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Kanbay M, Guldan M, Ozbek L, Copur S, Covic AS, Covic A. Exploring the nexus: The place of kidney diseases within the cardiovascular-kidney-metabolic syndrome spectrum. Eur J Intern Med 2024; 127:1-14. [PMID: 39030148 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejim.2024.07.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2024] [Revised: 06/25/2024] [Accepted: 07/11/2024] [Indexed: 07/21/2024]
Abstract
Cardiovascular-kidney-metabolic (CKM) syndrome and chronic kidney disease (CKD) are two significant comorbidities affecting a large proportion of the general population with considerable crosstalk. In addition to substantial co-incidence of CKD and CKM syndrome in epidemiological studies, clinical and pre-clinical studies have identified similar pathophysiological pathways leading to both entities. Patients with CKM syndrome are more prone to develop acute kidney injury and CKD, while therapeutic alternatives and their success rates are considerably lower in such patient groups. Nevertheless, the association between CKM syndrome and CKD or ESKD is bidirectional rather than being a cause-effect relationship as patients with CKD are also prone to develop peripheral insulin resistance, high blood pressure, and dyslipidemia. Furthermore, such patients are less likely to receive kidney transplantation in addition to the higher allograft dysfunction risk. We hereby aim to evaluate the association in-between kidney diseases and CKM syndrome, including epidemiological data, pre-clinical studies with pathophysiological pathways, and potential therapeutic perspectives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehmet Kanbay
- Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology, Koc University School of Medicine, Istanbul, Turkey.
| | - Mustafa Guldan
- Department of Medicine, Koc University School of Medicine, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Lasin Ozbek
- Department of Medicine, Koc University School of Medicine, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Sidar Copur
- Department of Medicine, Division of Internal Medicine, Koç University School of Medicine, Istanbul, Turkey
| | | | - Adrian Covic
- University of Medicine "Grigore T Popa" Iasi, Romania
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2
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Zhang Y, Zhao H, Zhao J, Lv W, Jia X, Lu X, Zhao X, Xu G. Quantified Metabolomics and Lipidomics Profiles Reveal Serum Metabolic Alterations and Distinguished Metabolites of Seven Chronic Metabolic Diseases. J Proteome Res 2024; 23:3076-3087. [PMID: 38407022 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jproteome.3c00760] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/27/2024]
Abstract
The co-occurrence of multiple chronic metabolic diseases is highly prevalent, posing a huge health threat. Clarifying the metabolic associations between them, as well as identifying metabolites which allow discrimination between diseases, will provide new biological insights into their co-occurrence. Herein, we utilized targeted serum metabolomics and lipidomics covering over 700 metabolites to characterize metabolic alterations and associations related to seven chronic metabolic diseases (obesity, hypertension, hyperuricemia, hyperglycemia, hypercholesterolemia, hypertriglyceridemia, fatty liver) from 1626 participants. We identified 454 metabolites were shared among at least two chronic metabolic diseases, accounting for 73.3% of all 619 significant metabolite-disease associations. We found amino acids, lactic acid, 2-hydroxybutyric acid, triacylglycerols (TGs), and diacylglycerols (DGs) showed connectivity across multiple chronic metabolic diseases. Many carnitines were specifically associated with hyperuricemia. The hypercholesterolemia group showed obvious lipid metabolism disorder. Using logistic regression models, we further identified distinguished metabolites of seven chronic metabolic diseases, which exhibited satisfactory area under curve (AUC) values ranging from 0.848 to 1 in discovery and validation sets. Overall, quantitative metabolome and lipidome data sets revealed widespread and interconnected metabolic disorders among seven chronic metabolic diseases. The distinguished metabolites are useful for diagnosing chronic metabolic diseases and provide a reference value for further clinical intervention and management based on metabolomics strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuqing Zhang
- School of Chemistry, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, P. R. China
- CAS Key Laboratory of Separation Science for Analytical Chemistry, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, P. R. China
| | - Hui Zhao
- Department of the Health Checkup Center, The Second Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116023, P. R. China
| | - Jinhui Zhao
- CAS Key Laboratory of Separation Science for Analytical Chemistry, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, P. R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Science, Beijing 100049, P. R. China
| | - Wangjie Lv
- CAS Key Laboratory of Separation Science for Analytical Chemistry, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, P. R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Science, Beijing 100049, P. R. China
| | - Xueni Jia
- Department of the Health Checkup Center, The Second Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116023, P. R. China
| | - Xin Lu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Separation Science for Analytical Chemistry, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, P. R. China
| | - Xinjie Zhao
- CAS Key Laboratory of Separation Science for Analytical Chemistry, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, P. R. China
| | - Guowang Xu
- School of Chemistry, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, P. R. China
- CAS Key Laboratory of Separation Science for Analytical Chemistry, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, P. R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Science, Beijing 100049, P. R. China
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Khaladkar SM, Paidlewar S, Lamghare P, Pandey A. Reversal of Fatty Liver With Regression of Acute Necrotizing Pancreatitis: A Rare Case. Cureus 2024; 16:e65729. [PMID: 39211659 PMCID: PMC11359912 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.65729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2024] [Accepted: 07/29/2024] [Indexed: 09/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Acute pancreatitis is a severe inflammatory condition that can lead to systemic repercussions, one of which is the development of hepatic steatosis (fatty liver). The accumulation of fat in liver cells can complicate the course of pancreatitis, exacerbating inflammation and causing additional metabolic disturbances. The presence of fatty liver in the context of acute pancreatitis can thus worsen the overall clinical picture, making management more challenging and potentially leading to further complications. Here, we discuss a rare case of a 34-year-old female who demonstrated the reversal of fatty liver following the improvement of acute pancreatitis. This case highlights the dynamic relationship between acute pancreatitis and hepatic steatosis, illustrating that effective management of pancreatitis can lead to significant improvements in associated conditions such as fatty liver.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanjay M Khaladkar
- Radiology, Dr. D. Y. Patil Medical College, Hospital and Research Centre, Dr. D. Y. Patil Vidyapeeth (Deemed to be University), Pune, IND
| | - Sayali Paidlewar
- Radiology, Dr. D. Y. Patil Medical College, Hospital and Research Centre, Dr. D. Y. Patil Vidyapeeth (Deemed to be University), Pune, IND
| | - Purnachandra Lamghare
- Radiology, Dr. D. Y. Patil Medical College, Hospital and Research Centre, Dr. D. Y. Patil Vidyapeeth (Deemed to be University), Pune, IND
| | - Ankita Pandey
- Radiology, Dr. D. Y. Patil Medical College, Hospital and Research Centre, Dr. D. Y. Patil Vidyapeeth (Deemed to be University), Pune, IND
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da Fonseca ACP, Assis ISDS, Salum KCR, Palhinha L, Abreu GDM, Zembrzuski VM, Campos Junior M, Nogueira-Neto JF, Cambraia A, Souza Junior MLF, Maya-Monteiro CM, Cabello PH, Bozza PT, Carneiro JRI. Genetic variants in DBC1, SIRT1, UCP2 and ADRB2 as potential biomarkers for severe obesity and metabolic complications. Front Genet 2024; 15:1363417. [PMID: 38841722 PMCID: PMC11151296 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2024.1363417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2024] [Accepted: 05/01/2024] [Indexed: 06/07/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction Obesity is a multifactorial disease associated with the development of many comorbidities. This disease is associated with several metabolic alterations; however, it has been shown that some individuals with obesity do not exhibit metabolic syndrome. Adipose tissue neutralizes the detrimental effects of circulating fatty acids, ectopic deposition, and inflammation, among others, through its esterification into neutral lipids that are stored in the adipocyte. However, when the adipocyte is overloaded, i.e., its expansion capacity is exceeded, this protection is lost, resulting in fatty acid toxicity with ectopic fat accumulation in peripheral tissues and inflammation. In this line, this study aimed to investigate whether polymorphisms in genes that control adipose tissue fat storage capacity are potential biomarkers for severe obesity susceptibility and also metabolic complications. Methods This study enrolled 305 individuals with severe obesity (cases, BMI≥35 kg/m2) and 196 individuals with normal weight (controls, 18.5≤BMI≤24.9 kg/m2). Demographic, anthropometric, biochemical, and blood pressure variables were collected from the participants. Plasma levels of leptin, resistin, MCP1, and PAI1 were measured by Bio-Plex 200 Multiplexing Analyzer System. Genomic DNA was extracted and variants in DBC1 (rs17060940), SIRT1 (rs7895833 and rs1467568), UCP2 (rs660339), PPARG (rs1801282) and ADRB2 (rs1042713 and rs1042714) genes were genotyped by PCR allelic discrimination using TaqMan® assays. Results Our findings indicated that SIRT1 rs7895833 polymorphism was a risk factor for severe obesity development in the overdominant model. SIRT1 rs1467568 and UCP2 rs660339 were associated with anthropometric traits. SIRT1 rs1467568 G allele was related to lower medians of body adipose index and hip circumference, while the UCP2 rs660339 AA genotype was associate with increased body mass index. Additionally, DBC1 rs17060940 influenced glycated hemoglobin. Regarding metabolic alterations, 27% of individuals with obesity presented balanced metabolic status in our cohort. Furthermore, SIRT1 rs1467568 AG genotype increased 2.5 times the risk of developing metabolic alterations. No statistically significant results were observed with Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptor Gama and ADRB2 polymorphisms. Discussion/Conclusion This study revealed that SIRT1 rs7895833 and rs1467568 are potential biomarkers for severe obesity susceptibility and the development of unbalanced metabolic status in obesity, respectively. UCP2 rs660339 and DBC1 rs17060940 also showed a significant role in obesity related-traits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Carolina Proença da Fonseca
- Laboratory of Immunopharmacology, Oswaldo Cruz Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- Human Genetics Laboratory, Oswaldo Cruz Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- Genetics Laboratory, Grande Rio University/AFYA, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- Postgraduate Program in Translational Biomedicine, Grande Rio University/AFYA, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Izadora Sthephanie da Silva Assis
- Laboratory of Immunopharmacology, Oswaldo Cruz Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- Human Genetics Laboratory, Oswaldo Cruz Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Kaio Cezar Rodrigues Salum
- Laboratory of Immunopharmacology, Oswaldo Cruz Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- Human Genetics Laboratory, Oswaldo Cruz Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- Clementino Fraga Filho University Hospital, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Lohanna Palhinha
- Laboratory of Immunopharmacology, Oswaldo Cruz Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Gabriella de Medeiros Abreu
- Human Genetics Laboratory, Oswaldo Cruz Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- Josué de Castro Nutrition Institute, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | | | - Mario Campos Junior
- Human Genetics Laboratory, Oswaldo Cruz Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | | | - Amanda Cambraia
- Human Genetics Laboratory, Oswaldo Cruz Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | | | | | - Pedro Hernán Cabello
- Human Genetics Laboratory, Oswaldo Cruz Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Patrícia Torres Bozza
- Laboratory of Immunopharmacology, Oswaldo Cruz Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - João Regis Ivar Carneiro
- Clementino Fraga Filho University Hospital, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
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Safi R, Menéndez P, Pol A. Lipid droplets provide metabolic flexibility for cancer progression. FEBS Lett 2024; 598:1301-1327. [PMID: 38325881 DOI: 10.1002/1873-3468.14820] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2023] [Revised: 01/08/2024] [Accepted: 01/10/2024] [Indexed: 02/09/2024]
Abstract
A hallmark of cancer cells is their remarkable ability to efficiently adapt to favorable and hostile environments. Due to a unique metabolic flexibility, tumor cells can grow even in the absence of extracellular nutrients or in stressful scenarios. To achieve this, cancer cells need large amounts of lipids to build membranes, synthesize lipid-derived molecules, and generate metabolic energy in the absence of other nutrients. Tumor cells potentiate strategies to obtain lipids from other cells, metabolic pathways to synthesize new lipids, and mechanisms for efficient storage, mobilization, and utilization of these lipids. Lipid droplets (LDs) are the organelles that collect and supply lipids in eukaryotes and it is increasingly recognized that the accumulation of LDs is a new hallmark of cancer cells. Furthermore, an active role of LD proteins in processes underlying tumorigenesis has been proposed. Here, by focusing on three major classes of LD-resident proteins (perilipins, lipases, and acyl-CoA synthetases), we provide an overview of the contribution of LDs to cancer progression and discuss the role of LD proteins during the proliferation, invasion, metastasis, apoptosis, and stemness of cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rémi Safi
- Josep Carreras Leukemia Research Institute, Barcelona, Spain
- Lipid Trafficking and Disease Group, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi I Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Pablo Menéndez
- Josep Carreras Leukemia Research Institute, Barcelona, Spain
- Institució Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats (ICREA), Barcelona, Spain
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Universitat de Barcelona, Spain
- Consorcio Investigación Biomédica en Red de Cancer, CIBER-ONC, ISCIII, Barcelona, Spain
- Spanish Network for Advanced Cell Therapies (TERAV), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Albert Pol
- Lipid Trafficking and Disease Group, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi I Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain
- Institució Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats (ICREA), Barcelona, Spain
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Universitat de Barcelona, Spain
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6
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Zhao JY, Zhou LJ, Ma KL, Hao R, Li M. MHO or MUO? White adipose tissue remodeling. Obes Rev 2024; 25:e13691. [PMID: 38186200 DOI: 10.1111/obr.13691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2023] [Revised: 11/14/2023] [Accepted: 11/19/2023] [Indexed: 01/09/2024]
Abstract
In this review, we delve into the intricate relationship between white adipose tissue (WAT) remodeling and metabolic aspects in obesity, with a specific focus on individuals with metabolically healthy obesity (MHO) and metabolically unhealthy obesity (MUO). WAT is a highly heterogeneous, plastic, and dynamically secreting endocrine and immune organ. WAT remodeling plays a crucial role in metabolic health, involving expansion mode, microenvironment, phenotype, and distribution. In individuals with MHO, WAT remodeling is beneficial, reducing ectopic fat deposition and insulin resistance (IR) through mechanisms like increased adipocyte hyperplasia, anti-inflammatory microenvironment, appropriate extracellular matrix (ECM) remodeling, appropriate vascularization, enhanced WAT browning, and subcutaneous adipose tissue (SWAT) deposition. Conversely, for those with MUO, WAT remodeling leads to ectopic fat deposition and IR, causing metabolic dysregulation. This process involves adipocyte hypertrophy, disrupted vascularization, heightened pro-inflammatory microenvironment, enhanced brown adipose tissue (BAT) whitening, and accumulation of visceral adipose tissue (VWAT) deposition. The review underscores the pivotal importance of intervening in WAT remodeling to hinder the transition from MHO to MUO. This insight is valuable for tailoring personalized and effective management strategies for patients with obesity in clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Yi Zhao
- Research Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Li Juan Zhou
- Research Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Kai Le Ma
- Research Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Rui Hao
- Research Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Min Li
- Research Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
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7
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Flori L, Piragine E, Calderone V, Testai L. Role of hydrogen sulfide in the regulation of lipid metabolism: Implications on cardiovascular health. Life Sci 2024; 341:122491. [PMID: 38336275 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2024.122491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2023] [Revised: 01/29/2024] [Accepted: 02/05/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024]
Abstract
The World Health Organization (WHO) defines obesity as an urgency for health and a social emergency. Today around 39 % of people is overweight, of these over 13 % is obese. It is well-consolidated that the adipose cells are deputy to lipid storage under caloric excess; however, despite the classical idea that adipose tissue has exclusively a passive function, now it is known to be deeply involved in the regulation of systemic metabolism in physiological as well as under obesogenic conditions, with consequences on cardiovascular health. Beside two traditional types of adipose cells (white and brown), recently the beige one has been highlighted as the consequence of the healthy remodeling of white adipocytes, confirming their metabolic adaptability. In this direction, pharmacological, nutraceutical and nutrient-based approaches are addressed to positively influence inflammation and metabolism, thus contributing to reduce the obese-associated cardiovascular risk. In this scenario, hydrogen sulfide emerges as a new mediator that may regulate crucial targets involved in the regulation of metabolism. The current evidence demonstrates that hydrogen sulfide may induce peroxisome proliferator activated receptor γ (PPARγ), a crucial mediator of adipogenesis, inhibit the phosphorylation of perlipin-1 (plin-1), a protein implicated in the lipolysis, and finally promote browning process, through the release of irisin from skeletal muscle. The results summarized in this review suggest an important role of hydrogen sulfide in the regulation of metabolism and in the prevention/treatment of obese-associated cardiovascular diseases and propose new insight on the putative mechanisms underlying the release of hydrogen sulfide or its biosynthesis, delineating a further exciting field of application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lorenzo Flori
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Pisa, via Bonanno, 6-56120 Pisa, Italy.
| | - Eugenia Piragine
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Pisa, via Bonanno, 6-56120 Pisa, Italy.
| | - Vincenzo Calderone
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Pisa, via Bonanno, 6-56120 Pisa, Italy.
| | - Lara Testai
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Pisa, via Bonanno, 6-56120 Pisa, Italy.
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Yadav R, Swetanshu, Singh P. The molecular mechanism of obesity: The science behind natural exercise yoga and healthy diets in the treatment of obesity. Curr Probl Cardiol 2024; 49:102345. [PMID: 38103823 DOI: 10.1016/j.cpcardiol.2023.102345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2023] [Accepted: 12/13/2023] [Indexed: 12/19/2023]
Abstract
The review centers on the scientific evidence underlying obesity, providing a detailed examination of the role of perilipin in this condition. It explores potential causes of obesity and delves into therapeutic approaches involving exercise, yoga, and herbal treatments. The paper discusses natural sources that can contribute to combating obesity and underscores the importance of exercise in a scientific context for overcoming obesity. Additionally, it includes information on herbal ingredients that aid in reducing obesity. The review also examines the impact of exercise type and intensity at various time intervals on muscle development. It elucidates triglyceride hydrolysis through different enzymes and the deposition of fatty acids in adipose tissue. The mechanisms by which alpha/beta hydrolase domain-containing protein 5 (ABHD5) and hormone-sensitive lipase (HSL) target and activate their functions are detailed. The inflammatory response in obesity is explored, encompassing inflammatory markers, lipid storage diseases, and their classification with molecular mechanisms. Furthermore, the hormonal regulation of lipolysis is elaborated upon in the review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajesh Yadav
- Sharda School of Allied Health Sciences, Sharda University, Greater Noida-201310, Uttar Pradesh, India; Department of Physiology, All India Institute of Medical Science, New Delhi, India
| | - Swetanshu
- Department of Zoology, Banaras Hindu University, U.P, India
| | - Pratichi Singh
- School of Biological and Life Sciences, Galgotias University, Greater Noida-203201, Uttar Pradesh, India.
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Shin MK, Tang WY, Amorim MR, Sham JSK, Polotsky VY. Carotid body denervation improves hyperglycemia in obese mice. J Appl Physiol (1985) 2024; 136:233-243. [PMID: 38126089 PMCID: PMC11219014 DOI: 10.1152/japplphysiol.00215.2023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2023] [Revised: 11/14/2023] [Accepted: 12/13/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023] Open
Abstract
The carotid bodies (CBs) have been implicated in glucose abnormalities in obesity via elevation of activity of the sympathetic nervous system. Obesity-induced hypertension is mediated by insulin receptor (INSR) signaling and by leptin, which binds to the leptin receptor (LEPRb) in CB and activates transient receptor potential channel subfamily M member 7 (TRPM7). We hypothesize that in mice with diet-induced obesity, hyperglycemia, glucose intolerance, and insulin resistance will be attenuated by the CB denervation (carotid sinus nerve dissection, CSND) and by knockdown of Leprb, Trpm7, and Insr gene expression in CB. In series of experiments in 75 male diet-induced obese (DIO) mice, we performed either CSND (vs. sham) surgeries or shRNA-induced suppression of Leprb, Trpm7, or Insr gene expression in CB, followed by blood pressure telemetry, intraperitoneal glucose tolerance and insulin tolerance tests, and measurements of fasting plasma insulin, leptin, corticosterone, glucagon and free fatty acids (FFAs) levels, hepatic expression of gluconeogenesis enzymes phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase (PEPCK) and glucose 6-phosphatase (G-6-Pase) mRNA and liver glycogen levels. CSND decreased blood pressure, fasting blood glucose levels and improved glucose tolerance without any effect on insulin resistance. CSND did not affect any hormone levels and gluconeogenesis enzymes, but increased liver glycogen level. Genetic knockdown of CB Leprb, Trpm7, and Insr had no effect on glucose metabolism. We conclude that CB contributes to hyperglycemia of obesity, probably by modulation of the glycogen-glucose equilibrium. Diabetogenic effects of obesity on CB in mice do not occur via activation of CB Leprb, Trpm7, and Insr.NEW & NOTEWORTHY This paper provides first evidence that carotid body denervation abolishes hypertension and improves fasting blood glucose levels and glucose tolerance in mice with diet-induced obesity. Furthermore, we have shown that this phenomenon is associated with increased liver glycogen content, whereas insulin sensitivity and enzymes of gluconeogenesis were not affected.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mi-Kyung Shin
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, George Washington University School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Washington, District of Columbia, United States
| | - Wan-Yee Tang
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, University of Pittsburgh School of Public Health, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States
| | - Mateus R Amorim
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, George Washington University School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Washington, District of Columbia, United States
| | - James S-K Sham
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States
| | - Vsevolod Y Polotsky
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, George Washington University School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Washington, District of Columbia, United States
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, George Washington University School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Washington, District of Columbia, United States
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10
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Wang Y, Nguyen HP, Xue P, Xie Y, Yi D, Lin F, Dinh J, Viscarra JA, Ibe NU, Duncan RE, Sul HS. ApoL6 associates with lipid droplets and disrupts Perilipin1-HSL interaction to inhibit lipolysis. Nat Commun 2024; 15:186. [PMID: 38167864 PMCID: PMC10762002 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-44559-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2022] [Accepted: 12/18/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Adipose tissue stores triacylglycerol (TAG) in lipid droplets (LD) and release fatty acids upon lipolysis during energy shortage. We identify ApoL6 as a LD-associated protein mainly found in adipose tissue, specifically in adipocytes. ApoL6 expression is low during fasting but induced upon feeding. ApoL6 knockdown results in smaller LD with lower TAG content in adipocytes, while ApoL6 overexpression causes larger LD with higher TAG content. We show that the ApoL6 affects adipocytes through inhibition of lipolysis. While ApoL6, Perilipin 1 (Plin1), and HSL can form a complex on LD, C-terminal ApoL6 directly interacts with N-terminal Plin1 to prevent Plin1 binding to HSL, to inhibit lipolysis. Thus, ApoL6 ablation decreases white adipose tissue mass, protecting mice from diet-induced obesity, while ApoL6 overexpression in adipose brings obesity and insulin resistance, making ApoL6 a potential future target against obesity and diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuhui Wang
- Department of Nutritional Sciences and Toxicology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
| | - Hai P Nguyen
- Department of Nutritional Sciences and Toxicology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
| | - Pengya Xue
- Department of Nutritional Sciences and Toxicology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
| | - Ying Xie
- Department of Nutritional Sciences and Toxicology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
| | - Danielle Yi
- Department of Nutritional Sciences and Toxicology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
| | - Frances Lin
- Department of Nutritional Sciences and Toxicology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
| | - Jennie Dinh
- Department of Nutritional Sciences and Toxicology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
| | - Jose A Viscarra
- Department of Nutritional Sciences and Toxicology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
| | - Nnejiuwa U Ibe
- Department of Nutritional Sciences and Toxicology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
| | - Robin E Duncan
- Department of Nutritional Sciences and Toxicology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
- Department of Kinesiology and Health Sciences, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON, N2T 2N4, Canada
| | - Hei S Sul
- Department of Nutritional Sciences and Toxicology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA.
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11
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Scurt FG, Ganz MJ, Herzog C, Bose K, Mertens PR, Chatzikyrkou C. Association of metabolic syndrome and chronic kidney disease. Obes Rev 2024; 25:e13649. [PMID: 37783465 DOI: 10.1111/obr.13649] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2023] [Accepted: 09/15/2023] [Indexed: 10/04/2023]
Abstract
The prevalence of kidney disease is increasing rapidly worldwide, reflecting rising rates of obesity, diabetes, and associated metabolic syndrome (MetS). Chronic kidney disease and related comorbidities such as obesity, diabetes, and hypertension place a significant financial burden on healthcare systems. Despite the widespread use of RAAS inhibitors, intensive blood pressure and glycemic control, and newer therapeutic options consisting of sodium/glucose cotransporter-2 (SGLT-2) inhibitors or glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) receptor agonists, a significant risk of progression to end-stage renal disease remains in the high-risk obese and diabetic population. The MetS is a cluster of cardiovascular risk factors that adversely affect the development and progression of chronic kidney failure. According to the criteria of the World Health Organization, it is defined by visceral adiposity, impaired glucose tolerance or insulin resistance, atherogenic dyslipidemia, raised blood pressure, and microalbuminuria with a albumin-to-creatinine ratio ≥30 mg/g. At molecular level MetS is marked by a proinflammatory state and increased oxidative stress leading to various pathophysiological changes causing endothelial dysfunction and a hypercoagulable state. Because the kidney is a highly vascularized organ, it is especially susceptible for those microvascular changes. Therefore, the MetS and its individual components are associated with the premature development, acceleration, and progression of chronic kidney disease. Therefore, it is becoming increasingly important to elucidate the underlying mechanisms of MetS-associated chronic kidney disease in order to develop new strategies for preventing and slowing the progression of renal disease. In this review, we will elucidate (i) the renal structural, hemodynamic, and metabolic changes that occur in obesity and obesity-related kidney injury; (ii) the clinicopathological characteristics of obesity-related kidney injury, primarily focusing on obesity-associated glomerulopathy; (iii) the potential additional factors or predisposing factors that may turn patients more susceptible to renal structural or functional compensatory failure and subsequent injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Florian G Scurt
- University Clinic for Nephrology and Hypertension, Diabetology and Endocrinology, Medical Faculty, Otto-von Guericke University Magdeburg, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Maximilian J Ganz
- University Clinic for Nephrology and Hypertension, Diabetology and Endocrinology, Medical Faculty, Otto-von Guericke University Magdeburg, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Carolin Herzog
- University Clinic for Nephrology and Hypertension, Diabetology and Endocrinology, Medical Faculty, Otto-von Guericke University Magdeburg, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Katrin Bose
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Infectious Diseases, University Hospital Magdeburg, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Peter R Mertens
- University Clinic for Nephrology and Hypertension, Diabetology and Endocrinology, Medical Faculty, Otto-von Guericke University Magdeburg, Magdeburg, Germany
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12
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Tang W, Zhang M, Wang Y, Ma D, Hu M, Zhang Y, Lin H, Jiang W, Ouyang Y, Jiang L, He P, Zhao G, Ouyang X. IGF‑1 inhibits palmitic acid‑induced mitochondrial apoptosis in macrophages. Mol Med Rep 2023; 28:234. [PMID: 37921069 PMCID: PMC10636768 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2023.13121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2023] [Accepted: 10/04/2023] [Indexed: 11/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Insulin growth factor‑1 (IGF‑1) is an endocrine regulator that plays an important role in normal growth and development. IGF‑1 mediated effects may result in protecting macrophages from immunometabolic response. However, it is unclear whether IGF‑1 has a protective effect on fatty acid‑induced macrophages damage. In the present study, THP‑1 cells were differentiated into macrophages and stimulated with palmitic acid (PA) in the absence or presence of IGF‑1. Macrophages apoptosis was measured by Cell Counting Kit‑8 assay, flow cytometry, Hoechst 33342 staining and western blotting. The mitochondrial damage was evaluated using JC‑1 staining and mitochondrial reactive oxygen species detection. The activation of mitophagy was assessed using immunofluorescence and western blotting. As a result, IGF‑1 significantly restored the survival rate in macrophages, while the apoptosis was inhibited through mitochondrial pathway. In addition, IGF‑1 protected the mitochondrial damage induced by PA. Furthermore, PA induced mitophagy via phosphatase and tensin homolog‑induced putative kinase protein 1/Parkin, which was reversed by IGF‑1. Taken together, the present study demonstrated the protective effect of IGF‑1 on PA‑induced mitochondrial apoptosis in macrophages, which might provide a potential therapeutic strategy for treatment of lipotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wanying Tang
- Department of Physiology, Institute of Neuroscience Research, Hengyang Key Laboratory of Neurodegeneration and Cognitive Impairment, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, P.R. China
- The Research Center of Reproduction and Translational Medicine of Hunan Province, Department of Physiology, Medical College, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, Hunan 410081, P.R. China
| | - Ming Zhang
- Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Qingyuan, Guangdong 511500, P.R. China
| | - Yu Wang
- Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Qingyuan, Guangdong 511500, P.R. China
| | - Dan Ma
- School of Pharmacy Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou 563000, P.R. China
| | - Mi Hu
- Department of Physiology, Institute of Neuroscience Research, Hengyang Key Laboratory of Neurodegeneration and Cognitive Impairment, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, P.R. China
| | - Yangkai Zhang
- Department of Physiology, Institute of Neuroscience Research, Hengyang Key Laboratory of Neurodegeneration and Cognitive Impairment, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, P.R. China
| | - Huiling Lin
- Department of Physiology, Institute of Neuroscience Research, Hengyang Key Laboratory of Neurodegeneration and Cognitive Impairment, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, P.R. China
| | - Weiwei Jiang
- Department of Organ Transplantation, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510280, P.R. China
| | - Yuxin Ouyang
- Department of Physiology, Institute of Neuroscience Research, Hengyang Key Laboratory of Neurodegeneration and Cognitive Impairment, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, P.R. China
| | - Liping Jiang
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410008, P.R. China
| | - Pingping He
- The Research Center of Reproduction and Translational Medicine of Hunan Province, Department of Physiology, Medical College, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, Hunan 410081, P.R. China
| | - Guojun Zhao
- Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Qingyuan, Guangdong 511500, P.R. China
| | - Xinping Ouyang
- Department of Physiology, Institute of Neuroscience Research, Hengyang Key Laboratory of Neurodegeneration and Cognitive Impairment, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, P.R. China
- The Research Center of Reproduction and Translational Medicine of Hunan Province, Department of Physiology, Medical College, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, Hunan 410081, P.R. China
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13
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Chen H, Deng Y, Wang Q, Chen W, Liu Z, Tan H, Chen D. Large polystyrene microplastics results in hepatic lipotoxicity in mice. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2023; 333:122015. [PMID: 37343913 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2023.122015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2023] [Revised: 05/15/2023] [Accepted: 06/09/2023] [Indexed: 06/23/2023]
Abstract
Like small microplastics (MPs), recent studies reveal that large MPs could cause health risks in mice, even if they are not enriched in tissues. However, potential hepatoxicity following large MPs exposure and the underlying mechanisms have not been thoroughly investigated. In the present study, we explored the disruption of hepatic lipid metabolism and potential underlying toxic mechanisms in mice caused by long-term exposure to large polystyrene MPs (40-100 μm) based on a multi-omic approach. After 21 weeks of feeding foods containing MPs (50 and 500 mg/kg food), lipidomic revealed that environmentally relevant and higher doses MP exposures resulted in significant changes in a total of 20 lipid classes. Ceramide (Cer) and dihydroceramide (dhCer) were significantly reduced, while cholesteryl ester (CE), lysoalkylphosphatidylcholine (LPCO), lysophosphatidylethanolamine (LPE) and total glyceride (TG) were all elevated by MPs. The transcriptomic and other physiological data suggested that the potential toxic mechanisms may be related to disorders of fatty acid and cholesterol synthesis and metabolism disorders, and transporting of TG. Our findings demonstrate the hepatic lipotoxicity following exposure to environmentally relevant and higher doses of large MPs, calling for future research and management of the environmental risks of MPs with relatively large particle sizes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hexia Chen
- School of Environment and Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution and Health, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Yongfeng Deng
- School of Environment and Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution and Health, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China.
| | - Qing Wang
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Wen Chen
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Zhiteng Liu
- Shenzhen Colleage of International Education, Shenzhen 518043, China
| | - Hongli Tan
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental and Biological Analysis, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong SAR, 999077, China
| | - Da Chen
- School of Environment and Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution and Health, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
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14
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Lagou MK, Karagiannis GS. Obesity-induced thymic involution and cancer risk. Semin Cancer Biol 2023; 93:3-19. [PMID: 37088128 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2023.04.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2023] [Revised: 04/19/2023] [Accepted: 04/20/2023] [Indexed: 04/25/2023]
Abstract
Declining thymic functions associated either with old age (i.e., age-related thymic involution), or with acute involution as a result of stress, infectious disease, or cytoreductive therapies (e.g., chemotherapy/radiotherapy), have been associated with cancer development. A key mechanism underlying such increased cancer risk is the thymus-dependent debilitation of adaptive immunity, which is responsible for orchestrating immunoediting mechanisms and tumor immune surveillance. In the past few years, a blooming set of evidence has intriguingly linked obesity with cancer development and progression. The majority of such studies has focused on obesity-driven chronic inflammation, steroid/sex hormone and adipokine production, and hyperinsulinemia, as principal factors affecting the tumor microenvironment and driving the development of primary malignancy. However, experimental observations about the negative impact of obesity on T cell development and maturation have existed for more than half a century. Here, we critically discuss the molecular and cellular mechanisms of obesity-driven thymic involution as a previously underrepresented intermediary pathology leading to cancer development and progression. This knowledge could be especially relevant in the context of childhood obesity, because impaired thymic function in young individuals leads to immune system abnormalities, and predisposes to various pediatric cancers. A thorough understanding behind the molecular and cellular circuitries governing obesity-induced thymic involution could therefore help towards the rationalized development of targeted thymic regeneration strategies for obese individuals at high risk of cancer development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria K Lagou
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA; Tumor Microenvironment of Metastasis Program, Albert Einstein Cancer Center, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - George S Karagiannis
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA; Tumor Microenvironment of Metastasis Program, Albert Einstein Cancer Center, Bronx, NY, USA; Cancer Dormancy and Tumor Microenvironment Institute, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA; Gruss-Lipper Biophotonics Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA; Integrated Imaging Program for Cancer Research, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA.
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15
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Cimas FJ, De la Cruz-Morcillo MÁ, Cifuentes C, Moratalla-López N, Alonso GL, Nava E, Llorens S. Effect of Crocetin on Basal Lipolysis in 3T3-L1 Adipocytes. Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 12:1254. [PMID: 37371984 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12061254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2023] [Revised: 06/08/2023] [Accepted: 06/10/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Crocetin (CCT) is a natural saffron-derived apocarotenoid that possesses healthy properties such as anti-adipogenic, anti-inflammatory, and antioxidant activities. Lipolysis is enhanced in obesity and correlates with a pro-inflammatory, pro-oxidant state. In this context, we aimed to investigate whether CCT affects lipolysis. To evaluate CCT's possible lipolytic effect, 3T3-L1 adipocytes were treated with CCT10μM at day 5 post-differentiation. Glycerol content and antioxidant activity were assessed using colorimetric assays. Gene expression was measured using qRT-PCR to evaluate the effect of CCT on key lipolytic enzymes and on nitric oxide synthase (NOS) expression. Total lipid accumulation was assessed using Oil Red O staining. CCT10μM decreased glycerol release from 3T3-L1 adipocytes and downregulated adipose tissue triglyceride lipase (ATGL) and perilipin-1, but not hormone-sensitive lipase (HSL), suggesting an anti-lipolytic effect. CCT increased catalase (CAT) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity, thus showing an antioxidant effect. In addition, CCT exhibited an anti-inflammatory profile, i.e., diminished inducible NOS (NOS2) and resistin expression, while enhanced the expression of adiponectin. CCT10μM also decreased intracellular fat and C/EBPα expression (a transcription factor involved in adipogenesis), thus revealing an anti-adipogenic effect. These findings point to CCT as a promising biocompound for improving lipid mobilisation in obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francisco J Cimas
- Mecenazgo COVID-19, Regional Center for Biomedical Research (CRIB), University of Castilla-La Mancha (UCLM), 02008 Albacete, Spain
| | - Miguel Ángel De la Cruz-Morcillo
- Food Quality Research Group, Institute for Regional Development (IDR), Campus Universitario s/n, University of Castilla-La Mancha (UCLM), 02071 Albacete, Spain
| | - Carmen Cifuentes
- Regional Center for Biomedical Research (CRIB), Department of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine of Albacete, University of Castilla-La Mancha (UCLM), 02008 Albacete, Spain
| | - Natalia Moratalla-López
- Cátedra de Química Agrícola, Higher Technical School of Agronomic and Forestry Engineering and Biotechnology (ETSIAMB), University of Castilla-La Mancha (UCLM), Campus Universitario, 02006 Albacete, Spain
| | - Gonzalo L Alonso
- Cátedra de Química Agrícola, Higher Technical School of Agronomic and Forestry Engineering and Biotechnology (ETSIAMB), University of Castilla-La Mancha (UCLM), Campus Universitario, 02006 Albacete, Spain
| | - Eduardo Nava
- Regional Center for Biomedical Research (CRIB), Department of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine of Albacete, University of Castilla-La Mancha (UCLM), 02008 Albacete, Spain
| | - Sílvia Llorens
- Regional Center for Biomedical Research (CRIB), Department of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine of Albacete, University of Castilla-La Mancha (UCLM), 02008 Albacete, Spain
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16
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Saito K, Sekiya M, Kainoh K, Yoshino R, Hayashi A, Han SI, Araki M, Ohno H, Takeuchi Y, Tsuyuzaki T, Yamazaki D, Wanpei C, Hada L, Watanabe S, Paramita Adi Putri PI, Murayama Y, Sugano Y, Osaki Y, Iwasaki H, Yahagi N, Suzuki H, Miyamoto T, Matsuzaka T, Shimano H. Obesity-induced metabolic imbalance allosterically modulates CtBP2 to inhibit PPAR-alpha transcriptional activity. J Biol Chem 2023:104890. [PMID: 37286039 PMCID: PMC10339064 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2023.104890] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2022] [Revised: 05/24/2023] [Accepted: 05/25/2023] [Indexed: 06/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Maintenance of metabolic homeostasis is secured by metabolite-sensing systems, which can be overwhelmed by constant macronutrient surplus in obesity. Not only the uptake processes but also the consumption of energy substrates determine the cellular metabolic burden. We herein describe a novel transcriptional system in this context comprised of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha (PPARα), a master regulator for fatty acid oxidation, and C-terminal binding protein 2 (CtBP2), a metabolite-sensing transcriptional co-repressor. CtBP2 interacts with PPARα to repress its activity, and the interaction is enhanced upon binding to malonyl-CoA, a metabolic intermediate increased in tissues in obesity and reported to suppress fatty acid oxidation through inhibition of carnitine palmitoyltransferase 1 (CPT1). In line with our preceding observations that CtBP2 adopts a monomeric configuration upon binding to acyl-CoAs, we determined that mutations in CtBP2 that shift the conformational equilibrium toward monomers increase the interaction between CtBP2 and PPARα. In contrast, metabolic manipulations that reduce malonyl-CoA decreased the formation of the CtBP2/PPARα complex. Consistent with these in vitro findings, we found that the CtBP2/PPARα interaction is accelerated in obese livers while genetic deletion of CtBP2 in the liver causes derepression of PPARα target genes. These findings support our model where CtBP2 exists primarily as a monomer in the metabolic milieu of obesity to repress PPARα, representing a liability in metabolic diseases that can be exploited to develop therapeutic approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenji Saito
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Institute of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan, 305-8575
| | - Motohiro Sekiya
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Institute of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan, 305-8575.
| | - Kenta Kainoh
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Institute of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan, 305-8575
| | - Ryunosuke Yoshino
- Transborder Medical Research Center, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan, 305-8575
| | - Akio Hayashi
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Institute of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan, 305-8575
| | - Song-Iee Han
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Institute of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan, 305-8575
| | - Masaya Araki
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Institute of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan, 305-8575
| | - Hiroshi Ohno
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Institute of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan, 305-8575
| | - Yoshinori Takeuchi
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Institute of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan, 305-8575
| | - Tomomi Tsuyuzaki
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Institute of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan, 305-8575
| | - Daichi Yamazaki
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Institute of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan, 305-8575
| | - Chen Wanpei
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Institute of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan, 305-8575
| | - Lisa Hada
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Institute of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan, 305-8575
| | - Sho Watanabe
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Institute of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan, 305-8575
| | - Putu Indah Paramita Adi Putri
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Institute of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan, 305-8575
| | - Yuki Murayama
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Institute of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan, 305-8575
| | - Yoko Sugano
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Institute of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan, 305-8575
| | - Yoshinori Osaki
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Institute of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan, 305-8575
| | - Hitoshi Iwasaki
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Institute of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan, 305-8575
| | - Naoya Yahagi
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Institute of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan, 305-8575
| | - Hiroaki Suzuki
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Institute of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan, 305-8575
| | - Takafumi Miyamoto
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Institute of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan, 305-8575
| | - Takashi Matsuzaka
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Institute of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan, 305-8575; Transborder Medical Research Center, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan, 305-8575
| | - Hitoshi Shimano
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Institute of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan, 305-8575
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17
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Nehme J, Altulea A, Gheorghe T, Demaria M. The effects of macronutrients metabolism on cellular and organismal aging. Biomed J 2023; 46:100585. [PMID: 36801257 PMCID: PMC10209809 DOI: 10.1016/j.bj.2023.02.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2022] [Revised: 02/08/2023] [Accepted: 02/11/2023] [Indexed: 02/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Evidence supports the notion that metabolic pathways are major regulators of organismal aging, and that metabolic perturbations can extend health- and lifespan. For this reason, dietary interventions and compounds perturbing metabolism are currently explored as anti-aging strategies. A common target for metabolic interventions delaying aging is cellular senescence, a state of stable growth arrest that is accompanied by various structural and functional changes including the activation of a pro-inflammatory secretome. Here, we summarize the current knowledge on the molecular and cellular events associated with carbohydrate, lipid and protein metabolism, and define how macronutrients can regulate induction or prevention of cellular senescence. We discuss how various dietary interventions can achieve prevention of disease and extension of healthy longevity by partially modulating senescence-associated phenotypes. We also emphasize the importance of developing personalized nutritional interventions that take into account the current health and age status of the individual.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jamil Nehme
- University of Groningen, European Research Institute for the Biology of Aging (ERIBA), University Medical Center Groningen (UMCG), Groningen, Netherlands
| | - Abdullah Altulea
- University of Groningen, European Research Institute for the Biology of Aging (ERIBA), University Medical Center Groningen (UMCG), Groningen, Netherlands
| | - Teodora Gheorghe
- University of Groningen, European Research Institute for the Biology of Aging (ERIBA), University Medical Center Groningen (UMCG), Groningen, Netherlands
| | - Marco Demaria
- University of Groningen, European Research Institute for the Biology of Aging (ERIBA), University Medical Center Groningen (UMCG), Groningen, Netherlands.
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18
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Makiel K, Suder A, Targosz A, Maciejczyk M, Kozioł-Kozakowska A, Haim A. Impact of Two Types of Exercise Interventions on Leptin and Omentin Concentrations and Indicators of Lipid and Carbohydrate Metabolism in Males with Metabolic Syndrome. J Clin Med 2023; 12:jcm12082822. [PMID: 37109160 PMCID: PMC10144374 DOI: 10.3390/jcm12082822] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2023] [Revised: 04/07/2023] [Accepted: 04/11/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Leptin (LEP) and omentin (OMEN) are proteins whose concentrations change with the development of the metabolic syndrome (MetS). There are few intervention studies using various forms of physical activity in people with MetS that aim to determine the impact of physical exercise on the fluctuations of the presented hormones, and their results are contradictory. The present study aimed to examine the effect of two types of exercise intervention on LEP and OMEN concentrations and indicators of lipid and carbohydrate metabolism in males with MetS. The study included 62 males with MetS (age 36.6 ± 6.9 years, body mass 110.31 ± 17.37 kg), randomly allocated to EG1, the examined group with aerobic training (n = 21); EG2, the examined group with combined aerobic and resistance training (n = 21), both for 12 weeks, and the control group (CG) without interventions (n = 20). Anthropometric measurements, body composition (body fat [BF], android body fat [ANDR]), as well as a biochemical blood analysis (omentin [OMEN], leptin [LEP], quantitative insulin sensitivity check index [QUICKI], high-density lipoprotein cholesterol [HDL-C] and nonHDL-C) were performed at baseline, and at 6 and 12 weeks of interventions and after 4 weeks after ending intervention (follow-up). Intergroup and intragroup comparisons were performed. In the intervention groups EG1 and EG2, a decrease in BF was observed as well as an improvement in carbohydrate metabolism parameters. In the EG1 group, the level of ANDR was reduced. In EG2 a decrease in LEP concentration between measurements was confirmed. However, no significant changes were found in the concentration of OMEN in any groups. Combined aerobic and resistance exercises led to a higher reduction of LEP concentration than applying only aerobic training in males with MetS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karol Makiel
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Physical Rehabilitation, University of Physical Education, 31-571 Cracow, Poland
| | - Agnieszka Suder
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Physical Rehabilitation, University of Physical Education, 31-571 Cracow, Poland
| | - Aneta Targosz
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Jagiellonian University Medical College, 31-531 Cracow, Poland
| | - Marcin Maciejczyk
- Department of Physiology and Biochemistry, Faculty of Physical Education and Sport, University of Physical Education, 31-571 Cracow, Poland
| | - Agnieszka Kozioł-Kozakowska
- Department of Pediatrics, Gastroenterology and Nutrition, Faculty of Medicine, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Wielicka Str. 265, 30-663 Cracow, Poland
| | - Alon Haim
- Department of Pediatrics Endocrinology and Diabetes, Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva 653, Israel
- Soroka University Medical Center, Beer-Sheva 151, Israel
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19
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Paul A, Chanclón B, Brännmark C, Wittung-Stafshede P, Olofsson CS, Asterholm IW, Parekh SH. Comparing lipid remodeling of brown adipose tissue, white adipose tissue, and liver after one-week high fat diet intervention with quantitative Raman microscopy. J Cell Biochem 2023; 124:382-395. [PMID: 36715685 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.30372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2022] [Revised: 12/20/2022] [Accepted: 01/09/2023] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Brown adipose tissue (BAT) consists of highly metabolically active adipocytes that catabolize nutrients to produce heat. Playing an active role in triacylglycerol (TAG) clearance, research has shown that dietary fatty acids can modulate the TAG chemistry deposition in BAT after weeks-long dietary intervention, similar to what has been shown in white adipose tissue (WAT). Our objective was to compare the influence of sustained, nonchronic dietary intervention (a 1-week interval) on WAT and interscapular BAT lipid metabolism and deposition in situ. We use quantitative, label-free chemical microscopy to show that 1 week of high fat diet (HFD) intervention results in dramatically larger lipid droplet (LD) growth in BAT (and liver) compared to LD growth in inguinal WAT (IWAT). Moreover, BAT showed lipid remodeling as increased unsaturated TAGs in LDs, resembling the dietary lipid composition, while WAT (and liver) did not show lipid remodeling on this time scale. Concurrently, expression of genes involved in lipid metabolism, particularly desaturases, was reduced in BAT and liver from HFD-fed mice after 1 week. Our data show that BAT lipid chemistry remodels exceptionally fast to dietary lipid intervention compared WAT, which further points towards a role in TAG clearance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra Paul
- Division of Chemical Biology, Department of Biology and Biological Engineering, Chalmers University of Technology, Gothenburg, Sweden
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas, USA
| | - Belén Chanclón
- Department of Physiology (Metabolic Physiology), Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Cecilia Brännmark
- Department of Physiology (Metabolic Physiology), Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Pernilla Wittung-Stafshede
- Division of Chemical Biology, Department of Biology and Biological Engineering, Chalmers University of Technology, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Charlotta S Olofsson
- Department of Physiology (Metabolic Physiology), Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Ingrid Wernstedt Asterholm
- Department of Physiology (Metabolic Physiology), Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Sapun H Parekh
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas, USA
- Department of Molecular Spectroscopy, Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Mainz, Germany
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20
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Wang K, Zhao Y, Xu L, Liao X, Xu Z. Health outcomes of 100% orange juice and orange flavored beverage: A comparative analysis of gut microbiota and metabolomics in rats. Curr Res Food Sci 2023; 6:100454. [PMID: 36815996 PMCID: PMC9932342 DOI: 10.1016/j.crfs.2023.100454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2022] [Revised: 01/08/2023] [Accepted: 02/01/2023] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
A high intake of sugar-sweetened fruity beverage (FB) is associated with a higher risk of metabolic syndromes, but the health outcome of 100% fruit juice (FJ) intake remains unclear. We aim to reveal health outcomes of diet intervention (FJ or FB) with system profiling via interaction of gut microbiota and metabolomics in a rat (Rattus norvegicus) model. Firstly, the glucose, sucrose, fructose, and bioactive metabolites of FJ and FB were analyzed, and FJ possessed higher sucrose and flavonoids, while FB showed higher glucose and fructose. Secondly, C0 was set as the control group on Day 0, and a 4-week diet invention was performed to control, FJ-intake, and FB-intake groups with normal saline, FJ, and FB, respectively. The results showed that FJ improved alpha diversity and decreased the Firmicutes/Bacteroidota ratio (F/B ratio) of gut microbiota and prevented insulin resistance. However, FB possessed unchanged microbial diversity and enhanced F/B ratio, causing insulin resistance with renal triglyceride accumulation. In summary, FJ, although naturally containing similar amounts of total free sugars as FB, could be a healthier drink choice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kewen Wang
- College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100083, China
- Institute of Quality Standard & Testing Technology for Agro-Products, Key Laboratory of Agro-food Safety and Quality, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Yang Zhao
- College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Lei Xu
- College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100083, China
- Institute of Quality Standard & Testing Technology for Agro-Products, Key Laboratory of Agro-food Safety and Quality, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Xiaojun Liao
- College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100083, China
- Corresponding author.
| | - Zhenzhen Xu
- College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100083, China
- Institute of Quality Standard & Testing Technology for Agro-Products, Key Laboratory of Agro-food Safety and Quality, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China
- Corresponding author. College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100083, China.
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21
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Regular Exercise in Drosophila Prevents Age-Related Cardiac Dysfunction Caused by High Fat and Heart-Specific Knockdown of skd. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24021216. [PMID: 36674733 PMCID: PMC9865808 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24021216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2022] [Revised: 01/01/2023] [Accepted: 01/04/2023] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Skuld (skd) is a subunit of the Mediator complex subunit complex. In the heart, skd controls systemic obesity, is involved in systemic energy metabolism, and is closely linked to cardiac function and aging. However, it is unclear whether the effect of cardiac skd on cardiac energy metabolism affects cardiac function. We found that cardiac-specific knockdown of skd showed impaired cardiac function, metabolic impairment, and premature aging. Drosophila was subjected to an exercise and high-fat diet (HFD) intervention to explore the effects of exercise on cardiac skd expression and cardiac function in HFD Drosophila. We found that Hand-Gal4>skd RNAi (KC) Drosophila had impaired cardiac function, metabolic impairment, and premature aging. Regular exercise significantly improved cardiac function and metabolism and delayed aging in HFD KC Drosophila. Thus, our study found that the effect of skd on cardiac energy metabolism in the heart affected cardiac function. Exercise may counteract age-related cardiac dysfunction and metabolic disturbances caused by HFD and heart-specific knockdown of skd. Skd may be a potential therapeutic target for heart disease.
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22
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Pipitone RM, Ciccioli C, Infantino G, La Mantia C, Parisi S, Tulone A, Pennisi G, Grimaudo S, Petta S. MAFLD: a multisystem disease. Ther Adv Endocrinol Metab 2023; 14:20420188221145549. [PMID: 36726391 PMCID: PMC9885036 DOI: 10.1177/20420188221145549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 48.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2022] [Accepted: 11/26/2022] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), affecting about 25% of general population and more than 50% of dysmetabolic patients, is an emerging cause of chronic liver disease and its complications. Recently, an international consensus of experts proposed to rename this disease as 'Metabolic dysfunction-Associated Fatty Liver Disease' (MAFLD) to focus on the bidirectional interplay between fatty liver and metabolic alterations and to stress the need of assessing fatty liver independently from alcohol consumption and other coexisting causes of liver disease. The peculiarity of NAFLD/MAFLD lies in the presence of a higher risk of not only - as expected - liver-related events but also of extrahepatic events, mostly cardiovascular and cancers. Available evidence suggests that these associations are not only the expression of sharing the same risk factors but shed light about the ability of NAFLD/MAFLD and particularly of its progressive form - nonalcoholic/metabolic dysfunction-associated steatohepatitis - to act as an independent risk factor via promotion of atherogenic dyslipidemia and a proinflammatory, profibrogenic, and procoagulant systemic environment. The present review summarizes available epidemiological and clinical evidence supporting the concept of NAFLD/MAFLD as a multisystemic disease, and highlights potential explanatory mechanisms underlying the association between NAFLD/MAFLD and extrahepatic disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosaria Maria Pipitone
- Section of Gastroenterology and Hepatology,
PROMISE, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Carlo Ciccioli
- Section of Gastroenterology and Hepatology,
PROMISE, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Infantino
- Section of Gastroenterology and Hepatology,
PROMISE, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Claudia La Mantia
- Section of Gastroenterology and Hepatology,
PROMISE, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Stefanie Parisi
- Section of Gastroenterology and Hepatology,
PROMISE, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Adele Tulone
- Section of Gastroenterology and Hepatology,
PROMISE, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Grazia Pennisi
- Section of Gastroenterology and Hepatology,
PROMISE, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Stefania Grimaudo
- Section of Gastroenterology and Hepatology,
PROMISE, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
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23
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Tang Y, Chen B, Huang X, He X, Yi J, Zhao H, Tian F, Liu Y, Liu B. Fu brick tea alleviates high fat induced non-alcoholic fatty liver disease by remodeling the gut microbiota and liver metabolism. Front Nutr 2022; 9:1062323. [PMID: 36618677 PMCID: PMC9815510 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2022.1062323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2022] [Accepted: 12/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Fu brick tea (FBT) and its extracts have good lipid-lowering effects and have been used in the treatment of obesity in previous studies. Unfortunately, the therapeutic effect of FBT on non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) has not been thoroughly studied. In this study, we explored the mechanism by which FBT alleviates NAFLD from the perspective of the gut microbiota and liver metabolites. The results showed that FBT could reduce the body weight, liver weight and abdominal fat of NAFLD mice, and improve liver pathological morphology, liver lipid deposition, blood lipids and liver function. Moreover, FBT improved the diversity of the gut microbiota and changed the profile of liver metabolism in NAFLD mice. Further studies showed that FBT could ameliorate the cecum barrier, and regulate the effects of factors related to lipid synthesis in the cecum and liver of NAFLD mice. In conclusion, the present study confirmed that FBT can alleviate high fat induced NAFLD by regulating the homeostasis of the gut microbiota and liver metabolites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Tang
- Department of Basic Medicine, Yiyang Medical College, Yiyang, China
| | - Bowei Chen
- The First Hospital, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, China
- MOE Key Laboratory of Research and Translation on Prevention and Treatment of Major Diseases in Internal Medicine of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, China
| | - Xin Huang
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Yiyang Medical College, Yiyang, China
| | - Xu He
- Department of Basic Medicine, Yiyang Medical College, Yiyang, China
| | - Jian Yi
- The First Hospital, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, China
- MOE Key Laboratory of Research and Translation on Prevention and Treatment of Major Diseases in Internal Medicine of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, China
| | - Hong Zhao
- Department of Basic Medicine, Yiyang Medical College, Yiyang, China
| | - Fengming Tian
- The First Hospital, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, China
- MOE Key Laboratory of Research and Translation on Prevention and Treatment of Major Diseases in Internal Medicine of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, China
| | - Yingfei Liu
- The First Hospital, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, China
- MOE Key Laboratory of Research and Translation on Prevention and Treatment of Major Diseases in Internal Medicine of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, China
| | - Baiyan Liu
- Hunan Academy of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, China
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24
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The phosphorylation of AMPKβ1 is critical for increasing autophagy and maintaining mitochondrial homeostasis in response to fatty acids. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2022; 119:e2119824119. [PMID: 36409897 PMCID: PMC9860314 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2119824119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Fatty acids are vital for the survival of eukaryotes, but when present in excess can have deleterious consequences. The AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) is an important regulator of multiple branches of metabolism. Studies in purified enzyme preparations and cultured cells have shown that AMPK is allosterically activated by small molecules as well as fatty acyl-CoAs through a mechanism involving Ser108 within the regulatory AMPK β1 isoform. However, the in vivo physiological significance of this residue has not been evaluated. In the current study, we generated mice with a targeted germline knock-in (KI) mutation of AMPKβ1 Ser108 to Ala (S108A-KI), which renders the site phospho-deficient. S108A-KI mice had reduced AMPK activity (50 to 75%) in the liver but not in the skeletal muscle. On a chow diet, S108A-KI mice had impairments in exogenous lipid-induced fatty acid oxidation. Studies in mice fed a high-fat diet found that S108A-KI mice had a tendency for greater glucose intolerance and elevated liver triglycerides. Consistent with increased liver triglycerides, livers of S108A-KI mice had reductions in mitochondrial content and respiration that were accompanied by enlarged mitochondria, suggestive of impairments in mitophagy. Subsequent studies in primary hepatocytes found that S108A-KI mice had reductions in palmitate- stimulated Cpt1a and Ppargc1a mRNA, ULK1 phosphorylation and autophagic/mitophagic flux. These data demonstrate an important physiological role of AMPKβ1 Ser108 phosphorylation in promoting fatty acid oxidation, mitochondrial biogenesis and autophagy under conditions of high lipid availability. As both ketogenic diets and intermittent fasting increase circulating free fatty acid levels, AMPK activity, mitochondrial biogenesis, and mitophagy, these data suggest a potential unifying mechanism which may be important in mediating these effects.
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25
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Nataraj M, Maiya AG, Nagaraju SP, Shastry BA, Shivashankara KN. Effect of exercise on renal function in diabetic nephropathy-a systematic review and meta-analysis. J Taibah Univ Med Sci 2022; 18:526-537. [PMID: 36818178 PMCID: PMC9906014 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtumed.2022.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2022] [Revised: 09/03/2022] [Accepted: 11/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Diabetic nephropathy causes cardiovascular complications among individuals with diabetes which results in decreased kidney function and overall physical decline. The objective of this systematic review was to determine effects of exercise on various renal function parameters amond individuals with type 2 diabetes and nephropathy. It was registered with PROSPERO (CRD42020198754). Total 6 databases (PubMed/Medline, Scopus, Web of Science, CINAHL, ProQuest, and Cochrane) were searched. Among 1734 records, only four randomized controlled trials were included. The review included a total of 203 participants (103 in the intervention group and 100 in the control/standard group) with type 2 diabetic nephropathy or stage 2,3, or 4 of chronic kidney disease. The meta-analysis showed no effects of exercise on serum creatinine, serum cystatin c and varied eGFR equations. However, exercise decreased urinary albumin to creatinine ratio, urinary protein to creatinine ratio, serum urea nitrogen, creatinine clearance, and urinary protein excretion while increasing urea clearance. Limited evidence on the reno-protective role of exercise demands future research in this direction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Megha Nataraj
- Department of Physiotherapy, Centre for Diabetic Foot Care and Research, Manipal College of Health Professions, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, India
| | - Arun G. Maiya
- Department of Physiotherapy, Centre for Diabetic Foot Care and Research, Manipal College of Health Professions, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, India,Corresponding address: Department of Physiotherapy, Centre for Diabetic Foot Care and Research (CDFCR), Manipal College of Health Professions (MCHP), Manipal Academy of Higher Education (MAHE), Manipal, 576104, Karnataka, India.
| | - Shankar P. Nagaraju
- Department of Nephrology, Kasturba Medical College, Manipal, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, India
| | - Barkur A. Shastry
- Department of Medicine, Kasturba Medical College, Manipal, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, India
| | - Kaniyoor N. Shivashankara
- Department of Medicine, Kasturba Medical College, Manipal, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, India
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26
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Deng Y, Chen H, Huang Y, Zhang Y, Ren H, Fang M, Wang Q, Chen W, Hale RC, Galloway TS, Chen D. Long-Term Exposure to Environmentally Relevant Doses of Large Polystyrene Microplastics Disturbs Lipid Homeostasis via Bowel Function Interference. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2022; 56:15805-15817. [PMID: 36282942 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.1c07933] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
The question of whether long-term chronic exposure to microplastics (MPs) could induce dose- and size-dependent adverse effects in mammals remains controversial and poorly understood. Our study explored potential health risks from dietary exposure to environmentally relevant doses of polystyrene (PS) MPs, through a mouse model and integrated analyses of the interruptions of fecal microbial metagenomes and plasma lipidomes. After 21 weeks of exposure to the MPs (40-100 μm), mice mainly exhibited gut microbiota dysbiosis, tissue inflammation, and plasma lipid metabolism disorder, although no notable accumulation of MPs was observed in the gut or liver. The change of the relative abundance of microbiota was strongly associated with the exposure dose and size of MPs while less significant effects were observed in gut damage and abnormal lipid metabolism. Moreover, multiomics data suggested that the host abnormal lipid metabolism was closely related to bowel function disruptions, including gut microbiota dysbiosis, increased gut permeability, and inflammation induced by MPs. We revealed for the first time that even without notable accumulation in mouse tissues, long-term exposure to MPs at environmentally relevant doses could still induce widespread health risks. This raises concern on the health risks from the exposure of humans and other mammals to environmentally relevant dose MPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongfeng Deng
- School of Environment and Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution and Health, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Hexia Chen
- School of Environment and Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution and Health, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Yichao Huang
- School of Environment and Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution and Health, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Yan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210023, China
| | - Hongqiang Ren
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210023, China
| | - Mingliang Fang
- School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, 639798, Singapore
| | - Qing Wang
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Wen Chen
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Robert C Hale
- Virginia Institute of Marine Science, William & Mary, P.O. Box 1346, Gloucester Point, Virginia 23062, United States
| | - Tamara S Galloway
- Biosciences, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Geoffrey Pope Building, University of Exeter, Stocker Road, Exeter, Devon EX4 4QD, United Kingdom
| | - Da Chen
- School of Environment and Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution and Health, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
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27
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Al Saedi A, Debruin DA, Hayes A, Hamrick M. Lipid metabolism in sarcopenia. Bone 2022; 164:116539. [PMID: 36007811 DOI: 10.1016/j.bone.2022.116539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2022] [Revised: 07/10/2022] [Accepted: 08/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Sarcopenia is an age-related disease associated with loss of muscle mass and strength. This geriatric syndrome predisposes elderly individuals to a disability, falls, fractures, and death. Fat infiltration in muscle is one of the hallmarks of sarcopenia and aging. Alterations in fatty acid (FA) metabolism are evident in aging, type 2 diabetes, and obesity, with the accumulation of lipids inside muscle cells contributing to muscle insulin resistance and ceramide accumulation. These lipids include diacylglycerol, lipid droplets, intramyocellular lipids, intramuscular triglycerides, and polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs). In this review, we examine the regulation of lipid metabolism in skeletal muscle, including lipid metabolization and storage, intervention, and the types of lipases expressed in skeletal muscle responsible for the breakdown of adipose triglyceride fats. In addition, we address the role of FAs in sarcopenia and the potential benefits of PUFAs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed Al Saedi
- Australian Institute for Musculoskeletal Science (AIMSS), The University of Melbourne and Western Health, St. Albans, VIC, Australia; Department of Medicine-Western Health, Melbourne Medical School, The University of Melbourne, St. Albans, VIC, Australia; Institute of Health and Sport (IHeS), Victoria University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.
| | - Danielle A Debruin
- Australian Institute for Musculoskeletal Science (AIMSS), The University of Melbourne and Western Health, St. Albans, VIC, Australia; Department of Medicine-Western Health, Melbourne Medical School, The University of Melbourne, St. Albans, VIC, Australia; Institute of Health and Sport (IHeS), Victoria University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Alan Hayes
- Australian Institute for Musculoskeletal Science (AIMSS), The University of Melbourne and Western Health, St. Albans, VIC, Australia; Department of Medicine-Western Health, Melbourne Medical School, The University of Melbourne, St. Albans, VIC, Australia; Institute of Health and Sport (IHeS), Victoria University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Mark Hamrick
- Department of Cellular Biology & Anatomy, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Laney Walker Blvd. CB2915, Augusta, GA 30912, USA
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28
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Shi L, Sun HJ, Zeng JJ, Liang ZQ, Lin YH, Huang SN, Zeng JH, Yang L, Chen H, Luo J, Wei KL. Evaluation of miR-141-3p over-expression in ovarian cancer. ELECTRON J BIOTECHN 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejbt.2022.04.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
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29
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Grabner GF, Guttenberger N, Mayer N, Migglautsch-Sulzer AK, Lembacher-Fadum C, Fawzy N, Bulfon D, Hofer P, Züllig T, Hartig L, Kulminskaya N, Chalhoub G, Schratter M, Radner FPW, Preiss-Landl K, Masser S, Lass A, Zechner R, Gruber K, Oberer M, Breinbauer R, Zimmermann R. Small-Molecule Inhibitors Targeting Lipolysis in Human Adipocytes. J Am Chem Soc 2022; 144:6237-6250. [PMID: 35362954 PMCID: PMC9011347 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.1c10836] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
![]()
Chronically elevated
circulating fatty acid levels promote lipid
accumulation in nonadipose tissues and cause lipotoxicity. Adipose
triglyceride lipase (ATGL) critically determines the release of fatty
acids from white adipose tissue, and accumulating evidence suggests
that inactivation of ATGL has beneficial effects on lipotoxicity-driven
disorders including insulin resistance, steatohepatitis, and heart
disease, classifying ATGL as a promising drug target. Here, we report
on the development and biological characterization of the first small-molecule
inhibitor of human ATGL. This inhibitor, designated NG-497, selectively
inactivates human and nonhuman primate ATGL but not structurally and
functionally related lipid hydrolases. We demonstrate that NG-497
abolishes lipolysis in human adipocytes in a dose-dependent and reversible
manner. The combined analysis of mouse- and human-selective inhibitors,
chimeric ATGL proteins, and homology models revealed detailed insights
into enzyme–inhibitor interactions. NG-497 binds ATGL within
a hydrophobic cavity near the active site. Therein, three amino acid
residues determine inhibitor efficacy and species selectivity and
thus provide the molecular scaffold for selective inhibition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gernot F Grabner
- Institute of Molecular Biosciences, University of Graz, Heinrichstrasse 31/2, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Nikolaus Guttenberger
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Graz University of Technology, Stremayrgasse 9, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Nicole Mayer
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Graz University of Technology, Stremayrgasse 9, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | | | | | - Nermeen Fawzy
- Institute of Molecular Biosciences, University of Graz, Heinrichstrasse 31/2, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Dominik Bulfon
- Institute of Molecular Biosciences, University of Graz, Heinrichstrasse 31/2, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Peter Hofer
- Institute of Molecular Biosciences, University of Graz, Heinrichstrasse 31/2, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Thomas Züllig
- Institute of Molecular Biosciences, University of Graz, Heinrichstrasse 31/2, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Lennart Hartig
- Institute of Molecular Biosciences, University of Graz, Heinrichstrasse 31/2, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Natalia Kulminskaya
- Institute of Molecular Biosciences, University of Graz, Heinrichstrasse 31/2, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Gabriel Chalhoub
- Institute of Molecular Biosciences, University of Graz, Heinrichstrasse 31/2, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Margarita Schratter
- Institute of Molecular Biosciences, University of Graz, Heinrichstrasse 31/2, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Franz P W Radner
- Institute of Molecular Biosciences, University of Graz, Heinrichstrasse 31/2, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Karina Preiss-Landl
- Institute of Molecular Biosciences, University of Graz, Heinrichstrasse 31/2, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Sarah Masser
- Institute of Molecular Biosciences, University of Graz, Heinrichstrasse 31/2, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Achim Lass
- Institute of Molecular Biosciences, University of Graz, Heinrichstrasse 31/2, 8010 Graz, Austria.,BioTechMed-Graz, Mozartgasse 12/2, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Rudolf Zechner
- Institute of Molecular Biosciences, University of Graz, Heinrichstrasse 31/2, 8010 Graz, Austria.,BioTechMed-Graz, Mozartgasse 12/2, 8010 Graz, Austria.,BioHealth Field of Excellence, University of Graz, Universitätsplatz 3, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Karl Gruber
- Institute of Molecular Biosciences, University of Graz, Heinrichstrasse 31/2, 8010 Graz, Austria.,BioTechMed-Graz, Mozartgasse 12/2, 8010 Graz, Austria.,BioHealth Field of Excellence, University of Graz, Universitätsplatz 3, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Monika Oberer
- Institute of Molecular Biosciences, University of Graz, Heinrichstrasse 31/2, 8010 Graz, Austria.,BioTechMed-Graz, Mozartgasse 12/2, 8010 Graz, Austria.,BioHealth Field of Excellence, University of Graz, Universitätsplatz 3, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Rolf Breinbauer
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Graz University of Technology, Stremayrgasse 9, 8010 Graz, Austria.,BioTechMed-Graz, Mozartgasse 12/2, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Robert Zimmermann
- Institute of Molecular Biosciences, University of Graz, Heinrichstrasse 31/2, 8010 Graz, Austria.,BioTechMed-Graz, Mozartgasse 12/2, 8010 Graz, Austria.,BioHealth Field of Excellence, University of Graz, Universitätsplatz 3, 8010 Graz, Austria
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Heckel E, Cagnone G, Agnihotri T, Cakir B, Das A, Kim JS, Kim N, Lavoie G, Situ A, Pundir S, Sun Y, Wünnemann F, Pierce KA, Dennis C, Mitchell GA, Chemtob S, Rezende FA, Andelfinger G, Clish CB, Roux PP, Sapieha P, Smith LE, Joyal JS. Triglyceride-derived fatty acids reduce autophagy in a model of retinal angiomatous proliferation. JCI Insight 2022; 7:e154174. [PMID: 35167498 PMCID: PMC8986067 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.154174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2021] [Accepted: 02/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Dyslipidemia and autophagy have been implicated in the pathogenesis of blinding neovascular age-related macular degeneration (NV-AMD). VLDL receptor (VLDLR), expressed in photoreceptors with a high metabolic rate, facilitates the uptake of triglyceride-derived fatty acids. Since fatty acid uptake is reduced in Vldlr-/- tissues, more remain in circulation, and the retina is fuel deficient, driving the formation in mice of neovascular lesions reminiscent of retinal angiomatous proliferation (RAP), a subtype of NV-AMD. Nutrient scarcity and energy failure are classically mitigated by increasing autophagy. We found that excess circulating lipids restrained retinal autophagy, which contributed to pathological angiogenesis in the Vldlr-/- RAP model. Triglyceride-derived fatty acid sensed by free fatty acid receptor 1 (FFAR1) restricted autophagy and oxidative metabolism in photoreceptors. FFAR1 suppressed transcription factor EB (TFEB), a master regulator of autophagy and lipid metabolism. Reduced TFEB, in turn, decreased sirtuin-3 expression and mitochondrial respiration. Metabolomic signatures of mouse RAP-like retinas were consistent with a role in promoting angiogenesis. This signature was also found in human NV-AMD vitreous. Restoring photoreceptor autophagy in Vldlr-/- retinas, either pharmacologically or by deleting Ffar1, enhanced metabolic efficiency and suppressed pathological angiogenesis. Dysregulated autophagy by circulating lipids might therefore contribute to the energy failure of photoreceptors driving neovascular eye diseases, and FFAR1 may be a target for intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emilie Heckel
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Montreal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Gael Cagnone
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Montreal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Tapan Agnihotri
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Bertan Cakir
- Department of Ophthalmology, Boston Children’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Ashim Das
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Montreal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Jin Sung Kim
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Nicholas Kim
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Geneviève Lavoie
- Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Institute for Research in Immunology and Cancer (IRIC), and
| | - Anu Situ
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Montreal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Sheetal Pundir
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Ye Sun
- Department of Ophthalmology, Boston Children’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Florian Wünnemann
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Montreal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Kerry A. Pierce
- Metabolomics Platform, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Courtney Dennis
- Metabolomics Platform, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Grant A. Mitchell
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Montreal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Sylvain Chemtob
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Montreal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Montreal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Montreal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Flavio A. Rezende
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Montreal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Gregor Andelfinger
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Montreal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Clary B. Clish
- Metabolomics Platform, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Philippe P. Roux
- Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Institute for Research in Immunology and Cancer (IRIC), and
| | - Przemyslaw Sapieha
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Montreal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Lois E.H. Smith
- Department of Ophthalmology, Boston Children’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Jean-Sébastien Joyal
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Montreal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Montreal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Montreal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
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31
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Podzolkov VI, Pokrovskaya AE, Bazhanova US, Vanina DD, Vargina TS. Impact Of Obesity On Cardiac Structural And Functional Changes. RUSSIAN OPEN MEDICAL JOURNAL 2022. [DOI: 10.15275/rusomj.2022.0103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
The urgency of obesity issue is undeniable. Obesity is now considered the most important risk factor of cardiovascular diseases. Numerous studies have demonstrated the negative effect of excessive adipose tissue on structural and functional changes in the heart that lead to development of left ventricular hypertrophy, arrhythmias and conduction abnormalities, as well as progression of diastolic and systolic heart failure. High prevalence of obesity – so high that it can be called a pandemic – greatly contributes to the increased incidence of cardiovascular diseases. Studying the problem of obesity is a priority area of focus for modern medicine. This article describes hormonal, metabolic and hemodynamic features of obesity impact on cardiovascular system and describes pathogenetic mechanisms of cardiovascular pathology development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valery I. Podzolkov
- I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), Moscow, Russia
| | - Anna E. Pokrovskaya
- I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), Moscow, Russia
| | - Ulyana S. Bazhanova
- I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), Moscow, Russia
| | - Daria D. Vanina
- I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), Moscow, Russia
| | - Tatiana S. Vargina
- I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), Moscow, Russia
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Li Y, Li Z, Ngandiri DA, Llerins Perez M, Wolf A, Wang Y. The Molecular Brakes of Adipose Tissue Lipolysis. Front Physiol 2022; 13:826314. [PMID: 35283787 PMCID: PMC8907745 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2022.826314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2021] [Accepted: 01/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Adaptation to changes in energy availability is pivotal for the survival of animals. Adipose tissue, the body’s largest reservoir of energy and a major source of metabolic fuel, exerts a buffering function for fluctuations in nutrient availability. This functional plasticity ranges from energy storage in the form of triglycerides during periods of excess energy intake to energy mobilization via lipolysis in the form of free fatty acids for other organs during states of energy demands. The subtle balance between energy storage and mobilization is important for whole-body energy homeostasis; its disruption has been implicated as contributing to the development of insulin resistance, type 2 diabetes and cancer cachexia. As a result, adipocyte lipolysis is tightly regulated by complex regulatory mechanisms involving lipases and hormonal and biochemical signals that have opposing effects. In thermogenic brown and brite adipocytes, lipolysis stimulation is the canonical way for the activation of non-shivering thermogenesis. Lipolysis proceeds in an orderly and delicately regulated manner, with stimulation through cell-surface receptors via neurotransmitters, hormones, and autocrine/paracrine factors that activate various intracellular signal transduction pathways and increase kinase activity. The subsequent phosphorylation of perilipins, lipases, and cofactors initiates the translocation of key lipases from the cytoplasm to lipid droplets and enables protein-protein interactions to assemble the lipolytic machinery on the scaffolding perilipins at the surface of lipid droplets. Although activation of lipolysis has been well studied, the feedback fine-tuning is less well appreciated. This review focuses on the molecular brakes of lipolysis and discusses some of the divergent fine-tuning strategies in the negative feedback regulation of lipolysis, including delicate negative feedback loops, intermediary lipid metabolites-mediated allosteric regulation and dynamic protein–protein interactions. As aberrant adipocyte lipolysis is involved in various metabolic diseases and releasing the brakes on lipolysis in thermogenic adipocytes may activate thermogenesis, targeting adipocyte lipolysis is thus of therapeutic interest.
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Abstract
Intracellular lipolysis, the hydrolysis of stored triacylglycerol to fatty acids and glycerol, is a core metabolic function of brown and white adipocytes. In brown adipocytes, mobilized fatty acids directly activate uncoupling protein 1, provide fuel for heat generation, and ligands of nuclear receptors that expand the thermogenic gene expression program. Lipolysis in white adipocytes mobilizes lipid energy for systemic use, including both shivering and non-shivering thermogenesis. In addition, most metabolic tissues, including muscle and liver, have the ability to store triacylglycerol and release fatty acids; thus, there is a general interest in measuring lipolysis in a wide array of cell types. Here we describe detailed protocols for the enzymatic detection of cellular fatty acid and glycerol efflux via fluorescent and colorimetric means, respectively. In addition, we also describe a genetically encoded luminescent detection system for intracellular fatty acids that is amenable to high-throughput analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emilio P Mottillo
- Department of Internal Medicine, Hypertension and Vascular Research Division, Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit, MI, USA.
- Department of Physiology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, USA.
| | - James G Granneman
- Center for Molecular Medicine and Genetics, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, USA
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Grabner GF, Xie H, Schweiger M, Zechner R. Lipolysis: cellular mechanisms for lipid mobilization from fat stores. Nat Metab 2021; 3:1445-1465. [PMID: 34799702 DOI: 10.1038/s42255-021-00493-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 226] [Impact Index Per Article: 75.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2021] [Accepted: 10/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The perception that intracellular lipolysis is a straightforward process that releases fatty acids from fat stores in adipose tissue to generate energy has experienced major revisions over the last two decades. The discovery of new lipolytic enzymes and coregulators, the demonstration that lipophagy and lysosomal lipolysis contribute to the degradation of cellular lipid stores and the characterization of numerous factors and signalling pathways that regulate lipid hydrolysis on transcriptional and post-transcriptional levels have revolutionized our understanding of lipolysis. In this review, we focus on the mechanisms that facilitate intracellular fatty-acid mobilization, drawing on canonical and noncanonical enzymatic pathways. We summarize how intracellular lipolysis affects lipid-mediated signalling, metabolic regulation and energy homeostasis in multiple organs. Finally, we examine how these processes affect pathogenesis and how lipolysis may be targeted to potentially prevent or treat various diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gernot F Grabner
- Institute of Molecular Biosciences, University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Hao Xie
- Institute of Molecular Biosciences, University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Martina Schweiger
- Institute of Molecular Biosciences, University of Graz, Graz, Austria.
- BioTechMed-Graz, Graz, Austria.
| | - Rudolf Zechner
- Institute of Molecular Biosciences, University of Graz, Graz, Austria.
- BioTechMed-Graz, Graz, Austria.
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Sparks LM, Goodpaster BH, Bergman BC. The Metabolic Significance of Intermuscular Adipose Tissue: Is IMAT a Friend or a Foe to Metabolic Health? Diabetes 2021; 70:2457-2467. [PMID: 34711670 DOI: 10.2337/dbi19-0006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2021] [Accepted: 08/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Adipose tissues are not homogeneous and show site-specific properties. An elusive and understudied adipose tissue depot, most likely due to its limited accessibility, is the intermuscular adipose tissue (IMAT) depot. Adipose tissue is a pliable organ with the ability to adapt to its physiological context, yet whether that adaptation is harmful or beneficial in the IMAT depot remains to be explored in humans. Potential reasons for IMAT accumulation in humans being deleterious or beneficial include 1) sex and related circulating hormone levels, 2) race and ethnicity, and 3) lifestyle factors (e.g., diet and physical activity level). IMAT quantity per se may not be the driving factor in the etiology of insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes, but rather the quality of the IMAT itself is the true puppeteer. Adipose tissue quality likely influences its secreted factors, which are also likely to influence metabolism of surrounding tissues. The advent of molecular assessments such as transcriptome sequencing (RNAseq), assay for transposase-accessible chromatin using sequencing (ATACseq), and DNA methylation at the single-cell and single-nucleus levels, as well as the potential for ultrasound-guided biopsies specifically for IMAT, will permit more sophisticated investigations of human IMAT and dramatically advance our understanding of this enigmatic adipose tissue.
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Tuthill II BF, Quaglia CJ, O'Hara E, Musselman LP. Loss of Stearoyl-CoA desaturase 1 leads to cardiac dysfunction and lipotoxicity. J Exp Biol 2021; 224:jeb240432. [PMID: 34423827 PMCID: PMC8502255 DOI: 10.1242/jeb.240432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2020] [Accepted: 08/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Diets high in carbohydrates are associated with type 2 diabetes and its co-morbidities, including hyperglycemia, hyperlipidemia, obesity, hepatic steatosis and cardiovascular disease. We used a high-sugar diet to study the pathophysiology of diet-induced metabolic disease in Drosophila melanogaster. High-sugar diets produce hyperglycemia, obesity, insulin resistance and cardiomyopathy in flies, along with ectopic accumulation of toxic lipids, or lipotoxicity. Stearoyl-CoA desaturase 1 is an enzyme that contributes to long-chain fatty acid metabolism by introducing a double bond into the acyl chain. Knockdown of stearoyl-CoA desaturase 1 in the fat body reduced lipogenesis and exacerbated pathophysiology in flies reared on high-sucrose diets. These flies exhibited dyslipidemia and growth deficiency in addition to defects in cardiac and gut function. We assessed the lipidome of these flies using tandem mass spectrometry to provide insight into the relationship between potentially lipotoxic species and type 2 diabetes-like pathophysiology. Oleic acid supplementation is able to rescue a variety of phenotypes produced by stearoyl-CoA desaturase 1 RNAi, including fly mass, triglyceride storage, gut development and cardiac failure. Taken together, these data suggest a protective role for monounsaturated fatty acids in diet-induced metabolic disease phenotypes.
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37
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Elsayed HRH, El-Nablaway M, Khattab BA, Sherif RN, Elkashef WF, Abdalla AM, El Nashar EM, Abd-Elmonem MM, El-Gamal R. Independent of Calorie Intake, Short-term Alternate-day Fasting Alleviates NASH, With Modulation of Markers of Lipogenesis, Autophagy, Apoptosis, and Inflammation in Rats. J Histochem Cytochem 2021; 69:575-596. [PMID: 34448436 PMCID: PMC8427931 DOI: 10.1369/00221554211041607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2021] [Accepted: 07/28/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) is a worldwide health problem. Alternate-day fasting (ADF), although thought to be aggressive, has proven safety and efficacy. We aimed to evaluate the effect of short-term ADF against already established high-fat-fructose (HFF)-induced NASH, independent of the amount of calorie intake, and to study the effect of ADF on lipogenesis, apoptosis, and hepatic inflammation. Male Sprague Dawley rats were divided into two groups: (1) negative control and (2) NASH group fed on HFF for 9 weeks, and then randomized into two subgroups of either HFF alone or with ADF protocol for 3 weeks. The ADF could improve HFF-related elevation in serum lactate dehydrogenase and could decrease the mRNA expression of lipogenesis genes; acetyl CoA carboxylase, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ, and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor α; apoptotic genes caspase-3, p53, and inflammatory cyclo-oxygenase 2; and immunohistochemical staining for their proteins in liver with upregulation of LC3 and downregulation of P62 immunoexpression. Moreover, ADF ameliorated HFF-induced steatosis, inflammation, ballooning, and fibrosis through hematoxylin and eosin, Oil Red O, and Sirius Red staining, confirmed by morphometric analysis, without significant weight loss. Significant correlation of morphometric parameters with levels of gene expression was found. These findings suggest ADF to be a safe effective therapeutic agent in the management of NASH.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Rania N. Sherif
- Department of Anatomy and Embryology
- Department of Anatomy, Horus University, New Damietta, Egypt
| | - Wagdi Fawzy Elkashef
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
| | - Asim Mohammed Abdalla
- Department of Anatomy, College of Medicine, King Khalid University, Abha, Saudi Arabia
| | - Eman Mohammad El Nashar
- Department of Anatomy, College of Medicine, King Khalid University, Abha, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Histology and Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Benha University, Benha, Egypt
| | | | - Randa El-Gamal
- Department of Medical Biochemistry
- Department of Pathology and Medical Experimental Research Center, Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
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Zhang Z, Funcke JB, Zi Z, Zhao S, Straub LG, Zhu Y, Zhu Q, Crewe C, An YA, Chen S, Li N, Wang MY, Ghaben AL, Lee C, Gautron L, Engelking LJ, Raj P, Deng Y, Gordillo R, Kusminski CM, Scherer PE. Adipocyte iron levels impinge on a fat-gut crosstalk to regulate intestinal lipid absorption and mediate protection from obesity. Cell Metab 2021; 33:1624-1639.e9. [PMID: 34174197 PMCID: PMC8338877 DOI: 10.1016/j.cmet.2021.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2020] [Revised: 04/06/2021] [Accepted: 06/02/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Iron overload is positively associated with diabetes risk. However, the role of iron in adipose tissue remains incompletely understood. Here, we report that transferrin-receptor-1-mediated iron uptake is differentially required for distinct subtypes of adipocytes. Notably, adipocyte-specific transferrin receptor 1 deficiency substantially protects mice from high-fat-diet-induced metabolic disorders. Mechanistically, low cellular iron levels have a positive impact on the health of the white adipose tissue and can restrict lipid absorption from the intestine through modulation of vesicular transport in enterocytes following high-fat diet feeding. Specific reduction of adipocyte iron by AAV-mediated overexpression of the iron exporter Ferroportin1 in adult mice effectively mimics these protective effects. In summary, our studies highlight an important role of adipocyte iron in the maintenance of systemic metabolism through an adipocyte-enterocyte axis, offering an additional level of control over caloric influx into the system after feeding by regulating intestinal lipid absorption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhuzhen Zhang
- Touchstone Diabetes Center, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Jan-Bernd Funcke
- Touchstone Diabetes Center, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Zhenzhen Zi
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Shangang Zhao
- Touchstone Diabetes Center, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Leon G Straub
- Touchstone Diabetes Center, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Yi Zhu
- Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Qingzhang Zhu
- Touchstone Diabetes Center, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Clair Crewe
- Touchstone Diabetes Center, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Yu A An
- Touchstone Diabetes Center, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Shiuhwei Chen
- Touchstone Diabetes Center, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Na Li
- Touchstone Diabetes Center, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - May-Yun Wang
- Touchstone Diabetes Center, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Alexandra L Ghaben
- Touchstone Diabetes Center, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Charlotte Lee
- Center for Hypothalamic Research, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Laurent Gautron
- Center for Hypothalamic Research, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Luke J Engelking
- Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Prithvi Raj
- Department of Immunology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Yingfeng Deng
- Touchstone Diabetes Center, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Ruth Gordillo
- Touchstone Diabetes Center, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Christine M Kusminski
- Touchstone Diabetes Center, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Philipp E Scherer
- Touchstone Diabetes Center, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA; Department of Cell Biology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA.
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Implications of Argentine Tango for Health Promotion, Physical Well-Being as Well as Emotional, Personal and Social Life on a Group of Women Who Dance. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:ijerph18115894. [PMID: 34072683 PMCID: PMC8198813 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18115894] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2021] [Revised: 05/27/2021] [Accepted: 05/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Background: The aim of the research was to determine the effect that dance has on the promotion of health, physical well-being, as well as the emotional, personal and social life of women who dance. In addition, the impact of the physical activity of long, often all-night dancing events on women’s health was investigated. This included possible disturbances in their monthly cycle and circadian rhythm, taking into account symptoms of biological rhythm disturbances. Methods: The study involved 214 women: tango group: 109, sedentary group: 105. The Mann–Whitney U and chi2 tests were used to compare the groups, as well as multiple ordinal regression to analyse individual predictors of missed menstrual periods. Results: The tango vs. sedentary groups did not differ in the duration of menstrual bleeding, the degree of pain during menstruation, the regularity of menstruation, the number of regular monthly cycles per year, and amenorrhea. Intermenstrual spotting was more common in dancers (tango 12.8% vs. sedentary 4.8%; p = 0.038). The frequency of missed periods was not increased by any of the assessed aspects. In 59.6% of female dancers, milongas caused disturbances in circadian rhythms, including extreme fatigue and drowsiness (36.7%), 66.0% of the dancers mentioned only positive aspects of Argentine Tango’s impact on their personal life. Conclusions: tango plays a positive and multifaceted role in the lives of dancers and fulfils the need for social contact. The physical effort put into this form of physical activity does not significantly affect the menstrual cycle, and thus the reproductive functions, and can be recommended as an attractive and safe form of physical recreation for women.
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40
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Lu L, Hao K, Hong Y, Liu J, Zhu J, Jiang W, Zhu Z, Wang G, Peng Y. Magnesium Isoglycyrrhizinate Reduces Hepatic Lipotoxicity through Regulating Metabolic Abnormalities. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22115884. [PMID: 34070938 PMCID: PMC8198484 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22115884] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2021] [Revised: 05/27/2021] [Accepted: 05/27/2021] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
The excessive accumulation of lipids in hepatocytes induces a type of cytotoxicity called hepatic lipotoxicity, which is a fundamental contributor to liver metabolic diseases (such as NAFLD). Magnesium isoglycyrrhizinate (MGIG), a magnesium salt of the stereoisomer of natural glycyrrhizic acid, is widely used as a safe and effective liver protectant. However, the mechanism by which MGIG protects against NAFLD remains unknown. Based on the significant correlation between NAFLD and the reprogramming of liver metabolism, we aimed to explore the beneficial effects of MGIG from a metabolic viewpoint in this paper. We treated HepaRG cells with palmitic acid (PA, a saturated fatty acid of C16:0) to induce lipotoxicity and then evaluated the antagonistic effect of MGIG on lipotoxicity by investigating the cell survival rate, DNA proliferation rate, organelle damage, and endoplasmic reticulum stress (ERS). Metabolomics, lipidomics, and isotope tracing were used to investigate changes in the metabolite profile, lipid profile, and lipid flux in HepaRG cells under different intervention conditions. The results showed that MGIG can indeed protect hepatocytes against PA-induced cytotoxicity and ERS. In response to the metabolic abnormality of lipotoxicity, MGIG curtailed the metabolic activation of lipids induced by PA. The content of total lipids and saturated lipids containing C16:0 chains increased significantly after PA stimulation and then decreased significantly or even returned to normal levels after MGIG intervention. Lipidomic data show that glycerides and glycerophospholipids were the two most affected lipids. For excessive lipid accumulation in hepatocytes, MGIG can downregulate the expression of the metabolic enzymes (GPATs and DAGTs) involved in triglyceride biosynthesis. In conclusion, MGIG has a positive regulatory effect on the metabolic disorders that occur in hepatocytes under lipotoxicity, and the main mechanisms of this effect are in lipid metabolism, including reducing the total lipid content, reducing lipid saturation, inhibiting glyceride and glycerophospholipid metabolism, and downregulating the expression of metabolic enzymes in lipid synthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Lu
- Key Lab of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, 24 Tong Jia Xiang, Nanjing 210009, China; (L.L.); (K.H.); (Y.H.); (J.L.); (J.Z.); (W.J.)
| | - Kun Hao
- Key Lab of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, 24 Tong Jia Xiang, Nanjing 210009, China; (L.L.); (K.H.); (Y.H.); (J.L.); (J.Z.); (W.J.)
| | - Yu Hong
- Key Lab of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, 24 Tong Jia Xiang, Nanjing 210009, China; (L.L.); (K.H.); (Y.H.); (J.L.); (J.Z.); (W.J.)
| | - Jie Liu
- Key Lab of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, 24 Tong Jia Xiang, Nanjing 210009, China; (L.L.); (K.H.); (Y.H.); (J.L.); (J.Z.); (W.J.)
| | - Jinwei Zhu
- Key Lab of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, 24 Tong Jia Xiang, Nanjing 210009, China; (L.L.); (K.H.); (Y.H.); (J.L.); (J.Z.); (W.J.)
| | - Wenjiao Jiang
- Key Lab of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, 24 Tong Jia Xiang, Nanjing 210009, China; (L.L.); (K.H.); (Y.H.); (J.L.); (J.Z.); (W.J.)
| | - Zheying Zhu
- Division of Molecular Therapeutics & Formulation, School of Pharmacy, University Park Campus, The University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, UK;
| | - Guangji Wang
- Key Lab of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, 24 Tong Jia Xiang, Nanjing 210009, China; (L.L.); (K.H.); (Y.H.); (J.L.); (J.Z.); (W.J.)
- Correspondence: (G.W.); (Y.P.); Tel.: +86-25-83271128 (G.W.); +86-25-83271176 (Y.P.); Fax: +86-25-83271060 (G.W. & Y.P.)
| | - Ying Peng
- Key Lab of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, 24 Tong Jia Xiang, Nanjing 210009, China; (L.L.); (K.H.); (Y.H.); (J.L.); (J.Z.); (W.J.)
- Correspondence: (G.W.); (Y.P.); Tel.: +86-25-83271128 (G.W.); +86-25-83271176 (Y.P.); Fax: +86-25-83271060 (G.W. & Y.P.)
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Gordon-Larsen P, French JE, Moustaid-Moussa N, Voruganti VS, Mayer-Davis EJ, Bizon CA, Cheng Z, Stewart DA, Easterbrook JW, Shaikh SR. Synergizing Mouse and Human Studies to Understand the Heterogeneity of Obesity. Adv Nutr 2021; 12:2023-2034. [PMID: 33885739 PMCID: PMC8483969 DOI: 10.1093/advances/nmab040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2020] [Revised: 02/17/2021] [Accepted: 03/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Obesity is routinely considered as a single disease state, which drives a "one-size-fits-all" approach to treatment. We recently convened the first annual University of North Carolina Interdisciplinary Nutrition Sciences Symposium to discuss the heterogeneity of obesity and the need for translational science to advance understanding of this heterogeneity. The symposium aimed to advance scientific rigor in translational studies from animal to human models with the goal of identifying underlying mechanisms and treatments. In this review, we discuss fundamental gaps in knowledge of the heterogeneity of obesity ranging from cellular to population perspectives. We also advocate approaches to overcoming limitations in the field. Examples include the use of contemporary mouse genetic reference population models such as the Collaborative Cross and Diversity Outbred mice that effectively model human genetic diversity and the use of translational models that integrate -omics and computational approaches from pre-clinical to clinical models of obesity. Finally, we suggest best scientific practices to ensure strong rigor that will allow investigators to delineate the sources of heterogeneity in the population with obesity. Collectively, we propose that it is critical to think of obesity as a heterogeneous disease with complex mechanisms and etiologies, requiring unique prevention and treatment strategies tailored to the individual.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - John E French
- Department of Nutrition, Gillings School of Global Public Health and School of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA,Nutrition Research Institute, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Kannapolis, NC, USA
| | - Naima Moustaid-Moussa
- Obesity Research Institute and Department of Nutritional Sciences, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX, USA
| | - Venkata S Voruganti
- Department of Nutrition, Gillings School of Global Public Health and School of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA,Nutrition Research Institute, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Kannapolis, NC, USA
| | - Elizabeth J Mayer-Davis
- Department of Nutrition, Gillings School of Global Public Health and School of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Christopher A Bizon
- Renaissance Computing Institute, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Zhiyong Cheng
- Food Science and Human Nutrition Department, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Delisha A Stewart
- Department of Nutrition, Gillings School of Global Public Health and School of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA,Nutrition Research Institute, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Kannapolis, NC, USA
| | - John W Easterbrook
- Department of Nutrition, Gillings School of Global Public Health and School of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
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Li R, Cao C, Zheng Z, Yang X, Tan CP, Xu Y, Liu Y. Palm oil consumption and its repercussion on endogenous fatty acids distribution. Food Funct 2021; 12:2020-2031. [PMID: 33565560 DOI: 10.1039/d0fo02511a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The consumption of saturated lipids in combination with a sedentary lifestyle increases the risk of obesity and metabolic syndrome. However, the distribution of endogenous fatty acids (FA) after the consumption of saturated lipids and the connection between FA distribution and lipid metabolism-related genes relative expression have not been fully elucidated to date. In this study, we characterized FA profiles in the liver and visceral fats of Sprague Dawley (SD) rats fed with a high-palm-oil diet. The investigation showed that the levels of C16:0 and C18:1 (n-9) increased significantly (P < 0.05) in the liver of the high-palm-oil group (POG), while C16:1 (n-7) and C18:2 (n-6) accumulated markedly (P < 0.05) in the visceral fats of the control group (CN). A correlation analysis indicated a negative correlation between C16:0 and C16:1 (n-7) in the epididymal fat of POG. Our study also demonstrated that the intake of saturated lipids caused changes in lipid metabolism-related gene expression, especially stearoyl-CoA desaturase (SCD), which was upregulated at the third week but was inhibited in the subsequent weeks in the POG liver and perirenal fat. The SCD had a notable positive correlation with C16:1 (n-7) in the POG liver and perirenal fat but a significant negative correlation with C16:0 in the POG epididymal fat. In conclusion, the results of this study indicate that a high-C16:0 diet may result in adaptive SCD expression, and these findings may help to elucidate the effects of dietary fat on lipid metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruizhi Li
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, School of Food Science and Technology, National Engineering Research Center for Functional Food, National Engineering Laboratory for Cereal Fermentation Technology, Collaborative Innovation Center of Food Safety and Quality Control in Jiangsu Province, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi 214122, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China.
| | - Chen Cao
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, School of Food Science and Technology, National Engineering Research Center for Functional Food, National Engineering Laboratory for Cereal Fermentation Technology, Collaborative Innovation Center of Food Safety and Quality Control in Jiangsu Province, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi 214122, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China.
| | - Zhaojun Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, School of Food Science and Technology, National Engineering Research Center for Functional Food, National Engineering Laboratory for Cereal Fermentation Technology, Collaborative Innovation Center of Food Safety and Quality Control in Jiangsu Province, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi 214122, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China.
| | - Xiaoyan Yang
- Shandong Bohi Industry Co., Ltd., No.333, Binhe Road, Boxing Industrial Park, Binzhou City, Shandong Province, China
| | - Chin Ping Tan
- Department of Food Technology, Faculty of Food Science and Technology, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Malaysia
| | - Yongjiang Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, School of Food Science and Technology, National Engineering Research Center for Functional Food, National Engineering Laboratory for Cereal Fermentation Technology, Collaborative Innovation Center of Food Safety and Quality Control in Jiangsu Province, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi 214122, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China.
| | - Yuanfa Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, School of Food Science and Technology, National Engineering Research Center for Functional Food, National Engineering Laboratory for Cereal Fermentation Technology, Collaborative Innovation Center of Food Safety and Quality Control in Jiangsu Province, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi 214122, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China.
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Yang Y, Sun F, Chen H, Tan H, Yang L, Zhang L, Xie J, Sun J, Huang X, Huang Y. Postnatal exposure to DINP was associated with greater alterations of lipidomic markers for hepatic steatosis than DEHP in postweaning mice. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 758:143631. [PMID: 33223173 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.143631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2020] [Revised: 11/05/2020] [Accepted: 11/08/2020] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
The toxicity of the endocrine disruptor di(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP) has been extensively studied for its hormonal dysregulation, obesogenic effect and associated metabolic diseases. DEHP's primary substitute di-isononyl phthalate (DINP), however, although increased in annual production globally, requires better understanding of its health effect. Our previous work reported disruptions in plasma lipid profiles, but the metabolic responses following phthalate exposure in the liver, particularly the entire hepatic lipidome, have been lacking. A targeted lipidomic technique was applied to accurately quantify a total of 363 lipid species in the liver of neonatal mice after exposure to a daily dose of 4.8 mg/kg body weight/day from birth throughout lactation. Distinct patterns of disruption for each sum of lipid classes or sub-classes between the genders were the most noticeable. Following DINP administration, female pups were subject to greater changes in phosphatidylethanolamines, bis(monoacylglycero)phosphate and ceramides. In contrast, the males exhibited less changes in the phosphoglycerol backbone-based molecules, whereas glycerol and cholesterol esters were more disrupted by DINP. DEHP, however, induced less changes overall compared to DINP. These findings highlighted the predominant lipidomic disruption of DINP on glycerol (diacylglycerides and triacylglycerides) and/or cholesterol (in ester or free form) molecules in neonatal mice across genders, suggesting the genesis of hepatic steatosis occurring at as early as post weaning. Collectively, these findings question the suitability of DINP as a safe DEHP substitute and warrant further investigation on longer-term exposure to elucidate its effect on chronic liver diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Yang
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Institute of Environmental Health and Pollution Control, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, Guangdong, China; Synergy Innovation Institute of GDUT, Shantou, 515041, Guangdong, China
| | - Fengjiang Sun
- School of Environment and Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution and Health, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Haojia Chen
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Institute of Environmental Health and Pollution Control, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, Guangdong, China; Synergy Innovation Institute of GDUT, Shantou, 515041, Guangdong, China
| | - Hongli Tan
- School of Environment and Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution and Health, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Liu Yang
- School of Environment and Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution and Health, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Long Zhang
- School of Environment and Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution and Health, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Jinxin Xie
- School of Environment and Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution and Health, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Jiachen Sun
- School of Environment and Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution and Health, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Xiaochen Huang
- School of Environment and Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution and Health, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Yichao Huang
- School of Environment and Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution and Health, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China.
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Moodi M, Tavakoli T, Tahergorabi Z. Crossroad between Obesity and Gastrointestinal Cancers: A Review of Molecular Mechanisms and Interventions. Int J Prev Med 2021; 12:18. [PMID: 34084315 PMCID: PMC8106288 DOI: 10.4103/ijpvm.ijpvm_266_20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2020] [Accepted: 09/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
The burden of gastrointestinal (GI) cancer is increasing worldwide, and in the past decade, cancer had entered the list of chronic debilitating diseases whose risk is substantially increased by hypernutrition. Obesity may increase the risk of cancer by the imbalance of various mechanisms including insulin and insulin-like growth factor1 (IGF-I) signaling, systemic inflammation, immune dysregulation, tumor angiogenesis, adipokines secretion, and intestinal microbiota that usually act interdependently. An increased understanding of the mechanisms underlying obesity-GI cancer link can provide multiple opportunities for cancer prevention. This review discusses various mechanisms involved molecular mechanisms linking obesity with GI cancers including esophagus, stomach, colorectal and hepatocellular. Furthermore, an optional intervention such as diet restriction and exercise is described, which may be preventive or therapeutic in GI cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mitra Moodi
- Social Determinants of Health Research Center, Department of Health Education and Health Promotion, School of Health, Birjand University of Medical Sciences, Birjand, Iran
| | - Tahmineh Tavakoli
- Medical Toxicology and Drug Abuse Research Center (MTDRC), Gasteroenterology Section, Department of Internal Medicine, Birjand University of Medical Sciences, Birjand, Iran
| | - Zoya Tahergorabi
- Medical Toxicology and Drug Abuse Research Center (MTDRC), Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Birjand University of Medical Sciences, Birjand, Iran
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Charrier A, Xu X, Guan BJ, Ngo J, Wynshaw-Boris A, Hatzoglou M, Buchner DA. Adipocyte-specific deletion of zinc finger protein 407 results in lipodystrophy and insulin resistance in mice. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2021; 521:111109. [PMID: 33285243 PMCID: PMC7813145 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2020.111109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2020] [Revised: 11/08/2020] [Accepted: 11/30/2020] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
PPARγ deficiency in humans and model organisms impairs the transcriptional control of adipogenesis and mature adipocyte function resulting in lipodystrophy and insulin resistance. Zinc finger protein 407 (ZFP407) positively regulates PPARγ target gene expression and insulin-stimulated glucose uptake in cultured adipocytes. The in vivo physiological role of ZFP407 in mature adipocytes, however, remains to be elucidated. Here we generated adipocyte-specific ZFP407 knockout (AZKO) mice and discovered a partial lipodystrophic phenotype with reduced fat mass, hypertrophic adipocytes in inguinal and brown adipose tissue, and reduced adipogenic gene expression. The lipodystrophy was further exacerbated in AZKO mice fed a high-fat diet. Glucose and insulin tolerance tests revealed decreased insulin sensitivity in AZKO mice compared to control littermates. Cell-based assays demonstrated that ZFP407 is also required for adipogenesis, which may also contribute to the lipodystrophic phenotype. These results demonstrate an essential in vivo role of ZFP407 in brown and white adipose tissue formation and organismal insulin sensitivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alyssa Charrier
- Department of Genetics and Genome Sciences, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH, 44106, USA
| | - Xuan Xu
- Department of Genetics and Genome Sciences, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH, 44106, USA
| | - Bo-Jhih Guan
- Department of Genetics and Genome Sciences, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH, 44106, USA
| | - Justine Ngo
- Department of Genetics and Genome Sciences, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH, 44106, USA
| | - Anthony Wynshaw-Boris
- Department of Genetics and Genome Sciences, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH, 44106, USA
| | - Maria Hatzoglou
- Department of Genetics and Genome Sciences, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH, 44106, USA
| | - David A Buchner
- Department of Genetics and Genome Sciences, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH, 44106, USA.
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Hidirova LD, Yakhontov DA, Maksimov VN. [Features of genetic manifestations in patients with abdominal obesity during atrial fibrillation in combination with arterial hypertension]. TERAPEVT ARKH 2021; 93:41-43. [PMID: 33720624 DOI: 10.26442/00403660.2021.01.200591] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2021] [Accepted: 02/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
AIM To study the significance of the rs1378942 polymorphisms of the CSK gene and rs2200733 (chromosome 4q25) in the progression of AF in men with AH and AO. MATERIALS AND METHODS In an observational cohort study, 116 men aged 4565 years were followed. Of these, 57 patients with AF, AH and AO and a control group including 59 patients with AF, AH and without AO. Testing of polymorphism rs1378942 of the CSK gene and rs2200733 of chromosome 4q25 using polymerase chain reaction with restriction fragment length polymorphism. All statistical calculations were performed using the Rstudio program (version 0.99.879 20092016 RStudio, Inc., USA). RESULTS The average age of all studied patients was 53.37.1 years. When dividing patients with AF and AH into groups based on the presence/absence of AO, it turned out that in the subgroups of carriers of different genotypes of the rs1378942 polymorphism of the CSK gene there are significant differences in BMI: in the group with BMI, there is an increase in the indicator in the series of CC, AC, AA genotypes. The highest BMI value in carriers of the CC genotype (p0.03) was in the group with AO. In the subgroups of carriers of different rs2200733 genotypes of chromosome 4q25, CC has the highest BMI (p0.05). It was proved that in the group with AO, the progression of AF occurred 2.57 times more often than in the group without AO (p0.003). CONCLUSION In men with AF and AH, single nucleotide polymorphisms rs1378942 of the CSK gene and rs2200733 of chromosome 4q25 are associated with BMI. The heterozygous genotype AC rs1378942 in the CSK gene is significantly more common in patients, regardless of the presence of AO. In the group with AO, the progression of AF occurred 2.57 times more often than in the group without AO.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - V N Maksimov
- 2Institute of Internal and Preventive Medicine - branch of the Federal Research Center Institute of Cytology and Genetics
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Qin S, Wang A, Gu S, Wang W, Gao Z, Tang X, Yan L, Wan Q, Luo Z, Qin G, Chen L, Ning G, Mu Y. Association between obesity and urinary albumin-creatinine ratio in the middle-aged and elderly population of Southern and Northern China: a cross-sectional study. BMJ Open 2021; 11:e040214. [PMID: 33402405 PMCID: PMC7786798 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2020-040214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The relationship between obesity and albuminuria has not been clarified. This study aimed to investigate the correlation between obesity and the urinary albumin-creatinine ratio (UACR) in Southern and Northern China. DESIGN A descriptive, cross-sectional study. SETTING Eight regional centres in REACTION (China's Risk Evaluation of cAncers in Chinese diabeTic Individuals, a lONgitudinal study), including Dalian, Lanzhou, Zhengzhou, Guangzhou, Guangxi, Luzhou, Shanghai and Wuhan. PARTICIPANTS A total of 41 085 patients who were not diagnosed with chronic kidney disease (CKD) and had good compliance were selected according to the inclusion criteria. Patients who were diagnosed with CKD, who had other kidney diseases that could lead to increased urinary protein excretion, who were using angiotensin-converting-enzyme inhibitors or angiotensin II receptor blockers and whose important data were missing were excluded. RESULTS Participants with both, central and peripheral obesity, had a higher risk of elevated UACR, even after adjusting for multiple factors (OR: 1.14, 95% CI: 1.07 to 1.12, p<0.001), and the risk of high UACR in the South was more prominent than that in the North (OR South: 1.22, 95% CI: 1.11 to 1.34; OR North: 1.13, 95% CI: 1.04 to 1.22, p<0.001). The risk was also elevated in the male population, hypertensive individuals, glycosylated haemoglobin (HbA1c)≥6.5% and age ≥60 years in the South. Besides the above groups, diabetes was also a risk factor for the Northern population. CONCLUSIONS In China, people with both central and peripheral obesity are prone to a high UACR, and the southern population has a higher risk than northern population. Factors such as male sex, hypertension, HbA1c≥6.5% and an age ≥60 years are also risk factors for CKD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shan Qin
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Medical Center, Chinese People's Liberation Army General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Anping Wang
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Medical Center, Chinese People's Liberation Army General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Shi Gu
- School of Medicine, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
| | - Weiqing Wang
- Department of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Rui-Jin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao-Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhengnan Gao
- Department of Endocrinology, Dalian Municipal Central Hospital, Dalian, Liaoning, China
| | - Xulei Tang
- Department of Endocrinology, First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Li Yan
- Department of Endocrinology, Sun Yat‑sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qin Wan
- Department of Endocrinology, Affiliated Hospital of Luzhou Medical College, Luzhou, Sichuan, China
| | - Zuojie Luo
- Department of Endocrinology, First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Guijun Qin
- Department of Endocrinology, First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Lulu Chen
- Department of Endocrinology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Guang Ning
- Department of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Rui-Jin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao-Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yiming Mu
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Medical Center, Chinese People's Liberation Army General Hospital, Beijing, China
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Molla MD, Degef M, Bekele A, Geto Z, Challa F, Lejisa T, Getahun T, Sileshi M, Tolcha Y, Ashebir G, Seifu D. Assessment of serum electrolytes and kidney function test for screening of chronic kidney disease among Ethiopian Public Health Institute staff members, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. BMC Nephrol 2020; 21:494. [PMID: 33208123 PMCID: PMC7672884 DOI: 10.1186/s12882-020-02166-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2020] [Accepted: 11/12/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Chronic kidney disease (CKD), which is characterized by its asymptomatic nature until an end stage, is one of the most common public health problems in the world. Thus, a regular checkup, especially for those individuals with high risk groups is inevitably important, and the screening has been done with laboratory findings. However, in developing countries, including Ethiopia screening for CKD are rarely done, and it is becoming common to hear sudden death from the kidney failure. Therefore, we aimed to screen serum electrolyte levels and estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) among Ethiopian Public Health Institute (EPHI) staff members for an early detection of CKD and to identify the factors associated with it. METHODS A cross-sectional study was conducted from July 1 to October 28, 2018 among EPHI staff members. The level of serum creatinine and electrolytes were measured using COBAS 6000 analyzer. Then, eGFR was calculated using MDRD and CKD-EPI equations. Data analysis were done using SPSS version 20, and the factors associated with the outcome variable were assessed using logistic regression. P values < 0.05 were considered as statistically significant. RESULTS This study found that 3.6 and 1.9% of the study participants were at CKD stage II by MDRD and CKD-EPI equations, respectively. Out of the total study participants, 9.5% had hyperkalemia (serum potassium level > 5.0 mmol/L) and 8.5% had hypocalcemia (serum calcium level < 2.15 mmol/L). An older age (P = 0.006), high BMI (P = 0.045) and previous history of CVDs (P = 0.033) were found to be significantly associated factors with reduced glomerular filtration rate. Nine percent of the study participants were obese, 6.1% had family history of kidney failure, 18% self-reported history of hypertension, 3.4% diabetic and 5.3% had CVDs. About 51.2% of the study participants were males, and the majorities, (66%) of the study participants were found to be alcohol consumers. CONCLUSIONS The prevalence of a stage II kidney disease was relatively low and none of the participants was under serious kidney disease (GFR < 60 mmol/min/1.73m2). An older age, high BMI and previous history of CVDs were significantly associated with reduced GFR. Hyperkalemia and hypokalemia were the major electrolyte disorders in the study participants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meseret Derbew Molla
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia.
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, College of Health Sciences, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.
| | - Maria Degef
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, College of Health Sciences, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Abebe Bekele
- Ethiopian Public Health Institute, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Zeleke Geto
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, College of Health Sciences, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
- Ethiopian Public Health Institute, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Feyissa Challa
- Ethiopian Public Health Institute, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Tadesse Lejisa
- Ethiopian Public Health Institute, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Tigist Getahun
- Ethiopian Public Health Institute, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Meron Sileshi
- Ethiopian Public Health Institute, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Yosef Tolcha
- Ethiopian Public Health Institute, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Genet Ashebir
- Ethiopian Public Health Institute, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Daniel Seifu
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, College of Health Sciences, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
- Department of Biochemistry, Division of Biomedical Sciences, University of Global Health Equity, Kigali, Rwanda
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Adipocyte lipolysis: from molecular mechanisms of regulation to disease and therapeutics. Biochem J 2020; 477:985-1008. [PMID: 32168372 DOI: 10.1042/bcj20190468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 109] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2019] [Revised: 02/19/2020] [Accepted: 02/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Fatty acids (FAs) are stored safely in the form of triacylglycerol (TAG) in lipid droplet (LD) organelles by professional storage cells called adipocytes. These lipids are mobilized during adipocyte lipolysis, the fundamental process of hydrolyzing TAG to FAs for internal or systemic energy use. Our understanding of adipocyte lipolysis has greatly increased over the past 50 years from a basic enzymatic process to a dynamic regulatory one, involving the assembly and disassembly of protein complexes on the surface of LDs. These dynamic interactions are regulated by hormonal signals such as catecholamines and insulin which have opposing effects on lipolysis. Upon stimulation, patatin-like phospholipase domain containing 2 (PNPLA2)/adipocyte triglyceride lipase (ATGL), the rate limiting enzyme for TAG hydrolysis, is activated by the interaction with its co-activator, alpha/beta hydrolase domain-containing protein 5 (ABHD5), which is normally bound to perilipin 1 (PLIN1). Recently identified negative regulators of lipolysis include G0/G1 switch gene 2 (G0S2) and PNPLA3 which interact with PNPLA2 and ABHD5, respectively. This review focuses on the dynamic protein-protein interactions involved in lipolysis and discusses some of the emerging concepts in the control of lipolysis that include allosteric regulation and protein turnover. Furthermore, recent research demonstrates that many of the proteins involved in adipocyte lipolysis are multifunctional enzymes and that lipolysis can mediate homeostatic metabolic signals at both the cellular and whole-body level to promote inter-organ communication. Finally, adipocyte lipolysis is involved in various diseases such as cancer, type 2 diabetes and fatty liver disease, and targeting adipocyte lipolysis is of therapeutic interest.
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Fling RR, Doskey CM, Fader KA, Nault R, Zacharewski TR. 2,3,7,8-Tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD) dysregulates hepatic one carbon metabolism during the progression of steatosis to steatohepatitis with fibrosis in mice. Sci Rep 2020; 10:14831. [PMID: 32908189 PMCID: PMC7481292 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-71795-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2020] [Accepted: 07/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
2,3,7,8-Tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD), a persistent environmental contaminant, induces steatosis that can progress to steatohepatitis with fibrosis, pathologies that parallel stages in the development of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). Coincidently, one carbon metabolism (OCM) gene expression and metabolites are often altered during NAFLD progression. In this study, the time- and dose-dependent effects of TCDD were examined on hepatic OCM in mice. Despite AhR ChIP-seq enrichment at 2 h, OCM gene expression was not changed within 72 h following a bolus dose of TCDD. Dose-dependent repression of methionine adenosyltransferase 1A (Mat1a), adenosylhomocysteinase (Achy) and betaine-homocysteine S-methyltransferase (Bhmt) mRNA and protein levels following repeated treatments were greater at 28 days compared to 8 days. Accordingly, levels of methionine, betaine, and homocysteic acid were dose-dependently increased, while S-adenosylmethionine, S-adenosylhomocysteine, and cystathionine exhibited non-monotonic dose-dependent responses consistent with regulation by OCM intermediates and repression of glycine N-methyltransferase (Gnmt). However, the dose-dependent effects on SAM-dependent metabolism of polyamines and creatine could not be directly attributed to alterations in SAM levels. Collectively, these results demonstrate persistent AhR activation disrupts hepatic OCM metabolism at the transcript, protein and metabolite levels within context of TCDD-elicited progression of steatosis to steatohepatitis with fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Russell R Fling
- Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, 48824, USA
- Institute for Integrative Toxicology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, 48824, USA
| | - Claire M Doskey
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, 48824, USA
- Institute for Integrative Toxicology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, 48824, USA
| | - Kelly A Fader
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, 48824, USA
- Institute for Integrative Toxicology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, 48824, USA
| | - Rance Nault
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, 48824, USA
- Institute for Integrative Toxicology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, 48824, USA
| | - Tim R Zacharewski
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, 48824, USA.
- Institute for Integrative Toxicology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, 48824, USA.
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