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Stephan Y, Sutin AR, Luchetti M, Aschwanden D, Terracciano A. The mediational role of hearing acuity in the association between personality and memory: Evidence from the health and retirement study and the English Longitudinal Study of Ageing. J Psychosom Res 2024; 187:111912. [PMID: 39260139 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpsychores.2024.111912] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2023] [Revised: 08/09/2024] [Accepted: 08/31/2024] [Indexed: 09/13/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Personality traits (i.e., the enduring patterns of thoughts, feelings, and behaviors) are associated with cognition across adulthood. There is interest in identifying potential mechanisms to explain this association, but none has focused on sensory function. Therefore, the present study examined whether an objective measure of hearing acuity mediates the association between personality and memory. METHODS Participants were from the Health and Retirement Study (HRS, N = 5497, 60 % women, Mean age = 65.66, SD = 9.00) and the English Longitudinal Study of Ageing (ELSA, N = 4706, 57 % women, Mean age = 64.47, SD = 7.59). In the HRS, participants had data on personality and demographic variables in 2012/2014, hearing acuity in 2016/2018, and memory in 2020. In ELSA, participants had data on personality and demographic variables measured in 2010/2011, hearing acuity in 2014/2015, and memory in 2018/2019. RESULTS In both HRS and ELSA, higher hearing acuity partially mediated the association between lower neuroticism (4 % and 5 % proportion effect mediated), higher conscientiousness (6 % and 15 %) and higher openness (3 % and 7 %) and better memory performances at follow-up. CONCLUSIONS The present study provides novel evidence that hearing acuity mediates the association between personality and cognition.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Angelina R Sutin
- Department of Behavioral Sciences and Social Medicine, College of Medicine, Florida State University, USA
| | - Martina Luchetti
- Department of Behavioral Sciences and Social Medicine, College of Medicine, Florida State University, USA
| | - Damaris Aschwanden
- Center for the Interdisciplinary Study of Gerontology and Vulnerability, University of Geneva, Switzerland; Department of Geriatrics, College of Medicine, Florida State University, USA
| | - Antonio Terracciano
- Department of Geriatrics, College of Medicine, Florida State University, USA
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Yu Q, Schaefer SM, Davidson RJ, Kitayama S. Behavioral adjustment moderates the effect of neuroticism on brain volume relative to intracranial volume. J Pers 2024; 92:948-956. [PMID: 37311929 PMCID: PMC10716358 DOI: 10.1111/jopy.12858] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2022] [Revised: 05/23/2023] [Accepted: 05/31/2023] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The present study examined whether the effect of neuroticism on brain structure is moderated by behavioral adjustment. BACKGROUND Neuroticism is widely thought to be harmful to health. However, recent work using proinflammatory biomarkers showed that this effect depends on behavioral adjustment, the willingness and ability to adjust and cope with environmental contingencies, such as different opinions of others or unpredictable life situations. Here, we sought to extend this observation to "brain health" by testing total brain volume (TBV). METHOD Using a community sample of 125 Americans, we examined structural magnetic resonance imaging of the brain and quantified TBV. We tested whether the effect of neuroticism on TBV was moderated by behavioral adjustment, net of intracranial volume, age, sex, educational achievement, and race. RESULTS Behavioral adjustment significantly moderated the effect of neuroticism on TBV, such that neuroticism was associated with lower TBV only when behavioral adjustment was low. There was no such effect when behavioral adjustment was high. CONCLUSION The present findings suggest that neuroticism is not debilitating to those who constructively cope with stress. Implications are further discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qinggang Yu
- Department of Psychology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Stacey M. Schaefer
- Center for Healthy Minds, University of Wisconsin Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Richard J. Davidson
- Center for Healthy Minds, University of Wisconsin Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Shinobu Kitayama
- Department of Psychology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
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Kang W. Exploring the retrospective and prospective associations between the big five personality traits and clinical diagnosis of angina in middle-aged and older adults. J Psychosom Res 2024; 182:111803. [PMID: 38795399 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpsychores.2024.111803] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2023] [Revised: 05/12/2024] [Accepted: 05/19/2024] [Indexed: 05/27/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The goal of the present research was to test the retrospective and prospective associations between the Big Five personality traits and clinical diagnosis of angina while controlling for demographic characteristics. METHODS Data from middle-aged and older adults from a cohort study Understanding Society: the UK Household Longitudinal Study (UKHLS) were extracted and analyzed using binary logistic regressions (N = 10,124 for the retrospective study and N = 5485 for the prospective study). Personality was measured using a self-report 15-item version of the Big Five inventory between 2011 and 2012. Angina was measured by a self-report clinical diagnosis history question in each wave from until 2019. Covariates in our models included age, sex, income (monthly), education, and marital status. RESULTS Neuroticism was positively related to the likelihood of clinical angina diagnosis in both the retrospective (OR = 1.22, 95% C.I. [1.11, 1.34]) and the prospective (OR = 1.52, 95% C.I. [1.19, 1.94]) study whereas Extraversion had a positive association with odds of angina (OR = 1.52, 95% C.I. [1.17, 1.97]) in the prospective study only. The negative association between Openness and clinical angina diagnosis in the cross-sectional analysis is borderline significant (OR = 0.91, p = 0.048, 95% C.I. [0.83, 1.00]). CONCLUSION Our research indicated that personality traits are associated with the risk of angina. These findings emphasize the importance of considering personality traits in understanding the etiology of angina and potentially informing personalized prevention and intervention strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weixi Kang
- School of Arts and Humanities, Tung Wah College, Hong Kong, China.
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Spangenberg H, Ramklint M, Cunningham JL, Ramirez A. Correlations between personality traits, personality disorders, and immunometabolic markers. Sci Rep 2024; 14:11635. [PMID: 38773198 PMCID: PMC11109176 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-62214-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2023] [Accepted: 05/14/2024] [Indexed: 05/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Evidence links immune system alterations to major psychiatric disorders. The few previous studies on personality traits or personality disorders (PDs) indicate that immunometabolic dysregulation may be prevalent in this population. This study aimed to investigate relationships between personality traits, PDs, and immunometabolic markers in peripheral blood. We hypothesized that neuroticism would be correlated with elevated leptin. Participants were recruited as young adults seeking care for general psychiatric disorders. They responded to a personality inventory and were assessed for PDs, and reevaluated again at a 12 years follow-up. Blood samples were collected at the follow-up and analyzed for 29 immunometabolic markers. A positive correlation was found between the personality trait neuroticism and leptin (ρ = 0.31, p = 0.02). An exploratory analysis also revealed a positive correlation between brain-derived neurotrophic factor (ρ = 0.36, p < 0.01) and neuroticism. These findings remained after adjusting for other variables in general linear models. There were no relationships between PDs and any immunometabolic markers. Results both confirm previous findings of correlations between the immunometabolic system and personality traits and suggest directions for future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanna Spangenberg
- Department of Medical Sciences, Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden.
| | - Mia Ramklint
- Department of Medical Sciences, Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Janet L Cunningham
- Department of Medical Sciences, Psychiatry, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Adriana Ramirez
- Department of Medical Sciences, Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
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Li J, Zhang J. Personality traits and depressive symptoms among Chinese older people: A network approach. J Affect Disord 2024; 351:74-81. [PMID: 38281593 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2024.01.215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2023] [Revised: 01/20/2024] [Accepted: 01/23/2024] [Indexed: 01/30/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The present study aims to investigate the network structure of depressive symptoms, the interrelationships between individual personality traits and depressive symptoms, and gender differences among Chinese older people aged 60 and above. METHOD We performed network analyses with a regularized Graphical Gaussian Model and a case-dropping bootstrap approach. A sample of 4876 older Chinese people aged 60+ was included in the analyses. We investigated the central symptoms in the depression network and the bridge nodes that connect personality facets and depressive symptoms. Gender differences were investigated by testing the global strength, network invariance, and edge weights. RESULTS Sadness and depressed mood were the most central depressive symptoms, while somatic symptoms such as restless sleep were the least central. Neurotic facets, particularly "worry a lot" and "get nervous easily", played significant bridging roles in the web of personality traits and depressive symptoms. Gender differences were observed in three edges among different personality traits (rude-worried, original-worried, and forgiving-nervous). LIMITATION The study adopts a cross-sectional dataset, and therefore, cannot track the network changes over time or conclude a causal relationship. DISCUSSION The study calls for more focus and prioritization on sadness, depressed mood and neurotic traits in the identification of depression among older Chinese people. Future researchers and practitioners should better understand of older Chinese adults' worry and nervousness to develop appropriate practices and policies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia Li
- Department of Social Work, Faculty of Social Science, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China.
| | - Jihong Zhang
- Department of Counseling, Leadership, and Research Methods, University of Arkansas, United States of America
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Beck ED, Yoneda T, James BD, Bennett DA, Hassenstab J, Katz MJ, Lipton RB, Morris J, Mroczek DK, Graham EK. Personality predictors of dementia diagnosis and neuropathological burden: An individual participant data meta-analysis. Alzheimers Dement 2024; 20:1497-1514. [PMID: 38018701 PMCID: PMC10947984 DOI: 10.1002/alz.13523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2023] [Revised: 09/18/2023] [Accepted: 10/04/2023] [Indexed: 11/30/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The extent to which the Big Five personality traits and subjective well-being (SWB) are discriminatory predictors of clinical manifestation of dementia versus dementia-related neuropathology is unclear. METHODS Using data from eight independent studies (Ntotal = 44,531; Ndementia = 1703; baseline Mage = 49 to 81 years, 26 to 61% female; Mfollow-up range = 3.53 to 21.00 years), Bayesian multilevel models tested whether personality traits and SWB differentially predicted neuropsychological and neuropathological characteristics of dementia. RESULTS Synthesized and individual study results indicate that high neuroticism and negative affect and low conscientiousness, extraversion, and positive affect were associated with increased risk of long-term dementia diagnosis. There were no consistent associations with neuropathology. DISCUSSION This multistudy project provides robust, conceptually replicated and extended evidence that psychosocial factors are strong predictors of dementia diagnosis but not consistently associated with neuropathology at autopsy. HIGHLIGHTS N(+), C(-), E(-), PA(-), and NA(+) were associated with incident diagnosis. Results were consistent despite self-report versus clinical diagnosis of dementia. Psychological factors were not associated with neuropathology at autopsy. Individuals with higher conscientiousness and no diagnosis had less neuropathology. High C individuals may withstand neuropathology for longer before death.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emorie D. Beck
- Department of Medical Social SciencesNorthwestern UniversityFeinberg School of MedicineChicagoIllinoisUSA
- Department of PsychologyUniversity of CaliforniaDavisDavisCaliforniaUSA
| | - Tomiko Yoneda
- Department of Medical Social SciencesNorthwestern UniversityFeinberg School of MedicineChicagoIllinoisUSA
- Department of PsychologyUniversity of CaliforniaDavisDavisCaliforniaUSA
| | - Bryan D. James
- Rush Alzheimer's Disease CenterDepartment of Internal MedicineRush University Medical CenterChicagoIllinoisUSA
| | - David A. Bennett
- Department of NeurologyRush Alzheimer's Disease CenterRush University Medical CenterChicagoIllinoisUSA
| | - Jason Hassenstab
- Department of NeurologyWashington University School of MedicineSt. LouisMissouriUSA
| | - Mindy J. Katz
- Department of NeurologyAlbert Einstein College of MedicineBronxNew YorkUSA
| | - Richard B. Lipton
- Department of NeurologyAlbert Einstein College of MedicineBronxNew YorkUSA
| | - John Morris
- Department of NeurologyRush Alzheimer's Disease CenterRush University Medical CenterChicagoIllinoisUSA
| | - Daniel K. Mroczek
- Department of Medical Social SciencesNorthwestern UniversityFeinberg School of MedicineChicagoIllinoisUSA
- Department of PsychologyNorthwestern UniversityWeinberg College of Arts & SciencesEvanstonIllinoisUSA
| | - Eileen K. Graham
- Department of Medical Social SciencesNorthwestern UniversityFeinberg School of MedicineChicagoIllinoisUSA
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Stephan Y, Sutin AR, Luchetti M, Aschwanden D, Terracciano A. Personality and Cognition: The Mediating Role of Inflammatory Markers. J Gerontol B Psychol Sci Soc Sci 2024; 79:gbad152. [PMID: 37813576 PMCID: PMC10745263 DOI: 10.1093/geronb/gbad152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2023] [Indexed: 10/17/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Five-Factor Model personality traits are associated consistently with cognition. Inflammation has been hypothesized as a biological pathway in this association, but this assumption has yet to be tested. The present study tested inflammatory markers as mediators between personality traits and cognition. METHODS Participants were from the Health and Retirement Study (HRS; N = 4,364; 60% women; mean age = 64.48 years, standard deviation = 8.79). Personality traits and demographic factors were assessed in 2010/2012. Data on inflammatory markers (high-sensitivity C-reactive protein [hsCRP], interleukin-6 [IL-6], soluble tumor necrosis factor 1 (sTNFR1), interleukin-10 [IL-10], interleukin-1 receptor antagonist [IL-1Ra], and transforming growth factor [TGF]-β1) were obtained in 2016 from the HRS Venuous Blood Study. Cognition was assessed in 2020 using the modified Telephone Interview for Cognitive Status. RESULTS Higher neuroticism was related to lower cognition at follow-up, whereas higher extraversion, openness, agreeableness, and conscientiousness were associated with better cognition. Higher extraversion and higher conscientiousness were related to lower hsCRP, IL-6, IL-10, IL-1Ra, and sTNFR1, and higher openness was associated with lower IL-10, IL-1Ra, and sTNFR1 and to higher soluble TGF-β1. Lower sTNFR1 partially mediated the associations between conscientiousness, extraversion, and openness and cognition at follow-up, explaining an estimated 4%-12% of these associations. The mediating role of sTNFR1 persisted when physical activity and depressive symptoms were included as additional mediators. DISCUSSION The present study provides new evidence on personality and inflammatory markers. Consistent with the inflammation hypothesis, the sTNFR1 finding supports a potential biological pathway between personality and cognition.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Angelina R Sutin
- Department of Behavioral Sciences and Social Medicine, College of Medicine, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida, USA
| | - Martina Luchetti
- Department of Behavioral Sciences and Social Medicine, College of Medicine, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida, USA
| | - Damaris Aschwanden
- Center for the Interdisciplinary Study of Gerontology and Vulnerability, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
- Department of Geriatrics, College of Medicine, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida, USA
| | - Antonio Terracciano
- Department of Geriatrics, College of Medicine, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida, USA
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Sutin AR, Stephan Y, Luchetti M, Terracciano A. Purpose in life and markers of immunity and inflammation: Testing pathways of episodic memory. J Psychosom Res 2023; 174:111487. [PMID: 37696089 PMCID: PMC10591954 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpsychores.2023.111487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2023] [Revised: 09/01/2023] [Accepted: 09/04/2023] [Indexed: 09/13/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This prospective cohort study examines whether purpose in life is associated with markers of immunity and inflammation and tests these markers as mediators between purpose and episodic memory. METHODS Participants from the Venous Blood Study of the Health and Retirement Study reported on their purpose in life, had their blood assayed for markers of immunity and inflammation, and were administered an episodic memory task (N = 8999). Regression analyses tested the association between purpose and each marker. Prospective mediation analyses (N = 6092) tested whether these markers measured in 2016 were mediators between purpose measured in 2012/2014 and episodic memory measured in 2018. RESULTS Higher purpose in life was associated with lower neutrophil counts (β = -0.08, p < .001), lower ratio of neutrophils/lymphocytes (β = -0.05, p < .001), and lower systemic immune inflammation index (β = -0.04, p < .001); purpose was unrelated to monocyte, platelet, and lymphocyte counts or the ratio of platelets/lymphocytes (all ns). Purpose was associated negatively with c-reactive protein (β = -0.07, p < .001), Interleukin-6 (β = -0.08, p < .001), Interleukin-10 (β = -0.07, p < .001), Interleukin-1ra (β = -0.08, p < .001), and soluble Tumor Necrosis Factor Receptor 1 (sTNFR1; β = -0.10, p < .001); purpose was unrelated to Transforming Growth Factor beta 1. These associations were largely not moderated by age, sex, race, ethnicity, and education. Lower neutrophils, Interleukin-6, and sTNFR1 were associated prospectively with better episodic memory and mediated the association between purpose and episodic memory. CONCLUSION Purpose in life is associated with markers of immunity and inflammation, some of which are one mechanism in the pathway between purpose and healthier episodic memory.
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Stephan Y, Sutin AR, Terracciano A. Personality traits and the risk of sensory impairment: Evidence from the National Health and Aging Trends Study. J Psychosom Res 2023; 173:111459. [PMID: 37657125 PMCID: PMC10591274 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpsychores.2023.111459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2023] [Revised: 07/31/2023] [Accepted: 08/09/2023] [Indexed: 09/03/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Sensory impairment has pervasive effects on older individuals' quality of life and health. Although recent research found an association between personality traits and the risk of hearing and vision impairment, data on older adults is limited, and no study has examined dual-sensory impairment. Therefore, the present study examined the prospective relationship between personality traits and risk of hearing, vision, and dual sensory impairment among older adults. METHOD Participants were older adults aged 67 to 94 years (N = 829) from the National Health and Aging Trends Study (NHATS). Personality traits, demographic, clinical (body mass index, diabetes, and high blood pressure), and behavioral (smoking and physical activity) factors were assessed in 2013/2014. Objective measures of hearing and vision were obtained in 2021. RESULTS Controlling for demographic factors, higher conscientiousness was associated with a lower risk of hearing (OR: 0.81; 95%CI: 0.67-0.97, p = .022), vision (OR: 0.83, 95%CI: 0.71-0.97, p = .022) and dual sensory impairment (OR: 0.70, 95%CI: 0.56-0.86, p < .001). Higher openness (OR: 0.81, 95%CI: 0.68-0.97, p = .023) and neuroticism (OR: 0.74, 95%CI: 0.62-0.88, p < .001) were associated with a lower risk of hearing impairment. Clinical and behavioral covariates partially accounted for these associations. CONCLUSION Consistent with other age-related health and cognitive outcomes, conscientiousness may be protective against sensory impairment. Surprisingly, neuroticism had a protective effect for hearing, but not vision. The findings provide novel evidence for an association between personality and sensory impairment among older adults.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Angelina R Sutin
- Department of Behavioral Sciences and Social Medicine, College of Medicine, Florida State University, USA.
| | - Antonio Terracciano
- Department of Geriatrics, College of Medicine, Florida State University, USA.
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Kang W, Malvaso A, Whelan E. Asthma Moderates the Association between the Big Five Personality Traits and Life Satisfaction. Healthcare (Basel) 2023; 11:2560. [PMID: 37761757 PMCID: PMC10531466 DOI: 10.3390/healthcare11182560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2023] [Revised: 08/26/2023] [Accepted: 09/15/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The current study aimed to examine whether asthma moderates the association between the Big Five personality traits and life satisfaction. By analyzing data from 3934 people with asthma (40.09% males) with a mean age of 49.2 (S.D. = 16.94) years old and 22,914 people without asthma (42.9% males) with a mean age of 45.62 (S.D. = 17.25) years old using a hierarchical regression and multiple regressions, the current study found that asthma significantly moderates the link between Neuroticism and life satisfaction and Openness and life satisfaction after controlling for other covariates. Specifically, Neuroticism was negatively related to life satisfaction whereas Agreeableness, Openness, Conscientiousness, and Extraversion were positively associated with life satisfaction in people with and without asthma. However, the negative association between Neuroticism and life satisfaction and the positive association between Openness and life satisfaction were stronger in people with asthma compared to people without asthma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weixi Kang
- Department of Brain Sciences, Imperial College London, London W12 0BZ, UK
| | | | - Edward Whelan
- Department of Brain and Behavioral Sciences, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy
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Kang W, Malvaso A. Can the Big Five personality traits predict ever chance and 7-year risk of clinically diagnosed chronic bronchitis in middle-aged and older adults? J Psychosom Res 2023; 172:111423. [PMID: 37406415 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpsychores.2023.111423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2023] [Revised: 06/13/2023] [Accepted: 06/20/2023] [Indexed: 07/07/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Chronic bronchitis refers to a chronic condition that is characterized by long-term inflammation of the bronchi. It is of great importance to understand the contributing risk factors for chronic bronchitis because it is associated with adverse outcomes such as healthcare burden and mortality. We aimed to understand if the personality traits could predict ever and the 7-year risk of clinically diagnosed chronic bronchitis in a large cohort of participants from the UK. METHODS We analyzed data from Understanding Society: the UK Household Longitudinal Study, which consists of 15,387 middle-aged or older participants for the cross-sectional analysis and 8783 middle-aged or older adults for the longitudinal analysis using two binary logistic regressions. RESULTS We found that Neuroticism (OR = 1.36, p < 0.001, 95% C.I. [1.23, 1.51]), Conscientiousness (OR = 0.87, p = 0.014, 95% C.I. [0.78, 0.97]), and Extraversion (OR = 1.15, p = 0.009, 95% C.I. [1.04, 1.29]) are related to a higher chance of ever clinically diagnosed chronic bronchitis. However, Agreeableness and Openness were not related to the chance of ever clinically diagnosed chronic bronchitis. Moreover, Conscientiousness (OR = 0.72, p = 0.012, 95% C.I. [0.55, 0.93]) was related to a lower risk of future clinical diagnosis of chronic bronchitis whereas Extraversion (OR = 1.35, p = 0.024, 95% C.I. [1.04, 1.76]) was associated with a higher risk of future chronic bronchitis. However, Neuroticism, Agreeableness, and Openness were not related to change of ever clinically diagnosed chronic bronchitis. CONCLUSION We showed that personality can identify people who are at greater risk of chronic bronchitis, which has translational utility for healthcare of middle-aged and older adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weixi Kang
- UK DRI Care Research and Technology Centre, Department of Brain Sciences, Imperial College London, United Kingdom.
| | - Antonio Malvaso
- Department of Brain and Behavioral Sciences, University of Pavia, Italy
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Kang W, Whelan E, Malvaso A. Understanding the Role of Cancer Diagnosis in the Associations between Personality and Life Satisfaction. Healthcare (Basel) 2023; 11:2359. [PMID: 37628556 PMCID: PMC10454834 DOI: 10.3390/healthcare11162359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2023] [Revised: 07/28/2023] [Accepted: 08/16/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Life satisfaction refers to the degree a person enjoys their life. An integrated account of life satisfaction is discussed in the literature, which proposes that life satisfaction is made up of personality traits and areas of life satisfaction (e.g., satisfaction with health, job, and social life). In addition, disruptions in one domain (e.g., health) may disrupt the association between personality traits and life satisfaction. The current research was interested in if clinically diagnosed cancer could influence the association between the Big Five personality traits and life satisfaction. The current study analyzed data from 1214 people with a diagnosis of cancer (38.55% males) with an average age of 59.70 (S.D. = 15.53) years and 13,319 people without a cancer diagnosis (38.13% males) with an average age of 59.97 (S.D. = 11.10) years who participated in Understanding Society: the UK Household Longitudinal Study (UKHLS). For the first time, our study revealed that cancer markedly influences the relationship between Agreeableness and life satisfaction, after accounting for demographic variables. Neuroticism was negatively associated with life satisfaction in people with and without clinically diagnosed cancer, whereas Agreeableness and Extraversion were positively associated with life satisfaction in people with and without clinically diagnosed cancer. Openness and Conscientiousness were positively related to life satisfaction in people without cancer but were not significant predictors in people with cancer. Health professionals should develop strategies and interventions by fostering personality traits, including Agreeableness, Openness, Conscientiousness, and Extraversion, while reducing Neuroticism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weixi Kang
- UK DRI Care Research and Technology Centre, Department of Brain Sciences, Imperial College London, London W12 0BZ, UK
| | | | - Antonio Malvaso
- Department of Brain and Behavioral Sciences, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy
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Terracciano A, Walker K, An Y, Luchetti M, Stephan Y, Moghekar AR, Sutin AR, Ferrucci L, Resnick SM. The association between personality and plasma biomarkers of astrogliosis and neuronal injury. Neurobiol Aging 2023; 128:65-73. [PMID: 37210782 PMCID: PMC10247521 DOI: 10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2023.04.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2023] [Revised: 03/31/2023] [Accepted: 04/22/2023] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Personality traits have been associated with the risk of dementia and Alzheimer's disease neuropathology, including amyloid and tau. This study examines whether personality traits are concurrently related to plasma glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP), a marker of astrogliosis, and neurofilament light (NfL), a marker of neuronal injury. Cognitively unimpaired participants from the Baltimore Longitudinal Study on Aging (N = 786; age: 22-95) were assayed for plasma GFAP and NfL and completed the Revised NEO Personality Inventory, which measures 5 domains and 30 facets of personality. Neuroticism (particularly vulnerability to stress, anxiety, and depression) was associated with higher GFAP and NfL. Conscientiousness was associated with lower GFAP. Extraversion (particularly positive emotions, assertiveness, and activity) was related to lower GFAP and NfL. These associations were independent of demographic, behavioral, and health covariates and not moderated by age, sex, or apolipoprotein E genotype. The personality correlates of astrogliosis and neuronal injury tend to be similar, are found in individuals without cognitive impairment, and point to potential neurobiological underpinnings of the association between personality traits and neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonio Terracciano
- Department of Geriatrics, Florida State University College of Medicine, Tallahassee, FL, USA; Laboratory of Behavioral Neuroscience, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD, USA.
| | - Keenan Walker
- Laboratory of Behavioral Neuroscience, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Yang An
- Laboratory of Behavioral Neuroscience, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Martina Luchetti
- Department of Behavioral Sciences and Social Medicine, Florida State University College of Medicine, Tallahassee, FL, USA
| | | | - Abhay R Moghekar
- Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Angelina R Sutin
- Department of Behavioral Sciences and Social Medicine, Florida State University College of Medicine, Tallahassee, FL, USA
| | - Luigi Ferrucci
- Laboratory of Behavioral Neuroscience, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Susan M Resnick
- Laboratory of Behavioral Neuroscience, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
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14
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Kang W. Diabetes Moderates the Link between Personality Traits and Self-Rated Health (SRH). Healthcare (Basel) 2023; 11:2149. [PMID: 37570389 PMCID: PMC10418877 DOI: 10.3390/healthcare11152149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2023] [Revised: 07/15/2023] [Accepted: 07/26/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The primary objective of this study is to explore the relationship between personality traits and self-rated health (SRH) in individuals with diabetes, while also comparing these associations with a group of healthy controls. METHODS The data for this study were obtained from the UK Household Longitudinal Study (UKHLS), comprising a sample of 1860 diabetes patients and 12,915 healthy controls who were matched in terms of age and sex. Hierarchical linear regression was utilized to analyze the data. The analysis included demographic variables such as age, sex, monthly income, highest educational qualification, marital status, and psychological distress assessed through the GHQ-12, personality traits, including Neuroticism, Agreeableness, Openness, Conscientiousness, and Extraversion, and diabetes status (0 for diabetes patients, 1 for healthy controls) as predictors. Interactions between personality traits and diabetes status were also included as predictors, with SRH serving as the dependent variable. Additionally, separate multiple regression analyses were conducted for diabetes patients and healthy controls, incorporating demographic variables, psychological distress, and personality traits as predictors, while SRH remained the dependent variable. RESULTS The findings of this study indicate that diabetes significantly moderates the association between Neuroticism and SRH. Specifically, both Neuroticism and Extraversion were negatively associated with SRH, whereas Openness and Conscientiousness exhibited a positive association with SRH in healthy controls. However, among diabetes patients, only Conscientiousness showed a positive association with SRH. CONCLUSION Personality traits predict SRH in people with and without diabetes differently. Healthcare professionals and clinicians should try to come up with ways that improve SRH and thus better outcomes in diabetes patients based on the findings from the current study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weixi Kang
- Department of Brain Sciences, Imperial College London, London W12 0BZ, UK
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15
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Kang W, Malvaso A. Self-rated health (SRH) partially mediates and associations between personality traits and life satisfaction in older adults. Front Psychol 2023; 14:1189194. [PMID: 37484078 PMCID: PMC10359495 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2023.1189194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2023] [Accepted: 05/25/2023] [Indexed: 07/25/2023] Open
Abstract
It is established that personality traits contribute to life satisfaction but why they are connected are far less understood. This research report tested if self-rated health (SRH) which is one's subjective ratings of their health and has a high predictivity of actual health mediates the associations between the Big Five model of personality and life satisfaction in a cohort (N = 5,845) of older adults from the UK. By using Pearson's correlation analysis and mediation analysis, the current research reported positive correlations between Agreeableness, Openness, Conscientiousness, and Extraversion, SRH, and life satisfaction. However, Neuroticism was negatively correlated with SRH and life satisfaction. The main findings were that SRH partially mediates the associations between all traits in the Big Five and life satisfaction in older adults. This study began novel exploration on if SRH could explain the connections between the Big Five and life satisfaction. Results revealed SRH could partially explain these associations in all traits. These results may offer additional support to recently developed integrated account of life satisfaction, which argues that there are no single determinants of life satisfaction. Rather, life satisfaction is made up by many factors including but not limited to personality and health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weixi Kang
- Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
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16
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Kang W. Big Five personality predict epilepsy diagnosis in 7 years. Front Neurol 2023; 14:1083792. [PMID: 37377857 PMCID: PMC10291082 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2023.1083792] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2022] [Accepted: 05/11/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective Recently, there is growing interest in investigating how personality traits could predict a subsequent diagnosis of various diseases. Regarding epilepsy, there is only preliminary evidence based on cross-sectional studies linking personality traits to epilepsy, hence, emphasizing the need for longitudinal studies. The aim of the current study is to assess if the Big Five personality traits can predict the risk of an epilepsy diagnosis. Methods The current study analyzed data from 17,789 participants who participated in Understanding Society: the UK Household Longitudinal Study (UKHLS) at Wave 3 (collected between 2011 and 2012) and Wave 10 (collected between 2018 and 2019). The mean age was 47.01 (SD = 16.31) years and were 42.62% male. Two binary logistic regressions were used by including age, monthly income, highest educational qualification, legal marital status, residence, and standardized personality traits scores at Wave 3 as predictors for a clinical diagnosis of epilepsy at Wave 10 for males and females, respectively. Results There were 175 participants (0.98%) with epilepsy and 17,614 participants (99.02%) without epilepsy at Wave 10. Results of the binary regression analyses revealed that Neuroticism is positively related to the risk of an epilepsy diagnosis in males (OR = 1.32, p = 0.04, 95% CI [1.01, 1.71]) but not in females 7 years after Wave 3 at Wave 10. However, other personality traits including Agreeableness, Openness, Conscientiousness, and Extraversion were not significant predictors of epilepsy diagnosis. Conclusion These findings suggested that personality traits might enhance our understanding of psychophysiological associations in epilepsy. Neuroticism might be a relevant factor that should be taken into account in epilepsy education and treatment. Moreover, sex differences must be taken into account.
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17
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Kang W, Malvaso A. Personality Traits Predict Self-Rated Health (SRH) in Coronary Heart Disease (CHD) Patients and Healthy Controls. Healthcare (Basel) 2023; 11:healthcare11111645. [PMID: 37297784 DOI: 10.3390/healthcare11111645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2023] [Revised: 05/31/2023] [Accepted: 06/02/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The objective of the present study is to examine the association between Big Five personality traits and self-rated health (SRH) among individuals with coronary heart disease (CHD), and to compare this relationship with that of healthy control participants, which is of importance as SRH can be a determinant of outcomes. METHODS The current study used data from 566 participants with CHD with a mean age of 63.00 (S.D. = 15.23) years old (61.13% males) and 8608 age- and sex-matched healthy controls with a mean age of 63.87 (S.D.= 9.60) years old (61.93% males) from the UKHLS. The current study used predictive normative modelling approaches, one-sample t tests, a hierarchical regression, and two multiple regressions. RESULTS The current study found that CHD patients have significantly lower Conscientiousness (t(565) = -3.84, p < 0.001, 95% C.I. [-0.28, -0.09], Cohen's d = -0.16) and SRH (t(565) = -13.83, p < 0.001, 95% C.I. [-0.68, -0.51], and Cohen's d = -0.58) scores compared to age and sex-matched healthy controls. Moreover, health status (controls vs. CHD patients) moderated the links between Neuroticism, Extraversion and SRH. Specifically, Neuroticism (b = -0.03, p < 0.01, 95% C.I. [-0.04, -0.01]), Openness (b = 0.04, p < 0.001, 95% C.I. [0.02, 0.06]), and Conscientiousness (b = 0.08, p < 0.001, 95% C.I. [0.06, 0.10]) were significant predictors of SRH in healthy controls, whereas Conscientiousness (b = 0.08, p < 0.05, 95% C.I. [0.01, 0.16]) and Extraversion (b = -0.09, p < 0.01, 95% C.I. [-0.15, -0.02]) were significant predictors of SRH in CHD patients. CONCLUSION Based on the close associations between personality traits and SRH, and the subsequent impact on patient outcomes, the results of this study should be taken into consideration by clinicians and health professionals when developing tailored treatment and intervention programs for their patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weixi Kang
- UK DRI Care Research and Technology Centre, Department of Brain Sciences, Imperial College London, London W12 0BZ, UK
| | - Antonio Malvaso
- Department of Brain and Behavioral Sciences, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy
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18
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Brody GH, Yu T, Miller GE, Chen E. Longitudinal links between early adolescent temperament and inflammation among young black adults. Psychoneuroendocrinology 2023; 152:106077. [PMID: 36931166 PMCID: PMC10201910 DOI: 10.1016/j.psyneuen.2023.106077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2022] [Revised: 02/28/2023] [Accepted: 03/04/2023] [Indexed: 03/19/2023]
Abstract
A large body of research demonstrates that inflammation is involved in physical health problems that cause substantial morbidity and early mortality. Given inflammation's role in the etiology of chronic diseases, pediatric scientists have begun to study childhood factors that presage elevation of inflammatory biomarkers later in life. The purpose of this study was to test hypotheses designed to determine whether early adolescent emotionally intense and low attention temperaments forecast (a) inflammation at ages 25 and 29 years and (b) worsening levels of inflammation between these two data points. Toward this end, 307 Black children from the rural southeastern United States participated in an 18-year longitudinal study (mean age at baseline, 11.2 years) to determine whether and how early adolescent's behavioral styles or emotionally intense and low attention temperaments may be associated with absolute and worsening levels of inflammation in young adulthood. When children were 11-13 years of age, different teachers at each age provided assessments of emotionally intense and low attention temperaments. Thus, multiple measures of the same temperament constructs were obtained across 3 years for each participant. At age 25, participants provided data on their self-regulation abilities. Peripheral blood was collected at ages 25 and 29 years from which inflammation was quantified, using soluble urokinase plasminogen activator (suPAR), the proinflammatory cytokines interleukin (IL) IL-6, IL-10, and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α). Covariates associated with inflammation in prior studies were also assessed; these included socioeconomic risk, gender, cigarette smoking, body mass index (BMI), adverse childhood experiences (ACEs), depressive symptoms, and medication use. An early adolescent emotionally intense temperament was associated directly with higher suPAR and cytokine levels at age 29, and with worsening cytokine levels between ages 25 and 29. A low attention temperament was associated with suPAR levels at age 29. Collectively, these observations highlight pathways that could underlie health risks associated with early adolescent temperaments. The findings suggest that emotionally intense and low-attention early adolescent temperaments forecast higher and worsening inflammation levels across young adulthood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gene H Brody
- Center for Family Research, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA.
| | - Tianyi Yu
- Center for Family Research, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
| | - Gregory E Miller
- Department of Psychology, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, USA; Institute for Policy Research, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, USA
| | - Edith Chen
- Department of Psychology, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, USA; Institute for Policy Research, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, USA
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19
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Kang W. Personality predicts self-rated health: considering age differences. Front Psychol 2023; 14:1143077. [PMID: 37205071 PMCID: PMC10185748 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2023.1143077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2023] [Accepted: 03/30/2023] [Indexed: 05/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Self-rated health (SRH) refers to the subjective evaluation of one's own health. Big Five personality traits including Neuroticism, Agreeableness, Openness, Conscientiousness, and Extraversion have been consistently found as significant predictors of SRH. In addition, SRH declines with age, and personality traits change with age. Thus, it is reasonable to speculate that age might moderate the associations between personality traits and SRH. The current study analyzed data from 33,256 participants with a mean age of 45.78 years old and 55.92% females. The current study found that age significantly moderates the associations between Agreeableness, Openness, and Conscientiousness and SRH after controlling for demographic covariates. The current study implies that personality traits relate to SRH differently at different ages. Thus, studies regarding the associations between personality traits and SRH must take the interactions between age and personality traits into account.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weixi Kang
- Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
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20
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Kang W. The associations between personality traits and mental health in people with and without asthma. J Affect Disord 2023; 333:102-106. [PMID: 37075823 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2023.04.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2022] [Revised: 03/20/2023] [Accepted: 04/14/2023] [Indexed: 04/21/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of the current study is to investigate the associations between personality traits associated with mental health in people with asthma and compare it with people without asthma. METHODS Data came from UKHLS with 3929 patients with asthma with a mean age of 49.19 (S.D. = 15.23) years old (40.09 % males) and 22,889 healthy controls (42.90 % males) with a mean age of 45.60 (S.D. = 17.23) years old. First, the current study investigated the difference in Big Five personality traits and mental health between people with and without asthma using a predictive normative modeling approach with one-sample t-tests. Second, a hierarchical regression accompanied by two multiple regressions was used to determine how personality traits may relate to people with and without asthma differently. RESULTS The current study found asthma patients have significantly higher Neuroticism, higher Openness, lower Conscientiousness, higher Extroversion, and worse mental health. Asthma status significantly moderated the association between Neuroticism and mental health with this relationship being stronger in people with asthma. Moreover, Neuroticism was positively related to worse mental health and Conscientiousness and Extraversion were negatively associated with worse mental health in people with and without asthma. However, Openness was negatively associated with worse mental health in people without asthma but not in people with asthma. LIMITATIONS The limitations of the current study include cross-sectional designs, self-reported measured, and limited generalizability to other countries. CONCLUSION Clinicians and health professionals should use findings from the current study to come up with prevention and interaction programs that promote mental health based on personality traits in asthma patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weixi Kang
- UK DRI Care Research and Technology Centre, Department of Brain Sciences, Imperial College London, United Kingdom.
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21
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Stephan Y, Sutin AR, Luchetti M, Aschwanden D, Terracciano A. Personality and aging-related immune phenotype. Psychoneuroendocrinology 2023; 153:106113. [PMID: 37120948 DOI: 10.1016/j.psyneuen.2023.106113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2022] [Revised: 04/12/2023] [Accepted: 04/16/2023] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
An aging-related immune phenotype (ARIP) has been defined as a decrease in naïve T cells (TN) relative to the accumulation of memory T cells (TM). Recent research implicates ARIP measures, such as CD4 +TN/TM and CD8 +TN/TM ratios, in multimorbidity and mortality. This study examined whether psychological dispositions that assess how people think, feel, and behave are related to CD4 +TN/TM and CD8 +TN/TM. Participants were adults aged 50-104 years (N = 4798; 58% women, Mean Age= 67.95, SD= 9.56) from the Health and Retirement Study. Data on CD4 +TN/TM and CD8 +TN/TM were obtained in 2016. Data on personality, demographic factors, and potential clinical (body mass index, disease burden), behavioral (smoking, alcohol, physical activity), psychological (depressive symptoms, stress), and biological (cytomegalovirus IgG antibodies) mediating factors were obtained in 2014/2016. Controlling for demographic factors, higher conscientiousness was related to higher CD4 +TN/TM and CD8 +TN/TM. To a lesser extent, higher neuroticism and lower extraversion were associated with lower CD4 +TN/TM. Physical activity, and to a lesser extent BMI and disease burden, were the most robust mediators between personality and ARIP measures. Cytomegalovirus IgG level mediated the association between conscientiousness and both CD4 +TN/TM and CD8 +TN/TM. This study provides novel evidence that personality is related to ARIP. Higher conscientiousness and, to a lesser extent, higher extraversion may be protective against age-related immunophenotype change, whereas neuroticism may be a risk factor.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Angelina R Sutin
- Department of Behavioral Sciences and Social Medicine, College of Medicine, Florida State University, USA
| | - Martina Luchetti
- Department of Behavioral Sciences and Social Medicine, College of Medicine, Florida State University, USA
| | - Damaris Aschwanden
- Department of Geriatrics, College of Medicine, Florida State University, USA; Center for the Interdisciplinary Study of Gerontology and Vulnerability, University of Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Antonio Terracciano
- Department of Geriatrics, College of Medicine, Florida State University, USA
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22
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Stephan Y, Sutin AR, Luchetti M, Aschwanden D, Cabibel V, Terracciano A. Measures of physical performance as mediators between personality and cognition in two prospective studies. Arch Gerontol Geriatr 2023; 107:104902. [PMID: 36592492 PMCID: PMC9975024 DOI: 10.1016/j.archger.2022.104902] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2022] [Revised: 12/02/2022] [Accepted: 12/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Few studies have examined the pathways linking personality to cognition. This study aimed to examine whether measures of physical performance (gait speed, peak expiratory flow (PEF), and grip strength) mediated the association between five-factor model personality traits and cognition (memory performance, subjective memory, and informant-rated cognition). Participants were aged 57 to 95 years from the Health and Retirement Study (HRS, N = 4,109) and the English Longitudinal Study of ageing (ELSA, N = 3,584). In HRS, personality and demographic factors were assessed in 2008/2010, physical performance in 2012/2014, and memory performance and subjective memory in 2016/2018. Informant-rated cognition was obtained in 2016 for an HRS subsample. In ELSA, personality and demographic factors were assessed in 2010/2011, physical performance in 2012/2013, and objective and subjective memory in 2014/2015. Informant-rated cognition was obtained in 2018 for an ELSA subsample. With a few exceptions, replicable patterns of mediation were found across HRS and ELSA. Slower gait speed partially mediated the association between higher neuroticism, lower conscientiousness and worse scores on all three cognitive measures (memory performance, subjective memory, and informant-rated cognition). Slower gait also partially mediated the association between openness and both objective and subjective memory. There was less replicable evidence for a mediating role of PEF and grip strength. The present study advances knowledge on the pathways linking personality to cognition in older adults and supports the hypothesis that personality associations with better physical function can help support healthy cognitive aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yannick Stephan
- Euromov, Université Montpellier, UFRSTAPS, 700, Avenue du Pic St Loup, Montpellier 34090, France.
| | - Angelina R Sutin
- Department of Behavioral Sciences and Social Medicine, College of Medicine, Florida State University, USA
| | - Martina Luchetti
- Department of Behavioral Sciences and Social Medicine, College of Medicine, Florida State University, USA
| | - Damaris Aschwanden
- Department of Geriatrics, College of Medicine, Florida State University, USA
| | - Vincent Cabibel
- UNICAEN, INSERM, COMETE, GIP Cyceron, Normandie Université, Caen, France
| | - Antonio Terracciano
- Department of Geriatrics, College of Medicine, Florida State University, USA
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23
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Slavich GM, Roos LG, Mengelkoch S, Webb CA, Shattuck EC, Moriarity DP, Alley JC. Social Safety Theory: Conceptual foundation, underlying mechanisms, and future directions. Health Psychol Rev 2023; 17:5-59. [PMID: 36718584 PMCID: PMC10161928 DOI: 10.1080/17437199.2023.2171900] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2022] [Accepted: 01/19/2023] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Classic theories of stress and health are largely based on assumptions regarding how different psychosocial stressors influence biological processes that, in turn, affect human health and behavior. Although theoretically rich, this work has yielded little consensus and led to numerous conceptual, measurement, and reproducibility issues. Social Safety Theory aims to address these issues by using the primary goal and regulatory logic of the human brain and immune system as the basis for specifying the social-environmental situations to which these systems should respond most strongly to maximize reproductive success and survival. This analysis gave rise to the integrated, multi-level formulation described herein, which transforms thinking about stress biology and provides a biologically based, evolutionary account for how and why experiences of social safety and social threat are strongly related to health, well-being, aging, and longevity. In doing so, the theory advances a testable framework for investigating the biopsychosocial roots of health disparities as well as how health-relevant biopsychosocial processes crystalize over time and how perceptions of the social environment interact with childhood microbial environment, birth cohort, culture, air pollution, genetics, sleep, diet, personality, and self-harm to affect health. The theory also highlights several interventions for reducing social threat and promoting resilience.
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Affiliation(s)
- George M Slavich
- Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Lydia G Roos
- Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Summer Mengelkoch
- Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Christian A Webb
- McLean Hospital, Belmont, MA, USA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Eric C Shattuck
- Institute for Health Disparities Research and Department of Public Health, University of Texas at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Daniel P Moriarity
- Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Jenna C Alley
- Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
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Stephan Y, Sutin AR, Luchetti M, Aschwanden D, Caille P, Terracciano A. Personality associations with lung function and dyspnea: Evidence from six studies. Respir Med 2023; 208:107127. [PMID: 36693440 PMCID: PMC9975026 DOI: 10.1016/j.rmed.2023.107127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2022] [Revised: 01/12/2023] [Accepted: 01/20/2023] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The present study examined the association between Five Factor Model personality traits and lung function and dyspnea. METHODS Participants were middle aged and older adults aged 34-103 years old (N > 25,000) from the Midlife in the United States Study (MIDUS), the Health and Retirement Study (HRS), the English Longitudinal Study of Ageing (ELSA), the National Health and Aging Trends Survey (NHATS), and the Wisconsin Longitudinal Study graduate (WLSG) and sibling (WLSS) samples. Data on peak expiratory flow (PEF), dyspnea, personality traits, smoking, physical activity, body mass index (BMI), emotional/psychiatric problems, and demographic factors were obtained in each sample. RESULTS A meta-analysis indicated that higher neuroticism was related to lower PEF, higher risk of PEF less than 80% of predicted value, and higher risk of dyspnea. In contrast, higher extraversion and conscientiousness were associated with higher PEF, lower likelihood of PEF lower than 80% of the predicted value, and lower risk of dyspnea. Higher openness was related to higher PEF and lower risk of PEF less than 80%, whereas agreeableness was related to higher PEF and lower risk of dyspnea. Smoking, physical activity, BMI and emotional/psychiatric problems partially accounted for these associations. There was little evidence that lung disease moderated the association between personality and PEF and dyspnea. CONCLUSIONS Across cohorts, this study found replicable evidence that personality is associated with lung function and associated symptomatology.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Angelina R Sutin
- Department of Behavioral Sciences and Social Medicine, College of Medicine, Florida State University, USA
| | - Martina Luchetti
- Department of Behavioral Sciences and Social Medicine, College of Medicine, Florida State University, USA
| | - Damaris Aschwanden
- Department of Geriatrics, College of Medicine, Florida State University, USA
| | | | - Antonio Terracciano
- Department of Geriatrics, College of Medicine, Florida State University, USA
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25
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Kang W. Associations between Big Five personality traits and episodic memory performance in young, middle-aged, and older people: Evidence from the immediate and delayed word recall tasks. PERSONALITY AND INDIVIDUAL DIFFERENCES 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.paid.2022.111967] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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26
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Stephan Y, Sutin AR, Luchetti M, Terracciano A. The prospective relationship between subjective aging and inflammation: Evidence from the health and retirement study. Psychophysiology 2023; 60:e14177. [PMID: 36124383 DOI: 10.1111/psyp.14177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2022] [Revised: 06/02/2022] [Accepted: 07/20/2022] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
This study tested the prospective associations and potential mediators between subjective aging, indexed by subjective age and self-perceptions of aging (SPA), and a range of inflammatory markers, including C-reactive proteins (CRP) and pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines among older adults. Participants (N = 6099, 59% women, age range = 50 to 94, Mean Age = 65.32, SD = 8.85) were drawn from the Health and Retirement Study. Subjective age, SPA, and demographic factors were assessed in 2008/2010. Assessments of soluble transformation growth factor-beta 1 (sTGF-β1), interleukin 10 (IL-10), interleukin-1 receptor antagonist (IL-1Ra), interleukin 6 (IL-6), soluble tumor necrosis factor receptors (sTNFR1), and high sensitivity CRP (hsCRP) were measured in 2016. Potential mediators (body mass index, disease burden, physical inactivity, and depressive symptoms) were asssessed at baseline and in 2012/2014. Linear regression analyses indicated that an older subjective age and negative SPA were related to higher level of IL-10, IL-1Ra, IL-6, sTNFR1 and hsCRP. These associations were mediated by higher disease burden and physical inactivity. Negative SPA (but not subjective age) was associated with lower sTGF-β1. The link between subjective aging and inflammatory markers was relatively independent from chronological age. The present study provides new evidence that subjective aging is prospectively associated with inflammation, including systemic inflammation and pro-and anti-inflammatory cytokines.
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27
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Kang W. Personality Traits Predict 7-Year Risk of Diagnosis of Multiple Sclerosis: A Prospective Study. J Clin Med 2023; 12:682. [PMID: 36675611 PMCID: PMC9861722 DOI: 10.3390/jcm12020682] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2022] [Revised: 01/10/2023] [Accepted: 01/13/2023] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective: The objective of the current study is to investigate how Big Five personality traits could predict the risk of multiple sclerosis (MS) diagnosis in 7 years. Methods: A binary logistic regression was used to analyze data from 17,791 participants who responded to questions at Wave 3 (collected between 2011 to 2012) and Wave 10 (collected between 2018 to 2019) using a binary logistic regression from UKHLS with a mean age of 47.01 (S.D. = 16.31) years old with 42.62% males. Results: The current study found that Openness (OR = 0.68, p < 0.01, 95% C.I. (0.51, 0.89)) and Conscientiousness (OR = 0.70, p < 0.05, 95% C.I. (0.52, 0.93)) are positively associated with a reduced risk of MS diagnosis in 7 years. Conclusion: Health professionals can use findings from the current study as evidence for developing tools for assessing the risk of MS, and providing interventions for people who may be at high risk of MS based on their personality traits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weixi Kang
- UK DRI Care Research and Technology Centre, Department of Brain Sciences, Imperial College London, 926, Sir Michael Uren Hub, 86 Wood Lane, London W12 0BZ, UK
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Bastelica T, Lespine LF, Rouch I, Tadri M, Dorey JM, Strippoli MPF, d'Amato T, von Gunten A, Preisig M, Rey R. Network analysis of the associations between personality traits, cognitive functioning, and inflammatory markers in elderly individuals without dementia. Front Aging Neurosci 2023; 15:1093323. [PMID: 37168718 PMCID: PMC10166137 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2023.1093323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2022] [Accepted: 03/24/2023] [Indexed: 05/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Lower cognitive functioning in old age has been associated with personality traits or systemic inflammatory markers. Associations have also been found between personality traits and inflammatory markers. However, no study has explored the inter-relationships between these three components simultaneously. The present study aims to better understand the inter-relationships among personality traits, inflammatory markers, and cognitive performance in elderly individuals without dementia. Methods This study utilizes a network analysis approach, a statistical method that allows visualization of the data's unique pairwise associations. We performed a cross-sectional analysis on 720 elderly individuals without dementia, using data from Colaus|PsyColaus, a population-based study conducted in Lausanne, Switzerland. The Revised NEO Five-Factor Inventory (NEO-FFI-R) was used to assess personality traits, and interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-6, tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), and C-reactive protein (CRP) were used as peripheral inflammatory markers. Cognitive domains were investigated using the Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE), the Verbal Fluency Test, the Stroop Test, the DO40, and the Free and Cued Selective Reminding (FCSR) test. Results Openness was associated with verbal fluency and Agreeableness with immediate free recall. In contrast, no association between inflammatory markers and personality traits or cognition was identified. Discussion In elderly individuals without dementia, a high level of Openness or Agreeableness was associated with executive functioning/semantic memory and episodic memory, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Bastelica
- Centre Hospitalier Le Vinatier, Bron, France
- INSERM, U1028; CNRS, UMR5292, Lyon Neuroscience Research Center, Psychiatric Disorders: from Resistance to Response Team, Lyon, France
- *Correspondence: Thomas Bastelica,
| | - Louis-Ferdinand Lespine
- Centre Hospitalier Le Vinatier, Bron, France
- INSERM, U1028; CNRS, UMR5292, Lyon Neuroscience Research Center, Psychiatric Disorders: from Resistance to Response Team, Lyon, France
| | - Isabelle Rouch
- INSERM U1219, Bordeaux Population Health Centre Recherche (BPH), Bordeaux, France
- Memory Clinical and Research Center of Saint Etienne (CMRR), Neurology Unit, University Hospital of Saint Etienne, Saint-Etienne, France
| | - Myriam Tadri
- Lausanne University Hospital and University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Jean-Michel Dorey
- Centre Hospitalier Le Vinatier, Bron, France
- INSERM, Brain Dynamics and Cognition, Lyon Neuroscience Research Center, Lyon, France
| | | | - Thierry d'Amato
- Centre Hospitalier Le Vinatier, Bron, France
- INSERM, U1028; CNRS, UMR5292, Lyon Neuroscience Research Center, Psychiatric Disorders: from Resistance to Response Team, Lyon, France
| | - Armin von Gunten
- Lausanne University Hospital and University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Martin Preisig
- Lausanne University Hospital and University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Romain Rey
- Centre Hospitalier Le Vinatier, Bron, France
- INSERM, U1028; CNRS, UMR5292, Lyon Neuroscience Research Center, Psychiatric Disorders: from Resistance to Response Team, Lyon, France
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de Vroege L, Woudstra-de Jong JE, Videler AC, Kop WJ. Personality factors and cognitive functioning in patients with somatic symptom and related disorders. J Psychosom Res 2022; 163:111067. [PMID: 36332534 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpsychores.2022.111067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2021] [Revised: 10/07/2022] [Accepted: 10/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Somatic symptom and related disorders (SSRD) are often complicated by cognitive symptoms, including reduced information processing speed, memory, and planning. Depression has been related to poor cognitive functioning in SSRD, but the role of underlying personality factors is poorly understood. This study investigates the association between personality factors (neuroticism, extraversion, openness, agreeableness, and conscientiousness) with cognitive functioning in patients with SSRD. METHODS Data from 366 patients with SSRD from a tertiary care expert center (mean age = 42.1 years (SD = 13.4), 59.6% women) were analyzed using a cross-sectional design. Neuropsychological assessments included measures of information processing speed, memory, attention, and executive function. Personality factors were assessed using the NEO-FFI and depressive symptoms using the PHQ-9. RESULTS Regression analyses showed associations between neuroticism with poorer performance on visual memory (B = -0.09, SE = 0.04, β = -0.14, p = .019), and planning (B = -0.09. SE = 0.02, β = -0.23, p < .001). Extraversion was also inversely associated with visual memory (B = -0.13, SE = 0.05, β = -0.18, p = .011) and planning (B = -0.07, SE = 0.03, β = -0.17, p = .021) and openness was associated with better visual memory (B = 0.17, SE = 0.05, β = 0.19, p = .002). These associations were attenuated but remained significant after adjusting for depressive symptoms. CONCLUSION Neuroticism, extraversion, and low openness were associated with lower cognitive functioning (particularly planning and visual memory) in patients with SSRD, which remained significant after taking depressive symptoms into account.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lars de Vroege
- Department Tranzo, Tilburg School of Social and Behavioral Sciences, Tilburg University, Tilburg, the Netherlands; Clinical Centre of Excellence for Body, Mind and Health, GGz Breburg, Tilburg, the Netherlands.
| | - Jarinne E Woudstra-de Jong
- Department Tranzo, Tilburg School of Social and Behavioral Sciences, Tilburg University, Tilburg, the Netherlands
| | - Arjan C Videler
- Department Tranzo, Tilburg School of Social and Behavioral Sciences, Tilburg University, Tilburg, the Netherlands; Clinical Centre of Excellence for Body, Mind and Health, GGz Breburg, Tilburg, the Netherlands; PersonaCura, Clinical Center of Excellence for Personality Disorders and Autism in Older Adults, GGz Breburg, Tilburg, The Netherlands.
| | - Willem J Kop
- Clinical Centre of Excellence for Body, Mind and Health, GGz Breburg, Tilburg, the Netherlands; Department of Medical and Clinical Psychology, Center of Research on Psychological disorders and Somatic diseases (CoRPS), Tilburg University, Tilburg, the Netherlands.
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Personality Traits Predict Life Satisfaction in Coronary Heart Disease (CHD) Patients. J Clin Med 2022; 11:jcm11216312. [PMID: 36362545 PMCID: PMC9654296 DOI: 10.3390/jcm11216312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2022] [Revised: 10/23/2022] [Accepted: 10/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives: The objective of the current study is to establish the association between Big Five personality traits and life satisfaction in coronary heart disease (CHD) patients. Methods: The current study analyzed data from 566 patients with CHD with a mean age of 63.00 ± 15.23 years old (61.13% males) and 3018 healthy controls (63.95% females) with a mean age of 63.85 (S.D. = 9.59) years old from the UKHLS. A train-and-test approach accompanied by one-sample t-tests was used to analyze the differences in personality traits and life satisfaction between CHD patients and healthy controls while controlling for potential confounders. Two multiple regression models were applied to analyze the associations between personality traits and life satisfaction in CHD patients and healthy controls, respectively. Results: The current study found that CHD patients have lower conscientiousness scores than healthy controls. Moreover, neuroticism was negatively related to life satisfaction, and agreeableness, conscientiousness, and extraversion were positively related to life satisfaction in healthy controls. However, only neuroticism and agreeableness were related to life satisfaction in CHD patients. Conclusion: Health professionals and clinicians should utilize findings from the current study to make customized interventions based on CHD patients’ personality traits to gain better well-being outcomes such as life satisfaction.
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Sutin AR, Moffat SD, Resnick SM, Ferrucci L, Aschwanden D, Sesker AA, Luchetti M, Terracciano A. Five-Factor Model Personality Traits and 24-hour Urinary Cortisol in the Baltimore Longitudinal Study of Aging. Stress Health 2022; 38:837-843. [PMID: 35099848 PMCID: PMC9339027 DOI: 10.1002/smi.3130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2021] [Revised: 11/18/2021] [Accepted: 01/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Stress is implicated in models of personality and health as a mechanism that explains why traits like conscientiousness and neuroticism are associated with long-term health outcomes. Evidence for an association between personality and cortisol, a biological marker of stress, however, has been inconsistent. This study examined the association between Five-Factor Model personality traits and 24-h urinary cortisol (operationalised as a ratio of urinary free cortisol to creatinine) measured up to 12 times over intervals as long as 30 years in the Baltimore Longitudinal Study of Aging (Mage = 61.21, SD = 15.46; 49% female). There was a modest association between conscientiousness and lower mean-level cortisol that was attenuated only slightly in the fully-adjusted model. Neuroticism and the other traits were unrelated to cortisol levels, and none of the traits was related to cortisol change over time. The null association for neuroticism suggests that its relation with long-term health may be primarily through pathways other than cortisol. The modest association between conscientiousness and 24-h urinary cortisol replicates a previous finding with a longer-term measure of cortisol measured from hair, which calls for more research on the robustness and replicability of this finding. Cortisol may be one pathway through which conscientiousness is associated with health outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Luigi Ferrucci
- National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health
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Stephan Y, Sutin AR, Canada B, Deshayes M, Kekäläinen T, Terracciano A. Five-factor model personality traits and grip strength: Meta-analysis of seven studies. J Psychosom Res 2022; 160:110961. [PMID: 35779438 PMCID: PMC9932623 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpsychores.2022.110961] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2022] [Revised: 06/01/2022] [Accepted: 06/06/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To examine the association between Five-Factor Model personality traits and grip strength. METHOD Adults aged 16 to 104 years old (N > 40,000) were from the Health and Retirement Study, the Midlife in the United States Study, The English Longitudinal Study of Aging, the National Health and Aging Trends Survey, the United Kingdom Household Longitudinal Study, and the Wisconsin Longitudinal Study graduate and sibling samples. Participants had data on personality traits, demographic factors, grip strength, and mediators such as depressive symptoms, physical activity, body mass index (BMI), and c-reactive protein (CRP). RESULTS Across all samples and a meta-analysis, higher neuroticism was related to lower grip strength (meta-analytic estimate: -0.07, 95%CI: -0.075; -0.056). Higher extraversion (0.04, 95%CI: 0.022; 0.060), openness (0.05, 95%CI: 0.032; 0.062), and conscientiousness (0.05, 95%CI: 0.04; 0.065) were associated with higher grip strength across most samples and the meta-analysis. Depressive symptoms were the most consistent mediators between neuroticism and grip strength. Depressive symptoms and physical activity partly mediated the associations with extraversion, openness, and conscientiousness. Lower CRP partly mediated the association with conscientiousness. Sex moderated the associations for extraversion, openness, and conscientiousness, with stronger associations among males. Age moderated the neuroticism association, with stronger associations among younger individuals. CONCLUSION This study provides replicable evidence that personality is related to grip strength and identifies potential moderators and mediators of these associations. Overall, higher neuroticism is a risk factor for low grip strength, whereas high extraversion, openness, and conscientiousness may be protective.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Angelina R. Sutin
- Department of Behavioral Sciences and Social Medicine, College of Medicine, Florida State University, USA
| | | | | | - Tiia Kekäläinen
- Gerontology Research Center and Faculty of Sport and Health Sciences, University of Jyväskylä, Finland.
| | - Antonio Terracciano
- Department of Geriatrics, College of Medicine, Florida State University, USA.
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Vize CE, Sharpe BM, Miller JD, Lynam DR, Soto CJ. Do the Big Five personality traits interact to predict life outcomes? Systematically testing the prevalence, nature, and effect size of trait-by-trait moderation. EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF PERSONALITY 2022. [DOI: 10.1177/08902070221111857] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Personality researchers have posited multiple ways in which the relations between personality traits and life outcomes may be moderated by other traits, but there are well-known difficulties in reliable detection of such trait-by-trait interaction effects. Estimating the prevalence and magnitude base rates of trait-by-trait interactions would help to assess whether a given study is suited to detect interaction effects. We used the Life Outcomes of Personality Replication Project dataset to estimate the prevalence, nature, and magnitude of trait-by-trait interactions across 81 self-reported life outcomes ( n ≥ 1350 per outcome). Outcome samples were divided into two halves to examine the replicability of observed interaction effects using both traditional and machine learning indices. The study was adequately powered (1 − β ≥ .80) to detect the smallest interaction effects of interest (interactions accounting for a Δ R2 of approximately .01) for 78 of the 81 (96%) outcomes in each of the partitioned samples. Results showed that only 40 interactions (5.33% of the original 750 tests) showed evidence of strong replicability through robustness checks (i.e., demographic covariates, Tobit regression, and ordinal regression). Interactions were also uniformly small in magnitude. Future directions for research on trait-by-trait interactions are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Colin E Vize
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
- Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA
- Colby College, Waterville, ME, USA
| | - Brinkley M Sharpe
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
- Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA
- Colby College, Waterville, ME, USA
| | - Joshua D Miller
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
- Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA
- Colby College, Waterville, ME, USA
| | - Donald R Lynam
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
- Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA
- Colby College, Waterville, ME, USA
| | - Christopher J Soto
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
- Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA
- Colby College, Waterville, ME, USA
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Chereches FS, Brehmer Y, Olaru G. Personality and limitations in instrumental activities of daily living in old age: Reciprocal associations across 12 years. EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF PERSONALITY 2022. [DOI: 10.1177/08902070221111856] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Personality traits have been reported to predict difficulties in performing instrumental activities of daily living (IADL) in old age, such as preparing meals or shopping. However, little is known about the reciprocal effects on personality. In this study, we examined bidirectional relationships between personality traits and the capacity to perform IADL using four waves of longitudinal data from 3540 older adults (aged 65 years and older) from the Health and Retirement Study. We applied a random-intercept cross-lagged panel model to separate between- and within-person effects across time and compared it to a traditional cross-lagged panel model. At the between-person level, higher neuroticism and lower conscientiousness were associated with more IADL limitations. Within individuals across time, increases in neuroticism and decreases in conscientiousness and extraversion were associated with increases in IADL limitations 4 years later. In contrast, increases in IADL limitations only predicted increases in neuroticism and decreases in extraversion. These results indicate that some personality traits affect and are affected by limitations in functional capacities in old age. Results of the within-person model build a strong foundation for future personality interventions as a pathway to maintain high functioning in old age.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Yvonne Brehmer
- Developmental Psychology, Tilburg University, Tilburg, Netherlands
- Aging Research Center, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Gabriel Olaru
- Developmental Psychology, Tilburg University, Tilburg, Netherlands
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Personality and fatigue: meta-analysis of seven prospective studies. Sci Rep 2022; 12:9156. [PMID: 35650223 PMCID: PMC9160011 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-12707-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2022] [Accepted: 04/12/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
The present study examined the cross-sectional and longitudinal associations between the five major personality traits and fatigue. Participants were adults aged 16-104 years old (N > 40,000 at baseline) from the Health and Retirement Study, the National Social Life, Health, and Aging Project, the Wisconsin Longitudinal Study graduate and sibling samples, the National Health and Aging Trends Survey, the Longitudinal Internet Studies for the Social Sciences and the English Longitudinal Study of Ageing. Personality traits, fatigue, demographic factors, and other covariates were assessed at baseline, and fatigue was assessed again 5-20 years later. Across all samples, higher neuroticism was related to a higher risk of concurrent (meta-analytic OR = 1.73, 95% CI 1.62-1.86) and incident (OR = 1.38, 95% CI 1.29-1.48) fatigue. Higher extraversion, openness, agreeableness, and conscientiousness were associated with a lower likelihood of concurrent (meta-analytic OR range 0.67-0.86) and incident (meta-analytic OR range 0.80-0.92) fatigue. Self-rated health and physical inactivity partially accounted for these associations. There was little evidence that age or gender moderated these associations. This study provides consistent evidence that personality is related to fatigue. Higher neuroticism and lower extraversion, openness, agreeableness, and conscientiousness are risk factors for fatigue.
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Wilmot MP, Ones DS. Agreeableness and Its Consequences: A Quantitative Review of Meta-Analytic Findings. PERSONALITY AND SOCIAL PSYCHOLOGY REVIEW 2022; 26:242-280. [DOI: 10.1177/10888683211073007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Agreeableness impacts people and real-world outcomes. In the most comprehensive quantitative review to date, we summarize results from 142 meta-analyses reporting effects for 275 variables, which represent N > 1.9 million participants from k > 3,900 studies. Arranging variables by their content and type, we use an organizational framework of 16 conceptual categories that presents a detailed account of Agreeableness’ external relations. Overall, the trait has effects in a desirable direction for 93% of variables (grand mean [Formula: see text]). We also review lower order trait evidence for 42 variables from 20 meta-analyses. Using these empirical findings, in tandem with existing theory, we synthesize eight general themes that describe Agreeableness’ characteristic functioning across variables: self-transcendence, contentment, relational investment, teamworking, work investment, lower results emphasis, social norm orientation, and social integration. We conclude by discussing potential boundary conditions of findings, contributions and limitations of our review, and future research directions.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Deniz S. Ones
- University of Minnesota Twin Cities, Minneapolis, USA
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Wright AJ, Weston SJ, Norton S, Voss M, Bogdan R, Oltmanns TF, Jackson JJ. Prospective self- and informant-personality associations with inflammation, health behaviors, and health indicators. Psychol Health 2022; 41:121-133. [PMID: 35238582 PMCID: PMC9775638 DOI: 10.1037/hea0001162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Personality influences many aspects of the health process. It is unclear to what extent self- and informant-reports of the Big Five offer incremental validity for the prediction of inflammatory biomarkers and whether inflammation provides a unique pathway between personality and indicators of physical health, independent of health behaviors. METHOD Using data from older adults (N = 1,630) enrolled in the St. Louis Personality and Aging Network study, we tested whether self- and informant-reported Big Five traits show unique associations with inflammation (IL-6, CRP, TNF-α). Further, we tested whether inflammation and health behaviors indirectly link personality to health-related quality of life, body mass index, and chronic disease burden using longitudinal mediation in a structural equation modeling framework. RESULTS Self-reports, informant-reports, and general trait factors of personality predicted future inflammatory biomarker levels (unstandardized regression coefficients ranged -.08 to .07 for self, -.13 to -.10 for informants, and -.16 to -.11 for general). Additionally, all assessment methods of personality were associated with the indicators of physical health through biomarker and health behavior pathways. Effects were primarily found for conscientiousness and neuroticism; IL-6 and CRP were the biomarkers with the most indirect effects; and indirect paths overall emerged more frequently through health behaviors, but this varied by outcome. CONCLUSIONS Self- and informant-reports provided unique predictive validity of inflammatory biomarkers. Findings highlight the benefits of using of multiple assessments of personality and the importance of examining multiple, distinct pathways by which personality might influence health to understand the mechanisms underlying this relationship more fully. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2022 APA, all rights reserved).
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Werner MCF, Wirgenes KV, Shadrin A, Lunding SH, Rødevand L, Hjell G, Ormerod MBEG, Haram M, Agartz I, Djurovic S, Melle I, Aukrust P, Ueland T, Andreassen OA, Steen NE. Immune marker levels in severe mental disorders: associations with polygenic risk scores of related mental phenotypes and psoriasis. Transl Psychiatry 2022; 12:38. [PMID: 35082268 PMCID: PMC8792001 DOI: 10.1038/s41398-022-01811-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2021] [Revised: 12/22/2021] [Accepted: 01/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Several lines of evidence implicate immune abnormalities in the pathophysiology of severe mental disorders (SMD) and comorbid mental disorders. Here, we use the data from genome-wide association studies (GWAS) of autoimmune diseases and mental phenotypes associated with SMD to disentangle genetic susceptibilities of immune abnormalities in SMD. We included 1004 patients with SMD and 947 healthy controls (HC) and measured plasma levels of IL-1Ra, sIL-2R, gp130, sTNFR-1, IL-18, APRIL, and ICAM-1. Polygenic risk scores (PRS) of six autoimmune disorders, CRP, and 10 SMD-related mental phenotypes were calculated from GWAS. General linear models were applied to assess the association of PRS with immune marker abnormalities. We found negative associations between PRS of educational attainment and IL-1Ra (P = 0.01) and IL-18 (P = 0.01). There were nominal positive associations between PRS of psoriasis and sgp130 (P = 0.02) and PRS of anxiety and IL-18 (P = 0.03), and nominal negative associations between PRS of anxiety and sIL-2R (P = 0.02) and PRS of educational attainment and sIL-2R (P = 0.03). Associations explained minor amounts of the immune marker plasma-level difference between SMD and HC. Different PRS and immune marker associations in the SMD group compared to HC were shown for PRS of extraversion and IL-1Ra ([interaction effect (IE), P = 0.002), and nominally for PRS of openness and IL-1Ra (IE, P = 0.02) and sTNFR-1 (IE, P = 0.04). Our findings indicate polygenic susceptibilities to immune abnormalities in SMD involving genetic overlap with SMD-related mental phenotypes and psoriasis. Associations might suggest immune genetic factors of SMD subgroups characterized by autoimmune or specific mental features.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maren Caroline Frogner Werner
- NORMENT, Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital & Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.
| | - Katrine Verena Wirgenes
- NORMENT, Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital & Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Medical Genetics, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Alexey Shadrin
- NORMENT, Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital & Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Synve Hoffart Lunding
- NORMENT, Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital & Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Linn Rødevand
- NORMENT, Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital & Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Gabriela Hjell
- NORMENT, Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital & Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Psychiatry, Ostfold Hospital, Graalum, Norway
| | | | - Marit Haram
- NORMENT, Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital & Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Ingrid Agartz
- NORMENT, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Psychiatric Research, Diakonhjemmet Hospital, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Centre for Psychiatric Research, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Srdjan Djurovic
- Department of Medical Genetics, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
- NORMENT, Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Ingrid Melle
- NORMENT, Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital & Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Pål Aukrust
- Research Institute of Internal Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Section of Clinical Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Oslo University Hospital Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway
| | - Thor Ueland
- Research Institute of Internal Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- K.G. Jebsen - Thrombosis Research and Expertise Center (TREC), University of Tromsø, Tromsø, Norway
| | - Ole Andreas Andreassen
- NORMENT, Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital & Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Nils Eiel Steen
- NORMENT, Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital & Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
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Mengelkoch S, Gassen J, Corrigan EK, Hill SE. Exploring the Links between Personality and Immune Function. PERSONALITY AND INDIVIDUAL DIFFERENCES 2022; 184:111179. [PMID: 34737485 PMCID: PMC8562652 DOI: 10.1016/j.paid.2021.111179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Decades of research finds associations between personality traits and health. In recent years, it has become clear that the activities of the immune system play a key role in linking these variables. In the current work, we add to this research by exploring the relationship between Big Five personality traits and (Study 1) polymorphisms known to impact cytokine release and (Study 2) immunological parameters measured in vivo (differential white blood cell counts, plasma proinflammatory cytokine levels) and in vitro (proinflammatory cytokine release by peripheral blood mononuclear cells, Staphylococcus aureus growth in plasma). Results provide insights into potential mechanistic drivers of the link between personality and immune function and the possibility that, in some cases, relationships between personality and immune function may be sex differentiated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Summer Mengelkoch
- Department of Psychology, Texas Christian University, Fort Worth, TX, United States
| | - Jeff Gassen
- Department of Psychology, Texas Christian University, Fort Worth, TX, United States
| | - Emily K. Corrigan
- Department of Psychology, Texas Christian University, Fort Worth, TX, United States
| | - Sarah E. Hill
- Department of Psychology, Texas Christian University, Fort Worth, TX, United States
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Imami L, Jiang Y, Murdock KW, Zilioli S. Links Between Socioeconomic Status, Daily Depressive Affect, Diurnal Cortisol Patterns, and All-Cause Mortality. Psychosom Med 2022; 84:29-39. [PMID: 34419996 DOI: 10.1097/psy.0000000000001004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Socioeconomic status (SES) remains a robust risk factor for mortality. Various theoretical models postulate that lower SES is associated with higher negative affect, which then initiates a cascade of physiological disturbances that contribute to illness and early mortality. However, few studies have explicitly investigated the interplay between psychological and biological factors in determining SES disparities in mortality. This study examined the role of daily negative affect and cortisol secretion in explaining the SES-mortality link in a large sample of US adults. METHODS Using data from the Midlife in the United States study (n = 1735, mean [standard deviation] age = 56.40 [12.10] years, 56.4% female), we tested longitudinal associations between SES, daily negative affect, daily cortisol levels, and all-cause mortality 13 years later. Daily negative affect was classified into three clusters reflecting depressive affect, anxiety, and anger. RESULTS Higher SES was linked to a lower risk of all-cause mortality (hazard ratio = 0.94, 95% confidence interval = 0.90 to 0.97). Furthermore, there was a sequential link between higher SES and lower mortality through lower daily depressive affect and a steeper ("healthier") diurnal cortisol slope (indirect effect = -0.0007, 95% confidence interval = -0.0014 to -0.0002). Daily anxiety and anger were not associated with cortisol levels or mortality (p values > .05). CONCLUSIONS These findings suggest that daily negative emotional experiences and the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis functioning may constitute important psychological and physiological pathways underlying the link between SES and all-cause mortality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ledina Imami
- From the Department of Psychology (Imami), Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana; Department of Psychology (Jiang, Zilioli), Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan; Department of Biobehavioral Health (Murdock), The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania; and Department of Family Medicine and Public Health Sciences (Zilioli), Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan
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Flint J, Cohen L, Nath D, Habib Z, Guo X, Galynker I, Calati R. The association between the suicide crisis syndrome and suicidal behaviors: The moderating role of personality traits. Eur Psychiatry 2021; 64:e63. [PMID: 34641984 PMCID: PMC8581701 DOI: 10.1192/j.eurpsy.2021.2235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Personality traits have been associated with long-term suicide risk but their relationship with short-term risk is still unknown. Therefore, to address this gap, we explored the moderating effect of personality traits on the relationship between the Suicide Crisis Syndrome (SCS) and short-term suicidal behaviors (SB). SAMPLING AND METHODS Adult participants (N = 459) were administered the Suicide Crisis Inventory (SCI), a validated self-report questionnaire designed to measure the intensity of the Suicidal Crisis Syndrome, the Big Five Inventory for personality traits, and the Columbia Suicide Severity Rating Scale for SB at intake and at a 1-month follow-up. The PROCESS macro in SPSS was used to test the moderation model. Covariates hypothesized to influence the results were added: age, gender, ethnicity, years of education, and depressive symptomatology on the Beck Depression Inventory. This study was a secondary analysis drawn from a larger study on the SCS. RESULTS SCI total score had a significant positive relationship with SB at the 1-month follow-up for patients with lower levels of extraversion, agreeableness, conscientiousness, and openness, respectively. Hence, these four traits were protective against SB. There was an association between SCI and SB for patients with high levels of neuroticism at the 1-month follow-up. CONCLUSIONS High levels of neuroticism served as a risk factor, whereas high levels of the other Big Five traits were protective factors against short-term SB in the context of elevated SCS symptoms. Thus, personality traits play a role in moderating the relationship between the SCS and imminent SB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jada Flint
- Department of Psychiatry, Mount Sinai Beth Israel, New York, New York, USA
| | - Lisa Cohen
- Department of Psychiatry, Mount Sinai Beth Israel, New York, New York, USA
| | - Diyaree Nath
- Department of Psychiatry, Mount Sinai Beth Israel, New York, New York, USA
| | - Zara Habib
- Department of Psychiatry, Mount Sinai Beth Israel, New York, New York, USA
| | - Xufei Guo
- Department of Psychiatry, Mount Sinai Beth Israel, New York, New York, USA
| | - Igor Galynker
- Department of Psychiatry, Mount Sinai Beth Israel, New York, New York, USA
| | - Raffaella Calati
- Department of Psychiatry, Mount Sinai Beth Israel, New York, New York, USA.,Department of Psychology, University of Milan-Bicocca, 20126Milan, Italy.,Department of Adult Psychiatry, Nîmes University Hospital, 30029Nîmes, France
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Molnar DS, Moore J, O'Leary DD, MacNeil AJ, Wade TJ. Perfectionistic cognitions, Interleukin-6, and C-Reactive protein: A test of the perfectionism diathesis stress model. Brain Behav Immun Health 2021; 13:100211. [PMID: 34589737 PMCID: PMC8474573 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbih.2021.100211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2021] [Accepted: 01/23/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Previous research has demonstrated that perfectionism is implicated in poorer health and earlier mortality. However, to our knowledge, research has not yet determined how individual differences in perfectionistic cognitions are related to intermediary health markers such as inflammation. Thus, within the theoretical frameworks of the perfectionism diathesis-stress model (Hewitt and Flett, 1993) and the cognitive theory of perfectionism (Flett et al., 2018; Flett et al., 2016) the aims of our study were to test whether individual differences in perfectionistic cognitions were associated with low-grade inflammation via c-reactive CRP and IL-6 biomarkers and whether these relationships varied as a function perceived stress. The sample included 248 Canadian young adults (52% female, Mage = 22.89, SD = 1.53) who completed surveys assessing key constructs such as perfectionistic cognitions and perceived stress along with providing assessments of body fat percentage and serum samples of IL-6 and CRP. Regression analyses indicated that perfectionistic cognitions were not related to IL-6 under any conditions of stress. However, under high levels of stress perfectionistic cognitions were associated with elevated levels of CRP and these findings held after accounting for the effects of smoking status, body fat percentage, and respondent sex. The present work adds to the growing body of evidence supporting links between personality and inflammation. These findings raise the possibility that experiencing more frequent thoughts centered on the need to be perfect when coupled with higher levels of stress may set the stage for greater vulnerability for chronic inflammation. Perfectionistic cognitions were related to elevated levels of CRP under high levels of perceived stress. Perfectionistic cognitions were not related to CRP under low or moderate levels of perceived stress. Perfectionistic cognitions were not related to IL-6 under any conditions of stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danielle S Molnar
- Department of Child and Youth Studies, Brock University, St. Catharines, Ontario, Canada
| | - Jessy Moore
- Department of Health Sciences, Brock University, St. Catharines, Ontario, Canada
| | - Deborah D O'Leary
- Department of Health Sciences, Brock University, St. Catharines, Ontario, Canada
| | - Adam J MacNeil
- Department of Health Sciences, Brock University, St. Catharines, Ontario, Canada
| | - Terrance J Wade
- Department of Health Sciences, Brock University, St. Catharines, Ontario, Canada
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Chan T, Wanigatunga AA, Terracciano A, Carlson MC, Bandeen-Roche K, Costa PT, Simonsick EM, Schrack JA. Traits and treadmills: Association between personality and perceived fatigability in well-functioning community-dwelling older adults. Psychol Aging 2021; 36:710-717. [PMID: 34516174 DOI: 10.1037/pag0000631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Physical fatigability, or susceptibility to physical fatigue, is strongly associated with aging, disease, and disability. Over the lifecourse, personality traits are also connected to numerous age-related vulnerabilities and resistance-yet, their longitudinal association with fatigability remains unknown. Well-functioning community-dwelling volunteers aged ≥50 (N = 995) from the Baltimore Longitudinal Study of Aging (BLSA) were assessed over an average of 2 years on personality traits (NEO-PI-R; openness, conscientiousness, extraversion, agreeableness, and neuroticism) and perceived fatigability [Borg Rating of Perceived Exertion (RPE) after a 5-min slow treadmill walk; 6 (low) to 20 (high) exertion]. Linear and multinomial logistic regression models examined cross-sectional associations [treating fatigability continuously and by RPE category: low (6-7), intermediate (8-9), and high (10+)]. Generalized estimating equations (GEE) tested longitudinal associations. All models were adjusted for demographics and comorbid conditions. In cross-sectional models, openness, β = -.09 RPE (SE =.03); p < .01, conscientiousness, β = -.07 (.03); p < .05, and extraversion, β = -.10 (.03); p < .01, were negatively associated with fatigability. In parallel, lower openness, OR: .98, 95% CI [.96-1.00], conscientiousness, OR: .98, 95% CI [.96-1.00], and extraversion, OR: .97, 95% CI [.95-.99], corresponded with higher odds of having high versus low fatigability. In longitudinal models (mean follow-up time 2 ± 2 years), openness, conscientiousness, and extraversion associations remained significant and did not change over time (Trait × Year p values > .34). Together, findings suggest that personality plays a role in the perceived tolerance of fatigue in well-functioning older adults. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2021 APA, all rights reserved).
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Chan
- Department of Psychology and Health Equity Research Education Center, California State University Northridge
| | | | | | - Michelle C Carlson
- Department of Mental Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health
| | | | - Paul T Costa
- Department of Mental Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health
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Hajek A, Kretzler B, König HH. Relationship between personality factors and frailty. A systematic review. Arch Gerontol Geriatr 2021; 97:104508. [PMID: 34507180 DOI: 10.1016/j.archger.2021.104508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2021] [Revised: 08/05/2021] [Accepted: 08/19/2021] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE To date, some empirical studies showed a link between personality factors and frailty. Nevertheless, a systematic review is lacking synthesizing the current evidence. Consequently, the purpose of this review was to fill this gap in knowledge based on observational studies. MATERIALS AND METHODS Three electronic databases (PubMed, PsycINFO, CINAHL) were searched. Moreover, a hand search was conducted. Observational studies focusing on the association between personality and frailty were included, whereas disease-specific studies were excluded. Data referring to methods, characteristics of the sample and key findings were extracted. The NIH tool was used to assess study quality/risk of bias. Two reviewers performed study selection, extracted the data and conducted the quality assessment. RESULT In sum, five (mostly longitudinal) studies were included in the final synthesis. Mainly based on large, nationally representative cohorts, these studies point to an association between personality and frailty. More precisely, they mainly point to a link between low conscientiousness as well as high neuroticism and increased frailty levels. The quality of the studies included was quite high. CONCLUSIONS This knowledge may assist in identifying individuals at risk for increased frailty levels (i.e., particularly individuals with low conscientiousness and high neuroticism). Efforts to increase conscientiousness and reduce neuroticism may assist in postponing frailty. Future studies are required to elucidate the underlying mechanisms. Prospero registration number: CRD42020193100.
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Affiliation(s)
- André Hajek
- Department of Health Economics and Health Services Research, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg Center for Health Economics, Martinistraße 52, 20246 Hamburg, Germany.
| | - Benedikt Kretzler
- Department of Health Economics and Health Services Research, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg Center for Health Economics, Martinistraße 52, 20246 Hamburg, Germany.
| | - Hans-Helmut König
- Department of Health Economics and Health Services Research, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg Center for Health Economics, Martinistraße 52, 20246 Hamburg, Germany.
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Vital personality scores and healthy aging: Life-course associations and familial transmission. Soc Sci Med 2021; 285:114283. [PMID: 34450386 PMCID: PMC8482063 DOI: 10.1016/j.socscimed.2021.114283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2020] [Revised: 07/16/2021] [Accepted: 07/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Personality traits are linked with healthy aging, but it is not clear how these associations come to manifest across the life-course and across generations. To study this question, we tested a series of hypotheses about (a) personality-trait prediction of markers of healthy aging across the life-course, (b) developmental origins, stability and change of links between personality and healthy aging across time, and (c) intergenerational transmission of links between personality and healthy aging. For our analyses we used a measure that aggregates the contributions of Big 5 personality traits to healthy aging: a "vital personality" score. METHODS Data came from two population-based longitudinal cohort studies, one based in New Zealand and the other in the UK, comprising over 6000 study members across two generations, and spanning an age range from birth to late life. RESULTS Our analyses revealed three main findings: first, individuals with higher vital personality scores engaged in fewer health-risk behaviors, aged slower, and lived longer. Second, individuals' vital personality scores were preceded by differences in early-life temperament and were relatively stable across adulthood, but also increased from young adulthood to midlife. Third, individuals with higher vital personality scores had children with similarly vital partners, promoted healthier behaviors in their children, and had children who grew up to have more vital personality scores themselves, for genetic and environmental reasons. CONCLUSION Our study shows how the health benefits associated with personality accrue throughout the life-course and across generations.
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Neuroticism is positively associated with leptin/adiponectin ratio, leptin and IL-6 in young adults. Sci Rep 2021; 11:9690. [PMID: 33963214 PMCID: PMC8105321 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-89251-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2021] [Accepted: 04/23/2021] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
High neuroticism is related to cardiovascular morbidity. Early detection of metabolic and cardiovascular risk is important in high-risk groups to enable preventive measures. The aim of this study was therefore to explore if neuroticism is associated with early biomarkers for cardiovascular and metabolic disease in young adults from a psychiatry cohort. Blood samples and self-ratings on neuroticism with the Swedish universities Scales of Personality (SSP) questionnaire were collected from 172 psychiatric outpatients and 46 healthy controls. The blood samples were analysed for plasma leptin, adiponectin, CRP, IL-6 and TNF-α. Associations between neuroticism and biomarkers were assessed using Spearman's correlation coefficients and generalized linear models adjusting for confounders. In the adjusted generalized linear models, neuroticism predicted the leptin/adiponectin ratio (p = 0.003), leptin (p = 0.004) and IL-6 (p = 0.001). These associations were not better explained by current major depressive disorder and/or anxiety disorder. Adiponectin, CRP and TNF-α were not associated with neuroticism. In conclusion, the findings suggest that high neuroticism is related to elevated levels of plasma leptin/adiponectin ratio, leptin and IL-6 in young adults. Young adults with high neuroticism may therefore benefit from preventive interventions to decrease the risk for future metabolic and cardiovascular morbidity, but more research is required to test this hypothesis.
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Vergès B, Brands R, Fourmont C, Petit JM, Simoneau I, Rouland A, Legris P, Bouillet B, Chauvet-Gélinier JC. Fewer Type A personality traits in type 2 diabetes patients with diabetic foot ulcer. DIABETES & METABOLISM 2021; 47:101245. [PMID: 33722768 DOI: 10.1016/j.diabet.2021.101245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2020] [Revised: 02/26/2021] [Accepted: 03/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
AIM Type A personality-characterized by time urgency, strong drive, and a need for achievement and competitiveness-has been shown to be associated with reduced mortality in patients with diabetes. However, it is not known whether a Type A personality might protect against diabetic foot ulcer (DFU). This prompted our present analysis of the association between Type A personality and DFU. METHODS The Bortner Scale questionnaire was used to assess Type A personality in 386 patients with type 2 diabetes (T2D), including 104 patients also presenting with, and 282 presenting without, DFU. Additional questionnaires were used to assess perceived stress and depression. RESULTS Type A Bortner scores were significantly lower in T2D patients with vs without DFU (166.64 ± 38.76 vs 178.79 ± 36.61, respectively; P = 0.005). In patients with DFU, the prevalence of Type A personality traits was significantly lower than in those without DFU (48% vs 64.5%, respectively; P = 0.005) whereas, in contrast, Type B personality traits (the opposite of Type A) were more prevalent (52% vs 35.5%, respectively; P = 0.005). On multivariate analysis, Type A Bortner scores were negatively associated with DFU (P = 0.008) independently of age, gender, BMI, depression scores or perceived stress. CONCLUSION The Type A personality, characterized by competitiveness and a need for achievement, is significantly less frequently seen in T2D patients with DFU. On the other hand, the Type B personality is much more prevalent in such patients. It may be that the Type B personality, which is characterized by fewer problem-focused coping strategies and a decreased adherence to care, might favour the development of DFU.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bruno Vergès
- CHU Dijon, Department of Endocrinology-Diabetology, Dijon, France; University of Burgundy, INSERM LNC UMR1231, Dijon, France.
| | - Roxane Brands
- CHU Dijon, Department of Endocrinology-Diabetology, Dijon, France
| | - Coralie Fourmont
- CHU Dijon, Department of Endocrinology-Diabetology, Dijon, France
| | - Jean-Michel Petit
- CHU Dijon, Department of Endocrinology-Diabetology, Dijon, France; University of Burgundy, INSERM LNC UMR1231, Dijon, France
| | - Isabelle Simoneau
- CHU Dijon, Department of Endocrinology-Diabetology, Dijon, France; University of Burgundy, INSERM LNC UMR1231, Dijon, France
| | - Alexia Rouland
- CHU Dijon, Department of Endocrinology-Diabetology, Dijon, France; University of Burgundy, INSERM LNC UMR1231, Dijon, France
| | - Pauline Legris
- CHU Dijon, Department of Endocrinology-Diabetology, Dijon, France
| | - Benjamin Bouillet
- CHU Dijon, Department of Endocrinology-Diabetology, Dijon, France; University of Burgundy, INSERM LNC UMR1231, Dijon, France
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O'Súilleabháin PS, Turiano NA, Gerstorf D, Luchetti M, Gallagher S, Sesker AA, Terracciano A, Sutin AR. Personality pathways to mortality: Interleukin-6 links conscientiousness to mortality risk. Brain Behav Immun 2021; 93:238-244. [PMID: 33571630 PMCID: PMC7979517 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbi.2021.01.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2020] [Revised: 12/21/2020] [Accepted: 01/28/2021] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Personality is associated consistently with mortality hazards, but the physiological pathways are not yet clear. Immune system dysregulation may be one such pathway due to its role in age-related morbidity and mortality. In this preregistered study, we tested whether interleukin-6 (IL-6) and C-reactive protein (CRP) mediated the associations between personality traits and mortality hazards. The sample included 957 participants (M ± SD = 58.65 ± 11.51 years; range = 35-86 years) from the Midlife in the United States Survey that had 14 years of follow-up. Higher conscientiousness was associated with lower mortality hazards, with each one standard deviation higher conscientiousness associated with a 35% lower mortality risk. IL-6, but not CRP, partially mediated this association, with IL-6 accounting for 18% of this association in the fully adjusted model. While there was initial evidence that the biomarkers mediated both neuroticism and agreeableness and mortality risk, the indirect effects were not significant when controlling for the sociodemographic variables. Taken together, higher conscientiousness may lead to a longer life partially as a result of lower IL-6. This work highlights the importance of biological pathways that link personality to future mortality risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Páraic S O'Súilleabháin
- Department of Psychology, University of Limerick, Limerick, Ireland; Health Research Institute, University of Limerick, Limerick, Ireland.
| | | | - Denis Gerstorf
- Department of Psychology, Humboldt University Berlin, Germany
| | - Martina Luchetti
- Department of Behavioral Sciences and Social Medicine, Florida State University, Tallahassee, United States
| | - Stephen Gallagher
- Department of Psychology, University of Limerick, Limerick, Ireland; Health Research Institute, University of Limerick, Limerick, Ireland
| | - Amanda A Sesker
- Department of Behavioral Sciences and Social Medicine, Florida State University, Tallahassee, United States
| | - Antonio Terracciano
- Department of Geriatrics, Florida State University, Tallahassee, United States
| | - Angelina R Sutin
- Department of Behavioral Sciences and Social Medicine, Florida State University, Tallahassee, United States
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Infection threat shapes our social instincts. Behav Ecol Sociobiol 2021; 75:47. [PMID: 33583997 PMCID: PMC7873116 DOI: 10.1007/s00265-021-02975-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2020] [Revised: 01/05/2021] [Accepted: 01/11/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
We social animals must balance the need to avoid infections with the need to interact with conspecifics. To that end we have evolved, alongside our physiological immune system, a suite of behaviors devised to deal with potentially contagious individuals. Focusing mostly on humans, the current review describes the design and biological innards of this behavioral immune system, laying out how infection threat shapes sociality and sociality shapes infection threat. The paper shows how the danger of contagion is detected and posted to the brain; how it affects individuals’ mate choice and sex life; why it strengthens ties within groups but severs those between them, leading to hostility toward anyone who looks, smells, or behaves unusually; and how it permeates the foundation of our moral and political views. This system was already in place when agriculture and animal domestication set off a massive increase in our population density, personal connections, and interaction with other species, amplifying enormously the spread of disease. Alas, pandemics such as COVID-19 not only are a disaster for public health, but, by rousing millions of behavioral immune systems, could prove a threat to harmonious cohabitation too.
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Personality traits in psychosis and psychosis risk linked to TSPO expression: a neuroimmune marker. PERSONALITY NEUROSCIENCE 2020; 3:e14. [PMID: 33354652 PMCID: PMC7737185 DOI: 10.1017/pen.2020.14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2019] [Revised: 08/19/2020] [Accepted: 08/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Personality has been correlated with differences in cytokine expression, an indicator of peripheral inflammation; however, the associations between personality and central markers of inflammation have never been investigated in vivo in humans. Microglia are the resident macrophages of the central nervous system, and the first responders to tissue damage and brain insult. Microglial activation is associated with elevated expression of translocator protein 18kDa (TSPO), which can be imaged with positron emission tomography (PET) to quantify immune activation in the human brain. This study aimed to investigate the association between personality and TSPO expression across the psychosis spectrum. A total of 61 high-resolution [18F]FEPPA PET scans were conducted in 28 individuals at clinical high risk (CHR) for psychosis, 19 First-Episode Psychosis (FEP), and 14 healthy volunteers (HVs), and analyzed using a two-tissue compartment model and plasma input function to obtain a total volume of distribution (VT) as an index of brain TSPO expression (controlling for the rs6971 TSPO polymorphism). Personality was assessed using the Revised NEO Personality Inventory (NEO-PI-R). We found TSPO expression to be specifically associated with neuroticism. A positive association between TSPO expression and neuroticism was found in HVs, in contrast to a nonsignificant, negative association in CHR and significant negative association in FEP. The TSPO-associated neuroticism trait indicates an unexplored connection between neuroimmune activation and personality that varies across the psychosis spectrum.
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