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Zhao B, Chen F, Yao Q, Lin M, Zhou K, Mi S, Pan H, Zhao X. Toxicity effects and mechanism of micro/nanoplastics and loaded conventional pollutants on zooplankton: An overview. MARINE ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2024; 198:106547. [PMID: 38739970 DOI: 10.1016/j.marenvres.2024.106547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2024] [Revised: 04/03/2024] [Accepted: 05/06/2024] [Indexed: 05/16/2024]
Abstract
Micro/nanoplastics in aquatic environments is a noteworthy environmental problem. Zooplankton, an important biological group in aquatic ecosystems, readily absorb micro/nanoplastics and produce a range of toxic endpoints due to their small size. This review summarises relevant studies on the effects of micro/nanoplastics on zooplankton, including combined effects with conventional pollutants. Frequently reported adverse effects include acute/chronic lethal effects, oxidative stress, gene expression, energetic homeostasis, and growth and reproduction. Obstruction by plastic entanglement and blockage is the physical mechanism. Genotoxicity and cytotoxicity are molecular mechanisms. Properties of micro/nanoplastics, octanol/water partition coefficients of conventional pollutants, species and intestinal environments are important factors influencing single and combined toxicity. Selecting a wider range of micro/nanoplastics, focusing on the aging process and conducting field studies, adopting diversified zooplankton models, and further advancing the study of mechanisms are the outstanding prospects for deeper understanding of impacts of micro/nanoplastics on aquatic ecosystem.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Zhao
- School of Resources and Civil Engineering, Northeastern University, Shenyang, 110819, China; School of Resources and Materials, Northeastern University at Qinhuangdao, Qinhuangdao, 066004, China.
| | - Fang Chen
- School of Resources and Civil Engineering, Northeastern University, Shenyang, 110819, China; School of Resources and Materials, Northeastern University at Qinhuangdao, Qinhuangdao, 066004, China.
| | - Qiang Yao
- Ocean College, Hebei Agriculture University, Qinhuangdao, 066004, China.
| | - Manfeng Lin
- School of Resources and Civil Engineering, Northeastern University, Shenyang, 110819, China; School of Resources and Materials, Northeastern University at Qinhuangdao, Qinhuangdao, 066004, China.
| | - Kexin Zhou
- School of Resources and Civil Engineering, Northeastern University, Shenyang, 110819, China; School of Resources and Materials, Northeastern University at Qinhuangdao, Qinhuangdao, 066004, China.
| | - Shican Mi
- School of Resources and Civil Engineering, Northeastern University, Shenyang, 110819, China; School of Resources and Materials, Northeastern University at Qinhuangdao, Qinhuangdao, 066004, China.
| | - Haixia Pan
- School of Resources and Civil Engineering, Northeastern University, Shenyang, 110819, China; School of Resources and Materials, Northeastern University at Qinhuangdao, Qinhuangdao, 066004, China.
| | - Xin Zhao
- School of Resources and Civil Engineering, Northeastern University, Shenyang, 110819, China.
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Volz SN, Poulsen R, Hansen M, Holbech H. Bisphenol A alters retinal morphology, visually guided behavior, and thyroid hormone levels in zebrafish larvae. CHEMOSPHERE 2024; 348:140776. [PMID: 38000552 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2023.140776] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2023] [Revised: 11/12/2023] [Accepted: 11/19/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023]
Abstract
Bisphenols are industrial chemicals that are produced in large quantities and have been detected in all parts of the environment as well as in a multitude of different organisms including humans and fish. Several bisphenols, such as bisphenol A (BPA) and bisphenol F, have been shown to disrupt endocrine systems thereby affecting development and reproduction. While numerous studies investigated the effect of bisphenols on estrogen signaling, their impact on the thyroid hormone system (THS), which is vital for neurodevelopment including sensory development, has been explored to a lesser extent. The present work selected BPA as a representative for structurally similar bisphenols and assessed its impact on the THS as well as sensory development and function in zebrafish. To this end, zebrafish were exposed to BPA until up to 8 days post fertilization (dpf) and thyroid hormone levels, eye morphology, and sensory-mediated behaviors were analyzed. Zebrafish larvae exposed to BPA showed altered retinal layering, decreased motility across varying light conditions, and a loss of responsiveness to red light. Furthermore, whole-body levels of the thyroid hormones thyroxine (T4) and 3,5-diiodothyronine (3,5-T2) were significantly decreased in 5 dpf zebrafish. Taken together, BPA disrupted THS homeostasis and compromised visual development and function, which is pivotal for the survival of fish larvae. This work underlines the necessity for ongoing research on BPA and its numerous substitutes, particularly concerning their effects on the THS and neurodevelopment, to ensure a high level of protection for the environment and human health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sina N Volz
- Department of Biology, University of Southern Denmark, Campusvej 55, 5230, Odense M, Denmark.
| | - Rikke Poulsen
- Department of Environmental Science, University of Aarhus, Frederiksborgvej 399, 4000, Roskilde, Denmark.
| | - Martin Hansen
- Department of Environmental Science, University of Aarhus, Frederiksborgvej 399, 4000, Roskilde, Denmark.
| | - Henrik Holbech
- Department of Biology, University of Southern Denmark, Campusvej 55, 5230, Odense M, Denmark.
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3
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Yuan M, Zeng C, Lu H, Yue Y, Sun T, Zhou X, Li G, Ai N, Ge W. Genetic and Epigenetic Evidence for Nonestrogenic Disruption of Otolith Development by Bisphenol A in Zebrafish. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2023; 57:16190-16205. [PMID: 37752410 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.3c04336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/28/2023]
Abstract
Bisphenol A (BPA) is a well-known endocrine-disrupting chemical (EDC) that has estrogenic activities. In addition to disrupting reproductive development and function via estrogenic signaling pathways, BPA can also interfere with nonreproductive functions through nonestrogenic pathways; however, the mechanisms underlying such nonestrogenic activities are not well understood. In this study, we demonstrated that BPA could disrupt otolith formation during the early development of zebrafish with long-lasting ethological effects. Using multiple mutants of estrogen receptors, we provided strong genetic evidence that the BPA-induced otolith malformation was independent of estrogen signaling. Transcriptome analysis revealed that two genes related to otolith development, otopetrin 1 (otop1) and starmaker (stm), decreased their expression significantly after BPA exposure. Knockout of both otop1 and stm genes could phenocopy the BPA-induced otolith malformation, while microinjection of their mRNAs could rescue the BPA-induced abnormalities of otolith formation. Further experiments showed that BPA inhibited the expression of otop1 and stm by activating the MEK/ERK-EZH2-H3K27me3 signaling pathway. Taken together, our study provided comprehensive genetic and molecular evidence that BPA induced the otolith malformation through nonestrogenic pathway during zebrafish early development and its activities involved epigenetic control of key genes (e.g., otop1 and stm) participating in otolith formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingzhe Yuan
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Taipa 999078, Macau, China
- Centre of Reproduction, Development and Aging (CRDA), Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Taipa 999078, Macau, China
| | - Chu Zeng
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Taipa 999078, Macau, China
- Centre of Reproduction, Development and Aging (CRDA), Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Taipa 999078, Macau, China
| | - Huijie Lu
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Taipa 999078, Macau, China
- Centre of Reproduction, Development and Aging (CRDA), Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Taipa 999078, Macau, China
| | - Yiming Yue
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Taipa 999078, Macau, China
- Centre of Reproduction, Development and Aging (CRDA), Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Taipa 999078, Macau, China
| | - Ting Sun
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Taipa 999078, Macau, China
| | - Xianqing Zhou
- Department of Toxicology and Hygienic Chemistry, School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China
| | - Gang Li
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Taipa 999078, Macau, China
| | - Nana Ai
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Taipa 999078, Macau, China
- Centre of Reproduction, Development and Aging (CRDA), Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Taipa 999078, Macau, China
| | - Wei Ge
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Taipa 999078, Macau, China
- Centre of Reproduction, Development and Aging (CRDA), Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Taipa 999078, Macau, China
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Wang Y, Liu Y, Peng J, Wang H. Regulation mechanisms underlying tail resorption in Bufo gargarizans metamorphosis. COMPARATIVE BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY. PART D, GENOMICS & PROTEOMICS 2023; 47:101113. [PMID: 37517282 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbd.2023.101113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2023] [Revised: 07/19/2023] [Accepted: 07/21/2023] [Indexed: 08/01/2023]
Abstract
Anurans have been excellent organisms for studying amphibian metamorphosis. Tail resorption is a remarkable event that occurs during amphibian metamorphosis. Although tail resorption has been previously studied in other anurans like Xenopus laevis and Rana chensinensis, there is no report on Bufo gargarizans. This paper thus explored the mechanism of tail resorption during metamorphosis in Bufo gargarizans tadpoles through some biological research methods. Histological results showed that the tail tissues of tadpoles gradually degraded as metamorphosis progressed. RNA sequencing analysis was performed to examine the expression level and functional enrichment of differentially expressed genes in the tail. In addition, we analyzed the mRNA expression levels of genes related to tail resorption by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction. We also speculated on three pathways that participate in the regulation of tail resorption based on the above results. The present study might provide a theoretical basis and novel insights for further research of complex molecular mechanisms of tail resorption in amphibians.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaxi Wang
- College of Life Science, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an 710119, People's Republic of China
| | - Ying Liu
- College of Life Science, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an 710119, People's Republic of China
| | - Jufang Peng
- Basic Experimental Teaching Center, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an 710119, People's Republic of China
| | - Hongyuan Wang
- College of Life Science, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an 710119, People's Republic of China.
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Yuan M, Chen S, Zeng C, Fan Y, Ge W, Chen W. Estrogenic and non-estrogenic effects of bisphenol A and its action mechanism in the zebrafish model: An overview of the past two decades of work. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2023; 176:107976. [PMID: 37236126 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2023.107976] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2023] [Revised: 04/11/2023] [Accepted: 05/10/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Bisphenol A (BPA) is the most simple and predominant component of the Bisphenol family. BPA is widely present in the environment and the human body as a result of its extensive usage in the plastic and epoxy resins of consumer goods like water bottles, food containers, and tableware. Since the 1930s, when BPA's estrogenic activity was first observed, and it was labeled as a "mimic hormone of E2", studies on the endocrine-disrupting effects of BPA then have been widely conducted. As a top vertebrate model for genetic and developmental studies, the zebrafish has caught tremendous attention in the past two decades. By using the zebrafish, the negative effects of BPA either through estrogenic signaling pathways or non-estrogenic signaling pathways were largely found. In this review, we tried to draw a full picture of the current state of knowledge on the estrogenic and non-estrogenic effects of BPA with their mechanisms of action through the zebrafish model of the past two decades, which may help to fully understand the endocrine-disrupting effects of BPA and its action mechanism, and give a direction for the future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingzhe Yuan
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Centre of Reproduction, Development and Aging (CRDA), Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Taipa, Macau, China
| | - Shan Chen
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, School of Marine Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China
| | - Chu Zeng
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Centre of Reproduction, Development and Aging (CRDA), Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Taipa, Macau, China
| | - Yuqin Fan
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Conservation and Precision Utilization of Characteristic Agricultural Resources in Mountainous Area, School of Life Sciences, Jiaying University, Meizhou 514015, China
| | - Wei Ge
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Centre of Reproduction, Development and Aging (CRDA), Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Taipa, Macau, China.
| | - Weiting Chen
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Conservation and Precision Utilization of Characteristic Agricultural Resources in Mountainous Area, School of Life Sciences, Jiaying University, Meizhou 514015, China.
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6
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Yuan S, Du X, Liu H, Guo X, Zhang B, Wang Y, Wang B, Zhang H, Guo H. Association between bisphenol A exposure and thyroid dysfunction in adults: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Toxicol Ind Health 2023; 39:188-203. [PMID: 36772983 DOI: 10.1177/07482337231156284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/12/2023]
Abstract
The occurrence of thyroid dysfunction is affected by environmental factors, and BPA is a ubiquitous environmental pollutant with the potential to cause thyroid dysfunction. However, the limited epidemiological evidence shows an inconsistent association between BPA exposure and thyroid dysfunction. Therefore, the literature on the impact of BPA on thyroid was sorted and analyzed to study the relationship between BPA and adult thyroid function. The studies published on or before 23rd May 2022 from PubMed, Web of Science, and Scopus were collected analyzing the association between BPA exposure and the levels of thyroid hormones. The methodological quality of each study was assessed, the sensitivity analysis and subgroup analysis based on study population and gender were also performed, and publication bias was evaluated. A total of 2969 literature studies were retrieved. Based on inclusion and exclusion criteria, eleven studies were included. Our results showed that BPA concentration was negatively correlated with FT4 and TSH in males. Pooled correlation coefficients between BPA and FT4/TSH were -0.027 (95%CI = -0.030∼-0.024) and -0.058 (95%CI = -0.111∼-0.004). BPA concentration was positively correlated with FT4 in females, and the pooled correlation coefficient was 0.006 (95%CI = 0.003-0.008). The effects of BPA on thyroid hormone levels were significantly different between males and females. BPA may significantly decrease the levels of FT4 and TSH in males but increase the levels of FT4 in females. Considering the high heterogeneity among studies and the limited investigations into subgroups, the relationship between BPA exposure and thyroid dysfunction needs to be further investigated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shumeng Yuan
- College of Public Health, 12636Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Xingde Du
- College of Public Health, 12636Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Haohao Liu
- College of Public Health, 12636Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Xing Guo
- College of Public Health, 12636Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Bingyu Zhang
- College of Public Health, 12636Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Yongshui Wang
- College of Public Health, 12636Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Bingqian Wang
- College of Public Health, 12636Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Huizhen Zhang
- College of Public Health, 12636Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Hongxiang Guo
- College of Life Sciences, 70573Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, China
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Chen H, Zhong K, Zhang Y, Xie L, Chen P. Bisphenol A Interferes with Redox Balance and the Nrf2 Signaling Pathway in Xenopus tropicalis during Embryonic Development. Animals (Basel) 2022; 12:ani12070937. [PMID: 35405925 PMCID: PMC8996838 DOI: 10.3390/ani12070937] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2022] [Revised: 04/05/2022] [Accepted: 04/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Toxicological studies of the effects of BPA on tropical clawed frog (Xenopus tropicalis) early embryos show that temporary exposure to BPA during early embryonic development can result in dramatic teratogenesis, DNA damage, and abnormal gene expression. The overall results of this study provide valuable insights for a more holistic assessment of the environmental risks related to BPA in aquatic ecosystems. Abstract Bisphenol A (BPA), an environmental estrogen, is widely used and largely released into the hydrosphere, thus inducing adverse effects in aquatic organisms. Here, Xenopus tropicalis was used as an animal model to investigate the oxidative effects of BPA on early embryonic development. BPA exposure prevalently caused development delay and shortened body length. Furthermore, BPA exposure significantly increased the levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and DNA damage in embryos. Thus, the details of BPA interference with antioxidant regulatory pathways during frog early embryonic development should be further explored.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongjun Chen
- College of Life and Environmental Science, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou 325035, China; (H.C.); (K.Z.); (Y.Z.)
| | - Keke Zhong
- College of Life and Environmental Science, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou 325035, China; (H.C.); (K.Z.); (Y.Z.)
| | - Yongpu Zhang
- College of Life and Environmental Science, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou 325035, China; (H.C.); (K.Z.); (Y.Z.)
| | - Lei Xie
- College of Life and Environmental Science, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou 325035, China; (H.C.); (K.Z.); (Y.Z.)
- Correspondence: (L.X.); (P.C.)
| | - Peichao Chen
- College of Life and Environmental Science, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou 325035, China; (H.C.); (K.Z.); (Y.Z.)
- Vincent Center for Reproductive Biology, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Harvard Medical School, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard University, Boston, MA 02114, USA
- Correspondence: (L.X.); (P.C.)
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Lee S, An KS, Kim HJ, Noh HJ, Lee J, Lee J, Song KS, Chae C, Ryu HY. Pharmacokinetics and toxicity evaluation following oral exposure to bisphenol F. Arch Toxicol 2022; 96:1711-1728. [PMID: 35376969 PMCID: PMC9095523 DOI: 10.1007/s00204-022-03246-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2021] [Accepted: 02/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Bisphenol F is a substitute material for bisphenol A and is widely used in household products as a raw material for polycarbonate resin, epoxy resin, and plastic reinforcement. It is known to be mainly used in food containers, thermal paper for receipts, and coatings for water pipes. In some countries, bisphenol F has been detected in drinking water and human urine samples. However, due to the lack of safety evaluation data on bisphenol F, it is difficult to establish appropriate guidelines for the proper use of the substance, and social anxiety is increasing accordingly. This study investigated the use, exposure route, and distribution flow of bisphenol F, a household chemical. To determine the no-observed-adverse-effect level (NOAEL) and target organ of bisphenol F after exposure, a single-dose oral toxicity, dose-range finding (28 day oral), repeated dose toxicity (90 day oral), and genotoxicity (reverse mutation, chromosomal abnormality, in vivo micronucleus test) tests were performed. The pharmacokinetic profile was also obtained. The test results are as follows: in the pharmacokinetic study, it was confirmed that single oral exposure to BPF resulted in systemic exposure; in single oral dose toxicity test, the approximate lethal dose was found to be 4000 mg/kg and confusion and convulsion was shown in the test animals; NOAEL was determined to be 2 mg/kg/day for male and 5 mg/kg/day for female, and the no-observed-effect level (NOEL) was determined to be 2 mg/kg/day for males and 1 mg/kg/day for females, and the target organ was the small intestine; genotoxicity tests confirmed that BPF does not induce genotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Somin Lee
- Bio Technology Division, GLP 2 Center, Korea Conformity Laboratories (KCL), 8, Gaetbeol-ro 145 beon-gil, Yeonsu-gu, Incheon, 21999, South Korea.,Department of Veterinary Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Kyu Sup An
- Bio Technology Division, GLP 2 Center, Korea Conformity Laboratories (KCL), 8, Gaetbeol-ro 145 beon-gil, Yeonsu-gu, Incheon, 21999, South Korea
| | - Hye Jin Kim
- Bio Technology Division, GLP 2 Center, Korea Conformity Laboratories (KCL), 8, Gaetbeol-ro 145 beon-gil, Yeonsu-gu, Incheon, 21999, South Korea
| | - Hye Jin Noh
- Bio Technology Division, GLP 2 Center, Korea Conformity Laboratories (KCL), 8, Gaetbeol-ro 145 beon-gil, Yeonsu-gu, Incheon, 21999, South Korea
| | - JaeWon Lee
- Bio Technology Division, GLP 2 Center, Korea Conformity Laboratories (KCL), 8, Gaetbeol-ro 145 beon-gil, Yeonsu-gu, Incheon, 21999, South Korea
| | - Jiho Lee
- Bio Technology Division, GLP 2 Center, Korea Conformity Laboratories (KCL), 8, Gaetbeol-ro 145 beon-gil, Yeonsu-gu, Incheon, 21999, South Korea
| | - Kyung Seuk Song
- Bio Technology Division, GLP 2 Center, Korea Conformity Laboratories (KCL), 8, Gaetbeol-ro 145 beon-gil, Yeonsu-gu, Incheon, 21999, South Korea
| | - Chanhee Chae
- Department of Veterinary Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Hyeon Yeol Ryu
- Bio Technology Division, GLP 2 Center, Korea Conformity Laboratories (KCL), 8, Gaetbeol-ro 145 beon-gil, Yeonsu-gu, Incheon, 21999, South Korea.
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Reyes YM, Robinson SA, De Silva AO, Brinovcar C, Trudeau VL. Exposure to the synthetic phenolic antioxidant 4,4'-thiobis(6-t-butyl-m-cresol) disrupts early development in the frog Silurana tropicalis. CHEMOSPHERE 2022; 291:132814. [PMID: 34774609 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2021.132814] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2021] [Revised: 11/01/2021] [Accepted: 11/04/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Many chemicals in commonly used household and industrial products are being released into the environment, yet their toxicity is poorly understood. The synthetic phenolic antioxidant, 4,4'-thiobis(6-t-butyl-m-cresol) (CAS 96-69-5; TBBC) is present in many common products made of rubber and plastic. Yet, this phenolic antioxidant has not been tested for potential toxicity and developmental disruption in amphibians, a sensitive and susceptible class. We investigated whether acute and chronic exposure to TBBC would interfere with thyroid hormone-dependent developmental processes in the frog Silurana tropicalis and thus affect its early life-stage development. We exposed S. tropicalis embryos at the Nieuwkoop-Faber (NF) 9-10 stage to TBBC at nominal concentrations (0, 25, 50, 75, 100, 200 and 400 μg/L) to determine the 96h lethal concentrations and sublethal effects. We conducted a chronic exposure starting at stage NF47-48 to three sublethal TBBC nominal concentrations (0, 0.002, 0.1 and 5 μg/L) for 48-52 days to evaluate effects on growth and metamorphosis. The 96h lethal and effective (malformations) TBBC concentrations (LC50 and EC50) were 70.5 and 76.5 μg/L, respectively. Acute exposure to all TBBC concentrations affected S. tropicalis growth and was lethal at 200 and 400 μg/L. Chronic exposure to sublethal TBBC concentrations reduced body size by 8% at 5 μg/L and body mass by 17% at 0.002 μg/L when metamorphosis was completed. This study demonstrates that TBBC is toxic, induces malformations and inhibits tadpole growth after acute and chronic exposures. These findings call for further investigations on the mode of actions of TBBC and related antioxidants for developmental disruption in amphibians.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yol Monica Reyes
- Department of Biology, University of Ottawa, 30 Marie-Curie Private, Ottawa, ON K1N 9B4, Canada.
| | - Stacey A Robinson
- Ecotoxicology and Wildlife Health Division, Wildlife and Landscape Science Directorate, Science and Technology Branch, Environment and Climate Change Canada, 1125 Colonel By Drive, Ottawa, Ontario, K1S 5B6, Canada.
| | - Amila O De Silva
- Aquatics Contaminants Research Division, Water Science and Technology Directorate, Science and Technology Branch, Environment and Climate Change Canada, 867 Lakeshore Rd, Burlington, Ontario, L7S 1A1, Canada.
| | - Cassandra Brinovcar
- Aquatics Contaminants Research Division, Water Science and Technology Directorate, Science and Technology Branch, Environment and Climate Change Canada, 867 Lakeshore Rd, Burlington, Ontario, L7S 1A1, Canada.
| | - Vance L Trudeau
- Department of Biology, University of Ottawa, 30 Marie-Curie Private, Ottawa, ON K1N 9B4, Canada.
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Sterner ZR, Buchholz DR. Glucocorticoid receptor mediates corticosterone-thyroid hormone synergy essential for metamorphosis in Xenopus tropicalis tadpoles. Gen Comp Endocrinol 2022; 315:113942. [PMID: 34767802 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygcen.2021.113942] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2021] [Revised: 10/21/2021] [Accepted: 11/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
In all vertebrates, thyroid hormone (TH) is critical for normal growth and development. In amphibians, corticosterone (CORT) has no action to advance development by itself but can accelerate development induced by TH. CORT accomplishes this acceleration by increasing tissue sensitivity and responsivity to TH. However, the receptor through which CORT acts to affect TH signaling is not known. To examine the role of the glucocorticoid receptor (GR), GR knockout tadpoles and wild-type tadpoles treated with the GR antagonist, RU486, were exposed to exogenous TH and/or CORT then assayed for gene expression and morphology. We found that levels of the response genes klf9 and thrb induced by TH and associated changes in morphology were decreased in GR knockout tadpoles compared to wild-type tadpoles, suggesting that GR signaling contributes to tissue responsivity to TH. To directly examine the role of GR in TH signaling, we co-treated tadpoles with TH and CORT and found that the TH response gene, thrb, was induced significantly beyond the level induced by TH alone in wild-type tadpoles but not in GR knockout tadpoles or wild-type tadpoles treated with RU486. Similarly, tail and gill resorption was greater in tadpoles treated with CORT plus TH compared to TH alone in wild-type tadpoles but not in tadpoles with impaired GR signaling. Surprisingly, even though GR knockout tadpoles die at metamorphosis, treatment with TH alone enabled their survival. These results demonstrate that signaling through GR is responsible for enhancing TH signaling and is essential for the completion of metamorphosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zachary R Sterner
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45221, United States
| | - Daniel R Buchholz
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45221, United States.
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11
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Evariste L, Mottier A, Pinelli E, Flahaut E, Gauthier L, Mouchet F. Graphene oxide and reduced graphene oxide promote the effects of exogenous T3 thyroid hormone in the amphibian Xenopus laevis. CHEMOSPHERE 2021; 281:130901. [PMID: 34023764 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2021.130901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2021] [Revised: 05/12/2021] [Accepted: 05/13/2021] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
The interest for graphene-based nanomaterials (GBMs) is growing worldwide as their properties allow the development of new innovative applications. In parallel, concerns are increasing about their potential adverse effects on the environment are increasing. The available data concerning the potential risk associated to exposure of aquatic organisms to these GBMs are still limited and little is known regarding their endocrine disruption potential. In the present study, the endocrine disruption potential of graphene oxide (GO) and reduced graphene oxide (rGO) was assessed using a T3-induced amphibian metamorphosis assay. The results indicated that GBMs potentiate the effects of exogenous T3 with a more marked effect of GO compared to rGO. T3 quantifications in the exposure media indicated adsorption of the hormone on GBMs, increasing its bioavailability for organisms because GBMs are accumulated in the gut and the gills of these amphibians. This study highlights that the tested GBMs do not disrupt the thyroid pathway in amphibians but indicates that adsorption properties of these nanomaterials may increase the bioavailability and the toxicity of other pollutants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lauris Evariste
- Laboratoire Ecologie Fonctionnelle et Environnement, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, INPT, UPS, Toulouse, France.
| | - Antoine Mottier
- Laboratoire Ecologie Fonctionnelle et Environnement, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, INPT, UPS, Toulouse, France
| | - Eric Pinelli
- Laboratoire Ecologie Fonctionnelle et Environnement, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, INPT, UPS, Toulouse, France
| | - Emmanuel Flahaut
- CIRIMAT, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, INPT, UPS, UMR CNRS-UPS-INP N°5085, Université Toulouse 3 Paul Sabatier, Bât. CIRIMAT, 118 Route de Narbonne, 31062, Toulouse Cedex 9, France
| | - Laury Gauthier
- Laboratoire Ecologie Fonctionnelle et Environnement, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, INPT, UPS, Toulouse, France
| | - Florence Mouchet
- Laboratoire Ecologie Fonctionnelle et Environnement, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, INPT, UPS, Toulouse, France
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12
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Olejnickova V, Kolesova H, Bartos M, Sedmera D, Gregorovicova M. The Tale-Tell Heart: Evolutionary tetrapod shift from aquatic to terrestrial life-style reflected in heart changes in axolotl (Ambystoma mexicanum). Dev Dyn 2021; 251:1004-1014. [PMID: 34423892 DOI: 10.1002/dvdy.413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2021] [Revised: 08/02/2021] [Accepted: 08/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND During amphibian metamorphosis, the crucial moment lies in the rearrangement of the heart, reflecting the changes in circulatory demands. However, little is known about the exact shifts linked with this rearrangement. Here, we demonstrate such myocardial changes in axolotl (Ambystoma mexicanum) from the morphological and physiological point of view. RESULTS Micro-CT and histological analysis showed changes in ventricular trabeculae organization, completion of the atrial septum and its connection to the atrioventricular valve. Based on Myosin Heavy Chain and Smooth Muscle Actin expression we distinguished metamorphosis-induced changes in myocardial differentiation at the ventricular trabeculae and atrioventricular canal. Using optical mapping, faster speed of conduction through the atrioventricular canal was demonstrated in metamorphic animals. No differences between the groups were observed in the heart rates, ventricular activation times, and activation patterns. CONCLUSIONS Transition from aquatic to terrestrial life-style is reflected in the heart morphology and function. Rebuilding of the axolotl heart during metamorphosis was connected with reorganization of ventricular trabeculae, completion of the atrial septum and its connection to the atrioventricular valve, and acceleration of AV conduction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Veronika Olejnickova
- First Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Anatomy, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic.,Department of Developmental Cardiology, Czech Academy of Sciences, Institute of Physiology, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Hana Kolesova
- First Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Anatomy, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic.,Department of Developmental Cardiology, Czech Academy of Sciences, Institute of Physiology, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Martin Bartos
- First Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Anatomy, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic.,First Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Dental Medicine, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - David Sedmera
- First Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Anatomy, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic.,Department of Developmental Cardiology, Czech Academy of Sciences, Institute of Physiology, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Martina Gregorovicova
- First Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Anatomy, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic.,Department of Developmental Cardiology, Czech Academy of Sciences, Institute of Physiology, Prague, Czech Republic
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13
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Zoeller RT. Endocrine disrupting chemicals and thyroid hormone action. ADVANCES IN PHARMACOLOGY (SAN DIEGO, CALIF.) 2021; 92:401-417. [PMID: 34452692 DOI: 10.1016/bs.apha.2021.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Thyroid hormones (predominantly thyroxine, T4, and triiodothyronine, T3) are essential for normal development and for adult physiology. There are several challenges, however, that make identifying chemicals that produce adverse effects by interfering with the thyroid system difficult. First, individual variability in serum concentrations of thyroid hormones represent only about 10% of the population reference range that is considered to be "normal." This means that populations studies evaluating the relationship between chemical exposure and serum thyroid hormones must be large enough to overcome this internal variance. In addition, we know that there are chemicals that do not produce changes in thyroid hormone levels, but nevertheless impact thyroid signaling in target tissues. A good example is that of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs). PCB exposure during development are clearly associated with cognitive deficits in humans. But PCB exposure isn't uniformly associated with a reduction in serum thyroid hormone in human populations despite mechanistic studies showing that PCBs reduce serum T4 in animals. In contrast, perchlorate is a chemical that inhibits iodide uptake, thereby reducing thyroid hormone synthesis and serum hormone levels. Human studies have been variable in identifying a relationship between thyroid hormone and perchlorate exposure, but studies also show that dietary iodine, cigarette smoking and other factors can modify this relationship. The conclusion is that identifying chemicals that interfere with thyroid hormone could depend on in vitro analysis of chemicals that interact with different proteins important for thyroid hormone to function properly.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Thomas Zoeller
- Biology Department, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, MA, United States; School of Science and Technology, Örebro University, Örebro, Sweden.
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14
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Chen X, Ren C, Teng Y, Shen Y, Wu M, Xiao H, Wang H. Effects of temperature on growth, development and the leptin signaling pathway of Bufo gargarizans. J Therm Biol 2020; 96:102822. [PMID: 33627262 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtherbio.2020.102822] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2020] [Revised: 12/17/2020] [Accepted: 12/18/2020] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Climate change is one of the most important causes of the decline in amphibians. Changes in temperature have an important effect on the growth and development and energy metabolism of amphibians. The aim of this study is to unravel the effects of temperature on the leptin signaling pathway of Bufo gargarizans and its molecular mechanisms. Our results showed that high temperature accelerated the development rate of tadpoles, but reduced body size and mass, while low temperature deferred the development of tadpoles, but increased size and mass. Both high temperature and low temperature exposure caused pathological damage of the liver in B. gargarizans. The results of RT-qPCR revealed that the high temperature treatment significantly upregulated the transcript levels of genes related to thyroid hormone (DIO2 (D2), Thyroid Hormone Receptor-α (TRα)) and the leptin signaling pathway (Leptin Receptor (LepR), Janus kinase 1 (JAK1), Janus kinase 2 (JAK2), Tyrosine kinase 2 (TYK2), Signal Transducer And Activator Of Transcription 3 (STAT3), Signal Transducer And Activator Of Transcription 3.1 (STAT3.1), and Signal Transducer And Activator Of Transcription 6 (STAT6)), while there was a decrease of mRNA expression of these genes (TRα, Thyroid Hormone Receptor-Beta (TRβ), LepR, JAK1, and TYK2) in the liver of tadpoles exposed to high temperature compared with the intermediate temperature treatment. Therefore, our results suggested that temperature extremes might interfere with the thyroid and leptin signaling pathways and affect the growth and development of B. gargarizans. Furthermore, tissue injury of the liver could occur due to exposure to temperature extremes. This work promotes public awareness of environmental protection and species conservation needs, also provides valuable experimental data and a theoretical basis for the protection of amphibians.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyan Chen
- College of Life Science, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, 710119, China
| | - Chaolu Ren
- College of Life Science, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, 710119, China
| | - Yiran Teng
- College of Life Science, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, 710119, China
| | - Yujia Shen
- College of Life Science, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, 710119, China
| | - Minyao Wu
- College of Life Science, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, 710119, China
| | - Hui Xiao
- College of Life Science, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, 710119, China
| | - Hongyuan Wang
- College of Life Science, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, 710119, China.
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15
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Zlatow AL, Wilson SS, Bouley DM, Tetens-Woodring J, Buchholz DR, Green SL. Axial Skeletal Malformations in Genetically Modified Xenopus laevis and Xenopus tropicalis. Comp Med 2020; 70:532-541. [PMID: 33203505 PMCID: PMC7754201 DOI: 10.30802/aalas-cm-20-000069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Skeletal malformations in captive-bred, adult Xenopus spp., have not previously been reported. Here we describe 10 sexually mature, genetically modified laboratory frogs (6 Xenopus laevis and 4 Xenopus tropicalis) with axial skeletal abnormalities. The young adult frogs were described by veterinary staff as presenting with "hunchbacks," but were otherwise considered to be in good health. All affected frogs were genetically engineered using various techniques: transcription activator-like effector nucleases (TALEN) editing using thyroid hormone receptor α TALEN mRNA, restriction enzyme-mediated integration methods involving insertion of the inducible transgene pCAR/TRDN, or via I-SceI meganuclease transgenesis using either pDRTREdpTR-HS4 or pDPCrtTA-TREG-HS4 plasmid sequences. Radiographic findings (6 frogs) and gross necropsy (10 frogs) revealed vertebral column malformations and sacroiliac deformities that resulted in moderate to severe kyphosis and kyphoscoliosis. These findings were confirmed and additional skeletal abnormalities were identified using computed tomography to create a 3D reconstruction of 4 frogs. Additional findings visible on the 3D reconstructions included incomplete vertebral segmentation, malformed transverse processes, and a short and/or curved urostyle. Histopathologic findings included misshapen intervertebral joints with nonconforming articular surfaces, narrowed joint cavities, flattened or irregularly-formed articular cartilage, irregular maturation lines and nonpolarized chondrocytes, excess fibrocartilage, and evidence of irregular bone resorption and growth. While the specific etiology of the vertebral skeletal abnormalities remains unclear, possibilities include: 1) egg/oocyte physical manipulation (dejellying, microinjection, fertilization, etc.), 2) induction and expression of the transgenes, 3) inactivation (knockout) of existing genes by insertional mutagenesis, or 4) a combination of the above. Furthermore, the possibility of undetected changes in the macro or microenvironment, or a feature of the genetic background of the affected frogs cannot be ruled out.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne L Zlatow
- Department of Comparative Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California
| | - Sabrina S Wilson
- Diagnostic Imaging Service, William R. Pritchard Veterinary Medical Teaching Hospital, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California-Davis, Davis, California
| | - Donna M Bouley
- Department of Comparative Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California
| | | | - Daniel R Buchholz
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio
| | - Sherril L Green
- Department of Comparative Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California;,
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16
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Trudeau VL, Thomson P, Zhang WS, Reynaud S, Navarro-Martin L, Langlois VS. Agrochemicals disrupt multiple endocrine axes in amphibians. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2020; 513:110861. [PMID: 32450283 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2020.110861] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2020] [Revised: 04/17/2020] [Accepted: 05/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Concern over global amphibian declines and possible links to agrochemical use has led to research on the endocrine disrupting actions of agrochemicals, such as fertilizers, fungicides, insecticides, acaricides, herbicides, metals, and mixtures. Amphibians, like other species, have to partition resources for body maintenance, growth, and reproduction. Recent studies suggest that metabolic impairments induced by endocrine disrupting chemicals, and more particularly agrichemicals, may disrupt physiological constraints associated with these limited resources and could cause deleterious effects on growth and reproduction. Metabolic disruption has hardly been considered for amphibian species following agrichemical exposure. As for metamorphosis, the key thyroid hormone-dependent developmental phase for amphibians, it can either be advanced or delayed by agrichemicals with consequences for juvenile and adult health and survival. While numerous agrichemicals affect anuran sexual development, including sex reversal and intersex in several species, little is known about the mechanisms involved in dysregulation of the sex differentiation processes. Adult anurans display stereotypical male mating calls and female phonotaxis responses leading to successful amplexus and spawning. These are hormone-dependent behaviours at the foundation of reproductive success. Therefore, male vocalizations are highly ecologically-relevant and may be a non-invasive low-cost method for the assessment of endocrine disruption at the population level. While it is clear that agrochemicals disrupt multiple endocrine systems in frogs, very little has been uncovered regarding the molecular and cellular mechanisms at the basis of these actions. This is surprising, given the importance of the frog models to our deep understanding of developmental biology and thyroid hormone action to understand human health. Several agrochemicals were found to have multiple endocrine effects at once (e.g., targeting both the thyroid and gonadal axes); therefore, the assessment of agrochemicals that alter cross-talk between hormonal systems must be further addressed. Given the diversity of life-history traits in Anura, Caudata, and the Gymnophiona, it is essential that studies on endocrine disruption expand to include the lesser known taxa. Research under ecologically-relevant conditions will also be paramount. Closer collaboration between molecular and cellular endocrinologists and ecotoxicologists and ecologists is thus recommended.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vance L Trudeau
- Department of Biology, University of Ottawa, 30 Marie Curie Private, Ottawa, ON, K1N 6N5, Canada.
| | - Paisley Thomson
- Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique (INRS), Centre Eau Terre Environnement, 490 de la Couronne, Québec (Québec), G1K 9A9, Canada.
| | - Wo Su Zhang
- Department of Biology, University of Ottawa, 30 Marie Curie Private, Ottawa, ON, K1N 6N5, Canada.
| | - Stéphane Reynaud
- Laboratoire d'Ecologie Alpine, UMR UGA-USMB-CNRS 5553, Université Grenoble Alpes, CS 40700, 38058, Grenoble cedex 9, France.
| | - Laia Navarro-Martin
- Institute of Environmental Assessment and Water Research, IDAEA-CSIC, Jordi Girona 18, 08034, Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Valérie S Langlois
- Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique (INRS), Centre Eau Terre Environnement, 490 de la Couronne, Québec (Québec), G1K 9A9, Canada.
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17
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Ruthsatz K, Dausmann KH, Drees C, Becker LI, Hartmann L, Reese J, Reinhardt S, Robinson T, Sabatino NM, Peck MA, Glos J. Altered thyroid hormone levels affect the capacity for temperature-induced developmental plasticity in larvae of Rana temporaria and Xenopus laevis. J Therm Biol 2020; 90:102599. [PMID: 32479394 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtherbio.2020.102599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2019] [Revised: 04/11/2020] [Accepted: 04/13/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Anuran larvae show phenotypic plasticity in age and size at metamorphosis as a response to temperature variation. The capacity for temperature-induced developmental plasticity is determined by the thermal adaptation of a population. Multiple factors such as physiological responses to changing environmental conditions, however, might influence this capacity as well. In anuran larvae, thyroid hormone (TH) levels control growth and developmental rate and changes in TH status are a well-known stress response to sub-optimal environmental conditions. We investigated how chemically altered TH levels affect the capacity to exhibit temperature-induced developmental plasticity in larvae of the African clawed frog (Xenopus laevis) and the common frog (Rana temporaria). In both species, TH level influenced growth and developmental rate and modified the capacity for temperature-induced developmental plasticity. High TH levels reduced thermal sensitivity of metamorphic traits up to 57% (R. temporaria) and 36% (X. laevis). Rates of growth and development were more plastic in response to temperature in X. laevis (+30%) than in R. temporaria (+6%). Plasticity in rates of growth and development is beneficial to larvae in heterogeneous habitats as it allows a more rapid transition into the juvenile stage where rates of mortality are lower. Therefore, environmental stressors that increase endogenous TH levels and reduce temperature-dependent plasticity may increase risks and the vulnerability of anuran larvae. As TH status also influences metabolism, future studies should investigate whether reductions in physiological plasticity also increases the vulnerability of tadpoles to global change.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katharina Ruthsatz
- Institute of Zoology, University of Hamburg, Martin-Luther-King-Platz 3, 20146 Hamburg, Germany.
| | - Kathrin H Dausmann
- Institute of Zoology, University of Hamburg, Martin-Luther-King-Platz 3, 20146 Hamburg, Germany.
| | - Claudia Drees
- Institute of Zoology, University of Hamburg, Martin-Luther-King-Platz 3, 20146 Hamburg, Germany.
| | - Laura I Becker
- Institute of Zoology, University of Hamburg, Martin-Luther-King-Platz 3, 20146 Hamburg, Germany.
| | - Lisa Hartmann
- Institute of Zoology, University of Hamburg, Martin-Luther-King-Platz 3, 20146 Hamburg, Germany.
| | - Janica Reese
- Institute of Zoology, University of Hamburg, Martin-Luther-King-Platz 3, 20146 Hamburg, Germany.
| | - Steffen Reinhardt
- Institute of Zoology, University of Hamburg, Martin-Luther-King-Platz 3, 20146 Hamburg, Germany.
| | - Tom Robinson
- Institute of Zoology, University of Hamburg, Martin-Luther-King-Platz 3, 20146 Hamburg, Germany.
| | - Nikita M Sabatino
- Department of Life Sciences, Hamburg University of Applied Sciences, Ulmenliet 20, 21033 Hamburg, Germany.
| | - Myron A Peck
- Institute of Marine Ecosystems and Fisheries Science, University of Hamburg, Große Elbstrasse 133, 22767 Hamburg, Germany.
| | - Julian Glos
- Institute of Zoology, University of Hamburg, Martin-Luther-King-Platz 3, 20146 Hamburg, Germany.
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18
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Li JB, Li YY, Shen YP, Zhu M, Li XH, Qin ZF. 2,2',4,4'-tetrabromodipheny ether (BDE-47) disrupts gonadal development of the Africa clawed frog (Xenopus laevis). AQUATIC TOXICOLOGY (AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS) 2020; 221:105441. [PMID: 32045789 DOI: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2020.105441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2019] [Revised: 01/22/2020] [Accepted: 02/04/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Previous studies have shown that BDE-47, one of the most abundant polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) congeners, has a weak estrogenic activity, but it has remained unclear whether BDE-47 disrupts gonadal development and causes male-to-female sex reversal in lower vertebrates, with limited and controversial data. The present study aimed to determine the effects of BDE-47 on gonadal development in Xenopus laevis, a model amphibian species for studying adverse effects of estrogenic chemicals on reproductive development. X. laevis at stage 45/46 were exposed to BDE-47 (0.5, 5, 50 nM) in semi-static system, with 1 nM 17β-estradiol (E2) as the positive control. When reaching stage 53, tadpoles were examined for gonadal morphology, histology and sex-dimorphic gene expression. The phenotypic sex (gonadal morphology and histology) of each BDE-47-treated tadpole matched its genetic sex, showing no sex-reversal, whereas one half of genetic males treated with E2 displayed ovarian-like features. However, some genetic males (26%) in the 50 nM BDE-47 treatment group were found to contain more germ cells clumping together in the medulla, along with an increasing tendency of the gonad length/kidney length ratio in males, resembling feminizing outcomes of E2. These observations seem to suggest that BDE-47 exerted weak feminizing effects. However, BDE-47 induced increases in expression of both female-biased genes and male-biased genes in two sexes, which disagrees with feminizing outcomes, suggesting complicated effects of BDE-47 on gonadal development. Taken together, all results demonstrate that nanomolar BDE-47 disrupted gonadal development and exerted weak feminizing effects, but not resulted in male-to-female sex reversal in X. laevis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin-Bo Li
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Yuan-Yuan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Yan-Ping Shen
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Min Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Xing-Hong Li
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Zhan-Fen Qin
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China.
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19
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Sainath SB, André A, Castro LFC, Santos MM. The evolutionary road to invertebrate thyroid hormone signaling: Perspectives for endocrine disruption processes. Comp Biochem Physiol C Toxicol Pharmacol 2019; 223:124-138. [PMID: 31136851 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpc.2019.05.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2019] [Revised: 05/23/2019] [Accepted: 05/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Thyroid hormones (THs) are the only iodine-containing hormones that play fundamental roles in chordates and non-chordates. The chemical nature, mode of action and the synthesis of THs are well established in mammals and other vertebrates. Although thyroid-like hormones have been detected in protostomes and non-chordate deuterostomes, TH signaling is poorly understood as compared to vertebrates, particularly in protostomes. Therefore, the central objective of this article is to review TH system components and TH-induced effects in non-vertebrate chordates, non-chordate deuterostomes and protostomes based on available genomes and functional information. To accomplish this task, we integrate here the available knowledge on the THs signaling across non-vertebrate chordates, non-chordate deuterostomes and protostomes by considering studies encompassing TH system components and physiological actions of THs. We also address the possible interactions of thyroid disrupting chemicals and their effects in protostomes and non-chordate deuterostomes. Finally, the perspectives on current and future challenges are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- S B Sainath
- CIMAR/CIIMAR-Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research, University of Porto, Rua dos Bragas 289, 4050-123 Porto, Portugal; Department of Biotechnology, Vikrama Simhapuri University, Nellore 524 003, AP, India.
| | - A André
- CIMAR/CIIMAR-Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research, University of Porto, Rua dos Bragas 289, 4050-123 Porto, Portugal
| | - L Filipe C Castro
- CIMAR/CIIMAR-Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research, University of Porto, Rua dos Bragas 289, 4050-123 Porto, Portugal; FCUP - Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Porto, Rua do Campo Alegre, 4169-007 Porto, Portugal.
| | - M M Santos
- CIMAR/CIIMAR-Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research, University of Porto, Rua dos Bragas 289, 4050-123 Porto, Portugal; FCUP - Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Porto, Rua do Campo Alegre, 4169-007 Porto, Portugal.
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20
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Thambirajah AA, Koide EM, Imbery JJ, Helbing CC. Contaminant and Environmental Influences on Thyroid Hormone Action in Amphibian Metamorphosis. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2019; 10:276. [PMID: 31156547 PMCID: PMC6530347 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2019.00276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2019] [Accepted: 04/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Aquatic and terrestrial environments are increasingly contaminated by anthropogenic sources that include pharmaceuticals, personal care products, and industrial and agricultural chemicals (i. e., pesticides). Many of these substances have the potential to disrupt endocrine function, yet their effect on thyroid hormone (TH) action has garnered relatively little attention. Anuran postembryonic metamorphosis is strictly dependent on TH and perturbation of this process can serve as a sensitive barometer for the detection and mechanistic elucidation of TH disrupting activities of chemical contaminants and their complex mixtures. The ecological threats posed by these contaminants are further exacerbated by changing environmental conditions such as temperature, photoperiod, pond drying, food restriction, and ultraviolet radiation. We review the current knowledge of several chemical and environmental factors that disrupt TH-dependent metamorphosis in amphibian tadpoles as assessed by morphological, thyroid histology, behavioral, and molecular endpoints. Although the molecular mechanisms for TH disruption have yet to be determined for many chemical and environmental factors, several affect TH synthesis, transport or metabolism with subsequent downstream effects. As molecular dysfunction typically precedes phenotypic or histological pathologies, sensitive assays that detect changes in transcript, protein, or metabolite abundance are indispensable for the timely detection of TH disruption. The emergence and application of 'omics techniques-genomics, transcriptomics, proteomics, metabolomics, and epigenomics-on metamorphosing tadpoles are powerful emerging assets for the rapid, proxy assessment of toxicant or environmental damage for all vertebrates including humans. Moreover, these highly informative 'omics techniques will complement morphological, behavioral, and histological assessments, thereby providing a comprehensive understanding of how TH-dependent signal disruption is propagated by environmental contaminants and factors.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Caren C. Helbing
- Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, University of Victoria, Victoria, BC, Canada
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21
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Kong D, Liu Y, Zuo R, Li J. DnBP-induced thyroid disrupting activities in GH3 cells via integrin α vβ 3 and ERK1/2 activation. CHEMOSPHERE 2018; 212:1058-1066. [PMID: 30286535 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2018.09.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2018] [Revised: 07/26/2018] [Accepted: 09/02/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Di-n-butylphthalate (DnBP) exhibits alarming thyroid disrupting activities. However, the toxic mechanism of DnBP is not completely understood. In this study, we investigated the mechanism of DnBP in thyroid disruption. Rat pituitary tumor cell lines (GH3) were treated with DnBP in different scenarios, and cell viabilities, target gene transcriptions and protein levels were measured accordingly. The results showed that after treatment with DnBP (20 μmol/L), cell proliferation increased to 114.69% (p < 0.01) and c-fos gene was up-regulated by 1.57-fold (p < 0.01). Both nuclear thyroid hormone receptor β (TRβ) and membrane TR (integrin αv and integrin β3) genes were up-regulated by 1.31-, 1.08- and 2.39-fold (p < 0.01), respectively, the latter was inhibited by Arg-Gly-Asp (RGD) peptides; the macromolecular DnBP-BSA was unable to bind nuclear TRs, but still promoted cell proliferation to 104.18% and up-regulated c-fos by 2.99-fold (p < 0.01); after silencing TRβ gene, cell proliferation (106.64%, p < 0.05) and up-regulation of c-fos (1.23-fold, p < 0.01) were also observed. All of these findings indicated the existence of non-genomic pathway for DnBP-induced thyroid disruption. Finally, DnBP activated the downstream extracellular regulated protein kinases (ERK1/2) pathway, up-regulating Mapk1 (1.15-, p < 0.05), Mapk3 (1.26-fold, p < 0.01) and increasing protein levels of p-ERK (p < 0.01); notably, DnBP-induced ERK1/2 activation along with c-fos up-regulation were attenuated by PD98059 (ERK1/2 inhibitor). Taken together, it could be suggested that integrin αvβ3 and ERK1/2 pathway play significant roles in DnBP-induced thyroid disruption, and this novel mechanism warrants further investigation in living organisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongdong Kong
- Engineering Research Center of Groundwater Pollution Control and Remediation, Ministry of Education, College of Water Sciences, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Yun Liu
- South China Institute of Environmental Science, Ministry of Environmental Protection, No.7 West Street, Yuancun, Guangzhou 510655, China
| | - Rui Zuo
- Engineering Research Center of Groundwater Pollution Control and Remediation, Ministry of Education, College of Water Sciences, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Jian Li
- Engineering Research Center of Groundwater Pollution Control and Remediation, Ministry of Education, College of Water Sciences, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China.
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Zhang W, Lu Y, Huang L, Cheng C, Di S, Chen L, Zhou Z, Diao J. Comparison of triadimefon and its metabolite on acute toxicity and chronic effects during the early development of Rana nigromaculata tadpoles. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2018; 156:247-254. [PMID: 29554609 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2018.03.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2017] [Revised: 02/14/2018] [Accepted: 03/02/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Pesticides are one of major causes for amphibian population declines and the behavior of pesticide metabolite products to amphibians has become a rising concern. In this study, the acute toxicity and the chronic effects of triadimefon and triadimenol (the metabolite of triadimefon) on Rana. nigromaculata were investigated. In the acute assay, significant differences were observed in antioxidant enzyme activities and malondialdehyde levels between the triadimefon and triadimenol. The 96 h-acute toxicity of triadimefon (25.97 mg/L) and triadimenol (34.55 mg/L) to tadpoles was low. In 28d-chronic exposure, we studied the relative expression of tadpoles genes related to thyroid hormone-dependent metamorphic development, histological examination of liver and some biological index, including wet weight, snout-to-vent length (SVL) and development stages. The results revealed that the effects of triadimefon and triadimenol on tadpole development are driven by a disruption of the hormonal pathways involved in metamorphosis. Interestingly, triadimefon was more harmful on R. nigromaculata than triadimenol at high dose, whereas the reverse result was observed at low doses. According to the relative expression of thyroid hormone-dependent genes, we also found that the two compounds may have different mechanisms of toxic action on R. nigromaculata. Our study developed a pragmatic approach for use in the risk assessment of pesticide and its metabolite,and increased the information and understanding of the impacts of fungicides and other potential endocrine disrupting environmental contaminants on amphibians.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenjun Zhang
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, Yuanmingyuan West Road 2, Beijing 100193, China; Department of Applied Chemistry, China Agricultural University, Yuanmingyuan West Road 2, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Yuele Lu
- Institute of Fermentation Engineering, College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Chaowang Road 18, Hangzhou 310014, China
| | - Ledan Huang
- Beijing Institute of Fashion Technology, Yinghua Road 2, Chaoyang District, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Cheng Cheng
- Department of Applied Chemistry, China Agricultural University, Yuanmingyuan West Road 2, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Shanshan Di
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, Yuanmingyuan West Road 2, Beijing 100193, China; Department of Applied Chemistry, China Agricultural University, Yuanmingyuan West Road 2, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Li Chen
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, Yuanmingyuan West Road 2, Beijing 100193, China; Department of Applied Chemistry, China Agricultural University, Yuanmingyuan West Road 2, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Zhiqiang Zhou
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, Yuanmingyuan West Road 2, Beijing 100193, China; Department of Applied Chemistry, China Agricultural University, Yuanmingyuan West Road 2, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Jinling Diao
- Department of Applied Chemistry, China Agricultural University, Yuanmingyuan West Road 2, Beijing 100193, China.
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Zhang YF, Ren XM, Li YY, Yao XF, Li CH, Qin ZF, Guo LH. Bisphenol A alternatives bisphenol S and bisphenol F interfere with thyroid hormone signaling pathway in vitro and in vivo. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2018; 237:1072-1079. [PMID: 29146198 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2017.11.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 115] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2017] [Revised: 11/06/2017] [Accepted: 11/07/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
The wide use of the alternatives to bisphenol A (BPA) has raised concerns about their potential toxicities. Considering the disrupting activity of BPA on thyroid hormone (TH) signaling, we investigated whether bisphenol S (BPS) and bisphenol F (BPF), two leading alternatives, could interfere with TH signaling pathway using a series of assays in vitro and in vivo. In the fluorescence competitive binding assay, we found BPS and BPF, like BPA, bound to TH receptors (TRα and TRβ), with the binding potencies an order of magnitude lower than BPA (BPA > BPF > BPS). Molecular docking data also show their binding potencies to TRs. In the coactivator recruitment assay, BPS and BPF recruited coactivator to TRβ but not TRα, with weaker potencies than BPA. Correspondingly, agonistic actions of the three bisphenols in the absence or presence of T3 were observed in the TR-mediated reporter gene transcription assay. Also, all the three bisphenols induced TH-dependent GH3 cell proliferation, whereas BPA and BPF inhibited T3 induction in the presence of T3. As for in vivo assay, the three bisphenols like T3 induced TH-response gene transcription in Pelophylax nigromaculatus tadpoles, but in the presence of T3 altered T3-induced gene transcription in a biphasic concentration-response manner. These results for the first time demonstrate that BPS and BPF, like BPA, have potential to interfere with TH signaling pathway, i.e., they generally activate TH signaling in the absence of T3, but in the presence of TH, display agonistic or/and antagonistic actions under certain condition. Our study highlights the potential risks of BPS and BPF as BPA alternatives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yin-Feng Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China; Institute for Translational Medicine, College of Medicine, Qingdao University, Deng Zhou Road 38, Qingdao 266021, China
| | - Xiao-Min Ren
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
| | - Yuan-Yuan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Xiao-Fang Yao
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
| | - Chuan-Hai Li
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Zhan-Fen Qin
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China.
| | - Liang-Hong Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
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Rehse S, Kloas W, Zarfl C. Microplastics Reduce Short-Term Effects of Environmental Contaminants. Part I: Effects of Bisphenol A on Freshwater Zooplankton Are Lower in Presence of Polyamide Particles. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2018; 15:ijerph15020280. [PMID: 29415519 PMCID: PMC5858349 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph15020280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2017] [Revised: 01/12/2018] [Accepted: 02/01/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Microplastics can have direct physical effects on organisms in freshwater systems, and are considered as vectors for absorbed environmental pollutants. It is still under discussion if microplastics are relevant pollutant vectors for uptake into aquatic organisms in comparison to further uptake pathways, e.g., via water or sediment particles. We analyzed how the presence of microplastics (polyamide particles, PA) modifies acute effects of the environmental pollutant bisphenol A (BPA) on freshwater zooplankton (Daphnia magna). Daphnids were exposed to PA particles and BPA alone, before combining them in the next step with one concentration of PA and varying concentrations of BPA. The PA particles themselves did not induce negative effects, while the effects of BPA alone followed a typical dose-dependent manner. Sorption of BPA to PA particles prior to exposure led to a reduction of BPA in the aqueous phase. The combination of BPA and PA led to decreased immobilization, although PA particles loaded with BPA were ingested by the daphnids. Calculations based on physiochemistry and equilibrium assumptions indicated lower BPA body burden of daphnids in the presence of PA particles. These results confirm model-based studies, and show that investigated microplastic concentrations are negligible for the overall pollutant uptake of daphnids with water as additional uptake pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saskia Rehse
- Leibniz-Institute of Freshwater Ecology and Inland Fisheries, Müggelseedamm 310, D-12587 Berlin, Germany.
- Center for Applied Geosciences, Eberhard Karls Universität Tübingen, Hölderlinstraße 12, D-72074 Tübingen, Germany.
| | - Werner Kloas
- Leibniz-Institute of Freshwater Ecology and Inland Fisheries, Müggelseedamm 310, D-12587 Berlin, Germany.
- Department of Endocrinology, Institute of Biology, Humboldt-Universität Berlin, Invalidenstraße 110, D-10115 Berlin, Germany.
| | - Christiane Zarfl
- Center for Applied Geosciences, Eberhard Karls Universität Tübingen, Hölderlinstraße 12, D-72074 Tübingen, Germany.
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Man YB, Chow KL, Tsang YF, Lau FTK, Fung WC, Wong MH. Fate of bisphenol A, perfluorooctanoic acid and perfluorooctanesulfonate in two different types of sewage treatment works in Hong Kong. CHEMOSPHERE 2018; 190:358-367. [PMID: 29017113 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2017.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2017] [Revised: 09/29/2017] [Accepted: 10/01/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
This study aimed at investigating the removal efficiencies of perfluorooctanoate (PFOA), perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS) and bisphenol A (BPA) of two major sewage treatment works in Hong Kong: Stonecutters Island STW (SCISTW) which adopts chemically enhanced primary treatment (CEPT) process and Sha Tin STW (STSTW) which employs biological treatment. Liquid portion (LP) and particulate matter (PM) of liquid sewage samples and sludge samples were collected and followed by liquid chromatograph system. It was found that BPA (44.6 ± 35.1%) generally achieved higher TRE than the two other chemicals (PFOS (-18.8 ± 34.8%) and PFOA (-104 ± 86.8%)) in STSTW (p < 0.05). Most of the PFOA, PFOS and BPA was discharged through final effluent (PFOA: 95.6 ± 1.00% and 94.5 ± 3.13%; PFOS: 77.7 ± 1.48% and 72.6 ± 6.07%; BPA: 99.2 ± 0.950% and 92.8 ± 7.25%, respectively) rather than stored in the sludge/cake (PFOA: 4.45 ± 1.00% and 5.47 ± 3.13%, PFOS: 22.3 ± 1.48% and 27.4 ± 6.07%, BPA: 0.844 ± 0.950% and 7.20 ± 7.25%, respectively). After the sewage purification process, the two STW released considerable amounts of PFOA, PFOS and BPA in the final effluent (PFOA: 0.638 ± 0.227 kg/year; PFOS: 0.409 ± 0.126 kg/year; BPA: 10.4 ± 3.83 kg/year in STSTW; PFOA: 3.08 ± 1.415 kg/year; PFOS: 2.13 ± 0.452 kg/year; BPA: 714 ± 768 kg/year in SCISTW) and in the sludge (PFOA: 0.0360 ± 0.0250 kg/year; PFOS: 0.149 ± 0.00100 kg/year; BPA: 1.09 ± 1.47 kg/year in STSTW; PFOA: 0.139 ± 0.0670 kg/year; PFOS: 0.606 ± 0.0780 kg/year; BPA: 3.05 ± 3.95 kg/year in SCISTW). This study may help to provide crucial information for further development of municipal sewage system in treating synthetic emerging chemicals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Bon Man
- Consortium on Health, Environment, Education and Research (CHEER), and Department of Science and Environmental Studies, The Education University of Hong Kong, Tai Po, Hong Kong, China
| | - Ka Lai Chow
- Department of Geography, Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Yiu Fai Tsang
- Consortium on Health, Environment, Education and Research (CHEER), and Department of Science and Environmental Studies, The Education University of Hong Kong, Tai Po, Hong Kong, China
| | - Frankie Tat Kwong Lau
- The Drainage Services Department, The Government of the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, Hong Kong, China
| | - Wing Cheong Fung
- The Drainage Services Department, The Government of the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, Hong Kong, China
| | - Ming Hung Wong
- Consortium on Health, Environment, Education and Research (CHEER), and Department of Science and Environmental Studies, The Education University of Hong Kong, Tai Po, Hong Kong, China; School of Environment, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China.
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26
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Yao X, Chen X, Zhang Y, Li Y, Wang Y, Zheng Z, Qin Z, Zhang Q. Optimization of the T3-induced Xenopus metamorphosis assay for detecting thyroid hormone signaling disruption of chemicals. J Environ Sci (China) 2017; 52:314-324. [PMID: 28254053 DOI: 10.1016/j.jes.2016.09.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2016] [Revised: 09/14/2016] [Accepted: 09/30/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
T3-induced Xenopus metamorphosis is an ideal model for detecting thyroid hormone (TH) signaling disruption of chemicals. To optimize the T3-induced Xenopus assay and improve its sensitivity and reproducibility, we intend to develop quantitatively morphological endpoints and choose appropriate concentrations and exposure durations for T3 induction. Xenopus laevis at stage 52 were exposed to series of concentrations of T3 (0.31-2.5nmol/L) for 6days. By comparing morphological changes induced by T3, we propose head area, mouth width, unilateral brain width/brain length, and hindlimb length/snout-vent length as quantitative parameters for characterizing T3-induced morphological changes, with body weight as a parameter for indicating integrated changes. By analyzing time-response curves, we found that following 4-day exposure, T3-induced grossly morphological changes displayed linear concentration-response curves, with moderate morphological changes resulting from 1.25nmol/L T3 exposure. When using grossly morphological endpoints to detect TH signaling disruption, we propose 4days as exposure duration of T3, with concentrations close to 1.25nmol/L as induction concentrations. However, it is appropriate to examine morphological and molecular changes of the intestine on day 2 due to their early response to T3. The quantitative endpoints and T3 induction concentrations and durations we determined would improve the sensitivity and the reproducibility of the T3-induced Xenopus metamorphosis assay.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaofang Yao
- School of Environment and Resource, Southwest University of Science and Technology, Mianyang 621010, China; State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China.
| | - Xiaoying Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Yinfeng Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
| | - Yuanyuan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Yao Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
| | - Zongming Zheng
- School of Environment and Resource, Southwest University of Science and Technology, Mianyang 621010, China; State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
| | - Zhanfen Qin
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China.
| | - Qingdong Zhang
- School of Environment and Resource, Southwest University of Science and Technology, Mianyang 621010, China.
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Li N, Jiang W, Ma M, Wang D, Wang Z. Chlorination by-products of bisphenol A enhanced retinoid X receptor disrupting effects. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2016; 320:289-295. [PMID: 27565853 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2016.08.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2016] [Revised: 08/10/2016] [Accepted: 08/11/2016] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
There is increasing evidence of activities of chlorinated by-products of bisphenol A (BPA) on retinoic acid system. Their agonistic and antagonistic activities to human retinoid X receptor (RXR) were assessed by a two-hybrid yeast assay. Aqueous solutions of 1mg/L BPA were chlorinated by sodium hypochlorite (NaClO). It showed that chlorination of BPA increased RXRβ antagonistic activity, while no agonistic activity was detected, showing chlorine might act as a toxic potentiator rather than a toxic deactivator in RXRβ disrupting effects. BPA and its byproducts including 2,2',6,6'-tetrachlorobisphenol A (TCBPA) and 2,4,6-trichlorophenol (TCP) were quantitatively determined by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS). BPA rapidly degraded. With the increasing of ICC and reaction time, concentration of formed TCBPA increased initially then decreased, while concentration of formed TCP increased stably. Using the toxic equivalent (TEQ) approach, the main contributors should be mono-, di- and tri- chlorobisphenol A at initial chlorine concentration (ICC) of 1mg/L. At ICC of 2 and 5mg/L, the main contributors were TCBPA and TCP, being 57.7%-70.7% and 45.3%-59.4%. Molecular docking showed BPA chlorination by-products might have the same mode of action with BPA, forming hydrogen bond and pi-pi interaction with their OH group or hydrophobic ring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Na Li
- Key Laboratory of Drinking Water Science and Technology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, PR China
| | - Weiwei Jiang
- Shanghai Municipal Water Resource Development and Utilization National Engineering Center Co., Ltd., Shanghai 200082, China
| | - Mei Ma
- Key Laboratory of Drinking Water Science and Technology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, PR China.
| | - Donghong Wang
- Key Laboratory of Drinking Water Science and Technology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, PR China
| | - Zijian Wang
- Key Laboratory of Drinking Water Science and Technology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, PR China.
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Freitas JS, Kupsco A, Diamante G, Felicio AA, Almeida EA, Schlenk D. Influence of Temperature on the Thyroidogenic Effects of Diuron and Its Metabolite 3,4-DCA in Tadpoles of the American Bullfrog (Lithobates catesbeianus). ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2016; 50:13095-13104. [PMID: 27787998 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.6b04076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Temperature is a key variable affecting the timing of amphibian metamorphosis from tadpoles to tetrapods, through the production and subsequent function of thyroid hormones (TH). Thyroid function can be impaired by environmental contaminants as well as temperature. Tadpoles can experience large temperature fluctuations in their habitats and many species are distributed in areas that may be impacted by agriculture. Diuron is a widely used herbicide detected in freshwater ecosystems and may impact endocrine function in aquatic organisms. We evaluated the influence of temperature (28 and 34 °C) on the action of diuron and its metabolite 3,4-dichloroaniline (3,4-DCA) on thyroid function and metamorphosis in tadpoles of Lithobates catesbeianus. Exposure to both compounds induced more pronounced changes in gene expression and plasma 3,3',5-triiodothyronine (T3) concentrations in tadpoles treated at higher temperature. T3 concentrations were increased in tadpoles exposed to 200 ng/L of diuron at 34 °C and an acceleration of metamorphosis was observed for the same group. Transcriptomic responses included alteration of thyroid hormone induced bZip protein (thibz), deiodinases (dio2, dio3), thyroid receptors (trα, trβ) and Krüppel-like factor 9 (klf9), suggesting regulation by temperature on TH-gene expression. These results suggest that environmental temperature should be considered in risk assessments of environmental contaminants for amphibian species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juliane S Freitas
- Graduate Program in Animal Biology, Department of Chemistry and Environmental Sciences, Universidade Estadual Paulista "Júlio de Mesquita Filho" , Cristóvão Colombo, 2265, 15054-000 São José do Rio Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Allison Kupsco
- Department of Environmental Sciences, University of California , Riverside 900 University Ave, 92521 Riverside, California, United States
| | - Graciel Diamante
- Department of Environmental Sciences, University of California , Riverside 900 University Ave, 92521 Riverside, California, United States
| | - Andreia A Felicio
- Graduate Program in Animal Biology, Department of Chemistry and Environmental Sciences, Universidade Estadual Paulista "Júlio de Mesquita Filho" , Cristóvão Colombo, 2265, 15054-000 São José do Rio Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Eduardo A Almeida
- Department of Natural Sciences, Fundação Universidade Regional de Blumenau , Av. Antonio da Veiga 140, Itoupava Seca 89030-903, Blumenau, Santa Catarina, Brazil
| | - Daniel Schlenk
- Department of Environmental Sciences, University of California , Riverside 900 University Ave, 92521 Riverside, California, United States
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29
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The genome and transcriptome of Japanese flounder provide insights into flatfish asymmetry. Nat Genet 2016; 49:119-124. [PMID: 27918537 DOI: 10.1038/ng.3732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 127] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2016] [Accepted: 10/31/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Flatfish have the most extreme asymmetric body morphology of vertebrates. During metamorphosis, one eye migrates to the contralateral side of the skull, and this migration is accompanied by extensive craniofacial transformations and simultaneous development of lopsided body pigmentation. The evolution of this developmental and physiological innovation remains enigmatic. Comparative genomics of two flatfish and transcriptomic analyses during metamorphosis point to a role for thyroid hormone and retinoic acid signaling, as well as phototransduction pathways. We demonstrate that retinoic acid is critical in establishing asymmetric pigmentation and, via cross-talk with thyroid hormones, in modulating eye migration. The unexpected expression of the visual opsins from the phototransduction pathway in the skin translates illumination differences and generates retinoic acid gradients that underlie the generation of asymmetry. Identifying the genetic underpinning of this unique developmental process answers long-standing questions about the evolutionary origin of asymmetry, but it also provides insight into the mechanisms that control body shape in vertebrates.
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30
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Huo W, Xia W, Wan Y, Zhang B, Zhou A, Zhang Y, Huang K, Zhu Y, Wu C, Peng Y, Jiang M, Hu J, Chang H, Xu B, Li Y, Xu S. Maternal urinary bisphenol A levels and infant low birth weight: A nested case-control study of the Health Baby Cohort in China. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2015; 85:96-103. [PMID: 26382648 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2015.09.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2015] [Revised: 08/31/2015] [Accepted: 09/02/2015] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Exposure to bisphenol A (BPA), a known endocrine disruptor, has been demonstrated to affect fetal development in animal studies, but findings in human studies have been inconsistent. OBJECTIVES We investigated whether maternal exposure to BPA during pregnancy is associated with an increased risk of infant low birth weight (LBW). METHODS A total 452 mother-infant pairs (113 LBW cases and 339 matched controls) were selected from the participants enrolled in the prospective Health Baby Cohort (HBC) in Wuhan city, China, during 2012-2014. BPA concentrations were measured in maternal urine samples collected at delivery, and the information of birth outcomes was retrieved from the medical records. A conditional logistic regression was used to evaluate the relationship between urinary BPA levels and LBW. RESULTS Mothers with LBW infants had significantly higher urinary BPA levels (median: 4.70μg/L) than the control mothers (median: 2.25μg/L) (p<0.05). Increased risk of LBW was associated with higher maternal urinary levels of BPA [adjusted odds ratio (OR)=3.13 for the medium tertile, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.21, 8.08; adjusted OR=2.49 for the highest tertile, 95% CI: 0.98, 6.36]. The association was more pronounced among female infants than among male infants, with a statistical evidence of heterogeneity in risk (p=0.03). CONCLUSIONS Prenatal exposure to higher levels of BPA may potentially increase the risk of delivering LBW infants, especially for female infants. This is the first case-control study to examine the association in China.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenqian Huo
- Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, Ministry of Education & Ministry of Environmental Protection, State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Wei Xia
- Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, Ministry of Education & Ministry of Environmental Protection, State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Yanjian Wan
- CDC of Yangtze River Administration and Navigational Affairs, General Hospital of the Yangtze River Shipping, Wuhan 430019, China
| | - Bin Zhang
- Women and Children Medical and Healthcare Center of Wuhan, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Aifen Zhou
- Women and Children Medical and Healthcare Center of Wuhan, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Yiming Zhang
- Women and Children Medical and Healthcare Center of Wuhan, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Kai Huang
- Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, Ministry of Education & Ministry of Environmental Protection, State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Yingshuang Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, Ministry of Education & Ministry of Environmental Protection, State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Chuansha Wu
- Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, Ministry of Education & Ministry of Environmental Protection, State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Yang Peng
- Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, Ministry of Education & Ministry of Environmental Protection, State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Minmin Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, Ministry of Education & Ministry of Environmental Protection, State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Jie Hu
- Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, Ministry of Education & Ministry of Environmental Protection, State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Huailong Chang
- Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, Ministry of Education & Ministry of Environmental Protection, State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Bing Xu
- Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, Ministry of Education & Ministry of Environmental Protection, State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Yuanyuan Li
- Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, Ministry of Education & Ministry of Environmental Protection, State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China.
| | - Shunqing Xu
- Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, Ministry of Education & Ministry of Environmental Protection, State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China.
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More similar than you think: Frog metamorphosis as a model of human perinatal endocrinology. Dev Biol 2015; 408:188-95. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ydbio.2015.02.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2014] [Revised: 02/05/2015] [Accepted: 02/20/2015] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Bhandari RK, Deem SL, Holliday DK, Jandegian CM, Kassotis CD, Nagel SC, Tillitt DE, Vom Saal FS, Rosenfeld CS. Effects of the environmental estrogenic contaminants bisphenol A and 17α-ethinyl estradiol on sexual development and adult behaviors in aquatic wildlife species. Gen Comp Endocrinol 2015; 214:195-219. [PMID: 25277515 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygcen.2014.09.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 180] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2014] [Revised: 08/08/2014] [Accepted: 09/20/2014] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDCs), including the mass-produced component of plastics, bisphenol A (BPA) are widely prevalent in aquatic and terrestrial habitats. Many aquatic species, such as fish, amphibians, aquatic reptiles and mammals, are exposed daily to high concentrations of BPA and ethinyl estradiol (EE2), estrogen in birth control pills. In this review, we will predominantly focus on BPA and EE2, well-described estrogenic EDCs. First, the evidence that BPA and EE2 are detectable in almost all bodies of water will be discussed. We will consider how BPA affects sexual and neural development in these species, as these effects have been the best characterized across taxa. For instance, such chemicals have been in many cases reported to cause sex-reversal of males to females. Even if these chemicals do not overtly alter the gonadal sex, there are indications that several EDCs might demasculinize male-specific behaviors that are essential for attracting a mate. In so doing, these chemicals may reduce the likelihood that these males reproduce. If exposed males do reproduce, the concern is that they will then be passing on compromised genetic fitness to their offspring and transmitting potential transgenerational effects through their sperm epigenome. We will thus consider how diverse epigenetic changes might be a unifying mechanism of how BPA and EE2 disrupt several processes across species. Such changes might also serve as universal species diagnostic biomarkers of BPA and other EDCs exposure. Lastly, the evidence that estrogenic EDCs-induced effects in aquatic species might translate to humans will be considered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramji K Bhandari
- Biological Sciences, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, USA; Columbia Environmental Research Center, U.S. Geological Survey, Columbia, MO 65201, USA
| | - Sharon L Deem
- Institute for Conservation Medicine, Saint Louis Zoo, Saint Louis, MO 63110, USA; Veterinary Clinical Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, USA
| | - Dawn K Holliday
- Department of Biology and Environmental Science, Westminster College, Fulton, MO 65251, USA; Department of Pathology and Anatomical Sciences, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, USA
| | - Caitlin M Jandegian
- Columbia Environmental Research Center, U.S. Geological Survey, Columbia, MO 65201, USA; Institute for Conservation Medicine, Saint Louis Zoo, Saint Louis, MO 63110, USA; Masters in Public Health Program, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, USA
| | | | - Susan C Nagel
- Biological Sciences, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, USA; Obstetrics, Gynecology, & Women's Health, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, USA
| | - Donald E Tillitt
- Columbia Environmental Research Center, U.S. Geological Survey, Columbia, MO 65201, USA
| | | | - Cheryl S Rosenfeld
- Biomedical Sciences, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, USA; Bond Life Sciences Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, USA; Genetics Area Program Faculty Member, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, USA.
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Birceanu O, Servos MR, Vijayan MM. Bisphenol A accumulation in eggs disrupts the endocrine regulation of growth in rainbow trout larvae. AQUATIC TOXICOLOGY (AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS) 2015; 161:51-60. [PMID: 25667994 DOI: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2015.01.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2014] [Revised: 01/21/2015] [Accepted: 01/28/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Bisphenol A (BPA), a monomer used in the production of plastics and epoxy resins, is ubiquitously present in the aquatic environment. BPA is considered a weak estrogen in fish, but the effects of this chemical on early developmental events are far from clear. We tested the hypothesis that BPA accumulation in eggs, mimicking maternal transfer, disrupts growth hormone/insulin-like growth factor (GH/IGF) axis function, leading to defects in larval growth in rainbow trout. Trout oocytes were exposed to 0 (control), 0.3, 3, and 30 μg ml(-1) BPA for 3h, which led to an accumulation of around 0, 1, 4 and 40 ng BPA per egg, respectively. All treatment groups were fertilized with clean milt and reared in clean water for the rest of the experiment. The embryo BPA content declined over time in all groups and was completely eliminated by 42 days post-fertilization (dpf). Hatchlings from BPA accumulated eggs had higher water content and reduced total energy levels prior to first feed. There was an overall reduction in the specific growth rate and food conversion ratio in larvae reared from BPA-laden eggs. BPA accumulation disrupted the mRNA abundance of genes involved in GH/IGF axis function, including GH isoforms and their receptors, IGF-1 and -2 and IGF receptors, in a life stage-dependent manner. Also, there was a temporal disruption in the mRNA levels of thyroid hormone receptors in the larvae raised from BPA-laden eggs. Altogether, BPA accumulation in eggs, mimicking maternal transfer, affects larval growth and the mode of action involves disruption of genes involved in the GH/IGF and thyroid axes function in trout.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oana Birceanu
- Department of Biology, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario N2L 3G1, Canada
| | - Mark R Servos
- Department of Biology, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario N2L 3G1, Canada
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Lou Q, Cao S, Xu W, Zhang Y, Qin Z, Wei W. Molecular characterization and mRNA expression of ribosomal protein L8 in Rana nigromaculata during development and under exposure to hormones. J Environ Sci (China) 2014; 26:2331-2339. [PMID: 25458689 DOI: 10.1016/j.jes.2014.09.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2013] [Revised: 01/22/2014] [Accepted: 02/24/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Like Xenopus laevis, some species of the Rana genus are also used to study endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDCs). Although ribosomal protein L8 (rpl8) is the most-used reference gene for analyzing gene expression by quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction in Rana, its suitability as the reference gene has never been validated in any species of the Rana genus. We characterized rpl8 cDNA in Rana nigromaculata, a promising native species in East Asia for assaying endocrine disrupting effects. We found that the rpl8 cDNA consisted of 919bp and encoded 257 amino acids, exhibiting high identities of amino acid sequence with known rpl8 in other Rana species. Then, we examined the stability of mRNA expression during development. Compared with elongation factor 1 alpha 1, another common housekeeping gene, neither stage-specific nor tissue-specific expression of the rpl8 gene was found in all tissues examined (brain, liver, intestine, tail, testis and ovary) during R. nigromaculata development. Finally, we investigated rpl8 expression under exposure to hormones. No change in rpl8 mRNA expression was found under exposure to thyroid hormone (T4) and estrogen (estradiol), whereas expression of the corresponding biomarker genes was induced. Our results show that rpl8 is an appropriate reference gene for analyzing gene expression by quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction for assaying EDCs using R. nigromaculata, and might also provide support for using rpl8 as a reference gene in other Rana species due to the high conservation of rpl8 among the Rana genus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qinqin Lou
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China; College of Environment, Nanjing University of Technology, Nanjing 210009, China.
| | - Shan Cao
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China; College of Environment, Nanjing University of Technology, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Wei Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China; College of Environment, Nanjing University of Technology, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Yinfeng Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
| | - Zhanfen Qin
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China.
| | - Wuji Wei
- College of Environment, Nanjing University of Technology, Nanjing 210009, China
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Zhang YF, Xu W, Lou QQ, Li YY, Zhao YX, Wei WJ, Qin ZF, Wang HL, Li JZ. Tetrabromobisphenol A disrupts vertebrate development via thyroid hormone signaling pathway in a developmental stage-dependent manner. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2014; 48:8227-34. [PMID: 24963557 DOI: 10.1021/es502366g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Data concerning effects of tetrabromobisphenol A (TBBPA) on thyroid hormone (TH)-dependent vertebrate development have been limited, although TBBPA has been demonstrated in vitro to disrupt the TH signaling pathway at the transcriptional level. In this study, we investigated the effects of TBBPA on T3-induced and spontaneous Xenopus laevis metamorphosis, which share many similarities with TH-dependent development in higher vertebrates. In a 6-day T3-induced metamorphosis assay using premetamorphic tadpoles, 10-1000 nM TBBPA exhibited inhibitory effects on T3-induced expression of TH-response genes and morphological changes in a concentration-dependent manner, with a weak stimulatory action on tadpole development and TH-response gene expression in the absence of T3 induction. In a spontaneous metamorphosis assay, we further found that TBBPA promoted tadpole development from stage 51 to 56 (pre- and prometamorphic stages) but inhibited metamorphic development from stage 57 to 66 (metamorphic climax). These results strongly show that TBBPA, even at low concentrations, disrupts TH-dependent development in a developmental stage-dependent manner, i.e., TBBPA exhibits an antagonistic activity at the developmental stages when animals have high endogenous TH levels, whereas it acts as an agonist at the developmental stages when animals have low endogenous TH levels. Our study highlights the adverse influences of TBBPA on TH-dependent development in vertebrates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yin-Feng Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-environmental Sciences and ‡Department of Environmental Bio-Technology, Research Center for Eco-environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences , P.O. Box 2871, Beijing 100085, China
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Ziermann JM, Diogo R. Cranial muscle development in frogs with different developmental modes: direct development versus biphasic development. J Morphol 2014; 275:398-413. [PMID: 24877162 DOI: 10.1002/jmor.20223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Normal development in anurans includes a free swimming larva that goes through metamorphosis to develop into the adult frog. We have investigated cranial muscle development and adult cranial muscle morphology in three different anuran species. Xenopus laevis is obligate aquatic throughout lifetime, Rana(Lithobates) pipiens has an aquatic larvae and a terrestrial adult form, and Eleutherodactylus coqui has direct developing juveniles that hatch from eggs deposited on leaves (terrestrial). The adult morphology shows hardly any differences between the investigated species. Cranial muscle development of E. coqui shows many similarities and only few differences to the development of Rana (Lithobates) and Xenopus. The differences are missing muscles of the branchial arches (which disappear during metamorphosis of biphasic anurans) and a few heterochronic changes. The development of the mandibular arch (adductor mandibulae) and hyoid arch (depressor mandibulae) muscles is similar to that observed in Xenopus and Rana (Lithobates), although the first appearance of these muscles displays a midmetamorphic pattern in E. coqui. We show that the mix of characters observed in E. coqui indicates that the larval stage is not completely lost even without a free swimming larval stage. Cryptic metamorphosis is the process in which morphological changes in the larva/embryo take place that are not as obvious as in normal metamorphosing anurans with a clear biphasic lifestyle. During cryptic metamorphosis, a normal adult frog develops, indicating that the majority of developmental mechanisms towards the functional adult cranial muscles are preserved.
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Urbatzka R, Lorenz C, Wiedemann C, Lutz I, Kloas W. Steroid exposure during larval development of Xenopus laevis affects mRNA expression of the reproductive pituitary-gonadal axis in a sex- and stage-dependent manner. Comp Biochem Physiol C Toxicol Pharmacol 2014; 160:1-8. [PMID: 24239592 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpc.2013.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2013] [Revised: 10/30/2013] [Accepted: 11/06/2013] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Steroids are known to influence the reproductive pituitary-gonadal axis in adult amphibians. Here, we studied the effects of hormones on pituitary and gonadal mRNA expression during the development of Xenopus laevis. Tadpoles at NF 58 (prometamorphosis) and at NF 66 (freshly metamorphosed) were exposed for three days to 17β-estradiol (E2), tamoxifen (TAM), testosterone (T), dihydrotestosterone (DHT) at 10(-7)M, and flutamide (FLU) at 10(-6)M. In both genders at NF 58 and 66, T and DHT decreased luteinizing hormone beta (lhβ), but increased follicle stimulating hormone beta (fshβ), while FLU induced lhβ specifically in males. In the testis steroidogenic genes (p450 side chain cleavage enzyme, p450scc; steroid acute regulatory protein, star) at NF 58 showed a similar pattern as for lhβ, while the response at NF 66 was only partially present. In females, TAM induced lhβ at NF 58, while E2 decreased lhβ and increased fshβ at NF 66. In the ovaries, no alterations were observed for the steroidogenic genes. Summarizing, gonadotropic and steroidogenic mRNA expression may indicate control of androgen level during testis differentiation in male tadpoles at NF 58. In females the non-responsiveness of steroidogenic genes could be a sign of gonadal quiescence during pre-pubertal stages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ralph Urbatzka
- CIIMAR, Centre of Marine and Environmental Research, Laboratory of Ecotoxicology, Genomics and Evolution, Rua dos Bragas 289, 4050-123 Porto, Portugal.
| | - Claudia Lorenz
- Department of Ecophysiology and Aquaculture, Leibniz-Institute for Freshwater Ecology and Inland Fisheries, Müggelseedamm 310, 12587 Berlin, Germany
| | - Caterina Wiedemann
- Reproduction Biology, Leibniz-Institute for Zoo and Wildlife Research, PF 601103, 10252 Berlin, Germany
| | - Ilka Lutz
- Department of Ecophysiology and Aquaculture, Leibniz-Institute for Freshwater Ecology and Inland Fisheries, Müggelseedamm 310, 12587 Berlin, Germany
| | - Werner Kloas
- Department of Ecophysiology and Aquaculture, Leibniz-Institute for Freshwater Ecology and Inland Fisheries, Müggelseedamm 310, 12587 Berlin, Germany; Department of Endocrinology, Institute of Biology, Humboldt-University, Berlin, Germany
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Regnier SM, Sargis RM. Adipocytes under assault: environmental disruption of adipose physiology. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA 2014; 1842:520-33. [PMID: 23735214 PMCID: PMC3823640 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2013.05.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2013] [Revised: 04/29/2013] [Accepted: 05/24/2013] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The burgeoning obesity epidemic has placed enormous strains on individual and societal health mandating a careful search for pathogenic factors, including the contributions made by endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDCs). In addition to evidence that some exogenous chemicals have the capacity to modulate classical hormonal signaling axes, there is mounting evidence that several EDCs can also disrupt metabolic pathways and alter energy homeostasis. Adipose tissue appears to be a particularly important target of these metabolic disruptions. A diverse array of compounds has been shown to alter adipocyte differentiation, and several EDCs have been shown to modulate adipocyte physiology, including adipocytic insulin action and adipokine secretion. This rapidly emerging evidence demonstrating that environmental contaminants alter adipocyte function emphasizes the potential role that disruption of adipose physiology by EDCs may play in the global epidemic of metabolic disease. Further work is required to better characterize the molecular targets responsible for mediating the effects of EDCs on adipose tissue. Improved understanding of the precise signaling pathways altered by exposure to environmental contaminants will enhance our understanding of which chemicals pose a threat to metabolic health and how those compounds synergize with lifestyle factors to promote obesity and its associated complications. This knowledge may also improve our capacity to predict which synthetic compounds may alter energy homeostasis before they are released into the environment while also providing critical evidentiary support for efforts to restrict the production and use of chemicals that pose the greatest threat to human metabolic health. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled: Modulation of Adipose Tissue in Health and Disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shane M Regnier
- Committee on Molecular Metabolism and Nutrition, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Robert M Sargis
- Committee on Molecular Metabolism and Nutrition, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA; Kovler Diabetes Center, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA; Section of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA.
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Matsushima A, Ryan K, Shimohigashi Y, Meinertzhagen IA. An endocrine disruptor, bisphenol A, affects development in the protochordate Ciona intestinalis: hatching rates and swimming behavior alter in a dose-dependent manner. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2013; 173:257-263. [PMID: 23207495 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2012.10.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2012] [Revised: 10/04/2012] [Accepted: 10/10/2012] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Bisphenol A (BPA) is widely used industrially to produce polycarbonate plastics and epoxy resins. Numerous studies document the harmful effects caused by low-dose BPA exposure especially on nervous systems and behavior in experimental animals such as mice and rats. Here, we exposed embryos of a model chordate, Ciona intestinalis, to seawater containing BPA to evaluate adverse effects on embryonic development and on the swimming behavior of subsequent larvae. Ciona is ideal because its larva develops rapidly and has few cells. The rate of larval hatching decreased in a dose-dependent manner with exposures to BPA above 3 μM; swimming behavior was also affected in larvae emerging from embryos exposed to 1 μM BPA. Adverse effects were most severe on fertilized eggs exposed to BPA within 7 h post-fertilization. Ciona shares twelve nuclear receptors with mammals, and BPA is proposed to disturb the physiological functions of one or more of these.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayami Matsushima
- Laboratory of Structure-Function Biochemistry, Department of Chemistry, Faculty and Graduate School of Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 812-8581, Japan.
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Viguié C, Collet SH, Gayrard V, Picard-Hagen N, Puel S, Roques BB, Toutain PL, Lacroix MZ. Maternal and fetal exposure to bisphenol a is associated with alterations of thyroid function in pregnant ewes and their newborn lambs. Endocrinology 2013; 154:521-8. [PMID: 23150491 DOI: 10.1210/en.2012-1401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The putative thyroid-disrupting properties of bisphenol A (BPA) highlight the need for an evaluation of fetal exposure and its consequence on the mother/newborn thyroid functions in models relevant to human. The goals of this study were to characterize in sheep a relevant model for human pregnancy and thyroid physiology, the internal exposures of the fetuses and their mothers to BPA and its main metabolite BPA-glucuronide (Gluc), and to determine to what extent it might be associated with thyroid disruption. Ewes were treated with BPA [5 mg/(kg · d) sc] or vehicle from d 28 until the end of pregnancy. Unconjugated BPA did not appear to accumulate in pregnant ewes, and its concentration was similar in the newborns and their mothers (0.13 ± 0.02 and 0.18 ± 0.03 nmol/ml in cord and maternal blood, respectively). In amniotic fluid and cord blood, BPA-Gluc concentrations were about 1300-fold higher than those of BPA. Total T(4) concentrations were decreased in BPA-treated pregnant ewes and in the cord and the jugular blood of their newborns (30% decrease). A similar difference was observed for free T(4) plasma concentrations in the jugular blood of the newborns. Our results show in a long-gestation species with a similar regulatory scheme of thyroid function as humans that BPA in utero exposure can be associated with hypothyroidism in the newborns. If such an effect were to be confirmed for a more relevant exposure scheme to BPA, this would constitute a major issue for BPA risk assessment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catherine Viguié
- Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique/Institut National Polytechnique/Université Paul Sabatire, Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire de Toulouse, Laboratoire de Physiologie, 23 chemin des Capelles, BP 87614, F-31076 Toulouse cedex 3, France.
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Schwartzer JJ, Koenig CM, Berman RF. Using mouse models of autism spectrum disorders to study the neurotoxicology of gene-environment interactions. Neurotoxicol Teratol 2012; 36:17-35. [PMID: 23010509 DOI: 10.1016/j.ntt.2012.08.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2012] [Revised: 08/28/2012] [Accepted: 08/30/2012] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
To better study the role of genetics in autism, mouse models have been developed which mimic the genetics of specific autism spectrum and related disorders. These models have facilitated research on the role genetic susceptibility factors in the pathogenesis of autism in the absence of environmental factors. Inbred mouse strains have been similarly studied to assess the role of environmental agents on neurodevelopment, typically without the complications of genetic heterogeneity of the human population. What has not been as actively pursued, however, is the methodical study of the interaction between these factors (e.g., gene and environmental interactions in neurodevelopment). This review suggests that a genetic predisposition paired with exposure to environmental toxicants plays an important role in the etiology of neurodevelopmental disorders including autism, and may contribute to the largely unexplained rise in the number of children diagnosed with autism worldwide. Specifically, descriptions of the major mouse models of autism and toxic mechanisms of prevalent environmental chemicals are provided followed by a discussion of current and future research strategies to evaluate the role of gene and environment interactions in neurodevelopmental disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jared J Schwartzer
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, MIND Institute, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA 95618, United States.
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Endocrine-disrupting chemicals: associated disorders and mechanisms of action. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2012; 2012:713696. [PMID: 22991565 PMCID: PMC3443608 DOI: 10.1155/2012/713696] [Citation(s) in RCA: 334] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2012] [Revised: 05/10/2012] [Accepted: 05/10/2012] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The incidence and/or prevalence of health problems associated with endocrine-disruption have increased. Many chemicals have endocrine-disrupting properties, including bisphenol A, some organochlorines, polybrominated flame retardants, perfluorinated substances, alkylphenols, phthalates, pesticides, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, alkylphenols, solvents, and some household products including some cleaning products, air fresheners, hair dyes, cosmetics, and sunscreens. Even some metals were shown to have endocrine-disrupting properties. Many observations suggesting that endocrine disruptors do contribute to cancer, diabetes, obesity, the metabolic syndrome, and infertility are listed in this paper. An overview is presented of mechanisms contributing to endocrine disruption. Endocrine disruptors can act through classical nuclear receptors, but also through estrogen-related receptors, membrane-bound estrogen-receptors, and interaction with targets in the cytosol resulting in activation of the Src/Ras/Erk pathway or modulation of nitric oxide. In addition, changes in metabolism of endogenous hormones, cross-talk between genomic and nongenomic pathways, cross talk with estrogen receptors after binding on other receptors, interference with feedback regulation and neuroendocrine cells, changes in DNA methylation or histone modifications, and genomic instability by interference with the spindle figure can play a role. Also it was found that effects of receptor activation can differ in function of the ligand.
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Brucker-Davis F, Ferrari P, Boda-Buccino M, Wagner-Mahler K, Pacini P, Gal J, Azuar P, Fenichel P. Cord blood thyroid tests in boys born with and without cryptorchidism: correlations with birth parameters and in utero xenobiotics exposure. Thyroid 2011; 21:1133-41. [PMID: 21875366 DOI: 10.1089/thy.2010.0459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In utero exposure to environmental chemicals can result in reproductive toxicity via endocrine disruption mechanisms. Whether some of those contaminants also have an impact on fetal thyroid function or pathways, and, thus, potentially on neuropsychological development, is still debated. METHODS We used samples from a cord blood (CB) and milk bank, established for a research on cryptorchidism and xenobiotic exposure to compounds known for their anti-androgenic and/or estrogenic activity, to study CB thyroid tests and their correlation with CB and milk xenobiotics concentrations in boys born in Nice area. RESULTS No difference was found in thyroid tests between 60 cryptorchid boys and 76 matched controls (median thyroid stimulating hormone 5.97 vs. 6.55 mUI/L, free thyroxine [fT4] 13.1 vs. 12.9 pmol/L, free triiodothyronine [fT3] 1.9 vs. 2.1 pmol/L), with no influence of season of birth, gestational age, maternal smoking, or mode of delivery (except for higher fT4 in control boys born vaginally). FT4 was correlated with fetal growth only in cryptorchid boys. Since we had previously shown differences between cryptorchid and controls exposure, we studied correlations of thyroid tests with xenobiotics in control boys only. All tested CB or maternal milk was contaminated by one or more selected xenobiotics, mainly polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), dichloro diphenyl dichloroethylène (DDE), dibutylphthalate, hexachlorobenzene, and bisphenol A. We found a significant negative correlation between fT4 and concentrations of PCB118, PC180, and DDE in milk (respectively r = -0.342, p < 0.03, r = -0.296, p = 0.031, r = -0.315, p = 0.016), persisting after adjustment for mode of delivery. There was a significant positive correlation of fT3 with milk concentrations of PCB138, PCB153, ΣPCB, and dibutylphthalate (respectively r = 0.31, p = 0.016, r = 0.28, p = 0.029; r = 0.34, p = 0.0079 and r = 0.272, p = 0.0295), with a trend for PCB180 (r = 0.259, p = 0.061). There was no correlation of thyroid stimulating hormone with any of the measured xenobiotics, except for a weak negative trend with CB bisphenol A (r = -0.25, p = 0.077). CONCLUSIONS CB thyroid tests are within normal range in cryptorchid boys, similar to controls. Our data in controls suggest a possible weak correlation between in utero exposure to some xenobiotics (PCBs, DDE) and fT3 and fT4 CB concentrations, with usually negative correlations with fT4 and positive with fT3 concentrations, which we speculate could suggest an impact on deiodinases.
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Sieratowicz A, Stange D, Schulte-Oehlmann U, Oehlmann J. Reproductive toxicity of bisphenol A and cadmium in Potamopyrgus antipodarum and modulation of bisphenol A effects by different test temperature. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2011; 159:2766-2774. [PMID: 21737193 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2011.05.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2011] [Revised: 05/12/2011] [Accepted: 05/13/2011] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
An OECD initiative for the development of mollusc-based toxicity tests for endocrine disrupters and other chemicals has recommended three test species with respective test designs for further standardisation. Preparing a subsequent pre-validation study we performed a reproduction test with Potamopyrgus antipodarum, determining the concentration range of the selected test substances, bisphenol A (BPA) and cadmium (Cd). At 16 °C, the recommended test temperature, the number of embryos in the brood pouch was increased by BPA and decreased by Cd (NOEC: 20 μg BPA/L and 1 μg Cd/L). Coinstantaneous BPA tests at 7 °C and 25 °C demonstrated a temperature dependency of the response, resulting in lower NOECs (5 μg/L respectively). As expected, reproduction in control groups significantly varied depending on temperature. Additional observations of the brood stock showed seasonal fluctuations in reproduction under constant laboratory conditions. The recommended temperature range and test conditions have to be further investigated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agnes Sieratowicz
- Department of Aquatic Ecotoxicology, Johann Wolfgang Goethe University Frankfurt am Main, Siesmayerstrasse 70, 60323 Frankfurt, Germany.
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Rubin BS. Bisphenol A: an endocrine disruptor with widespread exposure and multiple effects. J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol 2011; 127:27-34. [PMID: 21605673 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsbmb.2011.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 836] [Impact Index Per Article: 64.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2010] [Revised: 04/29/2011] [Accepted: 05/05/2011] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Bisphenol A (BPA) is one of the highest volume chemicals produced worldwide. This compound is a building block of polycarbonate plastics often used for food and beverage storage, and BPA is also a component of epoxy resins that are used to line food and beverage containers. Studies have shown that BPA can leach from these and other products in contact with food and drink, and as a result, routine ingestion of BPA is presumed. This compound is also found in an enormous number of other products that we come into contact with daily, and therefore it is not surprising that it has been detected in the majority of individuals examined. BPA is a known endocrine disruptor. Although initially considered to be a weak environmental estrogen, more recent studies have demonstrated that BPA may be similar in potency to estradiol in stimulating some cellular responses. Moreover, emerging evidence suggests that BPA may influence multiple endocrine-related pathways. Studies in rodents have identified adverse effects of BPA at levels at or below the current acceptable daily intake level for this compound. The various reported adverse effects of BPA are reviewed, and potential mechanisms of BPA action are discussed. Much more investigation is needed to understand the potential adverse health effects of BPA exposure in humans and to understand the multiple pathways through which it may act. Although many questions remain to be answered, it is becoming increasingly apparent that exposure to BPA is ubiquitous and that the effects of this endocrine disruptor are complex and wide-ranging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beverly S Rubin
- Department of Anatomy and Cellular Biology, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02111, United States.
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Davis PJ, Lin HY, Mousa SA, Luidens MK, Hercbergs AA, Wehling M, Davis FB. Overlapping nongenomic and genomic actions of thyroid hormone and steroids. Steroids 2011; 76:829-33. [PMID: 21354437 DOI: 10.1016/j.steroids.2011.02.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2010] [Revised: 01/14/2011] [Accepted: 02/16/2011] [Indexed: 02/09/2023]
Abstract
Nuclear receptors for thyroid hormone and steroids are members of a receptor superfamily with similar molecular organization, but discrete transcriptional functions that define genomic actions of these nonpeptide hormones. Nongenomic actions of thyroid hormone and estrogens and androgens are initiated outside the nucleus, at receptors in the plasma membrane or in cytoplasm; these actions are largely regarded to be unique to the respective hormones. However, there is an increasing number of descriptions of overlapping nongenomic and genomic effects of thyroid hormone and estrogens and testosterone. These effects are concentrated in tumor cells, where, for example, estrogens and thyroid hormone have similar mitogen-activate protein kinase (MAPK)-dependent proliferative actions on ERα-positive human breast cancer cells, and where dihydrotestosterone also can stimulate proliferation. Steroids and thyroid hormone have similar anti-apoptotic effects in certain tumors. But thyroid hormone and steroids also have overlapping or interacting nongenomic and genomic actions in heart and brain cells. These various effects of thyroid hormone and estrogens and androgens are reviewed here and their possible clinical consequences are enumerated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul J Davis
- Signal Transduction Laboratory, Ordway Research Institute, Albany, NY 12208, USA.
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Giera S, Bansal R, Ortiz-Toro TM, Taub DG, Zoeller RT. Individual polychlorinated biphenyl (PCB) congeners produce tissue- and gene-specific effects on thyroid hormone signaling during development. Endocrinology 2011; 152:2909-19. [PMID: 21540284 PMCID: PMC3115602 DOI: 10.1210/en.2010-1490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCB) are industrial chemicals linked to developmental deficits that may be caused in part by disrupting thyroid hormone (TH) action by either reducing serum TH or interacting directly with the TH receptor (TR). Individual PCB congeners can activate the TR in vitro when the metabolic enzyme cytochrome P4501A1 (CYP1A1) is induced, suggesting that specific PCB metabolites act as TR agonists. To test this hypothesis in vivo, we compared two combinations of PCB congeners that either activate the TR (PCB 105 and 118) or not (PCB 138 and 153) in the presence or absence of a PCB congener (PCB 126) that induces CYP1A1 in vitro. Aroclor 1254 was used as a positive control, and a group treated with propylthiouracil was included to characterize the effects of low serum TH. We monitored the effects on TH signaling in several peripheral tissues by measuring the mRNA expression of well-known TH-response genes in these tissues. Aroclor 1254 and its component PCB 105/118/126 reduced total T(4) to the same extent as that of propylthiouracil but increased the expression of some TH target genes in liver. This effect was strongly correlated with CYP1A1 expression supporting the hypothesis that metabolism is necessary. Effects were gene and tissue specific, indicating that tissue-specific metabolism is an important component of PCB disruption of TH action and that PCB metabolites interact in complex ways with the TR. These are essential mechanisms to consider when evaluating the health risks of contaminant exposures, for both PCB and other polycyclic compounds known to interact with nuclear hormone receptors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefanie Giera
- Molecular and Cellular Biology Program, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, Massachusetts 01003, USA
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