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Smail MA, Lenz KM. Developmental functions of microglia: Impact of psychosocial and physiological early life stress. Neuropharmacology 2024; 258:110084. [PMID: 39025401 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2024.110084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2024] [Revised: 07/03/2024] [Accepted: 07/15/2024] [Indexed: 07/20/2024]
Abstract
Microglia play numerous important roles in brain development. From early embryonic stages through adolescence, these immune cells influence neuronal genesis and maturation, guide connectivity, and shape brain circuits. They also interact with other glial cells and structures, influencing the brain's supportive microenvironment. While this central role makes microglia essential, it means that early life perturbations to microglia can have widespread effects on brain development, potentially resulting in long-lasting behavioral impairments. Here, we will focus on the effects of early life psychosocial versus physiological stressors in rodent models. Psychosocial stress refers to perceived threats that lead to stress axes activation, including prenatal stress, or chronic postnatal stress, including maternal separation and resource scarcity. Physiological stress refers to physical threats, including maternal immune activation, postnatal infection, and traumatic brain injury. Differing sources of early life stress have varied impacts on microglia, and these effects are moderated by factors such as developmental age, brain region, and sex. Overall, these stressors appear to either 1) upregulate basal microglia numbers and activity throughout the lifespan, while possibly blunting their responsivity to subsequent stressors, or 2) shift the developmental curve of microglia, resulting in differential timing and function, impacting the critical periods they govern. Either could contribute to behavioral dysfunctions that occur after the resolution of early life stress. Exploring how different stressors impact microglia, as well as how multiple stressors interact to alter microglia's developmental functions, could deepen our understanding of how early life stress changes the brain's developmental trajectory. This article is part of the Special Issue on "Microglia".
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Affiliation(s)
- Marissa A Smail
- Department of Psychology, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA.
| | - Kathryn M Lenz
- Department of Psychology, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA; Department of Neuroscience, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA; Institute for Behavioral Medicine Research, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA; Chronic Brain Injury Program, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
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Colodete DA, Grace AA, Guimarães FS, Gomes FV. Degradation of Perineuronal Nets in the Ventral Hippocampus of Adult Rats Recreates an Adolescent-Like Phenotype of Stress Susceptibility. BIOLOGICAL PSYCHIATRY GLOBAL OPEN SCIENCE 2024; 4:100338. [PMID: 39099729 PMCID: PMC11295568 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpsgos.2024.100338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2024] [Revised: 05/08/2024] [Accepted: 05/12/2024] [Indexed: 08/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Psychiatric disorders often emerge during late adolescence/early adulthood, a period with increased susceptibility to socioenvironmental factors that coincides with incomplete parvalbumin interneuron (PVI) development. Stress during this period causes functional loss of PVIs in the ventral hippocampus (vHip), which has been associated with dopamine system overdrive. This vulnerability persists until the appearance of perineuronal nets (PNNs) around PVIs. We assessed the long-lasting effects of adolescent or adult stress on behavior, ventral tegmental area dopamine neuron activity, and the number of PVIs and their associated PNNs in the vHip. Additionally, we tested whether PNN removal in the vHip of adult rats, proposed to reset PVIs to a juvenile-like state, would recreate an adolescent-like phenotype of stress susceptibility. Methods Male rats underwent a 10-day stress protocol during adolescence or adulthood. Three to 4 weeks poststress, we evaluated behaviors related to anxiety, sociability, and cognition, ventral tegmental area dopamine neuron activity, and the number of PV+ and PNN+ cells in the vHip. Furthermore, adult animals received intra-vHip infusion of ChABC (chondroitinase ABC) to degrade PNNs before undergoing stress. Results Unlike adult stress, adolescent stress induced anxiety responses, reduced sociability, cognitive deficits, ventral tegmental area dopamine system overdrive, and decreased PV+ and PNN+ cells in the vHip. However, intra-vHip ChABC infusion caused the adult stress to produce changes similar to the ones observed after adolescent stress. Conclusions Our findings underscore adolescence as a period of heightened vulnerability to the long-lasting impact of stress and highlight the protective role of PNNs against stress-induced damage in PVIs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Débora A.E. Colodete
- Department of Pharmacology, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Anthony A. Grace
- Departments of Neuroscience, Psychiatry, and Psychology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Francisco S. Guimarães
- Department of Pharmacology, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Felipe V. Gomes
- Department of Pharmacology, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
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Kuczynski-Noyau L, Karmann S, Alberton P, Martinez-Corral I, Nampoothiri S, Sauvé F, Lhomme T, Quarta C, Apte SS, Bouret S, Aszodi A, Rasika S, Ciofi P, Dam J, Prévot V, Mattot V. A plastic aggrecan barrier modulated by peripheral energy state gates metabolic signal access to arcuate neurons. Nat Commun 2024; 15:6701. [PMID: 39112471 PMCID: PMC11306556 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-50798-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2024] [Accepted: 07/17/2024] [Indexed: 08/10/2024] Open
Abstract
The hypothalamic arcuate nucleus (ARH) contains neurons vital for maintaining energy homeostasis that sense and respond to changes in blood-borne metabolic hormones. Despite its juxtaposition to the median eminence (ME), a circumventricular organ lacking a blood-brain barrier and thus exposed to circulating molecules, only a few ventral ARH neurons perceive these extravasating metabolic signals due to a poorly understood ME/ARH diffusion barrier. Here, we show in male mice that aggrecan, a perineural-net proteoglycan deposited by orexigenic ARH neurons, creates a peculiar ventrodorsal diffusion gradient. Fasting enhances aggrecan deposition more dorsally, reinforcing the diffusion barrier, particularly around neurons adjacent to fenestrated capillary loops that enter the ARH. The disruption of aggrecan deposits results in unregulated diffusion of blood-borne molecules into the ARH and impairs food intake. Our findings reveal the molecular nature and plasticity of the ME/ARH diffusion barrier, and indicate its physiological role in hypothalamic metabolic hormone sensing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Kuczynski-Noyau
- Univ. Lille, INSERM, CHU Lille, Laboratory of Development and Plasticity of the Neuroendocrine Brain, Lille Neuroscience & Cognition, UMR-S1172, EGID, Lille, France
| | - Sixtine Karmann
- Univ. Lille, INSERM, CHU Lille, Laboratory of Development and Plasticity of the Neuroendocrine Brain, Lille Neuroscience & Cognition, UMR-S1172, EGID, Lille, France
| | - Paolo Alberton
- Department for Orthopaedics and Trauma Surgery Musculoskeletal University Center Munich (MUM) University Hospital, LMU, Munich, Germany
- Division of Hand, Plastic and Aesthetic Surgery LMU University Hospital, LMU, Munich, Germany
| | - Ines Martinez-Corral
- Univ. Lille, INSERM, CHU Lille, Laboratory of Development and Plasticity of the Neuroendocrine Brain, Lille Neuroscience & Cognition, UMR-S1172, EGID, Lille, France
| | - Sreekala Nampoothiri
- Univ. Lille, INSERM, CHU Lille, Laboratory of Development and Plasticity of the Neuroendocrine Brain, Lille Neuroscience & Cognition, UMR-S1172, EGID, Lille, France
| | - Florent Sauvé
- Univ. Lille, INSERM, CHU Lille, Laboratory of Development and Plasticity of the Neuroendocrine Brain, Lille Neuroscience & Cognition, UMR-S1172, EGID, Lille, France
| | - Tori Lhomme
- Univ. Lille, INSERM, CHU Lille, Laboratory of Development and Plasticity of the Neuroendocrine Brain, Lille Neuroscience & Cognition, UMR-S1172, EGID, Lille, France
| | - Carmelo Quarta
- Univ. Bordeaux, INSERM, Neurocentre Magendie, U1215, Bordeaux, France
| | - Suneel S Apte
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Sébastien Bouret
- Univ. Lille, INSERM, CHU Lille, Laboratory of Development and Plasticity of the Neuroendocrine Brain, Lille Neuroscience & Cognition, UMR-S1172, EGID, Lille, France
| | - Attila Aszodi
- Department for Orthopaedics and Trauma Surgery Musculoskeletal University Center Munich (MUM) University Hospital, LMU, Munich, Germany
| | - Sowmyalakshmi Rasika
- Univ. Lille, INSERM, CHU Lille, Laboratory of Development and Plasticity of the Neuroendocrine Brain, Lille Neuroscience & Cognition, UMR-S1172, EGID, Lille, France
| | - Philippe Ciofi
- Univ. Bordeaux, INSERM, Neurocentre Magendie, U1215, Bordeaux, France
| | - Julie Dam
- Institut Cochin, INSERM, CNRS, Université Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Vincent Prévot
- Univ. Lille, INSERM, CHU Lille, Laboratory of Development and Plasticity of the Neuroendocrine Brain, Lille Neuroscience & Cognition, UMR-S1172, EGID, Lille, France
| | - Virginie Mattot
- Univ. Lille, INSERM, CHU Lille, Laboratory of Development and Plasticity of the Neuroendocrine Brain, Lille Neuroscience & Cognition, UMR-S1172, EGID, Lille, France.
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Cleland NRW, Bruce KD. Fatty acid sensing in the brain: The role of glial-neuronal metabolic crosstalk and horizontal lipid flux. Biochimie 2024; 223:166-178. [PMID: 35998849 DOI: 10.1016/j.biochi.2022.08.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2022] [Revised: 07/01/2022] [Accepted: 08/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
The central control of energy homeostasis is a regulatory axis that involves the sensing of nutrients, signaling molecules, adipokines, and neuropeptides by neurons in the metabolic centers of the hypothalamus. However, non-neuronal glial cells are also abundant in the hypothalamus and recent findings have underscored the importance of the metabolic crosstalk and horizontal lipid flux between glia and neurons to the downstream regulation of systemic metabolism. New transgenic models and high-resolution analyses of glial phenotype and function have revealed that glia sit at the nexus between lipid metabolism and neural function, and may markedly impact the brain's response to dietary lipids or the supply of brain-derived lipids. Glia comprise the main cellular compartment involved in lipid synthesis, lipoprotein production, and lipid processing in the brain. In brief, tanycytes provide an interface between peripheral lipids and neurons, astrocytes produce lipoproteins that transport lipids to neurons and other glia, oligodendrocytes use brain-derived and dietary lipids to myelinate axons and influence neuronal function, while microglia can remove unwanted lipids in the brain and contribute to lipid re-utilization through cholesterol efflux. Here, we review recent findings regarding glial-lipid transport and highlight the specific molecular factors necessary for lipid processing in the brain, and how dysregulation of glial-neuronal metabolic crosstalk contributes to imbalanced energy homeostasis. Furthering our understanding of glial lipid metabolism will guide the design of future studies that target horizontal lipid processing in the brain to ameliorate the risk of developing obesity and metabolic disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas R W Cleland
- Division of Endocrinology Metabolism and Diabetes, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, 80045, USA
| | - Kimberley D Bruce
- Division of Endocrinology Metabolism and Diabetes, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, 80045, USA.
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Melrose J. CNS/PNS proteoglycans functionalize neuronal and astrocyte niche microenvironments optimizing cellular activity by preserving membrane polarization dynamics, ionic microenvironments, ion fluxes, neuronal activation, and network neurotransductive capacity. J Neurosci Res 2024; 102:e25361. [PMID: 39034899 DOI: 10.1002/jnr.25361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2023] [Revised: 03/22/2024] [Accepted: 05/27/2024] [Indexed: 07/23/2024]
Abstract
Central and peripheral nervous system (CNS/PNS) proteoglycans (PGs) have diverse functional roles, this study examined how these control cellular behavior and tissue function. The CNS/PNS extracellular matrix (ECM) is a dynamic, responsive, highly interactive, space-filling, cell supportive, stabilizing structure maintaining tissue compartments, ionic microenvironments, and microgradients that regulate neuronal activity and maintain the neuron in an optimal ionic microenvironment. The CNS/PNS contains a high glycosaminoglycan content (60% hyaluronan, HA) and a diverse range of stabilizing PGs. Immobilization of HA in brain tissues by HA interactive hyalectan PGs preserves tissue hydration and neuronal activity, a paucity of HA in brain tissues results in a pro-convulsant epileptic phenotype. Diverse CS, KS, and HSPGs stabilize the blood-brain barrier and neurovascular unit, provide smart gel neurotransmitter neuron vesicle storage and delivery, organize the neuromuscular junction basement membrane, and provide motor neuron synaptic plasticity, and photoreceptor and neuron synaptic functions. PG-HA networks maintain ionic fluxes and microgradients and tissue compartments that contribute to membrane polarization dynamics essential to neuronal activation and neurotransduction. Hyalectans form neuroprotective perineuronal nets contributing to synaptic plasticity, memory, and cognitive learning. Sialoglycoprotein associated with cones and rods (SPACRCAN), an HA binding CSPG, stabilizes the inter-photoreceptor ECM. HSPGs pikachurin and eyes shut stabilize the photoreceptor synapse aiding in phototransduction and neurotransduction with retinal bipolar neurons crucial to visual acuity. This is achieved through Laminin G motifs in pikachurin, eyes shut, and neurexins that interact with the dystroglycan-cytoskeleton-ECM-stabilizing synaptic interconnections, neuronal interactive specificity, and co-ordination of regulatory action potentials in neural networks.
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Affiliation(s)
- James Melrose
- Raymond Purves Bone and Joint Research Laboratory, Kolling Institute, Northern Sydney Local Health District, St. Leonards, New South Wales, Australia
- Graduate School of Biomedical Engineering, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- Sydney Medical School, Northern, The University of Sydney Faculty of Medicine and Health, Royal North Shore Hospital, St. Leonards, New South Wales, Australia
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Zhang W, Liu T, Li J, Singh J, Chan A, Islam A, Petrache A, Peng Y, Harvey K, Ali AB. Decreased extrasynaptic δ-GABA A receptors in PNN-associated parvalbumin interneurons correlates with anxiety in APP and tau mouse models of Alzheimer's disease. Br J Pharmacol 2024. [PMID: 38886118 DOI: 10.1111/bph.16441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2024] [Revised: 05/02/2024] [Accepted: 05/06/2024] [Indexed: 06/20/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Alzheimer's disease (AD) is associated with gradual memory loss and anxiety which affects ~75% of AD patients. This study investigated whether AD-associated anxiety correlated with modulation of extrasynaptic δ-subunit-containing GABAA receptors (δ-GABAARs) in experimental mouse models of AD. EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH We combined behavioural experimental paradigms to measure cognition performance, and anxiety with neuroanatomy and molecular biology, using familial knock-in (KI) mouse models of AD that harbour β-amyloid (Aβ) precursor protein App (AppNL-F) with or without humanized microtubule-associated protein tau (MAPT), age-matched to wild-type control mice at three different age windows. RESULTS AppNL-F KI and AppNL-F/MAPT AD models showed a similar magnitude of cognitive decline and elevated magnitude of anxiety correlated with neuroinflammatory hallmarks, including triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells 2 (TREM2), reactive astrocytes and activated microglia consistent with accumulation of Aβ, tau and down-regulation of Wnt/β-catenin signalling compared to aged-matched WT controls. In both the CA1 region of the hippocampus and dentate gyrus, there was an age-dependent decline in the expression of δ-GABAARs selectively expressed in parvalbumin (PV)-expressing interneurons, encapsulated by perineuronal nets (PNNs) in the AD mouse models compared to WT mice. In vivo positive allosteric modulation of the δ-GABAARs, using a δ-selective-compound DS2, decreased the level of anxiety in the AD mouse models, which was correlated with reduced hallmarks of neuroinflammation, and 'normalisation' of the expression of δ-GABAARs. CONCLUSIONS Our data show that the δ-GABAARs could potentially be targeted for alleviating symptoms of anxiety, which would greatly improve the quality of life of AD individuals.
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Liu WY, Yu Y, Zang J, Liu Y, Li FR, Zhang L, Guo RB, Kong L, Ma LY, Li XT. Menthol-Modified Quercetin Liposomes with Brain-Targeting Function for the Treatment of Senescent Alzheimer's Disease. ACS Chem Neurosci 2024; 15:2283-2295. [PMID: 38780450 DOI: 10.1021/acschemneuro.4c00109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Oxidative stress and neuroinflammation in the aging brain are correlated with the development of neurodegenerative diseases, such as Alzheimer's disease (AD). The blood-brain barrier (BBB) poses a significant challenge to the effective delivery of therapeutics for AD. Prior research has demonstrated that menthol (Men) can augment the permeability of the BBB. Consequently, in the current study, we modified Men on the surface of liposomes to construct menthol-modified quercetin liposomes (Men-Qu-Lips), designed to cross the BBB and enhance quercetin (Qu) concentration in the brain for improved therapeutic efficacy. The experimental findings indicate that Men-Qu-Lips exhibited good encapsulation efficiency and stability, successfully crossed the BBB, improved oxidative stress and neuroinflammation in the brains of aged mice, protected neurons, and enhanced their learning and memory abilities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wan-Ying Liu
- School of Pharmacy, Liaoning University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Dalian 116600, China
| | - Yang Yu
- School of Pharmacy, Liaoning University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Dalian 116600, China
| | - Juan Zang
- School of Pharmacy, Liaoning University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Dalian 116600, China
| | - Yang Liu
- School of Pharmacy, Liaoning University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Dalian 116600, China
| | - Feng-Rui Li
- School of Pharmacy, Liaoning University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Dalian 116600, China
| | - Lu Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Liaoning University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Dalian 116600, China
| | - Rui-Bo Guo
- School of Pharmacy, Liaoning University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Dalian 116600, China
| | - Liang Kong
- School of Pharmacy, Liaoning University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Dalian 116600, China
| | - Ling-Yue Ma
- Department of Pharmacy, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing 100034, China
| | - Xue-Tao Li
- School of Pharmacy, Liaoning University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Dalian 116600, China
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Francis KL, Zheng HB, Suskind DL, Murphree TA, Phan BA, Quah E, Hendrickson AS, Zhou X, Nuding M, Hudson AS, Guttman M, Morton GJ, Schwartz MW, Alonge KM, Scarlett JM. Characterizing the human intestinal chondroitin sulfate glycosaminoglycan sulfation signature in inflammatory bowel disease. Sci Rep 2024; 14:11839. [PMID: 38782973 PMCID: PMC11116513 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-60959-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2023] [Accepted: 04/29/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024] Open
Abstract
The intestinal extracellular matrix (ECM) helps maintain appropriate tissue barrier function and regulate host-microbial interactions. Chondroitin sulfate- and dermatan sulfate-glycosaminoglycans (CS/DS-GAGs) are integral components of the intestinal ECM, and alterations in CS/DS-GAGs have been shown to significantly influence biological functions. Although pathologic ECM remodeling is implicated in inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), it is unknown whether changes in the intestinal CS/DS-GAG composition are also linked to IBD in humans. Our aim was to characterize changes in the intestinal ECM CS/DS-GAG composition in intestinal biopsy samples from patients with IBD using mass spectrometry. We characterized intestinal CS/DS-GAGs in 69 pediatric and young adult patients (n = 13 control, n = 32 active IBD, n = 24 IBD in remission) and 6 adult patients. Here, we report that patients with active IBD exhibit a significant decrease in the relative abundance of CS/DS isomers associated with matrix stability (CS-A and DS) compared to controls, while isomers implicated in matrix instability and inflammation (CS-C and CS-E) were significantly increased. This imbalance of intestinal CS/DS isomers was restored among patients in clinical remission. Moreover, the abundance of pro-stabilizing CS/DS isomers negatively correlated with clinical disease activity scores, whereas both pro-inflammatory CS-C and CS-E content positively correlated with disease activity scores. Thus, pediatric patients with active IBD exhibited increased pro-inflammatory and decreased pro-stabilizing CS/DS isomer composition, and future studies are needed to determine whether changes in the CS/DS-GAG composition play a pathogenic role in IBD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kendra L Francis
- Department of Pediatric Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Seattle Children's Hospital, Seattle, WA, USA
- Department of Medicine, University of Washington Medicine Diabetes Institute, 750 Republican St, Box 358062, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA
| | - Hengqi B Zheng
- Department of Pediatric Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Seattle Children's Hospital, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - David L Suskind
- Department of Pediatric Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Seattle Children's Hospital, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Taylor A Murphree
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Bao Anh Phan
- Department of Medicine, University of Washington Medicine Diabetes Institute, 750 Republican St, Box 358062, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA
| | - Emily Quah
- Department of Medicine, University of Washington Medicine Diabetes Institute, 750 Republican St, Box 358062, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA
| | - Aarun S Hendrickson
- Department of Medicine, University of Washington Medicine Diabetes Institute, 750 Republican St, Box 358062, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA
| | - Xisheng Zhou
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Mason Nuding
- Department of Pediatric Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Seattle Children's Hospital, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Alexandra S Hudson
- Department of Pediatric Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Seattle Children's Hospital, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Miklos Guttman
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Gregory J Morton
- Department of Medicine, University of Washington Medicine Diabetes Institute, 750 Republican St, Box 358062, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA
| | - Michael W Schwartz
- Department of Medicine, University of Washington Medicine Diabetes Institute, 750 Republican St, Box 358062, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA
| | - Kimberly M Alonge
- Department of Medicine, University of Washington Medicine Diabetes Institute, 750 Republican St, Box 358062, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Jarrad M Scarlett
- Department of Pediatric Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Seattle Children's Hospital, Seattle, WA, USA.
- Department of Medicine, University of Washington Medicine Diabetes Institute, 750 Republican St, Box 358062, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA.
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Ortega JA, Soares de Aguiar GP, Chandravanshi P, Levy N, Engel E, Álvarez Z. Exploring the properties and potential of the neural extracellular matrix for next-generation regenerative therapies. WILEY INTERDISCIPLINARY REVIEWS. NANOMEDICINE AND NANOBIOTECHNOLOGY 2024; 16:e1962. [PMID: 38723788 DOI: 10.1002/wnan.1962] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2023] [Revised: 04/05/2024] [Accepted: 04/09/2024] [Indexed: 05/24/2024]
Abstract
The extracellular matrix (ECM) is a dynamic and complex network of proteins and molecules that surrounds cells and tissues in the nervous system and orchestrates a myriad of biological functions. This review carefully examines the diverse interactions between cells and the ECM, as well as the transformative chemical and physical changes that the ECM undergoes during neural development, aging, and disease. These transformations play a pivotal role in shaping tissue morphogenesis and neural activity, thereby influencing the functionality of the central nervous system (CNS). In our comprehensive review, we describe the diverse behaviors of the CNS ECM in different physiological and pathological scenarios and explore the unique properties that make ECM-based strategies attractive for CNS repair and regeneration. Addressing the challenges of scalability, variability, and integration with host tissues, we review how advanced natural, synthetic, and combinatorial matrix approaches enhance biocompatibility, mechanical properties, and functional recovery. Overall, this review highlights the potential of decellularized ECM as a powerful tool for CNS modeling and regenerative purposes and sets the stage for future research in this exciting field. This article is categorized under: Implantable Materials and Surgical Technologies > Nanotechnology in Tissue Repair and Replacement Therapeutic Approaches and Drug Discovery > Nanomedicine for Neurological Disease Implantable Materials and Surgical Technologies > Nanomaterials and Implants.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Alberto Ortega
- Department of Pathology and Experimental Therapeutics, Institute of Neurosciences, University of Barcelona, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
- Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica de Bellvitge (IDIBELL), L'Hospitalet del Llobregat, Spain
| | - Gisele P Soares de Aguiar
- Department of Pathology and Experimental Therapeutics, Institute of Neurosciences, University of Barcelona, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
- Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica de Bellvitge (IDIBELL), L'Hospitalet del Llobregat, Spain
| | - Palash Chandravanshi
- Biomaterials for Neural Regeneration Group, Institute for Bioengineering of Catalonia (IBEC), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (BIST), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Natacha Levy
- Biomaterials for Neural Regeneration Group, Institute for Bioengineering of Catalonia (IBEC), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (BIST), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Elisabeth Engel
- IMEM-BRT Group, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, EEBE, Technical University of Catalonia (UPC), Barcelona, Spain
- Biomaterials for Regenerative Therapies Group, Institute for Bioengineering of Catalonia (IBEC), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (BIST), Barcelona, Spain
- CIBER en Bioingeniería, Biomateriales y Nanomedicina, CIBER-BBN, Madrid, Spain
| | - Zaida Álvarez
- Biomaterials for Neural Regeneration Group, Institute for Bioengineering of Catalonia (IBEC), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (BIST), Barcelona, Spain
- CIBER en Bioingeniería, Biomateriales y Nanomedicina, CIBER-BBN, Madrid, Spain
- Simpson Querrey Institute for BioNanotechnology, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, USA
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10
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Santos-Silva T, Colodete DAE, Lisboa JRF, Silva Freitas Í, Lopes CFB, Hadera V, Lima TSA, Souza AJ, Gomes FV. Perineuronal nets as regulators of parvalbumin interneuron function: Factors implicated in their formation and degradation. Basic Clin Pharmacol Toxicol 2024; 134:614-628. [PMID: 38426366 DOI: 10.1111/bcpt.13994] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2023] [Revised: 01/12/2024] [Accepted: 02/12/2024] [Indexed: 03/02/2024]
Abstract
The brain extracellular matrix (ECM) has garnered increasing attention as a fundamental component of brain function in a predominantly "neuron-centric" paradigm. Particularly, the perineuronal nets (PNNs), a specialized net-like structure formed by ECM aggregates, play significant roles in brain development and physiology. PNNs enwrap synaptic junctions in various brain regions, precisely balancing new synaptic formation and long-term stabilization, and are highly dynamic entities that change in response to environmental stimuli, especially during the neurodevelopmental period. They are found mainly surrounding parvalbumin (PV)-expressing GABAergic interneurons, being proposed to promote PV interneuron maturation and protect them against oxidative stress and neurotoxic agents. This structural and functional proximity underscores the crucial role of PNNs in modulating PV interneuron function, which is critical for the excitatory/inhibitory balance and, consequently, higher-level behaviours. This review delves into the molecular underpinnings governing PNNs formation and degradation, elucidating their functional interactions with PV interneurons. In the broader physiological context and brain-related disorders, we also explore their intricate relationship with other molecules, such as reactive oxygen species and metalloproteinases, as well as glial cells. Additionally, we discuss potential therapeutic strategies for modulating PNNs in brain disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thamyris Santos-Silva
- Department of Pharmacology, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | - Debora A E Colodete
- Department of Pharmacology, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | | | - Ícaro Silva Freitas
- Department of Pharmacology, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | - Caio Fábio Baeta Lopes
- Department of Pharmacology, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | - Victor Hadera
- Department of Pharmacology, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | - Thaís Santos Almeida Lima
- Department of Pharmacology, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | - Adriana Jesus Souza
- Department of Pharmacology, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | - Felipe V Gomes
- Department of Pharmacology, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
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11
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Hendrickson AS, Francis KL, Kumar A, Le JP, Scarlett JM, Keene CD, Tovar DA, Alonge KM. Assessing translational applicability of perineuronal net dysfunction in Alzheimer's disease across species. Front Neurosci 2024; 18:1396101. [PMID: 38745932 PMCID: PMC11091253 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2024.1396101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2024] [Accepted: 04/12/2024] [Indexed: 05/16/2024] Open
Abstract
In the context of aging and age-associated neurodegenerative disorders, the brain's extracellular matrix (ECM) serves as a critical regulator for neuronal health and cognitive function. Within the extracellular space, proteoglycans and their glycosaminoglycan attachments play essential roles in forming, stabilizing, and protecting neural circuits throughout neurodevelopment and adulthood. Recent studies in rodents reveal that chondroitin sulfate-glycosaminoglycan (CS-GAG) containing perineuronal nets (PNNs) exhibit both structural and compositional differences throughout the brain. While animal studies are illuminating, additional research is required to translate these interregional PNN/CS-GAG variations to human brain tissue. In this perspective article, we first investigate the translational potential for interregional CS-GAG variances across species as novel targets for region-specific therapeutic development. We specifically focus on the observation that alterations in brain PNN-associated CS-GAGs have been linked with the progression of Alzheimer's disease (AD) neuropathology in humans, but these changes have not been fully recapitulated in rodent models of this disease. A second highlight of this perspective article investigates whether AD-associated shifts in CS-GAGs in humans may be dependent on region-specific baseline differences in CS-GAG sulfation patterning. The current findings begin to disentangle the intricate relationships between the interregional differences in brain PNN/CS-GAG matrices across species, while emphasizing the need to better understand the close relationship between dementia and changes in brain CS-GAG sulfation patterns in patients with AD and related dementias.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aarun S. Hendrickson
- Medicinal Chemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States
- Department of Medicine, University of Washington Medicine Diabetes Institute, Seattle, WA, United States
| | - Kendra L. Francis
- Department of Medicine, University of Washington Medicine Diabetes Institute, Seattle, WA, United States
- Department of Pediatric Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Seattle Children’s Hospital, Seattle, WA, United States
| | - Asmit Kumar
- Medicinal Chemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States
- Department of Medicine, University of Washington Medicine Diabetes Institute, Seattle, WA, United States
| | - Jaden P. Le
- Medicinal Chemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States
- Department of Medicine, University of Washington Medicine Diabetes Institute, Seattle, WA, United States
| | - Jarrad M. Scarlett
- Department of Medicine, University of Washington Medicine Diabetes Institute, Seattle, WA, United States
- Department of Pediatric Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Seattle Children’s Hospital, Seattle, WA, United States
| | - C. Dirk Keene
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States
| | - David A. Tovar
- Department of Psychology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, United States
| | - Kimberly M. Alonge
- Medicinal Chemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States
- Department of Medicine, University of Washington Medicine Diabetes Institute, Seattle, WA, United States
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12
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Schreurs BG, O'Dell DE, Wang D. The Role of Cerebellar Intrinsic Neuronal Excitability, Synaptic Plasticity, and Perineuronal Nets in Eyeblink Conditioning. BIOLOGY 2024; 13:200. [PMID: 38534469 DOI: 10.3390/biology13030200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2024] [Revised: 02/29/2024] [Accepted: 03/19/2024] [Indexed: 03/28/2024]
Abstract
Evidence is strong that, in addition to fine motor control, there is an important role for the cerebellum in cognition and emotion. The deep nuclei of the mammalian cerebellum also contain the highest density of perineural nets-mesh-like structures that surround neurons-in the brain, and it appears there may be a connection between these nets and cognitive processes, particularly learning and memory. Here, we review how the cerebellum is involved in eyeblink conditioning-a particularly well-understood form of learning and memory-and focus on the role of perineuronal nets in intrinsic membrane excitability and synaptic plasticity that underlie eyeblink conditioning. We explore the development and role of perineuronal nets and the in vivo and in vitro evidence that manipulations of the perineuronal net in the deep cerebellar nuclei affect eyeblink conditioning. Together, these findings provide evidence of an important role for perineuronal net in learning and memory.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bernard G Schreurs
- Department of Neuroscience, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV 26505, USA
| | - Deidre E O'Dell
- Department of Biology, Earth and Environmental Sciences, Pennsylvania Western (PennWest) University, California, PA 15419, USA
| | - Desheng Wang
- Department of Neuroscience, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV 26505, USA
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13
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Morphett JC, Whittaker AL, Reichelt AC, Hutchinson MR. Perineuronal net structure as a non-cellular mechanism contributing to affective state: A scoping review. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2024; 158:105568. [PMID: 38309496 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2024.105568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2023] [Revised: 01/25/2024] [Accepted: 01/29/2024] [Indexed: 02/05/2024]
Abstract
Affective state encompasses emotional responses to our physiology and influences how we perceive and respond within our environment. In affective disorders such as depression, cognitive adaptability is challenged, and structural and functional brain changes have been identified. However, an incomplete understanding persists of the molecular and cellular mechanisms at play in affective state. An exciting area of newly appreciated importance is perineuronal nets (PNNs); a specialised component of extracellular matrix playing a critical role in neuroprotection and synaptic plasticity. A scoping review found 24 studies demonstrating that PNNs are still a developing field of research with a promising general trend for stress in adulthood to increase the intensity of PNNs, whereas stress in adolescence reduced (potentially developmentally delayed) PNN numbers and intensity, while antidepressants correlated with reduced PNN numbers. Despite promising trends, limited research underscores the need for further exploration, emphasizing behavioral outcomes for validating affective states. Understanding PNNs' role may offer therapeutic insights for depression and inform biomarker development, advancing precision medicine and enhancing well-being.
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Affiliation(s)
- J C Morphett
- School of Biomedicine, Adelaide Medical School, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Kaurna Country, Australia.
| | - A L Whittaker
- School of Animal and Veterinary Sciences, University of Adelaide, Roseworthy, SA, Australia
| | - A C Reichelt
- School of Biomedicine, Adelaide Medical School, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Kaurna Country, Australia
| | - M R Hutchinson
- School of Biomedicine, Adelaide Medical School, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Kaurna Country, Australia; Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence for Nanoscale BioPhotonics, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia; Davies Livestock Research Centre, University of Adelaide, Roseworthy, SA, Australia
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14
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Fan Z, Gong X, Xu H, Qu Y, Li B, Li L, Yan Y, Wu L, Yan C. Hippocampal parvalbumin and perineuronal nets: Possible involvement in anxiety-like behavior in rats. Hippocampus 2024; 34:156-165. [PMID: 38100162 DOI: 10.1002/hipo.23595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2023] [Revised: 11/26/2023] [Accepted: 12/03/2023] [Indexed: 02/20/2024]
Abstract
The excitatory-inhibitory imbalance has been considered an important mechanism underlying stress-related psychiatric disorders. In the present study, rats were exposed to 6 days of inescapable foot shock (IFS) to induce stress. The open field test and elevated plus maze test showed that IFS-exposed rats exhibited increased anxiety-like behavior. Immunofluorescence showed that IFS rats had a decreased density of GAD67-immunoreactive interneurons in the dorsal hippocampal CA1 region, while no significant change in the density of CaMKIIα-immunoreactive glutamatergic neurons was seen. We investigated the expression of different interneuron subtype markers, including parvalbumin (PV), somatostatin (SST), and calretinin (CR), and noted a marked decline in the density of PV-immunoreactive interneurons in the dorsal CA1 region of IFS rats. The perineuronal net (PNN) is a specialized extracellular matrix structure primarily around PV interneurons. We used Wisteria floribunda agglutinin lectin to label the PNNs and observed that IFS rats had an increased proportion of PNN-coated PV-positive interneurons in CA1. The number of PSD95-positive excitatory synaptic puncta on the soma of PNN-free PV-positive interneurons was significantly higher than that of PNN-coated PV-positive interneurons. Our findings suggest that the effect of IFS on the hippocampal GABAergic interneurons could be cell-type-specific. Loss of PV phenotype in the dorsal hippocampal CA1 region may contribute to anxiety in rats. The dysregulated PV-PNN relationship in CA1 after traumatic stress exposure might represent one of the neurobiological correlates of the observed anxiety-like behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhixin Fan
- Research Center for Basic Integrative Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiayu Gong
- Research Center for Basic Integrative Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hanfang Xu
- Research Center for Basic Integrative Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yue Qu
- Research Center for Basic Integrative Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Bozhi Li
- Research Center for Basic Integrative Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Lanxin Li
- Research Center for Basic Integrative Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yuqi Yan
- Research Center for Basic Integrative Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Lili Wu
- Research Center for Basic Integrative Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Can Yan
- Research Center for Basic Integrative Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
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15
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Xiao J, Huang J, Yolken RH. Elevated matrix Metalloproteinase-9 associated with reduced cerebellar perineuronal nets in female mice with toxoplasmosis. Brain Behav Immun Health 2024; 36:100728. [PMID: 38323226 PMCID: PMC10844038 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbih.2024.100728] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2024] [Accepted: 01/22/2024] [Indexed: 02/08/2024] Open
Abstract
Brain infection by the parasite Toxoplasma gondii is thought to impair learning and memory, although the underlying mechanisms remain largely unknown. Recent studies suggest that perineuronal nets (PNNs) and their key regulator, matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9), have essential roles in synaptic plasticity associated with learning and memory. We investigated their roles in a chronic toxoplasmosis model using female mice. In mice with a high parasite burden of chronic infection, we found that MMP-9 expression was increased in the peripheral circulation and the brain. A correlation was found between the serum levels of MMP-9 and antibodies to the Toxoplasma matrix antigen MAG1, a surrogate marker for Toxoplasma tissue cysts in the brain. MMP-9 elevation was accompanied by increased expression of its endogenous regulators, TIMP-1 and NGAL. An increase in the levels of GSK-3α/β was observed, alongside a decrease in inhibitory GSK-3α/β (Ser-21/Ser-9) phosphorylation. MMP-9 expression was notably associated with the loss of PNNs but increased expression of the synaptic vesicle protein synaptophysin. There was a trend toward a negative correlation between MMP-9 and aggrecan expression, a critical PNN component. Together, these results suggest that chronic Toxoplasma infection can cause an increase in MMP-9 expression, resulting in the degradation of PNNs, which provides a possible mechanism for Toxoplasma-associated deficits in learning and memory.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianchun Xiao
- Stanley Division of Developmental Neurovirology, Department of Pediatrics, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21287, USA
| | - Jing Huang
- Stanley Division of Developmental Neurovirology, Department of Pediatrics, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21287, USA
| | - Robert H. Yolken
- Stanley Division of Developmental Neurovirology, Department of Pediatrics, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21287, USA
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Keskin T, Avsar O, Eliacik S, Uysal Tan F. Investigation of the relationship between ACAN gene VNTR polymorphism and Alzheimer's disease in Turkish population. NUCLEOSIDES, NUCLEOTIDES & NUCLEIC ACIDS 2024:1-10. [PMID: 38340307 DOI: 10.1080/15257770.2024.2311783] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2023] [Accepted: 01/24/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease is one of the most common causes of dementia and is a neurodegenerative disease that occurs with memory loss, loss of language, thinking and problem-solving skills. In this study, it was aimed to reveal the relationship between Alzheimer's disease and the variable number tandem repeat (VNTR) polymorphism in the aggrecan (ACAN) gene. Thus, it is thought that it will contribute to enlightenment about disease by contributing to the pathophysiology of Alzheimer's disease. A total of 203 people, including 102 patients diagnosed with Alzheimer's and 101 healthy individuals, were included in the study. Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) extraction was performed from the blood samples taken. The variable number tandem repeat (VNTR) polymorphism of the ACAN gene was determined using the Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) method. In our study, the 30 R, 31 R and 33 R alleles were the most repetitive alleles in patients and controls. 30 R, 31 R and shorter alleles were more common in patients than in the control group and were found to be statistically significant (p = 0.042). According to our results, 30 R and 31 R alleles of the VNTR polymorphism in the ACAN gene may be associated with Alzheimer's disease. In addition, having less than 30 repeat alleles increases the risk of the disease by 2,202 times. Our study is the first to investigate the relationship between ACAN gene VNTR polymorphism and Alzheimer's disease. Further studies are needed to definitively relate it.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tugba Keskin
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Faculty of Arts and Sciences, Hitit University, Corum, Türkiye
| | - Orcun Avsar
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Faculty of Arts and Sciences, Hitit University, Corum, Türkiye
| | - Sinan Eliacik
- Department of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine, Hitit University, Corum, Türkiye
| | - Funda Uysal Tan
- Department of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine, Hitit University, Corum, Türkiye
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17
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Collado J, Boland L, Ahrendsen JT, Miska J, Lee-Chang C. Understanding the glioblastoma tumor microenvironment: leveraging the extracellular matrix to increase immunotherapy efficacy. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1336476. [PMID: 38380331 PMCID: PMC10876826 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1336476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2023] [Accepted: 01/24/2024] [Indexed: 02/22/2024] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma (GBM) accounts for approximately half of all malignant brain tumors, and it remains lethal with a five-year survival of less than 10%. Despite the immense advancements in the field, it has managed to evade even the most promising therapeutics: immunotherapies. The main reason is the highly spatiotemporally heterogeneous and immunosuppressive GBM tumor microenvironment (TME). Accounting for this complex interplay of TME-driven immunosuppression is key to developing effective therapeutics. This review will explore the immunomodulatory role of the extracellular matrix (ECM) by establishing its contribution to the TME as a key mediator of immune responses in GBM. This relationship will help us elucidate therapeutic targets that can be leveraged to develop and deliver more effective immunotherapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jimena Collado
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Lauren Boland
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, United States
- Department of Pediatrics, Ann and Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital of Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Jared T Ahrendsen
- Department of Pathology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Jason Miska
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, United States
- Lurie Cancer Center, Lou and Jean Malnati Brain Tumor Institute, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Catalina Lee-Chang
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, United States
- Lurie Cancer Center, Lou and Jean Malnati Brain Tumor Institute, Chicago, IL, United States
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18
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Li X, Ren D, Luo B, Liu Z, Li N, Zhou T, Fei E. Perineuronal Nets Alterations Contribute to Stress-Induced Anxiety-Like Behavior. Mol Neurobiol 2024; 61:411-422. [PMID: 37615879 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-023-03596-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2023] [Accepted: 08/16/2023] [Indexed: 08/25/2023]
Abstract
Anxiety disorder is one of the most common mental disorders worldwide, affecting nearly 30% of adults. However, its underlying molecular mechanisms are still unclear. Here we subjected mice to chronic restraint stress (CRS), a paradigm known to induce anxiety-like behavior in mice. CRS mice exhibited anxiety-like behavior and reduced synaptic transmission in the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC). Notably, Wisteria Floribunda agglutinin (WFA) staining showed a reduction of perineuronal nets (PNNs) expression in the mPFC of CRS mice. And the mRNA and protein levels of aggrecan (ACAN), a core component of PNNs, were also reduced. Parallelly, enzymatic digestion of PNNs in the mPFC by injecting Chondroitinase ABC (chABC) resulted in anxiety-like behavior in mice. Fluoxetine (FXT) is a clinically prescribed antidepressant/anxiolytic drug. FXT treatment in CRS mice not only ameliorated their deficits in behavior and synaptic transmissions, but also prevented CRS-induced reduction of PNNs and ACAN expressions. This study demonstrates that proper PNNs level is critical to brain functions, and their decline may serve as a pathological mechanism of anxiety disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xianghe Li
- Queen Mary School of Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330031, China
| | - Dongyan Ren
- Institute of Life Science, Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330031, China
- School of Life Sciences, Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330031, China
| | - Bin Luo
- Institute of Life Science, Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330031, China
| | - Ziyang Liu
- Institute of Life Science, Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330031, China
- School of Life Sciences, Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330031, China
| | - Nuojing Li
- Queen Mary School of Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330031, China
| | - Tian Zhou
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330031, China
| | - Erkang Fei
- Institute of Life Science, Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330031, China.
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19
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Dong Y, Zhao K, Qin X, Du G, Gao L. The mechanisms of perineuronal net abnormalities in contributing aging and neurological diseases. Ageing Res Rev 2023; 92:102092. [PMID: 37839757 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2023.102092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2023] [Revised: 09/29/2023] [Accepted: 10/10/2023] [Indexed: 10/17/2023]
Abstract
The perineuronal net (PNN) is a highly latticed extracellular matrix in the central nervous system, which is composed of hyaluronic acid, proteoglycan, hyaluronan and proteoglycan link protein (Hapln), and tenascin. PNN is predominantly distributed in GABAergic interneurons expressing Parvalbumin (PV) and plays a critical role in synaptic function, learning and memory, oxidative stress, and inflammation. In addition, PNN's structure and function are also modulated by a variety of factors, including protein tyrosine phosphatase σ (PTPσ), orthodenticle homeo-box 2 (Otx2), and erb-b2 receptor tyrosine kinase 4 (ErbB4). Glycosaminoglycan (GAG), a component of proteoglycan, also influences PNN through its sulfate mode. PNN undergoes abnormal changes during aging and in various neurological diseases, such as Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, schizophrenia, autism spectrum disorder, and multiple sclerosis. Nevertheless, there is limited report on the relationship between PNN and aging or age-related neurological diseases. This review elaborates on the mechanisms governing PNN regulation and summarizes how PNN abnormalities contribute to aging and neurological diseases, offering insights for potential treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yixiao Dong
- Modern Research Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine, the Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, China; Key Laboratory of Effective Substances Research and Utilization in TCM of Shanxi Province, Taiyuan, China
| | - Kunkun Zhao
- Modern Research Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine, the Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, China; Key Laboratory of Effective Substances Research and Utilization in TCM of Shanxi Province, Taiyuan, China
| | - Xuemei Qin
- Modern Research Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine, the Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, China; Key Laboratory of Effective Substances Research and Utilization in TCM of Shanxi Province, Taiyuan, China
| | - Guanhua Du
- Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China.
| | - Li Gao
- Modern Research Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine, the Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, China; Key Laboratory of Effective Substances Research and Utilization in TCM of Shanxi Province, Taiyuan, China.
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Almassri LS, Ohl AP, Iafrate MC, Wade AD, Tokar NJ, Mafi AM, Beebe NL, Young JW, Mellott JG. Age-related upregulation of perineuronal nets on inferior collicular cells that project to the cochlear nucleus. Front Aging Neurosci 2023; 15:1271008. [PMID: 38053844 PMCID: PMC10694216 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2023.1271008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2023] [Accepted: 10/26/2023] [Indexed: 12/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Disruptions to the balance of excitation and inhibition in the inferior colliculus (IC) occur during aging and underlie various aspects of hearing loss. Specifically, the age-related alteration to GABAergic neurotransmission in the IC likely contributes to the poorer temporal precision characteristic of presbycusis. Perineuronal nets (PNs), a specialized form of the extracellular matrix, maintain excitatory/inhibitory synaptic environments and reduce structural plasticity. We sought to determine whether PNs increasingly surround cell populations in the aged IC that comprise excitatory descending projections to the cochlear nucleus. Method We combined Wisteria floribunda agglutinin (WFA) staining for PNs with retrograde tract-tracing in three age groups of Fischer Brown Norway (FBN) rats. Results The data demonstrate that the percentage of IC-CN cells with a PN doubles from ~10% at young age to ~20% at old age. This was true in both lemniscal and non-lemniscal IC. Discussion Furthermore, the increase of PNs occurred on IC cells that make both ipsilateral and contralateral descending projections to the CN. These results indicate that reduced structural plasticity in the elderly IC-CN pathway, affecting excitatory/inhibitory balance and, potentially, may lead to reduced temporal precision associated with presbycusis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laila S. Almassri
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Northeast Ohio Medical University, Rootstown, OH, United States
| | - Andrew P. Ohl
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Northeast Ohio Medical University, Rootstown, OH, United States
| | - Milena C. Iafrate
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Northeast Ohio Medical University, Rootstown, OH, United States
- Department of Biological Sciences, Kent State University, Kent, OH, United States
| | - Aidan D. Wade
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Northeast Ohio Medical University, Rootstown, OH, United States
- Department of Biological Sciences, Kent State University, Kent, OH, United States
| | - Nick J. Tokar
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Northeast Ohio Medical University, Rootstown, OH, United States
| | - Amir M. Mafi
- The Ohio State College of Medicine, The Ohio State, Columbus, OH, United States
| | - Nichole L. Beebe
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Northeast Ohio Medical University, Rootstown, OH, United States
| | - Jesse W. Young
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Northeast Ohio Medical University, Rootstown, OH, United States
| | - Jeffrey G. Mellott
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Northeast Ohio Medical University, Rootstown, OH, United States
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21
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Štepánková K, Chudíčková M, Šimková Z, Martinez-Varea N, Kubinová Š, Urdzíková LM, Jendelová P, Kwok JCF. Low oral dose of 4-methylumbelliferone reduces glial scar but is insufficient to induce functional recovery after spinal cord injury. Sci Rep 2023; 13:19183. [PMID: 37932336 PMCID: PMC10628150 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-46539-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2023] [Accepted: 11/02/2023] [Indexed: 11/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Spinal cord injury (SCI) induces the upregulation of chondroitin sulfate proteoglycans (CSPGs) at the glial scar and inhibits neuroregeneration. Under normal physiological condition, CSPGs interact with hyaluronan (HA) and other extracellular matrix on the neuronal surface forming a macromolecular structure called perineuronal nets (PNNs) which regulate neuroplasticity. 4-methylumbelliferone (4-MU) is a known inhibitor for HA synthesis but has not been tested in SCI. We first tested the effect of 4-MU in HA reduction in uninjured rats. After 8 weeks of 4-MU administration at a dose of 1.2 g/kg/day, we have not only observed a reduction of HA in the uninjured spinal cords but also a down-regulation of CS glycosaminoglycans (CS-GAGs). In order to assess the effect of 4-MU in chronic SCI, six weeks after Th8 spinal contusion injury, rats were fed with 4-MU or placebo for 8 weeks in combination with daily treadmill rehabilitation for 16 weeks to promote neuroplasticity. 4-MU treatment reduced the HA synthesis by astrocytes around the lesion site and increased sprouting of 5-hydroxytryptamine fibres into ventral horns. However, the current dose was not sufficient to suppress CS-GAG up-regulation induced by SCI. Further adjustment on the dosage will be required to benefit functional recovery after SCI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kateřina Štepánková
- Institute of Experimental Medicine, Czech Academy of Sciences, Vídeňská, 1083, Prague, Czech Republic.
- Department of Neuroscience, Charles University, Second Faculty of Medicine, 15006, Prague, Czech Republic.
| | - Milada Chudíčková
- Institute of Experimental Medicine, Czech Academy of Sciences, Vídeňská, 1083, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Zuzana Šimková
- Institute of Experimental Medicine, Czech Academy of Sciences, Vídeňská, 1083, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Noelia Martinez-Varea
- Institute of Experimental Medicine, Czech Academy of Sciences, Vídeňská, 1083, Prague, Czech Republic
- Department of Neuroscience, Charles University, Second Faculty of Medicine, 15006, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Šárka Kubinová
- Institute of Experimental Medicine, Czech Academy of Sciences, Vídeňská, 1083, Prague, Czech Republic
- Institute of Physics, Czech Academy of Sciences, 182 21, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Lucia Machová Urdzíková
- Institute of Experimental Medicine, Czech Academy of Sciences, Vídeňská, 1083, Prague, Czech Republic.
- Department of Neuroscience, Charles University, Second Faculty of Medicine, 15006, Prague, Czech Republic.
| | - Pavla Jendelová
- Institute of Experimental Medicine, Czech Academy of Sciences, Vídeňská, 1083, Prague, Czech Republic.
- Department of Neuroscience, Charles University, Second Faculty of Medicine, 15006, Prague, Czech Republic.
| | - Jessica C F Kwok
- Institute of Experimental Medicine, Czech Academy of Sciences, Vídeňská, 1083, Prague, Czech Republic.
- Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Leeds, Leeds, LS2 9JT, UK.
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22
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Smail MA, Smith BL, Shukla R, Alganem K, Eby HM, Bollinger JL, Parikh RK, Chambers JB, Reigle JK, Moloney RD, Nawreen N, Wohleb ES, Pantazopoulos H, McCullumsmith RE, Herman JP. Molecular neurobiology of loss: a role for basolateral amygdala extracellular matrix. Mol Psychiatry 2023; 28:4729-4741. [PMID: 37644175 PMCID: PMC10914625 DOI: 10.1038/s41380-023-02231-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2023] [Revised: 08/01/2023] [Accepted: 08/11/2023] [Indexed: 08/31/2023]
Abstract
Psychological loss is a common experience that erodes well-being and negatively impacts quality of life. The molecular underpinnings of loss are poorly understood. Here, we investigate the mechanisms of loss using an environmental enrichment removal (ER) paradigm in male rats. The basolateral amygdala (BLA) was identified as a region of interest, demonstrating differential Fos responsivity to ER and having an established role in stress processing and adaptation. A comprehensive multi-omics investigation of the BLA, spanning multiple cohorts, platforms, and analyses, revealed alterations in microglia and the extracellular matrix (ECM). Follow-up studies indicated that ER decreased microglia size, complexity, and phagocytosis, suggesting reduced immune surveillance. Loss also substantially increased ECM coverage, specifically targeting perineuronal nets surrounding parvalbumin interneurons, suggesting decreased plasticity and increased inhibition within the BLA following loss. Behavioral analyses suggest that these molecular effects are linked to impaired BLA salience evaluation, leading to a mismatch between stimulus and reaction intensity. These loss-like behaviors could be rescued by depleting BLA ECM during the removal period, helping us understand the mechanisms underlying loss and revealing novel molecular targets to ameliorate its impact.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marissa A Smail
- Department of Pharmacology and Systems Physiology, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, USA.
- Neuroscience Graduate Program, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, USA.
| | - Brittany L Smith
- Department of Pharmacology and Systems Physiology, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Rammohan Shukla
- Department of Neurosciences, University of Toledo, Toledo, OH, USA
| | - Khaled Alganem
- Department of Neurosciences, University of Toledo, Toledo, OH, USA
| | - Hunter M Eby
- Department of Neurosciences, University of Toledo, Toledo, OH, USA
| | - Justin L Bollinger
- Department of Pharmacology and Systems Physiology, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Ria K Parikh
- Department of Pharmacology and Systems Physiology, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - James B Chambers
- Department of Pharmacology and Systems Physiology, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - James K Reigle
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Rachel D Moloney
- School of Pharmacy, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland, UK
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland, UK
- APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland, UK
| | - Nawshaba Nawreen
- Department of Pharmacology and Systems Physiology, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Eric S Wohleb
- Department of Pharmacology and Systems Physiology, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Harry Pantazopoulos
- Department of Neurobiology and Anatomical Sciences, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS, USA
| | - Robert E McCullumsmith
- Department of Neurosciences, University of Toledo, Toledo, OH, USA
- Neurosciences Institute, ProMedica, Toledo, OH, USA
| | - James P Herman
- Department of Pharmacology and Systems Physiology, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, USA
- Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA
- Department of Neurology, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, USA
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23
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Whitebirch AC, Santoro B, Barnett A, Lisgaras CP, Scharfman HE, Siegelbaum SA. Reduced Cholecystokinin-Expressing Interneuron Input Contributes to Disinhibition of the Hippocampal CA2 Region in a Mouse Model of Temporal Lobe Epilepsy. J Neurosci 2023; 43:6930-6949. [PMID: 37643861 PMCID: PMC10573827 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.2091-22.2023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2022] [Revised: 08/04/2023] [Accepted: 08/15/2023] [Indexed: 08/31/2023] Open
Abstract
A significant proportion of temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE) patients experience drug-resistant seizures associated with mesial temporal sclerosis, in which there is extensive cell loss in the hippocampal CA1 and CA3 subfields, with a relative sparing of dentate gyrus granule cells and CA2 pyramidal neurons (PNs). A role for CA2 in seizure generation was suggested based on findings of a reduction in CA2 synaptic inhibition (Williamson and Spencer, 1994) and the presence of interictal-like spike activity in CA2 in resected hippocampal tissue from TLE patients (Wittner et al., 2009). We recently found that in the pilocarpine-induced status epilepticus (PILO-SE) mouse model of TLE there was an increase in CA2 intrinsic excitability associated with a loss of CA2 synaptic inhibition. Furthermore, chemogenetic silencing of CA2 significantly reduced seizure frequency, consistent with a role of CA2 in promoting seizure generation and/or propagation (Whitebirch et al., 2022). In the present study, we explored the cellular basis of this inhibitory deficit using immunohistochemical and electrophysiological approaches in PILO-SE male and female mice. We report a widespread decrease in the density of pro-cholecystokinin-immunopositive (CCK+) interneurons and a functional impairment of CCK+ interneuron-mediated inhibition of CA2 PNs. We also found a disruption in the perisomatic perineuronal net in the CA2 stratum pyramidale. Such pathologic alterations may contribute to an enhanced excitation of CA2 PNs and CA2-dependent seizure activity in the PILO-SE mouse model.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT Impaired synaptic inhibition in hippocampal circuits has been identified as a key feature that contributes to the emergence and propagation of seizure activity in human patients and animal models of temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE). Among the hippocampal subfields, the CA2 region is particularly resilient to seizure-associated neurodegeneration and has been suggested to play a key role in seizure activity in TLE. Here we report that perisomatic inhibition of CA2 pyramidal neurons mediated by cholecystokinin-expressing interneurons is selectively reduced in acute hippocampal slices from epileptic mice. Parvalbumin-expressing interneurons, in contrast, appear relatively conserved in epileptic mice. These findings advance our understanding of the cellular mechanisms underlying inhibitory disruption in hippocampal circuits in a mouse model of spontaneous recurring seizures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander C Whitebirch
- Departments of Neuroscience and Pharmacology, Kavli Institute for Brain Science, Mortimer B. Zuckerman Mind Brain Behavior Institute, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, New York 10027
| | - Bina Santoro
- Departments of Neuroscience and Pharmacology, Kavli Institute for Brain Science, Mortimer B. Zuckerman Mind Brain Behavior Institute, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, New York 10027
| | - Anastasia Barnett
- Departments of Neuroscience and Pharmacology, Kavli Institute for Brain Science, Mortimer B. Zuckerman Mind Brain Behavior Institute, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, New York 10027
| | - Christos Panagiotis Lisgaras
- Department of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry, New York University Langone Health, New York, New York 10016
- Department of Neuroscience & Physiology, New York University Langone Health, New York, New York 10016
- Department of Psychiatry, New York University Langone Health, New York, New York 10016
- The Nathan S. Kline Institute for Psychiatric Research, Orangeburg, New York 10962
| | - Helen E Scharfman
- Department of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry, New York University Langone Health, New York, New York 10016
- Department of Neuroscience & Physiology, New York University Langone Health, New York, New York 10016
- Department of Psychiatry, New York University Langone Health, New York, New York 10016
- The Nathan S. Kline Institute for Psychiatric Research, Orangeburg, New York 10962
| | - Steven A Siegelbaum
- Departments of Neuroscience and Pharmacology, Kavli Institute for Brain Science, Mortimer B. Zuckerman Mind Brain Behavior Institute, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, New York 10027
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24
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Rahmani R, Rambarack N, Singh J, Constanti A, Ali AB. Age-Dependent Sex Differences in Perineuronal Nets in an APP Mouse Model of Alzheimer's Disease Are Brain Region-Specific. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:14917. [PMID: 37834366 PMCID: PMC10574007 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241914917] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2023] [Revised: 09/25/2023] [Accepted: 09/28/2023] [Indexed: 10/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most common form of dementia, which disproportionately affects women. AD symptoms include progressive memory loss associated with amyloid-β (Aβ) plaques and dismantled synaptic mechanisms. Perineuronal nets (PNNs) are important components of the extracellular matrix with a critical role in synaptic stabilisation and have been shown to be influenced by microglia, which enter an activated state during AD. This study aimed to investigate whether sex differences affected the density of PNNs alongside the labelling of microglia and Aβ plaques density.We performed neurochemistry experiments using acute brain slices from both sexes of the APPNL-F/NL-F mouse model of AD, aged-matched (2-5 and 12-16 months) to wild-type mice, combined with a weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA). The lateral entorhinal cortex (LEC) and hippocampal CA1, which are vulnerable during early AD pathology, were investigated and compared to the presubiculum (PRS), a region unscathed by AD pathology. The highest density of PNNs was found in the LEC and PRS regions of aged APPNL-F/NL-F mice with a region-specific sex differences. Analysis of the CA1 region using multiplex-fluorescent images from aged APPNL-F/NL-F mice showed regions of dense Aβ plaques near clusters of CD68, indicative of activated microglia and PNNs. This was consistent with the results of WGCNA performed on normalised data on microglial cells isolated from age-matched, late-stage male and female wild-type and APP knock-in mice, which revealed one microglial module that showed differential expression associated with tissue, age, genotype, and sex, which showed enrichment for fc-receptor-mediated phagocytosis. Our data are consistent with the hypothesis that sex-related differences contribute to a disrupted interaction between PNNs and microglia in specific brain regions associated with AD pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Afia B. Ali
- UCL School of Pharmacy, University College London, 29-39 Brunswick Square, London WC1N 1AX, UK; (R.R.); (N.R.); (J.S.); (A.C.)
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25
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Carceller H, Gramuntell Y, Klimczak P, Nacher J. Perineuronal Nets: Subtle Structures with Large Implications. Neuroscientist 2023; 29:569-590. [PMID: 35872660 DOI: 10.1177/10738584221106346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/25/2023]
Abstract
Perineuronal nets (PNNs) are specialized structures of the extracellular matrix that surround the soma and proximal dendrites of certain neurons in the central nervous system, particularly parvalbumin-expressing interneurons. Their appearance overlaps the maturation of neuronal circuits and the closure of critical periods in different regions of the brain, setting their connectivity and abruptly reducing their plasticity. As a consequence, the digestion of PNNs, as well as the removal or manipulation of their components, leads to a boost in this plasticity and can play a key role in the functional recovery from different insults and in the etiopathology of certain neurologic and psychiatric disorders. Here we review the structure, composition, and distribution of PNNs and their variation throughout the evolutive scale. We also discuss methodological approaches to study these structures. The function of PNNs during neurodevelopment and adulthood is discussed, as well as the influence of intrinsic and extrinsic factors on these specialized regions of the extracellular matrix. Finally, we review current data on alterations in PNNs described in diseases of the central nervous system (CNS), focusing on psychiatric disorders. Together, all the data available point to the PNNs as a promising target to understand the physiology and pathologic conditions of the CNS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Héctor Carceller
- Neurobiology Unit, Institute for Biotechnology and Biomedicine (BIOTECMED), University of Valencia, Spain
- CIBERSAM, Spanish National Network for Research in Mental Health, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- Biomedical Imaging Unit FISABIO-CIPF, Fundación para el Fomento de la Investigación Sanitaria y Biomédica de la Comunidad Valenciana, Valencia, Spain
| | - Yaiza Gramuntell
- Neurobiology Unit, Institute for Biotechnology and Biomedicine (BIOTECMED), University of Valencia, Spain
| | - Patrycja Klimczak
- Neurobiology Unit, Institute for Biotechnology and Biomedicine (BIOTECMED), University of Valencia, Spain
- CIBERSAM, Spanish National Network for Research in Mental Health, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Juan Nacher
- Neurobiology Unit, Institute for Biotechnology and Biomedicine (BIOTECMED), University of Valencia, Spain
- CIBERSAM, Spanish National Network for Research in Mental Health, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- Fundación Investigación Hospital Clínico de Valencia, INCLIVA, Valencia, Spain
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26
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Zhang Y, Guo Z, Yang L, Cheng C, Gai C, Gao Y, Zhang Y, Sun H, Hu D. Possible Involvement of Perineuronal Nets in Anti-Depressant Effects of Electroacupuncture in Chronic-Stress-Induced Depression in Rats. Neurochem Res 2023; 48:3146-3159. [PMID: 37347359 DOI: 10.1007/s11064-023-03970-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2022] [Revised: 05/29/2023] [Accepted: 06/12/2023] [Indexed: 06/23/2023]
Abstract
Acupuncture can alleviate depression-like behaviors. However, the neural mechanisms behind the anti-depressive effect remain unknown. Perineuronal net (PNN) abnormalities have been reported in multiple psychiatric disorders. This study investigated the modulation and neural mechanism of PNNs in the anti-depressant process of electroacupuncture (EA) at Baihui (GV20) and Yintang (GV29) points. A rat depression model was induced by chronic unpredicted mild stress (CUMS). The results revealed that CUMS, applied for four weeks, specifically reduces PNNs around parvalbumin (PV). In addition, EA and fluoxetine treatments reverse the decrease in PNNs+ cell density and the ratio of PV and PNN double-positive cells to PV+ neurons in the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) after CUMS. Furthermore, EA treatment can reverse the decrease in the protein expression of PNN components (aggrecan and brevican) in the mPFC caused by stress. After EA treatment, the decreased expression of GAD67, GLuA1, and PSD95 in the mPFC induced by CUMS for four weeks was also reversed. PNN degradation in mPFC brain areas potentially interferes with the anti-depressant benefits of EA in rats with depression induced by CUMS. EA treatment did not increase PNNs+ cell density and the ratio of PV and PNN double-positive cells to PV+ neurons after PNNs degradation in the mPFC brain region of rats. This finding indicated that the mechanism of acupuncture's anti-depressant effect may be based on reversing the CUMS-induced decline in PNN expression, the functional impairment of γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) neurons, and the regulation of excitatory synaptic proteins expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuxin Zhang
- Department of Anatomy, School of Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
- Institute of Metabolic Diseases, Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Zhenyu Guo
- Department of Anatomy, School of Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Luping Yang
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Cuicui Cheng
- Department of Anatomy, School of Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Cong Gai
- Department of Anatomy, School of Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Yushan Gao
- Department of Anatomy, School of Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Yi Zhang
- Department of Anatomy, School of Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Hongmei Sun
- Department of Anatomy, School of Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Die Hu
- Department of Anatomy, School of Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China.
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27
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Melrose J. Hyaluronan hydrates and compartmentalises the CNS/PNS extracellular matrix and provides niche environments conducive to the optimisation of neuronal activity. J Neurochem 2023; 166:637-653. [PMID: 37492973 DOI: 10.1111/jnc.15915] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2023] [Revised: 06/27/2023] [Accepted: 07/03/2023] [Indexed: 07/27/2023]
Abstract
The central nervous system/peripheral nervous system (CNS/PNS) extracellular matrix is a dynamic and highly interactive space-filling, cell-supportive, matrix-stabilising, hydrating entity that creates and maintains tissue compartments to facilitate regional ionic micro-environments and micro-gradients that promote optimal neural cellular activity. The CNS/PNS does not contain large supportive collagenous and elastic fibrillar networks but is dominated by a high glycosaminoglycan content, predominantly hyaluronan (HA) and collagen is restricted to the brain microvasculature, blood-brain barrier, neuromuscular junction and meninges dura, arachnoid and pia mater. Chondroitin sulphate-rich proteoglycans (lecticans) interactive with HA have stabilising roles in perineuronal nets and contribute to neural plasticity, memory and cognitive processes. Hyaluronan also interacts with sialoproteoglycan associated with cones and rods (SPACRCAN) to stabilise the interphotoreceptor matrix and has protective properties that ensure photoreceptor viability and function is maintained. HA also regulates myelination/re-myelination in neural networks. HA fragmentation has been observed in white matter injury, multiple sclerosis, and traumatic brain injury. HA fragments (2 × 105 Da) regulate oligodendrocyte precursor cell maturation, myelination/remyelination, and interact with TLR4 to initiate signalling cascades that mediate myelin basic protein transcription. HA and its fragments have regulatory roles over myelination which ensure high axonal neurotransduction rates are maintained in neural networks. Glioma is a particularly invasive brain tumour with extremely high mortality rates. HA, CD44 and RHAMM (receptor for HA-mediated motility) HA receptors are highly expressed in this tumour. Conventional anti-glioma drug treatments have been largely ineffective and surgical removal is normally not an option. CD44 and RHAMM glioma HA receptors can potentially be used to target gliomas with PEP-1, a cell-penetrating HA-binding peptide. PEP-1 can be conjugated to a therapeutic drug; such drug conjugates have successfully treated dense non-operative tumours in other tissues, therefore similar applications warrant exploration as potential anti-glioma treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- James Melrose
- Raymond Purves Bone and Joint Research Laboratory, Kolling Institute, Northern Sydney Local Health District, St. Leonards, New South Wales, Australia
- Graduate School of Biomedical Engineering, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- Sydney Medical School, Northern, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, New South Wales, Australia
- Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Royal North Shore Hospital, St. Leonards, New South Wales, Australia
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28
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Moreno-Jiménez EP, Flor-García M, Hernández-Vivanco A, Terreros-Roncal J, Rodríguez-Moreno CB, Toni N, Méndez P, Llorens-Martín M. GSK-3β orchestrates the inhibitory innervation of adult-born dentate granule cells in vivo. Cell Mol Life Sci 2023; 80:225. [PMID: 37481766 PMCID: PMC10363517 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-023-04874-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2023] [Revised: 06/30/2023] [Accepted: 07/12/2023] [Indexed: 07/25/2023]
Abstract
Adult hippocampal neurogenesis enhances brain plasticity and contributes to the cognitive reserve during aging. Adult hippocampal neurogenesis is impaired in neurological disorders, yet the molecular mechanisms regulating the maturation and synaptic integration of new neurons have not been fully elucidated. GABA is a master regulator of adult and developmental neurogenesis. Here we engineered a novel retrovirus encoding the fusion protein Gephyrin:GFP to longitudinally study the formation and maturation of inhibitory synapses during adult hippocampal neurogenesis in vivo. Our data reveal the early assembly of inhibitory postsynaptic densities at 1 week of cell age. Glycogen synthase kinase 3 Beta (GSK-3β) emerges as a key regulator of inhibitory synapse formation and maturation during adult hippocampal neurogenesis. GSK-3β-overexpressing newborn neurons show an increased number and altered size of Gephyrin+ postsynaptic clusters, enhanced miniature inhibitory postsynaptic currents, shorter and distanced axon initial segments, reduced synaptic output at the CA3 and CA2 hippocampal regions, and impaired pattern separation. Moreover, GSK-3β overexpression triggers a depletion of Parvalbumin+ interneuron perineuronal nets. These alterations might be relevant in the context of neurological diseases in which the activity of GSK-3β is dysregulated.
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Affiliation(s)
- E P Moreno-Jiménez
- Department of Molecular Neuropathology, Centro de Biología Molecular Severo Ochoa (CBMSO), Spanish Research Council (CSIC), Universidad Autónoma de Madrid (UAM) (Campus de Cantoblanco), c/Nicolás Cabrera 1, 28049, Madrid, Spain
- Center for Networked Biomedical Research on Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIBERNED), Madrid, Spain
- Department of Molecular Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - M Flor-García
- Department of Molecular Neuropathology, Centro de Biología Molecular Severo Ochoa (CBMSO), Spanish Research Council (CSIC), Universidad Autónoma de Madrid (UAM) (Campus de Cantoblanco), c/Nicolás Cabrera 1, 28049, Madrid, Spain
- Center for Networked Biomedical Research on Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIBERNED), Madrid, Spain
- Department of Molecular Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | | | - J Terreros-Roncal
- Department of Molecular Neuropathology, Centro de Biología Molecular Severo Ochoa (CBMSO), Spanish Research Council (CSIC), Universidad Autónoma de Madrid (UAM) (Campus de Cantoblanco), c/Nicolás Cabrera 1, 28049, Madrid, Spain
- Center for Networked Biomedical Research on Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIBERNED), Madrid, Spain
- Department of Molecular Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - C B Rodríguez-Moreno
- Department of Molecular Neuropathology, Centro de Biología Molecular Severo Ochoa (CBMSO), Spanish Research Council (CSIC), Universidad Autónoma de Madrid (UAM) (Campus de Cantoblanco), c/Nicolás Cabrera 1, 28049, Madrid, Spain
- Center for Networked Biomedical Research on Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIBERNED), Madrid, Spain
- Department of Molecular Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - N Toni
- Department of Psychiatry, Center for Psychiatric Neurosciences, , Lausanne University Hospital (CHUV) and University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - P Méndez
- Cajal Institute, CSIC, Madrid, Spain
| | - María Llorens-Martín
- Department of Molecular Neuropathology, Centro de Biología Molecular Severo Ochoa (CBMSO), Spanish Research Council (CSIC), Universidad Autónoma de Madrid (UAM) (Campus de Cantoblanco), c/Nicolás Cabrera 1, 28049, Madrid, Spain.
- Center for Networked Biomedical Research on Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIBERNED), Madrid, Spain.
- Department of Molecular Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain.
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29
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Bradberry MM, Peters-Clarke TM, Shishkova E, Chapman ER, Coon JJ. N-glycoproteomics of brain synapses and synaptic vesicles. Cell Rep 2023; 42:112368. [PMID: 37036808 PMCID: PMC10560701 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2023.112368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2022] [Revised: 01/13/2023] [Accepted: 03/23/2023] [Indexed: 04/11/2023] Open
Abstract
At mammalian neuronal synapses, synaptic vesicle (SV) glycoproteins are essential for robust neurotransmission. Asparagine (N)-linked glycosylation is required for delivery of the major SV glycoproteins synaptophysin and SV2A to SVs. Despite this key role for N-glycosylation, the molecular compositions of SV N-glycans are largely unknown. In this study, we combined organelle isolation techniques and high-resolution mass spectrometry to characterize N-glycosylation at synapses and SVs from mouse brain. Detecting over 2,500 unique glycopeptides, we found that SVs harbor a distinct population of oligomannose and highly fucosylated N-glycans. Using complementary fluorescence methods, we identify at least one highly fucosylated N-glycan enriched in SVs compared with synaptosomes. High fucosylation was characteristic of SV proteins, plasma membrane proteins, and cell adhesion molecules with key roles in synaptic function and development. Our results define the N-glycoproteome of a specialized neuronal organelle and inform timely questions in the glycobiology of synaptic pruning and neuroinflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mazdak M Bradberry
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA; Department of Biomolecular Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA; National Center for Quantitative Biology of Complex Systems, Madison, WI 53706, USA; Howard Hughes Medical Institute and Department of Neuroscience, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI 53705, USA; Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA.
| | - Trenton M Peters-Clarke
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA; Department of Biomolecular Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA; National Center for Quantitative Biology of Complex Systems, Madison, WI 53706, USA
| | - Evgenia Shishkova
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA; Department of Biomolecular Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA; National Center for Quantitative Biology of Complex Systems, Madison, WI 53706, USA
| | - Edwin R Chapman
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute and Department of Neuroscience, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI 53705, USA
| | - Joshua J Coon
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA; Department of Biomolecular Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA; National Center for Quantitative Biology of Complex Systems, Madison, WI 53706, USA; Morgridge Institute for Research, Madison, WI 53715, USA
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30
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Liu L, Zhang Y, Men S, Li X, Hou ST, Ju J. Elimination of perineuronal nets in CA1 disrupts GABA release and long-term contextual fear memory retention. Hippocampus 2023. [PMID: 36709413 DOI: 10.1002/hipo.23503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2022] [Revised: 12/19/2022] [Accepted: 01/11/2023] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
Perineuronal nets (PNNs) which mostly surround the parvalbumin (PV) neurons, have been shown to play critical roles in neural plasticity. Recently, PNNs have been shown to regulate fear-associated memory, but the molecular mechanism is still unclear. In this study, we found that removal of PNNs in vivo using chondroitinase ABC (ChABC) injection resulted in reduced firing rate of PV neurons and decreased inhibitory synaptic transmission in both PV neurons and excitatory neurons in the CA1 hippocampus. Interestingly, altered synaptic transmission appears to be mediated by presynaptic changes. Furthermore, ChABC treatment disrupts long-term contextual fear memory retention. These results suggest PNNs might alter fear memory by reducing the presynaptic GABA release.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luping Liu
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.,School of Chemical Biology and Biotechnology, Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School, Shenzhen, China
| | - Yujie Zhang
- The Pediatric Neurology, Shenzhen Children's Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Siqi Men
- Brain Research Centre and Department of Biology, School of Life Sciences, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, China
| | - Xuanyi Li
- Brain Research Centre and Department of Biology, School of Life Sciences, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, China
| | - Sheng-Tao Hou
- Brain Research Centre and Department of Biology, School of Life Sciences, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, China
| | - Jun Ju
- Brain Research Centre and Department of Biology, School of Life Sciences, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, China
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HS, an Ancient Molecular Recognition and Information Storage Glycosaminoglycan, Equips HS-Proteoglycans with Diverse Matrix and Cell-Interactive Properties Operative in Tissue Development and Tissue Function in Health and Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24021148. [PMID: 36674659 PMCID: PMC9867265 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24021148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2022] [Revised: 12/23/2022] [Accepted: 12/27/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Heparan sulfate is a ubiquitous, variably sulfated interactive glycosaminoglycan that consists of repeating disaccharides of glucuronic acid and glucosamine that are subject to a number of modifications (acetylation, de-acetylation, epimerization, sulfation). Variable heparan sulfate chain lengths and sequences within the heparan sulfate chains provide structural diversity generating interactive oligosaccharide binding motifs with a diverse range of extracellular ligands and cellular receptors providing instructional cues over cellular behaviour and tissue homeostasis through the regulation of essential physiological processes in development, health, and disease. heparan sulfate and heparan sulfate-PGs are integral components of the specialized glycocalyx surrounding cells. Heparan sulfate is the most heterogeneous glycosaminoglycan, in terms of its sequence and biosynthetic modifications making it a difficult molecule to fully characterize, multiple ligands also make an elucidation of heparan sulfate functional properties complicated. Spatio-temporal presentation of heparan sulfate sulfate groups is an important functional determinant in tissue development and in cellular control of wound healing and extracellular remodelling in pathological tissues. The regulatory properties of heparan sulfate are mediated via interactions with chemokines, chemokine receptors, growth factors and morphogens in cell proliferation, differentiation, development, tissue remodelling, wound healing, immune regulation, inflammation, and tumour development. A greater understanding of these HS interactive processes will improve therapeutic procedures and prognoses. Advances in glycosaminoglycan synthesis and sequencing, computational analytical carbohydrate algorithms and advanced software for the evaluation of molecular docking of heparan sulfate with its molecular partners are now available. These advanced analytic techniques and artificial intelligence offer predictive capability in the elucidation of heparan sulfate conformational effects on heparan sulfate-ligand interactions significantly aiding heparan sulfate therapeutics development.
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Tran The J, Magistretti PJ, Ansermet F. The critical periods of cerebral plasticity: A key aspect in a dialog between psychoanalysis and neuroscience centered on the psychopathology of schizophrenia. Front Mol Neurosci 2022; 15:1057539. [PMID: 36590919 PMCID: PMC9795046 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2022.1057539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2022] [Accepted: 11/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Through research into the molecular and cellular mechanisms that occur during critical periods, recent experimental neurobiological data have brought to light the importance of early childhood. These have demonstrated that childhood and early environmental stimuli play a part not only in our subjective construction, but also in brain development; thus, confirming Freud's intuition regarding the central role of childhood and early experiences of the environment in our psychological development and our subjective outcomes. "Critical periods" of cerebral development represent temporal windows that mark favorable, but also circumscribed, moments in developmental cerebral plasticity. They also vary between different cortical areas. There are, therefore, strictly defined temporal periods for learning language, music, etc., after which this learning becomes more difficult, or even impossible, to acquire. Now, research into these critical periods can be seen as having a significant part to play in the interdisciplinary dialog between psychoanalysis and neurosciences with regard to the role of early experiences in the etiology of some psychopathological conditions. Research into the cellular and molecular mechanisms controlling the onset and end of these critical periods, notably controlled by the maturation of parvalbumin-expressing basket cells, have brought to light the presence of anomalies in the maturation of these neurons in patients with schizophrenia. Starting from these findings we propose revisiting the psychoanalytic theories on the etiology of psychosis from an interdisciplinary perspective. Our study works from the observation, common to both psychoanalysis and neurosciences, that experience leaves a trace; be it a "psychic" or a "synaptic" trace. Thus, we develop a hypothesis for an "absence of trace" in psychosis; reexamining psychosis through the prism of the biological theory of critical periods in plasticity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica Tran The
- INSERM U1077 Neuropsychologie et Imagerie de la Mémoire Humaine, Caen, France,Ecole Pratique des Hautes Etudes, Université Paris Sciences et Lettres, Paris, France,UFR de Psychologie, Université de Caen Normandie, Caen, France,Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Caen, Caen, France,Cyceron, Caen, France,Agalma Foundation Geneva, Chemin des Mines, Switzerland,*Correspondence: Jessica Tran The,
| | - Pierre J. Magistretti
- Agalma Foundation Geneva, Chemin des Mines, Switzerland,Brain Mind Institute, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland,Division of Biological and Environmental Sciences and Engineering (BESE), King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal, Saudi Arabia
| | - Francois Ansermet
- Agalma Foundation Geneva, Chemin des Mines, Switzerland,Département de Psychiatrie, Faculté de Médecine, Université de Genève, Geneva, Switzerland
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Ruzicka J, Dalecka M, Safrankova K, Peretti D, Jendelova P, Kwok JCF, Fawcett JW. Perineuronal nets affect memory and learning after synapse withdrawal. Transl Psychiatry 2022; 12:480. [PMID: 36379919 PMCID: PMC9666654 DOI: 10.1038/s41398-022-02226-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2022] [Revised: 09/08/2022] [Accepted: 10/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Perineuronal nets (PNNs) enwrap mature neurons, playing a role in the control of plasticity and synapse dynamics. PNNs have been shown to have effects on memory formation, retention and extinction in a variety of animal models. It has been proposed that the cavities in PNNs, which contain synapses, can act as a memory store and that they remain stable after events that cause synaptic withdrawal such as anoxia or hibernation. We examine this idea by monitoring place memory before and after synaptic withdrawal caused by acute hibernation-like state (HLS). Animals lacking hippocampal PNNs due to enzymatic digestion by chondroitinase ABC or knockout of the PNN component aggrecan were compared with wild type controls. HLS-induced synapse withdrawal caused a memory deficit, but not to the level of untreated naïve animals and not worsened by PNN attenuation. After HLS, only animals lacking PNNs showed memory restoration or relearning. Absence of PNNs affected the restoration of excitatory synapses on PNN-bearing neurons. The results support a role for hippocampal PNNs in learning, but not in long-term memory storage for correction of deficits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiri Ruzicka
- grid.424967.a0000 0004 0404 6946Institute of Experimental Medicine, CAS, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Marketa Dalecka
- grid.418095.10000 0001 1015 3316Imaging Methods Core Facility, BIOCEV, CAS, Vestec, Czech Republic
| | - Kristyna Safrankova
- grid.424967.a0000 0004 0404 6946Institute of Experimental Medicine, CAS, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Diego Peretti
- grid.5335.00000000121885934UK Dementia Research Institute and Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Pavla Jendelova
- grid.424967.a0000 0004 0404 6946Institute of Experimental Medicine, CAS, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Jessica C. F. Kwok
- grid.424967.a0000 0004 0404 6946Institute of Experimental Medicine, CAS, Prague, Czech Republic ,grid.9909.90000 0004 1936 8403Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
| | - James W. Fawcett
- grid.424967.a0000 0004 0404 6946Institute of Experimental Medicine, CAS, Prague, Czech Republic ,grid.5335.00000000121885934John van Geest Centre for Brain Repair, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
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John U, Patro N, Patro I. Perineuronal nets: Cruise from a honeycomb to the safety nets. Brain Res Bull 2022; 190:179-194. [DOI: 10.1016/j.brainresbull.2022.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2022] [Revised: 09/17/2022] [Accepted: 10/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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35
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Tewari BP, Chaunsali L, Prim CE, Sontheimer H. A glial perspective on the extracellular matrix and perineuronal net remodeling in the central nervous system. Front Cell Neurosci 2022; 16:1022754. [PMID: 36339816 PMCID: PMC9630365 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2022.1022754] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2022] [Accepted: 09/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
A structural scaffold embedding brain cells and vasculature is known as extracellular matrix (ECM). The physical appearance of ECM in the central nervous system (CNS) ranges from a diffused, homogeneous, amorphous, and nearly omnipresent matrix to highly organized distinct morphologies such as basement membranes and perineuronal nets (PNNs). ECM changes its composition and organization during development, adulthood, aging, and in several CNS pathologies. This spatiotemporal dynamic nature of the ECM and PNNs brings a unique versatility to their functions spanning from neurogenesis, cell migration and differentiation, axonal growth, and pathfinding cues, etc., in the developing brain, to stabilizing synapses, neuromodulation, and being an active partner of tetrapartite synapses in the adult brain. The malleability of ECM and PNNs is governed by both intrinsic and extrinsic factors. Glial cells are among the major extrinsic factors that facilitate the remodeling of ECM and PNN, thereby acting as key regulators of diverse functions of ECM and PNN in health and diseases. In this review, we discuss recent advances in our understanding of PNNs and how glial cells are central to ECM and PNN remodeling in normal and pathological states of the CNS.
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Lépine M, Douceau S, Devienne G, Prunotto P, Lenoir S, Regnauld C, Pouettre E, Piquet J, Lebouvier L, Hommet Y, Maubert E, Agin V, Lambolez B, Cauli B, Ali C, Vivien D. Parvalbumin interneuron-derived tissue-type plasminogen activator shapes perineuronal net structure. BMC Biol 2022; 20:218. [PMID: 36199089 PMCID: PMC9535866 DOI: 10.1186/s12915-022-01419-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2021] [Accepted: 09/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Perineuronal nets (PNNs) are specialized extracellular matrix structures mainly found around fast-spiking parvalbumin (FS-PV) interneurons. In the adult, their degradation alters FS-PV-driven functions, such as brain plasticity and memory, and altered PNN structures have been found in neurodevelopmental and central nervous system disorders such as Alzheimer’s disease, leading to interest in identifying targets able to modify or participate in PNN metabolism. The serine protease tissue-type plasminogen activator (tPA) plays multifaceted roles in brain pathophysiology. However, its cellular expression profile in the brain remains unclear and a possible role in matrix plasticity through PNN remodeling has never been investigated. Result By combining a GFP reporter approach, immunohistology, electrophysiology, and single-cell RT-PCR, we discovered that cortical FS-PV interneurons are a source of tPA in vivo. We found that mice specifically lacking tPA in FS-PV interneurons display denser PNNs in the somatosensory cortex, suggesting a role for tPA from FS-PV interneurons in PNN remodeling. In vitro analyses in primary cultures of mouse interneurons also showed that tPA converts plasminogen into active plasmin, which in turn, directly degrades aggrecan, a major structural chondroitin sulfate proteoglycan (CSPG) in PNNs. Conclusions We demonstrate that tPA released from FS-PV interneurons in the central nervous system reduces PNN density through CSPG degradation. The discovery of this tPA-dependent PNN remodeling opens interesting insights into the control of brain plasticity. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12915-022-01419-8.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthieu Lépine
- Normandie Univ, UNICAEN, INSERM, INSERM UMR-S U1237, Physiopathology and Imaging of Neurological Disorders, Institut Blood and Brain @ Caen Normandie, Cyceron, Bd Becquerel, BP 5229-14074, 14000, Caen, France
| | - Sara Douceau
- Normandie Univ, UNICAEN, INSERM, INSERM UMR-S U1237, Physiopathology and Imaging of Neurological Disorders, Institut Blood and Brain @ Caen Normandie, Cyceron, Bd Becquerel, BP 5229-14074, 14000, Caen, France
| | - Gabrielle Devienne
- Neuroscience Paris Seine - Institut de Biologie Paris Seine (NPS - IBPS), Sorbonne Université UM119, CNRS UMR8246, INSERM U1130, 75005, Paris, France
| | - Paul Prunotto
- Normandie Univ, UNICAEN, INSERM, INSERM UMR-S U1237, Physiopathology and Imaging of Neurological Disorders, Institut Blood and Brain @ Caen Normandie, Cyceron, Bd Becquerel, BP 5229-14074, 14000, Caen, France
| | - Sophie Lenoir
- Normandie Univ, UNICAEN, INSERM, INSERM UMR-S U1237, Physiopathology and Imaging of Neurological Disorders, Institut Blood and Brain @ Caen Normandie, Cyceron, Bd Becquerel, BP 5229-14074, 14000, Caen, France
| | - Caroline Regnauld
- Normandie Univ, UNICAEN, INSERM, INSERM UMR-S U1237, Physiopathology and Imaging of Neurological Disorders, Institut Blood and Brain @ Caen Normandie, Cyceron, Bd Becquerel, BP 5229-14074, 14000, Caen, France
| | - Elsa Pouettre
- Normandie Univ, UNICAEN, INSERM, INSERM UMR-S U1237, Physiopathology and Imaging of Neurological Disorders, Institut Blood and Brain @ Caen Normandie, Cyceron, Bd Becquerel, BP 5229-14074, 14000, Caen, France
| | - Juliette Piquet
- Neuroscience Paris Seine - Institut de Biologie Paris Seine (NPS - IBPS), Sorbonne Université UM119, CNRS UMR8246, INSERM U1130, 75005, Paris, France
| | - Laurent Lebouvier
- Normandie Univ, UNICAEN, INSERM, INSERM UMR-S U1237, Physiopathology and Imaging of Neurological Disorders, Institut Blood and Brain @ Caen Normandie, Cyceron, Bd Becquerel, BP 5229-14074, 14000, Caen, France
| | - Yannick Hommet
- Normandie Univ, UNICAEN, INSERM, INSERM UMR-S U1237, Physiopathology and Imaging of Neurological Disorders, Institut Blood and Brain @ Caen Normandie, Cyceron, Bd Becquerel, BP 5229-14074, 14000, Caen, France
| | - Eric Maubert
- Normandie Univ, UNICAEN, INSERM, INSERM UMR-S U1237, Physiopathology and Imaging of Neurological Disorders, Institut Blood and Brain @ Caen Normandie, Cyceron, Bd Becquerel, BP 5229-14074, 14000, Caen, France
| | - Véronique Agin
- Normandie Univ, UNICAEN, INSERM, INSERM UMR-S U1237, Physiopathology and Imaging of Neurological Disorders, Institut Blood and Brain @ Caen Normandie, Cyceron, Bd Becquerel, BP 5229-14074, 14000, Caen, France
| | - Bertrand Lambolez
- Neuroscience Paris Seine - Institut de Biologie Paris Seine (NPS - IBPS), Sorbonne Université UM119, CNRS UMR8246, INSERM U1130, 75005, Paris, France
| | - Bruno Cauli
- Neuroscience Paris Seine - Institut de Biologie Paris Seine (NPS - IBPS), Sorbonne Université UM119, CNRS UMR8246, INSERM U1130, 75005, Paris, France
| | - Carine Ali
- Normandie Univ, UNICAEN, INSERM, INSERM UMR-S U1237, Physiopathology and Imaging of Neurological Disorders, Institut Blood and Brain @ Caen Normandie, Cyceron, Bd Becquerel, BP 5229-14074, 14000, Caen, France.
| | - Denis Vivien
- Department of clinical research, CHU de Caen Normandie, Caen, France
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Altered Extracellular Matrix as an Alternative Risk Factor for Epileptogenicity in Brain Tumors. Biomedicines 2022; 10:biomedicines10102475. [PMID: 36289737 PMCID: PMC9599244 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10102475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2022] [Revised: 09/23/2022] [Accepted: 09/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Seizures are one of the most common symptoms of brain tumors. The incidence of seizures differs among brain tumor type, grade, location and size, but paediatric-type diffuse low-grade gliomas/glioneuronal tumors are often highly epileptogenic. The extracellular matrix (ECM) is known to play a role in epileptogenesis and tumorigenesis because it is involved in the (re)modelling of neuronal connections and cell-cell signaling. In this review, we discuss the epileptogenicity of brain tumors with a focus on tumor type, location, genetics and the role of the extracellular matrix. In addition to functional problems, epileptogenic tumors can lead to increased morbidity and mortality, stigmatization and life-long care. The health advantages can be major if the epileptogenic properties of brain tumors are better understood. Surgical resection is the most common treatment of epilepsy-associated tumors, but post-surgery seizure-freedom is not always achieved. Therefore, we also discuss potential novel therapies aiming to restore ECM function.
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Liu L, Zhang Y, Ju J. Removal of perineuronal nets leads to altered neuronal excitability and synaptic transmission in the visual cortex with distinct time courses. Neurosci Lett 2022; 785:136763. [PMID: 35760385 DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2022.136763] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2022] [Revised: 05/30/2022] [Accepted: 06/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Parvalbumin-expressing (PV) interneurons fast inhibit excitatory neurons in various brain areas. Perineuronal nets (PNNs), accumulating around PV neurons, have been shown to play critical roles in neuronal function and plasticity. The cellular mechanisms underlying their functions are still in debate, for example, do PNNs contribute significantly to the excitability of inhibitory neurons especially those containing PV? On the other hand, whether PNNs have significant contributions to synaptic transmission of PV neurons is much less unknown. In this study, we designed experiments to address these questions and found that removing PNNs in vivo using chondroitinase ABC (ChABC) led to distinct changes in neuronal excitability and synaptic transmission, depending on the duration of ChABC treatment. The results showed 7 days after ChABC treatment reduced both intrinsic excitability of PV neurons and synaptic transmission to both PV neurons and excitatory neurons in the primary visual cortex. However, 1 day after ChABC treatment digested PNNs effectively but had no effects on intrinsic excitability and synaptic transmission. These results suggest the contribution of PNNs to neuronal excitability and synaptic transmission depends on different time courses of ChABC digestion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luping Liu
- School of Chemical Biology and Biotechnology, Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School, Shenzhen, China; School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, NT, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Yujie Zhang
- The Pediatric Neurology, Shenzhen Children's Hospital, Shenzhen, 518038, China
| | - Jun Ju
- Brain Research Centre and Department of Biology, School of Life Sciences, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, China.
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Tu L, Fukuda M, Tong Q, Xu Y. The ventromedial hypothalamic nucleus: watchdog of whole-body glucose homeostasis. Cell Biosci 2022; 12:71. [PMID: 35619170 PMCID: PMC9134642 DOI: 10.1186/s13578-022-00799-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2021] [Accepted: 04/25/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The brain, particularly the ventromedial hypothalamic nucleus (VMH), has been long known for its involvement in glucose sensing and whole-body glucose homeostasis. However, it is still not fully understood how the brain detects and responds to the changes in the circulating glucose levels, as well as brain-body coordinated control of glucose homeostasis. In this review, we address the growing evidence implicating the brain in glucose homeostasis, especially in the contexts of hypoglycemia and diabetes. In addition to neurons, we emphasize the potential roles played by non-neuronal cells, as well as extracellular matrix in the hypothalamus in whole-body glucose homeostasis. Further, we review the ionic mechanisms by which glucose-sensing neurons sense fluctuations of ambient glucose levels. We also introduce the significant implications of heterogeneous neurons in the VMH upon glucose sensing and whole-body glucose homeostasis, in which sex difference is also addressed. Meanwhile, research gaps have also been identified, which necessities further mechanistic studies in future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Longlong Tu
- USDA/ARS Children's Nutrition Research Center, Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, 1100 Bates Street #8066, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Makoto Fukuda
- USDA/ARS Children's Nutrition Research Center, Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, 1100 Bates Street #8066, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Qingchun Tong
- Brown Foundation Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Yong Xu
- USDA/ARS Children's Nutrition Research Center, Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, 1100 Bates Street #8066, Houston, TX, 77030, USA.
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, 77030, USA.
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Scarlett JM, Hu SJ, Alonge KM. The "Loss" of Perineuronal Nets in Alzheimer's Disease: Missing or Hiding in Plain Sight? Front Integr Neurosci 2022; 16:896400. [PMID: 35694184 PMCID: PMC9174696 DOI: 10.3389/fnint.2022.896400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2022] [Accepted: 05/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Perineuronal nets (PNNs) are chondroitin-sulfate glycosaminoglycan (CS-GAG) containing extracellular matrix structures that assemble around neurons involved in learning, memory, and cognition. Owing to the unique patterning of negative charges stemming from sulfate modifications to the attached CS-GAGs, these matrices play key roles in mediating glycan-protein binding, signaling interactions, and charged ion buffering of the underlying circuitry. Histochemical loss of PNN matrices has been reported for a range of neurocognitive and neurodegenerative diseases, implying that PNNs might be a key player in the pathogenesis of neurological disorders. In this hypothesis and theory article, we begin by highlighting PNN changes observed in human postmortem brain tissue associated with Alzheimer's disease (AD) and corresponding changes reported in rodent models of AD neuropathology. We then discuss the technical limitations surrounding traditional methods for PNN analyses and propose alternative explanations to these historical findings. Lastly, we embark on a global re-evaluation of the interpretations for PNN changes across brain regions, across species, and in relation to other neurocognitive disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jarrad M Scarlett
- Department of Medicine, University of Washington Medicine Diabetes Institute, Seattle, WA, United States
- Department of Pediatric Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Seattle Children's Hospital, Seattle, WA, United States
| | - Shannon J Hu
- Department of Medicine, University of Washington Medicine Diabetes Institute, Seattle, WA, United States
| | - Kimberly M Alonge
- Department of Medicine, University of Washington Medicine Diabetes Institute, Seattle, WA, United States
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Gibel-Russo R, Benacom D, Di Nardo AA. Non-Cell-Autonomous Factors Implicated in Parvalbumin Interneuron Maturation and Critical Periods. Front Neural Circuits 2022; 16:875873. [PMID: 35601531 PMCID: PMC9115720 DOI: 10.3389/fncir.2022.875873] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2022] [Accepted: 04/04/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
From birth to adolescence, the brain adapts to its environmental stimuli through structural and functional remodeling of neural circuits during critical periods of heightened plasticity. They occur across modalities for proper sensory, motor, linguistic, and cognitive development. If they are disrupted by early-life adverse experiences or genetic deficiencies, lasting consequences include behavioral changes, physiological and cognitive deficits, or psychiatric illness. Critical period timing is orchestrated not only by appropriate neural activity but also by a multitude of signals that participate in the maturation of fast-spiking parvalbumin interneurons and the consolidation of neural circuits. In this review, we describe the various signaling factors that initiate critical period onset, such as BDNF, SPARCL1, or OTX2, which originate either from local neurons or glial cells or from extracortical sources such as the choroid plexus. Critical period closure is established by signals that modulate extracellular matrix and myelination, while timing and plasticity can also be influenced by circadian rhythms and by hormones and corticosteroids that affect brain oxidative stress levels or immune response. Molecular outcomes include lasting epigenetic changes which themselves can be considered signals that shape downstream cross-modal critical periods. Comprehensive knowledge of how these signals and signaling factors interplay to influence neural mechanisms will help provide an inclusive perspective on the effects of early adversity and developmental defects that permanently change perception and behavior.
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Härtig W, Meinicke A, Michalski D, Schob S, Jäger C. Update on Perineuronal Net Staining With Wisteria floribunda Agglutinin (WFA). Front Integr Neurosci 2022; 16:851988. [PMID: 35431825 PMCID: PMC9011100 DOI: 10.3389/fnint.2022.851988] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2022] [Accepted: 02/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
As chemically specialized forms of the extracellular matrix in the central nervous system, polyanionic perineuronal nets (PNs) contain diverse constituents, including chondroitin sulfate proteoglycans (CSPGs), hyaluronic acid, and tenascins. They are detectable by various histological approaches such as colloidal iron binding and immunohistochemical staining to reveal, for instance, the CSPGs aggrecan, neurocan, phosphacan, and versican. Moreover, biotin, peroxidase, or fluorescein conjugates of the lectins Vicia villosa agglutinin and soybean agglutinin enable the visualization of PNs. At present, the N-acetylgalactosamine-binding Wisteria floribunda agglutinin (WFA) is the most widely applied marker for PNs. Therefore, this article is largely focused on methodological aspects of WFA staining. Notably, fluorescent WFA labeling allows, after its conversion into electron-dense adducts, electron microscopic analyses. Furthermore, the usefulness of WFA conjugates for the oftentimes neglected in vivo and in vitro labeling of PNs is emphasized. Subsequently, we discuss impaired WFA-staining sites after long-lasting experiments in vitro, especially in autoptic brain samples with long postmortem delay and partial enzymatic degradation, while immunolabeling of aggrecan and CSPG link proteins under such conditions has proven more robust. In some hippocampal regions from perfusion-fixed mice, more PNs are aggrecan immunoreactive than WFA positive, whereas the retrosplenial cortex displays many WFA-binding PNs devoid of visible aggrecan immunoreactivity. Additional multiple fluorescence labeling exemplarily revealed in ischemic tissue diminished staining of WFA-binding sites and aquaporin 4 and concomitantly upregulated immunolabeling of neurofilament, light chains, and collagen IV. Finally, we briefly discuss possible future staining approaches based on nanobodies to facilitate novel technologies revealing details of net morphology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wolfgang Härtig
- Paul Flechsig Institute for Brain Research, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
- *Correspondence: Wolfgang Härtig,
| | - Anton Meinicke
- Paul Flechsig Institute for Brain Research, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | | | - Stefan Schob
- Department of Neuroradiology, Clinic and Policlinic of Radiology, University Hospital Halle, Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Carsten Jäger
- Paul Flechsig Institute for Brain Research, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
- Department of Neurophysics, Max Planck Institute for Human Cognitive and Brain Sciences, Leipzig, Germany
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Schmidt S, Holzer M, Arendt T, Sonntag M, Morawski M. Tau Protein Modulates Perineuronal Extracellular Matrix Expression in the TauP301L-acan Mouse Model. Biomolecules 2022; 12:biom12040505. [PMID: 35454094 PMCID: PMC9027016 DOI: 10.3390/biom12040505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2022] [Revised: 03/21/2022] [Accepted: 03/24/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Tau mutations promote the formation of tau oligomers and filaments, which are neuropathological signs of several tau-associated dementias. Types of neurons in the CNS are spared of tau pathology and are surrounded by a specialized form of extracellular matrix; called perineuronal nets (PNs). Aggrecan, the major PN proteoglycans, is suggested to mediate PNs neuroprotective function by forming an external shield preventing the internalization of misfolded tau. We recently demonstrated a correlation between aggrecan amount and the expression and phosphorylation of tau in a TauP310L-acan mouse model, generated by crossbreeding heterozygous aggrecan mice with a significant reduction of aggrecan and homozygous TauP301L mice. Neurodegenerative processes have been associated with changes of PN structure and protein signature. In this study, we hypothesized that the structure and protein expression of PNs in this TauP310L-acan mouse is regulated by tau. Immunohistochemical and biochemical analyses demonstrate that protein levels of PN components differ between TauP301LHET-acanWT and TauP301LHET-acanHET mice, accompanied by changes in the expression of protein phosphatase 2 A. In addition, tau can modulate PN components such as brevican. Co-immunoprecipitation experiments revealed a physical connection between PN components and tau. These data demonstrate a complex, mutual interrelation of tau and the proteoglycans of the PN.
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Sultana R, Brooks CB, Shrestha A, Ogundele OM, Lee CC. Perineuronal Nets in the Prefrontal Cortex of a Schizophrenia Mouse Model: Assessment of Neuroanatomical, Electrophysiological, and Behavioral Contributions. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:11140. [PMID: 34681799 PMCID: PMC8538055 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222011140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2021] [Revised: 10/06/2021] [Accepted: 10/11/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Schizophrenia is a neurodevelopmental disorder whose etiopathogenesis includes changes in cellular as well as extracellular structures. Perineuronal nets (PNNs) associated with parvalbumin-positive interneurons (PVs) in the prefrontal cortex (PFC) are dysregulated in schizophrenia. However, the postnatal development of these structures along with their associated neurons in the PFC is unexplored, as is their effects on behavior and neural activity. Therefore, in this study, we employed a DISC1 (Disruption in Schizophrenia) mutation mouse model of schizophrenia to assess these developmental changes and tested whether enzymatic digestion of PNNs in the PFC affected schizophrenia-like behaviors and neural activity. Developmentally, we found that the normal formation of PNNs, PVs, and colocalization of these two in the PFC, peaked around PND 22 (postnatal day 22). However, in DISC1, mutation animals from PND 0 to PND 60, both PNNs and PVs were significantly reduced. After enzymatic digestion of PNNs with chondroitinase in adult animals, the behavioral pattern of control animals mimicked that of DISC1 mutation animals, exhibiting reduced sociability, novelty and increased ultrasonic vocalizations, while there was very little change in other behaviors, such as working memory (Y-maze task involving medial temporal lobe) or depression-like behavior (tail-suspension test involving processing via the hypothalamic pituitary adrenal (HPA) axis). Moreover, following chondroitinase treatment, electrophysiological recordings from the PFC exhibited a reduced proportion of spontaneous, high-frequency firing neurons, and an increased proportion of irregularly firing neurons, with increased spike count and reduced inter-spike intervals in control animals. These results support the proposition that the aberrant development of PNNs and PVs affects normal neural operations in the PFC and contributes to the emergence of some of the behavioral phenotypes observed in the DISC1 mutation model of schizophrenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Razia Sultana
- Department of Comparative Biomedical Sciences, LSU School of Veterinary Medicine, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, USA; (C.B.B.); (A.S.); (O.M.O.)
| | | | | | | | - Charles Chulsoo Lee
- Department of Comparative Biomedical Sciences, LSU School of Veterinary Medicine, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, USA; (C.B.B.); (A.S.); (O.M.O.)
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Klimczak P, Rizzo A, Castillo-Gómez E, Perez-Rando M, Gramuntell Y, Beltran M, Nacher J. Parvalbumin Interneurons and Perineuronal Nets in the Hippocampus and Retrosplenial Cortex of Adult Male Mice After Early Social Isolation Stress and Perinatal NMDA Receptor Antagonist Treatment. Front Synaptic Neurosci 2021; 13:733989. [PMID: 34630066 PMCID: PMC8493248 DOI: 10.3389/fnsyn.2021.733989] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2021] [Accepted: 08/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Both early life aversive experiences and intrinsic alterations in early postnatal neurodevelopment are considered predisposing factors for psychiatric disorders, such as schizophrenia. The prefrontal cortex and the hippocampus have protracted postnatal development and are affected in schizophrenic patients. Interestingly, similar alterations have been observed in the retrosplenial cortex (RSC). Studies in patients and animal models of schizophrenia have found alterations in cortical parvalbumin (PV) expressing interneurons, making them good candidates to study the etiopathology of this disorder. Some of the alterations observed in PV+ interneurons may be mediated by perineuronal nets (PNNs), specialized regions of the extracellular matrix, which frequently surround these inhibitory neurons. In this study, we have used a double hit model (DHM) combining a single perinatal injection of an NMDAR antagonist (MK801) to disturb early postnatal development and post-weaning social isolation as an early life aversive experience. We have investigated PV expressing interneurons and PNNs in the hippocampus and the RSC of adult male mice, using unbiased stereology. In the CA1, but not in the CA3 region, of the hippocampus, the number of PNNs and PV + PNN+ cells was affected by the drug treatment, and a significant decrease of these parameters was observed in the groups of animals that received MK801. The percentage of PNNs surrounding PV+ cells was significantly decreased after treatment in both hippocampal regions; however, the impact of isolation was observed only in CA1, where isolated animals presented lower percentages. In the RSC, we observed significant effects of isolation, MK801 and the interaction of both interventions on the studied parameters; in the DHM, we observed a significantly lower number of PV+, PNNs, and PV+PNN+cells when compared to control mice. Similar significant decreases were observed for the groups of animals that were just isolated or treated with MK801. To our knowledge, this is the first report on such alterations in the RSC in an animal model combining neurodevelopmental alterations and aversive experiences during infancy/adolescence. These results show the impact of early-life events on different cortical regions, especially on the structure and plasticity of PV+ neurons and their involvement in the emergence of certain psychiatric disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrycja Klimczak
- Neurobiology Unit, Program in Neurosciences and Institute of Biotechnology and Biomedicine (BIOTECMED), Universitat de València, Burjassot, Spain.,Spanish National Network for Research in Mental Health, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), Madrid, Spain
| | - Arianna Rizzo
- Neurobiology Unit, Program in Neurosciences and Institute of Biotechnology and Biomedicine (BIOTECMED), Universitat de València, Burjassot, Spain
| | - Esther Castillo-Gómez
- Neurobiology Unit, Program in Neurosciences and Institute of Biotechnology and Biomedicine (BIOTECMED), Universitat de València, Burjassot, Spain.,Spanish National Network for Research in Mental Health, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), Madrid, Spain.,Fundación Investigación Hospital Clínico de Valencia, INCLIVA, Valencia, Spain
| | - Marta Perez-Rando
- Neurobiology Unit, Program in Neurosciences and Institute of Biotechnology and Biomedicine (BIOTECMED), Universitat de València, Burjassot, Spain.,Spanish National Network for Research in Mental Health, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), Madrid, Spain.,Fundación Investigación Hospital Clínico de Valencia, INCLIVA, Valencia, Spain
| | - Yaiza Gramuntell
- Neurobiology Unit, Program in Neurosciences and Institute of Biotechnology and Biomedicine (BIOTECMED), Universitat de València, Burjassot, Spain
| | - Marc Beltran
- Neurobiology Unit, Program in Neurosciences and Institute of Biotechnology and Biomedicine (BIOTECMED), Universitat de València, Burjassot, Spain
| | - Juan Nacher
- Neurobiology Unit, Program in Neurosciences and Institute of Biotechnology and Biomedicine (BIOTECMED), Universitat de València, Burjassot, Spain.,Spanish National Network for Research in Mental Health, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), Madrid, Spain.,Fundación Investigación Hospital Clínico de Valencia, INCLIVA, Valencia, Spain
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46
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Schob S, Puchta J, Winter K, Michalski D, Mages B, Martens H, Emmer A, Hoffmann KT, Gaunitz F, Meinicke A, Krause M, Härtig W. Surfactant protein C is associated with perineuronal nets and shows age-dependent changes of brain content and hippocampal deposits in wildtype and 3xTg mice. J Chem Neuroanat 2021; 118:102036. [PMID: 34626771 DOI: 10.1016/j.jchemneu.2021.102036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2021] [Revised: 09/24/2021] [Accepted: 09/24/2021] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Surfactant protein C (SP-C) modulates cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) rheology. During ageing, its declining levels are accompanied by an increased burden of white matter lesions. Pulmonary SP-C intermediates harbouring the BRICHOS-domain prevent protein misfolding in the lungs. Thus, cerebral SP-C intermediates may counteract cerebral β-amyloidosis, a hallmark of Alzheimer's disease (AD). However, data on the molecular neuroanatomy of SP-C and its alterations in wildtype and triple transgenic (3xTg) mice, featuring essential elements of AD-neuropathology, are lacking. Therefore, this study investigated SP-C-containing structures in murine forebrains and their spatial relationships with vascular, glial and neuronal components of the neurovascular unit. Fluorescence labelling demonstrated neuronal SP-C in the medial habenula, the indusium griseum and the hippocampus. Glial counterstaining elucidated astrocytes in the corpus callosum co-expressing SP-C and S100β. Notably, perineuronal nets were associated with SP-C in the nucleus reticularis thalami, the lateral hypothalamus and the retrosplenial cortex. In the hippocampus of aged 3xTg mice, an increased number of dot-like depositions containing SP-C and Reelin, but devoid of BRICHOS-immunoreactivity were observed apart from AD-like lesions. Wildtype and 3xTg mice revealed an age-dependent increase of such deposits markedly pronounced in about 24-month-old 3xTg mice. SP-C levels of the intracellular and extracellular compartments in each group revealed an inverse correlation of SP-C and Reelin, with reduced SP-C and increased Reelin in an age-dependent fashion especially in 3xTg mice. Taken together, extracellular SP-C, as modulator of glymphatic clearance and potential ligand of PNs, declines in 3xTg mice, which show an accumulation of extracellular Reelin depositions during ageing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefan Schob
- Department of Neuroradiology, Clinic and Policlinic of Radiology, University Hospital Halle, Ernst-Grube-Str. 40, 06120 Halle/Saale, Germany.
| | - Joana Puchta
- Paul Flechsig Institute for Brain Research, University of Leipzig, Liebigstr.19, 04103 Leipzig, Germany; Institute of Neuroradiology, University of Leipzig, Liebigstr. 20, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Karsten Winter
- Institute for Anatomy, University of Leipzig, Liebigstr. 13, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Dominik Michalski
- Department of Neurology, University of Leipzig, Liebigstr. 13, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Bianca Mages
- Institute for Anatomy, University of Leipzig, Liebigstr. 13, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Henrik Martens
- Synaptic Systems GmbH, Rudolf-Wissell-Str. 28a, 37079 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Alexander Emmer
- Department of Neurology, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Ernst-Grube-Str. 40, 06120 Halle/Saale, Germany
| | - Karl-Titus Hoffmann
- Institute of Neuroradiology, University of Leipzig, Liebigstr. 20, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Frank Gaunitz
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Leipzig, Liebigstr. 20, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Anton Meinicke
- Paul Flechsig Institute for Brain Research, University of Leipzig, Liebigstr.19, 04103 Leipzig, Germany; Institute of Neuroradiology, University of Leipzig, Liebigstr. 20, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Matthias Krause
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Leipzig, Liebigstr. 20, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Wolfgang Härtig
- Paul Flechsig Institute for Brain Research, University of Leipzig, Liebigstr.19, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
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47
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Sun Y, Xu S, Jiang M, Liu X, Yang L, Bai Z, Yang Q. Role of the Extracellular Matrix in Alzheimer's Disease. Front Aging Neurosci 2021; 13:707466. [PMID: 34512308 PMCID: PMC8430252 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2021.707466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2021] [Accepted: 08/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative disease with complex pathological characteristics, whose etiology and pathogenesis are still unclear. Over the past few decades, the role of the extracellular matrix (ECM) has gained importance in neurodegenerative disease. In this review, we describe the role of the ECM in AD, focusing on the aspects of synaptic transmission, amyloid-β-plaque generation and degradation, Tau-protein production, oxidative-stress response, and inflammatory response. The function of ECM in the pathological process of AD will inform future research on the etiology and pathogenesis of AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yahan Sun
- College of Life Sciences and Research Center for Resource Peptide Drugs, Shaanxi Engineering and Technological Research Center for Conversation and Utilization of Regional Biological Resources, Yanan University, Yanan, China
| | - Sen Xu
- College of Life Sciences and Research Center for Resource Peptide Drugs, Shaanxi Engineering and Technological Research Center for Conversation and Utilization of Regional Biological Resources, Yanan University, Yanan, China
| | - Ming Jiang
- College of Life Sciences and Research Center for Resource Peptide Drugs, Shaanxi Engineering and Technological Research Center for Conversation and Utilization of Regional Biological Resources, Yanan University, Yanan, China
| | - Xia Liu
- College of Life Sciences and Research Center for Resource Peptide Drugs, Shaanxi Engineering and Technological Research Center for Conversation and Utilization of Regional Biological Resources, Yanan University, Yanan, China
| | - Liang Yang
- College of Life Sciences and Research Center for Resource Peptide Drugs, Shaanxi Engineering and Technological Research Center for Conversation and Utilization of Regional Biological Resources, Yanan University, Yanan, China
| | - Zhantao Bai
- College of Life Sciences and Research Center for Resource Peptide Drugs, Shaanxi Engineering and Technological Research Center for Conversation and Utilization of Regional Biological Resources, Yanan University, Yanan, China
| | - Qinghu Yang
- College of Life Sciences and Research Center for Resource Peptide Drugs, Shaanxi Engineering and Technological Research Center for Conversation and Utilization of Regional Biological Resources, Yanan University, Yanan, China
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48
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Pérez Y, Bonet R, Corredor M, Domingo C, Moure A, Messeguer À, Bujons J, Alfonso I. Semaphorin 3A-Glycosaminoglycans Interaction as Therapeutic Target for Axonal Regeneration. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2021; 14:ph14090906. [PMID: 34577606 PMCID: PMC8465649 DOI: 10.3390/ph14090906] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2021] [Revised: 08/30/2021] [Accepted: 09/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Semaphorin 3A (Sema3A) is a cell-secreted protein that participates in the axonal guidance pathways. Sema3A acts as a canonical repulsive axon guidance molecule, inhibiting CNS regenerative axonal growth and propagation. Therefore, interfering with Sema3A signaling is proposed as a therapeutic target for achieving functional recovery after CNS injuries. It has been shown that Sema3A adheres to the proteoglycan component of the extracellular matrix (ECM) and selectively binds to heparin and chondroitin sulfate-E (CS-E) glycosaminoglycans (GAGs). We hypothesize that the biologically relevant interaction between Sema3A and GAGs takes place at Sema3A C-terminal polybasic region (SCT). The aims of this study were to characterize the interaction of the whole Sema3A C-terminal polybasic region (Sema3A 725–771) with GAGs and to investigate the disruption of this interaction by small molecules. Recombinant Sema3A basic domain was produced and we used a combination of biophysical techniques (NMR, SPR, and heparin affinity chromatography) to gain insight into the interaction of the Sema3A C-terminal domain with GAGs. The results demonstrate that SCT is an intrinsically disordered region, which confirms that SCT binds to GAGs and helps to identify the specific residues involved in the interaction. NMR studies, supported by molecular dynamics simulations, show that a new peptoid molecule (CSIC02) may disrupt the interaction between SCT and heparin. Our structural study paves the way toward the design of new molecules targeting these protein–GAG interactions with potential therapeutic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yolanda Pérez
- NMR Facility, Institute for Advanced Chemistry of Catalonia (IQAC-CSIC), Jordi Girona 18-26, 08034 Barcelona, Spain
- Correspondence: (Y.P.); (I.A.)
| | - Roman Bonet
- Department of Biological Chemistry, Institute for Advanced Chemistry of Catalonia (IQAC-CSIC), Jordi Girona 18-26, 08034 Barcelona, Spain; (R.B.); (M.C.); (C.D.); (A.M.); (À.M.); (J.B.)
| | - Miriam Corredor
- Department of Biological Chemistry, Institute for Advanced Chemistry of Catalonia (IQAC-CSIC), Jordi Girona 18-26, 08034 Barcelona, Spain; (R.B.); (M.C.); (C.D.); (A.M.); (À.M.); (J.B.)
| | - Cecilia Domingo
- Department of Biological Chemistry, Institute for Advanced Chemistry of Catalonia (IQAC-CSIC), Jordi Girona 18-26, 08034 Barcelona, Spain; (R.B.); (M.C.); (C.D.); (A.M.); (À.M.); (J.B.)
| | - Alejandra Moure
- Department of Biological Chemistry, Institute for Advanced Chemistry of Catalonia (IQAC-CSIC), Jordi Girona 18-26, 08034 Barcelona, Spain; (R.B.); (M.C.); (C.D.); (A.M.); (À.M.); (J.B.)
| | - Àngel Messeguer
- Department of Biological Chemistry, Institute for Advanced Chemistry of Catalonia (IQAC-CSIC), Jordi Girona 18-26, 08034 Barcelona, Spain; (R.B.); (M.C.); (C.D.); (A.M.); (À.M.); (J.B.)
| | - Jordi Bujons
- Department of Biological Chemistry, Institute for Advanced Chemistry of Catalonia (IQAC-CSIC), Jordi Girona 18-26, 08034 Barcelona, Spain; (R.B.); (M.C.); (C.D.); (A.M.); (À.M.); (J.B.)
| | - Ignacio Alfonso
- Department of Biological Chemistry, Institute for Advanced Chemistry of Catalonia (IQAC-CSIC), Jordi Girona 18-26, 08034 Barcelona, Spain; (R.B.); (M.C.); (C.D.); (A.M.); (À.M.); (J.B.)
- Correspondence: (Y.P.); (I.A.)
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49
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Logsdon AF, Francis KL, Richardson NE, Hu SJ, Faber CL, Phan BA, Nguyen V, Setthavongsack N, Banks WA, Woltjer RL, Keene CD, Latimer CS, Schwartz MW, Scarlett JM, Alonge KM. Decoding perineuronal net glycan sulfation patterns in the Alzheimer's disease brain. Alzheimers Dement 2021; 18:942-954. [PMID: 34482642 DOI: 10.1002/alz.12451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2021] [Revised: 07/20/2021] [Accepted: 07/22/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
The extracellular matrix (ECM) of the brain comprises unique glycan "sulfation codes" that influence neurological function. Perineuronal nets (PNNs) are chondroitin sulfate-glycosaminoglycan (CS-GAG) containing matrices that enmesh neural networks involved in memory and cognition, and loss of PNN matrices is reported in patients with neurocognitive and neuropsychiatric disorders including Alzheimer's disease (AD). Using liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS), we show that patients with a clinical diagnosis of AD-related dementia undergo a re-coding of their PNN-associated CS-GAGs that correlates to Braak stage progression, hyperphosphorylated tau (p-tau) accumulation, and cognitive impairment. As these CS-GAG sulfation changes are detectable prior to the regional onset of classical AD pathology, they may contribute to the initiation and/or progression of the underlying degenerative processes and implicate the brain matrix sulfation code as a key player in the development of AD clinicopathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aric F Logsdon
- Geriatric Research Education and Clinical Center (GRECC), Veterans Affairs Puget Sound Health Care System, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA.,Division of Gerontology and Geriatric Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Kendra L Francis
- University of Washington Medicine Diabetes Institute, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA.,Department of Pediatric Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Seattle Children's Hospital, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Nicole E Richardson
- University of Washington Medicine Diabetes Institute, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Shannon J Hu
- University of Washington Medicine Diabetes Institute, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Chelsea L Faber
- University of Washington Medicine Diabetes Institute, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Bao Anh Phan
- University of Washington Medicine Diabetes Institute, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Vy Nguyen
- Department of Pathology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon, USA
| | - Naly Setthavongsack
- Department of Pathology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon, USA
| | - William A Banks
- Geriatric Research Education and Clinical Center (GRECC), Veterans Affairs Puget Sound Health Care System, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA.,Division of Gerontology and Geriatric Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Randy L Woltjer
- Department of Pathology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon, USA
| | - C Dirk Keene
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Caitlin S Latimer
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Michael W Schwartz
- University of Washington Medicine Diabetes Institute, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Jarrad M Scarlett
- University of Washington Medicine Diabetes Institute, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA.,Department of Pediatric Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Seattle Children's Hospital, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Kimberly M Alonge
- University of Washington Medicine Diabetes Institute, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
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50
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Mafi AM, Russ MG, Hofer LN, Pham VQ, Young JW, Mellott JG. Inferior collicular cells that project to the auditory thalamus are increasingly surrounded by perineuronal nets with age. Neurobiol Aging 2021; 105:1-15. [PMID: 34004491 PMCID: PMC8338758 DOI: 10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2021.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2020] [Revised: 03/30/2021] [Accepted: 04/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The age-related loss of GABA in the inferior colliculus (IC) likely plays a role in the development of age-related hearing loss. Perineuronal nets (PNs), specialized aggregates of extracellular matrix, increase with age in the IC. PNs, associated with GABAergic neurotransmission, can stabilize synapses and inhibit structural plasticity. We sought to determine whether PN expression increased on GABAergic and non-GABAergic IC cells that project to the medial geniculate body (MG). We used retrograde tract-tracing in combination with immunohistochemistry for glutamic acid decarboxylase and Wisteria floribunda agglutinin across three age groups of Fischer Brown Norway rats. Results demonstrate that PNs increase with age on lemniscal and non-lemniscal IC-MG cells, however two key differences exist. First, PNs increased on non-lemniscal IC-MG cells during middle-age, but not until old age on lemniscal IC-MG cells. Second, increases of PNs on lemniscal IC-MG cells occurred on non-GABAergic cells rather than on GABAergic cells. These results suggest that synaptic stabilization and reduced plasticity likely occur at different ages on a subset of the IC-MG pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amir M Mafi
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Northeast Ohio Medical University, Rootstown, OH USA
| | - Matthew G Russ
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Northeast Ohio Medical University, Rootstown, OH USA
| | - Lindsay N Hofer
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Northeast Ohio Medical University, Rootstown, OH USA
| | - Vincent Q Pham
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Northeast Ohio Medical University, Rootstown, OH USA
| | - Jesse W Young
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Northeast Ohio Medical University, Rootstown, OH USA
| | - Jeffrey G Mellott
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Northeast Ohio Medical University, Rootstown, OH USA.
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