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Bayode AA, Emmanuel SS, Akinyemi AO, Ore OT, Akpotu SO, Koko DT, Momodu DE, López-Maldonado EA. Innovative Techniques for Combating a Common Enemy Forever Chemicals: A Comprehensive Approach to Mitigating Per- and Polyfluoroalkyl Substances (PFAS) Contamination. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2024; 261:119719. [PMID: 39098711 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2024.119719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2024] [Revised: 07/24/2024] [Accepted: 07/31/2024] [Indexed: 08/06/2024]
Abstract
The pervasive presence of per and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS), commonly referred to as "forever chemicals," in water systems poses a significant threat to both the environment and public health. PFAS are persistent organic pollutants that are incredibly resistant to degradation and have a tendency to accumulate in the environment, resulting in long-term contamination issues. This comprehensive review delves into the primary impacts of PFAS on both the environment and human health while also delving into advanced techniques aimed at addressing these concerns. The focus is on exploring the efficacy, practicality, and sustainability of these methods. The review outlines several key methods, such as advanced oxidation processes, novel materials adsorption, bioremediation, membrane filtration, and in-situ chemical oxidation, and evaluates their effectiveness in addressing PFAS contamination. By conducting a comparative analysis of these techniques, the study aims to provide a thorough understanding of current PFAS remediation technologies, as well as offer insights into integrated approaches for managing these persistent pollutants effectively. While acknowledging the high efficiency of adsorption and membrane filtration in reducing persistent organic pollutants due to their relatively low cost, versatility, and wide applicability, the review suggests that the integration of these methods could result in an overall enhancement of removal performance. Additionally, the study emphasizes the need for researcher attention in key areas and underscores the necessity of collaboration between researchers, industry, and regulatory authorities to address this complex challenge.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ajibola A Bayode
- College of Chemical Engineering, Sichuan University of Science and Engineering, Zigong, 643000, China; Department of Chemical Sciences, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Redeemer's University, P.M.B. 230, 232101, Ede, Nigeria.
| | - Stephen Sunday Emmanuel
- Department of Industrial Chemistry, Faculty of Physical Sciences, University of Ilorin, P. M. B. 1515, Ilorin, Nigeria.
| | - Amos O Akinyemi
- Department of Toxicology & Cancer Biology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40536, USA
| | - Odunayo T Ore
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Achievers University, P.M.B. 1030, Owo, Nigeria
| | - Samson O Akpotu
- Department of Chemistry, Vaal University of Technology, Vanderbijlpark 1900, Gauteng, South Africa
| | - Daniel T Koko
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Redeemer's University, P.M.B. 230, 232101, Ede, Nigeria
| | - David E Momodu
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Redeemer's University, P.M.B. 230, 232101, Ede, Nigeria
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Liu ZZ, Pan CG, Peng FJ, Hu JJ, Tan HM, Zhu RG, Zhou CY, Liang H, Yu K. Rapid adsorptive removal of emerging and legacy PFASs from water using zinc chloride-modified litchi seed-derived biochar. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2024:131157. [PMID: 39059588 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2024.131157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2024] [Revised: 07/16/2024] [Accepted: 07/23/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024]
Abstract
The present study successfully synthesized a novel biochar adsorbent (M-L-BC) using litchi seed modified with zinc chloride for PFAS removal in water. M-L-BC greatly enhanced removal of all examined PFASs (>95 %) as compared to the pristine biochar (<40 %). The maximum adsorption capacity was observed for PFOS, reaching 29.6 mg/g. Adsorption kinetics of PFASs followed the pseudo-second-order model (PSO), suggesting the predominance of chemical adsorption. Moreover, characterization and density functional theory (DFT) calculations jointly revealed involvement of surface complexation, electrostatic interactions, hydrogen bonding, and hydrophobic interactions in PFAS adsorption. Robust PFAS removal was demonstrated for M-L-BC across a wide range of pH (3-9), and coexisting ions had limited impact on adsorption of PFASs except PFBA. Furthermore, M-L-BC showed excellent performance in real water samples and retained reusability after five cycles of regeneration. Overall, M-L-BC represents a promising and high-quality adsorbent for efficient and sustainable removal of PFASs from water.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhen-Zhu Liu
- School of Resources, Environment and Materials, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China; Guangxi Laboratory On the Study of Coral Reefs in the South China Sea, School of Marine Sciences, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China
| | - Chang-Gui Pan
- Guangxi Laboratory On the Study of Coral Reefs in the South China Sea, School of Marine Sciences, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China.
| | - Feng-Jiao Peng
- SCNU Environmental Research Institute, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Chemical Pollution and Environmental Safety, MOE Key Laboratory of Theoretical Chemistry of Environment, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510006, China; School of Environment, South China Normal University, University Town, Guangzhou 510006, China.
| | - Jun-Jie Hu
- Guangxi Laboratory On the Study of Coral Reefs in the South China Sea, School of Marine Sciences, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China
| | - Hong-Ming Tan
- School of Resources, Environment and Materials, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China; Guangxi Laboratory On the Study of Coral Reefs in the South China Sea, School of Marine Sciences, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China
| | - Rong-Gui Zhu
- Guangxi Laboratory On the Study of Coral Reefs in the South China Sea, School of Marine Sciences, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China
| | - Chao-Yang Zhou
- Guangxi Laboratory On the Study of Coral Reefs in the South China Sea, School of Marine Sciences, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China
| | - Hao Liang
- Guangxi Laboratory On the Study of Coral Reefs in the South China Sea, School of Marine Sciences, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China
| | - Kefu Yu
- Guangxi Laboratory On the Study of Coral Reefs in the South China Sea, School of Marine Sciences, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China
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Vakili M, Cagnetta G, Deng S, Wang W, Gholami Z, Gholami F, Dastyar W, Mojiri A, Blaney L. Regeneration of exhausted adsorbents after PFAS adsorption: A critical review. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2024; 471:134429. [PMID: 38691929 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2024.134429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2024] [Revised: 03/26/2024] [Accepted: 04/24/2024] [Indexed: 05/03/2024]
Abstract
The adsorption process efficiently removes per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) from water, but managing exhausted adsorbents presents notable environmental and economic challenges. Conventional disposal methods, such as incineration, may reintroduce PFAS into the environment. Therefore, advanced regeneration techniques are imperative to prevent leaching during disposal and enhance sustainability and cost-effectiveness. This review critically evaluates thermal and chemical regeneration approaches for PFAS-laden adsorbents, elucidating their operational mechanisms, the influence of water quality parameters, and their inherent advantages and limitations. Thermal regeneration achieves notable desorption efficiencies, reaching up to 99% for activated carbon. However, it requires significant energy input and risks compromising the adsorbent's structural integrity, resulting in considerable mass loss (10-20%). In contrast, chemical regeneration presents a diverse efficiency landscape across different regenerants, including water, acidic/basic, salt, solvent, and multi-component solutions. Multi-component solutions demonstrate superior efficiency (>90%) compared to solvent-based solutions (12.50%), which, in turn, outperform salt (2.34%), acidic/basic (1.17%), and water (0.40%) regenerants. This hierarchical effectiveness underscores the nuanced nature of chemical regeneration, significantly influenced by factors such as regenerant composition, the molecular structure of PFAS, and the presence of organic co-contaminants. Exploring the conditional efficacy of thermal and chemical regeneration methods underscores the imperative of strategic selection based on specific types of PFAS and material properties. By emphasizing the limitations and potential of particular regeneration schemes and advocating for future research directions, such as exploring persulfate activation treatments, this review aims to catalyze the development of more effective regeneration processes. The ultimate goal is to ensure water quality and public health protection through environmentally sound solutions for PFAS remediation efforts.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Giovanni Cagnetta
- Faculty of Geosciences and Environmental Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu 610031, China.
| | - Shubo Deng
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control (SKLESPC), Beijing Key Laboratory for Emerging Organic Contaminants Control, School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Wei Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Plateau Ecology and Agriculture, Qinghai University, Xi'ning, Qinghai Province 810016, China
| | - Zahra Gholami
- ORLEN UniCRE, a.s, Revoluční 1521/84, 400 01 Ústí nad Labem, Czech Republic
| | - Fatemeh Gholami
- Department of Mathematics, Physics, and Technology, Faculty of Education, University of West Bohemia, Klatovská 51, Plzeň 301 00, Czech Republic
| | - Wafa Dastyar
- Chemical, Environmental, and Materials Engineering Department, McArthur Engineering Building, University of Miami, Coral Gables, FL 33124, USA
| | - Amin Mojiri
- School of Sustainable Engineering and the Built Environment, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85287-3005, USA
| | - Lee Blaney
- University of Maryland Baltimore County, Department of Chemical, Biochemical, and Environmental Engineering, Baltimore, MD 21250, USA
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Shin J, An B. Effect of ligand interactions within modified granular activated carbon (GAC) on mixed perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) and perfluorooctanesulfonic acid (PFOS) adsorption. CHEMOSPHERE 2024; 357:142025. [PMID: 38614400 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2024.142025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2023] [Revised: 04/06/2024] [Accepted: 04/10/2024] [Indexed: 04/15/2024]
Abstract
A new adsorbent based on commercial granular activated carbon (GAC) and loaded with Cu(II) (GAC-Cu) was prepared to enhance the adsorption capacity of perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) and perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS). The surface area (SA) and pore volume of GAC-Cu decreased by ∼15% compared to those of pristine GAC. The scanning electron microscopy-energy dispersive spectrometry (SEM-EDS) and leaching test results indicated that, compared with GAC, the Cu atomic ratio and Cu amount in GAC-Cu increased by 2.91 and 2.43 times, respectively. The point of zero charge (PZC) measured using a salt addition method obtained a pH of 6.0 (GAC) and 5.0 (GAC-Cu). According to the isotherm models obtaining highest coefficient of determination (R2), GAC-Cu exhibited a 20.4% and 35.2% increase for PFOA and PFOS in maximum uptake (qm), respectively, compared to those of GAC. In addition, the adsorption affinity (b) for GAC-Cu increased by 1045% and 175% for PFOA and PFOS, respectively. The pH effect on the adsorption capacity of GAC-Cu was investigated. The uptake of PFOA and PFOS decreased with an increase in pH for both GAC and GAC-Cu. GAC-Cu exhibited higher uptake than GAC at pH 6 and 7, but no enhanced uptake was observed at pH 4.0, 5.0, and 8.5. Therefore, ligand interaction was effective at weak acid or neutral pH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeongwoo Shin
- Department of Civil, Environmental, and Biomedical Engineering, Sangmyung University, Cheonan, 31066, Republic of Korea
| | - Byungryul An
- Department of Civil Engineering, Sangmyung University, Cheonan, 31066, Republic of Korea.
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Gotad PS, Bochenek C, Wesdemiotis C, Jana SC. Separation of Perfluorooctanoic Acid from Water Using Meso- and Macroporous Syndiotactic Polystyrene Gels. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2024; 40:10208-10216. [PMID: 38695840 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.4c00482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/15/2024]
Abstract
Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances are an emerging class of contaminants that are environmentally persistent, bioaccumulative, and noxious to human health. Among these, perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) molecules are widely found in ground and surface water sources. A novel high surface area, meso- and macroporous syndiotactic polystyrene (sPS) wet gel is used in this work as the adsorbent of PFOA molecules from water at environmentally relevant PFOA concentrations (≤1 μg/L) and cleanse water to below the U.S. EPA's 2023 health advisory limit of 4 parts per trillion (ppt). The sigmoidal shape of the PFOA adsorption isotherm indicates a two-step adsorption mechanism attributed to the strong affinity of PFOA molecules for the sPS surface and molecular aggregation at solid-liquid interfaces or within the pores of the sPS wet gel. The adsorption kinetics and the effects of sPS wet gel porosity, pore size, and pore volume on the removal efficiency are reported. The adsorption kinetics is seen to be strongly dependent on pore size and pore volume.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pratik S Gotad
- School of Polymer Science and Polymer Engineering, The University of Akron, Akron, Ohio 44325, United States
| | - Calum Bochenek
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Akron, Akron, Ohio 44304, United States
| | - Chrys Wesdemiotis
- School of Polymer Science and Polymer Engineering, The University of Akron, Akron, Ohio 44325, United States
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Akron, Akron, Ohio 44304, United States
| | - Sadhan C Jana
- School of Polymer Science and Polymer Engineering, The University of Akron, Akron, Ohio 44325, United States
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Rhakho N, Saxena M, Pradhan NR, H Jadhav A, Altaee A, Samal AK. Transformative Dynamics: Self-Assembly of Iron Oxide Hydroxide Nanorods into Iron Oxide Microcubes for Enhanced Perfluoroalkyl Substance Remediation. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2024; 40:10184-10194. [PMID: 38699923 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.4c00472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/05/2024]
Abstract
We report the controlled synthesis of iron oxide microcubes (IOMCs) through the self-assembly arrays of ferric oxide hydroxide nanorods (NRs). The formation of IOMCs involves a complex interplay of nucleation, self-assembly, and growth mechanisms influenced by time, thermal treatment, and surfactant dynamics. The self-assembly of vertically aligned NRs into IOMCs is controlled by dynamic magnetism properties and capping agents like cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB), whose concentration and temperature modulation dictate growth kinetics and structural uniformity. These controlled structural growths were obtained via a hydrothermal process at 120 °C at various intervals of 8, 16, 24, and 32 h in the presence of CTAB as the capping agent. In this hydrothermal method, the formation of vertically oriented NR arrays was observed without the presence of ligands, binders, harsh drying techniques, and solvent evaporation. The formation of the self-assembly of NRs to IOMCs is obtained with an increase in saturated magnetization to attain the most stable state. The synthesized IOMCs have a uniform size, quasi-shape, and excellent dispersion. Due to its excellent magnetic and catalytic properties, IOMCs were employed to remove the various emerging pollutants known as per- and polyfluorinated substances (PFAS). Various microscopic and spectroscopic techniques were employed for the characterization and interaction studies of IOMCs with various PFAS. The interaction between IOMCs and perfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) was investigated, revealing strong adsorption tendencies facilitated by electrostatic interactions, as evidenced by UV-vis and FT-IR spectroscopic studies. Furthermore, the higher magnetic and positive surface charge of IOMCs is responsible for an effective remediation eliminating any secondary pollution with ease of recovery after the sorption interaction studies, thereby making it practically worthwhile.
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Affiliation(s)
- Novuhulu Rhakho
- Centre for Nano and Material Science, JAIN (Deemed-to-be University), Jain Global Campus, Bangalore 562112, India
| | - Manav Saxena
- Centre for Nano and Material Science, JAIN (Deemed-to-be University), Jain Global Campus, Bangalore 562112, India
| | - Nihar R Pradhan
- Department of Chemistry, Physics and Atmospheric Sciences, Jackson State University, 1400 John R. Lynch Street, Jackson, Mississippi 39217, United States
| | - Arvind H Jadhav
- Centre for Nano and Material Science, JAIN (Deemed-to-be University), Jain Global Campus, Bangalore 562112, India
| | - Ali Altaee
- Centre for Green Technology, School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Technology Sydney, 15 Broadway, Sydney, NSW 2007, Australia
| | - Akshaya K Samal
- Centre for Nano and Material Science, JAIN (Deemed-to-be University), Jain Global Campus, Bangalore 562112, India
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Ali MA, Thapa U, Antle J, Tanim EUH, Aguilar JM, Bradley IM, Aga DS, Aich N. Influence of water chemistry and operating parameters on PFOS/PFOA removal using rGO-nZVI nanohybrid. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2024; 469:133912. [PMID: 38447366 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2024.133912] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2024] [Revised: 02/20/2024] [Accepted: 02/26/2024] [Indexed: 03/08/2024]
Abstract
Graphene and zero-valent-iron based nanohybrid (rGO-nZVI NH) with oxidant H2O2 can remove perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) and perfluorooctane sulfonic acid (PFOS) through adsorption-degradation in a controlled aquatic environment. In this study, we evaluated how and to what extent different environmental and operational parameters, such as initial PFAS concentration, H2O2 dose, pH, ionic strength, and natural organic matter (NOM), influenced the removal of PFOS and PFOA by rGO-nZVI. With the increase in initial PFAS concentration (from 0.4 to 50 ppm), pH (3 to 9), ionic strength (0 to 100 mM), and NOM (0 to 10 ppm), PFOS removal reduced by 20%, 30%, 2%, and 6%, respectively, while PFOA removal reduced by 54%, 76%, 11%, and 33% respectively. In contrast, PFOS and PFOA removal increased by 10% and 41%, respectively, with the increase in H2O2 (from 0 to 1 mM). Overall, the effect of changes in environmental and operational parameters was more pronounced for PFOA than PFOS. Mechanistically, •OH radical generation and availability showed a profound effect on PFOA removal. Also, the electrostatic interaction between rGO-nZVI NH and deprotonated PFAS compounds was another key factor for removal. Most importantly, our study confirms that rGO-nZVI in the presence of H2O2 can degrade both PFOS and PFOA to some extent by identifying the important by-products such as acetate, formate, and fluoride.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md Arafat Ali
- Department of Civil, Structural and Environmental Engineering, University at Buffalo, The State University of New York, Buffalo, NY 14260, United States
| | - Utsav Thapa
- Department of Chemistry, University at Buffalo, The State University of New York, Buffalo, NY 14260, United States
| | - Jonathan Antle
- Department of Chemistry, University at Buffalo, The State University of New York, Buffalo, NY 14260, United States
| | - Ehsan Ul Hoque Tanim
- Department of Civil, Structural and Environmental Engineering, University at Buffalo, The State University of New York, Buffalo, NY 14260, United States
| | - John Michael Aguilar
- Department of Chemistry, University at Buffalo, The State University of New York, Buffalo, NY 14260, United States
| | - Ian M Bradley
- Department of Civil, Structural and Environmental Engineering, University at Buffalo, The State University of New York, Buffalo, NY 14260, United States
| | - Diana S Aga
- Department of Chemistry, University at Buffalo, The State University of New York, Buffalo, NY 14260, United States.
| | - Nirupam Aich
- Department of Civil, Structural and Environmental Engineering, University at Buffalo, The State University of New York, Buffalo, NY 14260, United States; Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE 68588, United States.
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Li B, Li W, Zuo Q, Yin W, Li P, Wu J. Enhanced Cr(VI) elimination from water by goethite-impregnated activated carbon coupled with weak electric field. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2024; 248:118253. [PMID: 38278507 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2024.118253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2023] [Revised: 11/08/2023] [Accepted: 12/03/2023] [Indexed: 01/28/2024]
Abstract
A weak electric field (WEF, 2 mA cm-2) was employed to promote Fe(III)/Fe(II) cycle on goethite-impregnated activated carbon (FeOOH@AC) filled in a continuous-flow column for enhanced Cr(VI) elimination from water. Surficial analysis and Cr species distribution showed that α-FeOOH of 0.2-1 μm was successfully synthesized and evenly loaded onto AC. Electron transfer from WEF to α-FeOOH was facilitated with AC as electron shuttles, thereby boosting Fe(III) reduction in the α-FeOOH. The generated Fe(II) reduced Cr(VI) and the resultant Cr(III) subsequently precipitated with OH- and Fe(III) to form Cr(OH)3 and (CrχFe1-χ)(OH)3. Therefore, the WEF-FeOOH@AC column exhibited a much lower Cr(VI) migration rate of 0.0018 cm PV-1 in comparison with 0.0037 cm PV-1 of the FeOOH@AC column, equal to 104 % higher Cr(VI) elimination capacity and 90 % longer column service life-span. Additionally, under different Cr(VI) loadings by varying either seepage velocities or influent Cr(VI) concentrations, the WEF-FeOOH@AC column maintained 1.0-1.5 folds higher Cr(VI) elimination and 0.9-1.4 folds longer longevity than those of the FeOOH@AC column owing to the interaction between FeOOH@AC and WEF. Our research demonstrated that WEF-FeOOH@AC was a potential method to promote Cr(VI) elimination from water and offer an effective strategy to facilitate Fe(III)/Fe(II) cycle in iron oxides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bing Li
- School of Environment and Energy, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Weiquan Li
- School of Environment and Energy, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Qian Zuo
- School of Environment and Energy, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Weizhao Yin
- School of Environment, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China
| | - Ping Li
- School of Environment and Energy, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Jinhua Wu
- School of Environment and Energy, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, China; The Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Ecosystem Restoration in Industry Clusters, Ministry of Education, Guangzhou, 510006, China; The Key Laboratory of Environmental Protection and Eco-Remediation of Guangdong Regular Higher Education Institutions, Guangzhou, 510006, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Solid Wastes Pollution Control and Recycling, Guangzhou, 510006, China.
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Zhang X, Wang S, Zhu X, Zhu D, Wang W, Wang B, Deng S, Yu G. Efficient removal of per/polyfluoroalkyl substances from water using recyclable chitosan-coated covalent organic frameworks: Experimental and theoretical methods. CHEMOSPHERE 2024; 356:141942. [PMID: 38588893 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2024.141942] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2024] [Revised: 03/08/2024] [Accepted: 04/06/2024] [Indexed: 04/10/2024]
Abstract
Covalent organic frameworks (COFs) demonstrate remarkable potential for adsorbing per/polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS). Nevertheless, the challenge of recycling powdered COFs hampers their practical application in water treatment. In this research, a quaternary amine COF with inherent positive surface charge was synthesised to adsorb perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) via electrostatic interactions. The COF was then combined with chitosan (CS) through a simple dissolution-evaporation process, resulting in a composite gel material termed COF@CS. The findings indicated that the adsorption capacity of COF@CS significantly surpassed that of the original COF and CS. According to the Langmuir model, COF@CS achieved a maximum PFOA capacity of 2.8 mmol g-1 at pH 5. Furthermore, the adsorption rate increased significantly to 6.2 mmol g-1 h-1, compared to 5.9 mmol g-1 h-1 for COF and 3.4 mmol g-1 h-1 for CS. Notably, COF@CS exhibited excellent removal efficacy for ten other types of PFAS. Moreover, COF@CS could be successfully regenerated using a mixture of 70% ethanol and 1 wt% NaCl, and it exhibited stable reusability for up to five cycles. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) characterisation, and theoretical calculations revealed that the quaternary amine functional group in COF served as the primary adsorption site in the composite gel material, while the protonated amino group on CS enhanced PFOA adsorption through electrostatic interaction. This study highlights the significant practical potential of COF@CS in the removal of PFAS from aqueous solution and environmental remediation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue Zhang
- School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China; State Key Laboratory of Plateau Ecology and Agriculture, Qinghai University, Xi'ning, Qinghai Province, 810016, China
| | - Shiyi Wang
- School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China; State Key Laboratory of Plateau Ecology and Agriculture, Qinghai University, Xi'ning, Qinghai Province, 810016, China
| | - Xingyi Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Plateau Ecology and Agriculture, Qinghai University, Xi'ning, Qinghai Province, 810016, China
| | - Donghai Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Plateau Ecology and Agriculture, Qinghai University, Xi'ning, Qinghai Province, 810016, China
| | - Wei Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Plateau Ecology and Agriculture, Qinghai University, Xi'ning, Qinghai Province, 810016, China
| | - Bin Wang
- School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Shubo Deng
- School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Gang Yu
- School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China; Advanced Interdisciplinary Institute of Environment and Ecology, Beijing Normal University, Zhuhai, Guangdong Province, 519085, China.
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10
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Hamid H, Nicomel NR, Mohamed BA, Abida O, Li LY. Adsorption and leaching of fluorotelomer compounds and perfluoroalkyl acids in aqueous media by activated carbon prepared from municipal biosolids. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2024; 358:120839. [PMID: 38599091 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2024.120839] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2023] [Revised: 03/20/2024] [Accepted: 04/02/2024] [Indexed: 04/12/2024]
Abstract
Perfluoroalkyl acids (PFAAs) are ubiquitous in nature and pose serious health risks to humans and animals. Limiting PFAA exposure requires novel technology for their effective removal from water. We investigated the efficacy of biosolid-based activated carbon (Bio-SBAC) in removing frequently detected PFAAs and their precursor fluorotelomer compounds at environmentally relevant concentrations (∼50 μg/L). Batch experiments were performed to investigate adsorption kinetics, isotherms, and leachability. Bio-SBAC achieved >95% removal of fluorotelomeric compounds, indicating that the need for PFAA removal from the environment could be minimised if the precursors were targeted. Kinetic data modelling suggested that chemisorption is the dominant PFAA adsorption mechanism. As evidenced by the isotherm modelling results, Freundlich adsorption intensity, n-1, values of <1 (0.707-0.938) indicate chemisorption. Bio-SBAC showed maximum capacities for the adsorption of perfluorooctanoic acid (1429 μg/g) and perfluorononanoic acid (1111 μg/g). Batch desorption tests with 100 mg/L humic acid and 10 g/L NaCl showed that Bio-SBAC effectively retained the adsorbed PFAA with little or no leaching, except perfluorobutanoic acid. Overall, this study revealed that Bio-SBAC is a value-added material with promising characteristics for PFAA adsorption and no leachability. Additionally, it can be incorporated into biofilters to remove PFAAs from stormwater, presenting a sustainable approach to minimise biosolid disposal and improve the quality of wastewater before discharge into receiving waters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanna Hamid
- Department of Civil Engineering, University of British Columbia, 6250 Applied Science Lane, Vancouver, BC, V6T 1Z4, Canada
| | - Nina Ricci Nicomel
- Department of Civil Engineering, University of British Columbia, 6250 Applied Science Lane, Vancouver, BC, V6T 1Z4, Canada
| | - Badr A Mohamed
- Department of Civil Engineering, University of British Columbia, 6250 Applied Science Lane, Vancouver, BC, V6T 1Z4, Canada; Department of Agricultural Engineering, Cairo University, El-Gamma Street, Giza, 12613, Egypt
| | - Otman Abida
- African Sustainable Agriculture Research Institute (ASARI), Mohammed VI Polytechnic University (UM6P), Laâyoune 70000, Morocco
| | - Loretta Y Li
- Department of Civil Engineering, University of British Columbia, 6250 Applied Science Lane, Vancouver, BC, V6T 1Z4, Canada.
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11
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Shan Y, Hao H, Yin Y, Hu N, Zhan M, Ma D, Yin Y, Jiao W, Wick LY. Effects of Temperature and DC Electric Fields on Perfluorooctanoic Acid Sorption Kinetics to Activated Carbon. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2024; 58:5987-5995. [PMID: 38504492 PMCID: PMC10993889 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.3c10590] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2023] [Revised: 03/01/2024] [Accepted: 03/04/2024] [Indexed: 03/21/2024]
Abstract
Sorption to activated carbon is a common approach to reducing environmental risks of waterborne perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA), while effective and flexible approaches to PFOA sorption are needed. Variations in temperature or the use of electrokinetic phenomena (electroosmosis and electromigration) in the presence of external DC electric fields have been shown to alter the contaminant sorption of contaminants. Their role in PFOA sorption, however, remains unclear. Here, we investigated the joint effects of DC electric fields and the temperature on the sorption of PFOA on activated carbon. Temperature-dependent batch and column sorption experiments were performed in the presence and absence of DC fields, and the results were evaluated by using different kinetic sorption models. We found an emerging interplay of DC and temperature on PFOA sorption, which was linked via the liquid viscosity (η) of the electrolyte. For instance, the combined presence of a DC field and low temperature increased the PFOA loading up to 38% in 48 h relative to DC-free controls. We further developed a model that allowed us to predict temperature- and DC field strength-dependent electrokinetic benefits on the drivers of PFOA sorption kinetics (i.e., intraparticle diffusivity and the film mass transfer coefficient). Our insights may give rise to future DC- and temperature-driven applications for PFOA sorption, for instance, in response to fluctuating PFOA concentrations in contaminated water streams.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongping Shan
- Research
Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese
Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
| | - Huijuan Hao
- Research
Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese
Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
| | - Yuzhou Yin
- Research
Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese
Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
| | - Naiwen Hu
- Research
Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese
Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
| | - Mingxiu Zhan
- College
of Metrology and Measurement Engineering, China Jiliang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310018, China
| | - Dong Ma
- Research
Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese
Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
| | - Yongguang Yin
- Research
Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese
Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
| | - Wentao Jiao
- Research
Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese
Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
| | - Lukas Y. Wick
- Department
of Environmental Microbiology, Helmholtz
Centre for Environmental Research - UFZ, Leipzig 04318, Germany
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12
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Zhang M, Wang W, Gong T, Wu Y, Chen G. Cutting-edge technologies and relevant reaction mechanism difference in treatment of long- and short-chain per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances: A review. CHEMOSPHERE 2024; 354:141692. [PMID: 38490606 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2024.141692] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2024] [Revised: 03/10/2024] [Accepted: 03/11/2024] [Indexed: 03/17/2024]
Abstract
Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) are emerging contaminants. Compared with short-chain PFAS, long-chain PFAS are more hazardous. Currently, little attention has been paid to the differences in reaction mechanisms between long-chain and short-chain PFAS. This pressing concern has prompted studies about eliminating PFAS and revealing the mechanism difference. The reaction rate and reaction mechanism of each technology was focused on, including (1) adsorption, (2) ion exchange (IX), (3) membrane filtration, (4) advanced oxidation, (5) biotransformation, (6) novel functional material, and (7) other technologies (e.g. ecological remediation, hydrothermal treatment (HT), mechanochemical (MC) technology, micro/nanobubbles enhanced technology, and integrated technologies). The greatest reaction rate k of photocatalysis for long- and short-chain PFAS high up to 63.0 h-1 and 19.7 h-1, respectively. However, adsorption, membrane filtration, and novel functional material remediation were found less suitable or need higher operation demand for treating short-chain PFAS. Ecological remediation is more suitable for treating natural waterbody for its environmentally friendly and fair reaction rate. The other technologies all showed good application potential for both short- and long-chain PFAS, and it was more excellent for long-chain PFAS. The long-chain PFAS can be cleavaged into short-chain PFAS by C-chain broken, -CF2 elimination, nucleophilic substitution of F-, and HF elimination. Furthermore, the application of each type of technology was novelly designed; and suggestions for the future development of PFAS remediation technologies were proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng Zhang
- School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200444, China
| | - Wenbing Wang
- School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200444, China.
| | - Tiantian Gong
- School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200444, China
| | - Yulin Wu
- Shanghai Geotechnical Investigations and Design Institute Engineering Consulting (Group) Co. Ltd., China
| | - Guangyao Chen
- School of Material Science and Engineering, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200444, China
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13
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Tan X, Shi Y, Ma CF, Chi Q, Yang YH, Zhang WX, Xiao HM, Wang X. Fluoro-functionalized plant biomass adsorbent: Preparation and application in extraction of trace perfluorinated compounds from environmental water samples. J Environ Sci (China) 2024; 137:703-715. [PMID: 37980053 DOI: 10.1016/j.jes.2023.03.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2023] [Revised: 03/17/2023] [Accepted: 03/17/2023] [Indexed: 11/20/2023]
Abstract
Perfluorinated compounds (PFCs) are toxic and widely present in the environment, and therefore effective adsorbents are required to remove PFCs from environmental water. In the present study, a new type of fluorinated biomass materials was synthesized via an ingenious fluorosilanization reaction. These adsorbents were applied for the adsorption of 13 typical PFCs, including perfluorocarboxylic acids (PFCAs) and perfluorosulfonic acids (PFSAs). By comparing their adsorption performance, Fluorinated cedar slag (FCS) was discovered to have the best absorption efficiency and enabled highly efficient enrichment of PFCs. The adsorption recovery of FCS with the investigated PFCs is greater than 90% under the optimal adsorption condition. Ascribed to the high affinity of F-F sorbent-sorbate interaction, FCS had good adsorption capacities of PFCs from aqueous solution, with the maximum adsorption capacity of 15.80 mg/g for PFOS and 10.71 mg/g for PFOA, respectively. Moreover, the adsorption time could be achieved in a short time (8 min). Using the FCS absorbent, an innovative FCS-solid phase extraction assisted with high performance liquid chromatography-electrospray-tandem mass spectrometry (FCS-SPE-HPLC-ESI-MS/MS) method was first developed to sensitively detect PFCs in the environmental water samples. The intra-day and inter-day recovery rates of the 13 compounds ranged from 90.7%-104.3%, with the RSD of 2.1%-4.7% (intra-day) and 2.5%-8.5% (inter-day), respectively. This research demonstrates the potential of the newly fluoro-functionalized plant biomass to adsorb PFCs from environmental water, with the advantages of high adsorption efficiencies, high anti-interference, easy operation and low economic cost.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xi Tan
- Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry of the State Ethnic Affairs Commission, School of Chemistry and Materials Science, South-Central Minzu University, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Yan Shi
- Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry of the State Ethnic Affairs Commission, School of Chemistry and Materials Science, South-Central Minzu University, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Chun-Feng Ma
- Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry of the State Ethnic Affairs Commission, School of Chemistry and Materials Science, South-Central Minzu University, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Quan Chi
- Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry of the State Ethnic Affairs Commission, School of Chemistry and Materials Science, South-Central Minzu University, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Yu-Hang Yang
- Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry of the State Ethnic Affairs Commission, School of Chemistry and Materials Science, South-Central Minzu University, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Wen-Xiang Zhang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, South-Central Minzu University, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Hua-Ming Xiao
- Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry of the State Ethnic Affairs Commission, School of Chemistry and Materials Science, South-Central Minzu University, Wuhan 430074, China; Key Laboratory of Oilseeds Processing of Ministry of Agriculture, Hubei Key Laboratory of Lipid Chemistry and Nutrition, Oil Crops Research Institute of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan 430062, China
| | - Xian Wang
- Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry of the State Ethnic Affairs Commission, School of Chemistry and Materials Science, South-Central Minzu University, Wuhan 430074, China.
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14
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Dey D, Shafi T, Chowdhury S, Dubey BK, Sen R. Progress and perspectives on carbon-based materials for adsorptive removal and photocatalytic degradation of perfluoroalkyl and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS). CHEMOSPHERE 2024; 351:141164. [PMID: 38215829 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2024.141164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2023] [Revised: 12/21/2023] [Accepted: 01/08/2024] [Indexed: 01/14/2024]
Abstract
Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) (also known as 'forever chemicals') have emerged as trace pollutants of global concern, attributing to their persistent and bio-accumulative nature, pervasive distribution, and adverse public health and environmental impacts. The unregulated discharge of PFAS into aquatic environments represents a prominent threat to the wellbeing of humans and marine biota, thereby exhorting unprecedented action to tackle PFAS contamination. Indeed, several noteworthy technologies intending to remove PFAS from environmental compartments have been intensively evaluated in recent years. Amongst them, adsorption and photocatalysis demonstrate remarkable ability to eliminate PFAS from different water matrices. In particular, carbon-based materials, because of their diverse structures and many exciting properties, offer bountiful opportunities as both adsorbent and photocatalyst, for the efficient abatement of PFAS. This review, therefore, presents a comprehensive summary of the diverse array of carbonaceous materials, including biochar, activated carbon, carbon nanotubes, and graphene, that can serve as ideal candidates in adsorptive and photocatalytic treatment of PFAS contaminated water. Specifically, the efficacy of carbon-mediated PFAS removal via adsorption and photocatalysis is summarised, together with a cognizance of the factors influencing the treatment efficiency. The review further highlights the neoteric development on the novel innovative approach 'concentrate and degrade' that integrates selective adsorption of trace concentrations of PFAS onto photoactive surface sites, with enhanced catalytic activity. This technique is way more energy efficient than conventional energy-intensive photocatalysis. Finally, the review speculates the cardinal challenges associated with the practical utility of carbon-based materials, including their scalability and economic feasibility, for eliminating exceptionally stable PFAS from water matrices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Debanjali Dey
- Department of Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, West Bengal, 721302, India
| | - Tajamul Shafi
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, West Bengal, 721302, India
| | - Shamik Chowdhury
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, West Bengal, 721302, India.
| | - Brajesh Kumar Dubey
- Department of Civil Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, West Bengal, 721302, India; School of Water Resources, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, West Bengal, 721302, India
| | - Ramkrishna Sen
- Department of Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, West Bengal, 721302, India
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15
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Kang KH, Saifuddin M, Chon K, Bae S, Kim YM. Recent advances in the application of magnetic materials for the management of perfluoroalkyl substances in aqueous phases. CHEMOSPHERE 2024; 352:141522. [PMID: 38401865 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2024.141522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2024] [Revised: 02/12/2024] [Accepted: 02/20/2024] [Indexed: 02/26/2024]
Abstract
Perfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) are a class of artificially synthesised organic compounds extensively used in both industrial and consumer products owing to their unique characteristics. However, their persistence in the environment and potential risk to health have raised serious global concerns. Therefore, developing effective techniques to identify, eliminate, and degrade these pollutants in water are crucial. Owing to their high surface area, magnetic responsiveness, redox sensitivity, and ease of separation, magnetic materials have been considered for the treatment of PFASs from water in recent years. This review provides a comprehensive overview of the recent use of magnetic materials for the detection, removal, and degradation of PFASs in aqueous solutions. First, the use of magnetic materials for sensitive and precise detection of PFASs is addressed. Second, the adsorption of PFASs using magnetic materials is discussed. Several magnetic materials, including iron oxides, ferrites, and magnetic carbon composites, have been explored as efficient adsorbents for PFASs removal from water. Surface modification, functionalization, and composite fabrication have been employed to improve the adsorption effectiveness and selectivity of magnetic materials for PFASs. The final section of this review focuses on the advanced oxidation for PFASs using magnetic materials. This review suggests that magnetic materials have demonstrated considerable potential for use in various environmental remediation applications, as well as in the treatment of PFASs-contaminated water.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyeong Hwan Kang
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Hanyang University, Seongdong-gu, Seoul, 04763, Republic of Korea
| | - Md Saifuddin
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Hanyang University, Seongdong-gu, Seoul, 04763, Republic of Korea
| | - Kangmin Chon
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon-si, Gangwon Province, 24341, Republic of Korea
| | - Sungjun Bae
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Konkuk University, Gwangjin-gu, Seou, 05029, Republic of Korea.
| | - Young Mo Kim
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Hanyang University, Seongdong-gu, Seoul, 04763, Republic of Korea.
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16
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Shih CH, Kim J, Yang SH, Soker O, Strathmann TJ, Chu KH. Remediation of PFAS-impacted soils using magnetic activated carbon (MAC) and hydrothermal alkaline treatment (HALT). THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 912:168931. [PMID: 38042197 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.168931] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2023] [Revised: 11/24/2023] [Accepted: 11/25/2023] [Indexed: 12/04/2023]
Abstract
Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) are a group of synthetic pollutants that are bioaccumulative, toxic, and persistent. One long-term source for PFAS release is PFAS-contaminated soil. Addition of activated carbon (AC) to soil has shown the potential to immobilize PFAS and reduce PFAS bioavailability, but PFAS-loaded spent AC remaining in the treated soil could lead to remobilization. Here we report a novel approach to address this challenge. By applying magnetic activated carbon (MAC) to remediate PFAS-impacted soil, the PFAS-loaded MAC can be retrieved from the treated soil and sorbed PFAS in the spent MAC can be destroyed using hydrothermal alkaline treatment (HALT). Effective MAC recovery was observed when water/soil ratios (w/w) were either <0.07 or > 1. Soil organic content and pH affected PFAS adsorption by the MAC added to soil. After three months of incubation with MAC, high PFAS removals [PFOS (87.6 %), PFOA (83.8 %), and 6:2 FTSA (81.5 %)] were observed for acidic environmental sandy soils with low organic content. In contrast, PFAS removal by MAC was poor for garden soils with high organic matter content. MAC was also used to remediate aqueous film-forming foam (AFFF)-impacted and PFAS-contaminated aged soils with varying PFAS removal performance. HALT technology was able to destroy and defluorinate PFAS adsorbed to the spent MAC. Additionally, the HALT-treated MAC retained its magnetic properties and PFOS sorption capacity, suggesting the potential reusability of HALT-treated MAC. Considering the low energy footprint of HALT compared to conventional PFAS thermal destruction techniques, the combination of MAC and HALT could be a promising treatment train for PFAS-contaminated soils.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chih-Hsuan Shih
- Zachry Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843-3136, USA
| | - Jinha Kim
- Zachry Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843-3136, USA
| | - Shih-Hung Yang
- Zachry Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843-3136, USA
| | - Ori Soker
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Colorado School of Mines, Golden, CO 80401, USA
| | - Timothy J Strathmann
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Colorado School of Mines, Golden, CO 80401, USA
| | - Kung-Hui Chu
- Zachry Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843-3136, USA.
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17
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Li S, Ma J, Cheng J, Wu G, Wang S, Huang C, Li J, Chen L. Metal-Organic Framework-Based Composites for the Adsorption Removal of Per- and Polyfluoroalkyl Substances from Water. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2024. [PMID: 38301280 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.3c02939] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2024]
Abstract
The increasing health risks posed by per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) in the environment highlight the importance of implementing effective removal techniques. Conventional wastewater treatment processes are inadequate for removing persistent organic pollutants. Recent studies have increasingly demonstrated that metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) are capable of removing PFASs from water through adsorption techniques. However, there is still constructive discussion on the potential of MOFs in adsorbing and removing PFASs for large-scale engineering applications. This review systematically investigates the use of MOFs as adsorbents for the removal of PFAS in water treatment. This primarily involved a comprehensive analysis of existing literature to understand the adsorption mechanisms of MOFs and to identify factors that enhance their efficiency in removing PFASs. We also explore the critical aspects of regeneration and stability of MOFs, assessing their reusability and long-term performance, which are essential for large-scale water treatment applications. Finally, our study highlights the challenges of removing PFASs using MOFs. Especially, the efficient removal of short-chain PFASs with hydrophilicity is a major challenge, while medium- to long-chain PFASs are frequently susceptible to being captured from water by MOFs through multiple synergistic effects. The ion-exchange force may be the key to solving this difficulty, but its susceptibility to ion interference in water needs to be addressed in practical applications. We hope that this review can provide valuable insights into the effective removal and adsorption mechanisms of PFASs as well as advance the sustainable utilization of MOFs in the field of water treatment, thereby presenting a novel perspective.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuang Li
- School of Environmental & Municipal Engineering, Qingdao University of Technology, Qingdao, Shandong 266033, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiping Ma
- School of Environmental & Municipal Engineering, Qingdao University of Technology, Qingdao, Shandong 266033, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiawen Cheng
- School of Environmental & Municipal Engineering, Qingdao University of Technology, Qingdao, Shandong 266033, People's Republic of China
| | - Gege Wu
- School of Environmental & Municipal Engineering, Qingdao University of Technology, Qingdao, Shandong 266033, People's Republic of China
| | - Shasha Wang
- School of Environmental & Municipal Engineering, Qingdao University of Technology, Qingdao, Shandong 266033, People's Republic of China
| | - Chaonan Huang
- School of Environmental & Municipal Engineering, Qingdao University of Technology, Qingdao, Shandong 266033, People's Republic of China
| | - Jinhua Li
- CAS Key Laboratory of Coastal Environmental Processes and Ecological Remediation, Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yantai, Shandong 264003, People's Republic of China
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shaoxing University, Shaoxing, Zhejiang 312000, People's Republic of China
| | - Lingxin Chen
- CAS Key Laboratory of Coastal Environmental Processes and Ecological Remediation, Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yantai, Shandong 264003, People's Republic of China
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shaoxing University, Shaoxing, Zhejiang 312000, People's Republic of China
- School of Pharmacy, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, Shandong 264003, People's Republic of China
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18
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Yu H, Zhang P, Chen H, Yao Y, Zhao L, Zhao M, Zhu L, Sun H. Porous polypyrrole with a vesicle-like structure for efficient removal of per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances from water: Crucial role of porosity and morphology. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2024; 462:132748. [PMID: 37839383 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2023.132748] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2023] [Revised: 09/29/2023] [Accepted: 10/07/2023] [Indexed: 10/17/2023]
Abstract
Herein, a vesicle-like and porous polypyrrole (pPPy) was fabricated by in suit self-template method to efficiently capture per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) and the important role of porosity and morphology in PFAS removal was explored. Compared to solid PPy (sPPy), the porosity and vesicle-like morphology of pPPy endowed it with excellent properties such as large specific surface area (108.9 m2/g vs. 22.3 m2/g), suitable pore sizes (17.4 nm), dispersity, and high hydrophilicity, which facilitated mass transfer and enhanced PFAS sorption performance. The estimated sorption capacities of pPPy for perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) and perfluorooctanesulfonate (PFOS) were 509 mg/g and 532 mg/g, respectively, which were ∼2 times higher than sPPy. Furthermore, pPPy demonstrated PFAS removal of ≥ 90% across a wide pH range (3-9) and varying humic acid concentrations (0-50 mg/L). In actual water matrices, pPPy efficiently removed 12 short-chain (C-F number: 3-6) and long-chain PFASs (>90% removal for major PFASs), outperforming sPPy by ∼1.2-2.5 times. Notably, the enlarged porosity and regular morphology of pPPy significantly enhanced the removal of short-chain PFASs by ∼2 times. The spent pPPy could be regenerated and reused over 5 times. This research provides valuable insights for designing efficient PFAS sorbents by emphasizing control over porosity and morphology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Yu
- MOE Key Laboratory of Pollution Processes and Environmental Criteria, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin 300350, China
| | - Peng Zhang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Pollution Processes and Environmental Criteria, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin 300350, China
| | - Hao Chen
- MOE Key Laboratory of Pollution Processes and Environmental Criteria, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin 300350, China
| | - Yiming Yao
- MOE Key Laboratory of Pollution Processes and Environmental Criteria, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin 300350, China
| | - Leicheng Zhao
- MOE Key Laboratory of Pollution Processes and Environmental Criteria, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin 300350, China
| | - Maoshen Zhao
- MOE Key Laboratory of Pollution Processes and Environmental Criteria, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin 300350, China
| | - Lingyan Zhu
- MOE Key Laboratory of Pollution Processes and Environmental Criteria, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin 300350, China
| | - Hongwen Sun
- MOE Key Laboratory of Pollution Processes and Environmental Criteria, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin 300350, China.
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19
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Vatankhah H, Anderson RH, Ghosh R, Willey J, Leeson A. A review of innovative approaches for onsite management of PFAS-impacted investigation derived waste. WATER RESEARCH 2023; 247:120769. [PMID: 37931356 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2023.120769] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2023] [Revised: 10/19/2023] [Accepted: 10/20/2023] [Indexed: 11/08/2023]
Abstract
The historic use of aqueous film-forming foam (AFFF) has led to widespread detection of per- and polyfluoroalkyl substance (PFAS) in groundwater, soils, sediments, drinking water, wastewater, and receiving aquatic systems throughout the United States (U.S.). Prior to any remediation activities, in order to identify the PFAS-impacted source zones and select the optimum management approach, extensive site investigations need to be conducted. These site investigations have resulted in the generation of considerable amount of investigation-derived waste (IDW) which predominantly consists of well purging water and drill fluid, equipment washing residue, soil, drill cuttings, and residues from the destruction of asphalt and concrete surfaces. IDW is often impacted by varying levels of PFAS which poses a substantial challenge concerning disposal to prevent potential mobilization of PFAS, logistical complexities, and increasing requirement for storage as a result of accumulation of the associated wastes. The distinct features of IDW involve the intermittent generation of waste, substantial volume of waste produced, and the critical demand for onsite management. This article critically focuses on innovative technologies and approaches employed for onsite treatment and management of PFAS-impacted IDW. The overall objective of this study centers on developing and deploying end-of-life treatment technology systems capable of facilitating unrestricted disposal, discharge, and/or IDW reuse on-site, thereby reducing spatial footprints and mobilization time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hooman Vatankhah
- Strategic Environmental Research and Development Program and the Environmental Security Technology Certification Program, Arlington, VA, USA; Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education, Oak Ridge, TN, USA; Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Colorado School of Mines, Golden, CO, USA.
| | | | | | | | - Andrea Leeson
- Strategic Environmental Research and Development Program and the Environmental Security Technology Certification Program, Arlington, VA, USA
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20
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Lewis R, Huang CH, White JC, Haynes CL. Using 19F NMR to Investigate Cationic Carbon Dot Association with Per- and Polyfluoroalkyl Substances (PFAS). ACS NANOSCIENCE AU 2023; 3:408-417. [PMID: 37868224 PMCID: PMC10588439 DOI: 10.1021/acsnanoscienceau.3c00022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2023] [Revised: 08/04/2023] [Accepted: 08/04/2023] [Indexed: 10/24/2023]
Abstract
There is much concern about per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) based on their environmental persistence and toxicity, resulting in an urgent need for remediation technologies. This study focused on determining if nanoscale polymeric carbon dots are a viable sorbent material for PFAS and developing fluorine nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (19F NMR) methods to probe interactions between carbon dots and PFAS at the molecular scale. Positively charged carbon dots (PEI-CDs) were synthesized using branched polyethyleneimine to target anionic PFAS by promoting electrostatic interactions. PEI-CDs were exposed to perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) to assess their potential as a PFAS sorbent material. After exposure to PFOA, the average size of the PEI-CDs increased (1.6 ± 0.5 to 7.8 ± 1.8 nm) and the surface charge decreased (+38.6 ± 1.1 to +26.4 ± 0.8 mV), both of which are consistent with contaminant sorption. 19F NMR methods were developed to gain further insight into PEI-CD affinity toward PFAS without any complex sample preparation. Changes in PFOA peak intensity and chemical shift were monitored at various PEI-CD concentrations to establish binding curves and determine the chemical exchange regime. 19F NMR spectral analysis indicates slow-intermediate chemical exchange between PFOA and CDs, demonstrating a high-affinity interaction. The α-fluorine had the greatest change in chemical shift and highest affinity, suggesting electrostatic interactions are the dominant sorption mechanism. PEI-CDs demonstrated affinity for a wide range of analytes when exposed to a mixture of 24-PFAS, with a slight preference toward perfluoroalkyl sulfonates. Overall, this study shows that PEI-CDs are an effective PFAS sorbent material and establishes 19F NMR as a suitable method to screen for novel sorbent materials and elucidate interaction mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Riley
E. Lewis
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Minnesota-Twin
Cities, 207 Pleasant Street SE, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
| | - Cheng-Hsin Huang
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Minnesota-Twin
Cities, 207 Pleasant Street SE, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
| | - Jason C. White
- The
Connecticut Agricultural Experiment Station, The Connecticut Agricultural Experiment Station, 123 Huntington Street, New Haven, Connecticut 06511, United States
| | - Christy L. Haynes
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Minnesota-Twin
Cities, 207 Pleasant Street SE, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
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21
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Mu H, Ding X, Zhu X, Wang L, Zhang Y, Zhao C. Effects of different types of granular activated carbon on methanogenesis of carbohydrate-rich food waste: Performance, microbial communities and optimization. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 895:165173. [PMID: 37385489 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.165173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2023] [Revised: 06/25/2023] [Accepted: 06/25/2023] [Indexed: 07/01/2023]
Abstract
Granular activated carbon (GAC) supplementation is an efficient method for enhancing methane production during the anaerobic digestion of food waste, but it remains unclear which type of GAC is optimal and what potential mechanisms are involved with different types of GAC, particularly for the methanogenic system of carbohydrate-rich food waste. This study selected three commercial GAC (GAC#1, GAC#2, GAC#3) with very distinct physical and chemical properties, and investigated their impacts on the methanogenesis of carbohydrate-rich food waste with an inoculation/substrate ratio of 1. Results indicated that Fe-doped GAC#3 had a lower specific surface area but higher conductivity, yet exhibited superior performance in facilitating methanogenesis compared with GAC#1 and GAC#2, which possessed larger specific surface areas. The addition of 10 g/L GAC#3 enhanced the methane yield by 10-folds through regulating pH levels, alleviating volatile fatty acids-induced stress, enhancing key enzymatic activity, as well as enriching direct interspecies electron transfer-mediated syntrophic partner of Syntrophomonas with Methanosarcina. Furthermore, GAC#1, which had the largest specific surface area but exhibited the poorest performance, was chemically modified to enhance its ability in promoting methanogenesis. The resulting material, named MGAC#1 (Fe3O4-loaded GAC#1), exhibited superior electro-conductivity and high methane production efficiency. The methane yield of 588 mL/g-VS showed a remarkable increase of 468 % compared with GAC#1, and a modest increase of 13 % compared with GAC#3, surpassing most values reported in literature. These findings suggested that the Fe3O4-loaded GAC with lager specific surface area, was the optimal choice for the methanogenesis of sole readily acidogenic waste, providing valuable insights for the preparation of superior-quality GAC for application in biogas industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Mu
- School of Water Conservancy and Environment, University of Jinan, Jinan 250022, China.
| | - Xiaofan Ding
- School of Water Conservancy and Environment, University of Jinan, Jinan 250022, China
| | - Xiaoyu Zhu
- Environmental Microbiology Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu 610041, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100864, China
| | - Liguo Wang
- School of Water Conservancy and Environment, University of Jinan, Jinan 250022, China
| | - Yongfang Zhang
- School of Water Conservancy and Environment, University of Jinan, Jinan 250022, China
| | - Chunhui Zhao
- School of Water Conservancy and Environment, University of Jinan, Jinan 250022, China.
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22
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Zhang C, Dong J, Zhang P, Sun L, Yang L, Wang W, Zou X, Chen Y, Shang Q, Feng D, Zhu G. Unique fluorophilic pores engineering within porous aromatic frameworks for trace perfluorooctanoic acid removal. Natl Sci Rev 2023; 10:nwad191. [PMID: 37671322 PMCID: PMC10476896 DOI: 10.1093/nsr/nwad191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2023] [Revised: 06/26/2023] [Accepted: 06/30/2023] [Indexed: 09/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA), a representative of per/polyfluorinated alkyl substances, has become a persistent water pollutant of widespread concern due to its biological toxicity and refractory property. In this work, we design and synthesize two porous aromatic frameworks (PAF) of PAF-CF3 and PAF-C2F5 using fluorine-containing alkyl based monomers in tetrahedral geometry. Both PAFs exhibit nanosized pores (∼1.0 nm) of high surface areas (over 800 m2 g-1) and good fluorophilicity. Remarkable adsorption capacity (˃740 mg g-1) and superior efficiency (˃24 g mg-1 h-1) are achieved toward the removal of PFOA with 1 μg L-1 concentration owing to unique C-F···F-C interactions. In particular, PAF-CF3 and PAF-C2F5 are able to reduce the PFOA concentration in water to 37.9 ng L-1 and 43.3 ng L-1, below EPA regulations (70 ng L-1). The reusability and high efficiency give both PAFs a great potential for sewage treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chi Zhang
- Faculty of Chemistry, Northeast Normal University, Changchun130024, China
| | - Junchao Dong
- Faculty of Chemistry, Northeast Normal University, Changchun130024, China
| | - Panpan Zhang
- Faculty of Chemistry, Northeast Normal University, Changchun130024, China
| | - Lei Sun
- Institute of Molecular Sciences and Engineering, Institute of Frontier and Interdisciplinary Science, Shandong University, Qingdao266237, China
| | - Liu Yang
- Faculty of Chemistry, Northeast Normal University, Changchun130024, China
| | - Wenjian Wang
- Faculty of Chemistry, Northeast Normal University, Changchun130024, China
| | - Xiaoqin Zou
- Faculty of Chemistry, Northeast Normal University, Changchun130024, China
| | - Yunning Chen
- Faculty of Chemistry, Northeast Normal University, Changchun130024, China
| | - Qingkun Shang
- Faculty of Chemistry, Northeast Normal University, Changchun130024, China
| | - Danyang Feng
- Faculty of Chemistry, Northeast Normal University, Changchun130024, China
| | - Guangshan Zhu
- Faculty of Chemistry, Northeast Normal University, Changchun130024, China
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23
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Sahara T, Wongsawaeng D, Ngaosuwan K, Kiatkittipong W, Hosemann P, Assabumrungrat S. Highly effective removal of perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) in water with DBD-plasma-enhanced rice husks. Sci Rep 2023; 13:13210. [PMID: 37580377 PMCID: PMC10425357 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-40197-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2023] [Accepted: 08/06/2023] [Indexed: 08/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Adsorption is regarded as an efficient method to eliminate per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances from an aqueous solution. In the present investigation, an adsorbent based on rice husks (RHs) was successfully prepared by phosphoric acid (PA) activation and dielectric barrier discharge (DBD) plasma treatment, and it was used to adsorb perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) from water. The electrodes employed in the experiment were planar type. This research investigated RH surface properties and adsorption capacity before and after modification using DBD plasma. The results revealed that the He-O2 plasma modification introduced oxygen-containing functional groups and increased the PFOA removal efficiency. Increasing the oxygen content and total gas flow rate to 30 vol.% and 1.5 L/min, respectively, with 10 min of RH plasma treatment time at 100 W plasma discharge power enhanced the PFOA removal efficiency to 92.0%, while non-treated RH showed the removal efficiency of only 46.4%. The removal efficiency of the solution increased to 96.7% upon adjusting the pH to 4. The adsorption equilibrium isotherms fitted the Langmuir model, and the adsorption kinetic followed the pseudo-second-order model. The maximum adsorption capacity was 565 mg/g when the Langmuir isotherm model was applied.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thera Sahara
- Research Unit on Plasma Technology for High-Performance Materials Development, Department of Nuclear Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Chulalongkorn University, 254 Phayathai Road, Pathumwan, 10330, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Doonyapong Wongsawaeng
- Research Unit on Plasma Technology for High-Performance Materials Development, Department of Nuclear Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Chulalongkorn University, 254 Phayathai Road, Pathumwan, 10330, Bangkok, Thailand.
| | - Kanokwan Ngaosuwan
- Division of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Rajamangala University of Technology Krungthep, Bangkok, 10120, Thailand
| | - Worapon Kiatkittipong
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Industrial Technology, Silpakorn University, Nakhon Pathom, 73000, Thailand
| | - Peter Hosemann
- Department of Nuclear Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, 94720, USA
| | - Suttichai Assabumrungrat
- Center of Excellence in Catalysis and Catalytic Reaction Engineering, Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand
- Bio-Circular-Green-Economy Technology & Engineering Center (BCGeTEC), Faculty of Engineering, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand
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24
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Mojiri A, Zhou JL, Ozaki N, KarimiDermani B, Razmi E, Kasmuri N. Occurrence of per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances in aquatic environments and their removal by advanced oxidation processes. CHEMOSPHERE 2023; 330:138666. [PMID: 37068615 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2023.138666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2023] [Revised: 03/15/2023] [Accepted: 04/10/2023] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS), one of the main categories of emerging contaminants, are a family of fluorinated organic compounds of anthropogenic origin. PFAS can endanger the environment and human health because of their wide application in industries, long-term persistence, unique properties, and bioaccumulation potential. This study sought to explain the accumulation of different PFAS in water bodies. In aquatic environments, PFAS concentrations range extensively from <0.03 (groundwater; Melbourne, Australia) to 51,000 ng/L (Groundwater, Sweden). Additionally, bioaccumulation of PFAS in fish and water biota has been stated to range from 0.2 (Burbot, Lake Vättern, Sweden) to 13,900 ng/g (Bluegill samples, U.S.). Recently, studies have focused on PFAS removal from aqueous solutions; one promising technique is advanced oxidation processes (AOPs), including microwaves, ultrasound, ozonation, photocatalysis, UV, electrochemical oxidation, the Fenton process, and hydrogen peroxide-based and sulfate radical-based systems. The removal efficiency of PFAS ranges from 3% (for MW) to 100% for UV/sulfate radical as a hybrid reactor. Therefore, a hybrid reactor can be used to efficiently degrade and remove PFAS. Developing novel, efficient, cost-effective, and sustainable AOPs for PFAS degradation in water treatment systems is a critical area of research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amin Mojiri
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Graduate School of Advanced Science and Engineering, Hiroshima University, 1-4-1 Kagamiyama, Higashihiroshima, 739-8527, Hiroshima, Japan.
| | - John L Zhou
- School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2007, Australia
| | - Noriatsu Ozaki
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Graduate School of Advanced Science and Engineering, Hiroshima University, 1-4-1 Kagamiyama, Higashihiroshima, 739-8527, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Bahareh KarimiDermani
- Department of Geological Sciences, Hydrogeology, University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, AL, 35487, USA
| | - Elham Razmi
- Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Public Health, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Norhafezah Kasmuri
- School of Civil Engineering, College of Engineering, Universiti Teknologi MARA (UiTM), Shah Alam, 40450, Selangor, Malaysia
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25
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Lei X, Lian Q, Zhang X, Karsili TK, Holmes W, Chen Y, Zappi ME, Gang DD. A review of PFAS adsorption from aqueous solutions: Current approaches, engineering applications, challenges, and opportunities. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2023; 321:121138. [PMID: 36702432 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2023.121138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2022] [Revised: 01/17/2023] [Accepted: 01/21/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) have drawn great attention due to their wide distribution in water bodies and toxicity to human beings. Adsorption is considered as an efficient treatment technique for meeting the increasingly stringent environmental and health standards for PFAS. This paper systematically reviewed the current approaches of PFAS adsorption using different adsorbents from drinking water as well as synthetic and real wastewater. Adsorbents with large mesopores and high specific surface area adsorb PFAS faster, their adsorption capacities are higher, and the adsorption process are usually more effective under low pH conditions. PFAS adsorption mechanisms mainly include electrostatic attraction, hydrophobic interaction, anion exchange, and ligand exchange. Various adsorbents show promising performances but challenges such as requirements of organic solvents in regeneration, low adsorption selectivity, and complicated adsorbent preparations should be addressed before large scale implementation. Moreover, the aid of decision-making tools including response surface methodology (RSM), techno-economic assessment (TEA), life cycle assessment (LCA), and multi criteria decision analysis (MCDA) were discussed for engineering applications. The use of these tools is highly recommended prior to scale-up to determine if the specific adsorption process is economically feasible and sustainable. This critical review presented insights into the most fundamental aspects of PFAS adsorption that would be helpful to the development of effective adsorbents for the removal of PFAS in future studies and provide opportunities for large-scale engineering applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaobo Lei
- Department of Civil Engineering, University of Louisiana at Lafayette, Lafayette, LA 70504, USA; Center for Environmental Technology, The Energy Institute of Louisiana, University of Louisiana at Lafayette, P. O. Box 43597, Lafayette, LA, 70504, USA
| | - Qiyu Lian
- Department of Civil Engineering, University of Louisiana at Lafayette, Lafayette, LA 70504, USA; Center for Environmental Technology, The Energy Institute of Louisiana, University of Louisiana at Lafayette, P. O. Box 43597, Lafayette, LA, 70504, USA
| | - Xu Zhang
- Department of Civil Engineering, University of Louisiana at Lafayette, Lafayette, LA 70504, USA; Beijing International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Water Pollution Control Techniques for Antibiotics and Resistance Genes, School of Civil Engineering, Beijing Jiaotong University, 3 Shangyuancun, Beijing 100044, PR China
| | - Tolga K Karsili
- Department of Chemistry, University of Louisiana at Lafayette, Lafayette, LA 70504, USA
| | - William Holmes
- Center for Environmental Technology, The Energy Institute of Louisiana, University of Louisiana at Lafayette, P. O. Box 43597, Lafayette, LA, 70504, USA; Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Louisiana at Lafayette, Lafayette, LA 70504, USA
| | - Yushun Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, Hubei, 430072, PR China
| | - Mark E Zappi
- Center for Environmental Technology, The Energy Institute of Louisiana, University of Louisiana at Lafayette, P. O. Box 43597, Lafayette, LA, 70504, USA; Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Louisiana at Lafayette, Lafayette, LA 70504, USA
| | - Daniel Dianchen Gang
- Department of Civil Engineering, University of Louisiana at Lafayette, Lafayette, LA 70504, USA; Center for Environmental Technology, The Energy Institute of Louisiana, University of Louisiana at Lafayette, P. O. Box 43597, Lafayette, LA, 70504, USA.
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26
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He E, Liu N, Zhou Y, Wang Z, Lu X, Yu L. Adsorption properties and mechanism of zinc acrylic carbon nanosphere aggregates for perfluorooctanoic acid from aqueous solution. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2023; 316:120540. [PMID: 36370977 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2022.120540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2022] [Revised: 10/19/2022] [Accepted: 10/27/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
This study found that the cross-linkable zinc acrylic nanosphere aggregates (NAs) as precursors were successfully prepared by a simple one-step synthesis route, and Zn,O dopped-carbon nanocomposites were obtained through temperature-controllable engineering, which showed excellent adsorption capacities for perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA). A series of experiments were performed to investigate and compare carbon materials for the efficient removal of PFOA. The maximum adsorption capacities of PFOA absorbed on carbon nanospheres aggregates (CNAs) were calculated by the Langmuir (360.98 mg/g) and Sips models (309.65 mg/g). The kinetic model indicated there was chemical adsorption and physical adsorption in the adsorption process. Van der Waals force and electrostatic interactions might be the dominant mechanism of the adsorption process. Additionally, pore-filling also played a role in the adsorption process. Furthermore, the adsorption efficiency was still above 90% after five cycles. The selective adsorption ability was tested through various pollutants (metal ions and dye solutions) absorbed by the CNAs. Our results proved that carbon nanosphere aggregates (CNAs) are expected to be outstanding adsorption materials for the decontamination of PFOA from wastewater.
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Affiliation(s)
- Enhui He
- Key Laboratory of Marine Chemistry Theory and Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266100, PR China
| | - Ning Liu
- Key Laboratory of Marine Chemistry Theory and Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266100, PR China
| | - Yu Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Marine Chemistry Theory and Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266100, PR China
| | - Zheng Wang
- Key Laboratory of Marine Chemistry Theory and Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266100, PR China
| | - Xiaolan Lu
- Key Laboratory of Marine Chemistry Theory and Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266100, PR China; College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266100, PR China
| | - Liangmin Yu
- Key Laboratory of Marine Chemistry Theory and Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266100, PR China; Open Studio for Marine Corrosion and Protection, Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology (Qingdao), Qingdao, 266100, PR China.
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27
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Lei X, Lian Q, Zhang X, Wang T, Gee M, Holmes W, Jin S, Ponnusamy SK, Gang DD, Zappi ME. Removal of perfluorooctanoic acid via polyethyleneimine modified graphene oxide: Effects of water matrices and understanding mechanisms. CHEMOSPHERE 2022; 308:136379. [PMID: 36088978 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2022.136379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2022] [Revised: 09/04/2022] [Accepted: 09/05/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
This research aimed to evaluate the adsorption behaviors and mechanisms of perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) onto polyethyleneimine modified graphene oxide (GO-PEI) from aqueous solutions. The adsorption capacity was significantly improved by doping polyethyleneimine (PEI) onto graphene oxide (GO). The Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) isotherm model was considered as the best isotherm model in describing the PFOA adsorption onto GO-PEI3 (wPEI/wGO = 3). GO-PEI3 exhibited high adsorption capacity (qe = 368.2 mg/g, calculated from BET isotherm model) and excellent stability. The maximum monolayer amount of PFOA adsorption onto GO-PEI3 (qm = 231.2 mg/g) was successfully evaluated. The calculated saturated concentration (Cs = 169.9 mg/L) of PFOA on GO-PEI3 closely agrees with its critical micelle concentration (CMC = 157.0 mg/L), suggesting the formation of multilayer hemi-micelles or micelles PFOA structures on the surface of GO-PEI3. PFOA adsorption onto GO-PEI3 was inhibited by several factors including: the presence of humic acid (HA) by competing with the adsorption sites, background salts through the double-layer compression effect, and the competition from soluble ions for the amine or amide functional groups on GO-PEI3. Finally, both the FT-IR and XPS results confirmed that the adsorption of PFOA onto GO-PEI3 was through electrostatic attraction and hydrophobic interaction (physical adsorption), but not chemical adsorption. This work provides fundamental knowledge both in understanding the adsorption behavior through the BET isotherm model and in developing a stable adsorbent for PFOA adsorption. In addition, the findings highlight the potential of PFOA remediation from wastewater systems using GO-PEI in engineering applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaobo Lei
- Department of Civil Engineering, University of Louisiana at Lafayette, Lafayette, LA, 70504, USA; Center for Environmental Technology, The Energy Institute of Louisiana, University of Louisiana at Lafayette, P. O. Box 43597, Lafayette, LA, 70504, USA
| | - Qiyu Lian
- Department of Civil Engineering, University of Louisiana at Lafayette, Lafayette, LA, 70504, USA; Center for Environmental Technology, The Energy Institute of Louisiana, University of Louisiana at Lafayette, P. O. Box 43597, Lafayette, LA, 70504, USA
| | - Xu Zhang
- Department of Civil Engineering, University of Louisiana at Lafayette, Lafayette, LA, 70504, USA; Beijing International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Water Pollution Control Techniques for Antibiotics and Resistance Genes, School of Civil Engineering, Beijing Jiaotong University, Shangyuancun, Beijing, 100044, PR China
| | - Tiejun Wang
- Department of Civil Engineering, University of Louisiana at Lafayette, Lafayette, LA, 70504, USA; Nanyang Vocational College of Agriculture, Nanyang, 473000, PR China
| | - Michael Gee
- Department of Civil Engineering, University of Louisiana at Lafayette, Lafayette, LA, 70504, USA; Department of Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
| | - William Holmes
- Center for Environmental Technology, The Energy Institute of Louisiana, University of Louisiana at Lafayette, P. O. Box 43597, Lafayette, LA, 70504, USA; Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Louisiana at Lafayette, Lafayette, LA, 70504, USA
| | - Shiwei Jin
- Key Laboratory of Catalysis and Energy Materials Chemistry of Ministry of Education & Hubei Key Laboratory of Catalysis and Materials Science, South-Central University for Nationalities, Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - Senthil Kumar Ponnusamy
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Sri Sivasubramaniya Nadar College of Engineering, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Daniel Dianchen Gang
- Department of Civil Engineering, University of Louisiana at Lafayette, Lafayette, LA, 70504, USA; Center for Environmental Technology, The Energy Institute of Louisiana, University of Louisiana at Lafayette, P. O. Box 43597, Lafayette, LA, 70504, USA.
| | - Mark E Zappi
- Center for Environmental Technology, The Energy Institute of Louisiana, University of Louisiana at Lafayette, P. O. Box 43597, Lafayette, LA, 70504, USA; Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Louisiana at Lafayette, Lafayette, LA, 70504, USA
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28
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Wu DL, Cheng L, Rao QX, Wang XL, Zhang QC, Yao CX, Chen SS, Liu X, Song W, Zhou JX, Song WG. Toxic effects and transcriptional responses in zebrafish liver cells following perfluorooctanoic acid exposure. AQUATIC TOXICOLOGY (AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS) 2022; 253:106328. [PMID: 36302320 DOI: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2022.106328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2022] [Revised: 09/21/2022] [Accepted: 10/13/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
As a typical type of persistent organic pollutant, perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) is pervasive in the environment. Multiple studies have found that PFOA has hepatotoxicity, but the mechanism remains poorly understood. In this study, the toxic effects of different concentrations of PFOA on zebrafish liver cells were systematically assessed by recording cell survival, ultrastructural observations, and transcriptome analyses. The results showed that the inhibition of cell viability and the massive accumulation of autophagic vacuoles were observed at 400 µM PFOA, while transcriptomic changes occurred with treatments of 1 and 400 µM PFOA. The transcription levels of 1055 (977 up- and 78 down-regulated genes) and 520 (446 up- and 74 down-regulated genes) genes were significantly changed after treatment with 1 and 400 µM PFOA, respectively. Based on Kyoto encyclopedia of genes and genomes (KEGG) enrichment analysis, significant expression changes were observed in autophagy, tight junction, signal transduction, immune system, endocrine system, and metabolism-related pathways, indicating that such processes were greatly affected by PFOA exposure. The findings of this study will provide a scientific basis for the toxic effects and potential toxic mechanisms of PFOA on zebrafish, and provide information for ecological risk assessments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong-Lei Wu
- Institute for Agri-food Standards and Testing Technology, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Science, Shanghai 201106, China; Shanghai Engineering Research Center for Agro-products Quality and Safety, Shanghai 201403, China
| | - Lin Cheng
- Institute for Agri-food Standards and Testing Technology, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Science, Shanghai 201106, China; Shanghai Engineering Research Center for Agro-products Quality and Safety, Shanghai 201403, China
| | - Qin-Xiong Rao
- Institute for Agri-food Standards and Testing Technology, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Science, Shanghai 201106, China; Shanghai Engineering Research Center for Agro-products Quality and Safety, Shanghai 201403, China
| | - Xian-Li Wang
- Institute for Agri-food Standards and Testing Technology, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Science, Shanghai 201106, China; Shanghai Engineering Research Center for Agro-products Quality and Safety, Shanghai 201403, China
| | - Qi-Cai Zhang
- Institute for Agri-food Standards and Testing Technology, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Science, Shanghai 201106, China; Shanghai Engineering Research Center for Agro-products Quality and Safety, Shanghai 201403, China
| | - Chun-Xia Yao
- Institute for Agri-food Standards and Testing Technology, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Science, Shanghai 201106, China; Shanghai Engineering Research Center for Agro-products Quality and Safety, Shanghai 201403, China
| | - Shan-Shan Chen
- Institute for Agri-food Standards and Testing Technology, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Science, Shanghai 201106, China; Shanghai Engineering Research Center for Agro-products Quality and Safety, Shanghai 201403, China
| | - Xing Liu
- Institute for Agri-food Standards and Testing Technology, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Science, Shanghai 201106, China; Shanghai Engineering Research Center for Agro-products Quality and Safety, Shanghai 201403, China
| | - Wei Song
- Institute for Agri-food Standards and Testing Technology, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Science, Shanghai 201106, China; Shanghai Engineering Research Center for Agro-products Quality and Safety, Shanghai 201403, China
| | - Jia-Xin Zhou
- Institute for Agri-food Standards and Testing Technology, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Science, Shanghai 201106, China; Shanghai Engineering Research Center for Agro-products Quality and Safety, Shanghai 201403, China
| | - Wei-Guo Song
- Institute for Agri-food Standards and Testing Technology, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Science, Shanghai 201106, China; Shanghai Engineering Research Center for Agro-products Quality and Safety, Shanghai 201403, China.
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Gan CD, Peng MY, Liu HB, Yang JY. Concentration and distribution of metals, total fluorine, per- and poly-fluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) in vertical soil profiles in industrialized areas. CHEMOSPHERE 2022; 302:134855. [PMID: 35533930 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2022.134855] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2022] [Revised: 04/28/2022] [Accepted: 05/03/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The widespread usage of per- and poly-fluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) has caused great concern due to their potential toxicology to human and environmental health. However, there have been limited investigations on the vertical distribution of PFAS in fluorine (F) contaminated soils. In this study, the spatial and vertical distribution of metals, total F, and PFAS in the soil profiles were investigated at different areas in an industrial city. The higher F concentrations in the farmland soils with intensive agricultural activities suggested the impacts of soil tillage. The ΣPFAS concentrations ranged from 0.187 to 1.852 ng g-1 in all soil samples, with PFOA as the dominant pollutant, which accounted for 17.2%-51.6% of the ΣPFAS in all samples. Highest level of PFAS was found in the shallow layer of the soil profiles. The long-chain PFAS such as PFUdA and PFTeDA tended to remain in the topsoil, while the short-chains (PFBA, PFPeA, and PFHxA) have migrated to depth of 100 cm in the vertical soil profile. The application of F-enriched phosphorus fertilizers and atmospheric deposition may be important sources of F and PFAS in soils in this area. Correlation analysis indicated that most of PFAS have similar common sources, and the significantly positive correlation between Zn and PFAS suggested they may share similar sources. This study highlights the need for further work to monitor the PFAS level in soil environments in industrialized areas, in addition to focusing on soil metal and F pollution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chun-Dan Gan
- College of Architecture and Environment, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, China; Yibin Institute of Industrial Technology, Sichuan University Yibin Park, Yibin, 644000, China
| | - Mu-Yi Peng
- College of Architecture and Environment, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, China
| | - Heng-Bo Liu
- College of Architecture and Environment, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, China; Sichuan Academy of Environmental Sciences, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Jin-Yan Yang
- College of Architecture and Environment, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, China; Yibin Institute of Industrial Technology, Sichuan University Yibin Park, Yibin, 644000, China.
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Ahn SK, Park KY, Song WJ, Park YM, Kweon JH. Adsorption mechanisms on perfluorooctanoic acid by FeCl 3 modified granular activated carbon in aqueous solutions. CHEMOSPHERE 2022; 303:134965. [PMID: 35588880 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2022.134965] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2022] [Revised: 05/10/2022] [Accepted: 05/11/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) is an emerging organic pollutant that is persistent in the environmental, and has been detected in humans, and wildlife. Several technologies, such as activated carbon (AC) adsorption have been used to remove PFOA from water. In this study, Fe-impregnation with/without post-thermal treatment of AC was applied to improve the adsorption of PFOA. The adsorption mechanisms were evaluated using three kinetic models: pseudo-first-order model, pseudo-second-order model, and intra-particle diffusion models. Interpretation of experimental results with the kinetic models revealed that chemical interactions, such as electrostatic attraction or complexation were suggested as the adsorption mechanisms along with physical adsorption. Two isotherm models demonstrated that the modified ACs (171.0-189.9 mg g-1) had increases in adsorption capacities than the unmodified AC (164.9 mg g-1), which indicated that modification improved the maximum achievable surface concentrations and adsorption affinity to some extent. The evenly distributed iron content on the modified ACs was visualized using an energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy. The Fe-impregnated AC showed a reduction in the specific surface area and total pore volume; however, post-thermal treatment largely recovered the pore structures. The isotherms normalized by the accessible surface area revealed the importance of the Fe-impregnated surfaces on PFOA adsorption. Comparable pH values of the point of zero charge and chemical compositions of the ACs implied that an increase in Fe-impregnated surface was crucial to improve PFOA adsorption. Thus, substantial enhancement of PFOA removal can be achieved by implementing a proper strategy for AC modification, especially using Fe-impregnation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sun-Kyung Ahn
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Konkuk University, 120, Neungdong-ro, Seoul, Gwangjin-gu 05029, Korea.
| | - Keun-Young Park
- Department of Water Environment Research, Division of Water Quality Assessment Research, National Institute of Environmental Research, 39914, Jusan-ro, Jukjeon-ri, Gisan-myeon, Chilgok-gun, Gyeongsangbuk-do, 1264-48, Korea.
| | - Won-Jung Song
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Konkuk University, 120, Neungdong-ro, Seoul, Gwangjin-gu 05029, Korea.
| | - Young-Min Park
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Konkuk University, 120, Neungdong-ro, Seoul, Gwangjin-gu 05029, Korea.
| | - Ji-Hyang Kweon
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Konkuk University, 120, Neungdong-ro, Seoul, Gwangjin-gu 05029, Korea.
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31
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Li Q, Zhu S, Chen F, Guo C. Functional group modified 1D interpenetrated metal-organic frameworks on perfluorooctanoic acid adsorption: Experimental and theoretical calculation study. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2022; 211:113083. [PMID: 35276196 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2022.113083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2021] [Revised: 02/25/2022] [Accepted: 03/03/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Functional groups modified metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) was synthesized via a pre-tailor method and served as an adsorbent for perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) removal. The material was characterized using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction and N2 sorption-desorption. Monte Carlo simulation and molecular dynamics are derived to predict the possible molecular packing and adsorption mechanism. The Hirshfeld surface with reduced density gradient analysis demonstrates that PFOA is adsorbed on MOF-X mainly affected by van der Waals interactions and steric effects. Adsorption kinetics and isotherms were investigated on the basis of a static experiment. The pseudo-second-order kinetic model and Langmuir isotherm were fitted well to characterize adsorption process. Hereinto, amino-modified MOFs reached the highest adsorption efficiency and the maximum capacity was 185.6 mg/g. Combing the experimental data with theoretical simulation, results indicated that functional group modification is an effective approach to alter the crystal structure and then affect the adsorptive properties of MOFs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiulin Li
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Suzhou University of Science and Technology, Suzhou, 215011, PR China
| | - Simin Zhu
- China Fire and Rescue Institute, Beijing, 102200, PR China
| | - Feng Chen
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Suzhou University of Science and Technology, Suzhou, 215011, PR China.
| | - Chunxian Guo
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Suzhou University of Science and Technology, Suzhou, 215011, PR China; Jiangsu Laboratory for Biochemical Sensing and Biochip, Suzhou University of Science and Technology, Suzhou, 215011, PR China; Collaborative Innovation Center of Water Treatment Technology & Material, Suzhou University of Science and Technology, Suzhou, 215011, PR China.
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32
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A Review on Removal and Destruction of Per- and Polyfluoroalkyl Substances (PFAS) by Novel Membranes. MEMBRANES 2022; 12:membranes12070662. [PMID: 35877866 PMCID: PMC9325267 DOI: 10.3390/membranes12070662] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2022] [Revised: 06/20/2022] [Accepted: 06/22/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Per- and Polyfluoroalkyl Substances (PFAS) are anthropogenic chemicals consisting of thousands of individual species. PFAS consists of a fully or partly fluorinated carbon–fluorine bond, which is hard to break and requires a high amount of energy (536 kJ/mole). Resulting from their unique hydrophobic/oleophobic nature and their chemical and mechanical stability, they are highly resistant to thermal, chemical, and biological degradation. PFAS have been used extensively worldwide since the 1940s in various products such as non-stick household items, food-packaging, cosmetics, electronics, and firefighting foams. Exposure to PFAS may lead to health issues such as hormonal imbalances, a compromised immune system, cancer, fertility disorders, and adverse effects on fetal growth and learning ability in children. To date, very few novel membrane approaches have been reported effective in removing and destroying PFAS. Therefore, this article provides a critical review of PFAS treatment and removal approaches by membrane separation systems. We discuss recently reported novel and effective membrane techniques for PFAS separation and include a detailed discussion of parameters affecting PFAS membrane separation and destruction. Moreover, an estimation of cost analysis is also included for each treatment technology. Additionally, since the PFAS treatment technology is still growing, we have incorporated several future directions for efficient PFAS treatment.
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Sun C, Yu M, Li Y, Niu B, Qin F, Yan N, Xu Y, Zheng Y. MoS2 nanoflowers decorated natural fiber-derived hollow carbon microtubes for boosting perfluorooctanoic acid degradation. Colloids Surf A Physicochem Eng Asp 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfa.2022.128670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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Liu X, Zhu C, Yin J, Li J, Zhang Z, Li J, Shui F, You Z, Shi Z, Li B, Bu XH, Nafady A, Ma S. Installation of synergistic binding sites onto porous organic polymers for efficient removal of perfluorooctanoic acid. Nat Commun 2022; 13:2132. [PMID: 35440580 PMCID: PMC9019033 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-29816-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2021] [Accepted: 04/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Herein, we report a strategy to construct highly efficient perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) adsorbents by installing synergistic electrostatic/hydrophobic sites onto porous organic polymers (POPs). The constructed model material of PAF-1-NDMB (NDMB = N,N-dimethyl-butylamine) demonstrates an exceptionally high PFOA uptake capacity over 2000 mg g-1, which is 14.8 times enhancement compared with its parent material of PAF-1. And it is 32.0 and 24.1 times higher than benchmark materials of DFB-CDP (β-cyclodextrin (β-CD)-based polymer network) and activated carbon under the same conditions. Furthermore, PAF-1-NDMB exhibits the highest k2 value of 24,000 g mg-1 h-1 among all reported PFOA sorbents. And it can remove 99.99% PFOA from 1000 ppb to <70 ppt within 2 min, which is lower than the advisory level of Environmental Protection Agency of United States. This work thus not only provides a generic approach for constructing PFOA adsorbents, but also develops POPs as a platform for PFOA capture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiongli Liu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, National Institute for Advanced Materials, TKL of Metal and Molecule-Based Material Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300350, P. R. China
| | - Changjia Zhu
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Texas 1508W Mulberry St, Denton, TX, 76201, USA
| | - Jun Yin
- Physical Sciences and Engineering Division, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Advanced Membranes and Porous Materials Center, Thuwal, 23955-6900, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.,Kingdom of Saudi Arabia; KAUST Catalysis Center, Physical Sciences and Engineering Division, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal, 23955-6900, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Jixin Li
- State Key Laboratory of Inorganic Synthesis and Preparative Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, P. R. China
| | - Zhiyuan Zhang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, National Institute for Advanced Materials, TKL of Metal and Molecule-Based Material Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300350, P. R. China
| | - Jinli Li
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, National Institute for Advanced Materials, TKL of Metal and Molecule-Based Material Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300350, P. R. China
| | - Feng Shui
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, National Institute for Advanced Materials, TKL of Metal and Molecule-Based Material Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300350, P. R. China
| | - Zifeng You
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, National Institute for Advanced Materials, TKL of Metal and Molecule-Based Material Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300350, P. R. China
| | - Zhan Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Inorganic Synthesis and Preparative Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, P. R. China
| | - Baiyan Li
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, National Institute for Advanced Materials, TKL of Metal and Molecule-Based Material Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300350, P. R. China.
| | - Xian-He Bu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, National Institute for Advanced Materials, TKL of Metal and Molecule-Based Material Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300350, P. R. China.
| | - Ayman Nafady
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Shengqian Ma
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Texas 1508W Mulberry St, Denton, TX, 76201, USA.
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Sugarcane Bagasse Ash as a Catalyst Support for Facile and Highly Scalable Preparation of Magnetic Fenton Catalysts for Ultra-Highly Efficient Removal of Tetracycline. Catalysts 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/catal12040446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/07/2022] Open
Abstract
Sugarcane bagasse ash, which is waste from the combustion process of bagasse for electricity generation, was utilized as received as a catalyst support to prepare the magnetic sugarcane bagasse ash (MBGA) with different iron-to-ash ratios using a simple co-precipitation method, and the effects of NaOH and iron loadings on the physicochemical properties of the catalyst were investigated using various intensive characterization techniques. In addition, the catalyst was used with a low amount of H2O2 for the catalytic degradation of a high concentration of tetracycline (800 mg/L) via a Fenton system. The catalyst exhibited excellent degradation activity of 90.43% removal with good magnetic properties and high stabilities and retained good efficiency after four cycles with NaOH as the eluent. Moreover, the hydroxyl radical on the surface of catalyst played a major role in the degradation of TC, and carbon-silica surface of bagasse ash significantly improved the efficiencies. The results indicated that the MBGA catalyst shows the potential to be highly scalable for a practical application, with high performance in the heterogeneous Fenton system.
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36
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Adsorption of perfluorooctanoic acid from water by pH-modulated Brönsted acid and base sites in mesoporous hafnium oxide ceramics. iScience 2022; 25:104138. [PMID: 35402881 PMCID: PMC8987376 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2022.104138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2021] [Revised: 02/24/2022] [Accepted: 03/18/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) are increasingly appearing in drinking water sources globally. Our work focuses specifically on the adsorption of the legacy perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) using mesoporous hafnium oxide (MHO) ceramic synthesized via a sol-gel process. Experiments were performed at varying pH to determine the effect of surface charge on adsorption capacity of PFOA by MHO, and to postulate adsorption behavior. At pH 2.3, the adsorption capacity of PFOA on MHO was 20.9 mg/g, whereas at a higher pH of 6.3, it was much lower at 9.2 mg/g. This was due to increased coulombic attractions at lower pH between the positively charged conjugate acid active sites on MHO surface and negatively charged deprotonated PFOA anion in solution. After adsorption, the solid MHO was regenerated via calcination, reducing the amount of toxic solid waste to be disposed since the adsorbent is regenerated, and the PFOA is completely removed. The adsorption capacity of PFOA by MHO was determined to be 20.9 mg/g at pH 2.3 As pH increased, the adsorption capacity of MHO decreased due to Coulombic repulsions MHO could be regenerated via calcination to limit the amount of toxic waste produced
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37
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Wan H, Mills R, Qu K, Hower JC, Mottaleb MA, Bhattacharyya D, Xu Z. Rapid removal of PFOA and PFOS via modified industrial solid waste: Mechanisms and influences of water matrices. CHEMICAL ENGINEERING JOURNAL (LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND : 1996) 2022; 433:133271. [PMID: 36505940 PMCID: PMC9733903 DOI: 10.1016/j.cej.2021.133271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Emerging perfluoroalkyl and polyfluoroalkyl substances contaminate waters at trace concentrations, thus rapid and selective adsorbents are pivotal to mitigate the consequent energy-intensive and time-consuming issues in remediation. In this study, coal combustion residuals-fly ash was modified (FA-SCA) to overcome the universal trade-off between high adsorption capacity and fast kinetics. FA-SCA presented rapid adsorption (teq = 2 min) of PFOX (perfluorooctanoic acid and perfluorooctanesulfonic acid, collectively), where the dynamic adsorption capacity (qdyn = qm/teq) was 2-3 orders of magnitude higher than that of benchmark activated carbons and anion-exchange resins. Investigated by advanced characterization and kinetic models, the fast kinetics and superior qdyn are attributed to (1) elevated external diffusion driven by the submicron particle size; (2) enhanced intraparticle diffusion caused by the developed mesoporous structure (Vmeso/Vmicro = 8.1); (3) numerous quaternary ammonium anion-exchange sites (840 μmol/g), and (4) appropriate adsorption affinity (0.031 L/μmol for PFOS, and 0.023 L/μmol for PFOA). Since the adsorption was proven to be a synergistic process of electrostatic and hydrophobic interactions, effective adsorption ([PFOX]ini = 1.21 μM, concentration levels of highly-contaminant-sites) was obtained at conventional natural water chemistries. High selectivity (>85.4% removal) was also achieved with organic/inorganic competitors, especially compounds with partly similar molecular structures to PFOX. In addition, >90% PFOX was removed consistently during five cycles in mild regeneration conditions (pH 12 and 50 °C). Overall, FA-SCA showed no leaching issues of toxic metals and exhibits great potential in both single-adsorption processes and treatment train systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongyi Wan
- School of Chemical Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40506, USA
| | - Rollie Mills
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40506, USA
| | - Kai Qu
- School of Chemical Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - James C. Hower
- Center for Applied Energy Research, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40503, USA; Department of Earth & Environmental Sciences, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40506, USA
| | - M. Abdul Mottaleb
- College of Medicine, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40506, USA
| | - Dibakar Bhattacharyya
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40506, USA
| | - Zhi Xu
- School of Chemical Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
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38
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Novel Fluorinated Nitrogen-Rich Porous Organic Polymer for Efficient Removal of Perfluorooctanoic Acid from Water. WATER 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/w14071010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
The mobility, durability, and widespread use of perfluorinated and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS), notably perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA), bring about serious contamination of many ground and surface waters. In this study, fluorine and amine-functionalized porous organic polymer (POP-4F) was designed and successfully synthesized as an adsorbent for PFOA removal in water. The characterization results showed that the synthesized material had an amorphous microporous structure, and the BET surface area was up to 479 m2 g−1. Its versatile adsorption property was evaluated by batch adsorption experiments using PFOA as a probe. The experiments show that the polymer was able to remove 98% of the PFOA in 5 min from water and then desorb within 3 min in methanol ([PFOA]0 = 1 mg L−1; [POP-4F] = 200 mg L−1). Specifically, the adsorption capacity of POP-4F is up to 107 mg g−1, according to the Langmuir fit. The rapid adsorption and desorption of PFOA by POP-4F offers the possibility of economical, environmentally friendly, and efficient treatment of real wastewater.
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39
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Birch QT, Birch ME, Nadagouda MN, Dionysiou DD. Nano-enhanced treatment of per-fluorinated and poly-fluorinated alkyl substances (PFAS). Curr Opin Chem Eng 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.coche.2021.100779] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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40
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Jothinathan L, Cai QQ, Ong SL, Hu JY. Fe-Mn doped powdered activated carbon pellet as ozone catalyst for cost-effective phenolic wastewater treatment: Mechanism studies and phenol by-products elimination. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2022; 424:127483. [PMID: 34673392 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2021.127483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2021] [Revised: 09/09/2021] [Accepted: 09/18/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
A novel bimetallic doped PAC (Fe-Mn/PAC) pellet was prepared with a facile sol-gel method and used as an ozone catalyst for phenolic wastewater (PWW) treatment. Adoption of Fe-Mn/PAC pellet in microbubble ozonation enhanced the 1-h chemical oxygen demand (COD) and phenol removal in PWW to 79% and 95%, respectively. With ozone dosage of 10 mg/L, 1 g/L Fe-Mn/PAC pellet exhibited ozone conversion of 92%. In comparison to microbubble ozonation process, Fe-Mn/PAC induced microbubble-catalytic ozonation process promoted ozone decomposition rate by 1.9 times. In terms of •OH production, Fe-Mn/PAC pellet enhanced •OH exposure by 10 times, with a Rct value of 2.92 × 10 -8. Rct kinetic model also suggested that Fe-Mn/PAC pellet obtained higher kinetic rate constants for initiating and promoting •OH generation. Usage of Fe-Mn/PAC pellet in microbubble ozonation for phenolic wastewater treatment also reduced the total ozone consumption by 70%. In Fe-Mn/PAC induced microbubble-catalytic ozonation process, the ratio between ozone consumption and COD removal (ΔO3/ΔCOD) was 0.91. Fe-Mn/PAC pellet characterization with X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), Fourier-transform infrared (FT-IR) and X-ray powder diffraction (XRD) analysis revealed successful doping of Fe-Mn on PAC substrate and larger numbers of carbon-oxygen/hydroxyl surface groups, which played key roles in ozone decomposition and •OH production.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Jothinathan
- Sembcorp-NUS Corporate Laboratory, National University of Singapore, Sembcorp-NUS Corporate Laboratory c/o FoE, Block E1A, #04-01, 1 Engineering Drive 2, 117576, Singapore.; Department of Civil & Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, National University of Singapore, Block E1A, #07-01, 1 Engineering Drive 2, 117576, Singapore
| | - Q Q Cai
- Sembcorp-NUS Corporate Laboratory, National University of Singapore, Sembcorp-NUS Corporate Laboratory c/o FoE, Block E1A, #04-01, 1 Engineering Drive 2, 117576, Singapore.; Department of Civil & Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, National University of Singapore, Block E1A, #07-01, 1 Engineering Drive 2, 117576, Singapore
| | - S L Ong
- Sembcorp-NUS Corporate Laboratory, National University of Singapore, Sembcorp-NUS Corporate Laboratory c/o FoE, Block E1A, #04-01, 1 Engineering Drive 2, 117576, Singapore.; Department of Civil & Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, National University of Singapore, Block E1A, #07-01, 1 Engineering Drive 2, 117576, Singapore
| | - J Y Hu
- Sembcorp-NUS Corporate Laboratory, National University of Singapore, Sembcorp-NUS Corporate Laboratory c/o FoE, Block E1A, #04-01, 1 Engineering Drive 2, 117576, Singapore.; Department of Civil & Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, National University of Singapore, Block E1A, #07-01, 1 Engineering Drive 2, 117576, Singapore..
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41
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Lei X, Yao L, Lian Q, Zhang X, Wang T, Holmes W, Ding G, Gang DD, Zappi ME. Enhanced adsorption of perfluorooctanoate (PFOA) onto low oxygen content ordered mesoporous carbon (OMC): Adsorption behaviors and mechanisms. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2022; 421:126810. [PMID: 34365231 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2021.126810] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2021] [Revised: 07/26/2021] [Accepted: 07/31/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The pollution of perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) in water bodies has been a serious threat to environment and human health. Ordered mesoporous carbons (OMCs) with different oxygen contents were prepared and first used for adsorbing PFOA from aqueous solutions. The OMC-900 with a lower oxygen content has a higher PFOA adsorption capacity than the oxygen-rich OMC-700. OMCs require a much shorter time to reach the adsorption equilibrium comparing with other adsorbents reported in literature. The mesopores play an important role in this rapid adsorption kinetics. The pseudo-second-order model better fitted the kinetic data. The multilayers adsorption was proposed for the adsorption of PFOA onto OMCs since the Freundlich isotherm model fits the experimental data well. The micelle or hemi-micelle structures may be formed during the adsorption. Various background salts showed a positive effect on PFOA adsorption due to the salting-out and divalent bridge effects. The humic acid can lead to a discernible reduction in PFOA adsorption by competing for adsorption sites on OMCs. The hydrophobic interaction and electrostatic interaction adsorption mechanisms were proposed and verified by the adsorption data. The high adsorption capacity and fast adsorption kinetics of the OMC make it a potential adsorbent for PFOA removal in engineering applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaobo Lei
- Department of Civil Engineering, University of Louisiana at Lafayette, Lafayette, LA 70504, USA; Center for Environmental Technology, The Energy Institute of Louisiana, University of Louisiana at Lafayette, P. O. Box 43597, Lafayette, LA 70504, USA
| | - Lunguang Yao
- Henan Key Laboratory of Ecological Security, Collaborative Innovation Center of Water Security for Water Source Region of Mid-line of South-to-North Diversion Project of Henan Province, Nanyang Normal University, 1638 Wolong Rd, Nanyang, Henan, PR China
| | - Qiyu Lian
- Department of Civil Engineering, University of Louisiana at Lafayette, Lafayette, LA 70504, USA; Center for Environmental Technology, The Energy Institute of Louisiana, University of Louisiana at Lafayette, P. O. Box 43597, Lafayette, LA 70504, USA
| | - Xu Zhang
- Department of Civil Engineering, University of Louisiana at Lafayette, Lafayette, LA 70504, USA; Beijing International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Water Pollution Control Techniques for Antibiotics and Resistance genes, School of Civil Engineering, Beijing Jiaotong University, 3 Shangyuancun, Beijing 100044, PR China
| | - Tiejun Wang
- Department of Civil Engineering, University of Louisiana at Lafayette, Lafayette, LA 70504, USA; Nanyang Vocational College of Agriculture, Nanyang 473000, PR China
| | - William Holmes
- Center for Environmental Technology, The Energy Institute of Louisiana, University of Louisiana at Lafayette, P. O. Box 43597, Lafayette, LA 70504, USA; Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Louisiana at Lafayette, Lafayette, LA 70504, USA
| | - Guoyu Ding
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Aqueous Typical Pollutants Control and Water Quality Safeguard, School of Civil Engineering, Beijing Jiatong University, Beijing 100044, PR China
| | - Daniel Dianchen Gang
- Department of Civil Engineering, University of Louisiana at Lafayette, Lafayette, LA 70504, USA; Center for Environmental Technology, The Energy Institute of Louisiana, University of Louisiana at Lafayette, P. O. Box 43597, Lafayette, LA 70504, USA.
| | - Mark E Zappi
- Center for Environmental Technology, The Energy Institute of Louisiana, University of Louisiana at Lafayette, P. O. Box 43597, Lafayette, LA 70504, USA; Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Louisiana at Lafayette, Lafayette, LA 70504, USA
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42
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Tian S, Xu T, Fang L, Zhu Y, Li F, Leary RN, Zhang M, Zhao D, Soong TY, Shi H. A 'Concentrate-&-Destroy' technology for enhanced removal and destruction of per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances in municipal landfill leachate. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 791:148124. [PMID: 34126481 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.148124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2021] [Revised: 05/25/2021] [Accepted: 05/26/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) are ubiquitous in landfill leachate due to their widespread applications in various industrial and consumer products. Yet, there has been no cost-effective technology available for treating PFAS in leachate because of the intrinsic persistency of PFAS and the high matrix strength of landfill leachate. We tested a two-step 'Concentrate-&-Destroy' technology for treating over 14 PFAS from a model landfill leachate through bench- and pilot-scale experiments. The technology was based on an adsorptive photocatalyst (Fe/TNTs@AC), which was able to selectively adsorb PFAS despite the strong matrix effect of the leachate. Moreover, the pre-concentrated PFAS on Fe/TNTs@AC were effectively degraded under UV, which also regenerates the material. The presence of 0.5 M H2O2 during the photocatalytic degradation enhanced the solid-phase destruction of the PFAS. Fresh Fe/TNTs@AC at a dosage of 10 g/L removed >95% of 13 PFAS from the leachate, 86% after first regeneration, and 74% when reused three times. Fe/TNTs@AC was less effective for PFBA and PFPeA partially due to the transformation of precursors and/or longer-chain homologues into these short-chain PFAS. Pilot-scale tests preliminarily confirmed the bench-scale results. Despite the strong interference from additional suspended solids, Fe/TNTs@AC removed >92% of 18 PFAS in 8 h under the field conditions, and when the PFAS-laden solids were subjected to the UV-H2O2 system, ~84% of 16 PFAS in the solid phase were degraded. The 'Concentrate-&-Destroy' strategy appears promising for more cost-effective removal and degradation of PFAS in landfill leachate or PFAS-laden high-strength wastewaters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuting Tian
- Environmental Engineering Program, Department of Civil & Environmental Engineering, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36849, USA
| | - Tianyuan Xu
- Environmental Engineering Program, Department of Civil & Environmental Engineering, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36849, USA; School of Resource and Geosciences, China University of Mining and Technology, Xuzhou 221116, Jiangsu, China
| | - Leqi Fang
- Environmental Engineering Program, Department of Civil & Environmental Engineering, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36849, USA
| | - Yangmo Zhu
- Environmental Engineering Program, Department of Civil & Environmental Engineering, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36849, USA
| | - Fan Li
- Environmental Engineering Program, Department of Civil & Environmental Engineering, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36849, USA
| | - Rodney Nelson Leary
- Environmental Engineering Program, Department of Civil & Environmental Engineering, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36849, USA
| | - Man Zhang
- CTI and Associates, Inc., 28001 Cabot Dr #250, Novi, MI 48377, USA
| | - Dongye Zhao
- Environmental Engineering Program, Department of Civil & Environmental Engineering, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36849, USA.
| | - Te-Yang Soong
- CTI and Associates, Inc., 28001 Cabot Dr #250, Novi, MI 48377, USA
| | - Hang Shi
- CTI and Associates, Inc., 28001 Cabot Dr #250, Novi, MI 48377, USA
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Heidari H, Abbas T, Ok YS, Tsang DCW, Bhatnagar A, Khan E. GenX is not always a better fluorinated organic compound than PFOA: A critical review on aqueous phase treatability by adsorption and its associated cost. WATER RESEARCH 2021; 205:117683. [PMID: 34607087 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2021.117683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2021] [Revised: 09/14/2021] [Accepted: 09/17/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Hexafluoropropylene oxide dimer acid (GenX) has been marketed as a substitute for perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) to reduce environmental and health risks. GenX and PFOA have been detected in various natural water sources, and adsorption is recognized as a typical treatment process for PFOA removal. In this paper, comparisons of GenX and PFOA adsorption are evaluated, including adsorption potential, adsorption mechanisms, and associated costs. A detailed literature review suggests that anion-exchange resins are more effective in removing GenX than activated carbon. GenX removal efficiency through activated carbon (30%) is lower than that of PFOA (80-95%), while GenX and PFOA removal efficiencies by anion exchange resins are similar (99%). Unconventional adsorbents, such as ionic fluorogels and covalent organic frameworks can effectively remove GenX from water. The review reveals that GenX adsorption is more challenging, requiring almost 4 times the treatment cost of its predecessor, PFOA. Annual operation and maintenance costs for GenX adsorption (initial concentration of GenX and PFOA = 0.2 µg.L-1) by GAC for treating 10,000 m3 per day is almost US$1,000,000 per year, but only around US$240,000 per year for PFOA. Desorption of GenX in the presence of PFOA highlights GenX's inferior treatability by adsorption. It is believed that GenX is a more environmentally friendly compound than PFOA, but this environmental friendliness comes with the price.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hamed Heidari
- Civil and Environmental Engineering and Construction Department, University of Nevada, Las Vegas, Las Vegas, NV, United States
| | - Tauqeer Abbas
- Civil and Environmental Engineering and Construction Department, University of Nevada, Las Vegas, Las Vegas, NV, United States
| | - Yong Sik Ok
- Korea Biochar Research Center, APRU Sustainable Waste Management Program & Division of Environmental Science and Ecological Engineering, Korea University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Daniel C W Tsang
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
| | - Amit Bhatnagar
- Department of Separation Science, LUT School of Engineering Science, LUT University, Sammonkatu 12, FI-50130, Mikkeli, Finland
| | - Eakalak Khan
- Civil and Environmental Engineering and Construction Department, University of Nevada, Las Vegas, Las Vegas, NV, United States.
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Tian D, Geng D, Tyler Mehler W, Goss G, Wang T, Yang S, Niu Y, Zheng Y, Zhang Y. Removal of perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) from aqueous solution by amino-functionalized graphene oxide (AGO) aerogels: Influencing factors, kinetics, isotherms, and thermodynamic studies. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 783:147041. [PMID: 34088148 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.147041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2021] [Revised: 03/25/2021] [Accepted: 04/06/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) is an emerging organic pollutant that has become ubiquitous in waterways and is difficult to be removed from wastewater using traditional treatment methods. In this study, amino-functionalized graphene oxide (AGO) aerogels were prepared as a potential remediation tool for water contaminated by PFOA. The structure of the prepared absorbent material was characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, Raman spectroscopy, scanning electron microscope, and X-ray diffraction. The use of various adsorption times, temperatures, solution pH, and absorbent amount were investigated to determine optimum conditions for PFOA adsorption. Adsorption kinetics and thermodynamics of the absorbent were analyzed as well. AGO aerogels exhibited a high adsorption capacity of PFOA (1575 mg∙g-1) and high removal efficiency (99.95%) in a solution containing 10 mg PFOA L-1, likely due to the interconnected porous microstructures and amino groups of the AGO aerogels. The adsorption kinetics and isotherm of PFOA were well-fitted using pseudo-second-order and the Freundlich modelling. The adsorption mechanism of PFOA onto AGO aerogels followed spontaneous, exothermic, and physical processes. This study shows the potential of this material to remove PFOA from PFOA-contaminated waters effectively by providing insight into the understanding of the adsorption mechanisms of PFOA onto AGO aerogels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dayong Tian
- School of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Anyang Institute of Technology, Anyang 455000, China
| | - Dan Geng
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, China
| | - W Tyler Mehler
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton T6G 2E9, Alberta, Canada
| | - Greg Goss
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton T6G 2E9, Alberta, Canada; National Institute for Nanotechnology, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2M9, Canada
| | - Tao Wang
- School of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Anyang Institute of Technology, Anyang 455000, China
| | - Shuang Yang
- School of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Anyang Institute of Technology, Anyang 455000, China
| | - Yongsheng Niu
- School of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Anyang Institute of Technology, Anyang 455000, China
| | - Yong Zheng
- School of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Anyang Institute of Technology, Anyang 455000, China
| | - Yifeng Zhang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Alberta, Edmonton T6G 2G3, Canada.
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Gan CD, Gan ZW, Cui SF, Fan RJ, Fu YZ, Peng MY, Yang JY. Agricultural activities impact on soil and sediment fluorine and perfluorinated compounds in an endemic fluorosis area. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 771:144809. [PMID: 33548703 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.144809] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2020] [Revised: 12/20/2020] [Accepted: 12/23/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Perfluorinated compounds (PFCs) are organo-fluorine compounds which have been identified at significant levels in soils due to their widespread usage in industrial and commercial applications. However, few studies are available regarding the occurrence of PFCs in the environment of endemic fluorosis areas. To address the issue, soils collected from an endemic fluorosis area of southwestern China were analyzed for the distribution of fluorine and 21 kinds of PFCs. The average water-soluble fluorine concentration in cultivated soil (4.87 mg kg-1) was significantly higher than that in uncultivated soil (3.15 mg kg-1), which mainly ascribed to the utilization of fluorine-enriched fertilizers during agricultural practices. Concentrations of ΣPFCs in all soils ranged from 0.508 to 6.83 ng g-1, with an average of 2.81 ng g-1, dominated by perfluorononanoic acid (PFNA) and perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA). Highest ΣPFCs was found in the soil samples collected from cropland with intensive agricultural activities. Long-chain PFCs, including four perfluoroalkylcarboxylic acids (PFCAs, C ≥ 8) and one perfluoroalkylsulfonic acids (PFSAs) (perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS), C8), exhibited high levels in soils, probably due to their higher hydrophobicity and lower water-solubility than short-chain PFCs. While in sediments, short-chain PFCAs were the dominant compounds. Based on correlation analysis, the relationship between total fluorine and PFCs was insignificant, and soil organic matter was a relevant factor affecting PFCs distribution in soils. This study is expected to present a more comprehensive information about fluorine contamination under the influence of agricultural activities in an endemic fluorosis area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chun-Dan Gan
- College of Architecture and Environment, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China; Yibin Institute of Industrial Technology, Sichuan University Yibin Park, Yibin 644000, China
| | - Zhi-Wei Gan
- College of Architecture and Environment, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
| | - Si-Fan Cui
- College of Architecture and Environment, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
| | - Rui-Jun Fan
- College of Architecture and Environment, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
| | - Yuan-Zhou Fu
- College of Architecture and Environment, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
| | - Mu-Yi Peng
- College of Architecture and Environment, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
| | - Jin-Yan Yang
- College of Architecture and Environment, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China; Yibin Institute of Industrial Technology, Sichuan University Yibin Park, Yibin 644000, China.
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46
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Liu L, Che N, Wang S, Liu Y, Li C. Copper Nanoparticle Loading and F Doping of Graphene Aerogel Enhance Its Adsorption of Aqueous Perfluorooctanoic Acid. ACS OMEGA 2021; 6:7073-7085. [PMID: 33748621 PMCID: PMC7970550 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.1c00044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2021] [Accepted: 02/23/2021] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) persists in the environment for a long time due to its stable physical and chemical properties, and it is harmful to the environment and biological system. In order to effectively remove PFOA from aqueous solution, Cu nanoparticles and fluorine-modified graphene aerogel (Cu/F-rGA) were fabricated by the microbubble template method. Compared with unmodified aerogels (rGA), the adsorption rate of PFOA on Cu/F-rGA was enhanced 2.68-fold. These significant improvements were assumed to benefit from the ligand exchange reaction and hydrophobic and F-F interactions. The regeneration of Cu/F-rGA maintained 73.26% with ethanol as the desorption solvent after 10 times adsorption-desorption. The fitting results of the statistical physics model showed that PFOA tended to be parallel to the adsorption site at low temperature and perpendicular at high temperature. The number of PFOA molecules connected to each adsorption site was 0.53 to 1.41, and the number of adsorption layers of PFOA on the Cu/F-rGA was between 1.63 and 2.51. Compared with the response surface methodology and artificial neural network, an adaptive neuro-fuzzy inference system had more accurate analysis and prediction results. These results provide an effective and alternative strategy to remove PFOA from aqueous solution with environment-friendly consumption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Longfei Liu
- National
Engineering Laboratory for Efficient Utilization of Soil and Fertilizer
Resources, College of Resources and Environment, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai’an 271018, China
| | - Naiju Che
- National
Engineering Laboratory for Efficient Utilization of Soil and Fertilizer
Resources, College of Resources and Environment, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai’an 271018, China
| | - Shengsen Wang
- College
of Environmental Science and Engineering, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225127, China
| | - Yanli Liu
- National
Engineering Laboratory for Efficient Utilization of Soil and Fertilizer
Resources, College of Resources and Environment, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai’an 271018, China
| | - Chengliang Li
- National
Engineering Laboratory for Efficient Utilization of Soil and Fertilizer
Resources, College of Resources and Environment, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai’an 271018, China
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