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Giollabhui NM, Slaney C, Hemani G, Foley E, van der Most P, Nolte I, Snieder H, Davey Smith G, Khandaker G, Hartman C. Role of Inflammation in Depressive and Anxiety Disorders, Affect, and Cognition: Genetic and Non-Genetic Findings in the Lifelines Cohort Study. RESEARCH SQUARE 2024:rs.3.rs-4379779. [PMID: 39149475 PMCID: PMC11326402 DOI: 10.21203/rs.3.rs-4379779/v1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/17/2024]
Abstract
Inflammation is associated with a range of neuropsychiatric symptoms; however, the nature of the causal relationship is unclear. We used complementary non-genetic, genetic risk score (GRS), and Mendelian randomization (MR) analyses to examine whether inflammatory markers are associated with affect, depressive and anxiety disorders, and cognition. We tested in ≈ 55,098 (59% female) individuals from the Dutch Lifelines cohort the concurrent/prospective associations of C-reactive protein (CRP) with: depressive and anxiety disorders; positive/negative affect; and attention, psychomotor speed, episodic memory, and executive functioning. Additionally, we examined the association between inflammatory GRSs (CRP, interleukin-6 [IL-6], IL-6 receptor [IL-6R and soluble IL-6R (sIL-6R)], glycoprotein acetyls [GlycA]) on these same outcomes (Nmax=57,946), followed by MR analysis examining evidence of causality of CRP on outcomes (Nmax=23,268). In non-genetic analyses, higher CRP was associated with a depressive disorder, lower positive/higher negative affect, and worse executive function, attention, and psychomotor speed after adjusting for potential confounders. In genetic analyses, CRPgrs was associated with any anxiety disorder (β = 0.002, p = 0.037) whereas GlycAGRS was associated with major depressive disorder (β = 0.001, p = 0.036). Both CRPgrs (β = 0.006, p = 0.035) and GlycAGRS (β = 0.006, p = 0.049) were associated with greater negative affect. Inflammatory GRSs were not associated with cognition, except slL-6RGRS which was associated with poorer memory (β=-0.009, p = 0.018). There was weak evidence for a CRP-anxiety association using MR (β = 0.12; p = 0.054). Genetic and non-genetic analyses provide consistent evidence for an association between CRP and negative affect. These results suggest that dysregulated immune physiology may impact a broad range of trans-diagnostic affective symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Ilja Nolte
- University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen
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Alimujiang A, Strecher V, McLean K, Mondul AM, Pearce CL, Mukherjee B. Decomposing the association of psychosocial wellbeing with all-cause mortality: the mediating role of physical health and lifestyle factors. Soc Psychiatry Psychiatr Epidemiol 2024:10.1007/s00127-024-02717-y. [PMID: 39044017 DOI: 10.1007/s00127-024-02717-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2023] [Accepted: 06/24/2024] [Indexed: 07/25/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE This study quantified the effect of 48 psychosocial constructs on all-cause mortality using data from 7,698 individuals in the U.S. Health and Retirement Study. METHODS Latent class analysis was used to divide participants into mutually exclusive psychosocial wellbeing groups (good, average, or poor) which was subsequently considered as the exposure. Mediation analysis was then conducted to determine the direct effect of the psychosocial wellbeing groups and the indirect (mediating) effects of physical health (functional status and comorbid conditions) and lifestyle factors (physical activity, smoking, and alcohol consumption) on overall survival. We also created a composite health index measure representing the summative effect of the mediators. RESULTS We observed a strong and statistically significant total effect (TE) between survival time and psychosocial wellbeing group (survival time ratio (SR) = 1.73, 95% confidence interval (CI):1.50,2.01 when comparing good to poor). Mediation analysis revealed that the direct effect via psychosocial wellbeing group accounted for more than half of the TE (SR = 1.46, 95% CI:1.27,1.67). The composite health index measure mediated 36.2% of the TE with the natural indirect effect SR of 1.18 (95% CI:1.13,1.22). CONCLUSION Our findings demonstrate the interconnectedness between psychosocial wellbeing and physical health and lifestyle factors on survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aliya Alimujiang
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Michigan School of Public Health, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Victor Strecher
- Kumanu, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
- Department of Health Behavior & Health Education, Director for Innovation and Social Entrepreneurship, University of Michigan School of Public Health, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Karen McLean
- Department of Health Behavior & Health Education, Director for Innovation and Social Entrepreneurship, University of Michigan School of Public Health, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Michigan Health System, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Alison M Mondul
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Michigan School of Public Health, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Michigan Health System, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Celeste Leigh Pearce
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Michigan School of Public Health, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Michigan School of Public Health, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.
| | - Bhramar Mukherjee
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Michigan School of Public Health, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Michigan School of Public Health, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
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Livingston TN, Cummings C, Singer J. Social power may be associated with health through positive emotion. THE JOURNAL OF GENERAL PSYCHOLOGY 2024; 151:314-334. [PMID: 37743803 DOI: 10.1080/00221309.2023.2261135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2023] [Accepted: 09/15/2023] [Indexed: 09/26/2023]
Abstract
Increased social power-defined as one's influence on another's behavior-guides activation of one's behavioral activation system which, in turn, elicits greater positive emotion. Positive emotion has also been linked to greater health. The current research assessed whether power and positive emotion are related to health. In Study 1, participants (N = 403; Mage = 48.33 years) wrote a narrative about a time in which they felt powerful or powerless. Greater self-reported feelings of power, concurrent with more frequent use of positive emotional words within the narrative, was associated with fewer references to health within the narrative. In Study 2, participants (N = 401; Mage = 33.05 years) primed with the concept of power (vs. powerlessness) reported greater health competency through enhanced positive emotion. Findings provided preliminary data supporting the continued study of power to better understand the link between positive emotion and health. Future research should elucidate the long-term relationships between these variables to examine whether increased power can produce downstream positive effects on health and health behavior.
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Tam LM, Hocker K, David T, Williams EM. The Influence of Social Dynamics on Biological Aging and the Health of Historically Marginalized Populations: A Biopsychosocial Model for Health Disparities. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2024; 21:554. [PMID: 38791769 PMCID: PMC11121718 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph21050554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2024] [Revised: 04/18/2024] [Accepted: 04/21/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024]
Abstract
Historically marginalized populations are susceptible to social isolation resulting from their unique social dynamics; thus, they incur a higher risk of developing chronic diseases across the course of life. Research has suggested that the cumulative effect of aging trajectories per se, across the lifespan, determines later-in-life disease risks. Emerging evidence has shown the biopsychosocial effects of social stress and social support on one's wellbeing in terms of inflammation. Built upon previous multidisciplinary findings, here, we provide an overarching model that explains how the social dynamics of marginalized populations shape their rate of biological aging through the inflammatory process. Under the framework of social stress and social support theories, this model aims to facilitate our understanding of the biopsychosocial impacts of social dynamics on the wellbeing of historically marginalized individuals, with a special emphasis on biological aging. We leverage this model to advance our mechanistic understanding of the health disparity observed in historically marginalized populations and inform future remediation strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lok Ming Tam
- Department of Environmental Medicine, School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY 14642, USA;
- Clinical and Translational Science Institute, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY 14642, USA;
| | - Kristin Hocker
- School of Nursing, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY 14642, USA;
| | - Tamala David
- Clinical and Translational Science Institute, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY 14642, USA;
- Department of Nursing, State University of New York Brockport, Brockport, NY 14420, USA
| | - Edith Marie Williams
- Office of Health Equity Research, School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY 14642, USA
- Center for Community Health and Prevention, University of Rochester, 46 Prince St Ste 1001, Rochester, NY 14607, USA
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Giollabhui NM, Slaney C, Hemani G, Foley ÉM, van der Most PJ, Nolte IM, Snieder H, Smith GD, Khandaker G, Hartman CA. Role of Inflammation in Depressive and Anxiety Disorders, Affect, and Cognition: Genetic and Non-Genetic Findings in the Lifelines Cohort Study. MEDRXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR HEALTH SCIENCES 2024:2024.04.17.24305950. [PMID: 38699368 PMCID: PMC11065023 DOI: 10.1101/2024.04.17.24305950] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/05/2024]
Abstract
Background Low-grade systemic inflammation is implicated in the pathogenesis of various neuropsychiatric conditions affecting mood and cognition. While much of the evidence concerns depression, large-scale population studies of anxiety, affect, and cognitive function are scarce. Importantly, causality remains unclear. We used complementary non-genetic, genetic risk score (GRS), and Mendelian randomization (MR) analyses to examine whether inflammatory markers are associated with affect, depressive and anxiety disorders, and cognitive performance in the Lifelines Cohort; and whether associations are likely to be causal. Methods Using data from up to 55,098 (59% female) individuals from the Dutch Lifelines cohort, we tested the cross-sectional and longitudinal associations of C-reactive protein (CRP) with (i) depressive and anxiety disorders; (ii) positive and negative affect scores, and (iii) five cognitive measures assessing attention, psychomotor speed, episodic memory, and executive functioning (figural fluency and working memory). Additionally, we examined the association between inflammatory marker GRSs (CRP, interleukin-6 [IL-6], IL-6 receptor [IL-6R and soluble IL-6R (sIL-6R)], glycoprotein acetyls [GlycA]) on these same outcomes (Nmax=57,946), followed by MR analysis examining evidence of causality of CRP on outcomes (Nmax=23,268). In genetic analyses, all GRSs and outcomes were z-transformed. Results In non-genetic analyses, higher CRP was associated with diagnosis of any depressive disorder, lower positive and higher negative affect scores, and worse performance on tests of figural fluency, attention, and psychomotor speed after adjusting for potential confounders, although the magnitude of these associations was small. In genetic analyses, CRPGRS was associated with any anxiety disorder (β=0.002, p=0.037, N=57,047) whereas GlycAGRS was associated with major depressive disorder (β=0.001, p=0.036; N=57,047). Both CRPGRS (β=0.006, p=0.035, N=57,946) and GlycAGRS (β=0.006, p=0.049; N=57,946) were associated with higher negative affect score. Inflammatory marker GRSs were not associated with cognitive performance, except sIL-6RGRS which was associated with poorer memory performance (β=-0.009, p=0.018, N=36,783). Further examination of the CRP-anxiety association using MR provided some weak evidence of causality (β=0.12; p=0.054). Conclusions Genetic and non-genetic analyses provide consistent evidence for an association between CRP and negative affect. Genetic analyses suggest that IL-6 signaling could be relevant for memory, and that the association between CRP and anxiety disorders could be causal. These results suggest that dysregulated immune physiology may impact a broad range of trans-diagnostic affective symptoms. However, given the small effect sizes and multiple tests conducted, future studies are required to investigate whether effects are moderated by sub-groups and whether these findings replicate in other cohorts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naoise Mac Giollabhui
- Depression Clinical & Research Program, Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, USA
| | - Chloe Slaney
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit at the University of Bristol, UK; Centre for Academic Mental Health, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Gibran Hemani
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit at the University of Bristol, UK
| | - Éimear M. Foley
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit at the University of Bristol, UK; Centre for Academic Mental Health, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | | | - Ilja M. Nolte
- University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Harold Snieder
- University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, the Netherlands
| | | | - Golam Khandaker
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit at the University of Bristol, Bristol, UK; Centre for Academic Mental Health, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK; NIHR Bristol Biomedical Research Centre, University Hospitals Bristol and Weston NHS Foundation Trust and University of Bristol, Bristol, UK; Avon and Wiltshire Mental Health Partnership NHS Trust, Bristol, UK
| | - Catharina A. Hartman
- Interdisciplinary Center Psychopathology and Emotion Regulation, Department of Psychiatry, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, the Netherlands
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Telles R, Whitney BM, Froelich S, Lutgendorf SK. Mindfulness-based psychosocial interventions and psychological wellbeing in cancer survivorship: a meta-analysis. Health Psychol Rev 2024:1-27. [PMID: 38561221 DOI: 10.1080/17437199.2024.2336014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2023] [Accepted: 03/22/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE Among cancer survivors, mindfulness-based interventions appear promising in decreasing distress for cancer patients, but little attention has been paid to the ultimate mindfulness goal of increasing psychological wellbeing. This meta-analysis aims to summarise and synthesise available evidence concerning the effectiveness of MBIs on positive psychological outcomes reflecting key aspects of psychological wellbeing in heterogeneous cancer patients. METHODS A literature search of mindfulness-based randomised clinical trials in cancer survivors was conducted across six electronic databases. Two reviewers independently screened studies and extracted data. Meta-analyses were conducted using R; standardised mean difference (SMD) was used to determine intervention effect. Moderators examined included therapeutic orientation, control group type, treatment modality, treatment target, heterogeneous vs. homogeneous cancer type, and facet of wellbeing. RESULTS Thirty-one studies were included (N = 2651). Those who received mindfulness-based interventions reported significantly higher eudaimonic, hedonic, and social wellbeing than respondents in control groups (SMD = 0.599). Interventions were equally effective across therapeutic orientation, control group type, treatment modality and treatment target. There were trend level differences favouring homogeneous cancer diagnosis groups over heterogeneous diagnosis groups. CONCLUSION MBIs provide an effective treatment for increasing psychological wellbeing in cancer survivors. This finding has important implications for clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel Telles
- Department of Psychological & Brain Sciences, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - Brendan M Whitney
- Department of Psychological & Brain Sciences, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - Sarah Froelich
- Department of Psychological & Brain Sciences, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - Susan K Lutgendorf
- Department of Psychological & Brain Sciences, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
- Division of Gynecologic Oncology, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
- Holden Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
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Don BP, Simpson JA, Fredrickson BL, Algoe SB. Interparental Positivity Spillover Theory: How Parents' Positive Relational Interactions Influence Children. PERSPECTIVES ON PSYCHOLOGICAL SCIENCE 2024:17456916231220626. [PMID: 38252555 DOI: 10.1177/17456916231220626] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2024]
Abstract
Interparental interactions have an important influence on child well-being and development. Yet prior theory and research have primarily focused on interparental conflict as contributing to child maladjustment, which leaves out the critical question of how interparental positive interactions-such as expressed gratitude, capitalization, and shared laughter-may benefit child growth and development. In this article, we integrate theory and research in family, relationship, and affective science to propose a new framework for understanding how the heretofore underexamined positive interparental interactions influence children: interparental positivity spillover theory (IPST). IPST proposes that, distinct from the influence of conflict, interparental positive interactions spill over into children's experiences in the form of their (a) experience of positive emotions, (b) beneficially altered perceptions of their parents, and (c) emulation of their parents' positive interpersonal behaviors. This spillover is theorized to promote beneficial cognitive, behavioral, social, and physiological outcomes in children in the short term (i.e., immediately after a specific episode of interparental positivity, or on a given day) as well as cumulatively across time. As a framework, IPST generates a host of novel and testable predictions to guide future research, all of which have important implications for the mental health, well-being, and positive development of children and families.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian P Don
- School of Psychology, University of Auckland
| | | | | | - Sara B Algoe
- Department of Psychology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill
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8
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Kraft P, Kraft B. Exploring the relationship between multiple dimensions of subjective socioeconomic status and self-reported physical and mental health: the mediating role of affect. Front Public Health 2023; 11:1138367. [PMID: 37575108 PMCID: PMC10416252 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2023.1138367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2023] [Accepted: 07/17/2023] [Indexed: 08/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction This study aimed to investigate the predictive effects of two types of subjective socioeconomic status on self-reported physical and mental health. Specifically, we examined the MacArthur Scale (MacArthur) which measures perceived socioeconomic rank in the society and a novel scale called ComSim, which assessed how participants compared themselves socioeconomically to others coming from a similar socioeconomic background. We also considered the influence of income, education, and personal relative deprivation (PRD) in these analyses. Additionally, we explored whether these effects were mediated through negative and positive affect. Methods The data were collected through a cross-sectional, two-wave survey of 294 women and 294 men, with a mean age 41.6 years. Participants were recruited via an online platform. Results The results from multivariate regression models revealed that socioeconomic status measured with both the MacArthur Scale and ComSim significantly predicted both self-reported health measures, whereas income and education did not predict any of these measures in the full multivariate models. PRD only predicted self-reported mental health. Mediation analyses showed that negative and positive affect mediated the relationships between socioeconomic status measured by ComSim and self-reported health measures. Discussion These findings are discussed in the context of the similarity hypothesis of social comparison theory. The results underscore the importance of considering multiple dimensions when examining socioeconomic health disparities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pål Kraft
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Psychology, Oslo New University College, Oslo, Norway
| | - Brage Kraft
- Division of Psychiatry, Diakonhjemmet Hospital, Oslo, Norway
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Brambila-Tapia AJL, Jacquez-Castañeda AL, Carrillo-Delgadillo LA, Dávila-Flores JN, Macías-Espinoza F, Ramírez-De Los Santos S, Gutiérrez-Hurtado IA. Association between Psychological, Biochemical and Personal Factors with the Inflammatory Marker High-Sensitive C Reactive Protein (Hs-CRP) in Mexican Healthy Population. J Pers Med 2023; 13:876. [PMID: 37241046 PMCID: PMC10222644 DOI: 10.3390/jpm13050876] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2023] [Revised: 05/04/2023] [Accepted: 05/20/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
In the last decades, it has been shown that inflammatory processes play a role in the development of mental and physical problems; although some studies have researched the relationship between inflammation and psychological variables, the inclusion of biochemical variables as possible confounders has been limited. Therefore, the aim of this study was to determine whether psychological variables are associated with the inflammatory marker, highly sensitive CRP (hs-CRP), after controlling for personal and biochemical variables in the Mexican population. The study was performed at the University of Guadalajara facilities, during the second half of 2022. Healthy subjects were invited to participate in the study, which consisted of the measurement of personal, psychological, and biochemical variables. We included 172 participants, 92 (52.9%) of which were women; the median (range) of age of the whole sample was 22 (18-69) years old. In the bivariate analysis, significant positive correlations were observed between hs-CRP and body mass index (BMI) and waist/hip ratio (WHR) in both sexes, together with leukocytes, uric acid, low-density lipoprotein (LDL), triglycerides, and the liver enzymes gamma glutamyl transferase (GGT) and alkaline phosphatase (ALP). In the multivariate regression analysis of the global and men's samples, anxiety was positively associated with hs-CRP, while depression and positive relations with others were negatively associated with hs-CRP. In conclusion, psychological variables influence inflammation mainly in men, and anxiety was the main contributor; in addition, positive relation with others is a variable that should be further explored as a psychological protector of inflammation in both sexes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aniel Jessica Leticia Brambila-Tapia
- Departamento de Psicología Básica, Centro Universitario de Ciencias de la Salud (CUCS), Universidad de Guadalajara, Guadalajara 44340, Jalisco, Mexico
| | - Ana Lilia Jacquez-Castañeda
- Maestría en Psicología de la Salud, Centro Universitario de Ciencias de la Salud (CUCS), Universidad de Guadalajara, Guadalajara 44340, Jalisco, Mexico;
| | - Laura Arely Carrillo-Delgadillo
- Licenciatura en Psicología, Centro Universitario de Ciencias de la Salud (CUCS), Universidad de Guadalajara, Guadalajara 44340, Jalisco, Mexico
| | - Jessica Natalia Dávila-Flores
- Licenciatura en Nutrición, Centro Universitario de Ciencias de la Salud (CUCS), Universidad de Guadalajara, Guadalajara 44340, Jalisco, Mexico
| | - Fabiola Macías-Espinoza
- Departamento de Psicología Aplicada, Centro Universitario de Ciencias de la Salud (CUCS), Universidad de Guadalajara, Guadalajara 44340, Jalisco, Mexico
| | - Saúl Ramírez-De Los Santos
- Departamento de Psicología Básica, Centro Universitario de Ciencias de la Salud (CUCS), Universidad de Guadalajara, Guadalajara 44340, Jalisco, Mexico
| | - Itzae Adonai Gutiérrez-Hurtado
- Departamento de Biología Molecular y Genómica, Centro Universitario de Ciencias de la Salud (CUCS), Universidad de Guadalajara, Guadalajara 44340, Jalisco, Mexico
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An L, Ma L, Xu N, Yu B. Life satisfaction, depressive symptoms, and blood pressure in the middle-aged and older Chinese population. J Psychosom Res 2023; 170:111367. [PMID: 37196586 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpsychores.2023.111367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2022] [Revised: 05/09/2023] [Accepted: 05/09/2023] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Both life satisfaction and depressive symptoms have been proven to be related to blood pressure (BP) separately. This longitudinal study aimed to examine whether these two distinct but related psychological constructs are independent predictors of BP in the middle-aged and older Chinese population. METHODS This study used two waves of data from the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study (CHARLS) and the analysis were restricted to those respondents aged 45 and older without hypertension and other cardiometabolic conditions [n = 4055, mean age (SD) = 56.7 (8.3); male, 50.1%]. Multiple linear regression models were used to evaluate the associations between baseline life satisfaction, depressive symptoms, and systolic (SBP) and diastolic blood pressure (DBP) at follow-up. RESULTS Life satisfaction was positively associated with SBP (β = 0.03, p = .03), while depressive symptoms were negatively associated with both SBP (β = -0.04, p = .003) and DBP (β = -0.04, p = .004) at follow-up. The associations for life satisfaction became insignificant when all the covariates including depressive symptoms were taken into account. In contrast, the associations for depressive symptoms remained even after controlling for all the covariates including life satisfaction (SBP: β = -0.04, p = .02; DBP: β = -0.04, p = .01). CONCLUSION The results implied that depressive symptoms, rather than life satisfaction, independently predicted BP changes in the Chinese population after four years. These findings expand our knowledge about the association patterns of depressive symptoms and life satisfaction with BP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li An
- School of Education, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China; Institute of Applied Psychology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China; Laboratory of Suicidology, Tianjin Municipal Education Commission, Tianjin, China
| | - Ling Ma
- School of Education, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China; Institute of Applied Psychology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China
| | - Nan Xu
- School of Education, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China; Institute of Applied Psychology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China
| | - Bin Yu
- Institute of Applied Psychology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China; Laboratory of Suicidology, Tianjin Municipal Education Commission, Tianjin, China; Academy of Medical Engineering and Translational Medicine, Tianjin University, China.
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Zuccarella-Hackl C, Princip M, Auschra B, Meister-Langraf RE, Barth J, Käne RV. Association of positive psychological well-being with circulating inflammatory markers: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2023; 150:105186. [PMID: 37076058 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2023.105186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2022] [Revised: 04/11/2023] [Accepted: 04/16/2023] [Indexed: 04/21/2023]
Abstract
Accumulating evidence shows a protective effect of positive psychological well-being (PPWB) on health outcomes. However, the underlying mechanisms remain poorly understood. One pathway relates to enhanced immune functioning (Boehm, 2021). The aim of this project was to conduct a systematic review and meta-analysis of the association between PPWB and circulating inflammatory biomarkers and determine the magnitude of this association. After examining 748 references, 29 studies were included. Results from over 94'700 participants revealed a significant association between PPWB and reduced levels of interleukin (IL)-6 (r=-0.05; P<.001) and C-reactive protein (CRP) (r=-0.06; P<.001) with a heterogeneity of I2 = 31.5% and I2 = 84.5%, respectively. Only the association of PPWB with CRP was independent of co-variates included in the individual studies (r=-0.04; P=.027),. The findings of this systematic review and meta-analysis suggest that PPWB is associated with lower levels of inflammatory biomarkers IL-6 and CRP in the circulation. Such relationships with inflammatory biomarkers may partly explain positive effects of PPWB on health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Zuccarella-Hackl
- Department of Consultation-Liaison Psychiatry and Psychosomatic Medicine, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.
| | - Mary Princip
- Department of Consultation-Liaison Psychiatry and Psychosomatic Medicine, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Bianca Auschra
- Department of Consultation-Liaison Psychiatry and Psychosomatic Medicine, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Rebecca E Meister-Langraf
- Department of Consultation-Liaison Psychiatry and Psychosomatic Medicine, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland; Clienia Schlössli AG, Oetwil am See, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Jürgen Barth
- Institute for Complementary and Integrative Medicine, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Roland von Käne
- Department of Consultation-Liaison Psychiatry and Psychosomatic Medicine, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
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Ferreira GF, Demarzo M. Trends of Research on Mindfulness: a Bibliometric Study of an Emerging Field. TRENDS IN PSYCHOLOGY 2023. [DOI: 10.1007/s43076-023-00286-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/03/2023]
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13
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Rahal D, Tashjian SM, Karan M, Eisenberger N, Galván A, Fuligni AJ, Hastings PD, Cole SW. Positive and negative emotion are associated with generalized transcriptional activation in immune cells. Psychoneuroendocrinology 2023; 153:106103. [PMID: 37054596 DOI: 10.1016/j.psyneuen.2023.106103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2022] [Revised: 03/25/2023] [Accepted: 03/28/2023] [Indexed: 04/15/2023]
Abstract
Alterations in immune system gene expression have been implicated in psychopathology, but it remains unclear whether similar associations occur for intraindividual variations in emotion. The present study examined whether positive emotion and negative emotion were related to expression of pro-inflammatory and antiviral genes in circulating leukocytes from a community sample of 90 adolescents (Mage = 16.3 years, SD = 0.7; 51.1% female). Adolescents reported their positive emotion and negative emotion and provided blood samples twice, five weeks apart. Using a multilevel analytic framework, we found that within-individual increases in positive emotion were associated with reduced expression of both pro-inflammatory and Type I interferon (IFN) response genes, even after adjusting for demographic and biological covariates, and for leukocyte subset abundance. By contrast, increases in negative emotion were related to higher expression of pro-inflammatory and Type I IFN genes. When tested in the same model, only associations with positive emotion emerged as significant, and increases in overall emotional valence were associated with both lower pro-inflammatory and antiviral gene expression. These results are distinct from the previously observed Conserved Transcriptional Response to Adversity (CTRA) gene regulation pattern characterized by reciprocal changes in pro-inflammatory and antiviral gene expression and may reflect alterations in generalized immunologic activation. These findings highlight one biological pathway by which emotion may potentially impact health and physiological function in the context of the immune system, and future studies can investigate whether fostering positive emotion may promote adolescent health through changes in the immune system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danny Rahal
- Edna Bennet Pierce Prevention Research Center, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA.
| | - Sarah M Tashjian
- Humanities and Social Sciences, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA
| | - Maira Karan
- Department of Psychology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Naomi Eisenberger
- Department of Psychology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Adriana Galván
- Department of Psychology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA; Brain Research Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Andrew J Fuligni
- Department of Psychology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA; Brain Research Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA; Cousins Center for Psychoneuroimmunology, Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA; Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Paul D Hastings
- Center for Mind & Brain, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA 95618, USA; Department of Psychology, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Steve W Cole
- Cousins Center for Psychoneuroimmunology, Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA; Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
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14
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Meléndez-Monreal KC, Brambila-Tapia AJL, González-Díaz V, Cerpa-Cruz S, Gutiérrez-Ureña SR, Yeo-Ayala MDC, Robles-García R, Martínez-Bonilla GE. Association of positive psychological variables with disease activity, functional disability and erythrocyte sedimentation rate in patients with rheumatoid arthritis: a preliminary study. Reumatismo 2023; 74. [PMID: 36942982 DOI: 10.4081/reumatismo.2022.1507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2022] [Accepted: 12/20/2022] [Indexed: 03/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic autoimmune disease which has shown positive correlations between negative psychological variables and disease activity in transversal studies and in the follow-up. However, the association of positive psychological variables with disease parameters including disease activity (DAS-28), functional disability (HAQ) and erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) has not been investigated. Patients with RA attending the external consultation of a third level hospital were invited to participate and fill in a questionnaire with personal, disease and psychological variables; body mass index was also obtained as well as ESR. A total of 49 patients were included. The three dependent variables correlated among them, with the highest correlation for DAS-28 and HAQ (r=0.645, p<0.01), followed by somatization and HAQ (r=0.614, p<0.01) or DAS-28 (r=0.537, P<0.01). In addition, HAQ showed negative correlations with environmental mastery (r=- 0.366, p<0.01), personal growth (r=-0.292, p<0.05) and monthly extra money (r=-0.328, p<0.05), and borderline negative correlations with emotion perception (r=-0.279, p=0.053) and self-acceptance (r=-0.250, p=0.08). ESR showed a significant negative correlation with emotion perception (r=-0.475, p<0.01). In conclusion, we observed important correlations of positive psychological variables with disease activity, functional disability and ESR that could be addressed in order to prevent or treat these disease features.
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Affiliation(s)
- K C Meléndez-Monreal
- Maestría en Psicología de la Salud, Centro Universitario de Ciencias de la Salud (CUCS), Universidad de Guadaljara, Guadalajara, Jalisco.
| | - A J L Brambila-Tapia
- Departamento de Psicología Básica, Centro Universitario de Ciencias de la Salud (CUCS), Universidad de Guadaljara, Guadalajara, Jalisco.
| | - V González-Díaz
- Servicio de Reumatología, Hospital Civil de Guadalajara "Fray Antonio Alcalde", Guadalajara, Jalisco.
| | - S Cerpa-Cruz
- Servicio de Reumatología, Hospital Civil de Guadalajara "Fray Antonio Alcalde", Guadalajara, Jalisco.
| | - S R Gutiérrez-Ureña
- Servicio de Reumatología, Hospital Civil de Guadalajara "Fray Antonio Alcalde", Guadalajara, Jalisco.
| | - M D C Yeo-Ayala
- Departamento de Psicología Básica, Centro Universitario de Ciencias de la Salud (CUCS), Universidad de Guadaljara, Guadalajara, Jalisco.
| | - R Robles-García
- Dirección de Investigaciones Epidemiológicas y Sociales, Instituto Nacional de Psiquiatría Ramón de la Fuente Muñiz, Ciudad de México.
| | - G E Martínez-Bonilla
- Servicio de Reumatología, Hospital Civil de Guadalajara "Fray Antonio Alcalde", Guadalajara, Jalisco.
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15
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Brambila-Tapia AJL, Macías-Espinoza F, González-Cantero JO, Martínez-Arriaga RJ, Reyes-Domínguez YA, Ramírez-García ML. Sex Differences in Mental Status and Coping Strategies among Adult Mexican Population: A Cross-Sectional Study. Healthcare (Basel) 2023; 11:healthcare11040514. [PMID: 36833048 PMCID: PMC9957381 DOI: 10.3390/healthcare11040514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2022] [Revised: 01/24/2023] [Accepted: 02/07/2023] [Indexed: 02/12/2023] Open
Abstract
We performed a cross-sectional study in order to determine the association between stress coping strategies and stress, depression, and anxiety, in which the Mexican population was invited to answer these variables by an electronic questionnaire. A total of 1283 people were included, of which 64.8% were women. Women presented higher levels of stress, depression, and anxiety than men; likewise, women showed a higher frequency of some maladaptive coping strategies (behavioral disengagement and denial) and lower levels of some adaptive ones (active coping and planning); additionally, maladaptive coping strategies were positively correlated with stress and depression in both sexes: self-blame, behavioral disengagement, denial, substance use, and self-distraction. Likewise, there were negative correlations between stress and depression and the adaptive strategies: planning, active coping, acceptance, and positive reframing. For women, religion presented negative correlations with stress, depression, and anxiety, and humor showed low positive correlations with stress, anxiety, and depression. In conclusion, most adaptive and maladaptive coping strategies are common in both sexes with the exception of religion, which seems to be adaptive in women and neutral in men, and humor, which seems to be adaptive in men and maladaptive in women. In addition, emotional and instrumental support seem to be neutral in both sexes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aniel Jessica Leticia Brambila-Tapia
- Departamento de Psicología Básica, Centro Universitario de Ciencias de la Salud (CUCS), Universidad de Guadalajara, Guadalajara 44340, Jalisco, Mexico
- Correspondence: (A.J.L.B.-T.); (F.M.-E.)
| | - Fabiola Macías-Espinoza
- Departamento de Psicología Aplicada, Centro Universitario de Ciencias de la Salud (CUCS), Universidad de Guadalajara, Guadalajara 44340, Jalisco, Mexico
- Correspondence: (A.J.L.B.-T.); (F.M.-E.)
| | - Joel Omar González-Cantero
- Departamento de Ciencias del Comportamiento, Centro Universitario de los Valles (CUVALLES), Universidad de Guadalajara, Guadalajara 46600, Jalisco, Mexico
| | - Reyna Jazmín Martínez-Arriaga
- Clínicas de Salud Mental, Centro Universitario de Ciencias de la Salud (CUCS), Universidad de Guadalajara, Guadalajara 44340, Jalisco, Mexico
| | - Yesica Arlae Reyes-Domínguez
- Maestría en Psicología de la Salud, Centro Universitario de Ciencias de la Salud (CUCS), Universidad de Guadalajara, Guadalajara 44340, Jalisco, Mexico
| | - María Luisa Ramírez-García
- Maestría en Psicología de la Salud, Centro Universitario de Ciencias de la Salud (CUCS), Universidad de Guadalajara, Guadalajara 44340, Jalisco, Mexico
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Aldahadha B. Self-disclosure, mindfulness, and their relationships with happiness and well-being. MIDDLE EAST CURRENT PSYCHIATRY 2023. [DOI: 10.1186/s43045-023-00278-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
This study aims to test how self-disclosure relates to mindfulness, whether self-disclosure or mindfulness best predicts happiness and well-being, and whether there are significant differences between happiness and well-being levels due to self-disclosure and mindfulness. Data from a public sample was collected using e-mails and social media platforms (N = 486).
Results
The findings demonstrated a weak relationship between mindfulness and self-disclosure (r = 0.16) and acting with awareness but a strong relationship between happiness, wellness, mindfulness, and its factors. The results revealed four values that predict the differentiation between happy and unhappy people, and these values are statistically significant, namely, mindfulness, description, acceptance without judgment, and self-disclosure, as well as four values that predict the distinction between being well and unwell, namely mindfulness, observation, description, and self-disclosure. Additionally, results showed significant differences in the means of each of the mindfulness predictor variables in favor of happiness, wellness, and females. For the self-disclosure variable, the results showed differences in its means favoring females, happiness, and wellness. Finally, when controlling for gender and age, regression analyses found mindfulness to be an important predictor for happiness and well-being at 59% and 48% of the variance, respectively, while self-disclosure was a weak predictor at 12% and 15%, respectively.
Conclusions
In general, the results indicate that mindfulness is more effective and beneficial for living a happy and healthy life than self-disclosure
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17
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Arafa A, Kashima R, Kokubo Y. Life satisfaction and the risk of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease in the general Japanese population: the Suita Study. Environ Health Prev Med 2023; 28:62. [PMID: 37899209 PMCID: PMC10613556 DOI: 10.1265/ehpm.23-00125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2023] [Accepted: 08/20/2023] [Indexed: 10/31/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD) is a major cause of morbidity and mortality. Life satisfaction is a measure of mental health with a potential cardioprotective role. This study aimed to investigate the association between life satisfaction and ASCVD risk in the general Japanese population. METHOD We used data from 6,877 people (30-84 years) registered in the Suita Study, a Japanese population-based prospective cohort study. All participants were free from stroke and coronary heart disease (CHD) at baseline. Then, participants were followed up for incident ASCVD, including cerebral infarction and CHD. Cox proportional hazards models were used to calculate the hazard ratio (HR) and 95% confidence interval (95% CI) of incident ASCVD according to life satisfaction. RESULTS Within 102,545 person-years (median follow-up = 16.6 years), 482 incident ASCVD events were identified. In the age- and sex-adjusted model, being very satisfied, rather satisfied, or not sure, compared to being dissatisfied with life, showed a lower risk of ASCVD: HR (95% CI) = 0.55 (0.41, 0.74), 0.67 (0.50, 0.89), and 0.57 (0.36, 0.88), respectively (p-trend < 0.001). The associations remained consistent after adjusting for stress and unfortunate events: HR (95% CI) = 0.57 (0.42, 0.77), 0.68 (0.50, 0.91), and 0.54 (0.35, 0.84), respectively (p-trend < 0.001). The results did not vary between cerebral infarction and CHD: HR (95% CI) for being very satisfied with life = 0.58 (0.37, 0.91) and 0.55 (0.36, 0.84), respectively. CONCLUSION Life satisfaction was inversely associated with the risk of ASCVD in the investigated general Japanese population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed Arafa
- Department of Preventive Cardiology, National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center, Suita, Japan
- Department of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef, Egypt
| | - Rena Kashima
- Department of Preventive Cardiology, National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center, Suita, Japan
- Department of Cardiovascular Pathophysiology and Therapeutics, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Suita, Japan
| | - Yoshihiro Kokubo
- Department of Preventive Cardiology, National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center, Suita, Japan
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18
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Thomas ND, Montgomery SC, Behers B, Reyes E, Ledermann T, Grzywacz JG. Work-family enrichment: A potential buffer of inflammation among black adults? Brain Behav Immun Health 2022; 25:100517. [PMID: 36164462 PMCID: PMC9508348 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbih.2022.100517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2022] [Revised: 09/15/2022] [Accepted: 09/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Inflammation plays a known role in the development of cardiovascular disease (CVD), the leading cause of death in the United States and a condition that disproportionately affects Blacks. Although social stressors are frequently studied, the role of positive experiences in inflammation and its potential for CVD remains understudied. To address this gap, we examined the relationship between work family enrichment and inflammation in a population-based sample of working adults. Methods Participants were 447 working adults from Refresher Cohort of the National Study of Midlife Development in the United States (MIDUS) and the oversample of Blacks from the Milwaukee, WI. Serum concentration of pro-inflammatory biomarkers (IL-6/sIL-6r; CPR; Fibrinogen) were obtained via blood draw. Family-to-work enrichment (FtoWE) and work-to-family enrichment (WtoFE) were each assessed with four established survey questions. Results Blacks had higher concentrations of IL-6, CRP and Fibrinogen, and lower levels of sIL-6r than whites. A significant inverse relationship was observed between WtoFE and systemic inflammation as well as WtoFE and serum IL-6 concentration. Conclusions Individuals who perceived a stronger enhancing effect from work onto family showed lower levels of systemic inflammation and decreased concentrations of the pro-inflammatory cytokine IL-6; highlighting the potential work-family enrichment or other positive experiences may have in buffering the negative cardiovascular effects of inflammation. However, variation between racial groups remain undetermined.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Eduardo Reyes
- Florida State University College of Medicine, FL, USA
| | - Thomas Ledermann
- Florida State University College of Health and Human Sciences, FL, USA
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19
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Sun Y, Zhang H, Wang B, Chen C, Chen Y, Chen Y, Xia F, Tan X, Zhang J, Li Q, Qi L, Lu Y, Wang N. Joint exposure to positive affect, life satisfaction, broad depression, and neuroticism and risk of cardiovascular diseases: A prospective cohort study. Atherosclerosis 2022; 359:44-51. [PMID: 36055801 DOI: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2022.08.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2022] [Revised: 06/23/2022] [Accepted: 08/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Psychologic wellbeing can impact cardiovascular health. We aimed to evaluate the joint association of multiple psychologic wellbeing factors with cardiovascular diseases (CVD) and examine whether this association was modified by genetic susceptibility. METHODS In the UK Biobank, 126,255 participants free of CVD (coronary heart disease [CHD], stroke, and heart failure [HF]) at baseline, who completed a questionnaire on psychological factors, were included. The psychological wellbeing score was calculated by four factors: happiness, life satisfaction, broad depression, and neuroticism. Cox proportional hazard models were used to assess the association between the psychological wellbeing score and CVD risk. RESULTS During the median follow-up of 11.5 years, 10,815 participants had newly diagnosed CVDs. Low life satisfaction, the presence of depression, and neuroticism score ≥1 were significantly associated with an increased risk of CVD in the multivariable-adjusted model. Through decreasing the psychological wellbeing score, there were significant increasing linear trends in the risk of CVD, CHD, stroke, and HF (all p for trend < 0.001). Participants with the lowest psychological wellbeing score had the highest risk for CVD (HR 1.51, 95% CI 1.42-1.61). Women were more susceptible to worse psychological wellbeing status for CVD than men (p for interaction = 0.009). The associations of the psychological wellbeing score with CVD were consistent across genetic risk (p for interaction >0.05). When considered jointly, participants exposed to high-risk psychological wellbeing and genetic status had a 2.70-fold (95% CI 2.25-3.24) risk for CHD. CONCLUSIONS Joint exposure to multiple psychological wellbeing factors was associated with increased risks of incident CVD in an additive manner, regardless of genetic susceptibility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Sun
- Institute and Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai JiaoTong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Haojie Zhang
- Institute and Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai JiaoTong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Bin Wang
- Institute and Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai JiaoTong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Chi Chen
- Institute and Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai JiaoTong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yingchao Chen
- Institute and Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai JiaoTong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yi Chen
- Institute and Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai JiaoTong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Fangzhen Xia
- Institute and Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai JiaoTong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiao Tan
- Department of Neuroscience, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden; Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Sweden
| | - Jihui Zhang
- Guangdong Mental Health Center, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Qing Li
- Institute and Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai JiaoTong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
| | - Lu Qi
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA; Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Yingli Lu
- Institute and Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai JiaoTong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
| | - Ningjian Wang
- Institute and Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai JiaoTong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
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20
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Fong TCT, Ho RTH, Yau JCY. Longitudinal associations between salivary cortisol to C-reactive protein ratios and psychological well-being in Chinese adults. Psychoneuroendocrinology 2022; 143:105824. [PMID: 35689984 DOI: 10.1016/j.psyneuen.2022.105824] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2022] [Revised: 06/01/2022] [Accepted: 06/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Salivary C-reactive protein (CRP) could be a viable biomarker of inflammation and has been associated with stress outcomes. The hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis can modulate stress-related inflammation. This study aimed to evaluate the interaction effects of immune-endocrine markers on psychological outcomes. METHODS The study participants were 52 healthy Chinese adults who collected 10 saliva samples over 2 consecutive days at baseline. The participants completed validated measures on anxiety, depression, positive affect, and sleep disturbance at baseline and 1 month later. The stability and diurnal patterns of salivary cortisol and CRP were investigated via paired t-tests and repeated-measures analyses of variance. Regression analysis was used to examine the longitudinal associations between immune-endocrine markers and their interactions (cortisol [Cort]: morning CRP [CRPmorn] and Cort:CRPeven) and psychological measures. RESULTS Salivary cortisol and CRP displayed satisfactory stability over 2 consecutive days and diurnal patterns of abrupt and gradual decline during the day, respectively. Controlling for baseline psychological measures and confounding variables, Cortmorn and diurnal cortisol slope was significantly and negatively associated with anxiety symptoms and positive affect 1 month later, respectively. Cort:CRPeven and Cort:CRPmorn was significantly and positively associated with depressive symptoms and sleep disturbance 1 month later, respectively. CONCLUSION These findings offer initial support for the prognostic utility of salivary cortisol and CRP and their balance as determinants of psychological health in healthy adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ted C T Fong
- Centre on Behavioral Health, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Rainbow T H Ho
- Centre on Behavioral Health, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong; Dept of Social Work & Social Administration, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong.
| | - Joshua C Y Yau
- Centre on Behavioral Health, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
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21
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Krittanawong C, Maitra NS, Hassan Virk HU, Fogg S, Wang Z, Kaplin S, Gritsch D, Storch EA, Tobler PN, Charney DS, Levine GN. Association of Optimism with Cardiovascular Events and All-Cause Mortality: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Am J Med 2022; 135:856-863.e2. [PMID: 35123934 DOI: 10.1016/j.amjmed.2021.12.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2021] [Revised: 12/27/2021] [Accepted: 12/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The effect of psychological health on cardiovascular disease is an underappreciated yet important area of study. Understanding the relationship between these two entities may allow for more comprehensive care of those with cardiovascular disease. The primary objective of this meta-analysis is to evaluate the relationship between optimism and risk of developing adverse events such as all-cause mortality or fatal and non-fatal cardiovascular disease in community-based populations. METHOD A systematic search of electronic databases was conducted from inception through November 2021 for prospective studies evaluating optimism and adverse outcomes. Two reviewers independently selected prospective cohort studies that evaluated optimism and either all-cause mortality or cardiovascular disease and reported hazard ratios of these outcomes between optimistic and non-optimistic groups. Studies that reported odds ratio or other risk assessments were excluded. Pooled hazard ratios were calculated in random-effects meta-analyses. RESULTS Pooled analysis of six studies (n = 181,709) showed a pooled hazard ratio of 0.87 (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.82-0.92) for all-cause mortality among those with more optimistic mindset. Analysis of seven studies (n = 201,210) showed a pooled hazard ratio of 0.59 (95% CI, 0.37-0.93) for cardiovascular disease and pooled hazard ratio of 0.57 (95% CI, 0.07-4.56) for stroke. CONCLUSIONS In this pooled meta-analysis, optimism was associated with a reduced risk of all-cause mortality and of cardiovascular disease. These results suggest an important relationship between psychological health and cardiovascular disease that may serve as an area for intervention by clinicians.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Hafeez Ul Hassan Virk
- Harrington Heart & Vascular Institute, Case Western Reserve University, University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center, Ohio
| | - Sonya Fogg
- Library and Learning Resource Center, Texas Heart Institute, Houston
| | - Zhen Wang
- Mayo Clinic Evidence-based Practice Center, Rochester, Minn; Robert D. and Patricia E. Kern Center for the Science of Health Care Delivery; Division of Health Care Policy and Research, Department of Health Sciences Research, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minn
| | - Scott Kaplin
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY
| | | | - Eric A Storch
- Menninger Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
| | - Philippe N Tobler
- Laboratory for Social and Neural Systems Research, Department of Economics, University of Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Dennis S Charney
- Department of Psychiatry, Depression and Anxiety Center for Discovery and Treatment, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY
| | - Glenn N Levine
- Section of Cardiology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
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22
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Düpjan S, Dawkins MS. Animal Welfare and Resistance to Disease: Interaction of Affective States and the Immune System. Front Vet Sci 2022; 9:929805. [PMID: 35774975 PMCID: PMC9237619 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2022.929805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2022] [Accepted: 05/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Good management and improved standards of animal welfare are discussed as important ways of reducing the risk of infection in farm animals without medication. Increasing evidence from both humans and animals suggests that environments that promote wellbeing over stress and positive over negative emotions can reduce susceptibility to disease and/or lead to milder symptoms. We point out, however, that the relationship between welfare, immunity, and disease is highly complex and we caution against claiming more than the current evidence shows. The accumulating but sometimes equivocal evidence of close links between the brain, the gut microbiome, immunity, and welfare are discussed in the context of the known links between mental and physical health in humans. This evidence not only provides empirical support for the importance of good welfare as preventative medicine in animals but also indicates a variety of mechanisms by which good welfare can directly influence disease resistance. Finally, we outline what still needs to be done to explore the potential preventative effects of good welfare.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandra Düpjan
- Institute of Behavioural Physiology, Research Institute for Farm Animal Biology (FBN), Dummerstorf, Germany
| | - Marian Stamp Dawkins
- Department of Zoology, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
- *Correspondence: Marian Stamp Dawkins
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23
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de Vries LP, van de Weijer MP, Bartels M. The human physiology of well-being: A systematic review on the association between neurotransmitters, hormones, inflammatory markers, the microbiome and well-being. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2022; 139:104733. [PMID: 35697161 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2022.104733] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2021] [Revised: 03/09/2022] [Accepted: 06/07/2022] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
To understand the pathways through which well-being contributes to health, we performed a systematic review according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis (PRISMA) guidelines on the association between well-being and physiological markers in four categories, neurotransmitters, hormones, inflammatory markers, and microbiome. We identified 91 studies. Neurotransmitter studies (knumber of studies=9) reported only a possible positive association between serotonin and well-being. For the hormone studies (k = 48), a lower momentary cortisol level was related to higher well-being (meta-analytic r = -0.06), and a steeper diurnal slope of cortisol levels. Inflammatory marker studies (k = 36) reported negative or non-significant relations with well-being, with meta-analytic estimates of respectively r = -0.07 and r = -0.05 for C-reactive protein and interleukin-6. Microbiome studies (k = 4) reported inconsistent associations between different bacteria abundance and well-being. The results indicate possible but small roles of serotonin, cortisol, and inflammatory markers in explaining differences in well-being. The inconsistent and limited results for other markers and microbiome require further research. Future directions for a complete picture of the physiological factors underlying well-being are proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lianne P de Vries
- Department of Biological Psychology, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, Amsterdam University Medical Centres, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.
| | - Margot P van de Weijer
- Department of Biological Psychology, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, Amsterdam University Medical Centres, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Meike Bartels
- Department of Biological Psychology, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, Amsterdam University Medical Centres, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
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24
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Cattaneo G, Solana-Sánchez J, Abellaneda-Pérez K, Portellano-Ortiz C, Delgado-Gallén S, Alviarez Schulze V, Pachón-García C, Zetterberg H, Tormos JM, Pascual-Leone A, Bartrés-Faz D. Sense of Coherence Mediates the Relationship Between Cognitive Reserve and Cognition in Middle-Aged Adults. Front Psychol 2022; 13:835415. [PMID: 35418913 PMCID: PMC8996461 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2022.835415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2021] [Accepted: 02/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
In recent years, supported by new scientific evidence, the conceptualization of cognitive reserve (CR) has been progressively enriched and now encompasses not only cognitive stimulating activities or educational level, but also lifestyle activities, such as leisure physical activity and socialization. In this context, there is increasing interest in understanding the role of psychological factors in brain health and cognitive functioning. In a previous study, we have found that these factors mediated the relationship between CR and self-reported cognitive functioning. In this study, we have confirmed an association between two important constructs included in the psychological wellbeing and salutogenic models, "purpose in life" and "sense of coherence," CR, as assessed using a questionnaire, and cognitive functioning, as evaluated using a comprehensive neuropsychological battery. Results from 888 middle-aged healthy participants from the Barcelona Brain Health Initiative indicate that both sense of coherence (SoC) and CR were positively associated with verbal memory, reasoning and attention, working memory, and global cognition. Moreover, the relation between CR and cognitive functioning in the different domains is partially mediated by SoC. When we controlled for brain integrity, introducing into the model neurofilament light chain measures, the mediator role of SoC was confirmed for reasoning and attention and global cognition. However, purpose in life was not associated with cognitive functioning. These results reveal the central role of the SoC construct, which mediates the association between classic CR estimates and cognitive functions, potentially representing a modifiable target for interventions that aim to promote brain health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriele Cattaneo
- Institut Guttmann, Institut Universitari de Neurorehabilitació adscrit a la UAB, Barcelona, Spain.,Departament de Medicina, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Spain.,Fundació Institut d'Investigació en Ciències de la Salut Germans Trias i Pujol, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Javier Solana-Sánchez
- Institut Guttmann, Institut Universitari de Neurorehabilitació adscrit a la UAB, Barcelona, Spain.,Departament de Medicina, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Spain.,Fundació Institut d'Investigació en Ciències de la Salut Germans Trias i Pujol, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Kilian Abellaneda-Pérez
- Departament de Medicina, Facultat de Medicina i Ciències de la Salut i Institut de Neurociències, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Cristina Portellano-Ortiz
- Departament de Medicina, Facultat de Medicina i Ciències de la Salut i Institut de Neurociències, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Selma Delgado-Gallén
- Institut Guttmann, Institut Universitari de Neurorehabilitació adscrit a la UAB, Barcelona, Spain.,Departament de Medicina, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Spain.,Fundació Institut d'Investigació en Ciències de la Salut Germans Trias i Pujol, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Vanessa Alviarez Schulze
- Institut Guttmann, Institut Universitari de Neurorehabilitació adscrit a la UAB, Barcelona, Spain.,Departament de Medicina, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Spain.,Fundació Institut d'Investigació en Ciències de la Salut Germans Trias i Pujol, Barcelona, Spain.,Departamento de Ciencias del Comportamiento, Escuela de Psicologéa, Universidad Metropolitana, Caracas, Venezuela
| | - Catherine Pachón-García
- Institut Guttmann, Institut Universitari de Neurorehabilitació adscrit a la UAB, Barcelona, Spain.,Departament de Medicina, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Spain.,Fundació Institut d'Investigació en Ciències de la Salut Germans Trias i Pujol, Barcelona, Spain
| | - H Zetterberg
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, The Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Mölndal, Sweden.,Clinical Neurochemistry Laboratory, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Mölndal, Sweden.,Department of Neurodegenerative Disease, UCL Institute of Neurology, London, United Kingdom.,UK Dementia Research Institute at UCL, London, United Kingdom.,Hong Kong Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Shatin, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Jose Maria Tormos
- Institut Guttmann, Institut Universitari de Neurorehabilitació adscrit a la UAB, Barcelona, Spain.,Departament de Medicina, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Spain.,Fundació Institut d'Investigació en Ciències de la Salut Germans Trias i Pujol, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Alvaro Pascual-Leone
- Institut Guttmann, Institut Universitari de Neurorehabilitació adscrit a la UAB, Barcelona, Spain.,Hinda and Arthur Marcus Institute for Aging Research and Deanna and Sidney Wolk Center for Memory Health, Hebrew SeniorLife, Boston, MA, United States.,Department of Neurology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - David Bartrés-Faz
- Institut Guttmann, Institut Universitari de Neurorehabilitació adscrit a la UAB, Barcelona, Spain.,Departament de Medicina, Facultat de Medicina i Ciències de la Salut i Institut de Neurociències, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer, Barcelona, Spain
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25
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Liu J, Zhang Y, Li X, Wang D, Shi B, You Y, Min L, Luo B, Li Y, Di Q, Ma X. Exercise improves mental health status of young adults via attenuating inflammation factors but modalities matter. Front Psychiatry 2022; 13:1067890. [PMID: 36590621 PMCID: PMC9795189 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2022.1067890] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2022] [Accepted: 11/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The mental health of young adults is a global public health challenge. Numerous studies have demonstrated that exercise benefits mental health. However, it is still unclear which exercise mode is optimal for protecting mental health and its association with the immune system. This study aimed to compare the intervention effect of high-intensity interval training (HIIT) and moderate-to-vigorous intensity continuous training (MVCT) on mental health and assess the underlying mechanism of exercise interventions to improve the immune system, which facilitated the mental health status. METHODS This is a double-blinded RCT study conducted from October 13, 2020 to January 25, 2021 (ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT04830059). Ninety-three participants who met the inclusion criteria were randomized into the HIIT (N = 33), MVCT (N = 32), and control groups (N = 28) with a mean age of 25.26 (SD = 2.21), and 43% of males enrolled in the study. Professional coaches guided participants in HIIT and MVCT groups to perform 40 min of exercise training three times a week for 12-week while those in the control group received 1 h of health education twice a week. Questionnaires related to mental health status and blood samples of inflammatory factors, including immunoglobulin A (IgA), immunoglobulin M (IgM), albumin (Alb), globulin (GLO), lymphocytes (LYM), and lymphocyte percentage (LYM) were assessed before and after the intervention. RESULTS We found that blood inflammation factors increased significantly in the control group during 12 weeks (ΔIgA = 0.16 g/L, ΔIgM = 0.092 g/L, ΔAlb = 2.59 g/L, ΔGlo = 3.08 g/L, ΔLYM = 0.36, and ΔLYM% = 3.72%, p < 0.05), and both MVCT and HIIT intervention could effectively defend the increased inflammatory response compared with the control group (IgA: MVCT β = -0.14, p < 0.001, HIIT β = -0.096, p < 0.05; IgM: MVCT β = -0.12, p < 0.001; HIIT β = -0.068, p < 0.05; Alb: MVCT β = -1.64, p < 0.05, HIIT β = -1.14, p > 0.05; Glo: MVCT β = -3.17, p < 0.001, HIIT β = -2.07, p < 0.01; LYM: MVCT β = -0.34, p < 0.05, HIIT β = -0.35, p < 0.05). However, the MVCT intervention modality was more conducive to enhancing positive affect (β = 0.52, p = 0.018) and well-being (β = 1.08, p = 0.035) than HIIT. Furthermore, decreased IgA, Alb, and Glo were associated with improved mental health. CONCLUSION Both 12-week HIIT and MVCT are beneficial to the immune system. The MVCT intervention mode is recommended to prevent mental health problems and attenuate immune inflammation, and the immune system is a potential mechanism that exercises improving mental health. CLINICAL TRIAL REGISTRATION [ClinicalTrials.gov], identifier [NCT04830059].
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianxiu Liu
- Vanke School of Public Health, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China.,Division of Sports Science and Physical Education, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Yao Zhang
- Soochow College, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Xingtian Li
- Division of Sports Science and Physical Education, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Dizhi Wang
- Division of Sports Science and Physical Education, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Bolan Shi
- China Athletics College, Beijing Sport University, Beijing, China
| | - Yanwei You
- Division of Sports Science and Physical Education, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Leizi Min
- Division of Sports Science and Physical Education, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Bicheng Luo
- Division of Sports Science and Physical Education, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Yanchun Li
- China Academy of Sports and Health, Beijing Sport University, Beijing, China
| | - Qian Di
- Vanke School of Public Health, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China.,Institute for Healthy China, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Xindong Ma
- Division of Sports Science and Physical Education, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China.,IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
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26
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Pyne T, Ghosh P, Dhauria M, Ganguly K, Sengupta D, Nandagopal K, Sengupta M, Das M. Prioritization of human well-being spectrum related GWAS-SNVs using ENCODE-based web-tools predict interplay between PSMC3, ITIH4, and SERPINC1 genes in modulating well-being. J Psychiatr Res 2021; 145:92-101. [PMID: 34883412 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpsychires.2021.11.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2020] [Revised: 04/16/2021] [Accepted: 11/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Several traits related to positive and negative affect show a high genetic as well as phenotypic correlation with well-being in humans, and are therefore collectively termed as "Well-being spectrum". Genome-Wide Association studies (GWA studies) on "well-being measurement" have led to identification of several genomic variants (Single Nucleotide Variants - SNVs), but very little has been explained with respect to their functionality and mode of alteration of well-being. Utilizing a pool of 1258 GWA studies based SNVs on "well-being measurement", we prioritized the SNVs and tried to annotate well-being related functionality through several bioinformatic tools to predict whether a protein sequence variation affects protein function, as well as experimentally validated datasets available in ENCODE based web-tools namely rSNPBase, RegulomeDB, Haploreg, along with GTEx Portal and STRING based protein interaction networks. Prioritization yielded three key SNVs; rs3781627-A, rs13072536-T and 5877-C potentially regulating three genes, PSMC3, ITIH4 and SERPINC1, respectively. Interestingly, the genes showed well clustered protein-protein interaction (maximum combined confidence score >0.4) with other well-being candidate genes, namely TNF and CRP genes suggesting their important role in modulation of well-being. PSMC3 and ITIH4 genes are also involved in driving acute phase responses signifying a probable cross-talk between well-being and psychoneuroimmunological system. To best of our knowledge this study is the first of its kind where the well-being associated GWA studies-SNVs were prioritized and functionally annotated, majorly based on functional data available in public domain, which revealed PSMC3, ITIH4 and SERPINC1 genes as probable candidates in regulation of well-being spectrum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tushar Pyne
- Department of Genetics, University of Calcutta, 35 Ballygunge Circular Road, Kolkata, 700019, India
| | - Poulomi Ghosh
- Department of Genetics, University of Calcutta, 35 Ballygunge Circular Road, Kolkata, 700019, India
| | - Mrinmay Dhauria
- Department of Genetics, University of Calcutta, 35 Ballygunge Circular Road, Kolkata, 700019, India
| | - Kausik Ganguly
- Department of Genetics, University of Calcutta, 35 Ballygunge Circular Road, Kolkata, 700019, India
| | - Debmalya Sengupta
- Department of Genetics, University of Calcutta, 35 Ballygunge Circular Road, Kolkata, 700019, India
| | - Krishnadas Nandagopal
- Department of Genetics, University of Calcutta, 35 Ballygunge Circular Road, Kolkata, 700019, India
| | - Mainak Sengupta
- Department of Genetics, University of Calcutta, 35 Ballygunge Circular Road, Kolkata, 700019, India.
| | - Madhusudan Das
- Department of Zoology, University of Calcutta, 35 Ballygunge Circular Road, Kolkata, West Bengal, 700019, India.
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27
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Santiago T, Santos E, Duarte AC, Martins P, Sousa M, Guimarães F, Azevedo S, Ferreira RM, Guerra M, Cordeiro A, Cordeiro I, Pimenta S, Pinto P, Pinto AM, Salvador MJ, Silva JAPD. Happiness, quality of life and their determinants among people with systemic sclerosis: a structural equation modelling approach. Rheumatology (Oxford) 2021; 60:4717-4727. [PMID: 33521812 DOI: 10.1093/rheumatology/keab083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2020] [Accepted: 01/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Patients' objectives and experiences must be core to the study and management of chronic diseases, such as SSc. Although patient-reported outcomes are attracting increasing attention, evaluation of the impact of disease on the overall subjective well-being, equivalent to 'happiness', is remarkably lacking. OBJECTIVES To examine the determinants of happiness and quality of life in patients with SSc, with emphasis on disease features and personality traits. METHODS Observational, cross-sectional multicentre study, including 142 patients, with complete data regarding disease activity, disease impact, personality, health-related quality of life (HR-QoL) and happiness. Structural equation modelling was used to evaluate the association between the variables. RESULTS The results indicated an acceptable fit of the model to the data. Perceived disease impact had a significant negative direct relation with HR-QoL (β = -0.79, P < 0.001) and with happiness (β = -0.52, P < 0.001). Positive personality traits had a positive relation with happiness (β = 0.36, P = 0.002) and an important indirect association upon QoL (β = 0.43) and happiness (β = 0.23). Perceived disease impact is influenced by body image, fatigue and SSc-related disability to a higher degree (β = 0.6-0.7) than by disease activity (β = 0.28) or form (β = 0.17). Impact of disease had a much stronger relation with HR-QoL than with happiness. CONCLUSIONS The results suggest that treatment strategies targeting not only disease control but also the mitigation of relevant domains of disease impact (body image, fatigue, global disability) may be important to improve patients' experience of the disease. The reinforcement of resilience factors, such as positive psychological traits, may also play a contributory role towards better patient outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tânia Santiago
- Rheumatology Department, Centro Hospitalar e Universitário de Coimbra.,Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra
| | - Eduardo Santos
- Rheumatology Department, Centro Hospitalar e Universitário de Coimbra.,Health Sciences Research Unit: Nursing (UICISA: E), Nursing School of Coimbra (ESEnfC), Coimbra
| | | | - Patrícia Martins
- Serviço de Reumatologia e Doenças Ósseas Metabólicas, Hospital de Santa Maria, Centro Hospitalar Universitário Lisboa Norte, CHULN.,Unidade de Investigação em Reumatologia, Instituto de Medicina Molecular, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Centro Académico de Medicina de Lisboa, Lisboa
| | - Marlene Sousa
- Rheumatology Department, Centro Hospitalar e Universitário de Coimbra.,Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra
| | | | | | | | - Miguel Guerra
- Centro Hospitalar Vila Nova Gaia/Espinho, Vila Nova de Gaia
| | | | - Inês Cordeiro
- Serviço de Reumatologia e Doenças Ósseas Metabólicas, Hospital de Santa Maria, Centro Hospitalar Universitário Lisboa Norte, CHULN.,Unidade de Investigação em Reumatologia, Instituto de Medicina Molecular, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Centro Académico de Medicina de Lisboa, Lisboa
| | | | - Patrícia Pinto
- Centro Hospitalar Vila Nova Gaia/Espinho, Vila Nova de Gaia
| | - Ana Margarida Pinto
- Center for Research in Neuropsychology and Cognitive and Behavioral Intervention (CINEICC), Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences.,Psychological Medicine Institute, Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Maria João Salvador
- Rheumatology Department, Centro Hospitalar e Universitário de Coimbra.,Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra
| | - José António P da Silva
- Rheumatology Department, Centro Hospitalar e Universitário de Coimbra.,Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra
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28
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Cuneo MG, Szeto A, Schrepf A, Thaker PH, Goodheart M, Cole SW, Sood AK, McCabe PM, Mendez AJ, Lutgendorf SK. Positive Psychosocial Factors and Oxytocin in the Ovarian Tumor Microenvironment. Psychosom Med 2021; 83:417-422. [PMID: 34080583 PMCID: PMC8175871 DOI: 10.1097/psy.0000000000000935] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Clinical ovarian cancer research shows relationships between psychosocial factors and disease-promoting aspects of the stress response (e.g., norepinephrine and cortisol). However, little is known about how psychosocial factors might relate to beneficial hormones in the ovarian tumor microenvironment. Here we examine relationships between psychosocial factors and tumor-associated oxytocin, a hormone linked to survival and antitumor processes in ovarian cancer. METHODS Patients with ovarian cancer (n = 96) completed assessments of positive psychosocial factors (social support, positive affect, and purpose in life) and distress (perceived stress and depression) at the time of surgery. Levels of oxytocin and interleukin (IL) 6 in ascites fluid were obtained during surgery and analyzed by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Multiple regression analyses adjusting a priori for patient age and disease stage examined associations between psychosocial factors and ascites oxytocin. IL-6 was used as a covariate in secondary analyses to examine the potentially confounding effects of inflammation in these relationships. RESULTS Higher levels of positive affect (β = 0.22, p = .034), purpose in life (β = 0.31, p = .021), and social nurturance (β = 0.24, p = .024) were all related to higher levels of tumor-associated oxytocin at the time of surgery. In contrast, we found no effects for distress or social attachment. Relationships between oxytocin, purpose in life, and social nurturance were independent of IL-6, whereas positive affect was no longer significant with IL-6 in the model. CONCLUSIONS Tumor-associated oxytocin may be a previously uninvestigated link in the relationship between psychosocial factors and health in ovarian cancer. Future studies should examine causal mechanisms of relationships observed in this study.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Andrew Schrepf
- Department of Psychological & Brain Sciences,
University of Iowa
| | - Premal H. Thaker
- Division of Gynecologic Oncology, Department of Obstetrics
and Gynecology, Washington University School of Medicine
| | - Michael Goodheart
- Holden Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of
Iowa
- Division of Gynecologic Oncology, Department of Obstetrics
and Gynecology, University of Iowa
| | - Steve W. Cole
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology/Oncology and
Molecular Biology Institute, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of
California, Los Angeles
| | - Anil K. Sood
- Departments of Gynecologic Oncology, Cancer Biology and
Center for RNA Interference and Noncoding RNA, University of Texas M.D. Anderson
Cancer Center
| | | | - Armando J. Mendez
- Diabetes Research Institute, Division of Endocrinology,
Diabetes and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Miller School of Medicine,
University of Miami
| | - Susan K. Lutgendorf
- Department of Psychological & Brain Sciences,
University of Iowa
- Holden Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of
Iowa
- Division of Gynecologic Oncology, Department of Obstetrics
and Gynecology, University of Iowa
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29
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Bondy E, Norton SA, Voss M, Marks RB, Boudreaux MJ, Treadway MT, Oltmanns TF, Bogdan R. Inflammation is associated with future depressive symptoms among older adults. Brain Behav Immun Health 2021; 13:100226. [PMID: 34589741 PMCID: PMC8474183 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbih.2021.100226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2021] [Revised: 02/12/2021] [Accepted: 02/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
Inflammation has been reliably associated with depression. However, the directionality of this association is poorly understood, with evidence that elevated inflammation may promote and precede the development of depression, as well as arise following its expression. Using data from older adults (N = 1,072, ages 60-73) who participated in the ongoing longitudinal St. Louis Personality and Aging Network (SPAN) study, we examined whether inflammatory markers (interleukin-6: IL-6, C-reactive protein: CRP, and tumor necrosis factor α: TNFα) and depression were prospectively predictive of one another. Fasting serum samples and self-reports of depressive symptoms (Beck Depression Inventory-II) were obtained from participants at 2 sessions approximately 2 years apart. Structural equation models as well as regressions that accounted for a host of potentially confounding covariates and depression at baseline revealed that baseline IL-6 and CRP, but not baseline TNFα were associated with elevated depressive symptoms at the follow-up session (IL-6: β = 0.080, p = 0.036; CRP: β = 0.083, p = 0.03; TNFα: β = 0.039, p = 0.314). However, there was no association between baseline depressive symptoms and follow-up inflammatory markers (βs = -0.12 to -0.006, all ps > 0.05). Collectively, these data suggest that inflammation prospectively predicts depression, but depression does not predict inflammation in older age. These data add to a growing literature suggesting that inflammatory signaling may plausibly promote the development of depression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erin Bondy
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Washington University in St. Louis, USA
| | - Sara A Norton
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Washington University in St. Louis, USA
| | - Michaela Voss
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Washington University in St. Louis, USA
| | - Rebecca B Marks
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Washington University in St. Louis, USA
| | - Michael J Boudreaux
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Washington University in St. Louis, USA
| | | | - Thomas F Oltmanns
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Washington University in St. Louis, USA
| | - Ryan Bogdan
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Washington University in St. Louis, USA
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30
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Boehm JK. Positive psychological well‐being and cardiovascular disease: Exploring mechanistic and developmental pathways. SOCIAL AND PERSONALITY PSYCHOLOGY COMPASS 2021; 15:e12599. [PMID: 35860033 PMCID: PMC9285725 DOI: 10.1111/spc3.12599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2020] [Revised: 01/15/2021] [Accepted: 03/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Empirical research regarding the health benefits of positive psychological well‐being (e.g., positive emotions, life satisfaction, purpose in life, and optimism) has flourished in recent years, particularly with regard to cardiovascular disease. This paper reviews the state of evidence for well‐being's association with cardiovascular disease in both healthy individuals and those diagnosed with a disease. Prospective studies consistently indicate well‐being reduces cardiovascular events in healthy and, to a lesser extent, patient populations. Potential pathways that link well‐being with cardiovascular disease are discussed (including health behaviors, physiological processes, and stress buffering), although the existing evidence is mostly cross‐sectional which limits conclusions about directionality. Issues related to development across the lifespan are considered and childhood is identified as a crucial period for establishing healthy cardiovascular trajectories. Outstanding questions for future research are provided with recommendations to focus on well‐powered and prospective study designs with rigorous assessment of both well‐being and cardiovascular‐related outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia K. Boehm
- Department of Psychology Chapman University Orange California USA
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31
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Luo F, Guo L, Thapa A, Yu B. Social isolation and depression onset among middle-aged and older adults in China: Moderating effects of education and gender differences. J Affect Disord 2021; 283:71-76. [PMID: 33524661 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2021.01.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2020] [Revised: 01/03/2021] [Accepted: 01/07/2021] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Most studies exploring the association between social isolation and depression tend to focus on Western countries. The primary aim of this longitudinal study was to examine the association between social isolation and depression onset among middle-aged and older adults in China. METHODS Data on 6,817 participants (mean age = 57.91, SD = 8.77; men, 52.1%) from the first and fourth waves of the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study (CHARLS) were analyzed. Binary logistic regressions were used to evaluate the association between social isolation and depression onset. The moderating effects of socioeconomic status (education) and gender differences were also examined. RESULTS Social isolation was significantly associated with depression onset (OR = 1.24, 95% CI = 1.10-1.41). Compared to men with lower education (OR = 0.97, 95% CI = 0.77-1.23), those with higher education (OR = 1.91, 95% CI = 1.40-2.60) exhibited a greater association between social isolation and depression onset. Moderating effect of education was not found for women. LIMITATIONS Depression were self-reported, which might be less reliable than clinical interview. CONCLUSIONS Our results suggested that high level of social isolation was significantly associated with a higher incidence of depression among middle-aged and older adults in China. Education played a moderating role in this association for men rather than women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fengping Luo
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Lizhi Guo
- School of Education, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China; Institute of Applied Psychology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China
| | - Amrish Thapa
- Department of Medicine, Tianjin First Central Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Bin Yu
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China.
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Levine GN, Cohen BE, Commodore-Mensah Y, Fleury J, Huffman JC, Khalid U, Labarthe DR, Lavretsky H, Michos ED, Spatz ES, Kubzansky LD. Psychological Health, Well-Being, and the Mind-Heart-Body Connection: A Scientific Statement From the American Heart Association. Circulation 2021; 143:e763-e783. [PMID: 33486973 DOI: 10.1161/cir.0000000000000947] [Citation(s) in RCA: 252] [Impact Index Per Article: 84.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
As clinicians delivering health care, we are very good at treating disease but often not as good at treating the person. The focus of our attention has been on the specific physical condition rather than the patient as a whole. Less attention has been given to psychological health and how that can contribute to physical health and disease. However, there is now an increasing appreciation of how psychological health can contribute not only in a negative way to cardiovascular disease (CVD) but also in a positive way to better cardiovascular health and reduced cardiovascular risk. This American Heart Association scientific statement was commissioned to evaluate, synthesize, and summarize for the health care community knowledge to date on the relationship between psychological health and cardiovascular health and disease and to suggest simple steps to screen for, and ultimately improve, the psychological health of patients with and at risk for CVD. Based on current study data, the following statements can be made: There are good data showing clear associations between psychological health and CVD and risk; there is increasing evidence that psychological health may be causally linked to biological processes and behaviors that contribute to and cause CVD; the preponderance of data suggest that interventions to improve psychological health can have a beneficial impact on cardiovascular health; simple screening measures can be used by health care providers for patients with or at risk for CVD to assess psychological health status; and consideration of psychological health is advisable in the evaluation and management of patients with or at risk for CVD.
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Sobhani Z, Amini M, Hosseini SV, Khazraei S, Khazraei H. Self-Efficacy, Happiness and Psychological Well-Being After Sleeve Gastrectomy. World J Surg 2020; 44:4193-4196. [PMID: 32901326 DOI: 10.1007/s00268-020-05761-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Sleeve gastrectomy (SG) is an effective treatment for patients with severe obesity and it leads to significant weight loss and promotes the quality of life. The aim of this study was evaluating the relationship between self-efficacy, happiness and psychological well-being after sleeve gastrectomy. METHODS One hundred patients that underwent SG were participated in this study. They were asked to fill questionnaires 12 months after surgery. To assess self-efficacy, Sherer and et al. scale, for happiness, oxford happiness scale and for psychological well-being, Ryff scale were used. Regression analysis was used on psychological well-being and happiness for evaluating the prediction of self-efficacy. RESULTS The results showed that 44% of happiness and 4% of psychological well-being were determined by self-efficacy after surgery. CONCLUSION Based on these findings, self-efficacy is a significant predictor of psychological well-being and happiness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zahra Sobhani
- Laparoscopy Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Masood Amini
- Laparoscopy Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | | | - Samaneh Khazraei
- Department of Psychiatry, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Hajar Khazraei
- Colorectal Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.
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Lahti-Pulkkinen M, Girchenko P, Robinson R, Lehto SM, Toffol E, Heinonen K, Reynolds RM, Kajantie E, Laivuori H, Villa PM, Hämäläinen E, Lahti J, Räikkönen K. Maternal depression and inflammation during pregnancy. Psychol Med 2020; 50:1839-1851. [PMID: 31439060 DOI: 10.1017/s0033291719001909] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Maternal depression during pregnancy increases the risk for adverse developmental outcomes in children. However, the underpinning biological mechanisms remain unknown. We tested whether depression was associated with levels of and change in the inflammatory state during pregnancy, if early pregnancy overweight/obesity or diabetes/hypertensive pregnancy disorders accounted for/mediated these effects, and if depression added to the inflammation that typically accompanies these conditions. METHODS We analyzed plasma high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hsCRP) and glycoprotein acetyls at three consecutive stages during pregnancy, derived history of depression diagnoses before pregnancy from Care Register for Healthcare (HILMO) (N = 375) and self-reports (N = 347) and depressive symptoms during pregnancy using the Center for Epidemiological Studies Depression Scale completed concurrently to blood samplings (N = 295). Data on early pregnancy body mass index (BMI) and diabetes/hypertensive pregnancy disorders came from medical records. RESULTS Higher overall hsCRP levels, but not change, during pregnancy were predicted by history of depression diagnosis before pregnancy [HILMO: mean difference (MD) = 0.69 standard deviation (s.d.) units; 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.26-1.11, self-report: MD = 0.56 s.d.; 95% CI 0.17-0.94] and higher depressive symptoms during pregnancy (0.06 s.d. per s.d. increase; 95% CI 0.00-0.13). History of depression diagnosis before pregnancy also predicted higher overall glycoprotein acetyls (HILMO: MD = 0.52 s.d.; 95% CI 0.12-0.93). These associations were not explained by diabetes/hypertensive disorders, but were accounted for and mediated by early pregnancy BMI. Furthermore, in obese women, overall hsCRP levels increased as depressive symptoms during pregnancy increased (p = 0.006 for interaction). CONCLUSIONS Depression is associated with a proinflammatory state during pregnancy. These associations are mediated by early pregnancy BMI, and depressive symptoms during pregnancy aggravate the inflammation related to obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marius Lahti-Pulkkinen
- Department of Psychology and Logopedics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland
- Centre for Cardiovascular Science, Queen's Medical Research Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Polina Girchenko
- Department of Psychology and Logopedics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Rachel Robinson
- Department of Psychology and Logopedics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Soili M Lehto
- Department of Psychology and Logopedics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
- Department of Psychiatry, Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Elena Toffol
- Department of Psychology and Logopedics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Kati Heinonen
- Department of Psychology and Logopedics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Rebecca M Reynolds
- Centre for Cardiovascular Science, Queen's Medical Research Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Eero Kajantie
- National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland
- Children's Hospital, Helsinki University Hospital and University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- PEDEGO Research Unit, MRC Oulu, Oulu University Hospital and University of Oulu, OuluFinland
| | - Hannele Laivuori
- Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Medical and Clinical Genetics; Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (FIMM), Helsinki Institute of Life Science, Helsinki, Finland
- Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences, University of Tampere, Tampere, Finland
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Tampere University Hospital, Tampere, Finland
| | - Pia M Villa
- Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Esa Hämäläinen
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Jari Lahti
- Department of Psychology and Logopedics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Helsinki Collegium for Advanced Studies, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Turku Institute for Advanced Studies, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Katri Räikkönen
- Department of Psychology and Logopedics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
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Fredrickson BL, Arizmendi C, Van Cappellen P. Same-day, cross-day, and upward spiral relations between positive affect and positive health behaviours. Psychol Health 2020; 36:444-460. [PMID: 32538212 DOI: 10.1080/08870446.2020.1778696] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This project investigated same-day and lagged (i.e., from one day to the next) associations between daily positive affect and three distinct positive health behaviours: physical activity, fruit and vegetable intake, and meditation. Cross-day analyses also examined the role of positive affect felt during the targeted health behaviours. DESIGN Secondary data analyses used a 9-week daily diary study in which midlife adults (N = 217) were randomized to learn one of two contemplative practices (i.e., mindfulness meditation or loving-kindness meditation) while reporting nightly on their emotions and health behaviours. RESULTS Results of same-day analyses revealed positive associations, both between-person and within-person, for the three positive health behaviours with daily positive affect. Results of lagged analyses revealed that positive affect experienced during fruit and vegetable intake on a given day predicted next-day fruit and vegetable intake, and that fruit and vegetable intake on a given day predicted next-day positive affect. CONCLUSION The observed same-day relations between daily positive affect and engagement in positive health behaviours illuminate one path through which positive affect may contribute to health. The observed cross-day relations reveal a need for interdisciplinary research on mechanisms through which fruit and vegetable intake may shape next-day positive affect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbara L Fredrickson
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Cara Arizmendi
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
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Slavish DC, Jones DR, Smyth JM, Engeland CG, Song S, McCormick NM, Graham-Engeland JE. Positive and Negative Affect and Salivary Markers of Inflammation Among Young Adults. Int J Behav Med 2020; 27:282-293. [PMID: 31222631 PMCID: PMC8374836 DOI: 10.1007/s12529-019-09795-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Emerging evidence suggests that higher circulating levels of inflammatory biomarkers in blood are associated with higher negative affect (NA) and lower positive affect (PA). To our knowledge, the unique associations between NA and PA in daily life and salivary biomarkers of inflammation have not been examined. This study examined these associations in young adults. METHODS Measures of NA and PA were created from aggregated daily measures of affect (morning and evening ratings averaged across 14 days). We investigated associations between these measures and salivary C-reactive protein (CRP) and interleukin (IL)-6 in a sample of 108 young adults (60% female, mean age = 20.45 ± 1.47), a subset of whom had self-reported chronic back pain (n = 49). CRP and IL-6 were determined from saliva obtained at the end of the daily diary period. RESULTS After covarying for age, gender, body mass index, chronic pain status, salivary flow rate, and NA, higher PA was associated with lower salivary CRP (β = - 0.02, 95% CI (- 0.03, - 0.00) sr2 = .06, p = .01) but not IL-6; removing NA from this model did not change results. In a model with the same covariates (and PA), NA was not significantly related to CRP or IL-6. Chronic back pain status and gender did not moderate results. CONCLUSIONS Findings suggest that higher PA may be associated with lower salivary CRP in young adults, even after accounting for NA and demographic characteristics. Findings highlight the utility of assessing emotional states in relation to salivary markers of inflammation in future biobehavioral research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danica C Slavish
- Department of Psychology, University of North Texas, Denton, TX, USA.
| | - Dusti R Jones
- Department of Biobehavioral Health, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA
- Center for Healthy Aging, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA
| | - Joshua M Smyth
- Department of Biobehavioral Health, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA
- Center for Healthy Aging, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA
- Department of Medicine, The Pennsylvania State University, Hershey, PA, USA
| | - Christopher G Engeland
- Department of Biobehavioral Health, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA
- Center for Healthy Aging, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA
- College of Nursing, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA
| | - Sunmi Song
- Department of Public Health Sciences, BK21PLUS Program in Embodiment: Health-Society Interaction, Graduate School, Korea University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Nolan M McCormick
- Department of Biobehavioral Health, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA
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Lewis CR, Sowards HA, Huentelman MJ, Doane LD, Lemery-Chalfant K. Epigenetic differences in inflammation genes of monozygotic twins are related to parent-child emotional availability and health. Brain Behav Immun Health 2020; 5:100084. [PMID: 34589859 PMCID: PMC8474531 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbih.2020.100084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2020] [Accepted: 05/16/2020] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
The inflammatory response is an immune defense engaged immediately after injury or infection. Chronic inflammation can be deleterious for various health outcomes and is characterized by high levels of pro-inflammatory markers such as C-reactive protein (CRP), interleukin 6 (IL-6), and tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α). A large body of research demonstrates these inflammatory markers are responsive to stress and quality of social relationships throughout the lifespan. For example, the quality of the early parental bond predicts various health outcomes and may be driven by changes in immune function. Epigenetic processes, such as DNA methylation, may be one mechanism by which early social experiences shape immune functioning. The present study used a monozygotic twin difference design to assess if mother-reported emotional availability at 1 year and 2.5 years predicted immune gene methylation at 8 years of age. Further, we assessed if inflammation gene methylation was related to general health problems (e.g. infections, allergies, etc.). We found that mother-reported emotional availability at 1 year, but not 2.5 years, was related to methylation of various immune genes in monozygotic twins. Furthermore, twin pairs discordant in health problems have more difference in immune gene methylation compared to twin pairs concordant for health problems, suggesting that methylation of immune genes may have functional consequences for general health. These results suggest that the emotional component of attachment quality during infancy contributes to immune epigenetic profiles in childhood, which may influence general health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Candace R Lewis
- Translational Genomics Research Institute, Neurogenomics Division, United States.,Arizona State University, Psychology Department, United States
| | | | - Matthew J Huentelman
- Translational Genomics Research Institute, Neurogenomics Division, United States
| | - Leah D Doane
- Arizona State University, Psychology Department, United States
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Changes in Emotional Vitality as a Predictor of Levels and Change in Allostatic Load: Longitudinal Results From the Whitehall II Cohort Study. Psychosom Med 2020; 82:432-439. [PMID: 32108741 DOI: 10.1097/psy.0000000000000791] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Increasing evidence has shown an association between reduced psychological well-being and long-term morbidity. However, longitudinal studies addressing potential biobehavioral mechanisms, such as physiological function, are lacking. The aim of this study is to examine the association between changes in emotional vitality on levels and changes in allostatic load (AL), a measure of multisystem physiological dysregulation, as well as its composite risk markers. METHODS Participants comprised 5919 British civil servants from phases 3, 5, and 7 of the Whitehall II study. Psychological well-being was operationalized as emotional vitality. AL was measured using nine biomarkers of the cardiovascular, metabolic, and immune system. Linear mixed-effect models were used to determine the association between changes in emotional vitality between phases 3 and 5 and subsequent levels and change in AL from phases 5 to 7. Generalized linear models were used to address the association between changes in emotional vitality and individual risk markers. RESULTS Increase in emotional vitality was associated with a lower mean level of AL, whereas the AL slope was not markedly affected. Among the included risk markers, only interleukin-6 was weakly associated with changes in emotional vitality, with a 7% reduced risk of high levels of interleukin-6 per one-unit increase in emotional vitality. CONCLUSION This study found that an increase in emotional vitality was associated with subsequent lower levels, but not rate of change, of AL over time. Further research is needed to address the relationship between trajectories of psychological well-being and physiological dysregulation.
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González-Moret R, Cebolla A, Cortés X, Baños RM, Navarrete J, de la Rubia JE, Lisón JF, Soria JM. The effect of a mindfulness-based therapy on different biomarkers among patients with inflammatory bowel disease: a randomised controlled trial. Sci Rep 2020; 10:6071. [PMID: 32269278 PMCID: PMC7142151 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-63168-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2019] [Accepted: 03/19/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Mindfulness-based interventions have shown some efficacy in decreasing stress levels and improving quality of life. However, so far, only a few studies have studied this type of intervention among patients with inflammatory bowel disease and none of them have studied their effects on inflammatory biomarkers. This current study was a two-armed, single-centre, randomised (2:1 ratio) controlled trial used to evaluate the effects of a mindfulness-based intervention (n = 37) compared to standard medical therapy (n = 20) in patients with Crohn’s disease or ulcerative colitis. The mindfulness intervention blended four internet-based therapy modules with four face-to-face support sessions. The outcomes we assessed were faecal calprotectin (primary outcome), C-reactive protein, and cortisol levels measured in hair samples at several timepoints. The between-group analysis highlighted significant decreases in faecal calprotectin and in C-reactive protein levels in the mindfulness-based intervention group compared to the standard medical therapy group at the six-month follow-up (faecal calprotectin: −367, [95% CI: −705, −29], P = 0.03; C-reactive protein: −2.82, [95% CI: −5.70, 0.08], P = 0.05), with moderate to large effect sizes (faecal calprotectin: ηp2 = 0.085; C-reactive protein: ηp2 = 0.066). We concluded that mindfulness-based therapy administered as part of standard clinical practice effectively improves inflammatory biomarkers in patients diagnosed with inflammatory bowel disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rafael González-Moret
- Department of Nursing, Universidad Cardenal Herrera-CEU, CEU Universities, Castellon, Spain
| | - Ausias Cebolla
- Department of Personality, Evaluation, and psychological treatments, Universidad de Valencia, Valencia, Spain.,Obesity and Nutrition Pathophysiology CIBER (CB06/03), Instituto Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Xavier Cortés
- Internal Medicine Service, Digestive Medicine Section, Hospital Universitario de Sagunto, Valencia, Spain
| | - Rosa M Baños
- Department of Personality, Evaluation, and psychological treatments, Universidad de Valencia, Valencia, Spain.,Obesity and Nutrition Pathophysiology CIBER (CB06/03), Instituto Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Jaime Navarrete
- Department of Personality, Evaluation, and psychological treatments, Universidad de Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | | | - Juan Francisco Lisón
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Universidad Cardenal Herrera-CEU Universities, Valencia, Spain.,Odisesas Institute, Universidad CEU Cardenal Herrera-CEU Universities, Valencia, Spain.,Department of Medicine, Universidad Cardenal Herrera-CEU, CEU Universities, Valencia, Spain.,Obesity and Nutrition Pathophysiology CIBER (CB06/03), Instituto Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - José Miguel Soria
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Universidad Cardenal Herrera-CEU Universities, Valencia, Spain. .,Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Universidad Cardenal Herrera-CEU Universities, Valencia, Spain. .,Odisesas Institute, Universidad CEU Cardenal Herrera-CEU Universities, Valencia, Spain.
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Fancourt D, Steptoe A. The longitudinal relationship between changes in wellbeing and inflammatory markers: Are associations independent of depression? Brain Behav Immun 2020; 83:146-152. [PMID: 31604140 PMCID: PMC6928572 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbi.2019.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2019] [Revised: 09/30/2019] [Accepted: 10/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES There is a large literature linking inflammation with mental ill health, but a much smaller literature focusing on mental wellbeing. Specifically, it remains unclear whether mental wellbeing is longitudinally and independently associated with inflammation or only via associated changes in mental ill health. METHODS This study used data from 8780 adults aged 50+ in the English Longitudinal Study of Ageing. Hedonic wellbeing (both positive affect and life satisfaction) and eudemonic wellbeing (self-realisation and control-autonomy) were measured at data collection waves 2 (2004/05), 4 (2008/09) and 6 (20012/13), along with measures of C-reactive protein (CRP), fibrinogen and white blood cells (WBC). Fixed effects modelling was performed to identify the longitudinal relationship between wellbeing and inflammation, adjusting for time-varying mental ill health and other identified confounders. RESULTS Both measured aspects of hedonic wellbeing were associated with lower WBC count, independent of mental ill health. For life satisfaction, this relationship was explained by confounders, whilst for positive affect it persisted. Both measured aspects of eudemonic wellbeing were associated with lower CRP, fibrinogen and WBC, independent of mental ill health. For control-autonomy, this relationship was explained by confounders, whilst for self-realisation it persisted. Results were present in both men and women, although more strongly in men, and were robust to a range of sensitivity analyses. CONCLUSIONS This study builds on the strong literature showing a relationship between mental ill health and inflammation by showing that there is also an apparently independent relationship between mental wellbeing, in particular eudemonic wellbeing, and inflammation that is unexplained by socio-economic or other time-constant factors and in some instances persists independent of time-varying confounders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daisy Fancourt
- Department of Behavioural Science and Health, University College London, United Kingdom.
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Bang KS, Kim S, Korpela KM, Song MK, Lee G, Jeong Y. Evaluating the Reliability and Validity of the Children's Vitality-Relaxation Scale. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2019; 16:E3369. [PMID: 31547249 PMCID: PMC6765921 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph16183369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2019] [Revised: 09/09/2019] [Accepted: 09/09/2019] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
This study developed the Children's Vitality-Relaxation Scale (CVRS) by revising the adult version of the Restoration Outcome Scale (ROS). The CVRS was translated and culturally adapted into Korean, and its reliability and validity were evaluated in a cross-sectional, descriptive design study. Data collected from 181 elementary school students in grades 4‒6 were used to test the validity and reliability of the CVRS. Exploratory factor analysis, Pearson's correlation, known-groups comparison, and Cronbach's alpha were used for analysis. The factor analysis indicated a two-factor structure, and all factor loadings were above 0.40. The CVRS was a seven-point Likert scale consisting of eight items, which were classified as "vitality" (four items) and "relaxation" (four items). The external construct validity with the PANAS, PSS, and SRI was acceptable. In the known-groups comparison, the CVRS score was significantly higher for boys than for girls, and the CVRS score for high-income students was higher than low-income students. The Cronbach's α for the scale was 0.84 and ranged from 0.72-0.87 for the subscales. Results showed that the CVRS is a valid and reliable scale with acceptable psychometric characteristics in Korean children. The scale can be used to measure children's affect in various settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyung-Sook Bang
- Faculty of College of Nursing, The Research Institute of Nursing Science, Seoul National University, Seoul 03080, Korea.
| | - Sungjae Kim
- Faculty of College of Nursing, The Research Institute of Nursing Science, Seoul National University, Seoul 03080, Korea.
| | - Kalevi M Korpela
- Faculty of Social Sciences/Psychology, Tampere University, FIN-33014 Tampere, Finland.
| | - Min Kyung Song
- College of Nursing, Seoul National University, Seoul 03080, Korea.
| | - Gumhee Lee
- College of Nursing, Seoul National University, Seoul 03080, Korea.
| | - Yeseul Jeong
- College of Nursing, Seoul National University, Seoul 03080, Korea.
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Relevance of Gender and Social Support in Self-Rated Health and Life Satisfaction in Elderly Spanish People. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2019; 16:ijerph16152725. [PMID: 31370147 PMCID: PMC6695653 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph16152725] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2019] [Revised: 07/23/2019] [Accepted: 07/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Background: Gender and social support are important social determinants of health, but the relevance of such variables in older people’s health has raised less scholarly attention than in younger age groups. This study examines the relevance of gender and social support in the self-rated health and life satisfaction of elderly Spanish people. A cross-sectional study with a sample of 702 men and 754 women aged between 60 and 94 years was conducted. All participants were evaluated through questionnaires that assess gender role traits, social support, and life satisfaction. Results: Men scored higher than women in masculine/instrumental trait and in life satisfaction whereas women scored higher than men in feminine/expressive trait. Results from multiple regression analyses indicated that women and men presenting higher social support had better self-rated health and higher life satisfaction. High scores in masculine/instrumental trait also proved to be an important predictor of men’s and women’s high life satisfaction and of women’s better self-rated health, whereas the high feminine/expressive trait predicted better self-rated health in the men group. A high educational level was associated in the women’s group with better self-rated health and higher life satisfaction. Conclusions: We conclude that gender and social support are important social determinants of health among older people.
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Predictors of Mindfulness Meditation and Exercise Practice, from MEPARI-2, a randomized controlled trial. Mindfulness (N Y) 2019; 10:1842-1854. [PMID: 31938076 DOI: 10.1007/s12671-019-01137-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Objectives Health-supporting behaviors can be challenging to initiate and maintain. Data from the MEPARI-2 randomized trial were used to assess predictors of sustained exercise and meditation practice. Methods Adults aged 30 to 69 years not exercising regularly and without prior meditation training were randomized to 8-week trainings in mindfulness meditation, moderate intensity exercise, or observational control, and monitored for 8 months. Exercise participants reported day-to-day minutes of moderate and vigorous activity; mindfulness meditation participants reported minutes of informal and formal practice. Demographic characteristics and psychosocial factors were assessed as predictors of practice. Growth mixture modeling was used to identify higher and lower practice subgroups. Results 413 participants (75.8% female; mean (SD) age 49.7 (11.6) years) were randomized to exercise (137), mindfulness meditation (138), or control (138), with 390 (95%) completing the study. Seventy-nine percent of exercisers and 62% of meditators reported ≥150 minutes/week practice for at least half of the 37 weeks monitored. Self-reported minutes of mindfulness meditation and/or exercise practice were significantly (p<0.01) predicted by baseline levels of: general mental health, self-efficacy, perceived stress, depressive symptoms, openness, neuroticism, physical activity, smoking status, and number of social contacts. Growth mixture modeling identified subsets of people with moderate (100-200 min/week) and high (300-450 min/week) levels of self-reported practice for both mindfulness meditation (62% moderate; 38% high) and exercise (71% moderate; 29% high). Conclusions In this sample, participants randomized to behavioral trainings reported high levels of practice sustained over 37 weeks. Baseline psychosocial measures predicted practice levels in expected directions.
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Abstract
Research into the relationship between happiness and health is developing rapidly, exploring the possibility that impaired happiness is not only a consequence of ill-health but also a potential contributor to disease risk. Happiness encompasses several constructs, including affective well-being (feelings of joy and pleasure), eudaimonic well-being (sense of meaning and purpose in life), and evaluative well-being (life satisfaction). Happiness is generally associated with reduced mortality in prospective observational studies, albeit with several discrepant results. Confounding and reverse causation are major concerns. Associations with morbidity and disease prognosis have also been identified for a limited range of health conditions. The mechanisms potentially linking happiness with health include lifestyle factors, such as physical activity and dietary choice, and biological processes, involving neuroendocrine, inflammatory, and metabolic pathways. Interventions have yet to demonstrate substantial, sustained improvements in subjective well-being or direct impact on physical health outcomes. Nevertheless, this field shows great potential, with the promise of establishing a favorable effect on population health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew Steptoe
- Department of Behavioural Science and Health, University College London, London WC1E 6BT, United Kingdom;
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Happiness of the oldest-old men is associated with fruit and vegetable intakes. Eur Geriatr Med 2018; 9:687-690. [DOI: 10.1007/s41999-018-0084-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2018] [Accepted: 07/09/2018] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
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Psychological well-being and restorative biological processes: HDL-C in older English adults. Soc Sci Med 2018; 209:59-66. [PMID: 29800769 PMCID: PMC9901326 DOI: 10.1016/j.socscimed.2018.05.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2017] [Revised: 05/03/2018] [Accepted: 05/12/2018] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
RATIONALE Psychological well-being is associated with better cardiovascular health, but the underlying mechanisms are unclear. OBJECTIVE This study investigates one possible mechanism by examining psychological well-being's prospective association with lipid levels, focusing on high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C). METHODS Participants were 4757 healthy men and women ages ≥50 from the English Longitudinal Study of Ageing with clinical data from three times, three to five years apart. Psychological well-being was assessed at baseline using the Control, Autonomy, Satisfaction, and Pleasure scale; HDL-C, triglycerides, and total cholesterol were assayed from blood samples. Descriptive statistics and linear mixed models were used to examine associations between psychological well-being and lipid levels over time; the latter controlled for confounders and health behaviours. RESULTS In descriptive analyses, HDL-C levels were initially higher in people with greater psychological well-being. Among those who met recommended levels of HDL-C at baseline, fewer individuals with higher versus lower psychological well-being dropped below HDL-C recommendations over time. Mixed models indicated that HDL-C increased over time (β = 0.64; 95% CI = 0.58 to 0.69) and higher baseline psychological well-being was associated with higher baseline HDL-C (β = 0.51; 95% CI = 0.03 to 0.99). A significant well-being by time interaction indicated individuals with higher versus lower well-being exhibited a more rapid rate of increase in HDL-C over follow-up. Higher psychological well-being was also significantly associated with lower triglycerides, but main effects for both HDL-C and triglycerides were attenuated after accounting for health behaviours. CONCLUSION Higher psychological well-being is associated with healthier HDL-C levels; these effects may compound over time. This protective effect may be partly explained by health behaviours.
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Exercise reduces depression and inflammation but intensity matters. Biol Psychol 2018; 133:79-84. [PMID: 29408464 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopsycho.2018.01.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 211] [Impact Index Per Article: 35.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2017] [Revised: 01/19/2018] [Accepted: 01/23/2018] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Exercise may help to mitigate symptoms of depression by reducing inflammation; however, little is known about the influence of exercise intensity on depressed mood. METHODS In the present study, sixty-one university students were assigned to six weeks of high-intensity interval training (HIT), moderate continuous training (MCT), or no exercise (CON) during their academic term. We measured changes in depression, anxiety and perceived stress along with pro-inflammatory cytokines tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α), interleukin-6 (IL-6), interleukin-1 beta (IL-1β), and C-reactive protein (CRP). RESULTS Depression increased for CON, demonstrating how quickly mental health can decline for students during their academic term. In contrast, MCT decreased depression and pro-inflammatory cytokine TNF-α levels. Although HIT decreased depressive symptoms, it also increased perceived stress, TNF-α and IL-6 relative to MCT. This may be due to the higher level of physical stress evoked by the more strenuous exercise protocol. CONCLUSIONS Taken together, the results suggest that moderate-intensity exercise may be an optimal intensity of exercise for the promotion of mental health by decreasing TNF-α. This is critical for informing the use of exercise as medicine for mental health.
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