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Farkas D, Dobránszki J. Vegetal memory through the lens of transcriptomic changes - recent progress and future practical prospects for exploiting plant transcriptional memory. PLANT SIGNALING & BEHAVIOR 2024; 19:2383515. [PMID: 39077764 DOI: 10.1080/15592324.2024.2383515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2024] [Revised: 07/12/2024] [Accepted: 07/15/2024] [Indexed: 07/31/2024]
Abstract
Plant memory plays an important role in the efficient and rapid acclimation to a swiftly changing environment. In addition, since plant memory can be inherited, it is also of adaptive and evolutionary importance. The ability of a plant to store, retain, retrieve and delete information on acquired experience is based on cellular, biochemical and molecular networks in the plants. This review offers an up-to-date overview on the formation, types, checkpoints of plant memory based on our current knowledge and focusing on its transcriptional aspects, the transcriptional memory. Roles of long and small non-coding RNAs are summarized in the regulation, formation and the cooperation between the different layers of the plant memory, i.e. in the establishment of epigenetic changes associated with memory formation in plants. The RNA interference mechanisms at the RNA and DNA level and the interplays between them are also presented. Furthermore, this review gives an insight of how exploitation of plant transcriptional memory may provide new opportunities for elaborating promising cost-efficient, and effective strategies to cope with the ever-changing environmental perturbations, caused by climate change. The potentials of plant memory-based methods, such as crop priming, cross acclimatization, memory modification by miRNAs and associative use of plant memory, in the future's agriculture are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dóra Farkas
- Centre for Agricultural Genomics and Biotechnology, Faculty of the Agricultural and Food Science and Environmental Management, University of Debrecen, Nyíregyháza, Hungary
| | - Judit Dobránszki
- Centre for Agricultural Genomics and Biotechnology, Faculty of the Agricultural and Food Science and Environmental Management, University of Debrecen, Nyíregyháza, Hungary
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2
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Liu Q, Zhang Z, Bai C, Yin X, Lin W, Yao L. Inhibition of microelement accumulation and disorder of saccharide and amino acid metabolism explain rice grain empty under dimethylarsinic acid stress. PLANT CELL REPORTS 2024; 43:199. [PMID: 39039362 DOI: 10.1007/s00299-024-03284-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2024] [Accepted: 07/10/2024] [Indexed: 07/24/2024]
Abstract
KEY MESSAGE Metabolomic and transcriptomic analyses revealed an intensification of energy metabolism in rice grains under DMA stress, possibly causing the consumption of sugars or non-sugars and the development of unfilled grains Excessive dimethylarsinic acid (DMA) causes rice straighthead disease, a physiological disorder typically with erect panicle due to empty grain at maturity. Although the toxicity of DMA and its uptake and transport in rice are well recognized, the underlying mechanism of unfilled grains remains unclear. Therefore, a pot experiment was conducted using a susceptible variety (Ruanhuayou1179, RHY) and a resistant one (Nanjingxiangzhan, NJXZ) via the metabolomic and transcriptomic approaches to explore the mechanisms of empty grains in diseased rice under DMA stress. The results demonstrate an increase in total and methylated As in grains of RHY and NJXZ under DMA addition, with RHY containing higher levels of DMA. DMA addition increased the soluble sugar content in grains of RHY and NJXZ by 17.1% and 14.3% compared to the control, respectively, but significantly reduced the levels of amino acid, soluble protein, and starch. The decrease of grain Zn and B contents was also observed, and inadequate Zn might be a key factor limiting rice grain yield under DMA stress. Notably, DMA addition altered the expression levels of genes involved in the transport of sugar, amino acids, nitrates/peptides, and mineral ions. In sugar and amino acid metabolism, the reduction of metabolites and the upregulated expression of genes reflect positive regulation at the level of energy metabolism, implying that the reduction of grain starch and proteins might be ascribed to generate sufficient energy to resist the stress. This study provides a useful reference for understanding the molecular mechanism of grain emptying under DMA stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qinghui Liu
- College of Natural Resources and Environment, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Zhijun Zhang
- College of Natural Resources and Environment, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Cuihua Bai
- College of Natural Resources and Environment, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Agricultural and Rural Pollution Abatement and Environmental Safety, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Xueying Yin
- College of Natural Resources and Environment, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Wanting Lin
- College of Natural Resources and Environment, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Lixian Yao
- College of Natural Resources and Environment, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China.
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Agricultural and Rural Pollution Abatement and Environmental Safety, Guangzhou, 510642, China.
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Li P, Xiang Q, Wang Y, Dong X. UV-B Radiation Enhances Epimedium brevicornu Maxim. Quality by Improving the Leaf Structure and Increasing the Icaritin Content. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 13:1720. [PMID: 38999560 PMCID: PMC11244399 DOI: 10.3390/plants13131720] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2024] [Revised: 05/17/2024] [Accepted: 06/11/2024] [Indexed: 07/14/2024]
Abstract
Epimedium brevicornu Maxim. is a herbal plant with various therapeutic effects, and its aboveground tissues contain flavonol compounds such as icaritin that can be used to produce new drugs for the treatment of advanced liver cancer. Previous studies have shown that ultraviolet-B (UV-B, 280-315 nm) stress can increase the levels of flavonoid substances in plants. In the current study, we observed the microstructure of E. brevicornu leaves after 0, 5, 10, 15, and 20 d of UV-B radiation (60 μw·cm-2) and quality formation mechanism of E. brevicornu leaves after 0, 10, and 20 d of UV-B radiation by LC‒ESI‒MS/MS. The contents of flavonols such as icariside I, wushanicaritin, icaritin, and kumatakenin were significantly upregulated after 10 d of radiation. The results indicated that UV-B radiation for 10 d inhibited the morphological development of E. brevicornu but increased the content of active medicinal components, providing a positive strategy for epimedium quality improvement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pengshu Li
- College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Sanya Institute of College of China Agricultural University, Sanya 610101, China
- College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Qiuyan Xiang
- College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Yue Wang
- Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan 250100, China
| | - Xuehui Dong
- College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
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Abshire N, Hauck AL, Walia H, Obata T. Tissue- and time-dependent metabolite profiles during early grain development under normal and high night-time temperature conditions. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2024; 24:568. [PMID: 38886651 PMCID: PMC11184705 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-024-05190-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2023] [Accepted: 05/23/2024] [Indexed: 06/20/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Wheat grain development in the first few days after pollination determines the number of endosperm cells that influence grain yield potential and is susceptible to various environmental conditions, including high night temperatures (HNTs). Flag leaves and seed-associated bracts (glumes, awn, palea, and lemma) provide nutrients to the developing seed. However, the specific metabolic roles of these tissues are uncertain, especially their dynamics at different developmental stages and the time in a day. Tissue- and time-dependent metabolite profiling may hint at the metabolic roles of tissues and the mechanisms of how HNTs affect daytime metabolic status in early grain development. RESULTS The metabolite profiles of flag leaf, bract, seed (embryo and endosperm), and entire spike were analyzed at 12:00 (day) and 23:00 (night) on 2, 4, and 6 days after fertilization under control and HNT conditions. The metabolite levels in flag leaves and bracts showed day/night oscillations, while their behaviors were distinct between the tissues. Some metabolites, such as sucrose, cellobiose, and succinic acid, showed contrasting oscillations in the two photosynthetic tissues. In contrast, seed metabolite levels differed due to the days after fertilization rather than the time in a day. The seed metabolite profile altered earlier in the HNT than in the control condition, likely associated with accelerated grain development caused by HNT. HNT also disrupted the day/night oscillation of sugar accumulation in flag leaves and bracts. CONCLUSIONS These results highlight distinct metabolic roles of flag leaves and bracts during wheat early seed development. The seed metabolite levels are related to the developmental stages. The early metabolic events in the seeds and the disruption of the day/night metabolic cycle in photosynthetic tissues may partly explain the adverse effects of HNT on grain yield.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathan Abshire
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, USA
- Center for Plant Science Innovation, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, USA
| | - Andrew L Hauck
- Center for Plant Science Innovation, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, USA
- Department of Agronomy and Horticulture, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, USA
| | - Harkamal Walia
- Center for Plant Science Innovation, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, USA
- Department of Agronomy and Horticulture, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, USA
| | - Toshihiro Obata
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, USA.
- Center for Plant Science Innovation, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, USA.
- Department of Biochemistry, Center for Plant Science Innovation, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, 1901 Vine Street, Lincoln, Nebraska, 68588, USA.
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Bagarinao NC, King J, Leong SY, Agyei D, Sutton K, Oey I. Effect of Germination on Seed Protein Quality and Secondary Metabolites and Potential Modulation by Pulsed Electric Field Treatment. Foods 2024; 13:1598. [PMID: 38890827 PMCID: PMC11172214 DOI: 10.3390/foods13111598] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2024] [Revised: 05/03/2024] [Accepted: 05/18/2024] [Indexed: 06/20/2024] Open
Abstract
Plant-based foods are being increasingly favored to feed the ever-growing population, but these need to exhibit improved nutritional value in terms of protein quality and digestibility to be considered a useful alternative to animal-based foods. Germination is essential for plant growth and represents a viable method through which the protein quality of plants can be further improved. However, it will be a challenge to maintain efficient rates of germination in a changing climate when seeds are sown. In the context of the indoor germination of seeds for food, consumption, or processing purposes, a more efficient and sustainable process is desired. Therefore, novel techniques to facilitate seed germination are required. Pulsed electric fields (PEF) treatment of seeds results in the permeabilization of the cell membrane, allowing water to be taken up more quickly and triggering biochemical changes to the macromolecules in the seed during germination. Therefore, PEF could be a chemical-free approach to induce a stress response in seeds, leading to the production of secondary metabolites known to exert beneficial effects on human health. However, this application of PEF, though promising, requires further research to optimize its impact on the protein and bioactive compounds in germinating seeds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Norma Cecille Bagarinao
- Department of Food Science, University of Otago, P.O. Box 56, Dunedin 9054, New Zealand; (N.C.B.); (J.K.); (S.Y.L.); (D.A.)
- Riddet Institute, Private Bag 11 222, Palmerston North 4442, New Zealand;
| | - Jessie King
- Department of Food Science, University of Otago, P.O. Box 56, Dunedin 9054, New Zealand; (N.C.B.); (J.K.); (S.Y.L.); (D.A.)
- Riddet Institute, Private Bag 11 222, Palmerston North 4442, New Zealand;
| | - Sze Ying Leong
- Department of Food Science, University of Otago, P.O. Box 56, Dunedin 9054, New Zealand; (N.C.B.); (J.K.); (S.Y.L.); (D.A.)
- Riddet Institute, Private Bag 11 222, Palmerston North 4442, New Zealand;
| | - Dominic Agyei
- Department of Food Science, University of Otago, P.O. Box 56, Dunedin 9054, New Zealand; (N.C.B.); (J.K.); (S.Y.L.); (D.A.)
| | - Kevin Sutton
- Riddet Institute, Private Bag 11 222, Palmerston North 4442, New Zealand;
- The New Zealand Institute for Plant & Food Research Limited, Private Bag 4704, Christchurch Mail Centre, Christchurch 8140, New Zealand
| | - Indrawati Oey
- Department of Food Science, University of Otago, P.O. Box 56, Dunedin 9054, New Zealand; (N.C.B.); (J.K.); (S.Y.L.); (D.A.)
- Riddet Institute, Private Bag 11 222, Palmerston North 4442, New Zealand;
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Xiao J, Zhou Y, Xie Y, Li T, Su X, He J, Jiang Y, Zhu H, Qu H. ATP homeostasis and signaling in plants. PLANT COMMUNICATIONS 2024; 5:100834. [PMID: 38327057 PMCID: PMC11009363 DOI: 10.1016/j.xplc.2024.100834] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2023] [Revised: 01/14/2024] [Accepted: 02/03/2024] [Indexed: 02/09/2024]
Abstract
ATP is the primary form of energy for plants, and a shortage of cellular ATP is generally acknowledged to pose a threat to plant growth and development, stress resistance, and crop quality. The overall metabolic processes that contribute to the ATP pool, from production, dissipation, and transport to elimination, have been studied extensively. Considerable evidence has revealed that in addition to its role in energy supply, ATP also acts as a regulatory signaling molecule to activate global metabolic responses. Identification of the eATP receptor DORN1 contributed to a better understanding of how plants cope with disruption of ATP homeostasis and of the key points at which ATP signaling pathways intersect in cells or whole organisms. The functions of SnRK1α, the master regulator of the energy management network, in restoring the equilibrium of the ATP pool have been demonstrated, and the vast and complex metabolic network mediated by SnRK1α to adapt to fluctuating environments has been characterized. This paper reviews recent advances in understanding the regulatory control of the cellular ATP pool and discusses possible interactions among key regulators of ATP-pool homeostasis and crosstalk between iATP/eATP signaling pathways. Perception of ATP deficit and modulation of cellular ATP homeostasis mediated by SnRK1α in plants are discussed at the physiological and molecular levels. Finally, we suggest future research directions for modulation of plant cellular ATP homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaqi Xiao
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Botany, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510650, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Yijie Zhou
- Guangdong AIB Polytechnic, Guangzhou 510507, China
| | - Yunyun Xie
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Botany, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510650, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Taotao Li
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Botany, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510650, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Xinguo Su
- Guangdong AIB Polytechnic, Guangzhou 510507, China
| | - Junxian He
- School of Life Sciences and State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong, China
| | - Yueming Jiang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Botany, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510650, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Hong Zhu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Botany, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510650, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China.
| | - Hongxia Qu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Botany, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510650, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China.
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7
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Yoshida T, Fernie AR. Hormonal regulation of plant primary metabolism under drought. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2024; 75:1714-1725. [PMID: 37712613 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erad358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2023] [Accepted: 09/13/2023] [Indexed: 09/16/2023]
Abstract
Phytohormones are essential signalling molecules globally regulating many processes of plants, including their growth, development, and stress responses. The promotion of growth and the enhancement of stress resistance have to be balanced, especially under adverse conditions such as drought stress, because of limited resources. Plants cope with drought stress via various strategies, including the transcriptional regulation of stress-responsive genes and the adjustment of metabolism, and phytohormones play roles in these processes. Although abscisic acid (ABA) is an important signal under drought, less attention has been paid to other phytohormones. In this review, we summarize progress in the understanding of phytohormone-regulated primary metabolism under water-limited conditions, especially in Arabidopsis thaliana, and highlight recent findings concerning the amino acids associated with ABA metabolism and signalling. We also discuss how phytohormones function antagonistically and synergistically in order to balance growth and stress responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takuya Yoshida
- Lehrstuhl für Botanik, Technische Universität München, Emil-Ramann-Str. 4, 85354 Freising, Germany
| | - Alisdair R Fernie
- Max-Planck-Institut für Molekulare Pflanzenphysiologie, 14476 Potsdam-Golm, Germany
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8
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Sun Y, Zhou Y, Long Q, Xing J, Guo P, Liu Y, Zhang C, Zhang Y, Fernie AR, Shi Y, Luo Y, Luo J, Jin C. OsBCAT2, a gene responsible for the degradation of branched-chain amino acids, positively regulates salt tolerance by promoting the synthesis of vitamin B5. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2024; 241:2558-2574. [PMID: 38258425 DOI: 10.1111/nph.19551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2023] [Accepted: 01/02/2024] [Indexed: 01/24/2024]
Abstract
Salt stress negatively affects rice growth, development and yield. Metabolic adjustments contribute to the adaptation of rice under salt stress. Branched-chain amino acids (BCAA) are three essential amino acids that cannot be synthesized by humans or animals. However, little is known about the role of BCAA in response to salt stress in plants. Here, we showed that BCAAs may function as scavengers of reactive oxygen species (ROS) to provide protection against damage caused by salinity. We determined that branched-chain aminotransferase 2 (OsBCAT2), a protein responsible for the degradation of BCAA, positively regulates salt tolerance. Salt significantly induces the expression of OsBCAT2 rather than BCAA synthesis genes, which indicated that salt mainly promotes BCAA degradation and not de novo synthesis. Metabolomics analysis revealed that vitamin B5 (VB5) biosynthesis pathway intermediates were higher in the OsBCAT2-overexpressing plants but lower in osbcat2 mutants under salt stress. The salt stress-sensitive phenotypes of the osbcat2 mutants are rescued by exogenous VB5, indicating that OsBCAT2 affects rice salt tolerance by regulating VB5 synthesis. Our work provides new insights into the enzymes involved in BCAAs degradation and VB5 biosynthesis and sheds light on the molecular mechanism of BCAAs in response to salt stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yangyang Sun
- School of Breeding and Multiplication (Sanya Institute of Breeding and Multiplication), Hainan University, Sanya, 572025, China
- School of Tropical Agriculture and Forestry, Hainan University, Haikou, Hainan, 570288, China
- Sanya Research Institute of Hainan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Sanya, 572025, China
| | - Yutong Zhou
- School of Tropical Agriculture and Forestry, Hainan University, Haikou, Hainan, 570288, China
| | - Qiyuan Long
- School of Breeding and Multiplication (Sanya Institute of Breeding and Multiplication), Hainan University, Sanya, 572025, China
- School of Tropical Agriculture and Forestry, Hainan University, Haikou, Hainan, 570288, China
| | - Junwei Xing
- School of Tropical Agriculture and Forestry, Hainan University, Haikou, Hainan, 570288, China
| | - Peizhen Guo
- School of Tropical Agriculture and Forestry, Hainan University, Haikou, Hainan, 570288, China
| | - Yanchen Liu
- School of Breeding and Multiplication (Sanya Institute of Breeding and Multiplication), Hainan University, Sanya, 572025, China
- School of Tropical Agriculture and Forestry, Hainan University, Haikou, Hainan, 570288, China
| | - Changjian Zhang
- School of Breeding and Multiplication (Sanya Institute of Breeding and Multiplication), Hainan University, Sanya, 572025, China
- School of Tropical Agriculture and Forestry, Hainan University, Haikou, Hainan, 570288, China
| | - Yuanyuan Zhang
- School of Breeding and Multiplication (Sanya Institute of Breeding and Multiplication), Hainan University, Sanya, 572025, China
- School of Tropical Agriculture and Forestry, Hainan University, Haikou, Hainan, 570288, China
| | - Alisdair R Fernie
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, Potsdam-Golm, 14476, Germany
| | - Yuheng Shi
- Yazhouwan National Laboratory, Sanya, 572025, China
| | - Yuehua Luo
- School of Breeding and Multiplication (Sanya Institute of Breeding and Multiplication), Hainan University, Sanya, 572025, China
- School of Tropical Agriculture and Forestry, Hainan University, Haikou, Hainan, 570288, China
| | - Jie Luo
- School of Breeding and Multiplication (Sanya Institute of Breeding and Multiplication), Hainan University, Sanya, 572025, China
- Yazhouwan National Laboratory, Sanya, 572025, China
| | - Cheng Jin
- School of Breeding and Multiplication (Sanya Institute of Breeding and Multiplication), Hainan University, Sanya, 572025, China
- School of Tropical Agriculture and Forestry, Hainan University, Haikou, Hainan, 570288, China
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Bortlik J, Lühle J, Alseekh S, Weiste C, Fernie AR, Dröge-Laser W, Börnke F. DOMAIN OF UNKNOWN FUNCTION581-9 negatively regulates SnRK1 kinase activity. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2024; 194:1853-1869. [PMID: 37936321 PMCID: PMC10904321 DOI: 10.1093/plphys/kiad594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2023] [Revised: 10/11/2023] [Accepted: 10/12/2023] [Indexed: 11/09/2023]
Abstract
In plants, sucrose nonfermenting 1 (SNF1)-related protein kinase 1 (SnRK1) is a key energy sensor that orchestrates large-scale transcriptional reprograming to maintain cellular homeostasis under energy deficit. SnRK1 activity is under tight negative control, although the exact mechanisms leading to its activation are not well understood. We show that the Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) DOMAIN OF UNKNOWN FUNCTION (DUF581) protein DUF581-9/FCS-like zinc finger 3 binds to the catalytic SnRK1.1 α subunit (KIN10) to inhibit its activation by geminivirus rep-interacting kinase (GRIK)-dependent T-loop phosphorylation. Overexpression of DUF581-9 in Arabidopsis dampens SnRK1 signaling and interferes with adaptation to dark-induced starvation. The presence of DUF581-9 significantly reduced SnRK1 activity in protoplasts and in vitro. This was accompanied by a reduction in T175 T-loop phosphorylation and also diminished KIN10 auto-phosphorylation. Furthermore, DUF581-9 reduced binding of the upstream activating kinase GRIK2 to KIN10, explaining the reduced KIN10 T-loop phosphorylation. Ectopically expressed DUF581-9 protein was rapidly turned over by the proteasome when Arabidopsis plants were subjected to starvation treatment, likely releasing its inhibitory activity on the SnRK1 complex. Taken together, our results support a model in which DUF581-9 negatively regulates SnRK1 activity under energy sufficient conditions. Turnover of the protein provides a rapid way for SnRK1 activation under energy deficit without the need of de novo protein synthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer Bortlik
- Plant Metabolism Group, Department of Plant Adaptation, Leibniz-Institute of Vegetable and Ornamental Crops (IGZ), Großbeeren 14979, Germany
| | - Jost Lühle
- Plant Metabolism Group, Department of Plant Adaptation, Leibniz-Institute of Vegetable and Ornamental Crops (IGZ), Großbeeren 14979, Germany
| | - Saleh Alseekh
- Department Root Biology and Symbiosis, Max-Planck-Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, Am Mühlenberg 1, Potsdam-Golm 14476, Germany
- Center for Plant Systems Biology and Biotechnology, Plovdiv 4000, Bulgaria
| | - Christoph Weiste
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biology, Julius-von-Sachs-Institut, Biozentrum, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Würzburg 97082, Germany
| | - Alisdair R Fernie
- Department Root Biology and Symbiosis, Max-Planck-Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, Am Mühlenberg 1, Potsdam-Golm 14476, Germany
- Center for Plant Systems Biology and Biotechnology, Plovdiv 4000, Bulgaria
| | | | - Frederik Börnke
- Plant Metabolism Group, Department of Plant Adaptation, Leibniz-Institute of Vegetable and Ornamental Crops (IGZ), Großbeeren 14979, Germany
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biology, University of Potsdam, Potsdam 14476, Germany
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10
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Liu X, Xie Z, Xin J, Yuan S, Liu S, Sun Y, Zhang Y, Jin C. OsbZIP18 Is a Positive Regulator of Phenylpropanoid and Flavonoid Biosynthesis under UV-B Radiation in Rice. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 13:498. [PMID: 38502046 PMCID: PMC10893026 DOI: 10.3390/plants13040498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2024] [Revised: 02/08/2024] [Accepted: 02/08/2024] [Indexed: 03/20/2024]
Abstract
In plants exposed to ultraviolet B radiation (UV-B; 280-315 nm), metabolic responses are activated, which reduce the damage caused by UV-B. Although several metabolites responding to UV-B stress have been identified in plants, the accumulation of these metabolites at different time points under UV-B stress remains largely unclear, and the transcription factors regulating these metabolites have not been well characterized. Here, we explored the changes in metabolites in rice after UV-B treatment for 0 h, 6 h, 12 h, and 24 h and identified six patterns of metabolic change. We show that the rice transcription factor OsbZIP18 plays an important role in regulating phenylpropanoid and flavonoid biosynthesis under UV-B stress in rice. Metabolic profiling revealed that the contents of phenylpropanoid and flavonoid were significantly reduced in osbzip18 mutants compared with the wild-type plants (WT) under UV-B stress. Further analysis showed that the expression of many genes involved in the phenylpropanoid and flavonoid biosynthesis pathways was lower in osbzip18 mutants than in WT plants, including OsPAL5, OsC4H, Os4CL, OsCHS, OsCHIL2, and OsF3H. Electrophoretic mobility shift assays (EMSA) revealed that OsbZIP18 bind to the promoters of these genes, suggesting that OsbZIP18 function is an important positive regulator of phenylpropanoid and flavonoid biosynthesis under UV-B stress. In conclusion, our findings revealed that OsbZIP18 is an essential regulator for phenylpropanoid and flavonoid biosynthesis and plays a crucial role in regulating UV-B stress responses in rice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xueqing Liu
- School of Breeding and Multiplication (Sanya Institute of Breeding and Multiplication), Hainan University, Sanya 572025, China
- School of Tropical Agriculture and Forestry, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China
| | - Ziyang Xie
- School of Tropical Agriculture and Forestry, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China
| | - Jiajun Xin
- School of Breeding and Multiplication (Sanya Institute of Breeding and Multiplication), Hainan University, Sanya 572025, China
- School of Tropical Agriculture and Forestry, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China
| | - Shiqing Yuan
- School of Breeding and Multiplication (Sanya Institute of Breeding and Multiplication), Hainan University, Sanya 572025, China
- School of Tropical Agriculture and Forestry, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China
| | - Shuo Liu
- School of Breeding and Multiplication (Sanya Institute of Breeding and Multiplication), Hainan University, Sanya 572025, China
- School of Tropical Agriculture and Forestry, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China
| | - Yangyang Sun
- Sanya Research Institute of Hainan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Sanya 572025, China
| | - Yuanyuan Zhang
- School of Breeding and Multiplication (Sanya Institute of Breeding and Multiplication), Hainan University, Sanya 572025, China
- School of Tropical Agriculture and Forestry, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China
| | - Cheng Jin
- School of Breeding and Multiplication (Sanya Institute of Breeding and Multiplication), Hainan University, Sanya 572025, China
- School of Tropical Agriculture and Forestry, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China
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11
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Cadena-Ramos AI, De-la-Peña C. Picky eaters: selective autophagy in plant cells. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2024; 117:364-384. [PMID: 37864806 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.16508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2023] [Revised: 09/21/2023] [Accepted: 10/10/2023] [Indexed: 10/23/2023]
Abstract
Autophagy, a fundamental cellular process, plays a vital role in maintaining cellular homeostasis by degrading damaged or unnecessary components. While selective autophagy has been extensively studied in animal cells, its significance in plant cells has only recently gained attention. In this review, we delve into the intriguing realm selective autophagy in plants, with specific focus on its involvement in nutrient recycling, organelle turnover, and stress response. Moreover, recent studies have unveiled the interesting interplay between selective autophagy and epigenetic mechanisms in plants, elucidating the significance of epigenetic regulation in modulating autophagy-related gene expression and finely tuning the selective autophagy process in plants. By synthesizing existing knowledge, this review highlights the emerging field of selective autophagy in plant cells, emphasizing its pivotal role in maintaining nutrient homeostasis, facilitating cellular adaptation, and shedding light on the epigenetic regulation that governs these processes. Our comprehensive study provides the way for a deeper understanding of the dynamic control of cellular responses to nutrient availability and stress conditions, opening new avenues for future research in this field of autophagy in plant physiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexis I Cadena-Ramos
- Unidad de Biotecnología, Centro de Investigación Científica de Yucatán, Calle 43 No. 130 x 32 y 34 Col. Chuburná de Hidalgo, 97205, Mérida, Yucatán, Mexico
| | - Clelia De-la-Peña
- Unidad de Biotecnología, Centro de Investigación Científica de Yucatán, Calle 43 No. 130 x 32 y 34 Col. Chuburná de Hidalgo, 97205, Mérida, Yucatán, Mexico
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12
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Feng Y, Chen Y, Wu X, Chen J, Zhou Q, Liu B, Zhang L, Yi C. Interplay of energy metabolism and autophagy. Autophagy 2024; 20:4-14. [PMID: 37594406 PMCID: PMC10761056 DOI: 10.1080/15548627.2023.2247300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2022] [Revised: 07/27/2023] [Accepted: 07/31/2023] [Indexed: 08/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Macroautophagy/autophagy, is widely recognized for its crucial role in enabling cell survival and maintaining cellular energy homeostasis during starvation or energy stress. Its regulation is intricately linked to cellular energy status. In this review, covering yeast, mammals, and plants, we aim to provide a comprehensive overview of the understanding of the roles and mechanisms of carbon- or glucose-deprivation related autophagy, showing how cells effectively respond to such challenges for survival. Further investigation is needed to determine the specific degraded substrates by autophagy during glucose or energy deprivation and the diverse roles and mechanisms during varying durations of energy starvation.Abbreviations: ADP: adenosine diphosphate; AMP: adenosine monophosphate; AMPK: AMP-activated protein kinase; ATG: autophagy related; ATP: adenosine triphosphate; ER: endoplasmic reticulum; ESCRT: endosomal sorting complex required for transport; GAPDH: glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase; GD: glucose deprivation; GFP: green fluorescent protein; GTPases: guanosine triphosphatases; HK2: hexokinase 2; K phaffii: Komagataella phaffii; LD: lipid droplet; MAP1LC3/LC3: microtubule-associated protein1 light chain 3; MAPK: mitogen-activated protein kinase; Mec1: mitosis entry checkpoint 1; MTOR: mechanistic target of rapamycin kinase; NAD (+): nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide; OGD: oxygen and glucose deprivation; PAS: phagophore assembly site; PCD: programmed cell death; PtdIns3K: class III phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase; PtdIns3P: phosphatidylinositol-3-phosphate; ROS: reactive oxygen species; S. cerevisiae: Saccharomyces cerevisiae; SIRT1: sirtuin 1; Snf1: sucrose non-fermenting 1; STK11/LKB1: serine/threonine kinase 11; TFEB: transcription factor EB; TORC1: target of rapamycin complex 1; ULK1: unc-51 like kinase 1; Vps27: vacuolar protein sorting 27; Vps4: vacuolar protein sorting 4.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuyao Feng
- Key Laboratory of Vector Biology and Pathogen Control of Zhejiang Province, School of Life Sciences, Huzhou University, Huzhou, China
- Department of Biochemistry, and Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery of the First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science, Beijing, China
| | - Ying Chen
- Department of Biochemistry, and Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery of the First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xiaoyong Wu
- Department of Biochemistry, and Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery of the First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Junye Chen
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science, Beijing, China
| | - Qingyan Zhou
- Department of Biochemistry, and Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery of the First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Bao Liu
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science, Beijing, China
| | - Liqin Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Vector Biology and Pathogen Control of Zhejiang Province, School of Life Sciences, Huzhou University, Huzhou, China
| | - Cong Yi
- Department of Biochemistry, and Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery of the First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
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13
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Barros JAS, Cavalcanti JHF, Pimentel KG, Magen S, Soroka Y, Weiss S, Medeiros DB, Nunes-Nesi A, Fernie AR, Avin-Wittenberg T, Araújo WL. The interplay between autophagy and chloroplast vesiculation pathways under dark-induced senescence. PLANT, CELL & ENVIRONMENT 2023; 46:3721-3736. [PMID: 37615309 DOI: 10.1111/pce.14701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2023] [Revised: 07/14/2023] [Accepted: 08/15/2023] [Indexed: 08/25/2023]
Abstract
In cellular circumstances where carbohydrates are scarce, plants can use alternative substrates for cellular energetic maintenance. In plants, the main protein reserve is present in the chloroplast, which contains most of the total leaf proteins and represents a rich source of nitrogen and amino acids. Autophagy plays a key role in chloroplast breakdown, a well-recognised symptom of both natural and stress-induced plant senescence. Remarkably, an autophagic-independent route of chloroplast degradation associated with chloroplast vesiculation (CV) gene was previously demonstrated. During extended darkness, CV is highly induced in the absence of autophagy, contributing to the early senescence phenotype of atg mutants. To further investigate the role of CV under dark-induced senescence conditions, mutants with low expression of CV (amircv) and double mutants amircv1xatg5 were characterised. Following darkness treatment, no aberrant phenotypes were observed in amircv single mutants; however, amircv1xatg5 double mutants displayed early senescence and altered dismantling of chloroplast and membrane structures under these conditions. Metabolic characterisation revealed that the functional lack of both CV and autophagy leads to higher impairment of amino acid release and differential organic acid accumulation during starvation conditions. The data obtained are discussed in the context of the role of CV and autophagy, both in terms of cellular metabolism and the regulation of chloroplast degradation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica A S Barros
- Departamento de Biologia Vegetal, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - João Henrique F Cavalcanti
- Instituto de Educação, Agricultura e Ambiente, Universidade Federal do Amazonas, Humaitá, Amazonas, Brazil
| | - Karla G Pimentel
- Departamento de Biologia Vegetal, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Sahar Magen
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, The Alexander Silberman Institute of Life Sciences, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Givat Ram, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Yoram Soroka
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, The Alexander Silberman Institute of Life Sciences, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Givat Ram, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Shahar Weiss
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, The Alexander Silberman Institute of Life Sciences, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Givat Ram, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - David B Medeiros
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, Potsdam, Germany
| | - Adriano Nunes-Nesi
- Departamento de Biologia Vegetal, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Alisdair R Fernie
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, Potsdam, Germany
| | - Tamar Avin-Wittenberg
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, The Alexander Silberman Institute of Life Sciences, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Givat Ram, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Wagner L Araújo
- Departamento de Biologia Vegetal, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, Minas Gerais, Brazil
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14
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Jampoh EA, Sáfrán E, Babinyec-Czifra D, Kristóf Z, Krárné Péntek B, Fábián A, Barnabás B, Jäger K. Morpho-Anatomical, Physiological and Biochemical Adjustments in Response to Heat and Drought Co-Stress in Winter Barley. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 12:3907. [PMID: 38005804 PMCID: PMC10674999 DOI: 10.3390/plants12223907] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2023] [Revised: 11/09/2023] [Accepted: 11/15/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023]
Abstract
This study aimed to investigate the combined effect of high temperatures 10 °C above the optimum and water withholding during microgametogenesis on vegetative processes and determine the response of winter barley genotypes with contrasting tolerance. For this purpose, two barley varieties were analyzed to compare the effect of heat and drought co-stress on their phenology, morpho-anatomy, physiological and biochemical responses and yield constituents. Genotypic variation was observed in response to heat and drought co-stress, which was attributed to differences in anatomy, ultrastructure and physiological and metabolic processes. The co-stress-induced reduction in relative water content, total soluble protein and carbohydrate contents, photosynthetic pigment contents and photosynthetic efficiency of the sensitive Spinner variety was significantly greater than the tolerant Lambada genotype. Based on these observations, it has been concluded that the heat-and-drought stress-tolerance of the Lambada variety is related to the lower initial chlorophyll content of the leaves, the relative resistance of photosynthetic pigments towards stress-triggered degradation, retained photosynthetic parameters and better-preserved leaf ultrastructure. Understanding the key factors underlying heat and drought co-stress tolerance in barley may enable breeders to create barley varieties with improved yield stability under a changing climate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emmanuel Asante Jampoh
- Biological Resources Department, HUN-REN Centre for Agricultural Research, 2462 Martonvásár, Hungary; (E.A.J.); (E.S.); (D.B.-C.); (B.K.P.); (A.F.); (B.B.)
- Doctoral School of Horticultural Sciences, MATE Hungarian University of Agriculture and Life Sciences, 2100 Gödöllő, Hungary
| | - Eszter Sáfrán
- Biological Resources Department, HUN-REN Centre for Agricultural Research, 2462 Martonvásár, Hungary; (E.A.J.); (E.S.); (D.B.-C.); (B.K.P.); (A.F.); (B.B.)
| | - Dorina Babinyec-Czifra
- Biological Resources Department, HUN-REN Centre for Agricultural Research, 2462 Martonvásár, Hungary; (E.A.J.); (E.S.); (D.B.-C.); (B.K.P.); (A.F.); (B.B.)
- Doctoral School of Biology, Institute of Biology, ELTE Eötvös Loránd University, 1053 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Zoltán Kristóf
- Department of Plant Anatomy, ELTE Eötvös Loránd University, 1053 Budapest, Hungary;
| | - Barbara Krárné Péntek
- Biological Resources Department, HUN-REN Centre for Agricultural Research, 2462 Martonvásár, Hungary; (E.A.J.); (E.S.); (D.B.-C.); (B.K.P.); (A.F.); (B.B.)
| | - Attila Fábián
- Biological Resources Department, HUN-REN Centre for Agricultural Research, 2462 Martonvásár, Hungary; (E.A.J.); (E.S.); (D.B.-C.); (B.K.P.); (A.F.); (B.B.)
| | - Beáta Barnabás
- Biological Resources Department, HUN-REN Centre for Agricultural Research, 2462 Martonvásár, Hungary; (E.A.J.); (E.S.); (D.B.-C.); (B.K.P.); (A.F.); (B.B.)
| | - Katalin Jäger
- Biological Resources Department, HUN-REN Centre for Agricultural Research, 2462 Martonvásár, Hungary; (E.A.J.); (E.S.); (D.B.-C.); (B.K.P.); (A.F.); (B.B.)
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15
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García Méndez MDC, Encarnación-Guevara S, Martínez Batallar ÁG, Gómez-Caudillo L, Bru-Martínez R, Martínez Márquez A, Selles Marchart S, Tovar-Sánchez E, Álvarez-Berber L, Marquina Bahena S, Perea-Arango I, Arellano-García JDJ. High variability of perezone content in rhizomes of Acourtia cordata wild plants, environmental factors related, and proteomic analysis. PeerJ 2023; 11:e16136. [PMID: 38025722 PMCID: PMC10656900 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.16136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2022] [Accepted: 08/29/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
With the aim of exploring the source of the high variability observed in the production of perezone, in Acourtia cordata wild plants, we analyze the influence of soil parameters and phenotypic characteristics on its perezone content. Perezone is a sesquiterpene quinone responsible for several pharmacological effects and the A. cordata plants are the natural source of this metabolite. The chemistry of perezone has been widely studied, however, no studies exist related to its production under natural conditions, nor to its biosynthesis and the environmental factors that affect the yield of this compound in wild plants. We also used a proteomic approach to detect differentially expressed proteins in wild plant rhizomes and compare the profiles of high vs. low perezone-producing plants. Our results show that in perezone-producing rhizomes, the presence of high concentrations of this compound could result from a positive response to the effects of some edaphic factors, such as total phosphorus (Pt), total nitrogen (Nt), ammonium (NH4), and organic matter (O. M.), but could also be due to a negative response to the soil pH value. Additionally, we identified 616 differentially expressed proteins between high and low perezone producers. According to the functional annotation of this comparison, the upregulated proteins were grouped in valine biosynthesis, breakdown of leucine and isoleucine, and secondary metabolism such as terpenoid biosynthesis. Downregulated proteins were grouped in basal metabolism processes, such as pyruvate and purine metabolism and glycolysis/gluconeogenesis. Our results suggest that soil parameters can impact the content of perezone in wild plants. Furthermore, we used proteomic resources to obtain data on the pathways expressed when A. cordata plants produce high and low concentrations of perezone. These data may be useful to further explore the possible relationship between perezone production and abiotic or biotic factors and the molecular mechanisms related to high and low perezone production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ma del Carmen García Méndez
- Centro de Investigación en Biotecnología, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Morelos, Cuernavaca, Morelos, México
| | | | | | - Leopoldo Gómez-Caudillo
- Centro de Ciencias Genómicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Cuernavaca, Morelos, México
| | - Roque Bru-Martínez
- Departamento de Agroquímica y Bioquímica, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Alicante, Alicante, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria y Biomédica de Alicante, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria y Biomédica de Alicante, Alicante, Spain
| | - Ascensión Martínez Márquez
- Departamento de Agroquímica y Bioquímica, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Alicante, Alicante, Spain
| | - Susana Selles Marchart
- Departamento de Agroquímica y Bioquímica, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Alicante, Alicante, Spain
| | - Efraín Tovar-Sánchez
- Centro de Investigación en Biodiversidad y Conservación, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Morelos, Cuernavaca, Morelos, Mexico
| | - Laura Álvarez-Berber
- Centro de Investigaciones Químicas, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Morelos, Cuernavaca, Morelos, Mexico
| | - Silvia Marquina Bahena
- Centro de Investigaciones Químicas, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Morelos, Cuernavaca, Morelos, Mexico
| | - Irene Perea-Arango
- Centro de Investigación en Biotecnología, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Morelos, Cuernavaca, Morelos, México
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16
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Zi L, Reynaert S, Nijs I, De Boeck H, Verbruggen E, Beemster GTS, Asard H, AbdElgawad H. Biochemical composition changes can be linked to the tolerance of four grassland species under more persistent precipitation regimes. PHYSIOLOGIA PLANTARUM 2023; 175:e14083. [PMID: 38148201 DOI: 10.1111/ppl.14083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2023] [Revised: 10/29/2023] [Accepted: 10/30/2023] [Indexed: 12/28/2023]
Abstract
Climate models suggest that the persistence of summer precipitation regimes (PRs) is on the rise, characterized by both longer dry and longer wet durations. These PR changes may alter plant biochemical composition and thereby their economic and ecological characteristics. However, impacts of PR persistence have primarily been studied at the community level, largely ignoring the biochemistry of individual species. Here, we analyzed biochemical components of four grassland species with varying sensitivity to PR persistence (Holcus lanatus, Phleum pratense, Lychnis flos-cuculi, Plantago lanceolata) along a range of increasingly persistent PRs (longer consecutive dry and wet periods) in a mesocosm experiment. The more persistent PRs decreased nonstructural sugars, whereas they increased lignin in all species, possibly reducing plant quality. The most sensitive species Lychnis seemed less capable of altering its biochemical composition in response to altered PRs, which may partly explain its higher sensitivity. The more tolerant species may have a more robust and dynamic biochemical network, which buffers the effects of changes in individual biochemical components on biomass. We conclude that the biochemical composition changes are important determinants for plant performance under increasingly persistent precipitation regimes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Zi
- Integrated Molecular Plant Physiology Research (IMPRES), Department of Biology, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Simon Reynaert
- Plants and Ecosystems (PLECO), Department of Biology, University of Antwerp, Wilrijk, Belgium
| | - Ivan Nijs
- Plants and Ecosystems (PLECO), Department of Biology, University of Antwerp, Wilrijk, Belgium
| | - Hans De Boeck
- Plants and Ecosystems (PLECO), Department of Biology, University of Antwerp, Wilrijk, Belgium
| | - Erik Verbruggen
- Plants and Ecosystems (PLECO), Department of Biology, University of Antwerp, Wilrijk, Belgium
| | - Gerrit T S Beemster
- Integrated Molecular Plant Physiology Research (IMPRES), Department of Biology, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Han Asard
- Integrated Molecular Plant Physiology Research (IMPRES), Department of Biology, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Hamada AbdElgawad
- Integrated Molecular Plant Physiology Research (IMPRES), Department of Biology, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
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17
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Asad MAU, Guan X, Zhou L, Qian Z, Yan Z, Cheng F. Involvement of plant signaling network and cell metabolic homeostasis in nitrogen deficiency-induced early leaf senescence. PLANT SCIENCE : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2023; 336:111855. [PMID: 37678563 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2023.111855] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2023] [Revised: 08/28/2023] [Accepted: 08/30/2023] [Indexed: 09/09/2023]
Abstract
Nitrogen (N) is a basic building block that plays an essential role in the maintenance of normal plant growth and its metabolic functions through complex regulatory networks. Such the N metabolic network comprises a series of transcription factors (TFs), with the coordinated actions of phytohormone and sugar signaling to sustain cell homeostasis. The fluctuating N concentration in plant tissues alters the sensitivity of several signaling pathways to stressful environments and regulates the senescent-associated changes in cellular structure and metabolic process. Here, we review recent advances in the interaction between N assimilation and carbon metabolism in response to N deficiency and its regulation to the nutrient remobilization from source to sink during leaf senescence. The regulatory networks of N and sugar signaling for N deficiency-induced leaf senescence is further discussed to explain the effects of N deficiency on chloroplast disassembly, reactive oxygen species (ROS) burst, asparagine metabolism, sugar transport, autophagy process, Ca2+ signaling, circadian clock response, brassinazole-resistant 1 (BZRI), and other stress cell signaling. A comprehensive understanding for the metabolic mechanism and regulatory network underlying N deficiency-induced leaf senescence may provide a theoretical guide to optimize the source-sink relationship during grain filling for the achievement of high yield by a selection of crop cultivars with the properly prolonged lifespan of functional leaves and/or by appropriate agronomic managements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Asad Ullah Asad
- Institute of Crop Science, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Xianyue Guan
- Institute of Crop Science, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Lujian Zhou
- Institute of Crop Science, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Zhao Qian
- Institute of Crop Science, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China; School of Biological and Chemical Engineering, Zhejiang University of Science and Technology, Hangzhou, China
| | - Zhang Yan
- Institute of Crop Science, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Fangmin Cheng
- Institute of Crop Science, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China; Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Centre for Modern Crop Production, Nanjing, China.
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18
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Wang Y, Wu W, Zhang L, Jiang H, Mei L. Variations in amino acids caused by drought stress mediate the predisposition of Carya cathayensis to Botryosphaeria canker disease. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2023; 74:4628-4641. [PMID: 37129574 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erad161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2022] [Accepted: 04/28/2023] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Abiotic stresses can affect the outcome of plant-pathogen interactions, mostly by predisposing the host plant to infection; however, the crosstalk between pathogens and plants related to such predisposition remains unclear. Here, we investigated the predisposition of Carya cathayensis to infection by the fungal pathogen Botryosphaeria dothidea (Bd) caused by drought in the host plant. High levels of drought stress resulted in a significant increase in plant susceptibility to Bd. Drought significantly induced the accumulation of H2O2 and the free amino acids Pro, Leu, and Ile, and in the phloem tissues of plants, and decreased the content of non-structural carbohydrates. In vitro assays showed that Bd was sensitive to H2O2; however, Pro played a protective role against exogenous H2O2. Leu, Ile, and Pro induced asexual reproduction of Bd. Our results provide the first analysis of how drought predisposes C. cathayensis to Botrysphaeria canker via amino acid accumulation in the host plant, and we propose a model that integrates the plant-pathogen interactions involved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongjun Wang
- College of Forestry and Biotechnology, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou, 311300, Zhejiang, China
| | - Wenbin Wu
- College of Forestry and Biotechnology, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou, 311300, Zhejiang, China
| | - Liqin Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Vector Biology and Pathogen Control of Zhejiang Province, Huzhou University, Huzhou, 313000, Zhejiang, China
| | - Hong Jiang
- College of Forestry and Biotechnology, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou, 311300, Zhejiang, China
| | - Li Mei
- College of Forestry and Biotechnology, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou, 311300, Zhejiang, China
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19
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Zhu P, Li R, Fan W, Xia Z, Li J, Wang C, Zhao A. A mulberry 9- cis-epoxycarotenoid dioxygenase gene MaNCED1 is involved in plant growth regulation and confers salt and drought tolerance in transgenic tobacco. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 14:1228902. [PMID: 37575921 PMCID: PMC10416802 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1228902] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2023] [Accepted: 07/13/2023] [Indexed: 08/15/2023]
Abstract
The phytohormone abscisic acid (ABA) is vital in regulating root elongation, seed germination, and abiotic stress responses in plants. Conversely, the mechanisms of ABA in mulberry root growth, seed germination, and abiotic stress responses are poorly understood. Here, we reported that exogenous ABA and drought treatment inhibited the growth of mulberry seedlings but significantly increased the ratio of root/stem. Inhibition of ABA synthesis by fluridone and sodium tungstate resulted in the decrease of root/stem ratio. We also showed that the expression of MaNCED1 in the root was strongly induced by drought and salt stress. Increasing the expression of MaNCED1 in tobacco using overexpression leads to increased root elongation and reduced seed germination. Compared with the wild type, the accumulation of H2O2 and MDA was reduced, while the POD activity and proline content was increased in the transgenic plants after drought and salt treatment. Further studies revealed increased resistance to drought and salt stress in MaNCED1 overexpressed tobaccos. Meanwhile, the auxin and ethylene signal pathway-related gene expression levels increased in MaNCED1 overexpressed tobaccos. This study demonstrated the roles of mulberry MaNCED1 in regulating plant development and abiotic stress responses. It gave further insights into the coordinated regulation of ABA, auxin, and ethylene in seed growth and germination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Panpan Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Resource Insects, Institute of Sericulture and Systems Biology, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
- Resource Institute for Chinese & Ethnic Materia Medica, Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guiyang, China
| | - Ruolan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Resource Insects, Institute of Sericulture and Systems Biology, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Wei Fan
- State Key Laboratory of Resource Insects, Institute of Sericulture and Systems Biology, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Zhongqiang Xia
- State Key Laboratory of Resource Insects, Institute of Sericulture and Systems Biology, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Jun Li
- Resource Institute for Chinese & Ethnic Materia Medica, Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guiyang, China
| | - Chuanhong Wang
- The National Engineering Laboratory of Crop Resistance Breeding, School of Life Sciences, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, China
| | - Aichun Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Resource Insects, Institute of Sericulture and Systems Biology, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
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Yan Z, Xu D, Yue X, Yuan S, Shi J, Gao L, Wu C, Zuo J, Wang Q. Whole-transcriptome RNA sequencing reveals changes in amino acid metabolism induced in harvested broccoli by red LED irradiation. Food Res Int 2023; 169:112820. [PMID: 37254395 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2023.112820] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2023] [Revised: 03/27/2023] [Accepted: 04/11/2023] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Whole-transcriptomic profiling combined with amino acid analysis were conducted in order to gain a better understanding of global changes in amino acid metabolism induced in broccoli by red LED irradiation. The results showed that the contents of almost all 16 amino acids in postharvest broccoli were maintained under red LED illumination. The red LED irradiation enhanced the anabolism of amino acid, including the biosynthesis of aromatic amino acids by upregulating the genes' expression in the shikimate pathway, as well as by upregulating the genes' expression which encoding biosynthetic enzymes in the branched-chain amino acid biosynthesis pathway. Red LED irradiation induced the expression of genes encoding aspartate aminotransferase, which plays a role in Asp synthesis, aspartate kinase, which functions in aspartate metabolism, and a cytoplasmic aspartate aminotransferase that converts 2-Oxoglutarate into Glu. Genes encoding imidazole glycerol-phosphate synthase and histidinol-phosphatase, which function in the His biosynthesis pathway, were also upregulated. According to our results, red LED irradiation delays broccoli's yellowing and senescence by regulating amino acid metabolism. These results enhance our understanding of the role of amino acid metabolism in the senescence of broccoli and the mechanism of red LED irradiation to alter amino acid metabolism in harvested broccoli.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhicheng Yan
- Key Laboratory of Vegetable Postharvest Processing, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing Key Laboratory of Fruits and Vegetable Storage and Processing, Institute of Agri-food Processing and Nutrition, Beijing Vegetable Research Center, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing 100097, China; College of Light Industry and Food Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210037, PR China.
| | - Dongying Xu
- Key Laboratory of Vegetable Postharvest Processing, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing Key Laboratory of Fruits and Vegetable Storage and Processing, Institute of Agri-food Processing and Nutrition, Beijing Vegetable Research Center, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing 100097, China.
| | - Xiaozhen Yue
- Key Laboratory of Vegetable Postharvest Processing, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing Key Laboratory of Fruits and Vegetable Storage and Processing, Institute of Agri-food Processing and Nutrition, Beijing Vegetable Research Center, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing 100097, China.
| | - Shuzhi Yuan
- Key Laboratory of Vegetable Postharvest Processing, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing Key Laboratory of Fruits and Vegetable Storage and Processing, Institute of Agri-food Processing and Nutrition, Beijing Vegetable Research Center, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing 100097, China
| | - Junyan Shi
- Key Laboratory of Vegetable Postharvest Processing, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing Key Laboratory of Fruits and Vegetable Storage and Processing, Institute of Agri-food Processing and Nutrition, Beijing Vegetable Research Center, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing 100097, China
| | - Lipu Gao
- Key Laboratory of Vegetable Postharvest Processing, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing Key Laboratory of Fruits and Vegetable Storage and Processing, Institute of Agri-food Processing and Nutrition, Beijing Vegetable Research Center, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing 100097, China
| | - Caie Wu
- College of Light Industry and Food Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210037, PR China
| | - Jinhua Zuo
- Key Laboratory of Vegetable Postharvest Processing, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing Key Laboratory of Fruits and Vegetable Storage and Processing, Institute of Agri-food Processing and Nutrition, Beijing Vegetable Research Center, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing 100097, China.
| | - Qing Wang
- Key Laboratory of Vegetable Postharvest Processing, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing Key Laboratory of Fruits and Vegetable Storage and Processing, Institute of Agri-food Processing and Nutrition, Beijing Vegetable Research Center, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing 100097, China.
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21
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Liu Y, Gao S, Hu Y, Zhang T, Guo J, Shi L, Li M. Comparative study of leaf nutrient reabsorption by two different ecotypes of wild soybean under low-nitrogen stress. PeerJ 2023; 11:e15486. [PMID: 37397019 PMCID: PMC10312162 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.15486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2022] [Accepted: 05/10/2023] [Indexed: 07/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Wild soybean (Glycine soja), the ancestor of cultivated soybean, has evolved into many ecotypes with different adaptations to adversity under the action of divergent evolution. Barren-tolerant wild soybean has developed adaptation to most nutrient-stress environments, especially with respect to low nitrogen (LN) conditions. This study describes the differences in physiological and metabolomic changes between common wild soybean (GS1) and barren-tolerant wild soybean(GS2) under LN stress. Compared with plants grown under the unstressed control (CK) conditions, the young leaves of barren-tolerant wild soybean under LN conditions maintained relatively stable chlorophyll, concentration and rates of photosynthesis and transpiration, as well as increased carotenoid content, whereas the net photosynthetic rate (PN) of GS1 decreased significantly 0.64-fold (p < 0.05) in the young leaves of GS1. The ratio of internal to atmospheric CO2 concentrations increased significantly 0.07-fold (p < 0.05), 0.09-fold (p < 0.05) in the young leaves of GS1 and GS2, respectively, and increased significantly 0.05-fold (p < 0.05) and 0.07-fold (p < 0.05) in the old leaves of GS1 and GS2, respectively, relative to the CK. The concentration of chlorophylls a and b decreased significantly 0.45-fold (p < 0.05), 0.13-fold (p > 0.05) in the young leaves of GS1 and GS2, respectively, and decreased significantly 0.74-fold (p < 0.01) and 0.60-fold (p < 0.01) in the old leaves of GS1 and GS2, respectively. Under LN stress, nitrate concentration in the young leaves of GS1 and GS2 decreased significantly 0.69- and 0.50-fold (p < 0.01), respectively, relative to CK, and decreased significantly 2.10-fold and 1.77-fold (p < 0.01) in the old leaves of GS1 and GS2, respectively. Barren-tolerant wild soybean increased the concentration of beneficial ion pairs. Under LN stress, Zn2+ significantly increased by 1.06- and 1.35-fold (p < 0.01) in the young and old leaves of GS2 (p < 0.01), but there was no significant change in GS1. The metabolism of amino acids and organic acids was high in GS2 young and old leaves, and the metabolites related to the TCA cycle were significantly increased. The 4-aminobutyric acid (GABA) concertation decreased significantly 0.70-fold (p < 0.05) in the young leaves of GS1 but increased 0.21-fold (p < 0.05) significantly in GS2. The relative concentration of proline increased significantly 1.21-fold (p < 0.01) and 2.85-fold (p < 0.01) in the young and old leaves of GS2. Under LN stress, GS2 could maintain photosynthesis rate and enhance the reabsorption of nitrate and magnesium in young leaves, compared to GS1. More importantly, GS2 exhibited increased amino acid and TCA cycle metabolism in young and old leaves. Adequate reabsorption of mineral and organic nutrients is an important strategy for barren-tolerant wild soybeans to survive under LN stress. Our research provides a new perspective on the exploitation and utilization of wild soybean resources.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Liu
- Northeast Normal University, Changchun, China
- ChiFeng University, ChiFeng, China
| | - Shujuan Gao
- Northeast Normal University, Changchun, China
| | - Yunan Hu
- Northeast Normal University, Changchun, China
| | - Tao Zhang
- Northeast Normal University, Changchun, China
| | - Jixun Guo
- Northeast Normal University, Changchun, China
| | | | - Mingxia Li
- ChangChun Normal University, Changchun, China
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22
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Hacham Y, Shitrit O, Nisimi O, Friebach M, Amir R. Elucidating the importance of the catabolic enzyme, methionine-gamma-lyase, in stresses during Arabidopsis seed development and germination. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 14:1143021. [PMID: 37346132 PMCID: PMC10280021 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1143021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2023] [Accepted: 05/03/2023] [Indexed: 06/23/2023]
Abstract
The sulfur-containing essential amino acid, methionine, is a key metabolite in plant cells since it is used as a precursor for the synthesis of vital metabolites. The transcript level of methionine's catabolic enzyme, methionine γ-lyase (MGL), accumulates in the seeds to a high level compared to other organs. The aim of this study was to reveal the role of MGL during seed development and germination. Using [13C]S-methylmethionine (SMM), the mobile form of methionine that is used to feed flower stalks of wild-type (WT) plants, revealed that the contents of [13C]methionine in seeds were significantly reduced when the plants underwent heat and osmotic stresses. Moreover, the levels of [13C]isoleucine, a product of MGL, significantly increased. Also, using the MGL promoter and gene fused to the GUS reporter gene, it was demonstrated that the heat stress significantly increased the protein level in the seeds. Therefore, we can conclude that MGL became active under stresses apparently to produce isoleucine, which is used as an osmoprotectant and an energy source. Transgenic Arabidopsis thaliana RNAi seeds with targeted repression of AtMGL during the late developmental stages of seeds show that the seeds did not accumulate methionine when they were grown under standard growth conditions, unlike the mgl-2, a knockout mutant, which showed a three-fold higher level of methionine. Also, when the RNAi plants developed under mid-heat stress, the level of methionine significantly increased while the content of isoleucine decreased compared to the control seeds, which strengthened the assumption that MGL is active under stress. The germination efficiency of the RNAi lines and mgl seeds were similar to their controls. However, the seeds that developed during heat or salt stress showed significantly lower germination efficiency compared to the control seeds. This implies that MGL is important to maintain the ability of the seeds to germinate. The RNAi lines and mgl seeds that developed under regular conditions, but germinated during salt or osmotic stress, exhibited a lower germination rate, suggesting an essential role of MGL also during this process. The results of this study show the important role of AtMGL in seeds under stresses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yael Hacham
- Laboratory of Plant Science, MIGAL – Galilee Research Institute, Kiryat Shmona, Israel
- Tel-Hai College, Faculty of Sciences and Technology, Upper Galilee, Israel
| | - Odelia Shitrit
- Laboratory of Plant Science, MIGAL – Galilee Research Institute, Kiryat Shmona, Israel
- Tel-Hai College, Faculty of Sciences and Technology, Upper Galilee, Israel
| | - Ortal Nisimi
- Laboratory of Plant Science, MIGAL – Galilee Research Institute, Kiryat Shmona, Israel
- Tel-Hai College, Faculty of Sciences and Technology, Upper Galilee, Israel
| | - Meital Friebach
- Laboratory of Plant Science, MIGAL – Galilee Research Institute, Kiryat Shmona, Israel
- Tel-Hai College, Faculty of Sciences and Technology, Upper Galilee, Israel
| | - Rachel Amir
- Laboratory of Plant Science, MIGAL – Galilee Research Institute, Kiryat Shmona, Israel
- Tel-Hai College, Faculty of Sciences and Technology, Upper Galilee, Israel
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23
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Jin X, Ackah M, Wang L, Amoako FK, Shi Y, Essoh LG, Li J, Zhang Q, Li H, Zhao W. Magnesium Nutrient Application Induces Metabolomics and Physiological Responses in Mulberry ( Morus alba) Plants. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24119650. [PMID: 37298601 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24119650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2023] [Revised: 05/27/2023] [Accepted: 05/29/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Mulberry (Morus alba) is a significant plant with numerous economic benefits; however, its growth and development are affected by nutrient levels. A high level of magnesium (Mg) or magnesium nutrient starvation are two of the significant Mg factors affecting plant growth and development. Nevertheless, M. alba's metabolic response to different Mg concentrations is unclear. In this study, different Mg concentrations, optimal (3 mmol/L), high (6 mmol/L and 9 mmol/L), or low (1 and 2 mmol/L) and deficient (0 mmol/L), were applied to M. alba for three weeks to evaluate their effects via physiological and metabolomics (untargeted; liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS)) studies. Several measured physiological traits revealed that Mg deficiency and excess Mg altered net photosynthesis, chlorophyll content, leaf Mg content and fresh weight, leading to remarkable reductions in the photosynthetic efficiency and biomass of mulberry plants. Our study reveals that an adequate supply of the nutrient Mg promoted the mulberry's physiological response parameters (net photosynthesis, chlorophyll content, leaf and root Mg content and biomass). The metabolomics data show that different Mg concentrations affect several differential metabolite expressions (DEMs), particularly fatty acyls, flavonoids, amino acids, organic acid, organooxygen compounds, prenol lipids, coumarins, steroids and steroid derivatives, cinnamic acids and derivatives. An excessive supply of Mg produced more DEMs, but negatively affected biomass production compared to low and optimum supplies of Mg. The significant DEMs correlated positively with mulberry's net photosynthesis, chlorophyll content, leaf Mg content and fresh weight. The mulberry plant's response to the application of Mg used metabolites, mainly amino acids, organic acids, fatty acyls, flavonoids and prenol lipids, in the KEGG (Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes) pathways. These classes of compounds were mainly involved in lipid metabolism, amino acid metabolism, energy metabolism, the biosynthesis of other secondary metabolites, the biosynthesis of other amino acids, the metabolism of cofactors and vitamin pathways, indicating that mulberry plants respond to Mg concentrations by producing a divergent metabolism. The supply of Mg nutrition was an important factor influencing the induction of DEMs, and these metabolites were critical in several metabolic pathways related to magnesium nutrition. This study provides a fundamental understanding of DEMs in M. alba's response to Mg nutrition and the metabolic mechanisms involved, which may be critical to the mulberry genetic breeding program.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Jin
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Sericultural Biology and Biotechnology, School of Biotechnology, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang 212100, China
| | - Michael Ackah
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Sericultural Biology and Biotechnology, School of Biotechnology, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang 212100, China
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China
| | - Lei Wang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Sericultural Biology and Biotechnology, School of Biotechnology, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang 212100, China
| | - Frank Kwarteng Amoako
- Institute of Plant Nutrition and Soil Science, Kiel University, Hermann-Rodewald-Straße 2, 24118 Kiel, Germany
| | - Yisu Shi
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Sericultural Biology and Biotechnology, School of Biotechnology, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang 212100, China
| | - Lionnelle Gyllye Essoh
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Sericultural Biology and Biotechnology, School of Biotechnology, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang 212100, China
| | - Jianbin Li
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Sericultural Biology and Biotechnology, School of Biotechnology, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang 212100, China
| | - Qiaonan Zhang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Sericultural Biology and Biotechnology, School of Biotechnology, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang 212100, China
| | - Haonan Li
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Sericultural Biology and Biotechnology, School of Biotechnology, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang 212100, China
| | - Weiguo Zhao
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Sericultural Biology and Biotechnology, School of Biotechnology, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang 212100, China
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24
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Schmiege SC, Heskel M, Fan Y, Way DA. It's only natural: Plant respiration in unmanaged systems. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2023; 192:710-727. [PMID: 36943293 PMCID: PMC10231469 DOI: 10.1093/plphys/kiad167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2023] [Revised: 02/27/2023] [Accepted: 02/27/2023] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Respiration plays a key role in the terrestrial carbon cycle and is a fundamental metabolic process in all plant tissues and cells. We review respiration from the perspective of plants that grow in their natural habitat and how it is influenced by wide-ranging elements at different scales, from metabolic substrate availability to shifts in climate. Decades of field-based measurements have honed our understanding of the biological and environmental controls on leaf, root, stem, and whole-organism respiration. Despite this effort, there remain gaps in our knowledge within and across species and ecosystems, especially in more challenging-to-measure tissues like roots. Recent databases of respiration rates and associated leaf traits from species representing diverse biomes, plant functional types, and regional climates have allowed for a wider-lens view at modeling this important CO2 flux. We also re-analyze published data sets to show that maximum leaf respiration rates (Rmax) in species from around the globe are related both to leaf economic traits and environmental variables (precipitation and air temperature), but that root respiration does not follow the same latitudinal trends previously published for leaf data. We encourage the ecophysiological community to continue to expand their study of plant respiration in tissues that are difficult to measure and at the whole plant and ecosystem levels to address outstanding questions in the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie C Schmiege
- Plant Resilience Institute, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, 48824, USA
- Department of Biology, Western University, N6A 3K7, London, ON, Canada
| | - Mary Heskel
- Department of Biology, Macalester College, Saint Paul, MN, USA 55105
| | - Yuzhen Fan
- Research School of Biology, The Australian National University, Acton, ACT, Australia
| | - Danielle A Way
- Department of Biology, Western University, N6A 3K7, London, ON, Canada
- Research School of Biology, The Australian National University, Acton, ACT, Australia
- Environmental & Climate Sciences Department, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY, USA
- Nicholas School of the Environment, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
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25
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Atala C, Reyes SA, Molina-Montenegro MA. Assessing the Importance of Native Mycorrhizal Fungi to Improve Tree Establishment after Wildfires. J Fungi (Basel) 2023; 9:jof9040421. [PMID: 37108876 PMCID: PMC10144394 DOI: 10.3390/jof9040421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2023] [Revised: 03/17/2023] [Accepted: 03/23/2023] [Indexed: 03/31/2023] Open
Abstract
The Chilean matorral is a heavily threatened Mediterranean-type ecosystem due to human-related activities such as anthropogenic fires. Mycorrhizal fungi may be the key microorganisms to help plants cope with environmental stress and improve the restoration of degraded ecosystems. However, the application of mycorrhizal fungi in the restoration of the Chilean matorral is limited because of insufficient local information. Consequently, we assessed the effect of mycorrhizal inoculation on the survival and photosynthesis at set intervals for two years after a fire event in four native woody plant species, namely: Peumus boldus, Quillaja saponaria, Cryptocarya alba, and Kageneckia oblonga, all dominant species of the matorral. Additionally, we assessed the enzymatic activity of three enzymes and macronutrient in the soil in mycorrhizal and non-mycorrhizal plants. The results showed that mycorrhizal inoculation increased survival in all studied species after a fire and increased photosynthesis in all, but not in P. boldus. Additionally, the soil associated with mycorrhizal plants had higher enzymatic activity and macronutrient levels in all species except in Q. saponaria, in which there was no significant mycorrhization effect. The results suggest that mycorrhizal fungi could increase the fitness of plants used in restoration initiatives after severe disturbances such as fires and, consequently, should be considered for restoration programs of native species in threatened Mediterranean ecosystems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristian Atala
- Instituto de Biología, Facultad de Ciencias, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Valparaíso, Av. Universidad 330, Curauma, Valparaíso 2340000, Chile
| | - Sebastián A. Reyes
- Instituto de Biología, Facultad de Ciencias, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Valparaíso, Av. Universidad 330, Curauma, Valparaíso 2340000, Chile
| | - Marco A. Molina-Montenegro
- Centre for Integrative Ecology (CIE), Instituto de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad de Talca, Campus Lircay, Avda. Lircay s/n, Talca 3460000, Chile
- Centro de Investigación en Estudios Avanzados del Maule (CIEAM), Universidad Católica del Maule, Talca 3460000, Chile
- Correspondence:
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26
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Chen T, Ma J, Xu C, Jiang N, Li G, Fu W, Feng B, Wang D, Wu Z, Tao L, Fu G. Increased ATPase activity promotes heat-resistance, high-yield, and high-quality traits in rice by improving energy status. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:1035027. [PMID: 36600923 PMCID: PMC9806274 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.1035027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2022] [Accepted: 09/26/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Heat stress during the reproductive stage results in major losses in yield and quality, which might be mainly caused by an energy imbalance. However, how energy status affected heat response, yield and quality remains unclear. No relationships were observed among the heat resistance, yield, and quality of the forty-nine early rice cultivars under normal temperature conditions. However, two cultivars, Zhuliangyou30 (ZLY30) and Luliangyou35 (LLY35), differing in heat resistance, yield, and quality were detected. The yield was higher and the chalkiness degree was lower in ZLY30 than in LLY35. Decreases in yields and increases in the chalkiness degree with temperatures were more pronounced in LLY35 than in ZLY30. The accumulation and allocation (ratio of the panicle to the whole plant) of dry matter weight and non-structural carbohydrates were higher in ZLY30 than in LLY35 across all sowing times and temperatures. The accumulation and allocation of dry matter weight and non-structural carbohydrates in panicles were higher in ZLY30 than in LLY35. Similar patterns were observed in the relative expression levels of sucrose unloading related genes SUT1 and SUT2 in grains. The ATP content was higher in the grains of LLY35 than in ZLY30, whereas the ATPase activity, which determined the energy status, was significantly lower in the former than in the latter. Thus, increased ATPase activity, which improved the energy status of rice, was the factor mediating the balance among heat-resistance, high-yield, and high-quality traits in rice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tingting Chen
- National Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou, China
- Agronomy College, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China
| | - Jiaying Ma
- National Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou, China
| | - Chunmei Xu
- National Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou, China
| | - Ning Jiang
- National Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou, China
| | - Guangyan Li
- National Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou, China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology, Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Modern Production Technology of Grain Crops, Agricultural College, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Weimeng Fu
- National Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou, China
| | - Baohua Feng
- National Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou, China
| | - Danying Wang
- National Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou, China
| | - Zhihai Wu
- Agronomy College, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China
| | - Longxing Tao
- National Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou, China
| | - Guanfu Fu
- National Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou, China
- Agronomy College, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China
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27
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Porto NP, Bret RSC, Souza PVL, Cândido-Sobrinho SA, Medeiros DB, Fernie AR, Daloso DM. Thioredoxins regulate the metabolic fluxes throughout the tricarboxylic acid cycle and associated pathways in a light-independent manner. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2022; 193:36-49. [PMID: 36323196 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2022.10.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2022] [Revised: 10/11/2022] [Accepted: 10/19/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
The metabolic fluxes throughout the tricarboxylic acid cycle (TCAC) are inhibited in the light by the mitochondrial thioredoxin (TRX) system. However, it is unclear how this system orchestrates the fluxes throughout the TCAC and associated pathways in the dark. Here we carried out a13C-HCO3 labelling experiment in Arabidopsis leaves from wild type (WT) and mutants lacking TRX o1 (trxo1), TRX h2 (trxh2), or both NADPH-dependent TRX reductase A and B (ntra ntrb) exposed to 0, 30 and 60 min of dark or light conditions. No 13C-enrichment in TCAC metabolites in illuminated WT leaves was observed. However, increased succinate content was found in parallel to reductions in Ala in the light, suggesting the latter operates as an alternative carbon source for succinate synthesis. By contrast to WT, all mutants showed substantial changes in the content and 13C-enrichment in TCAC metabolites under both dark and light conditions. Increased 13C-enrichment in glutamine in illuminated trxo1 leaves was also observed, strengthening the idea that TRX o1 restricts in vivo carbon fluxes from glycolysis and the TCAC to glutamine. We further demonstrated that both photosynthetic and gluconeogenic fluxes toward glucose are increased in trxo1 and that the phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase (PEPc)-mediated 13C-incorporation into malate is higher in trxh2 mutants, as compared to WT. Our results collectively provide evidence that TRX h2 and the mitochondrial NTR/TRX system regulate the metabolic fluxes throughout the TCAC and associated pathways, including glycolysis, gluconeogenesis and the synthesis of glutamine in a light-independent manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicole P Porto
- LabPlant, Departamento de Bioquímica e Biologia Molecular, Universidade Federal do Ceará, 60451-970, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil
| | - Raissa S C Bret
- LabPlant, Departamento de Bioquímica e Biologia Molecular, Universidade Federal do Ceará, 60451-970, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil
| | - Paulo V L Souza
- LabPlant, Departamento de Bioquímica e Biologia Molecular, Universidade Federal do Ceará, 60451-970, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil
| | - Silvio A Cândido-Sobrinho
- LabPlant, Departamento de Bioquímica e Biologia Molecular, Universidade Federal do Ceará, 60451-970, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil
| | - David B Medeiros
- Max-Planck-Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, 14476, Potsdam-Golm, Germany
| | - Alisdair R Fernie
- Max-Planck-Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, 14476, Potsdam-Golm, Germany
| | - Danilo M Daloso
- LabPlant, Departamento de Bioquímica e Biologia Molecular, Universidade Federal do Ceará, 60451-970, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil.
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28
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Zhao DL, Sun RX, Han XB, Wang M, Zhang XF, Wang XB, Wan J, Liu J, Li YQ, Ma SQ, Zhang CS. Metabolomic and regular analysis reveal phytotoxic mechanisms of sterigmatocystin in Amaranthus retroflexus L. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2022; 247:114273. [PMID: 36356529 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2022.114273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2022] [Revised: 10/31/2022] [Accepted: 11/04/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Sterigmatocystin (STE) is a common hepatotoxic and nephrotoxic contaminant in cereals, however, its phytotoxicity and mechanisms are poorly understood. Here, the phytotoxic mechanisms of STE were investigated via the metabolomics of Amaranthus retroflexus L. A total of 140 and 113 differential metabolites were detected in the leaves and stems, respectively, among which amino acids, lipids, and phenolic compounds were significantly perturbed. Valine, leucine, isoleucine, and lysine biosynthesis were affected by STE. These metabolic responses revealed that STE might be toxic to plants by altering the plasma membrane and inducing oxidative damage, which was verified by measuring the relative electrical conductivity and quantification of reactive oxygen species. The elevated amino acids, as well as the decreased of D-sedoheptuiose-7-phosphate indicated increased proteolysis and carbohydrate metabolism restriction. Furthermore, the IAA level also decreased. This study provides a better understanding of the impacts of STE on the public health, environment and food security.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong-Lin Zhao
- Tobacco Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Qingdao 266101, China
| | - Rui-Xue Sun
- Tobacco Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Qingdao 266101, China
| | - Xiao-Bin Han
- Zunyi Branch, Guizhou Tobacco Company, Zunyi 563000, China
| | - Mei Wang
- Tobacco Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Qingdao 266101, China
| | - Xi-Fen Zhang
- Tobacco Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Qingdao 266101, China
| | - Xian-Bo Wang
- Zunyi Branch, Guizhou Tobacco Company, Zunyi 563000, China
| | - Jun Wan
- Zunyi Branch, Guizhou Tobacco Company, Zunyi 563000, China
| | - Jing Liu
- Zunyi Branch, Guizhou Tobacco Company, Zunyi 563000, China
| | - Yi-Qiang Li
- Tobacco Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Qingdao 266101, China
| | - Si-Qi Ma
- Tobacco Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Qingdao 266101, China.
| | - Cheng-Sheng Zhang
- Tobacco Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Qingdao 266101, China.
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Siqueira JA, da Fonseca-Pereira P, Fernie AR, Nunes-Nesi A, Araújo WL. Recycling amino acids ensures meiosis and seed development. TRENDS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 27:1084-1086. [PMID: 35973903 DOI: 10.1016/j.tplants.2022.07.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2022] [Revised: 07/05/2022] [Accepted: 07/27/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Nitrogen (N) nutrition and meiosis demand large amounts of energy and widely affect crop yield. Recently, Yang and colleagues connected both processes by demonstrating that meiosis initiation depends on the electron-transfer flavoprotein/electron-transfer flavoprotein:ubiquinone oxidoreductase (ETF/ETFQO) system, whereas meiotic defects of the etfβ mutant can be rescued using N supplementation.
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Affiliation(s)
- João Antonio Siqueira
- Departamento de Biologia Vegetal, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, MG, 36570-900, Brazil
| | | | - Alisdair R Fernie
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, Potsdam-Golm, 14476, Germany
| | - Adriano Nunes-Nesi
- Departamento de Biologia Vegetal, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, MG, 36570-900, Brazil
| | - Wagner L Araújo
- Departamento de Biologia Vegetal, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, MG, 36570-900, Brazil.
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30
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Ahmed AAM, Dawood MFA, Elfarash A, Mohamed EA, Hussein MY, Börner A, Sallam A. Genetic and morpho-physiological analyses of the tolerance and recovery mechanisms in seedling stage spring wheat under drought stress. Front Genet 2022; 13:1010272. [PMID: 36303538 PMCID: PMC9593057 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2022.1010272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2022] [Accepted: 09/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Drought is one of the complex abiotic stresses that affect the growth and production of wheat in arid and semiarid countries. In this study, a set of 172 diverse spring wheat genotypes from 20 different countries were assessed under drought stress at the seedling stage. Besides seedling length, two types of traits were recorded, namely: tolerance traits (days to wilting, leaf wilting, and the sum of leaf wilting), and recovery traits (days to regrowth, regrowth biomass, and drought survival rate). In addition, tolerance index, recovery index, and drought tolerance index (DTI) were estimated to select the most drought tolerant genotypes. Moreover, leaf protein content (P), amino acid (AM), proline content (PRO), glucose (G), fructose (F), and total soluble carbohydrates (TSC) were measured under control and drought conditions to study the changes in each physiological trait due to drought stress. All genotypes showed a high significant genetic variation in all the physio-morphological traits scored under drought stress. High phenotypic and genotypic correlations were found among all seedling morphological traits. Among the studied indices, the drought tolerance index (DTI) had the highest phenotypic and genotypic correlations with all tolerance and recovery traits. The broad-sense heritability (H2) estimates were high for morphological traits (83.85–92.27), while the physiological traits ranged from 96.41 to 98.68 under the control conditions and from 97.13 to 99.99 under drought stress. The averages of the physiological traits (proteins, amino acids, proline, glucose, fructose, and total soluble carbohydrates) denoted under drought stress were higher than those recorded under well-watered conditions except for proteins. In this regard, amino acids, glucose, and total soluble carbohydrates had a significant correlation with all morphological traits. The selection for drought tolerance revealed 10 tolerant genotypes from different countries (8 genotypes from Egypt, one from Morocco, and one from the United States). These selected genotypes were screened for the presence of nine specific TaDREB1 alleles. Six primers were polymorphic among the selected genotypes. Genetic diversity among the selected genotypes was investigated using 21,450 SNP markers. The results of the study shed light on the different mechanisms for drought tolerance that wheat plants use to tolerate and survive under drought stress. The genetic analysis performed in this study suggested the most suitable genotypes for selective breeding at the seedling stage under water deficit.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asmaa A. M. Ahmed
- Department of Genetics, Faculty of Agriculture, Assiut University, Assiut, Egypt
| | - Mona F. A. Dawood
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Assiut University, Assiut, Egypt
| | - Ameer Elfarash
- Department of Genetics, Faculty of Agriculture, Assiut University, Assiut, Egypt
| | - Elsayed A. Mohamed
- Department of Genetics, Faculty of Agriculture, Assiut University, Assiut, Egypt
| | - Mohamed Y. Hussein
- Department of Genetics, Faculty of Agriculture, Assiut University, Assiut, Egypt
| | - Andreas Börner
- Resources Genetics and Reproduction, Department Genebank, Leibniz Institute of Plant Genetics and Crop Plant Research (IPK), Gatersleben, Germany
| | - Ahmed Sallam
- Department of Genetics, Faculty of Agriculture, Assiut University, Assiut, Egypt
- Resources Genetics and Reproduction, Department Genebank, Leibniz Institute of Plant Genetics and Crop Plant Research (IPK), Gatersleben, Germany
- *Correspondence: Ahmed Sallam, ,
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31
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Metabolic, physiological and anatomical responses of soybean plants under water deficit and high temperature condition. Sci Rep 2022; 12:16467. [PMID: 36183028 PMCID: PMC9526742 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-21035-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2022] [Accepted: 09/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Water deficit (WD) combined with high temperature (HT) is the major factor limiting agriculture worldwide, and it is predicted to become worse according to the current climate change scenario. It is thus important to understand how current cultivated crops respond to these stress conditions. Here we investigated how four soybean cultivars respond to WD and HT isolated or in combination at metabolic, physiological, and anatomical levels. The WD + HT increased the level of stress in soybean plants when compared to plants under well-watered (WW), WD, or HT conditions. WD + HT exacerbates the increases in ascorbate peroxidase activity, which was associated with the greater photosynthetic rate in two cultivars under WD + HT. The metabolic responses to WD + HT diverge substantially from plants under WW, WD, or HT conditions. Myo-inositol and maltose were identified as WD + HT biomarkers and were connected to subnetworks composed of catalase, amino acids, and both root and leaf osmotic potentials. Correlation-based network analyses highlight that the network heterogeneity increased and a higher integration among metabolic, physiological, and morphological nodes is observed under stress conditions. Beyond unveiling biochemical and metabolic WD + HT biomarkers, our results collectively highlight that the mechanisms behind the acclimation to WD + HT cannot be understood by investigating WD or HT stress separately.
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32
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Gippert AL, Madritsch S, Woryna P, Otte S, Mayrhofer M, Eigner H, Garibay-Hernández A, D'Auria JC, Molin EM, Mock HP. Unraveling metabolic patterns and molecular mechanisms underlying storability in sugar beet. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2022; 22:430. [PMID: 36076171 PMCID: PMC9461268 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-022-03784-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2022] [Accepted: 07/29/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sugar beet is an important crop for sugar production. Sugar beet roots are stored up to several weeks post-harvest waiting for processing in the sugar factories. During this time, sucrose loss and invert sugar accumulation decreases the final yield and processing quality. To improve storability, more information about post-harvest metabolism is required. We investigated primary and secondary metabolites of six sugar beet varieties during storage. Based on their variety-specific sucrose loss, three storage classes representing well, moderate, and bad storability were compared. Furthermore, metabolic data were visualized together with transcriptome data to identify potential mechanisms involved in the storage process. RESULTS We found that sugar beet varieties that performed well during storage have higher pools of 15 free amino acids which were already observable at harvest. This storage class-specific feature is visible at harvest as well as after 13 weeks of storage. The profile of most of the detected organic acids and semi-polar metabolites changed during storage. Only pyroglutamic acid and two semi-polar metabolites, including ferulic acid, show higher levels in well storable varieties before and/or after 13 weeks of storage. The combinatorial OMICs approach revealed that well storable varieties had increased downregulation of genes involved in amino acid degradation before and after 13 weeks of storage. Furthermore, we found that most of the differentially genes involved in protein degradation were downregulated in well storable varieties at both timepoints, before and after 13 weeks of storage. CONCLUSIONS Our results indicate that increased levels of 15 free amino acids, pyroglutamic acid and two semi-polar compounds, including ferulic acid, were associated with a better storability of sugar beet taproots. Predictive metabolic patterns were already apparent at harvest. With respect to elongated storage, we highlighted the role of free amino acids in the taproot. Using complementary transcriptomic data, we could identify potential underlying mechanisms of sugar beet storability. These include the downregulation of genes for amino acid degradation and metabolism as well as a suppressed proteolysis in the well storable varieties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna-Lena Gippert
- IPK Leibniz Institute of Plant Genetics and Crop Plant Research, Gatersleben, Germany
| | - Silvia Madritsch
- AIT Austrian Institute of Technology GmbH, Center for Health & Bioresources, Tulln, Austria
| | - Patrick Woryna
- AIT Austrian Institute of Technology GmbH, Center for Health & Bioresources, Tulln, Austria
| | - Sandra Otte
- Strube Research GmbH & Co. KG, Söllingen, Germany
| | | | - Herbert Eigner
- AGRANA Research & Innovation Center GmbH, Tulln, Austria
| | | | - John C D'Auria
- IPK Leibniz Institute of Plant Genetics and Crop Plant Research, Gatersleben, Germany
| | - Eva M Molin
- AIT Austrian Institute of Technology GmbH, Center for Health & Bioresources, Tulln, Austria.
| | - Hans-Peter Mock
- IPK Leibniz Institute of Plant Genetics and Crop Plant Research, Gatersleben, Germany.
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Molecular and Physiological Responses of Citrus sinensis Leaves to Long-Term Low pH Revealed by RNA-Seq Integrated with Targeted Metabolomics. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23105844. [PMID: 35628662 PMCID: PMC9142915 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23105844] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2022] [Revised: 05/18/2022] [Accepted: 05/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Low pH-induced alterations in gene expression profiles and organic acids (OA) and free amino acid (FAA) abundances were investigated in sweet orange [Citrus sinensis (L.) Osbeck cv. Xuegan] leaves. We identified 503 downregulated and 349 upregulated genes in low pH-treated leaves. Further analysis indicated that low pH impaired light reaction and carbon fixation in photosynthetic organisms, thereby lowering photosynthesis in leaves. Low pH reduced carbon and carbohydrate metabolisms, OA biosynthesis and ATP production in leaves. Low pH downregulated the biosynthesis of nitrogen compounds, proteins, and FAAs in leaves, which might be conducive to maintaining energy homeostasis during ATP deprivation. Low pH-treated leaves displayed some adaptive responses to phosphate starvation, including phosphate recycling, lipid remodeling, and phosphate transport, thus enhancing leaf acid-tolerance. Low pH upregulated the expression of some reactive oxygen species (ROS) and aldehyde detoxifying enzyme (peroxidase and superoxidase) genes and the concentrations of some antioxidants (L-tryptophan, L-proline, nicotinic acid, pantothenic acid, and pyroglutamic acid), but it impaired the pentose phosphate pathway and VE and secondary metabolite biosynthesis and downregulated the expression of some ROS and aldehyde detoxifying enzyme (ascorbate peroxidase, aldo-keto reductase, and 2-alkenal reductase) genes and the concentrations of some antioxidants (pyridoxine and γ-aminobutyric acid), thus disturbing the balance between production and detoxification of ROS and aldehydes and causing oxidative damage to leaves.
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34
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Xu Y, Fu X. Reprogramming of Plant Central Metabolism in Response to Abiotic Stresses: A Metabolomics View. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23105716. [PMID: 35628526 PMCID: PMC9143615 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23105716] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2022] [Revised: 05/15/2022] [Accepted: 05/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Abiotic stresses rewire plant central metabolism to maintain metabolic and energy homeostasis. Metabolites involved in the plant central metabolic network serve as a hub for regulating carbon and energy metabolism under various stress conditions. In this review, we introduce recent metabolomics techniques used to investigate the dynamics of metabolic responses to abiotic stresses and analyze the trend of publications in this field. We provide an updated overview of the changing patterns in central metabolic pathways related to the metabolic responses to common stresses, including flooding, drought, cold, heat, and salinity. We extensively review the common and unique metabolic changes in central metabolism in response to major abiotic stresses. Finally, we discuss the challenges and some emerging insights in the future application of metabolomics to study plant responses to abiotic stresses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Xu
- Department of Plant Biology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
- Correspondence: (Y.X.); (X.F.)
| | - Xinyu Fu
- Plant Research Laboratory, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
- Correspondence: (Y.X.); (X.F.)
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35
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Alamil JMR, Paudel KR, Chan Y, Xenaki D, Panneerselvam J, Singh SK, Gulati M, Jha NK, Kumar D, Prasher P, Gupta G, Malik R, Oliver BG, Hansbro PM, Dua K, Chellappan DK. Rediscovering the Therapeutic Potential of Agarwood in the Management of Chronic Inflammatory Diseases. MOLECULES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 27:molecules27093038. [PMID: 35566388 PMCID: PMC9104417 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27093038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2022] [Revised: 04/27/2022] [Accepted: 05/05/2022] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
The inflammatory response is a central aspect of the human immune system that acts as a defense mechanism to protect the body against infections and injuries. A dysregulated inflammatory response is a major health concern, as it can disrupt homeostasis and lead to a plethora of chronic inflammatory conditions. These chronic inflammatory diseases are one of the major causes of morbidity and mortality worldwide and the need for them to be managed in the long term has become a crucial task to alleviate symptoms and improve patients’ overall quality of life. Although various synthetic anti-inflammatory agents have been developed to date, these medications are associated with several adverse effects that have led to poor therapeutic outcomes. The hunt for novel alternatives to modulate underlying chronic inflammatory processes has unveiled nature to be a plentiful source. One such example is agarwood, which is a valuable resinous wood from the trees of Aquilaria spp. Agarwood has been widely utilized for medicinal purposes since ancient times due to its ability to relieve pain, asthmatic symptoms, and arrest vomiting. In terms of inflammation, the major constituent of agarwood, agarwood oil, has been shown to possess multiple bioactive compounds that can regulate molecular mechanisms of chronic inflammation, thereby producing a multitude of pharmacological functions for treating various inflammatory disorders. As such, agarwood oil presents great potential to be developed as a novel anti-inflammatory therapeutic to overcome the drawbacks of existing therapies and improve treatment outcomes. In this review, we have summarized the current literature on agarwood and its bioactive components and have highlighted the potential roles of agarwood oil in treating various chronic inflammatory diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Keshav Raj Paudel
- Centre of Inflammation, Centenary Institute and University of Technology Sydney, Faculty of Science, School of Life Sciences, Sydney, NSW 2007, Australia; (K.R.P.); (P.M.H.)
| | - Yinghan Chan
- School of Pharmacy, International Medical University (IMU), Kuala Lumpur 57000, Malaysia;
| | - Dikaia Xenaki
- Woolcock Institute of Medical Research, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia; (D.X.); (B.G.O.)
| | - Jithendra Panneerselvam
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, School of Pharmacy, International Medical University (IMU), Kuala Lumpur 57000, Malaysia;
| | - Sachin Kumar Singh
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara 144411, India; (S.K.S.); (M.G.)
- Faculty of Health, Australian Research Centre in Complementary and Integrative Medicine, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, NSW 2007, Australia
| | - Monica Gulati
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara 144411, India; (S.K.S.); (M.G.)
- Faculty of Health, Australian Research Centre in Complementary and Integrative Medicine, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, NSW 2007, Australia
| | - Niraj Kumar Jha
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Engineering & Technology (SET), Sharda University, Greater Noida 201310, India;
| | - Deepak Kumar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shoolini University, Solan 173229, India;
| | - Parteek Prasher
- Department of Chemistry, University of Petroleum & Energy Studies, Dehradun 248007, India;
| | - Gaurav Gupta
- School of Pharmacy, Suresh Gyan Vihar University, Jagatpura, Jaipur 302017, India;
- Department of Pharmacology, Saveetha Dental College, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Saveetha University, Chennai 602105, India
- Uttaranchal Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Uttaranchal University, Dehradun 248007, India
| | | | - Brian George Oliver
- Woolcock Institute of Medical Research, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia; (D.X.); (B.G.O.)
- School of Life Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, NSW 2007, Australia
| | - Philip Michael Hansbro
- Centre of Inflammation, Centenary Institute and University of Technology Sydney, Faculty of Science, School of Life Sciences, Sydney, NSW 2007, Australia; (K.R.P.); (P.M.H.)
| | - Kamal Dua
- Woolcock Institute of Medical Research, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia; (D.X.); (B.G.O.)
- Faculty of Health, Australian Research Centre in Complementary and Integrative Medicine, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, NSW 2007, Australia
- Discipline of Pharmacy, Graduate School of Health, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, NSW 2007, Australia
- Correspondence: (K.D.); (D.K.C.); Tel.: +61-29-514-7387 (K.D.); +60-12-636-1308 (D.K.C.)
| | - Dinesh Kumar Chellappan
- Department of Life Sciences, School of Pharmacy, International Medical University (IMU), Kuala Lumpur 57000, Malaysia
- Correspondence: (K.D.); (D.K.C.); Tel.: +61-29-514-7387 (K.D.); +60-12-636-1308 (D.K.C.)
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36
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Mahmood K, Torres-Jerez I, Krom N, Liu W, Udvardi MK. Transcriptional Programs and Regulators Underlying Age-Dependent and Dark-Induced Senescence in Medicago truncatula. Cells 2022; 11:cells11091570. [PMID: 35563875 PMCID: PMC9103780 DOI: 10.3390/cells11091570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2022] [Revised: 04/19/2022] [Accepted: 04/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/10/2022] Open
Abstract
In forage crops, age-dependent and stress-induced senescence reduces forage yield and quality. Therefore, delaying leaf senescence may be a way to improve forage yield and quality as well as plant resilience to stresses. Here, we used RNA-sequencing to determine the molecular bases of age-dependent and dark-induced leaf senescence in Medicago truncatula. We identified 6845 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in M3 leaves associated with age-dependent leaf senescence. An even larger number (14219) of DEGs were associated with dark-induced senescence. Upregulated genes identified during age-dependent and dark-induced senescence were over-represented in oxidation–reduction processes and amino acid, carboxylic acid and chlorophyll catabolic processes. Dark-specific upregulated genes also over-represented autophagy, senescence and cell death. Mitochondrial functions were strongly inhibited by dark-treatment while these remained active during age-dependent senescence. Additionally, 391 DE transcription factors (TFs) belonging to various TF families were identified, including a core set of 74 TFs during age-dependent senescence while 759 DE TFs including a core set of 338 TFs were identified during dark-induced senescence. The heterologous expression of several senescence-induced TFs belonging to NAC, WKRY, bZIP, MYB and HD-zip TF families promoted senescence in tobacco leaves. This study revealed the dynamics of transcriptomic responses to age- and dark-induced senescence in M. truncatula and identified senescence-associated TFs that are attractive targets for future work to control senescence in forage legumes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kashif Mahmood
- Institute for Agricultural Biosciences, Oklahoma State University, Ardmore, OK 73401, USA; (K.M.); (I.T.-J.); (N.K.); (W.L.)
- Noble Research Institute, L.L.C., Ardmore, OK 73401, USA
| | - Ivone Torres-Jerez
- Institute for Agricultural Biosciences, Oklahoma State University, Ardmore, OK 73401, USA; (K.M.); (I.T.-J.); (N.K.); (W.L.)
- Noble Research Institute, L.L.C., Ardmore, OK 73401, USA
| | - Nick Krom
- Institute for Agricultural Biosciences, Oklahoma State University, Ardmore, OK 73401, USA; (K.M.); (I.T.-J.); (N.K.); (W.L.)
| | - Wei Liu
- Institute for Agricultural Biosciences, Oklahoma State University, Ardmore, OK 73401, USA; (K.M.); (I.T.-J.); (N.K.); (W.L.)
- Department of Biological Sciences, BioDiscovery Institute, University of North Texas, Denton, TX 76201, USA
| | - Michael K. Udvardi
- Noble Research Institute, L.L.C., Ardmore, OK 73401, USA
- Centre for Crop Science, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia
- Correspondence:
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37
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Cai Y, Chen H, Tang X, Zhao J, Zhang H, Chen YQ, Chen W. The relationship between amino acid and lipid metabolism in oleaginous eukaryotic microorganism. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2022; 106:3405-3417. [PMID: 35503470 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-022-11931-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2021] [Revised: 04/19/2022] [Accepted: 04/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Amino acids are the building blocks of protein, promoting the balance between growth and lipid synthesis. However, the accumulation of microbial lipids involves multiple pathways, which requires the analysis of the global cellular metabolic network in which amino acid metabolism is involved. This review illustrates the dependence patterns of intracellular amino acids and lipids of oleaginous eukaryotic microorganisms in different environments and points out the contribution of amino acid metabolic precursors to the de novo synthesis of fatty acids. We emphasized the key role of amino acid metabolism in lipid remodeling and autophagy behavior and highlighted the regulatory effects of amino acids and their secondary metabolites as signal factors for microbial lipid synthesis. The application prospects of omics technology and genetic engineering technology in the field of microbial lipids are described. KEY POINTS: • Overview of microbial lipid synthesis mediated by amino acid metabolism • Insight into metabolic mechanisms founding multiple regulatory networks is provided • Description of microbial lipid homeostasis mediated by amino acid excitation signal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yibo Cai
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, People's Republic of China.,School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, People's Republic of China
| | - Haiqin Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, People's Republic of China. .,School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, People's Republic of China. .,National Engineering Research Center for Functional Food, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, People's Republic of China.
| | - Xin Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, People's Republic of China.,School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, People's Republic of China
| | - Jianxin Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, People's Republic of China.,School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, People's Republic of China
| | - Hao Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, People's Republic of China.,School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, People's Republic of China.,National Engineering Research Center for Functional Food, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, People's Republic of China.,Wuxi Translational Medicine Research Center and Jiangsu Translational Medicine Research Institute Wuxi Branch, Wuxi, 214122, People's Republic of China
| | - Yong Q Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, People's Republic of China.,School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, People's Republic of China.,National Engineering Research Center for Functional Food, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, People's Republic of China.,Department of Cancer Biology, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC 5: , 27127, USA
| | - Wei Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, People's Republic of China.,School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, People's Republic of China.,National Engineering Research Center for Functional Food, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, People's Republic of China
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38
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Fujita T, Beier MP, Tabuchi-Kobayashi M, Hayatsu Y, Nakamura H, Umetsu-Ohashi T, Sasaki K, Ishiyama K, Murozuka E, Kojima M, Sakakibara H, Sawa Y, Miyao A, Hayakawa T, Yamaya T, Kojima S. Cytosolic Glutamine Synthetase GS1;3 Is Involved in Rice Grain Ripening and Germination. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:835835. [PMID: 35211144 PMCID: PMC8861362 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.835835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2021] [Accepted: 01/17/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Ammonium is combined with glutamate to form glutamine. This reaction is catalyzed by glutamine synthetase (GS or GLN). Plants harbor several isoforms of cytosolic GS (GS1). Rice GS1;3 is highly expressed in seeds during grain filling and germination, suggesting a unique role in these processes. This study aimed to investigate the role of GS1;3 for rice growth and yield. Tos17 insertion lines for GS1;3 were isolated, and the nitrogen (N), amino acid, and ammonium contents of GS1;3 mutant grains were compared to wild-type grains. The spatiotemporal expression of GS1;3 and the growth and yield of rice plants were evaluated in hydroponic culture and the paddy field. Additionally, the stable isotope of N was used to trace the foliar N flux during grain filling. Results showed that the loss of GS1;3 retarded seed germination. Seeds of GS1;3 mutants accumulated glutamate but did not show a marked change in the level of phytohormones. The expression of GS1;3 was detected at the beginning of germination, with limited promoter activity in seeds. GS1;3 mutants showed a considerably decreased ripening ratio and decreased N efflux in the 12th leaf blade under N deficient conditions. The β-glucuronidase gene expression under control of the GS1;3 promoter was detected in the vascular tissue and aleurone cell layer of developing grains. These data suggest unique physiological roles of GS1;3 in the early stage of seed germination and grain filling under N deficient conditions in rice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takayuki Fujita
- Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Marcel Pascal Beier
- Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
- Faculty of Science/Institute for the Advancement of Higher Education, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | | | - Yoshitaka Hayatsu
- Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Haruka Nakamura
- Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | | | - Kazuhiro Sasaki
- Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Keiki Ishiyama
- Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Emiko Murozuka
- Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Mikiko Kojima
- Center for Sustainable Resource Science, RIKEN, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Hitoshi Sakakibara
- Center for Sustainable Resource Science, RIKEN, Yokohama, Japan
- Graduate School of Bioagricultural Sciences, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Yuki Sawa
- Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Akio Miyao
- Institute of Crop Science, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Toshihiko Hayakawa
- Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Tomoyuki Yamaya
- Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
- Division for Interdisciplinary Advanced Research and Education, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Soichi Kojima
- Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
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Brito DS, Quinhones CGS, Neri-Silva R, Heinemann B, Schertl P, Cavalcanti JHF, Eubel H, Hildebrandt T, Nunes-Nesi A, Braun HP, Araújo WL. The role of the electron-transfer flavoprotein: ubiquinone oxidoreductase following carbohydrate starvation in Arabidopsis cell cultures. PLANT CELL REPORTS 2022; 41:431-446. [PMID: 35031834 DOI: 10.1007/s00299-021-02822-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2021] [Accepted: 11/30/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
KEY MESSAGE The functional absence of the electron-transfer flavoprotein: ubiquinone oxidoreductase (ETFQO) directly impacts electrons donation to the mitochondrial electron transport chain under carbohydrate-limiting conditions without major impacts on the respiration of cell cultures. Alternative substrates (e.g., amino acids) can directly feed electrons into the mitochondrial electron transport chain (mETC) via the electron transfer flavoprotein/electron-transfer flavoprotein: ubiquinone oxidoreductase (ETF/ETFQO) complex, which supports plant respiration during stress situations. By using a cell culture system, here we investigated the responses of Arabidopsis thaliana mutants deficient in the expression of ETFQO (etfqo-1) following carbon limitation and supplied with amino acids. Our results demonstrate that isovaleryl-CoA dehydrogenase (IVDH) activity was induced during carbon limitation only in wild-type and that these changes occurred concomit with enhanced protein content. By contrast, neither the activity nor the total amount of IVDH was altered in etfqo-1 mutants. We also demonstrate that the activities of mitochondrial complexes in etfqo-1 mutants, display a similar pattern as in wild-type cells. Our findings suggest that the defect of ETFQO protein culminates with an impaired functioning of the IVDH, since no induction of IVDH activity was observed. However, the functional absence of the ETFQO seems not to cause major impacts on plant respiration under carbon limiting conditions, most likely due to other alternative electron entry pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danielle S Brito
- Departamento de Biologia Vegetal, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, Minas Gerais, 36570-900, Brazil
- Institut Für Pflanzengenetik, Leibniz Universität Hannover, Herrenhäuser Str. 2, 30419, Hannover, Germany
| | - Carla G S Quinhones
- Departamento de Biologia Vegetal, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, Minas Gerais, 36570-900, Brazil
- Institut Für Pflanzengenetik, Leibniz Universität Hannover, Herrenhäuser Str. 2, 30419, Hannover, Germany
| | - Roberto Neri-Silva
- Departamento de Biologia Vegetal, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, Minas Gerais, 36570-900, Brazil
| | - Björn Heinemann
- Institut Für Pflanzengenetik, Leibniz Universität Hannover, Herrenhäuser Str. 2, 30419, Hannover, Germany
| | - Peter Schertl
- Institut Für Pflanzengenetik, Leibniz Universität Hannover, Herrenhäuser Str. 2, 30419, Hannover, Germany
| | - João Henrique F Cavalcanti
- Instituto de Educação, Agricultura e Ambiente, Universidade Federal do Amazonas, Humaiatá, Amazonas, 69800-000, Brazil
| | - Holger Eubel
- Institut Für Pflanzengenetik, Leibniz Universität Hannover, Herrenhäuser Str. 2, 30419, Hannover, Germany
| | - Tatjana Hildebrandt
- Institut Für Pflanzengenetik, Leibniz Universität Hannover, Herrenhäuser Str. 2, 30419, Hannover, Germany
| | - Adriano Nunes-Nesi
- Departamento de Biologia Vegetal, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, Minas Gerais, 36570-900, Brazil
| | - Hans-Peter Braun
- Institut Für Pflanzengenetik, Leibniz Universität Hannover, Herrenhäuser Str. 2, 30419, Hannover, Germany
| | - Wagner L Araújo
- Departamento de Biologia Vegetal, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, Minas Gerais, 36570-900, Brazil.
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40
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Goto M, Oikawa A, Masuda S. Metabolic changes contributing to large biomass production in the Arabidopsis ppGpp-accumulating mutant under nitrogen deficiency. PLANTA 2022; 255:48. [PMID: 35079894 DOI: 10.1007/s00425-022-03835-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2021] [Accepted: 01/18/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The Arabidopsis ppGpp-overproducing mutant indicates a larger biomass than wild type by modulated amino-acid metabolism under nitrogen-limiting conditions. The regulatory nucleotide, guanosine 3', 5'-bis(pyrophosphate; ppGpp)-originally identified in Escherichia coli-controls gene expression and enzyme activities in the bacteria and plastids of plant cells. We recently reported that the ppGpp over-producing mutant of Arabidopsis thaliana had a larger shoot weight than wild type (WT), especially under nutrient-deficient conditions. However, the mechanisms behind the influence of ppGpp on plant growth and biomass remain elusive. To understand the impact of the ppGpp accumulation on plant growth, we characterized metabolic changes in the ppGpp-overproducing mutant upon transition from nitrogen-rich to nitrogen-limiting concentrations. We found that the fresh weight of the mutant was significantly larger than WT when the total nitrogen source (KNO3 and NH4NO3) concentration was below 0.9 mM. When the nitrogen content in the medium decreased, aromatic and branched-chain amino acids increased in WT due to accelerated protein degradation and/or attenuated protein synthesis. These amino-acid levels in the ppGpp over-accumulating mutant decreased upon nitrogen deficiency. The results suggest that the ppGpp-overaccumulation affects amino-acid and protein homeostasis and facilitates growth under nitrogen-limiting conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mina Goto
- Department of Life Science & Technology, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Yokohama, 226-8501, Japan
| | - Akira Oikawa
- Faculty of Agriculture, Yamagata University, Tsuruoka, 997-8555, Japan
- Present Address: Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Uji, 611-0011, Japan
| | - Shinji Masuda
- Department of Life Science & Technology, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Yokohama, 226-8501, Japan.
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41
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Yang Y, Xiang Y, Niu Y. An Overview of the Molecular Mechanisms and Functions of Autophagic Pathways in Plants. PLANT SIGNALING & BEHAVIOR 2021; 16:1977527. [PMID: 34617497 PMCID: PMC9208794 DOI: 10.1080/15592324.2021.1977527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2021] [Revised: 08/29/2021] [Accepted: 08/31/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Autophagy is an evolutionarily conserved pathway for the degradation of damaged or toxic components. Under normal conditions, autophagy maintains cellular homeostasis. It can be triggered by senescence and various stresses. In the process of autophagy, autophagy-related (ATG) proteins not only function as central signal regulators but also participate in the development of complex survival mechanisms when plants suffer from adverse environments. Therefore, ATGs play significant roles in metabolism, development and stress tolerance. In the past decade, both the molecular mechanisms of autophagy and a large number of components involved in the assembly of autophagic vesicles have been identified. In recent studies, an increasing number of components, mechanisms, and receptors have appeared in the autophagy pathway. In this paper, we mainly review the recent progress of research on the molecular mechanisms of plant autophagy, as well as its function under biotic stress and abiotic stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Yang
- Moe Key Laboratory of Cell Activities and Stress Adaptations, School of Life Sciences,Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Yun Xiang
- Moe Key Laboratory of Cell Activities and Stress Adaptations, School of Life Sciences,Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Yue Niu
- Moe Key Laboratory of Cell Activities and Stress Adaptations, School of Life Sciences,Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
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42
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Del-Saz NF, Douthe C, Carriquí M, Ortíz J, Sanhueza C, Rivas-Medina A, McDonald A, Fernie AR, Ribas-Carbo M, Gago J, Florez-Sarasa I, Flexas J. Different Metabolic Roles for Alternative Oxidase in Leaves of Palustrine and Terrestrial Species. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2021; 12:752795. [PMID: 34804092 PMCID: PMC8600120 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.752795] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2021] [Accepted: 10/15/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The alternative oxidase pathway (AOP) is associated with excess energy dissipation in leaves of terrestrial plants. To address whether this association is less important in palustrine plants, we compared the role of AOP in balancing energy and carbon metabolism in palustrine and terrestrial environments by identifying metabolic relationships between primary carbon metabolites and AOP in each habitat. We measured oxygen isotope discrimination during respiration, gas exchange, and metabolite profiles in aerial leaves of ten fern and angiosperm species belonging to five families organized as pairs of palustrine and terrestrial species. We performed a partial least square model combined with variable importance for projection to reveal relationships between the electron partitioning to the AOP (τa) and metabolite levels. Terrestrial plants showed higher values of net photosynthesis (AN) and τa, together with stronger metabolic relationships between τa and sugars, important for water conservation. Palustrine plants showed relationships between τa and metabolites related to the shikimate pathway and the GABA shunt, to be important for heterophylly. Excess energy dissipation via AOX is less crucial in palustrine environments than on land. The basis of this difference resides in the contrasting photosynthetic performance observed in each environment, thus reinforcing the importance of AOP for photosynthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nestor Fernandez Del-Saz
- Laboratorio de Fisiología Vegetal, Departamento de Botánica, Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Oceanográficas, Universidad de Concepción, Concepción, Chile
| | - Cyril Douthe
- Research Group on Plant Biology Under Mediterranean Conditions, Departament de Biologia, Institute of Agro-Environmental Research and Water Economy, Universitat de les Illes Balears, Illes Balears, Spain
| | - Marc Carriquí
- Research Group on Plant Biology Under Mediterranean Conditions, Departament de Biologia, Institute of Agro-Environmental Research and Water Economy, Universitat de les Illes Balears, Illes Balears, Spain
| | - Jose Ortíz
- Laboratorio de Fisiología Vegetal, Departamento de Botánica, Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Oceanográficas, Universidad de Concepción, Concepción, Chile
| | - Carolina Sanhueza
- Laboratorio de Fisiología Vegetal, Departamento de Botánica, Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Oceanográficas, Universidad de Concepción, Concepción, Chile
| | - Alicia Rivas-Medina
- Departamento de Ingeniería Topográfica y Cartografía, Escuela Técnica Superior de Ingenieros en Topografía, Geodesia y Cartografía, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Allison McDonald
- Department of Biology, Wilfrid Laurier University, Waterloo, ON, Canada
| | - Alisdair R. Fernie
- Max-Planck-Institut für Molekulare Pflanzenphysiologie, Potsdam, Germany
| | - Miquel Ribas-Carbo
- Research Group on Plant Biology Under Mediterranean Conditions, Departament de Biologia, Institute of Agro-Environmental Research and Water Economy, Universitat de les Illes Balears, Illes Balears, Spain
| | - Jorge Gago
- Research Group on Plant Biology Under Mediterranean Conditions, Departament de Biologia, Institute of Agro-Environmental Research and Water Economy, Universitat de les Illes Balears, Illes Balears, Spain
| | - Igor Florez-Sarasa
- Centre for Research in Agricultural Genomics (CRAG), CSIC-IRTA-UAB-UB, Barcelona, Spain
- Institut de Recerca i Tecnología Agroalimentàries (IRTA), Edifici CRAG, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Jaume Flexas
- Research Group on Plant Biology Under Mediterranean Conditions, Departament de Biologia, Institute of Agro-Environmental Research and Water Economy, Universitat de les Illes Balears, Illes Balears, Spain
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43
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Pompelli MF, Ferreira PPB, Chaves ARM, Figueiredo RCBQ, Martins AO, Jarma-Orozco A, Bhatt A, Batista-Silva W, Endres L, Araújo WL. Physiological, metabolic, and stomatal adjustments in response to salt stress in Jatropha curcas. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2021; 168:116-127. [PMID: 34628173 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2021.09.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2021] [Revised: 09/17/2021] [Accepted: 09/29/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Salinity is a major issue affecting photosynthesis and crop production worldwide. High salinity induces both osmotic and ionic stress in plant tissues as a result of complex interactions among morphological, physiological, and biochemical processes. Salinity, in turn, can provoke inactivation of some enzymes in the Calvin-Benson cycle and therefore affect the fine adjustment of electron transport in photosystem I and carbon related reactions. Here, we used three contrasting Jatropha curcas genotypes namely CNPAE183 (considered tolerant to salinity), CNPAE218 (sensible), and JCAL171 (intermediate) to understand salinity responses. By performing a long-term (12 months) experiment in land conditions, we investigated distinct mechanisms used by J. curcas to cope with threatening salinity effects by analyzing gas exchange, mineral nutrition and metabolic responses. First, our results highlighted the plasticity of stomatal development and density in J. curcas under salt stress. It also demonstrated that the CNPAE183 presented higher salt-tolerance whereas CNPAE218 displayed a more sensitive salt-tolerance response. Our results also revealed that both tolerance and sensitivity to salinity were connected with an extensive metabolite reprogramming in the Calvin-Benson cycle and Tricarboxylic Acid cycle intermediates with significant changes in amino acids and organic acids. Collectively, these results indicate that the CNPAE183 and CNPAE218 genotypes demonstrated certain characteristics of salt-tolerant-like and salt-sensitive-like genotypes, respectively. Overall, our results highlight the significance of metabolites associated with salt responses and further provide a useful selection criterion in during screening for salt tolerance in J. curcas in breeding programmes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcelo F Pompelli
- Grupo Regional de Investigación Participativa de los Pequeños Productores de la Costa Atlantica. Universidad de Córdoba, Carrera 6 No. 77- 305 Montería, Córdoba, Colombia.
| | - Pedro P B Ferreira
- Pós-Graduação em Botânica, Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco, Recife, PE, Brazil
| | | | - Regina C B Q Figueiredo
- Centro de Pesquisas Aggeu Magalhães/FIOCRUZ, Departamento de Microbiologia, Recife, PE, Brazil
| | - Auxiliadora O Martins
- Departamento de Biologia Vegetal, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, MG, Brazil
| | - Alfredo Jarma-Orozco
- Grupo Regional de Investigación Participativa de los Pequeños Productores de la Costa Atlantica. Universidad de Córdoba, Carrera 6 No. 77- 305 Montería, Córdoba, Colombia
| | - Arvind Bhatt
- Lushan Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Science, Jiujiang, China
| | - Willian Batista-Silva
- Departamento de Biologia Vegetal, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, MG, Brazil
| | - Laurício Endres
- Laboratório de Fisiologia Vegetal, Centro de Agronomia, Universidade Federal de Alagoas, Maceió, AL, Brazil
| | - Wagner L Araújo
- Departamento de Biologia Vegetal, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, MG, Brazil.
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44
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Metabolomics and Molecular Approaches Reveal Drought Stress Tolerance in Plants. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22179108. [PMID: 34502020 PMCID: PMC8431676 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22179108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2021] [Revised: 08/17/2021] [Accepted: 08/20/2021] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Metabolic regulation is the key mechanism implicated in plants maintaining cell osmotic potential under drought stress. Understanding drought stress tolerance in plants will have a significant impact on food security in the face of increasingly harsh climatic conditions. Plant primary and secondary metabolites and metabolic genes are key factors in drought tolerance through their involvement in diverse metabolic pathways. Physio-biochemical and molecular strategies involved in plant tolerance mechanisms could be exploited to increase plant survival under drought stress. This review summarizes the most updated findings on primary and secondary metabolites involved in drought stress. We also examine the application of useful metabolic genes and their molecular responses to drought tolerance in plants and discuss possible strategies to help plants to counteract unfavorable drought periods.
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45
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Zheng L, Karim MR, Hu YG, Shen R, Lan P. Greater morphological and primary metabolic adaptations in roots contribute to phosphate-deficiency tolerance in the bread wheat cultivar Kenong199. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2021; 21:381. [PMID: 34412589 PMCID: PMC8375062 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-021-03164-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2021] [Accepted: 08/04/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Phosphate (Pi) deficiency severely affects crop growth and productivity, including wheat, therefore it is necessary to develop cultivars with enhanced Pi-deficiency tolerance. However, the underlying mechanism of Pi-deficiency tolerance in wheat is still elusive. Two contrasting wheat cultivars, low-Pi tolerant Kenong199 (KN199) and low-Pi sensitive Chinese Spring (CS) were used to reveal adaptations in response to Pi deficiency at the morphological, physiological, metabolic, and molecular levels. RESULTS KN199 was more tolerant to Pi deficiency than CS with significantly increased root biomass and R/S ratio. Root traits, the total root length, total root surface area, and total root volume, were remarkably enhanced by Pi deficiency in KN199. The shoot total P and soluble Pi concentrations of KN199 were significantly higher than those of CS, but not in roots. In KN199, high Pi level in shoots is a higher priority than that in roots under Pi deficiency. It was probably due to differentially regulation in the miR399-mediated signaling network between the shoots of the two cultivars. The Pi deficiency-induced root architecture adaptation in KN199 was attributed to the regulation of the hormone-mediated signaling (ethylene, gibberellin, and jasmonates). The expression of genes associated with root development and Pi uptake was enhanced in KN199. Some primary metabolites (amino acids and organic acids) were significantly accumulated in roots of KN199 under Pi deficiency. CONCLUSIONS The low-Pi tolerant wheat cultivar KN199 possessed greater morphological and primary metabolic adaptations in roots than CS under Pi deficiency. The adaption and the underlying molecular mechanisms in wheat provide a better understanding of the Pi-deficiency tolerance and the strategies for improving Pi efficiency in wheat.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Soil and Sustainable Agriculture, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing, 210008, China
| | - Mohammad Rezaul Karim
- State Key Laboratory of Soil and Sustainable Agriculture, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing, 210008, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Yin-Gang Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, China
| | - Renfang Shen
- State Key Laboratory of Soil and Sustainable Agriculture, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing, 210008, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Ping Lan
- State Key Laboratory of Soil and Sustainable Agriculture, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing, 210008, China.
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China.
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Melandri G, AbdElgawad H, Floková K, Jamar DC, Asard H, Beemster GTS, Ruyter-Spira C, Bouwmeester HJ. Drought tolerance in selected aerobic and upland rice varieties is driven by different metabolic and antioxidative responses. PLANTA 2021; 254:13. [PMID: 34173050 PMCID: PMC8233253 DOI: 10.1007/s00425-021-03659-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2021] [Accepted: 06/08/2021] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
Sugar-mediated osmotic acclimation and a strong antioxidative response reduce drought-induced biomass loss at the vegetative stage in rice. A clear understanding of the physiological and biochemical adaptations to water limitation in upland and aerobic rice can help to identify the mechanisms underlying their tolerance to low water availability. In this study, three indica rice varieties-IR64 (lowland), Apo (aerobic), and UPL Ri-7 (upland)-, that are characterized by contrasting levels of drought tolerance, were exposed to drought at the vegetative stage. Drought-induced changes in biomass, leaf metabolites and oxidative stress markers/enzyme activities were analyzed in each variety at multiple time points. The two drought-tolerant varieties, Apo and UPL Ri-7 displayed a reduced water use in contrast to the susceptible variety IR64 that displayed high water consumption and consequent strong leaf dehydration upon drought treatment. A sugar-mediated osmotic acclimation in UPL Ri-7 and a strong antioxidative response in Apo were both effective in limiting the drought-induced biomass loss in these two varieties, while biomass loss was high in IR64, also after recovery. A qualitative comparison of these results with the ones of a similar experiment conducted in the field at the reproductive stage showed that only Apo, which also in this stage showed the highest antioxidant power, was able to maintain a stable grain yield under stress. Our results show that different metabolic and antioxidant adaptations confer drought tolerance to aerobic and upland rice varieties in the vegetative stage. The effectiveness of these adaptations differs between developmental stages. Unraveling the genetic control of these mechanisms might be exploited in breeding for new rice varieties adapted to water-limited environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giovanni Melandri
- Laboratory of Plant Physiology, Wageningen University and Research, Wageningen, The Netherlands
- School of Plant Sciences, The University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | - Hamada AbdElgawad
- Laboratory for Integrated Molecular Plant Physiology Research (IMPRES), University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
- Department of Botany, Faculty of Science, Beni-Suef University, Beni Suef, Egypt
| | - Kristýna Floková
- Laboratory of Plant Physiology, Wageningen University and Research, Wageningen, The Netherlands
- Plant Hormone Biology Group, Swammerdam Institute for Life Sciences, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
- Laboratory of Growth Regulators, Centre of the Region Haná for Biotechnological and Agricultural Research, Institute of Experimental Botany AS CR and Palacký University, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Diaan C Jamar
- Laboratory of Plant Physiology, Wageningen University and Research, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Han Asard
- Laboratory for Integrated Molecular Plant Physiology Research (IMPRES), University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Gerrit T S Beemster
- Laboratory for Integrated Molecular Plant Physiology Research (IMPRES), University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Carolien Ruyter-Spira
- Laboratory of Plant Physiology, Wageningen University and Research, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Harro J Bouwmeester
- Laboratory of Plant Physiology, Wageningen University and Research, Wageningen, The Netherlands.
- Plant Hormone Biology Group, Swammerdam Institute for Life Sciences, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.
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Metabolite Profiling in Arabidopsisthaliana with Moderately Impaired Photorespiration Reveals Novel Metabolic Links and Compensatory Mechanisms of Photorespiration. Metabolites 2021; 11:metabo11060391. [PMID: 34203750 PMCID: PMC8232240 DOI: 10.3390/metabo11060391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2021] [Revised: 06/09/2021] [Accepted: 06/11/2021] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Photorespiration is an integral component of plant primary metabolism. Accordingly, it has been often observed that impairing the photorespiratory flux negatively impacts other cellular processes. In this study, the metabolic acclimation of the Arabidopsisthaliana wild type was compared with the hydroxypyruvate reductase 1 (HPR1; hpr1) mutant, displaying only a moderately reduced photorespiratory flux. Plants were analyzed during development and under varying photoperiods with a combination of non-targeted and targeted metabolome analysis, as well as 13C- and 14C-labeling approaches. The results showed that HPR1 deficiency is more critical for photorespiration during the vegetative compared to the regenerative growth phase. A shorter photoperiod seems to slowdown the photorespiratory metabolite conversion mostly at the glycerate kinase and glycine decarboxylase steps compared to long days. It is demonstrated that even a moderate impairment of photorespiration severely reduces the leaf-carbohydrate status and impacts on sulfur metabolism. Isotope labeling approaches revealed an increased CO2 release from hpr1 leaves, most likely occurring from enhanced non-enzymatic 3-hydroxypyruvate decarboxylation and a higher flux from serine towards ethanolamine through serine decarboxylase. Collectively, the study provides evidence that the moderate hpr1 mutant is an excellent tool to unravel the underlying mechanisms governing the regulation of metabolic linkages of photorespiration with plant primary metabolism.
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Dell’Aversana E, Cirillo V, Van Oosten MJ, Di Stasio E, Saiano K, Woodrow P, Ciarmiello LF, Maggio A, Carillo P. Ascophyllum nodosum Based Extracts Counteract Salinity Stress in Tomato by Remodeling Leaf Nitrogen Metabolism. PLANTS 2021; 10:plants10061044. [PMID: 34064272 PMCID: PMC8224312 DOI: 10.3390/plants10061044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2021] [Revised: 05/18/2021] [Accepted: 05/18/2021] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Biostimulants have rapidly and widely been adopted as growth enhancers and stress protectants in agriculture, however, due to the complex nature of these products, their mechanism of action is not clearly understood. By using two algal based commercial biostimulants in combination with the Solanum lycopersicum cv. MicroTom model system, we assessed how the modulation of nitrogen metabolites and potassium levels could contribute to mediate physiological mechanisms that are known to occur in response to salt/and or osmotic stress. Here we provide evidence that the reshaping of amino acid metabolism can work as a functional effector, coordinating ion homeostasis, osmotic adjustment and scavenging of reactive oxygen species under increased osmotic stress in MicroTom plant cells. The Superfifty biostimulant is responsible for a minor amino acid rich-phenotype and could represent an interesting instrument to untangle nitrogen metabolism dynamics in response to salinity and/or osmotic stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emilia Dell’Aversana
- Department of Environmental, Biological and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, Via Vivaldi 43, 81100 Caserta, Italy; (E.D.); (K.S.); (P.W.); (L.F.C.)
| | - Valerio Cirillo
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, University of Naples “Federico II”, 80055 Portici, Italy; (V.C.); (M.J.V.O.); (E.D.S.); (A.M.)
| | - Michael James Van Oosten
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, University of Naples “Federico II”, 80055 Portici, Italy; (V.C.); (M.J.V.O.); (E.D.S.); (A.M.)
| | - Emilio Di Stasio
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, University of Naples “Federico II”, 80055 Portici, Italy; (V.C.); (M.J.V.O.); (E.D.S.); (A.M.)
| | - Katya Saiano
- Department of Environmental, Biological and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, Via Vivaldi 43, 81100 Caserta, Italy; (E.D.); (K.S.); (P.W.); (L.F.C.)
| | - Pasqualina Woodrow
- Department of Environmental, Biological and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, Via Vivaldi 43, 81100 Caserta, Italy; (E.D.); (K.S.); (P.W.); (L.F.C.)
| | - Loredana Filomena Ciarmiello
- Department of Environmental, Biological and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, Via Vivaldi 43, 81100 Caserta, Italy; (E.D.); (K.S.); (P.W.); (L.F.C.)
| | - Albino Maggio
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, University of Naples “Federico II”, 80055 Portici, Italy; (V.C.); (M.J.V.O.); (E.D.S.); (A.M.)
| | - Petronia Carillo
- Department of Environmental, Biological and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, Via Vivaldi 43, 81100 Caserta, Italy; (E.D.); (K.S.); (P.W.); (L.F.C.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-0823-274562
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Peters K, Balcke G, Kleinenkuhnen N, Treutler H, Neumann S. Untargeted In Silico Compound Classification-A Novel Metabolomics Method to Assess the Chemodiversity in Bryophytes. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22063251. [PMID: 33806786 PMCID: PMC8005083 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22063251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2020] [Revised: 03/16/2021] [Accepted: 03/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
In plant ecology, biochemical analyses of bryophytes and vascular plants are often conducted on dried herbarium specimen as species typically grow in distant and inaccessible locations. Here, we present an automated in silico compound classification framework to annotate metabolites using an untargeted data independent acquisition (DIA)–LC/MS–QToF-sequential windowed acquisition of all theoretical fragment ion mass spectra (SWATH) ecometabolomics analytical method. We perform a comparative investigation of the chemical diversity at the global level and the composition of metabolite families in ten different species of bryophytes using fresh samples collected on-site and dried specimen stored in a herbarium for half a year. Shannon and Pielou’s diversity indices, hierarchical clustering analysis (HCA), sparse partial least squares discriminant analysis (sPLS-DA), distance-based redundancy analysis (dbRDA), ANOVA with post-hoc Tukey honestly significant difference (HSD) test, and the Fisher’s exact test were used to determine differences in the richness and composition of metabolite families, with regard to herbarium conditions, ecological characteristics, and species. We functionally annotated metabolite families to biochemical processes related to the structural integrity of membranes and cell walls (proto-lignin, glycerophospholipids, carbohydrates), chemical defense (polyphenols, steroids), reactive oxygen species (ROS) protection (alkaloids, amino acids, flavonoids), nutrition (nitrogen- and phosphate-containing glycerophospholipids), and photosynthesis. Changes in the composition of metabolite families also explained variance related to ecological functioning like physiological adaptations of bryophytes to dry environments (proteins, peptides, flavonoids, terpenes), light availability (flavonoids, terpenes, carbohydrates), temperature (flavonoids), and biotic interactions (steroids, terpenes). The results from this study allow to construct chemical traits that can be attributed to biogeochemistry, habitat conditions, environmental changes and biotic interactions. Our classification framework accelerates the complex annotation process in metabolomics and can be used to simplify biochemical patterns. We show that compound classification is a powerful tool that allows to explore relationships in both molecular biology by “zooming in” and in ecology by “zooming out”. The insights revealed by our framework allow to construct new research hypotheses and to enable detailed follow-up studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristian Peters
- Bioinformatics & Scientific Data, Leibniz Institute of Plant Biochemistry, Weinberg 3, 06120 Halle (Saale), Germany; (H.T.); (S.N.)
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Deutscher Platz 5e, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
- Institute of Biology/Geobotany and Botanical Garden, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, 06108 Halle (Saale), Germany
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +49-345-5582-1475
| | - Gerd Balcke
- Cell and Metabolic Biology, Leibniz Institute of Plant Biochemistry, Weinberg 3, 06120 Halle (Saale), Germany;
| | - Niklas Kleinenkuhnen
- Max Planck Research Group Chromatin and Ageing, Max Planck Institute for Biology of Ageing, Joseph-Stelzmann-Str. 9b, 50931 Cologne, Germany;
- MS-Platform, Cluster of Excellence on Plant Sciences, Botanical Institute (CEPLAS), University of Cologne, 50931 Cologne, Germany
| | - Hendrik Treutler
- Bioinformatics & Scientific Data, Leibniz Institute of Plant Biochemistry, Weinberg 3, 06120 Halle (Saale), Germany; (H.T.); (S.N.)
- Datameer GmbH, Magdeburger Straße 23, 06112 Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Steffen Neumann
- Bioinformatics & Scientific Data, Leibniz Institute of Plant Biochemistry, Weinberg 3, 06120 Halle (Saale), Germany; (H.T.); (S.N.)
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Deutscher Platz 5e, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
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50
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Castañeda V, González EM. Strategies to Apply Water-Deficit Stress: Similarities and Disparities at the Whole Plant Metabolism Level in Medicago truncatula. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22062813. [PMID: 33802151 PMCID: PMC8002188 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22062813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2021] [Revised: 03/06/2021] [Accepted: 03/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Water-deficit stresses such as drought and salinity are the most important factors limiting crop productivity. Hence, understanding the plant responses to these stresses is key for the improvement of their tolerance and yield. In this study M. truncatula plants were subjected to 250 mM NaCl as well as reduced irrigation (No-W) and 250 g/L polyethylene glycol (PEG)-6000 to induce salinity and drought stress, respectively, provoking a drop to −1.7 MPa in leaf water potential. The whole plant physiology and metabolism was explored by characterizing the stress responses at root, phloem sap and leaf organ level. PEG treatment led to some typical responses of plants to drought stress, but in addition to PEG uptake, an important impairment of nutrient uptake and a different regulation of carbon metabolism could be observed compared to No-W plants. No-W plants showed an important redistribution of antioxidants and assimilates to the root tissue, with a distinctive increase in root proline degradation and alkaline invertase activity. On the contrary, salinity provoked an increase in leaf starch and isocitrate dehydrogenase activity, suggesting key roles in the plant response to this stress. Overall, results suggest higher protection of salt-stressed shoots and non-irrigated roots through different mechanisms, including the regulation of proline and carbon metabolism, while discarding PEG as safe mimicker of drought. This raises the need to understand the effect at the whole plant level of the different strategies employed to apply water-deficit stress.
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