMC4369552 DOI: 10.5498/wjp.v5.i1.79] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2014] [Revised: 12/31/2014] [Accepted: 01/19/2015] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The evaluation of personality traits is important for the better understanding of the person suffering from psychosis and for treatment individualization. However literature on patients’ personality and character in such disorders is limited. The aim of this review was to summarize the literature on sensation/novelty seeking (SNS), a trait which is biologically based and highly heritable and is associated with dopamine activity, and refers to a person’s tendency to seek varied, novel, complex, and intense sensations and experiences. A total of 38 studies were included in this review, involving 2808 patients and 2039 healthy controls. There is consistent evidence that this trait is independently associated with alcohol and substance abuse in patients with schizophrenia and related disorders. The estimation of SNS would help clinicians to identify patients at risk for abuse. There is also some evidence that higher SNS levels may relate to medication non-adherence and seem to increase the risk of patients’ aggressive and violent behavior, but studies are scarce. SNS was found not to be related to suicidality, whereas in the fields of patients’ quality of life and psychopathology results are contradictory, but most studies show no possible association. Several studies suggest that SNS is lower in psychotic patients compared to controls, whereas most yield no differences. The evidence for this trait as a potential endophenotype of schizophrenia is weak. SNS may be implicated in psychotic disorders’ course and prognosis in several ways and should be always inquired for. This trait can be reliably measured with the use of easily applicable self-rated instruments, and patients’ accounts could inform clinicians when planning management and delivering individualized treatment.
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Wiltink S, Nelson B, Velthorst E, Wigman J, Lin A, Baksheev G, Cosgrave E, Ross M, Ryan J, Yung A. The relationship between personality traits and psychotic like experiences in a large non-clinical adolescent sample. PERSONALITY AND INDIVIDUAL DIFFERENCES 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.paid.2014.09.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Raza GT, DeMarce JM, Lash SJ, Parker JD. Paranoid personality disorder in the United States: the role of race, illicit drug use, and income. J Ethn Subst Abuse 2014; 13:247-57. [PMID: 25176118 DOI: 10.1080/15332640.2013.850463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Differential rates of schizophrenia and paranoia symptoms have been found for Black and White individuals. Paranoid personality disorder shares symptoms with schizophrenia, yet has received minimal attention with regard to potential racial differences. In a sample consisting of 180 substance use disorder treatment-seeking individuals, the association between the diagnosis of paranoid personality disorder and the variables of race, cannabis use disorder, and income were examined. Results extended previous findings to paranoid personality disorder, supporting the hypothesis that Black individuals would be diagnosed with higher rates of paranoid personality disorder. Cannabis use disorder status and income did not predict paranoid personality disorder diagnoses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gina T Raza
- a Veterans Affairs Medical Center , Salem , Virginia
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Hori H, Fujii T, Yamamoto N, Teraishi T, Ota M, Matsuo J, Kinoshita Y, Ishida I, Hattori K, Okazaki M, Arima K, Kunugi H. Temperament and character in remitted and symptomatic patients with schizophrenia: modulation by the COMT Val158Met genotype. J Psychiatr Res 2014; 56:82-9. [PMID: 24888672 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpsychires.2014.05.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2013] [Revised: 05/09/2014] [Accepted: 05/09/2014] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
While research on remission in schizophrenia has gained attention, personality characteristics associated with remission in schizophrenia have been under-studied. A functional valine-to-methionine (Val158Met) polymorphism in the catechol-O-methyltransferase (COMT) gene is shown to modify clinical presentation of schizophrenia despite weak or no association with the disorder itself. Studies also report that this polymorphism can affect personality traits. We aimed to examine personality traits of remitted patients with schizophrenia as compared to symptomatic patients and healthy controls and to investigate whether the COMT Val158Met polymorphism influences their personality. Scores on the Temperament and Character Inventory were compared between 34 remitted outpatients with schizophrenia, age- and sex-matched 72 symptomatic outpatients with schizophrenia, and matched 247 healthy individuals. The effect of COMT Val158Met polymorphism on personality was examined in each group. The analysis of covariance, controlling for confounding variables, revealed that compared to healthy controls, symptomatic patients exhibited a pervasively altered personality profile whereas remitted patients showed alterations in more limited personality dimensions and demonstrated normal levels of novelty-seeking, reward dependence and cooperativeness. The two-way analysis of covariance, with genotype and sex as between-subject factors and confounders as covariates, revealed that Met carriers demonstrated significantly lower reward dependence and cooperativeness than Val homozygotes in symptomatic patients; while no significant genotype effect was found in remitted patients or in healthy individuals. These findings indicate that remitted patients with schizophrenia have a relatively adaptive personality profile compared to symptomatic patients. The COMT Val158Met polymorphism might have a modulating effect on the relationship between personality and remission.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroaki Hori
- Department of Mental Disorder Research, National Institute of Neuroscience, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Tokyo 187-8502, Japan.
| | - Takashi Fujii
- Department of Mental Disorder Research, National Institute of Neuroscience, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Tokyo 187-8502, Japan
| | - Noriko Yamamoto
- Department of Mental Disorder Research, National Institute of Neuroscience, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Tokyo 187-8502, Japan
| | - Toshiya Teraishi
- Department of Mental Disorder Research, National Institute of Neuroscience, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Tokyo 187-8502, Japan
| | - Miho Ota
- Department of Mental Disorder Research, National Institute of Neuroscience, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Tokyo 187-8502, Japan
| | - Junko Matsuo
- Department of Mental Disorder Research, National Institute of Neuroscience, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Tokyo 187-8502, Japan
| | - Yukiko Kinoshita
- Department of Mental Disorder Research, National Institute of Neuroscience, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Tokyo 187-8502, Japan
| | - Ikki Ishida
- Department of Mental Disorder Research, National Institute of Neuroscience, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Tokyo 187-8502, Japan
| | - Kotaro Hattori
- Department of Mental Disorder Research, National Institute of Neuroscience, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Tokyo 187-8502, Japan
| | - Mitsutoshi Okazaki
- Department of Psychiatry, National Center Hospital, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Tokyo 187-8551, Japan
| | - Kunimasa Arima
- Department of Psychiatry, National Center Hospital, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Tokyo 187-8551, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Kunugi
- Department of Mental Disorder Research, National Institute of Neuroscience, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Tokyo 187-8502, Japan
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Chmielewski M, Bagby RM, Markon K, Ring AJ, Ryder AG. Openness to experience, intellect, schizotypal personality disorder, and psychoticism: resolving the controversy. J Pers Disord 2014; 28:483-99. [PMID: 24511900 DOI: 10.1521/pedi_2014_28_128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 120] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Section III of DSM-5 includes an alternative model for personality disorders comprising five higher-order pathological personality traits, four of which resemble domains from the Big Five/Five-Factor Model of Personality (FFM). There has, however, been considerable debate regarding the association of FFM Openness-to-Experience/Intellect (OE/I) with DSM-5 Psychoticism and Schizotypal Personality Disorder (STPD). The authors identify several limitations in the literature, including inattention to (a) differences in the conceptualization of OE/I in the questionnaire and lexical traditions and (b) the symptom heterogeneity of STPD. They then address these limitations in two large patient samples. The results suggest that OE/I per se is weakly associated with Psychoticism and STPD symptoms. However, unique variance specific to the different conceptualizations of OE/I demonstrates much stronger associations, often in opposing directions. These results clarify the debate and the seemingly discrepant views that OE/I is unrelated to Psychoticism and contains variance relevant to Psychoticism.
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Gooding DC, Cohen AS, Pflum MJ. Hedonic capacity and schizotypy: evidence for the criterion validity of the ACIPS. Compr Psychiatry 2014; 55:1455-61. [PMID: 24880865 DOI: 10.1016/j.comppsych.2014.04.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2014] [Revised: 04/22/2014] [Accepted: 04/23/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The association between trait hedonic capacity and schizotypal personality traits was examined in a two studies of independent nonclinical samples. In both investigations, hedonic capacity was measured using the 17-item Anticipatory and Consummatory Interpersonal Pleasure Scale (ACIPS). In Study One, the young adults' (n=1345) ACIPS scores were inversely associated with their scores on the Schizotypal Personality Questionnaire (SPQ). In Study Two, two groups of individuals identified on the basis of their scores on the Schizotypal Personality Questionnaire Brief-Revised (SPQ-BR) were compared in terms of their ACIPS responses and response patterns. Our results indicate that the high schizotypal subjects (n =38) and the low schizotypal subjects (n=37) differed significantly in terms of their mean ACIPS scores, but not in terms of their mean reaction times. Despite differences in study design, both investigations indicated an association between the No Close Friends subscale of the SPQ and the ACIPS total score. These findings are considered in the context of other extant studies of schizotypal traits and the role of anhedonia in schizotypy. Overall, the findings provide further evidence for the criterion validity of the ACIPS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diane C Gooding
- Department of Psychology, University of Wisconsin-Madison; Department of Psychiatry, University of Wisconsin-Madison.
| | - Alex S Cohen
- Department of Psychology, Louisiana State University
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Gurrera RJ, McCarley RW, Salisbury D. Cognitive task performance and symptoms contribute to personality abnormalities in first hospitalized schizophrenia. J Psychiatr Res 2014; 55:68-76. [PMID: 24750960 PMCID: PMC4091048 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpsychires.2014.03.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2014] [Revised: 03/25/2014] [Accepted: 03/27/2014] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Chronic schizophrenia patients have personality abnormalities and cognitive deficits that are associated with poor clinical, social, and vocational outcomes. Very few studies have examined relationships between personality and cognitive function, and chronic illness effects may have confounded those studies. In this study personality traits in clinically stable first episode schizophrenia patients (21M, 9F) and psychiatrically healthy controls (38M, 24F) were measured with the NEO-FFI, a self-report measure of neuroticism, extraversion, openness, agreeableness, and conscientiousness. All subjects completed the Information, Digit Span, Vocabulary, and Digit Symbol subtests of the Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale; and Trails A and B. Standard statistical techniques were used to quantify relationships between personality and symptom levels and/or task performance, and relative contributions of diagnosis and task performance to personality variance. Patients showed elevated mean neuroticism and openness, and reduced mean extraversion, agreeableness and conscientiousness. Task performance and negative symptoms contributed significantly and uniquely to most personality dimensions in patients. Task performance accounted for significant amounts of personality variance even after accounting for diagnosis, and it also contributed to personality variance in controls. These results suggest that cognitive deficits and negative symptoms contribute to consistently observed personality abnormalities in this disorder, and that the contribution of neuropsychological performance to personality variance may be independent of diagnostic classification. Personality abnormalities in schizophrenia may stem from the neurocognitive deficits associated with this disorder, and add to their adverse effects on social and vocational functioning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ronald J Gurrera
- VA Boston Healthcare System, Boston, MA, USA; Harvard Medical School, Department of Psychiatry, Boston, MA, USA.
| | - Robert W McCarley
- VA Boston Healthcare System, Boston, MA, USA; Harvard Medical School, Department of Psychiatry, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Dean Salisbury
- McLean Hospital, Belmont, MA, USA; Harvard Medical School, Department of Psychiatry, Boston, MA, USA
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