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Zhang S, Chen W, Wang Y, Liu L, Jiang L, Feng M. Elucidating sulfate radical-induced oxidizing mechanisms of solid-phase pharmaceuticals: Comparison with liquid-phase reactions. WASTE MANAGEMENT (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2023; 170:270-277. [PMID: 37729844 DOI: 10.1016/j.wasman.2023.09.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2023] [Revised: 09/06/2023] [Accepted: 09/08/2023] [Indexed: 09/22/2023]
Abstract
As a class of organic micropollutants of global concern, pharmaceuticals have prevalent distributions in the aqueous environment (e.g., groundwater and surface water) and solid matrices (e.g., soil, sediments, and dried sludge). Their contamination levels have been further aggravated by the annually increased production of expired drugs as emerging harmful wastes worldwide. Sulfate radicals (SO4•-)-based oxidation has attracted increasing attention for abating pharmaceuticals in the environment, whereas the transformation mechanisms of solid-phase pharmaceuticals remain unknown thus far. This investigation presented for the first time that SO4•-, individually produced by mechanical force-activated and heat-activated persulfate treatments, could effectively oxidize three model pharmaceuticals (i.e., methotrexate, sitagliptin, and salbutamol) in both solid and liquid phases. The high-resolution mass spectrometric analysis suggested their distinct transformation products formed by different phases of SO4•- oxidation. Accordingly, the SO4•--mediated mechanistic differences between the solid-phase and liquid-phase pharmaceuticals were proposed. It is noteworthy that the products from both systems were predicted with the remaining persistence, bioaccumulation, and multi-endpoint toxicity. Therefore, some post-treatment strategies need to be considered during practical applications of SO4•--based technologies in remediating different phases of micropollutants. This work has environmental implications for understanding the comparative transformation mechanisms of pharmaceuticals by SO4•- oxidation in remediating the contaminated solid and aqueous matrices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shengqi Zhang
- College of the Environment & Ecology, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China
| | - Wenzheng Chen
- College of the Environment & Ecology, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China
| | - Yatong Wang
- College of the Environment & Ecology, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China
| | - Lixue Liu
- Yantai Eco-Environment Monitoring Center of Shandong Province, Yantai 264003, China
| | - Linke Jiang
- College of the Environment & Ecology, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China
| | - Mingbao Feng
- College of the Environment & Ecology, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China.
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2
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Xue H, Li J, Zhang G, Li M, Liu B, Kang C. Hydroxyl radical dominated ibuprofen degradation by UV/percarbonate process: Response surface methodology optimization, toxicity, and cost evaluation. CHEMOSPHERE 2023; 329:138681. [PMID: 37059198 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2023.138681] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2023] [Revised: 04/08/2023] [Accepted: 04/11/2023] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Ibuprofen (IBP) is a typical nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug with a wide range of applications, large dosages, and environmental durability. Therefore, ultraviolet-activated sodium percarbonate (UV/SPC) technology was developed for IBP degradation. The results showed that IBP could be efficiently removed using UV/SPC. The IBP degradation was enhanced with prolonged UV irradiation time, with the decreasing IBP concentration and the increasing SPC dosage. The UV/SPC degradation of IBP was highly adaptable to pH ranging from 4.05 to 8.03. The degradation rate of IBP reached 100% within 30 min. The optimal experimental conditions for IBP degradation were further optimized using response surface methodology. IBP degradation rate reached 97.3% under the optimal experimental conditions: 5 μM of IBP, 40 μM of SPC, 7.60 pH, and UV irradiation for 20 min. Humic acid, fulvic acid, inorganic anions, and natural water matrix inhibited the IBP degradation to varying degrees. Scavenging experiments of reactive oxygen species indicated that hydroxyl radical played a major role in the UV/SPC degradation of IBP, while carbonate radical played a minor role. Six IBP degradation intermediates were detected, and hydroxylation and decarboxylation were proposed as the primary degradation pathways. An acute toxicity test, based on the inhibition of luminescence in Vibrio fischeri, indicated that the toxicity of IBP during UV/SPC degradation decreased by 11%. An electrical energy per order value of 3.57 kWh m-3 indicated that the UV/SPC process was cost-effective in IBP decomposition. These results provide new insights into the degradation performance and mechanisms of the UV/SPC process, which can potentially be used for practical water treatment in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Honghai Xue
- Key Laboratory of Songliao Aquatic Environment, Ministry of Education, Jilin Jianzhu University, Changchun, 130118, PR China.
| | - Jinying Li
- Key Laboratory of Songliao Aquatic Environment, Ministry of Education, Jilin Jianzhu University, Changchun, 130118, PR China.
| | - Genbao Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Songliao Aquatic Environment, Ministry of Education, Jilin Jianzhu University, Changchun, 130118, PR China.
| | - Ming Li
- Key Laboratory of Songliao Aquatic Environment, Ministry of Education, Jilin Jianzhu University, Changchun, 130118, PR China; Key Laboratory of Groundwater Resources and Environment, Ministry of Education, Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, PR China.
| | - Binshuo Liu
- Key Laboratory of Songliao Aquatic Environment, Ministry of Education, Jilin Jianzhu University, Changchun, 130118, PR China.
| | - Chunli Kang
- Key Laboratory of Groundwater Resources and Environment, Ministry of Education, Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, PR China.
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3
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Jagadeesan KK, Barden R, Kasprzyk-Hordern B. PERK: An R/Shiny application to predict and visualise concentrations of pharmaceuticals in the aqueous environment. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 875:162352. [PMID: 36822428 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.162352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2022] [Revised: 02/13/2023] [Accepted: 02/16/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Predicting the concentration of active pharmaceuticals ingredients (API) in the environment using modelling approaches is an important aspect in the assessment of their environmental risk, especially for the API with no or limited analytical detection methods. However, handling, validating, and incorporating diverse datasets, including API prescription/consumption data, metabolism, flow data, removal efficiency during wastewater treatment, and dilution factor for the modelling is often laborious and time-consuming. The aim of this manuscript is to evaluate R/Shiny based tool, PERK, to facilitate automated modelling and reporting predicted environmental concentration (PEC) of a comprehensive set of API in different environmental matrices. PERK helped to calculate PEC in wastewater influent, effluent, and river, and compare with measured environmental concentrations (MEC) for five catchments located in England. Prediction accuracy (PA), the ratio between PEC and MEC, can be also generated with the tool. PERK provides consistent interactive user-interface, enabling user to visualise the results with limited programming knowledge.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kishore Kumar Jagadeesan
- Environmental Chemistry & Public Health Research Group, Department of Chemistry, University of Bath, UK.
| | | | - Barbara Kasprzyk-Hordern
- Environmental Chemistry & Public Health Research Group, Department of Chemistry, University of Bath, UK
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4
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Hu S, Yang G, Chen Z, Li Q, Liu B, Liu M, Zhang D, Chang S, Kong R. Docking guided phase display to develop fusion protein with novel scFv and alkaline phosphatase for one-step ELISA salbutamol detection. Front Microbiol 2023; 14:1190793. [PMID: 37250048 PMCID: PMC10213401 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1190793] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2023] [Accepted: 04/13/2023] [Indexed: 05/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Salbutamol (SAL) is a β2 adrenergic receptor agonist which has potential hazardous effects for human health. It is very important to establish a sensitive and convenient method to monitor SAL. Methods Here we introduce a method to combine the information from docking and site specific phage display, with the aim to obtain scFv with high affinity to SAL. First, single chain variable fragment (scFv) antibodies against SAL were generated through phage display. By using molecular docking approach, the complex structure of SAL with antibody was predicted and indicated that H3 and L3 contribute to the binding. Then new libraries were created by randomization specific residues located on H3 and L3 according to the docking results. Results and discussion Anti-SAL scFv antibodies with high efficiency were finally identified. In addition, the selected scFv was fused with alkaline phosphatase and expressed in E coli to develop a rapid and low-cost one step ELISA to detect SAL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuai Hu
- Institute of Bioinformatics and Medical Engineering, School of Electrical and Information Engineering, School of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Jiangsu University of Technology, Changzhou, China
| | - Guangbo Yang
- Institute of Bioinformatics and Medical Engineering, School of Electrical and Information Engineering, School of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Jiangsu University of Technology, Changzhou, China
| | - Zhou Chen
- Institute of Bioinformatics and Medical Engineering, School of Electrical and Information Engineering, School of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Jiangsu University of Technology, Changzhou, China
| | - Qiuye Li
- Institute of Bioinformatics and Medical Engineering, School of Electrical and Information Engineering, School of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Jiangsu University of Technology, Changzhou, China
| | - Bin Liu
- Beijing New BioConcepts Biotech Co., Ltd., Beijing, China
| | - Ming Liu
- Beijing New BioConcepts Biotech Co., Ltd., Beijing, China
| | - Dawei Zhang
- Institute of Bioinformatics and Medical Engineering, School of Electrical and Information Engineering, School of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Jiangsu University of Technology, Changzhou, China
| | - Shan Chang
- Institute of Bioinformatics and Medical Engineering, School of Electrical and Information Engineering, School of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Jiangsu University of Technology, Changzhou, China
| | - Ren Kong
- Institute of Bioinformatics and Medical Engineering, School of Electrical and Information Engineering, School of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Jiangsu University of Technology, Changzhou, China
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5
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Hanamoto S, Yamamoto-Ikemoto R, Tanaka H. Spatiotemporal distribution of veterinary and human drugs and its predictability in Japanese catchments. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 867:161514. [PMID: 36634780 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.161514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2022] [Revised: 01/05/2023] [Accepted: 01/06/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Little is known about the predictability of mass flows of veterinary drugs in Asian catchments, where effluent from livestock farms is a major source. We therefore conducted this study to understand the applicability and limitations of a population-based emission model, which assumed usage of veterinary and human drugs to be evenly distributed over the national livestock or human population throughout the year, and sources to be effluent discharges at livestock farms, households, and sewage treatment plants in Japanese catchments. We monitored five veterinary drugs (lincomycin, sulfamonomethoxine, tiamulin, tylosin, and tilmicosin), two human and livestock drugs (sulfamethoxazole and trimethoprim), two human drugs (carbamazepine and clarithromycin), and a metabolite (sulfapyridine) of a human drug once a month over 2 years in eight Japanese rivers which have active livestock farming in their catchments. Mass flows of carbamazepine and sulfapyridine were stable, while those of veterinary drugs fluctuated widely, especially sulfamonomethoxine and tilmicosin, whose 25 %-100 % ranges averaged 1.5 and 1.2 log units, respectively, attributable mainly to their usage patterns. The model accurately predicted mean mass flows of carbamazepine in the rivers with errors of <±0.3 log unit. Although it slightly to moderately overestimated those of the other four human-related compounds, the incorporation of an empirical correction factor, determined to minimize mean absolute error (MAE) among the rivers, substantially lowered their MAEs to <0.23 log units. However, the MAEs of the five veterinary drugs were as high as 0.42 (sulfamonomethoxine) to 0.60 (tiamulin) log units even with the coefficient, likely due mainly to the spatial distribution of their usage per capita. So as not to overlook spatiotemporal elevation of risks of veterinary drugs, a stochastic method should be applied in their management. This is the first study to assess the use of spatiotemporal homogeneity in usage per capita of veterinary drugs in Asian catchments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seiya Hanamoto
- Environment Preservation Center, Kanazawa University, Kakumamachi, Kanazawa, Ishikawa 920-1192, Japan.
| | - Ryoko Yamamoto-Ikemoto
- Environment Preservation Center, Kanazawa University, Kakumamachi, Kanazawa, Ishikawa 920-1192, Japan
| | - Hiroaki Tanaka
- Research Center for Environmental Quality Management, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, 1-2 Yumihama, Otsu, Shiga 520-0811, Japan
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Abadian S, Shayesteh H, Rahbar-Kelishami A. Effective adsorption of diclofenac sodium from aqueous solution using cationic surfactant modified Cuminum cyminum agri-waste: kinetic, equilibrium, and thermodynamic studies. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOREMEDIATION 2023; 25:840-850. [PMID: 36006042 DOI: 10.1080/15226514.2022.2113367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
The occurrence of pharmaceutical pollutants in aqueous media has increased where significant research is being conducted to eliminate these toxic compounds. In the present study, Tetradecyltrimethylammonium bromide (TTAB) modified Cuminum cyminum agri-waste (CCW) was prepared to investigate the removal of diclofenac sodium (DCF) from aqueous solution in the batch process for the first time. Physical and chemical characterizations of as-prepared adsorbent were conducted using field emission scanning electron microscopy, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, N2 adsorption-desorption, and point of zero charge analysis. Besides, the effect of the main parameters that affect the adsorption process, i.e., adsorbent dosage (0.25-6 g/L), contact time (0-300 min), initial DCF concentration (10-500 mg/L), and pH of the solution, were investigated. Furthermore, the resulted data were analyzed using various kinetic and isotherm models. The Pseudo-second-order model with R2 = 0.9981 showed the highest agreement with kinetic behavior. Also, the maximum adsorption capacity of DCF is 93.65 mg/g, according to the Langmuir isotherm. In acidic media, the adsorption capacity reached the highest value (44.69 mg/g). As a result, this study revealed that the agri-waste material could be modified and, as a low-cost adsorbent, have promising adsorption potential to remove pharmaceutical contaminants from the aqueous solution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Abadian
- School of Chemical, Petroleum and Gas Engineering, Iran University of Science and Technology (IUST), Tehran, Iran
| | - Hadi Shayesteh
- School of Chemical, Petroleum and Gas Engineering, Iran University of Science and Technology (IUST), Tehran, Iran
| | - Ahmad Rahbar-Kelishami
- School of Chemical, Petroleum and Gas Engineering, Iran University of Science and Technology (IUST), Tehran, Iran
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7
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Adeleye AS, Xue J, Zhao Y, Taylor AA, Zenobio JE, Sun Y, Han Z, Salawu OA, Zhu Y. Abundance, fate, and effects of pharmaceuticals and personal care products in aquatic environments. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2022; 424:127284. [PMID: 34655870 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2021.127284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 45.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2020] [Revised: 09/06/2021] [Accepted: 09/16/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Pharmaceuticals and personal care products (PPCPs) are found in wastewater, and thus, the environment. In this study, current knowledge about the occurrence and fate of PPCPs in aquatic systems-including wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) and natural waters around the world-is critically reviewed to inform the state of the science and highlight existing knowledge gaps. Excretion by humans is the primary route of PPCPs entry into municipal wastewater systems, but significant contributions also occur through emissions from hospitals, PPCPs manufacturers, and agriculture. Abundance of PPCPs in raw wastewater is influenced by several factors, including the population density and demography served by WWTPs, presence of hospitals and drugs manufacturers in the sewershed, disease burden of the population served, local regulations, and climatic conditions. Based on the data obtained from WWTPs, analgesics, antibiotics, and stimulants (e.g., caffeine) are the most abundant PPCPs in raw wastewater. In conventional WWTPs, most removal of PPCPs occurs during secondary treatment, and overall removal exceeds 90% for treatable PPCPs. Regardless, the total PPCP mass discharged with effluent by an average WWTP into receiving waters (7.35-20,160 g/day) is still considerable, because potential adverse effects of some PPCPs (such as ibuprofen) on aquatic organisms occur within measured concentrations found in surface waters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adeyemi S Adeleye
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of California, Irvine, CA 92697-2175, USA.
| | - Jie Xue
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of California, Irvine, CA 92697-2175, USA
| | - Yixin Zhao
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of California, Irvine, CA 92697-2175, USA
| | - Alicia A Taylor
- Ecological and Biological Sciences Practice, Exponent, Inc., Oakland, CA 94612, USA
| | - Jenny E Zenobio
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of California, Irvine, CA 92697-2175, USA
| | - Yian Sun
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of California, Irvine, CA 92697-2175, USA; Water-Energy Nexus Center, University of California, Irvine, CA 92697-2175, USA
| | - Ziwei Han
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of California, Irvine, CA 92697-2175, USA
| | - Omobayo A Salawu
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of California, Irvine, CA 92697-2175, USA
| | - Yurong Zhu
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of California, Irvine, CA 92697-2580, USA
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8
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Khaki N, Fosshat S, Pourhakkak P, Thanoon RD, Jalil AT, Wu L. Sensing of Acetaminophen Drug Using Zn-Doped Boron Nitride Nanocones: a DFT Inspection. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 2022; 194:2481-2491. [PMID: 35132521 DOI: 10.1007/s12010-022-03830-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2021] [Accepted: 01/21/2022] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
During environmental testing, scientists face the problem of developing and designing a new type of sensor electrode with distinguished stability, high activity, and cost-effectiveness to detect acetaminophen (ACE). Density functional theory (DFT) calculations were used to investigate the interaction and electrical response of Zn-doped and pristine boron nitride nanocones (BNNCs) with and to ACE with the disclination angle of 240°. The adsorption energy for ACE in the Zn-doped was - 56.94 kJ.mol-1. This value for BNNCs was approximately - 26.11 kJ.mol-1. Furthermore, after the adsorption of ACE, the value of band gap (Eg) for Zn-doped BNNCs decreased significantly (from 4.01 to 3.10 eV), thereby increasing the electrical conductivity. However, Eg value of the pristine BNNCs decreased marginally after the adsorption of ACE. Compared with the pristine BNNCs, the Zn-doped BNNCs could be considered promising materials for the detection of ACE and could be employed in electronic sensors. In the Zn-doped BNNCs, the molecular and electrostatic interactions and the creation of Zn-O bond played key roles in the adsorption of ACE. The Zn-doped BNNCs had other merits such as slight recovery time which was approximately 7.09 ms for the desorption of ACE at ambient temperature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nazanin Khaki
- Biomedical Engineering Department, Amirkabir University of Technology (AUT), Tehran, Iran
| | - Saeed Fosshat
- Department of Chemistry, College of Sciences, Shiraz University, 71454, Shiraz, Iran
| | | | - Raid D Thanoon
- Department of Medical Biochemical Analysis, Cihan University-Erbil, Erbil, Kurdistan Region, Iraq
| | - Abduladheem Turki Jalil
- Faculty of Biology and Ecology, Yanka Kupala State University of Grodno, 230023, Grodno, Belarus
- College of Technical Engineering, The Islamic University, Najaf, Iraq
- Department of Dentistry, Kut University College, Kut, Wasit, 52001, Iraq
| | - Liang Wu
- College of Science, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai, China.
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9
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Treatment of Wastewater Containing Nonsteroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drugs Using Activated Carbon Material. MATERIALS 2022; 15:ma15020559. [PMID: 35057277 PMCID: PMC8779017 DOI: 10.3390/ma15020559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2021] [Revised: 12/21/2021] [Accepted: 01/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
This study presents an adsorbent material (activated carbon) used in the treatment of wastewater with the role of removing ibuprofen, acetaminophen, diclofenac and ketoprofen pollutants. The wastewater treatment efficiencies of the activated carbon were systematically investigated using adsorption kinetics. The parameters studied were: pH (4 and 6 values of pH), initial concentration of wastewater (1, 5, and 10 mg/L), contact time (10 min), adsorbent quantity (0.1, 0.5, and 1 g), and isotherm models (Langmuir and Freundlich). The highest wastewater treatment efficiency was obtained at the 6 pH value. The determination of four anti-inflammatory drugs, frequently monitored in wastewater, was performed by a simple and fast method using the HPLC-technique-type DAD (diode array detector). The method was linear when the concentration ranged between 0.5 and 20 m/L for all compounds. The equilibrium concentration was obtained after 8 min. The octanol/water coefficient influenced the removal efficiency of the four drugs by the adsorbent material (activated carbon). The dose of activated carbon (0.1 to 1 g) significantly influenced the efficiency of wastewater treatment, which increased considerably when the dose of the adsorbent material increased. Using 1 g of the adsorbent material for the treatment of wastewater containing 1 mg/L initial concentration of pollutant compounds, the efficiencies were 98% for acetaminophen, 92% for diclofenac, 88% for ketoprofen and 96% for ibuprofen.
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10
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Cao Y, Xu NY, Issakhov A, Ghaffar Ebadi A. Comparative study the impact of single and double vacancy defects in BC3 fragment on the acetaminophen detection. INORG CHEM COMMUN 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.inoche.2021.108880] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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11
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Nogueira AF, Nunes B. Effects of paracetamol on the polychaete Hediste diversicolor: occurrence of oxidative stress, cyclooxygenase inhibition and behavioural alterations. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2021; 28:26772-26783. [PMID: 33496946 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-020-12046-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2020] [Accepted: 12/09/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Pharmaceuticals are significant environmental stressors, since they are utilized around the world; they are usually released in to the aquatic system without adequate treatment and several non-target species can be harmed because of their intrinsic properties. Paracetamol is one of the most widely prescribed analgesics in human medical care. Consequently, this compound is systematically reported to occur in the wild, where it may exert toxic effects on non-target species, which are mostly uncharacterized so far. The objective of the present work was to assess the acute (control, 5, 25, 125, 625 and 3125 μg/L) and chronic (control, 5, 10, 20, 40 and 80 μg/L) effects of paracetamol on behavioural endpoints, as well as on selected oxidative stress biomarkers [superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), glutathione reductase (GRed)] and the anti-inflammatory activity biomarker cyclooxygenase (COX), in the polychaete Hediste diversicolor (Annelida: Polychaeta). Exposure to paracetamol caused effects on behavioural traits, with increased burrowing time (96 h) and hypoactivity (28 days). In addition, exposure to paracetamol resulted also in significant increases of SOD activity, but only for intermediate levels of exposure, but for both acute and chronic exposures. Both forms of GPx had their activities significantly increased, especially after chronic exposure. Acutely exposed organisms had their GRed significantly decreased, while chronically exposed worms had their GRed activity augmented only for the lowest tested concentrations. Effects were also observed in terms of COX activity, showing that paracetamol absorption occurred and caused an inhibition of COX activity in both exposure regimes. It is possible to conclude that the exposure to concentrations of paracetamol close to the ones in the environment may be deleterious to marine ecosystems, endangering marine life by changing their overall redox balance, and the biochemical control of inflammatory intermediaries. Behaviour was also modified and the burrowing capacity was adversely affected. This set of effects clearly demonstrate that paracetamol exposure, under realistic conditions, it not exempt of adverse effects on marine invertebrates, such as polychaetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Filipa Nogueira
- Centro de Estudos do Ambiente e do Mar, CESAM, Universidade de Aveiro, Campus Universitário de Santiago, 3810-193, Aveiro, Portugal
- Departamento de Biologia, Universidade de Aveiro, Campus Universitário de Santiago, 3810-193, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Bruno Nunes
- Centro de Estudos do Ambiente e do Mar, CESAM, Universidade de Aveiro, Campus Universitário de Santiago, 3810-193, Aveiro, Portugal.
- Departamento de Biologia, Universidade de Aveiro, Campus Universitário de Santiago, 3810-193, Aveiro, Portugal.
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12
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Gutiérrez-Noya VM, Gómez-Oliván LM, Ramírez-Montero MDC, Islas-Flores H, Galar-Martínez M, García-Medina S. Survival and malformations rates, oxidative status in early life stages of Cyprinus carpio due to exposure to environmentally realistic concentrations of paracetamol. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 768:144585. [PMID: 33454465 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.144585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2020] [Revised: 11/25/2020] [Accepted: 12/12/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Paracetamol (PCM) is among the most consumed analgesic and antipyretic drugs worldwide. Due to its high consumption, this drug has been reported ubiquitously on different water bodies, posing a real threat to aquatic organisms. Until now, several studies have pointed out that PCM may induce oxidative stress, histological damage and developmental disorders on different aquatic species. Nonetheless, there is still a huge knowledge gap about the toxic effects that PCM may induce in species of commercial interest such as the common carp Cyprinus carpio. The aim of this study was to evaluate survival and malformation rates induced by PCM (0.5 μg/L - 3.5 μg/L) in early life stages of common carp. Furthermore, oxidative stress biomarkers were evaluated at 72 and 96 h post fecundation. PCM reduced the survival rate of the embryos of up to 90%, as concentration increased. LC50 and EC50m were 1.29 μg/L and 2.84 μg/L, respectively. Biomarkers of cellular oxidation and antioxidant enzymes were modified in a concentration-dependent way with respect to the control group (p < 0.05). The main developmental alterations observed were lordosis, scoliosis, craniofacial malformations, hypopigmentation, growth retardation, pericardial edema and rachyschisis. These data indicate that environmentally realistic concentrations of PCM could be hazardous and affects the development in early stages of C. carpio. Moreover, our findings also indicate that C. carpio embryos may be a useful in vivo model to evaluate embryonic and teratogenic effects of drugs such as PCM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Verónica Margarita Gutiérrez-Noya
- Laboratorio de Toxicología Ambiental, Facultad de Química, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de México, Paseo Colón intersección Paseo Tollocan, Colonia Residencial Colón, CP 50120 Toluca, Estado de México, Mexico
| | - Leobardo Manuel Gómez-Oliván
- Laboratorio de Toxicología Ambiental, Facultad de Química, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de México, Paseo Colón intersección Paseo Tollocan, Colonia Residencial Colón, CP 50120 Toluca, Estado de México, Mexico.
| | - María Del Carmen Ramírez-Montero
- Laboratorio de Toxicología Ambiental, Facultad de Química, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de México, Paseo Colón intersección Paseo Tollocan, Colonia Residencial Colón, CP 50120 Toluca, Estado de México, Mexico
| | - Hariz Islas-Flores
- Laboratorio de Toxicología Ambiental, Facultad de Química, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de México, Paseo Colón intersección Paseo Tollocan, Colonia Residencial Colón, CP 50120 Toluca, Estado de México, Mexico
| | - Marcela Galar-Martínez
- Laboratorio de Toxicología Acuática, Departamento de Farmacia, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Unidad Profesional Adolfo López Mateos, Av. Wilfrido Massieu s/n y cerrada Manuel Stampa, Col. Industrial Vallejo, Ciudad de México CP, 07700, Mexico
| | - Sandra García-Medina
- Laboratorio de Toxicología Acuática, Departamento de Farmacia, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Unidad Profesional Adolfo López Mateos, Av. Wilfrido Massieu s/n y cerrada Manuel Stampa, Col. Industrial Vallejo, Ciudad de México CP, 07700, Mexico
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13
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Shi W, Chu Y, Xia M, Wang F, Fu C. The adsorption performance and micro-mechanism of MoS 2/montmorillonite composite to atenolol and acebutolol: Adsorption experiments and a novel visual study of interaction. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2021; 213:111993. [PMID: 33578102 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2021.111993] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2020] [Revised: 01/26/2021] [Accepted: 01/26/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
MoS2/montmorillonite (MoS2/Mt) composite was successfully synthesized through a simple hydrothermal method, and its adsorption performance for two emerging contaminants-atenolol (ATE) and acebutolol (ACE) was researched. The batch experiments revealed that the adsorption process can be described by the Pseudo-second order model and Langmuir model, and the adsorption capacity of MoS2/Mt, MoS2 and Mt for ATE were 132.08 mg/g, 60.68 mg/g and 74.23 mg/g, for ACE were 113.82 mg/g, 33.01 mg/g and 36.05 mg/g, respectively. Besides, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), BET specific surface area measurement and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) were also employed to analyze the adsorption mechanism. Moreover, quantitative molecular surface analysis and weak intermolecular interaction analysis with independent gradient model were combined to probe the microscopic interaction between the adsorbent and adsorbate. The results indicated the interactions included hydrogen bonding and vdW interaction. Mt and MoS2 interacted more strongly with ATE than ACE, which revealed the reason MoS2/Mt, Mt and MoS2 possessed higher adsorption capacity for ATE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenyan Shi
- School of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Yancheng Institute of Technology, Yancheng 224051, China.
| | - Yuting Chu
- School of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Yancheng Institute of Technology, Yancheng 224051, China
| | - Mingzhu Xia
- School of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing 210094, China.
| | - Fengyun Wang
- School of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing 210094, China.
| | - Chenlu Fu
- School of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing 210094, China
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14
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Zhang H, Ma J, Shi M, Xia M, Wang F, Fu C. Adsorption of two β-blocker pollutants on modified montmorillonite with environment-friendly cationic surfactant containing amide group: Batch adsorption experiments and Multiwfn wave function analysis. J Colloid Interface Sci 2021; 590:601-613. [PMID: 33582363 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2021.01.077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2020] [Revised: 01/16/2021] [Accepted: 01/23/2021] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
The novel environment-friendly hexadecanoamide propyltrimethy lammonium chloride (NQAS16-3) surfactant with different amounts (0.2, 0.4, 0.6, 0.8, 1.0, 1.2 CEC) was firstly used to modify montmorillonite, and the obtained organomontmorillonite (N-Mt) with the amount of surfactant equal to 1.0 CEC was utilized to adsorb two β-blocker pollutants- Atenolol (ATE) and acebutolol (ACE). The experimental results indicated that the equilibrium adsorption capacity of N-Mt(the organo-montmorillonite that the amount of modifier was 1.0 CEC) for ATE and ACE was 93.47 mg/g and 84.55 mg/g, respectively, which was more than twice that of raw montmorillonite for two pollutants, the adsorption was better fitted with the pseudo-second-order model and Langmuir isotherms model, and the adsorption was the spontaneous and exothermic process. Moreover, combining with the Zeta potential values of N-Mt, and with the help of Multiwfn wave function program based on density functional theory (DFT), the electrostatic interaction and the hydrophobic partitioning between N-Mt and two pollutant molecules were verified, p-π/π interaction between NQAS16-3 and ATE (or ACE) may be contributed to the increasing adsorption capacity of N-Mt for two β-blocker pollutants. The work provided novel organomontmorillonite for the removal of non-degradable β-blocker pollutants and the insight of the adsorption mechanism from the atomic level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongling Zhang
- Ministry of Ecology and Environment, Nanjing Institute of Environmental Sciences, Nanjing 210042, China.
| | - Jianzhe Ma
- School of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing 210094, China
| | - Mingxing Shi
- School of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing 210094, China
| | - Mingzhu Xia
- School of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing 210094, China.
| | - Fengyun Wang
- School of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing 210094, China.
| | - Chenlu Fu
- School of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing 210094, China
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15
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Parolini M. Toxicity of the Non-Steroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drugs (NSAIDs) acetylsalicylic acid, paracetamol, diclofenac, ibuprofen and naproxen towards freshwater invertebrates: A review. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2020; 740:140043. [PMID: 32559537 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.140043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 109] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2020] [Revised: 06/02/2020] [Accepted: 06/05/2020] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
Non-Steroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drugs (NSAIDs) represent one of the main therapeutic classes of molecules contaminating aquatic ecosystems worldwide. NSAIDs are commonly and extensively used for their analgesic, antipyretic and anti-inflammatory properties to cure pain and inflammation in human and veterinary therapy. After use, NSAIDs are excreted in their native form or as metabolites, entering the aquatic ecosystems. A number of monitoring surveys has detected the presence of different NSAIDs in freshwater ecosystems in the ng/L - μg/L concentration range. Although the concentrations of NSAIDs in surface waters are low, the high biological activity of these molecules may confer them a potential toxicity towards non-target aquatic organisms. The present review aims at summarizing toxicity, in terms of both acute and chronic toxicity, induced by the main NSAIDs detected in surface waters worldwide, namely acetylsalicylic acid (ASA), paracetamol (PCM), diclofenac (DCF), ibuprofen (IBU) and naproxen (NPX), both singularly and in mixture, towards freshwater invertebrates. Invertebrates play a crucial role in ecosystem functioning so that NSAIDs-induced effects may result in hazardous consequences to the whole freshwater trophic chain. Acute toxicity of NSAIDs occurs only at high, unrealistic concentrations, while sub-lethal effects arise also at low, environmentally relevant concentrations of all these drugs. Thus, further studies represent a priority in order to improve the knowledge on NSAID toxicity and mechanism(s) of action in freshwater organisms and to shed light on their real ecological hazard towards freshwater communities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Parolini
- Department of Environmental Science and Policy, University of Milan, via Celoria 26, I-20133 Milan, Italy.
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Isari AA, Mehregan M, Mehregan S, Hayati F, Rezaei Kalantary R, Kakavandi B. Sono-photocatalytic degradation of tetracycline and pharmaceutical wastewater using WO 3/CNT heterojunction nanocomposite under US and visible light irradiations: A novel hybrid system. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2020; 390:122050. [PMID: 32007859 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2020.122050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2019] [Revised: 01/06/2020] [Accepted: 01/07/2020] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
In this paper, in-situ fabrication of tungsten oxide (WO3) on carbon nano-tube (CNT) was performed via sol-gel/hydrothermal method to prepare WO3/CNT nanocomposites and then coupled with visible light and ultrasound (US) irradiations for sono-photocatalytic removal of tetracycline (TTC) and pharmaceutical wastewater treatment. The as-prepared catalysts were characterized by FT-IR, XRD, TEM, UV-VIS DRS, FESEM, EDS, TGA, BET, BJH, EIS, and EDX techniques. The characterization tests, indicated successful incorporation of CTNs into the WO3 framework and efficient reduction of charge carries recombination rate after modifying with CNT. The investigation of experimental parameters verified that 60 mg/L TTC could be perfectly degraded at optimum operational parameters (WO3/CNT: 0.7 g/L, pH: 9.0, US power: 250 W/m2, and light intensity: 120 W/m2 over 60 min treatment. Trapping experiments results verified that HO radicals and h+ were the main oxidative species in degradation of TTC. The as-prepared photocatalysts could be reused after six successive cycles with an approximately 8.8 % reduction in removal efficiency. Investigation of the effect of real pharmaceutical wastewater revealed that this system is able to eliminate 83.7 and 90.6 % of TOC and COD, respectively after 220 min of reaction time. Some compounds with lower toxic impact and molecular weight, compared to raw pharmaceutical wastewater, were detected after treatment by sono-photocatalysis process. The biodegradability of real pharmaceutical wastewater was improved significantly after treatment by WO3/CNT sono-photocatalysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Akbar Isari
- Department of Basic and Applied Sciences for Engineering, SAPIENZA University of Rome, Italy
| | - Mahya Mehregan
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Abadan Faculty of Petroleum Engineering, Petroleum University of Technology (PUT), Abadan, Iran
| | - Shima Mehregan
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Abadan Faculty of Petroleum Engineering, Petroleum University of Technology (PUT), Abadan, Iran
| | - Farzan Hayati
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Abadan Faculty of Petroleum Engineering, Petroleum University of Technology (PUT), Abadan, Iran
| | - Roshanak Rezaei Kalantary
- Research Center for Environmental Health Technology (RCEHT), Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Public Health, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Babak Kakavandi
- Research Center for Health, Safety and Environment, Alborz University of Medical Sciences, Karaj, Iran; Department of Environmental Health Engineering, Alborz University of Medical Sciences, Karaj, Iran.
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17
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Pereira A, Silva L, Laranjeiro C, Lino C, Pena A. Selected Pharmaceuticals in Different Aquatic Compartments: Part II-Toxicity and Environmental Risk Assessment. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25081796. [PMID: 32295269 PMCID: PMC7221825 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25081796] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2020] [Revised: 04/03/2020] [Accepted: 04/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Potential risks associated with releases of human pharmaceuticals into the environment have become an increasingly important issue in environmental health. This concern has been driven by the widespread detection of pharmaceuticals in all aquatic compartments. Therefore, 22 pharmaceuticals, 6 metabolites and transformation products, belonging to 7 therapeutic groups, were selected to perform a review on their toxicity and environmental risk assessment (ERA) in different aquatic compartments, important issues to tackle the water framework directive (WFD). The toxicity data collected reported, with the exception of anxiolytics, at least one toxicity value for concentrations below 1 µg L−1. The results obtained for the ERA revealed risk quotients (RQs) higher than 1 in all the aquatic bodies and for the three trophic levels, algae, invertebrates and fish, posing ecotoxicological pressure in all of these compartments. The therapeutic groups with higher RQs were hormones, antiepileptics, anti-inflammatories and antibiotics. Unsurprisingly, RQs values were highest in wastewaters, however, less contaminated water bodies such as groundwaters still presented maximum values up to 91,150 regarding 17α-ethinylestradiol in fish. Overall, these results present an important input for setting prioritizing measures and sustainable strategies, minimizing their impact in the aquatic environment.
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19
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Kumar M, Ram B, Honda R, Poopipattana C, Canh VD, Chaminda T, Furumai H. Concurrence of antibiotic resistant bacteria (ARB), viruses, pharmaceuticals and personal care products (PPCPs) in ambient waters of Guwahati, India: Urban vulnerability and resilience perspective. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2019; 693:133640. [PMID: 31377355 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.133640] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2019] [Revised: 07/03/2019] [Accepted: 07/26/2019] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Multi-drug resistant microbes, pathogenic viruses, metals, and pharmaceuticals and personal care products (PPCPs) in water has become the crux of urban sustainability issues. However, vulnerability due to pollutant concurrences, source apportionment, and identification of better faecal indicators needs to be better understood. The present study focuses on the vulnerability of urban Guwahati, the largest city in Northeastern India, through analyzing the concurrence of PPCPs, enteric viruses, antibiotic resistant bacteria, metal, and faecal contamination in water. The study strives to identify a relevant marker of anthropogenic pollution for the Indian scenario. Samples from the Brahmaputra River (n = 4), tributary Bharalu River (an unlined urban drain; n = 3), and Ramsar recognized Lake (Dipor Bil; n = 1) indicate caffeine > acetaminophen > theophylline > carbamazepine > crotamiton for PPCPs and pepper mild mottle virus (PMMoV) > aichi > hepatitis A > norovirus GII > norovirus GI for enteric viruses. PMMoV was the better indicator of faecal pollution due to its prevalence, specificity and ease of detection. Antibiotic resistance was neither correlated with the prevalence of PPCPs nor E. coli. As, Co and Mn appear to be inducing antibiotic resistance in E. coli. While the risk quotient of the urban drain (Bharalu River) indicates one order higher magnitude than reported for other Indian rivers, the Lake exhibited the least pollution and better resilience. The concurrence of pollutants and multi-drug resistant E. coli, owing to the complete absence of wastewater treatment, puts the city in a highly vulnerable state. Pollution is being regulated only by the dilution capability of the Brahmaputra River, which needs to be further researched for seasonal variation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manish Kumar
- Discipline of Earth Sciences, Indian Institute of Technology Gandhinagar, Gujarat, India.
| | - Bhagwana Ram
- Discipline of Civil Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Gandhinagar, Gujarat, India
| | - Ryo Honda
- Faculty of Environmental Design, Institute of Science and Engineering, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan
| | | | - Vu Duc Canh
- Department of Urban Engineering, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tushara Chaminda
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Ruhuna, Sri Lanka
| | - Hiroaki Furumai
- Department of Urban Engineering, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
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20
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Fang S, Zhang Y, Liu X, Qiu J, Liu Z, Kong F. Development of a highly sensitive time-resolved fluoroimmunoassay for the determination of trace salbutamol in environmental samples. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2019; 679:359-364. [PMID: 31085415 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.05.057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2019] [Revised: 05/05/2019] [Accepted: 05/05/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Veterinary drug residues have become a major source of environmental pollutants. To monitor trace salbutamol (SAL) in the environment, a highly sensitive and reliable time-resolved fluoroimmunoassay (TRFIA) was developed. Under the optimum parameters, the half-maximal inhibition concentration (IC50) and the limit of detection (LOD, IC10) were determined to be 0.08 μg/L and 0.66 ng/L with a linear range (IC20 - IC80) of 0.0028-2.25 μg/L for SAL. The IC50 and LOD of the TRFIA improved approximately 5-fold and 31-fold, respectively, when compared with our previously reported ELISA data. When compared to most other conventional methods, the TRFIA also showed an excellent sensitivity and accuracy for the detection of SAL. Recoveries from 83.4 to 111.3% and standard deviations (RSDs) from 3.9 to 14.0% were observed in various environmental SAL-spiked samples, including river water, paddy water, livestock wastewater, vegetable field soil and rice paddy soil. In addition, the developed TRFIA showed largely consistent with analytic results from UPLC-MS/MS (R2 = 0.9825, n = 15). These results suggest that the proposed TRFIA can be applied as a sensitive and reliable monitoring method to detect trace SAL in environmental samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Song Fang
- Laboratory of Tobacco Quality and Safety Risk Assessment, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Tobacco Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Qingdao 266101, China
| | - Yizhi Zhang
- Laboratory of Tobacco Quality and Safety Risk Assessment, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Tobacco Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Qingdao 266101, China
| | - Xue Liu
- Laboratory of Tobacco Quality and Safety Risk Assessment, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Tobacco Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Qingdao 266101, China
| | - Jun Qiu
- Laboratory of Tobacco Quality and Safety Risk Assessment, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Tobacco Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Qingdao 266101, China
| | - Zhenjiang Liu
- School of the Environment and Safety Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China.
| | - Fanyu Kong
- Laboratory of Tobacco Quality and Safety Risk Assessment, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Tobacco Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Qingdao 266101, China.
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21
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Comber S, Gardner M, Sörme P, Ellor B. The removal of pharmaceuticals during wastewater treatment: Can it be predicted accurately? THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2019; 676:222-230. [PMID: 31048154 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.04.113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2019] [Revised: 03/21/2019] [Accepted: 04/08/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The presence of active pharmaceutical ingredients (APIs) in the environment is of growing concern and effluents from wastewater treatment works (WwTWs) are one of the major sources. This research combines the outputs of a multimillion pound UK program of work to evaluate the fate of APIs in the wastewater treatment process. A combination of analysis of measured data and modelling has been applied to 18 APIs, representing a wide range of medicinal application and physico-chemical characteristics. Some isomers (for atorvastatin) and metabolites (for sertraline, carbamazepine and erythromycin) were also included. High variability was observed between removal rates for individual APIs between WwTW, which after statistical analysis could not be explained by the nominal WwTW process (e.g. activated sludge or trickling filter). Nor was there a clear relationship between API removal and physico-chemical parameters such as pKa, charge or log Kow. A publically available sewage process model, SimpleTreat 4.0 which has been rigorously validated and is now being used for exposure assessment with REACH legislation for organic chemicals and within the Biocidal Products Regulation by the European Medicines Agency for APIs, was used to estimate removal rates with which to compare with measured data. SimpleTreat provided estimates of removal rates within ±30% of observed values for the majority of the APIs measured, with the use of readily available WwTW specific parameters such as flow, total suspended solids and BOD data. The data and correlations provided in this study provide support for any future considerations regarding the management of API discharge to the aquatic environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sean Comber
- Biogeochemistry Research Centre, Plymouth University, Drake Circus, Plymouth PL4 8AA, UK.
| | - Mike Gardner
- Atkins Limited, 500, Park Avenue, Aztec West, Almondsbury, Bristol BS32 4RZ, UK
| | | | - Brian Ellor
- UK Water Industry Research Ltd, Third Floor, 36 Broadway, London SW1H 0BH, UK
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22
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Zhou L, Sleiman M, Fine L, Ferronato C, de Sainte Claire P, Vulliet E, Chovelon JM, Xiu G, Richard C. Contrasting photoreactivity of β2-adrenoceptor agonists Salbutamol and Terbutaline in the presence of humic substances. CHEMOSPHERE 2019; 228:9-16. [PMID: 31015039 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2019.04.104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2018] [Revised: 03/13/2019] [Accepted: 04/14/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The photodegradation reactions of two typical β2-adrenoceptor agonists, salbutamol (SAL) and terbutaline (TBL), alone, and in the presence of Aldrich humic acid (AHA) or Suwannee River fulvic acid (SRFA) were investigated by steady-state photolysis experiments, laser flash photolysis (LFP), kinetic modeling and quantum calculation. AHA and SRFA (2-20 mgC L-1) accelerated the phototransformation of both SAL and TBL. For SAL, an inhibiting effect of oxygen on the photodegradation was observed that is fully consistent with the main involvement of excited triplet states of HS (3HS*). On the contrary, oxygen drastically enhanced the photodegradation of TBL showing that 3HS* were negligibly involved in the reaction. The involvement of singlet oxygen was also ruled out because of the low reaction rate constant measured between TBL and singlet oxygen. Quantum calculations were therefore performed to explore whether oxygenated radicals could through addition reactions explain the differences of reactivity of TBL and SAL in oxygen medium. Interestingly, calculations showed that in the presence of oxygen, the addition of phenoxyl on TBL led to the formation of adducts and to the loss of TBL while the same addition reaction on SAL partly regenerated the starting compound and at the end degraded SAL less efficiently. This study is of high relevance to understand the processes involved in SAL and TBL phototransformation and the photoreactivity of HS. Moreover, our findings suggest that TBL might be a promising probe molecule to delineate the role of oxygenated radicals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Zhou
- State Environmental Protection Key Lab of Environmental Risk Assessment and Control on Chemical Processes. School of Resources & Environmental Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200237, China; Université Clermont Auvergne, CNRS, Sigma-Clermont, Institut de Chimie de Clermont-Ferrand, F-63178, Aubière, France; Shanghai Institute of Pollution Control and Ecological Security, Shanghai, 200092, PR China
| | - Mohamad Sleiman
- Université Clermont Auvergne, CNRS, Sigma-Clermont, Institut de Chimie de Clermont-Ferrand, F-63178, Aubière, France
| | - Ludovic Fine
- Univ Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, IRCELYON, F-69626, 2 Avenue Albert Einstein, Villeurbanne, France
| | - Corinne Ferronato
- Univ Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, IRCELYON, F-69626, 2 Avenue Albert Einstein, Villeurbanne, France
| | - Pascal de Sainte Claire
- Université Clermont Auvergne, CNRS, Sigma-Clermont, Institut de Chimie de Clermont-Ferrand, F-63178, Aubière, France
| | - Emmanuelle Vulliet
- Univ Lyon, CNRS, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, ENS de Lyon - Institut des Sciences Analytiques, UMR 5280, 5 Rue de la Doua, 69100, Villeurbanne, France
| | - Jean-Marc Chovelon
- Univ Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, IRCELYON, F-69626, 2 Avenue Albert Einstein, Villeurbanne, France.
| | - Guangli Xiu
- State Environmental Protection Key Lab of Environmental Risk Assessment and Control on Chemical Processes. School of Resources & Environmental Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200237, China; Shanghai Institute of Pollution Control and Ecological Security, Shanghai, 200092, PR China.
| | - Claire Richard
- Université Clermont Auvergne, CNRS, Sigma-Clermont, Institut de Chimie de Clermont-Ferrand, F-63178, Aubière, France.
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23
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Pompei CME, Campos LC, da Silva BF, Fogo JC, Vieira EM. Occurrence of PPCPs in a Brazilian water reservoir and their removal efficiency by ecological filtration. CHEMOSPHERE 2019; 226:210-219. [PMID: 30927673 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2019.03.122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2018] [Revised: 03/12/2019] [Accepted: 03/17/2019] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
The presence of PPCPs (Pharmaceuticals and Personal Care Products) in water sources and drinking water has concerned researchers in recent times. This study was carried out to evaluate the occurrence of 6 PPCPs (namely paracetamol, diclofenac, naproxen, ibuprofen, benzophenone-3 and methylparaben) in the Lobo reservoir, their degradation products, and how efficiently they were removed by 22 ecological filters, considering individual and mixture of compounds. There were 3 spiking events of PPCPs (2 μg L-1) in the ecological filter influents conducted with a lag period of 15 days between spikes. Water samples were collected from the influent and effluent of the filters at 3, 6 and 24 h after each spiking event. All target PPCPs were identified in the Lobo reservoir water in the range of μg L-1. The personal care products were detected with 100% frequency in the samples, and in higher concentrations compared to the pharmaceuticals. Degradation products of diclofenac and benzophenone-3 were identified in the water samples. Results of this investigation show that ecological filtration was an effective process (70-99%) to remove 2 μg L-1 of the selected PPCPs, and demonstrated that the filters were resilient to individual compounds and to their mixtures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caroline Moço Erba Pompei
- Water Resources and Applied Ecology Center, São Carlos School of Engineering, University of São Paulo, São Carlos, SP, Brazil.
| | - Luiza Cintra Campos
- Department of Civil, Environmental and Geomatic Engineering, University College London, Gower Street, London, WC1E 6BT, United Kingdom.
| | - Bianca Ferreira da Silva
- Institute of Chemistry, State University "Julio de Mesquita Filho"-UNESP, Araraquara, SP, Brazil.
| | - José Carlos Fogo
- Department of Statistics, Federal University of São Carlos, SP, Brazil.
| | - Eny Maria Vieira
- Department of Chemistry and Molecular Physics, São Carlos Institute of Chemistry, University of São Paulo, São Carlos, SP, Brazil.
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24
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Gaston L, Lapworth DJ, Stuart M, Arnscheidt J. Prioritization Approaches for Substances of Emerging Concern in Groundwater: A Critical Review. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2019; 53:6107-6122. [PMID: 31063369 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.8b04490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Risks from emerging contaminants (ECs) in groundwater to human health and aquatic ecology remain difficult to quantify. The number of ECs potentially found in groundwater presents challenges for regulators and water managers regarding selection for monitoring. This study is the first systematic review of prioritization approaches for selecting ECs that may pose a risk in groundwater. Online databases were searched for prioritization approaches relating to ECs in the aquatic environment using standardized key word search combinations. From a total of 672, 33 studies met the eligibility criteria based primarily on the relevance to prioritizing ECs in groundwater. The review revealed the lack of a groundwater specific contaminant prioritization methodology in spite of widely recognized differences between groundwater and surface water environments with regard to pathways to receptors. The findings highlight a lack of adequate evaluation of methodologies for predicting the likelihood of an EC entering groundwater and knowledge gaps regarding the occurrence and fate of ECs in this environment. The review concludes with a proposal for a prioritization framework for ECs in groundwater monitoring that enables priority lists to be updated as new information becomes available for substances with regard to their usage, physicochemical properties, and hazards.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lorraine Gaston
- Environmental Sciences Research Institute , Ulster University , Coleraine Campus, Cromore Road , Coleraine , County Londonderry BT52 1SA , United Kingdom
| | - Dan J Lapworth
- British Geological Survey , Maclean Building, Crowmarsh Gifford , Wallingford , Oxfordshire OX10 8BB , United Kingdom
| | - Marianne Stuart
- British Geological Survey , Maclean Building, Crowmarsh Gifford , Wallingford , Oxfordshire OX10 8BB , United Kingdom
| | - Joerg Arnscheidt
- Environmental Sciences Research Institute , Ulster University , Coleraine Campus, Cromore Road , Coleraine , County Londonderry BT52 1SA , United Kingdom
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25
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Zhang Q, Huang W, Yu YB, Zhou YL, Hong JM. Catalytic performance and mechanism of graphene electrode doped with S and N heteroatoms for N-(4-hydroxyphenyl)ethanamide electrochemical degradation. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2019; 368:316-325. [PMID: 30685720 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2019.01.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2018] [Revised: 12/18/2018] [Accepted: 01/14/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
As operation performance of electro-oxidation is strongly influenced by feature of anode materials, apparently oriented preparation of electrode materials to maximize stable degradation efficiency would be top-priority consideration for system optimization. Recently, heteroatoms hybrid graphene is well known as one of major matrices popularly constructed onto anode modification due to its excellent electronic properties and long-term operation stability. The novelty focused on the first proposed competitive interactions between N and S species on graphene edges for improving operation efficiency. Due to the complicated characteristics of heteroatoms hybrid graphene, the mechanism of synergistic or antagonistic interactions of different heteroatoms was still open to be explored. To clarify the functions of S and N heteroatoms on graphene electrode, N and S co-doped graphene were prepared by hydrothermal method. Analyses upon characterization of materials, dominant radical species reacted through reaction, density functional theory (DFT) calculation, N-(4-hydroxyphenyl)ethanamide degradation pathway and the influence of heteroatom species on the efficiency/path of electrocatalytic oxidation and proposed mechanism were determined. The findings indicated that S doped graphene had more promising electrocatalytic activity than N, and that the co-existence of S and N converted the N species from pyrrolic N (the N species with the highest activity) into graphitic N (the N species with the least activity). Apparently, the activity of S was also repressed. With S and N co-doping, active sites for direct electrocatalytic oxidation was possibly properly placed at carbon atoms with S or hydroxyl group. Moreover, the S species and hydroxyl groups are more favorable for indirect electrocatalytic oxidation via HO• and active chlorine species generation. The analysis in-depth with the proposed mechanism was suggested as guideline for optimal design of functional electrodes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Zhang
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Huaqiao University, Xiamen, 361021, China; Xiamen Engineering Research Center of Industrial Wastewater Biochemical Treatment, Xiamen, 361021, China; Fujian Provincial Research Center of Industrial Wastewater Biochemical Treatment (Huaqiao University), Xiamen, 361021, China
| | - Wan Huang
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Huaqiao University, Xiamen, 361021, China; Xiamen Engineering Research Center of Industrial Wastewater Biochemical Treatment, Xiamen, 361021, China; Fujian Provincial Research Center of Industrial Wastewater Biochemical Treatment (Huaqiao University), Xiamen, 361021, China
| | - Yong-Bo Yu
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Huaqiao University, Xiamen, 361021, China; Xiamen Engineering Research Center of Industrial Wastewater Biochemical Treatment, Xiamen, 361021, China; Fujian Provincial Research Center of Industrial Wastewater Biochemical Treatment (Huaqiao University), Xiamen, 361021, China
| | - Yu-Lian Zhou
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Huaqiao University, Xiamen, 361021, China; Xiamen Engineering Research Center of Industrial Wastewater Biochemical Treatment, Xiamen, 361021, China; Fujian Provincial Research Center of Industrial Wastewater Biochemical Treatment (Huaqiao University), Xiamen, 361021, China
| | - Jun-Ming Hong
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Huaqiao University, Xiamen, 361021, China; Xiamen Engineering Research Center of Industrial Wastewater Biochemical Treatment, Xiamen, 361021, China; Fujian Provincial Research Center of Industrial Wastewater Biochemical Treatment (Huaqiao University), Xiamen, 361021, China.
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26
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Hu J, Jing X, Zhai L, Guo J, Lu K, Mao L. BiOCl facilitated photocatalytic degradation of atenolol from water: Reaction kinetics, pathways and products. CHEMOSPHERE 2019; 220:77-85. [PMID: 30579951 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2018.12.085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2018] [Revised: 12/05/2018] [Accepted: 12/11/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Atenolol (ATL), a kind of largely used beta-blockers, has been widely detected in the aquatic environment, which could cause adverse impact on human beings. In this study, bismuth oxychloride (BiOCl) photocatalyst was synthesized and applied to remove ATL in the aqueous system under simulated natural light. Emphasis was laid on the reaction kinetics and the impact of natural organic matter (NOM) (0-20 mg/L). Possible transformation pathways were systematically investigated based on identification of reaction products via liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS). As a consequence, BiOCl presents highly photocatalytic efficiency yielding up to nearly 100% ATL conversion after 60 min of interaction, together with fairly high photostability evidenced by considerably efficient removal of ATL after 10 catalytic cycles. Four kinds of possible products are detected using LC-MS in the process of reaction, indicating possible transformation ways of ATL photocatalysis. NOM has an inhibiting impact on the removal of ATL and influences the products distribution. This study provides an emerging nanocatalyst for ATL photodegradation and could eventually lead to development of novel methods to control pharmaceutical contamination in water.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinyuan Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
| | - Xueping Jing
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
| | - Li Zhai
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
| | - Jing Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
| | - Kun Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
| | - Liang Mao
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China.
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27
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Munro K, Martins CPB, Loewenthal M, Comber S, Cowan DA, Pereira L, Barron LP. Evaluation of combined sewer overflow impacts on short-term pharmaceutical and illicit drug occurrence in a heavily urbanised tidal river catchment (London, UK). THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2019; 657:1099-1111. [PMID: 30677877 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.12.108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2018] [Revised: 12/07/2018] [Accepted: 12/08/2018] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
The occurrence of pharmaceutical and illicit drug residues potentially arising from combined sewer overflows (CSOs) in the Central London portion of the Thames Estuary is presented. Approximately 39 million tonnes of untreated sewage enter the River Thames at 57 CSO points annually. Differential analysis of influents and effluents in a major wastewater treatment plant identified seven potential drug-related CSO markers based on removal rates. Three were present in influent at concentrations >1 μg L-1 (caffeine, cocaine and benzoylecgonine). During dry weather, analysis of hourly samples of river water revealed relatively consistent concentrations for most drugs, including CSO markers, over a tidal cycle. River water was monitored over a week in January and July and then daily across six consecutive weeks in November/December 2014. Out of 31 compounds monitored, 27 drug residues were determined in the River Thames and, combined, ranged between ~1000-3500 ng L-1. Total drug concentration generally declined during extended periods of drier weather. For CSO markers, short-term increases in caffeine, cocaine and benzoylecgonine concentration were observed ~24 h after CSO events (especially those occurring at low tide) and generally within one order of magnitude. Timings of elevated occurrence also correlated well with ammonium ion and dissolved oxygen data following CSOs. This work also represents an important study of pharmaceutical occurrence before a major 'Super Sewer' infrastructure upgrade in London aiming to reduce CSOs by 95%.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelly Munro
- King's Forensics, Dept. Analytical, Environmental & Forensic Sciences, School of Population Health & Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences & Medicine, King's College London, Franklin Wilkins Building, 150 Stamford Street, SE1 9NH London, UK
| | | | - Matthew Loewenthal
- Environment Agency, National Water Quality Instrumentation Service, Bristol, UK
| | - Sean Comber
- Dept. Environmental Science, Plymouth University, Drake Circus, Plymouth, PL4 8AA, UK
| | - David A Cowan
- King's Forensics, Dept. Analytical, Environmental & Forensic Sciences, School of Population Health & Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences & Medicine, King's College London, Franklin Wilkins Building, 150 Stamford Street, SE1 9NH London, UK
| | - Luisa Pereira
- Thermo Fisher Scientific, Manor Park, Tudor Road, Runcorn, UK
| | - Leon P Barron
- King's Forensics, Dept. Analytical, Environmental & Forensic Sciences, School of Population Health & Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences & Medicine, King's College London, Franklin Wilkins Building, 150 Stamford Street, SE1 9NH London, UK.
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28
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Fu W, Fu J, Li X, Li B, Wang X. Occurrence and fate of PPCPs in typical drinking water treatment plants in China. ENVIRONMENTAL GEOCHEMISTRY AND HEALTH 2019; 41:5-15. [PMID: 30225729 DOI: 10.1007/s10653-018-0181-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2018] [Accepted: 08/29/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
In this study, the occurrence and removal of twenty-nine pharmaceuticals and personal care products (PPCPs) in two water treatment plants (WTPs) in China were investigated. WTP1 employed ozonation and granular active carbon (GAC) filtration after coagulation and sedimentation, while WTP2 applied anthracite and GAC filtration instead. In the influent, six and four selected PPCPs with total concentrations of 554.97 and 12.94 ng/L were detected in WTP1 and WTP2, respectively (in October), among which, sulfamethoxazole and erythromycin were detected with highest concentrations due to their widely used as both human and veterinary medicines. PPCPs removal varied significantly among compounds and treatment units. In general, coagulation, filtration and single GAC units worked inefficiently and removed the detected PPCPs by less than 50%, as they were not hydrophobic. Ozonation was capable to eliminate a majority of PPCPs by more than 90%, which, however, presented limited mineralization and generated a certain amount of degradation by-products. To seek the improvement of PPCPs removal by coagulation and flocculation, the feasibility of adding hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) into the coagulation process (Fe2+ or Fe3+) to trigger the Fenton reaction was investigated. Results indicated that only under acidic condition, Fe2+ combined H2O2 efficiently removed PPCPs, while Fe3+/H2O2 also showed some removal capacity compared to coagulation process only. It will be impractical to employ this process under neutral pH. But when acidic wastewater is involved, this process may have its potential application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenjie Fu
- Guangdong Provincial Engineering Research Center for Urban Water Recycling and Environmental Safety, Graduate School at Shenzhen, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Jing Fu
- School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaoyan Li
- Guangdong Provincial Engineering Research Center for Urban Water Recycling and Environmental Safety, Graduate School at Shenzhen, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Bing Li
- Guangdong Provincial Engineering Research Center for Urban Water Recycling and Environmental Safety, Graduate School at Shenzhen, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen, China.
| | - Xiaomao Wang
- School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China.
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29
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Letsinger S, Kay P. Comparison of Prioritisation Schemes for Human Pharmaceuticals in the Aquatic Environment. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2019; 26:3479-3491. [PMID: 30515684 PMCID: PMC6513794 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-018-3834-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2018] [Accepted: 11/22/2018] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Only a small proportion of pharmaceuticals available for commercial use have been monitored in the aquatic environment, and even less is known about the effects on organisms. With thousands of pharmaceuticals in use, it is not feasible to monitor or assess the effects of all of these compounds. Prioritisation schemes allow the ranking of pharmaceuticals based on their potential as environmental contaminants, allowing resources to be appropriately used on those which are most likely to enter the environment and cause greatest harm. Many different types of prioritisation schemes exist in the literature and those utilising predicted environmental concentrations (PECs), the fish plasma model (FPM), critical environmental concentrations (CECs) and acute ecotoxicological data were assessed in the current study using the 50 most prescribed drugs in the UK. PECs were found to be overestimates of mean measured environmental concentrations but mainly underestimations of maximum concentrations. Acute ecological data identified different compounds of concern to the other effects assessments although the FPM and CECs methods were more conservative. These schemes highlighted antidepressants, lipid regulators, antibiotics, antihypertensive compounds and ibuprofen as priority compounds for further study and regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Letsinger
- School of Geography, University of Leeds, Woodhouse Lane, Leeds, West Yorkshire, LS2 9JT, UK.
| | - Paul Kay
- School of Geography, University of Leeds, Woodhouse Lane, Leeds, West Yorkshire, LS2 9JT, UK
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30
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Ikkere LE, Perkons I, Sire J, Pugajeva I, Bartkevics V. Occurrence of polybrominated diphenyl ethers, perfluorinated compounds, and nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs in freshwater mussels from Latvia. CHEMOSPHERE 2018; 213:507-516. [PMID: 30248497 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2018.09.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2018] [Revised: 09/04/2018] [Accepted: 09/05/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The occurrence of polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDE), perfluorinated compounds (PFC), and nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAID) in Latvian freshwater ecosystems was evaluated by using filter-feeding mussels as bioindicators. Twenty four samples of mussels were collected from freshwater bodies throughout the territory of Latvia during the summer of 2017. PBDE contamination was ubiquitous, reaching the highest total concentration of 193.2 pg g-1 w.w. BDE-209 was the most abundant compound, followed by penta-BDE components BDE-49, -100, -99, -153, -154, and -47 in decreasing order. The levels of PFCs in Latvian mussels were generally lower than those reported from other regions. Perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) was more common in mussels than perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS). Ibuprofen was the only NSAID detected in mussels during this study (detection frequency 50%). The observed concentrations of this compound varied between 0.52 and 109 ng g-1 w.w., being noticeably higher than reported by other authors. Overall, the results indicate that among the three analysed groups of contaminants, ibuprofen is present in Latvian freshwater environment at relatively high levels and further monitoring should be carried out.
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Affiliation(s)
- L E Ikkere
- Institute of Food Safety, Animal Health and Environment "BIOR", Lejupes iela 3, Riga LV-1076, Latvia; University of Latvia, Jelgavas iela 1, Riga LV 1004, Latvia.
| | - I Perkons
- Institute of Food Safety, Animal Health and Environment "BIOR", Lejupes iela 3, Riga LV-1076, Latvia; University of Latvia, Jelgavas iela 1, Riga LV 1004, Latvia
| | - J Sire
- Latvian Environment, Geology and Meteorology Centre, Maskavas iela 165, Riga LV 1019, Latvia; University of Latvia, Jelgavas iela 1, Riga LV 1004, Latvia
| | - I Pugajeva
- Institute of Food Safety, Animal Health and Environment "BIOR", Lejupes iela 3, Riga LV-1076, Latvia
| | - V Bartkevics
- Institute of Food Safety, Animal Health and Environment "BIOR", Lejupes iela 3, Riga LV-1076, Latvia; University of Latvia, Jelgavas iela 1, Riga LV 1004, Latvia
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31
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Czech B, Tyszczuk-Rotko K. Visible-light-driven photocatalytic removal of acetaminophen from water using a novel MWCNT-TiO2-SiO2 photocatalysts. Sep Purif Technol 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.seppur.2018.06.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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32
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Wang BH, Zhang Q, Hong JM. Fe0/C-bentonite alginate beads and oyster shell fixed-bed column combined process to continuously remove N-acetyl-p-aminophenol in persulfate system. J IND ENG CHEM 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jiec.2018.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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33
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Renuka S, Poopal RK, Ramesh M, Clara-Bindu F. Responses of Labeo rohita fingerlings to N-acetyl-p-aminophenol toxicity. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2018; 157:73-80. [PMID: 29605646 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2018.03.058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2018] [Revised: 03/14/2018] [Accepted: 03/23/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The short term (96 h) toxicity of N-acetyl-p-aminophenol (0.58 mg/L - Treatment I and 0.29 mg/L - Treatment II) on certain health indicators (haematology, biochemical, and enzymology) of an Indian major carp Labeo rohita was studied. When compared to control, N-acetyl-p-aminophenol treated fish showed a significant (P < 0.05) decrease in haemoglobin (Hb), haematocrit (Hct), and erythrocyte (RBC) levels throughout the study period. Whereas, a significant (P < 0.05) increase were noted in leucocyte (WBC) counts (except 48 h in Treatment-I), mean corpuscular volume (MCV), and mean corpuscular haemoglobin (MCH) values (except 24 h in Treatment-I). Mean corpuscular haemoglobin concentration (MCHC) values were found to be decreased significantly (P < 0.05) in fish exposed to 0.58 mg/L of N-acetyl-p-aminophenol, whereas in 0.29 mg/L exposed fish the values were found to be increased significantly (P < 0.05) (except 72 h). A significant (P < 0.05) increase in plasma glucose levels was noticed in fish exposed to 0.58 mg/L of N-acetyl-p-aminophenol (except 96 h). However, a biphasic trend in plasma glucose level was observed at 0.29 mg/L of N-acetyl-p-aminophenol exposed fish. Protein levels were found to be increased in both the treatments except at the end of 48 and 96 h in 0.58 and 0.29 mg/L, respectively. In both the treatments fluctuations of enzyme (GOT, GPT, and LDH) activities in gill and liver were also noted. However, these enzyme activities found to be significantly (P < 0.05) decreased in kidney and plasma of fish. From the result we conclude that the drug N-acetyl-p-aminophenol upon short term exposure could pose a risk to fish and the alteration of these parameters can be used to ecological risk assessment of pharmaceuticals in aquatic organisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sivashankar Renuka
- Unit of Toxicology, Department of Zoology, School of Life Sciences, Bharathiar University, Coimbatore 641046, TamilNadu, India
| | - Rama Krishnan Poopal
- Ecotoxicology and Toxicogenomics Lab, Department of Environmental Biotechnology, School of Environmental Sciences, Bharathidasan University, Tiruchirappalli 620024, TamilNadu, India.
| | - Mathan Ramesh
- Unit of Toxicology, Department of Zoology, School of Life Sciences, Bharathiar University, Coimbatore 641046, TamilNadu, India.
| | - Frederick Clara-Bindu
- Unit of Toxicology, Department of Zoology, School of Life Sciences, Bharathiar University, Coimbatore 641046, TamilNadu, India
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34
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Comber S, Gardner M, Sörme P, Leverett D, Ellor B. Active pharmaceutical ingredients entering the aquatic environment from wastewater treatment works: A cause for concern? THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2018; 613-614:538-547. [PMID: 28926808 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2017.09.101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2017] [Revised: 09/08/2017] [Accepted: 09/11/2017] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
This work reports on the variation in wastewater treatment works (WwTW) influent concentrations of a wide variety of active pharmaceutical ingredients (APIs), their removal efficiency, effluent concentrations and potential risks to the aquatic environment. The research is based on data generated from two large UK-wide WwTW monitoring programmes. Taking account of removal of parent compound from the aqueous phase during treatment in combination with estimates of dilution available it is possible to prioritise the APIs of greatest risk of exceeding estimates of predicted no effect concentrations (PNEC) in receiving waters for all WwTW in the UK. The majority of substances studied were removed to a high degree, although with significant variation, both within and between WwTW. Poorer removal (between influent and effluent) was observed for ethinyloestradiol, diclofenac, propranolol, the macrolide antibiotics, fluoxetine, tamoxifen and carbamazepine. All except the last two of these substances were present in effluents at concentrations higher than their respective estimated PNEC (based on measurement of effluents from 45 WwTW on 20 occasions). Based on available dilution data as many as 890 WwTW in the UK (approximately 13% of all WwTW) may cause exceedances of estimated riverine PNECs after mixing of their effluents with receiving waters. The overall degree of risk is driven by the toxicity value selected, which in itself is controlled by the availability of reliable and relevant ecotoxicological data and consequently the safety factors applied. The dataset and discussion, provides information to assist in the future management of these types of chemicals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sean Comber
- Biogeochemistry Research Centre, Plymouth University, Drake Circus, Plymouth PL4 8AA, UK.
| | - Mike Gardner
- Atkins Limited, 500, Park Avenue, Aztec West, Almondsbury, Bristol BS32 4RZ, UK
| | | | - Dean Leverett
- AstraZeneca, 1 Francis Crick Ave, Cambridge CB2 0RE, UK
| | - Brian Ellor
- wca Environment Ltd, Brunel House, Volunteer Way, Faringdon, Oxfordshire SN7 7YR, UK; UK Water Industry Research, Room EA1, 1-7 Great George Street, Westminster, London SW1P 3AA, UK
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35
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Pereira AMPT, Silva LJG, Lino CM, Meisel LM, Pena A. A critical evaluation of different parameters for estimating pharmaceutical exposure seeking an improved environmental risk assessment. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2017. [PMID: 28628814 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2017.06.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
A critical evaluation of the European Medicines Agency (EMA) Guideline on Environmental Risk Assessment (ERA) was performed on 16 of Portugal's most consumed pharmaceuticals in wastewater effluents (WWEs), the main route for aquatic contamination. The predicted environmental concentrations (PECs) were formulated based on the Guideline, after incorporating several refinements. The best approach was selected by comparing the measured environmental concentrations (MECs) to the PECs in WWEs. Finally, risk was assessed by comparing PECs to predicted no-effect concentrations (PNECs). The results showed that the default value of the penetration factor (Fpen) used by the EMA (0.01) was surpassed and that national consumption and excretion data were the two most important parameters for PEC calculations. The risk quotient between PECs and PNECs was higher than 1 for 12 pharmaceuticals, indicating a risk to all three trophic levels of aquatic organisms (algae, daphnids and fish). To improve the current ERA framework, suggestions were made for incorporating consumption and excretion data, changing the default value of Fpen to 0.04 and adding a safety factor of 10. Moreover, this evaluation should be performed for pharmaceuticals already on the market, and future ERAs should incorporate a risk-benefit analysis, an important risk-management step.
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Affiliation(s)
- André M P T Pereira
- LAQV, REQUIMTE, Group of Bromatology, Pharmacognosy and Analytical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Coimbra, Polo III, Azinhaga de Sta. Comba, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal.
| | - Liliana J G Silva
- LAQV, REQUIMTE, Group of Bromatology, Pharmacognosy and Analytical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Coimbra, Polo III, Azinhaga de Sta. Comba, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal.
| | - Celeste M Lino
- LAQV, REQUIMTE, Group of Bromatology, Pharmacognosy and Analytical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Coimbra, Polo III, Azinhaga de Sta. Comba, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal.
| | - Leonor M Meisel
- INFARMED, I.P. - National Authority of Medicines and Health Products, 1749-004 Lisboa, Portugal; Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Lisbon, Av. Prof. Gama Pinto, 1649-003 Lisboa, Portugal.
| | - Angelina Pena
- LAQV, REQUIMTE, Group of Bromatology, Pharmacognosy and Analytical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Coimbra, Polo III, Azinhaga de Sta. Comba, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal.
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36
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Nunes B, Nunes J, Soares AMVM, Figueira E, Freitas R. Toxicological effects of paracetamol on the clam Ruditapes philippinarum: exposure vs recovery. AQUATIC TOXICOLOGY (AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS) 2017; 192:198-206. [PMID: 28982071 DOI: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2017.09.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2017] [Revised: 07/27/2017] [Accepted: 09/19/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Exposure of wild organisms to anthropogenic substances never follows a definite time-course and pulsed events can often determine biological responses to such chemicals, confounding the interpretation of toxicological data. This is the case of specific chemicals such as pharmaceutical drugs, which are commonly released by sewage systems into sensitive areas, including estuaries. The presence and amount of these chemicals in the wild can be modulated by events such as dilution due to heavy rain, floods, or by varying patterns of domestic water use (daily vs. seasonal). The present study aimed to obtain additional data about the toxicity of paracetamol towards the marine clam species Ruditapes philippinarum, following realistic modes of exposure. Thus, the toxicity assessment was made after an acute exposure to different concentrations of paracetamol, followed by a recovery period. The adopted toxicological endpoints included energy-related parameters (glycogen content, GLY; protein content, PROT; electron transport system activity, ETS), activity of antioxidant and biotransformation enzymes (superoxide dismutase, SOD; glutathione peroxidase, GPx; Glutathione-S-transferases, GSTs), levels of reduced glutathione (GSH), neurotoxicity (cholinesterases activity, ChEs), and indicators of oxidative damage (lipid peroxidation, LPO). The here obtained results showed an increase in SOD and GPx activities after exposure. In organisms exposed to the highest concentration tested it was also possible to observe a significant increase in GSTs activity. However, these alterations in the antioxidant defence system were not able to prevent the occurrence of oxidative stress in exposed organisms. Furthermore, exposure to paracetamol induced neurotoxicity in clams, with a concentration-dependent ChEs inhibition along the exposure concentrations. Exposure to paracetamol also led to an increase of GLY content which resulted from metabolic activity depression along the increasing exposure gradient. In recovering organisms the activities of SOD, GPx and GSTs decreased back towards control values presenting lower values than the ones observed in organisms after acute exposure to paracetamol. No LPO was registered in organisms after the recovery period. In addition, after recovery, clams showed no signs of neurotoxicity, with ChEs activities in previously exposed organisms similar to control clams. After recovery clams seemed to re-establish their metabolic capacity, especially evidenced in clams previously exposed to the highest paracetamol concentration as demonstrated by the increase of ETS activity up to control values. Furthermore, the decrease of GLY content after recovery may indicate that clams increased their metabolic activity and started to use their energetic reserves to re-establish their oxidative status. This set of data shows that an acute exposure to paracetamol can exert deleterious effects that may compromise specific biochemical pathways in sensitive aquatic species, such as R. philippinarum, but organisms can re-establish their biochemical status to control levels after a recovery period.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bruno Nunes
- Departamento de Biologia & CESAM, Universidade de Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Joana Nunes
- Departamento de Biologia & CESAM, Universidade de Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Amadeu M V M Soares
- Departamento de Biologia & CESAM, Universidade de Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Etelvina Figueira
- Departamento de Biologia & CESAM, Universidade de Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Rosa Freitas
- Departamento de Biologia & CESAM, Universidade de Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal.
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Zhou L, Sleiman M, Ferronato C, Chovelon JM, de Sainte-Claire P, Richard C. Sulfate radical induced degradation of β2-adrenoceptor agonists salbutamol and terbutaline: Phenoxyl radical dependent mechanisms. WATER RESEARCH 2017; 123:715-723. [PMID: 28719816 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2017.07.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2017] [Revised: 06/20/2017] [Accepted: 07/12/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
The present study investigated the reactivity and oxidation mechanisms of salbutamol (SAL) and terbutaline (TBL), two typical β2-adrenoceptor agonists, towards sulfate radical (SO4-) by using photo-activated persulfate (PS). The reaction pathways and mechanisms were proposed based on products identification using high resolution HPLC-ESI-MS, laser flash photolysis (LFP) and molecular orbital calculations. The results indicated that SO4- was the dominant reactive species in the UV/PS process. The second-order rate constants of sulfate radical reaction with SAL and TBL were measured as (3.7 ± 0.3) × 109 and (4.2 ± 0.3) × 109 M-1 s-1 by LFP, respectively. For both SAL and TBL, phenoxyl radicals were found to play key roles in the orientation of the primary pathways. For SAL, a benzophenone derivative was generated by oxidation of the phenoxyl radical. However, in the case of TBL, the transformation of the phenoxyl radical into benzoquinone was impossible. Instead, the addition of OSO3H on the aromatic ring was the major pathway. The same reactivity pattern was observed in the case of TBL structural analogs resorcinol and 3,5-dihydroxybenzyl alcohol. Our results revealed that basic conditions inhibited the decomposition of SAL and TBL, while, increasing PS dose enhanced the degradation. The present work could help for a better understanding of the difference in oxidation reactivity of substituted phenols widely present in natural waters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Zhou
- Univ Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, IRCELYON, F-69626, 2 Avenue Albert Einstein, Villeurbanne, France; Université Clermont Auvergne, CNRS, Sigma-Clermont, Institut de Chimie de Clermont-Ferrand, F-63178, Aubière, France
| | - Mohamad Sleiman
- Université Clermont Auvergne, CNRS, Sigma-Clermont, Institut de Chimie de Clermont-Ferrand, F-63178, Aubière, France
| | - Corinne Ferronato
- Univ Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, IRCELYON, F-69626, 2 Avenue Albert Einstein, Villeurbanne, France
| | - Jean-Marc Chovelon
- Univ Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, IRCELYON, F-69626, 2 Avenue Albert Einstein, Villeurbanne, France.
| | - Pascal de Sainte-Claire
- Université Clermont Auvergne, CNRS, Sigma-Clermont, Institut de Chimie de Clermont-Ferrand, F-63178, Aubière, France
| | - Claire Richard
- Université Clermont Auvergne, CNRS, Sigma-Clermont, Institut de Chimie de Clermont-Ferrand, F-63178, Aubière, France.
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38
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Davids M, Gudra D, Radovica-Spalvina I, Fridmanis D, Bartkevics V, Muter O. The effects of ibuprofen on activated sludge: Shift in bacterial community structure and resistance to ciprofloxacin. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2017; 340:291-299. [PMID: 28719845 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2017.06.065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2017] [Revised: 05/10/2017] [Accepted: 06/27/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Ibuprofen (IBP) is ranked at the 4th place among 57 pharmaceutical compounds according to the number of citations in prioritization documents. The response of microbial community of activated sludge to IBP was studied at the concentrations of 50-5000mg/L. Batch incubation was performed in an OxiTop® device for 21days. The reduction of biological oxygen demand depended on the IBP concentration and varied in the range from 321 to 107mg O2/L. Massive DNA sequencing analysis of the activated sludge revealed that Proteobacteria became more dominant when grown in the presence of IBP. Microbial diversity was reduced in the presence of 500-1000mg/L IBP, but increased again in the presence of 5000mg/L IBP, despite the domination of Enterobacteriales (48.1%) in this sample. Incubation of activated sludge in the presence of 1000mg/L IBP led to an increased occurrence of ciprofloxacin-resistant bacteria. The use of Eosin Methylene Blue Agar for disc diffusion assay was shown to be more appropriate in order to reveal the changes in antibiotic resistance. The predominance of Enterobacteriales in the activated sludge is suggested as one of the possible explanations of the enhanced resistance to ciprofloxacin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madars Davids
- Institute of Microbiology & Biotechnology, University of Latvia, Jelgavas Str. 1, Riga LV-1004, Latvia
| | - Dita Gudra
- Latvian Biomedical Research and Study Centre, Ratsupites Str. 1, Riga LV-1067, Latvia
| | | | - Davids Fridmanis
- Latvian Biomedical Research and Study Centre, Ratsupites Str. 1, Riga LV-1067, Latvia
| | - Vadims Bartkevics
- Faculty of Chemistry, University of Latvia, Jelgavas Str. 1, Riga LV-1004, Latvia
| | - Olga Muter
- Institute of Microbiology & Biotechnology, University of Latvia, Jelgavas Str. 1, Riga LV-1004, Latvia.
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39
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Burns EE, Thomas-Oates J, Kolpin DW, Furlong ET, Boxall ABA. Are exposure predictions, used for the prioritization of pharmaceuticals in the environment, fit for purpose? ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY 2017; 36:2823-2832. [PMID: 28477358 DOI: 10.1002/etc.3842] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2016] [Revised: 12/17/2016] [Accepted: 04/26/2017] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Prioritization methodologies are often used for identifying those pharmaceuticals that pose the greatest risk to the natural environment and to focus laboratory testing or environmental monitoring toward pharmaceuticals of greatest concern. Risk-based prioritization approaches, employing models to derive exposure concentrations, are commonly used, but the reliability of these models is unclear. The present study evaluated the accuracy of exposure models commonly used for pharmaceutical prioritization. Targeted monitoring was conducted for 95 pharmaceuticals in the Rivers Foss and Ouse in the City of York (UK). Predicted environmental concentration (PEC) ranges were estimated based on localized prescription, hydrological data, reported metabolism, and wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) removal rates, and were compared with measured environmental concentrations (MECs). For the River Foss, PECs, obtained using highest metabolism and lowest WWTP removal, were similar to MECs. In contrast, this trend was not observed for the River Ouse, possibly because of pharmaceutical inputs unaccounted for by our modeling. Pharmaceuticals were ranked by risk based on either MECs or PECs. With 2 exceptions (dextromethorphan and diphenhydramine), risk ranking based on both MECs and PECs produced similar results in the River Foss. Overall, these findings indicate that PECs may well be appropriate for prioritization of pharmaceuticals in the environment when robust and local data on the system of interest are available and reflective of most source inputs. Environ Toxicol Chem 2017;36:2823-2832. © 2017 SETAC.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Edward T Furlong
- National Water Quality Laboratory, US Geological Survey, Denver, Colorado, USA
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40
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Zhou L, Wang Q, Zhang Y, Ji Y, Yang X. Aquatic photolysis of β2-agonist salbutamol: kinetics and mechanism studies. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2017; 24:5544-5553. [PMID: 28028708 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-016-8207-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2016] [Accepted: 12/05/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Salbutamol (SAL) has been widely used as medicine both in treating asthma and in animal primary production; an increasing number of reports have detected SAL in natural waters. The photolysis kinetic and pathway of SAL in aquatic system were studied, as well as the effect of several natural water constituents, such as nitrate, dissolved oxygen (DO) and ferric ions. According to our research, the direct photolysis of SAL followed pseudo-first-order reaction kinetics. Alkaline condition could promote the degradation of SAL; the increase of solution pH would simultaneously increase the fraction of the deprotonated forms of SAL (including the deprotonated and zwitterionic species), which were easier to be excited, and result in the bathochromic shift of the UV-Vis spectrum and, finally, accelerate the degradation rate of SAL. The presence of nitrate could enhance the removal rate of SAL via generation hydroxyl radical (·OH) under irradiation. In addition, the absence of oxygen in the reaction solution could decrease the photolysis. Moreover, Fe(III) was able to chelate with SAL to form an octahedral complex, which was photochemically reactive. The octahedral complex could generate ·OH to oxidize SAL itself in turn. The pathways of SAL photolysis were also investigated by means of the solid phase extraction (SPE)-LC-MS method. The major pathways of SAL photodegradation included oxidation and side-chain cleavage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, People's Republic of China.
- Univ Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, IRCELYON, 69626, Villeurbanne, France.
| | - Qi Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, People's Republic of China
| | - Ya Zhang
- Nanjing Institute of Environmental Sciences, Ministry of Environmental Protection of the People's Republic of China, Nanjing, 210042, China
| | - Yuefei Ji
- College of Resources and Environmental Science, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, People's Republic of China
| | - Xi Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, People's Republic of China.
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41
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Kay P, Hughes SR, Ault JR, Ashcroft AE, Brown LE. Widespread, routine occurrence of pharmaceuticals in sewage effluent, combined sewer overflows and receiving waters. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2017; 220:1447-1455. [PMID: 27829513 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2016.10.087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2016] [Revised: 10/27/2016] [Accepted: 10/28/2016] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Research addressing the occurrence, fate and effects of pharmaceuticals in the aquatic environment has expanded rapidly over the past two decades, primarily due to the development of improved chemical analysis methods. Significant research gaps still remain, however, including a lack of longer term, repeated monitoring of rivers, determination of temporal and spatial changes in pharmaceutical concentrations, and inputs from sources other than wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs), such as combined sewer overflows (CSOs). In addressing these gaps it was found that the five pharmaceuticals studied were routinely (51-94% of the time) present in effluents and receiving waters at concentrations ranging from single ng to μg L-1. Mean concentrations were in the tens to hundreds ng L-1 range and CSOs appear to be a significant source of pharmaceuticals to water courses in addition to WWTPs. Receiving water concentrations varied throughout the day although there were no pronounced peaks at particular times. Similarly, concentrations varied throughout the year although no consistent patterns were observed. No dissipation of the study compounds was found over a 5 km length of river despite no other known inputs to the river. In conclusion, pharmaceuticals are routinely present in semi-rural and urban rivers and require management alongside more traditional pollutants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul Kay
- School of Geography/water@leeds, University of Leeds, Leeds, West Yorkshire, LS2 9JT, UK.
| | - Stephen R Hughes
- School of Geography/water@leeds, University of Leeds, Leeds, West Yorkshire, LS2 9JT, UK
| | - James R Ault
- School of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of Leeds, Leeds, West Yorkshire, LS2 9JT, UK
| | - Alison E Ashcroft
- School of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of Leeds, Leeds, West Yorkshire, LS2 9JT, UK
| | - Lee E Brown
- School of Geography/water@leeds, University of Leeds, Leeds, West Yorkshire, LS2 9JT, UK
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42
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Munari M, Chemello G, Finos L, Ingrosso G, Giani M, Marin MG. Coping with seawater acidification and the emerging contaminant diclofenac at the larval stage: A tale from the clam Ruditapes philippinarum. CHEMOSPHERE 2016; 160:293-302. [PMID: 27391052 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2016.06.095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2016] [Revised: 06/10/2016] [Accepted: 06/25/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Seawater acidification could alter the susceptibility of marine organisms to emerging contaminants, such as pharmaceuticals. In this study, the combined effects of seawater acidification and the non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug diclofenac on survival, growth and oxidative stress-related parameters (catalase activity and lipid peroxidation) in the larvae of the Manila clam Ruditapes philippinarum were investigated for the first time. An experimental flow-through system was set up to carry out a 96-h exposure of clam larvae. Two pH levels (pH 8.0, the control, and pH 7.8, the predicted pH by the end of this century) were tested with and without diclofenac (0.5 μg/L). After 4 days, mortality was dramatically higher under reduced pH, particularly in the presence of diclofenac (62% of the larvae dead). Shell morphology was negatively affected by both acidification and diclofenac from the first day of exposure. The percentage of abnormal larvae was always higher at pH 7.8 than in controls, peaking at 98% in the presence of diclofenac after 96 h. Instead, shell length, shell height or the ratio of these values were only negatively influenced by reduced pH throughout the whole experiment. After 96 h, catalase activity was significantly increased in all larvae kept at pH 7.8, whereas no significant difference in lipid peroxidation was found among the treatments. This study demonstrates a high susceptibility of R. philippinarum larvae to a slight reduction in seawater pH. Furthermore, the results obtained highlight that acidification enhances the sensitivity of clam larvae to environmentally relevant concentrations of diclofenac.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Munari
- Department of Biology, University of Padova, Via Ugo Bassi 58/B, 35131 Padova, Italy.
| | - Giulia Chemello
- Department of Biology, University of Padova, Via Ugo Bassi 58/B, 35131 Padova, Italy
| | - Livio Finos
- Department of Developmental Psychology and Socialisation, University of Padova, Via Venezia, 8, 35131 Padova, Italy
| | - Gianmarco Ingrosso
- Istituto Nazionale di Oceanografia e Geofisica Sperimentale, Sezione di Oceanografia, Via A. Piccard 54, 34151 S. Croce (TS), Italy
| | - Michele Giani
- Istituto Nazionale di Oceanografia e Geofisica Sperimentale, Sezione di Oceanografia, Via A. Piccard 54, 34151 S. Croce (TS), Italy
| | - Maria G Marin
- Department of Biology, University of Padova, Via Ugo Bassi 58/B, 35131 Padova, Italy
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43
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Berczyński P, Kładna A, Kruk I, Aboul-Enein HY. Radical-scavenging activity of penicillin G, ampicillin, oxacillin, and dicloxacillin. LUMINESCENCE 2016; 32:434-442. [DOI: 10.1002/bio.3199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2016] [Revised: 05/18/2016] [Accepted: 07/11/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Paweł Berczyński
- Institute of Physics, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering and Mechatronics; West Pomeranian University of Technology in Szczecin; Al. Piastów 48/49 70-311 Szczecin Poland
| | - Aleksandra Kładna
- Department of History of Medicine and Medical Ethics; Pomeranian Medical University; Rybacka 1 70-204 Szczecin Poland
| | - Irena Kruk
- Institute of Physics, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering and Mechatronics; West Pomeranian University of Technology in Szczecin; Al. Piastów 48/49 70-311 Szczecin Poland
| | - Hassan Y. Aboul-Enein
- Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry Department, Pharmaceutical and Drug Industries Research Division; National Research Centre; Dokki Giza 12622 Egypt
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Azaari H, Chahboune R, El Azzouzi M, Sarakha M. Elucidation of oxidized products of Chloridazon in advanced oxidation processes using a liquid chromatography/negative electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometric technique. RAPID COMMUNICATIONS IN MASS SPECTROMETRY : RCM 2016; 30:1145-1152. [PMID: 27060843 DOI: 10.1002/rcm.7541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2015] [Revised: 02/16/2016] [Accepted: 02/16/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
RATIONALE 5-Amino-4-chloro-2-phenyl-3(2H)-pyridazone (Chloridazon) is an important systemic herbicide; its transformation by different Advanced Oxidation Processes could result in the formation of different and complex products. These products, that need to be identified, may present a more toxic effect than the parent compound. METHODS The exact and unequivocal structural characterization of the detected by-products of Chloridazon was performed by in-depth analysis of the liquid chromatography/negative electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometric (LC/ESI+/MS(2) ) fragmentation. Such a technique is a powerful and sensitive analytical tool to study environmental issues. The reactive radicals that induce the degradation of Chloridazon were generated by selective excitation of titanium dioxide as photocatalyst and also by UV photolysis of hydrogen peroxide. RESULTS Several processes are initiated by hydroxyl radical reaction with Chloridazon. Among them (i) hydroxylation of the phenyl group at the ortho, meta and para positions; (ii) a second hydroxylation process as a secondary reaction is also obtained within the phenyl moiety; (iii) scission of the phenyl-N bond through a hydrolysis process; and (iv) a substitution of the chlorine atom by a hydroxyl group. CONCLUSIONS LC/ESI-Q-TOFMS appeared to be a valuable and precise tool for structural elucidation of the unknown by-products that were generated during hydroxyl radical reactions with Chloridazon. Several hydroxylated and dihydroxylated isomers were identified together with dechlorinated and bridge opening products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hakima Azaari
- Faculté des Sciences, University Mohammed V, BP 1014, Rabat, Morocco
| | - Rajae Chahboune
- Institut de Chimie de Clermont-Ferrand (ICCF), Equipe Photochimie, Clermont Université, Université Blaise Pascal, BP 10448, F-63000, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | | | - Mohamed Sarakha
- Institut de Chimie de Clermont-Ferrand (ICCF), Equipe Photochimie, Clermont Université, Université Blaise Pascal, BP 10448, F-63000, Clermont-Ferrand, France
- Photochemistry team, CNRS, ICCF UMR 6296, BP 80026, F-63171, Aubière, France
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45
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Massoud MA, Chami G, Al-Hindi M, Alameddine I. Assessment of Household Disposal of Pharmaceuticals in Lebanon: Management Options to Protect Water Quality and Public Health. ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2016; 57:1125-37. [PMID: 26847599 DOI: 10.1007/s00267-016-0666-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2015] [Accepted: 01/22/2016] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Pharmaceuticals comprise an extensive group of compounds whose release into the environment has potential adverse impacts on human health and aquatic ecosystems. In many developing countries the extent of the problem and the occurrence of pharmaceuticals in water bodies are generally unknown. While thousands of tons of pharmaceutical substances are used annually, little information is known about their final fate after their intended use. This paper focuses on better understanding the management of human-use pharmaceutical wastes generated at the residential level within the Administrative Beirut Area. A survey encompassing 300 households was conducted. Results revealed that the majority of respondents were found to dispose of their unwanted medications, mainly through the domestic solid waste stream. Willingness to participate in a future collection program was found to be a function of age, medical expenditure, and the respondents' views towards awareness and the importance of establishing a collection system for pharmaceutical wastes. Respondents who stated a willingness to participate in a collection program and/or those who believed in the need for awareness programs on the dangers of improper medical waste disposal tended to favor more collection programs managed by the government as compared to a program run by pharmacies or to the act of re-gifting medication to people in need. Ultimately, collaboration and coordination between concerned stakeholders are essential for developing a successful national collection plan.
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Affiliation(s)
- May A Massoud
- Department of Environmental Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, American University of Beirut, P.O. Box 11-0236, Riad el Solh, Beirut, 1107 2020, Lebanon.
| | - Ghida Chami
- Department of Environmental Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, American University of Beirut, P.O. Box 11-0236, Riad el Solh, Beirut, 1107 2020, Lebanon
| | - Mahmoud Al-Hindi
- Chemical Engineering Program, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Ibrahim Alameddine
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Architecture, American University of Beirut, P.O. Box 11-0236, Riad el Solh, Beirut, 1107 2020, Lebanon.
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46
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Saunders LJ, Mazumder A, Lowe CJ. Pharmaceutical concentrations in screened municipal wastewaters in Victoria, British Columbia: A comparison with prescription rates and predicted concentrations. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY 2016; 35:919-929. [PMID: 26363402 DOI: 10.1002/etc.3241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2015] [Revised: 05/28/2015] [Accepted: 09/10/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Pharmaceuticals and personal care products (PPCPs) are emerging chemicals of concern detected in surface waters globally. Recent reviews advocate that PPCP occurrence, fate, and exposure need to be better predicted and characterized. The use of pharmaceutical prescription rates to estimate PPCP concentrations in the environment has been suggested. Concentrations of 7 pharmaceuticals (acetylsalicylic acid, diclofenac, fenoprofen, gemfibrozil, ibuprofen, ketoprofen, and naproxen) were measured in municipal wastewater using gas chromatography/ion trap-tandem mass spectroscopy (GC/IT-MS/MS). Subregional pharmaceutical prescription data were investigated to determine whether they could predict measured effluent concentrations (MECs) in wastewaters. Predicted effluent concentrations (PECs) for 5 of the 7 pharmaceuticals were within 2-fold agreement of the MECs when the fraction of parent pharmaceutical excreted was not considered. When the fraction of parent pharmaceutical excreted was considered, the respective PECs decreased, and most were within an order of magnitude of the MECs. Regression relationships of monthly PECs versus MECs were statistically significant (p < 0.05) but weak (R(2) = 0.18-0.56) for all pharmaceuticals except ketoprofen. This suggests high variability in the data and may be the result of factors influencing MECs such as the analytical methods used, wastewater sampling frequency, and methodology. The PECs were based solely on prescription rates and did not account for inputs of pharmaceuticals that had a significant over-the-counter component or were from other sources (e.g., hospitals).
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Affiliation(s)
- Leslie J Saunders
- Department of Biological Sciences, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Asit Mazumder
- Water and Aquatic Sciences Research Program, Department of Biology, University of Victoria, Victoria, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Christopher J Lowe
- Water and Aquatic Sciences Research Program, Department of Biology, University of Victoria, Victoria, British Columbia, Canada
- Capital Regional District, Victoria, British Columbia, Canada
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47
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Photocatalytic removal of tetracycline using TiO2/Ge composite optimized by response surface methodology (RSM). J IND ENG CHEM 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jiec.2016.02.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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48
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Minguez L, Pedelucq J, Farcy E, Ballandonne C, Budzinski H, Halm-Lemeille MP. Toxicities of 48 pharmaceuticals and their freshwater and marine environmental assessment in northwestern France. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2016; 23:4992-5001. [PMID: 25292303 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-014-3662-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 131] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2014] [Accepted: 09/25/2014] [Indexed: 04/15/2023]
Abstract
A risk assessment for freshwater and marine ecosystems is presented for 48 pharmaceutical compounds, belonging to 16 therapeutic classes, and prescribed in northwestern France. Ecotoxicity data were obtained on two freshwater organisms, i.e., crustacean Daphnia magna and the green algae Pseudokirchneriella subcapitata, and on two marine organisms, i.e., the crustacean Artemia salina and the diatom Skeletonema marinoi. Measured environmental concentrations (MEC), in the Orne River and sea off Merville-Franceville in the Basse-Normandie region, were compared to the predicted environmental concentrations (PEC). Predicted no-effect concentrations (PNEC) were derived from acute data for each compound. Then, a risk assessment for each compound and the mixture was performed by calculating risk quotients (RQ as PEC or MEC/PNEC ratio). Results showed that no immediate acute toxicities were expected even if some compounds displayed strong toxicities at very low concentrations. Antibiotics, antidepressants, and antifungals would deserve attention because of their high or median ecological risk suspected on marine and freshwater ecosystems. Marine ecosystems would be more sensitive to pharmaceutical residues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laetitia Minguez
- UMR BOREA (Biologie des ORganismes et Ecosystèmes Aquatiques), CNRS-7208/MNHN/UPMC/IRD-207/UCBN, Esplanade de la Paix, 14032, Caen Cedex, France.
- CERMN, UFR des Sciences Pharmaceutiques, UPRES EA4258 - FR CNRS INC3M - SF 4206 ICORE, Université de Caen Basse-Normandie, Bd Becquerel, 14032, Caen Cedex, France.
| | - Julie Pedelucq
- EPOC (Environnements et Paléoenvironnements Océaniques et Continentaux), UMR 5805 CNRS, Laboratoire de Physico- et Toxico-Chimie de l'Environnement (LPTC), 351 crs de la Libération, 33405, Talence, France
| | - Emilie Farcy
- UMR BOREA (Biologie des ORganismes et Ecosystèmes Aquatiques), CNRS-7208/MNHN/UPMC/IRD-207/UCBN, Esplanade de la Paix, 14032, Caen Cedex, France
- CERMN, UFR des Sciences Pharmaceutiques, UPRES EA4258 - FR CNRS INC3M - SF 4206 ICORE, Université de Caen Basse-Normandie, Bd Becquerel, 14032, Caen Cedex, France
- Laboratoire Ecologie des Systèmes Marins Côtiers (ECOSYM), Université de Montpellier 2, UMR 5119, 34095, Montpellier, France
| | - Céline Ballandonne
- CERMN, UFR des Sciences Pharmaceutiques, UPRES EA4258 - FR CNRS INC3M - SF 4206 ICORE, Université de Caen Basse-Normandie, Bd Becquerel, 14032, Caen Cedex, France
| | - Hélène Budzinski
- EPOC (Environnements et Paléoenvironnements Océaniques et Continentaux), UMR 5805 CNRS, Laboratoire de Physico- et Toxico-Chimie de l'Environnement (LPTC), 351 crs de la Libération, 33405, Talence, France
| | - Marie-Pierre Halm-Lemeille
- CERMN, UFR des Sciences Pharmaceutiques, UPRES EA4258 - FR CNRS INC3M - SF 4206 ICORE, Université de Caen Basse-Normandie, Bd Becquerel, 14032, Caen Cedex, France
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Tran NH, Gin KYH, Ngo HH. Fecal pollution source tracking toolbox for identification, evaluation and characterization of fecal contamination in receiving urban surface waters and groundwater. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2015; 538:38-57. [PMID: 26298247 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2015.07.155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2015] [Revised: 07/31/2015] [Accepted: 07/31/2015] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
The quality of surface waters/groundwater of a geographical region can be affected by anthropogenic activities, land use patterns and fecal pollution sources from humans and animals. Therefore, the development of an efficient fecal pollution source tracking toolbox for identifying the origin of the fecal pollution sources in surface waters/groundwater is especially helpful for improving management efforts and remediation actions of water resources in a more cost-effective and efficient manner. This review summarizes the updated knowledge on the use of fecal pollution source tracking markers for detecting, evaluating and characterizing fecal pollution sources in receiving surface waters and groundwater. The suitability of using chemical markers (i.e. fecal sterols, fluorescent whitening agents, pharmaceuticals and personal care products, and artificial sweeteners) and/or microbial markers (e.g. F+RNA coliphages, enteric viruses, and host-specific anaerobic bacterial 16S rDNA genetic markers) for tracking fecal pollution sources in receiving water bodies is discussed. In addition, this review also provides a comprehensive approach, which is based on the detection ratios (DR), detection frequencies (DF), and fate of potential microbial and chemical markers. DR and DF are considered as the key criteria for selecting appropriate markers for identifying and evaluating the impacts of fecal contamination in surface waters/groundwater.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ngoc Han Tran
- NUS Environmental Research Institute, National University of Singapore, T-Lab Building, #02-01, 5A Engineering Drive 1, 117411, Singapore.
| | - Karina Yew-Hoong Gin
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, National University of Singapore, 1 Engineering Drive 2, 117576, Singapore.
| | - Huu Hao Ngo
- School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Technology Sydney, PO Box 123, Broadway, NSW 2007, Australia.
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Kyzas GZ, Koltsakidou A, Nanaki SG, Bikiaris DN, Lambropoulou DA. Removal of beta-blockers from aqueous media by adsorption onto graphene oxide. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2015; 537:411-20. [PMID: 26282775 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2015.07.144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2015] [Revised: 07/28/2015] [Accepted: 07/29/2015] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
The aim of the present study is the evaluation of graphene oxide (GhO) as adsorbent material for the removal of beta-blockers (pharmaceutical compounds) in aqueous solutions. The composition and morphology of prepared materials were characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR). Atenolol (ATL) and propranolol (PRO) were used as model drug molecules and their behavior were investigated in terms of GhO dosage, contact time, temperature and pH. Adsorption mechanisms were proposed and the pH-effect curves after adsorption were discussed. The kinetic behavior of GhO-drugs system was analyzed after fitting to pseudo-first and -second order equations. The adsorption equilibrium data were fitted to Langmuir, Freundlich and Langmuir-Freundlich model calculating the maximum adsorption capacity (67 and 116 mg/g for PRO and ATL (25 °C), respectively). The temperature effect on adsorption was tested carrying out the equilibrium adsorption experiments at three different temperatures (25, 45, 65 °C). Then, the thermodynamic parameters of enthalpy, free energy and entropy were calculated. Finally, the desorption of drugs from GhO was evaluated by using both aqueous eluants (pH2-10) and organic solvents.
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Affiliation(s)
- George Z Kyzas
- Laboratory of Polymer Chemistry and Technology, Department of Chemistry, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, GR-541 24 Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Anastasia Koltsakidou
- Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Control, Department of Chemistry, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, GR-541 24 Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Stavroula G Nanaki
- Laboratory of Polymer Chemistry and Technology, Department of Chemistry, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, GR-541 24 Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Dimitrios N Bikiaris
- Laboratory of Polymer Chemistry and Technology, Department of Chemistry, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, GR-541 24 Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Dimitra A Lambropoulou
- Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Control, Department of Chemistry, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, GR-541 24 Thessaloniki, Greece.
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