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O'Donnell BL, Stefan D, Chiu YH, Zeitz MJ, Tang J, Johnston D, Leighton SE, Kessel CV, Barr K, Gyenis L, Freeman TJ, Kelly JJ, Sayedyahossein S, Litchfield DW, Roth K, Smyth JW, Hebb M, Ronald J, Bayliss DA, Penuela S. Novel Pannexin 1 isoform is increased in cancer. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.09.09.612143. [PMID: 39314291 PMCID: PMC11419113 DOI: 10.1101/2024.09.09.612143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/25/2024]
Abstract
Pannexin 1 (PANX1) is upregulated in many cancers, where its activity and signalling promote tumorigenic properties. Here, we report a novel ∼25 kDa isoform of human PANX1 (hPANX1-25K) which lacks the N-terminus and was detected in several human cancer cell lines including melanoma, osteosarcoma, breast cancer and glioblastoma multiforme. This isoform was increased upon hPANX1 CRISPR/Cas9 deletion targeting the first exon near M1, suggesting a potential alternative translation initiation (ATI) site. hPANX1-25K was confirmed to be a hPANX1 isoform via mass spectrometry, can be N-linked glycosylated at N254, and can interact with both β-catenin and full length hPANX1. A double deletion of hPANX1 and hPANX1-25K reduces cell growth and viability in cancer cells. hPANX1-25K is prevalent throughout melanoma progression, and its levels are increased in squamous cell carcinoma cells and patient-derived tumours, compared to keratinocytes and normal skin, indicating that it may be differentially regulated in normal and cancer cells.
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Tang X, Wang H, Liu H, Li G, Sturgis EM, Shete S, Wei Q. Potentially functional variants of CHMP4A and PANX1 in the pyroptosis-related pathway predict survival of patients with non-oropharyngeal head and neck squamous cell carcinoma. Mol Carcinog 2024; 63:1712-1721. [PMID: 38860607 PMCID: PMC11329348 DOI: 10.1002/mc.23767] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2023] [Revised: 05/08/2024] [Accepted: 05/20/2024] [Indexed: 06/12/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pyroptosis has been implicated in the advancement of various cancers. Triggering pyroptosis within tumors amplifies the immune response, thereby fostering an antitumor immune environment. Nonetheless, few published studies have evaluated associations between functional variants in the pyroptosis-related genes and clinical outcomes of patients with non-oropharyngeal head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (NON-ORO HNSCC). METHODS We conducted an association study of 985 NON-ORO HNSCC patients who were randomly divided into two groups: the discovery group of 492 patients and the replication group of 493 patients. We used Cox proportional hazards regression analysis to examine associations between genetic variants of the pyroptosis-related genes and survival of patients with NON-ORO HNSCC. Bayesian false discovery probability (BFDP) was used for multiple testing correction. Functional annotation was applied to the identified survival-associated genetic variants. RESULTS There are 8254 single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) located in 82 pyroptosis-related genes, of which 202 SNPs passed multiple testing correction with BFDP < 0.8 in the discovery and six SNPs retained statistically significant in the replication. In subsequent stepwise multivariable Cox regression analysis, two independent SNPs (CHMP4A rs1997996 G > A and PANX1 rs56175344 C > G) remained significant with an adjusted hazard ratios (HR) of 1.31 (95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.09-1.57, p = 0.004) and 0.65 (95% CI = 0.51-0.83, p = 0.0005) for overall survival (OS), respectively. Further analysis of the combined genotypes revealed progressively worse OS associated with the number of unfavorable genotypes (ptrend < 0.0001 and 0.021 for OS and disease-specific survival, respectively). Moreover, both PANX1 rs56175344G and CHMP4A rs1997996A alleles were correlated with reduced mRNA expression levels. CONCLUSIONS Genetic variants in the pyroptosis pathway genes may predict the survival of NON-ORO HNSCC patients, likely by reducing the gene expression, but our findings need to be replicated by larger studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaozhun Tang
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, the Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Guangxi Cancer Hospital, Nanning, China
- Duke Cancer Institute, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA
- Department of Population Health Sciences, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Huiling Wang
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, the Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Guangxi Cancer Hospital, Nanning, China
- Duke Cancer Institute, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA
- Department of Population Health Sciences, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Hongliang Liu
- Duke Cancer Institute, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA
- Department of Population Health Sciences, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Guojun Li
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Erich M. Sturgis
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Sanjay Shete
- Department of Biostatistics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Qingyi Wei
- Duke Cancer Institute, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA
- Department of Population Health Sciences, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, USA
- Department of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA
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Vásquez W, Toro CA, Cardozo CP, Cea LA, Sáez JC. Pathophysiological role of connexin and pannexin hemichannels in neuromuscular disorders. J Physiol 2024. [PMID: 39173050 DOI: 10.1113/jp286173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2024] [Accepted: 07/17/2024] [Indexed: 08/24/2024] Open
Abstract
A growing body of research has provided evidence that de novo expression of connexin hemichannels and upregulation of pannexin hemichannels (Cx HCs and Panx HCs, respectively) in the cytoplasmic membrane of skeletal muscle (sarcolemma) are critical steps in the pathogenesis of muscle dysfunction of many genetic and acquired muscle diseases. This review provides an overview of the current understanding of the molecular mechanisms regulating the expression of Cx and Panx HCs in skeletal muscle, as well as their roles in both muscle physiology and pathologies. Additionally, it addresses existing gaps in knowledge and outlines future challenges in the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Walter Vásquez
- Departamento de Fisiología, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
- Instituto de Neurociencias, Centro Interdisciplinario De Neurociencia De Valparaíso, Universidad de Valparaíso, Valparaíso, Chile
| | - Carlos A Toro
- Spinal Cord Damage Research Center, James J Peters VA Medical Center, Bronx, NY, USA
- Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Christopher P Cardozo
- Spinal Cord Damage Research Center, James J Peters VA Medical Center, Bronx, NY, USA
- Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Luis A Cea
- Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Autónoma de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Juan C Sáez
- Instituto de Neurociencias, Centro Interdisciplinario De Neurociencia De Valparaíso, Universidad de Valparaíso, Valparaíso, Chile
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Liu Y, Fan Y, Gong R, Qiu M, Wei X, Lin Q, Zhou Z, Cao J, Jiang Y, Chen P, Chen B, Yang X, Wei Y, Zhang R, Wen Q, Yu H. Novel genetic variants in the NLRP3 inflammasome-related PANX1 and APP genes predict survival of patients with hepatitis B virus-related hepatocellular carcinoma. Clin Transl Oncol 2024:10.1007/s12094-024-03634-x. [PMID: 39090420 DOI: 10.1007/s12094-024-03634-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2024] [Accepted: 07/19/2024] [Indexed: 08/04/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The nod-like receptor protein 3 (NLRP3) is one of the most characterized inflammasomes involved in the pathogenesis of several cancers, including hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). However, the effects of genetic variants in the NLRP3 inflammasome-related genes on survival of hepatitis B virus (HBV)-related HCC patients are unclear. METHODS We performed multivariable Cox proportional hazards regression analysis to evaluate associations between 299 single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in 16 NLRP3 inflammasome-related genes and overall survival (OS) of 866 patients with HBV-related HCC. We further performed expression quantitative trait loci (eQTL) analysis using the data from the GTEx project and 1000 Genomes projects, and performed differential expression analysis using the TCGA dataset to explore possible molecular mechanisms underlying the observed associations. RESULTS We found that two functional SNPs (PANX1 rs3020013 A > G and APP rs9976425 C > T) were significantly associated with HBV-related HCC OS with the adjusted hazard ratio (HR) of 0.83 [95% confidence interval (CI) = 0.73-0.95, P = 0.008], and 1.26 (95% CI = 1.02-1.55, P = 0.033), respectively. Moreover, the eQTL analysis revealed that the rs3020013 G allele was correlated with decreased mRNA expression levels of PANX1 in both normal liver tissues (P = 0.044) and whole blood (P < 0.001) in the GTEx dataset, and PANX1 mRNA expression levels were significantly higher in HCC samples and associated with a poorer survival of HCC patients. However, we did not observe such correlations for APP rs9976425. CONCLUSIONS These results indicated that SNPs in the NLRP3 inflammasome-related genes may serve as potential biomarkers for HBV-related HCC survival, once replicated by additional larger studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingchun Liu
- Department of Experimental Research, Guangxi Medical University Cancer Hospital, 71 Hedi Road, Nanning, Guangxi, China
- Key Cultivated Laboratory of Cancer Molecular Medicine of Guangxi Health Commission, Guangxi Medical University Cancer Hospital, 71 Hedi Road, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Yuman Fan
- Department of Experimental Research, Guangxi Medical University Cancer Hospital, 71 Hedi Road, Nanning, Guangxi, China
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Guangxi Medical University, 22 Shuangyong Road, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Rongbin Gong
- Department of Experimental Research, Guangxi Medical University Cancer Hospital, 71 Hedi Road, Nanning, Guangxi, China
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Guangxi Medical University, 22 Shuangyong Road, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Moqin Qiu
- Department of Respiratory Oncology, Guangxi Medical University Cancer Hospital, 71 Hedi Road, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Xiaoxia Wei
- Department of Clinical Research, Guangxi Medical University Cancer Hospital, 71 Hedi Road, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Qiuling Lin
- Department of Clinical Research, Guangxi Medical University Cancer Hospital, 71 Hedi Road, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Zihan Zhou
- Department of Cancer Prevention and Control, Guangxi Medical University Cancer Hospital, 71 Hedi Road, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Ji Cao
- Department of Cancer Prevention and Control, Guangxi Medical University Cancer Hospital, 71 Hedi Road, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Yanji Jiang
- Department of Scientific Research, Guangxi Medical University Cancer Hospital, 71 Hedi Road, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Peiqin Chen
- Editorial Department of Chinese Journal of Oncology Prevention and Treatment, Guangxi Medical University Cancer Hospital, 71 Hedi Road, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Bowen Chen
- Department of Experimental Research, Guangxi Medical University Cancer Hospital, 71 Hedi Road, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Xiaobing Yang
- Department of Experimental Research, Guangxi Medical University Cancer Hospital, 71 Hedi Road, Nanning, Guangxi, China
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Guangxi Medical University, 22 Shuangyong Road, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Yuying Wei
- Department of Experimental Research, Guangxi Medical University Cancer Hospital, 71 Hedi Road, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - RuoXin Zhang
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Key Laboratory of Public Health Safety, Ministry of Education, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Qiuping Wen
- Department of Experimental Research, Guangxi Medical University Cancer Hospital, 71 Hedi Road, Nanning, Guangxi, China.
- Key Cultivated Laboratory of Cancer Molecular Medicine of Guangxi Health Commission, Guangxi Medical University Cancer Hospital, 71 Hedi Road, Nanning, Guangxi, China.
| | - Hongping Yu
- Department of Experimental Research, Guangxi Medical University Cancer Hospital, 71 Hedi Road, Nanning, Guangxi, China.
- Key Cultivated Laboratory of Cancer Molecular Medicine of Guangxi Health Commission, Guangxi Medical University Cancer Hospital, 71 Hedi Road, Nanning, Guangxi, China.
- Key Laboratory of Early Prevention and Treatment for Regional High Frequency Tumor (Guangxi Medical University), Ministry of Education, 22 Shuangyong Road, Nanning, Guangxi, China.
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Early Prevention and Treatment for Regional High Frequency Tumor, Nanning, 22 Shuangyong Road, Guangxi, China.
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Tichauer JE, Lira M, Cerpa W, Orellana JA, Sáez JC, Rovegno M. Inhibition of astroglial hemichannels prevents synaptic transmission decline during spreading depression. Biol Res 2024; 57:39. [PMID: 38867288 PMCID: PMC11167948 DOI: 10.1186/s40659-024-00519-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2024] [Accepted: 05/28/2024] [Indexed: 06/14/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Spreading depression (SD) is an intriguing phenomenon characterized by massive slow brain depolarizations that affect neurons and glial cells. This phenomenon is repetitive and produces a metabolic overload that increases secondary damage. However, the mechanisms associated with the initiation and propagation of SD are unknown. Multiple lines of evidence indicate that persistent and uncontrolled opening of hemichannels could participate in the pathogenesis and progression of several neurological disorders including acute brain injuries. Here, we explored the contribution of astroglial hemichannels composed of connexin-43 (Cx43) or pannexin-1 (Panx1) to SD evoked by high-K+ stimulation in brain slices. RESULTS Focal high-K+ stimulation rapidly evoked a wave of SD linked to increased activity of the Cx43 and Panx1 hemichannels in the brain cortex, as measured by light transmittance and dye uptake analysis, respectively. The activation of these channels occurs mainly in astrocytes but also in neurons. More importantly, the inhibition of both the Cx43 and Panx1 hemichannels completely prevented high K+-induced SD in the brain cortex. Electrophysiological recordings also revealed that Cx43 and Panx1 hemichannels critically contribute to the SD-induced decrease in synaptic transmission in the brain cortex and hippocampus. CONCLUSIONS Targeting Cx43 and Panx1 hemichannels could serve as a new therapeutic strategy to prevent the initiation and propagation of SD in several acute brain injuries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan E Tichauer
- Departamento de Medicina Intensiva, Facultad de Medicina, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Matías Lira
- Departamento de Biología Celular y Molecular, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Waldo Cerpa
- Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Juan A Orellana
- Departamento de Neurología, Escuela de Medicina, Facultad de Medicina, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile.
- Centro Interdisciplinario de Neurociencias, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile.
| | - Juan C Sáez
- Departamento de Fisiología, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile.
- Instituto de Neurociencias, Centro Interdisciplinario de Neurociencias de Valparaíso, Universidad de Valparaíso, Valparaíso, Chile.
| | - Maximiliano Rovegno
- Departamento de Medicina Intensiva, Facultad de Medicina, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile.
- Centro Interdisciplinario de Neurociencias, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile.
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6
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Vitureira N, Rafael A, Abudara V. P2X7 receptors and pannexin1 hemichannels shape presynaptic transmission. Purinergic Signal 2024; 20:223-236. [PMID: 37713157 PMCID: PMC11189373 DOI: 10.1007/s11302-023-09965-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2023] [Accepted: 09/06/2023] [Indexed: 09/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Over the last decades, since the discovery of ATP as a transmitter, accumulating evidence has been reported about the role of this nucleotide and purinergic receptors, in particular P2X7 receptors, in the modulation of synaptic strength and plasticity. Purinergic signaling has emerged as a crucial player in orchestrating the molecular interaction between the components of the tripartite synapse, and much progress has been made in how this neuron-glia interaction impacts neuronal physiology under basal and pathological conditions. On the other hand, pannexin1 hemichannels, which are functionally linked to P2X7 receptors, have appeared more recently as important modulators of excitatory synaptic function and plasticity under diverse contexts. In this review, we will discuss the contribution of ATP, P2X7 receptors, and pannexin hemichannels to the modulation of presynaptic strength and its impact on motor function, sensory processing, synaptic plasticity, and neuroglial communication, with special focus on the P2X7 receptor/pannexin hemichannel interplay. We also address major hypotheses about the role of this interaction in physiological and pathological circumstances.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathalia Vitureira
- Departamento de Fisiología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay.
| | - Alberto Rafael
- Departamento de Fisiología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Verónica Abudara
- Departamento de Fisiología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay.
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Ruan Z, Lee J, Li Y, Du J, Lü W. Human pannexin 1 channel is not phosphorylated by Src tyrosine kinase at Tyr199 and Tyr309. eLife 2024; 13:RP95118. [PMID: 38780416 PMCID: PMC11115448 DOI: 10.7554/elife.95118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Protein phosphorylation is one of the major molecular mechanisms regulating protein activity and function throughout the cell. Pannexin 1 (PANX1) is a large-pore channel permeable to ATP and other cellular metabolites. Its tyrosine phosphorylation and subsequent activation have been found to play critical roles in diverse cellular conditions, including neuronal cell death, acute inflammation, and smooth muscle contraction. Specifically, the non-receptor kinase Src has been reported to phosphorylate Tyr198 and Tyr308 of mouse PANX1 (equivalent to Tyr199 and Tyr309 of human PANX1), resulting in channel opening and ATP release. Although the Src-dependent PANX1 activation mechanism has been widely discussed in the literature, independent validation of the tyrosine phosphorylation of PANX1 has been lacking. Here, we show that commercially available antibodies against the two phosphorylation sites mentioned above-which were used to identify endogenous PANX1 phosphorylation at these two sites-are nonspecific and should not be used to interpret results related to PANX1 phosphorylation. We further provide evidence that neither tyrosine residue is a major phosphorylation site for Src kinase in heterologous expression systems. We call on the field to re-examine the existing paradigm of tyrosine phosphorylation-dependent activation of the PANX1 channel.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zheng Ruan
- Department of Structural Biology, Van Andel InstituteGrand RapidsUnited States
| | - Junuk Lee
- Department of Structural Biology, Van Andel InstituteGrand RapidsUnited States
| | - Yangyang Li
- Department of Structural Biology, Van Andel InstituteGrand RapidsUnited States
| | - Juan Du
- Department of Structural Biology, Van Andel InstituteGrand RapidsUnited States
| | - Wei Lü
- Department of Structural Biology, Van Andel InstituteGrand RapidsUnited States
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Nakayama A, Watanabe M, Yamashiro R, Kuroyanagi H, Matsuyama HJ, Oshima A, Mori I, Nakano S. A hyperpolarizing neuron recruits undocked innexin hemichannels to transmit neural information in Caenorhabditis elegans. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2024; 121:e2406565121. [PMID: 38753507 PMCID: PMC11127054 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2406565121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2024] [Accepted: 04/19/2024] [Indexed: 05/18/2024] Open
Abstract
While depolarization of the neuronal membrane is known to evoke the neurotransmitter release from synaptic vesicles, hyperpolarization is regarded as a resting state of chemical neurotransmission. Here, we report that hyperpolarizing neurons can actively signal neural information by employing undocked hemichannels. We show that UNC-7, a member of the innexin family in Caenorhabditis elegans, functions as a hemichannel in thermosensory neurons and transmits temperature information from the thermosensory neurons to their postsynaptic interneurons. By monitoring neural activities in freely behaving animals, we find that hyperpolarizing thermosensory neurons inhibit the activity of the interneurons and that UNC-7 hemichannels regulate this process. UNC-7 is required to control thermotaxis behavior and functions independently of synaptic vesicle exocytosis. Our findings suggest that innexin hemichannels mediate neurotransmission from hyperpolarizing neurons in a manner that is distinct from the synaptic transmission, expanding the way of neural circuitry operations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Airi Nakayama
- Department of Biological Science, Graduate School of Science, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Aichi464-8602, Japan
| | - Masakatsu Watanabe
- Laboratory of Pattern Formation, Graduate School of Frontier Biosciences, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka565-0871, Japan
| | - Riku Yamashiro
- Department of Biological Science, Graduate School of Science, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Aichi464-8602, Japan
| | - Hiroo Kuroyanagi
- Department of Biological Science, Graduate School of Science, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Aichi464-8602, Japan
| | - Hironori J. Matsuyama
- Group of Molecular Neurobiology, Neuroscience Institute, Graduate School of Science, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Aichi464-8602, Japan
| | - Atsunori Oshima
- Department of Basic Biology, Cellular and Structural Physiology Institute, Nagoya University, Chikusa, Nagoya464-8601, Japan
- Department of Basic Medicinal Sciences, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Aichi464-8601, Japan
- Molecular Physiology Division, Institute for Glyco-core Research, Nagoya University, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya464-8601, Japan
- Division of Innovative Modality Development, Center for One Medicine Innovative Translational Research, Gifu University Institute for Advanced Study, Gifu501-11193, Japan
| | - Ikue Mori
- Group of Molecular Neurobiology, Neuroscience Institute, Graduate School of Science, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Aichi464-8602, Japan
- Chinese Institute for Brain Research, Changping District, Beijing102206, China
| | - Shunji Nakano
- Department of Biological Science, Graduate School of Science, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Aichi464-8602, Japan
- Group of Molecular Neurobiology, Neuroscience Institute, Graduate School of Science, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Aichi464-8602, Japan
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Huang Y, Shi Y, Wang M, Liu B, Chang X, Xiao X, Yu H, Cui X, Bai Y. Pannexin1 Channel-Mediated Inflammation in Acute Ischemic Stroke. Aging Dis 2024; 15:1296-1307. [PMID: 37196132 PMCID: PMC11081155 DOI: 10.14336/ad.2023.0303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2022] [Accepted: 03/03/2023] [Indexed: 05/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Emerging evidence suggests that inflammation mediated by the pannexin1 channel contributes significantly to acute ischemic stroke. It is believed that the pannexin1 channel is key in initiating central system inflammation during the early stages of acute ischemic stroke. Moreover, the pannexin1 channel is involved in the inflammatory cascade to maintain the inflammation levels. Specifically, the interaction of pannexin1 channels with ATP-sensitive P2X7 purinoceptors or promotion of potassium efflux mediates the activation of the NLRP3 inflammasome, triggering the release of pro-inflammatory factors such as IL-1 and IL-18, exacerbating and sustaining inflammation of brain. Also, increased release of ATP induced by cerebrovascular injury activates pannexin1 in vascular endothelial cells. This signal directs peripheral leukocytes to migrate into ischemic brain tissue, leading to an expansion of the inflammatory zone. Intervention strategies targeting pannexin1 channels may greatly alleviate inflammation after acute ischemic stroke to improve this patient population's clinical outcomes. In this review, we sought to summarize relevant studies on inflammation mediated by the pannexin1 channel in acute ischemic stroke and discussed the possibility of using brain organoid-on-a-chip technology to screen miRNAs that exclusively target the pannexin1 channel to provide new therapeutic measures for targeted regulation of pannexin1 channel to reduce inflammation in acute ischemic stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yubing Huang
- Department of Neurology, Dalian University Affiliated Xinhua Hospital, Dalian, Liaoning, China
- Graduate School, Dalian University, Dalian, Liaoning, China
| | - Yutong Shi
- Department of Neurology, Dalian University Affiliated Xinhua Hospital, Dalian, Liaoning, China
- Graduate School, Dalian University, Dalian, Liaoning, China
| | - Mengmeng Wang
- Department of Neurology, Dalian University Affiliated Xinhua Hospital, Dalian, Liaoning, China
- Medical College, Institute of Microanalysis, Dalian University, Dalian, Liaoning, China
- Graduate School, Dalian University, Dalian, Liaoning, China
| | - Bingyi Liu
- Department of Neurology, Dalian University Affiliated Xinhua Hospital, Dalian, Liaoning, China
- Graduate School, Dalian University, Dalian, Liaoning, China
| | - Xueqin Chang
- Department of Neurology, Dalian University Affiliated Xinhua Hospital, Dalian, Liaoning, China
- Graduate School, Dalian University, Dalian, Liaoning, China
| | - Xia Xiao
- Department of Neurology, Dalian University Affiliated Xinhua Hospital, Dalian, Liaoning, China
- Graduate School, Dalian University, Dalian, Liaoning, China
| | - Huihui Yu
- Department of Neurology, Dalian University Affiliated Xinhua Hospital, Dalian, Liaoning, China
- Graduate School, Dalian University, Dalian, Liaoning, China
| | - Xiaodie Cui
- Department of Neurology, Dalian University Affiliated Xinhua Hospital, Dalian, Liaoning, China
- Graduate School, Dalian University, Dalian, Liaoning, China
| | - Ying Bai
- Department of Neurology, Dalian University Affiliated Xinhua Hospital, Dalian, Liaoning, China
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10
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Luo Y, Zheng S, Xiao W, Zhang H, Li Y. Pannexins in the musculoskeletal system: new targets for development and disease progression. Bone Res 2024; 12:26. [PMID: 38705887 PMCID: PMC11070431 DOI: 10.1038/s41413-024-00334-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2023] [Revised: 03/04/2024] [Accepted: 04/01/2024] [Indexed: 05/07/2024] Open
Abstract
During cell differentiation, growth, and development, cells can respond to extracellular stimuli through communication channels. Pannexin (Panx) family and connexin (Cx) family are two important types of channel-forming proteins. Panx family contains three members (Panx1-3) and is expressed widely in bone, cartilage and muscle. Although there is no sequence homology between Panx family and Cx family, they exhibit similar configurations and functions. Similar to Cxs, the key roles of Panxs in the maintenance of physiological functions of the musculoskeletal system and disease progression were gradually revealed later. Here, we seek to elucidate the structure of Panxs and their roles in regulating processes such as osteogenesis, chondrogenesis, and muscle growth. We also focus on the comparison between Cx and Panx. As a new key target, Panxs expression imbalance and dysfunction in muscle and the therapeutic potentials of Panxs in joint diseases are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Luo
- Department of Orthopedics, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410008, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410008, China
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Xiangya Medicine School, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410008, China
| | - Shengyuan Zheng
- Department of Orthopedics, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410008, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410008, China
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Xiangya Medicine School, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410008, China
| | - Wenfeng Xiao
- Department of Orthopedics, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410008, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410008, China
| | - Hang Zhang
- Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, 518055, China.
| | - Yusheng Li
- Department of Orthopedics, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410008, China.
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410008, China.
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11
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Puebla M, Muñoz MF, Lillo MA, Contreras JE, Figueroa XF. Control of astrocytic Ca 2+ signaling by nitric oxide-dependent S-nitrosylation of Ca 2+ homeostasis modulator 1 channels. Biol Res 2024; 57:19. [PMID: 38689353 PMCID: PMC11059852 DOI: 10.1186/s40659-024-00503-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2023] [Accepted: 04/18/2024] [Indexed: 05/02/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Astrocytes Ca2+ signaling play a central role in the modulation of neuronal function. Activation of metabotropic glutamate receptors (mGluR) by glutamate released during an increase in synaptic activity triggers coordinated Ca2+ signals in astrocytes. Importantly, astrocytes express the Ca2+-dependent nitric oxide (NO)-synthetizing enzymes eNOS and nNOS, which might contribute to the Ca2+ signals by triggering Ca2+ influx or ATP release through the activation of connexin 43 (Cx43) hemichannels, pannexin-1 (Panx-1) channels or Ca2+ homeostasis modulator 1 (CALHM1) channels. Hence, we aim to evaluate the participation of NO in the astrocytic Ca2+ signaling initiated by stimulation of mGluR in primary cultures of astrocytes from rat brain cortex. RESULTS Astrocytes were stimulated with glutamate or t-ACPD and NO-dependent changes in [Ca2+]i and ATP release were evaluated. In addition, the activity of Cx43 hemichannels, Panx-1 channels and CALHM1 channels was also analyzed. The expression of Cx43, Panx-1 and CALHM1 in astrocytes was confirmed by immunofluorescence analysis and both glutamate and t-ACPD induced NO-mediated activation of CALHM1 channels via direct S-nitrosylation, which was further confirmed by assessing CALHM1-mediated current using the two-electrode voltage clamp technique in Xenopus oocytes. Pharmacological blockade or siRNA-mediated inhibition of CALHM1 expression revealed that the opening of these channels provides a pathway for ATP release and the subsequent purinergic receptor-dependent activation of Cx43 hemichannels and Panx-1 channels, which further contributes to the astrocytic Ca2+ signaling. CONCLUSIONS Our findings demonstrate that activation of CALHM1 channels through NO-mediated S-nitrosylation in astrocytes in vitro is critical for the generation of glutamate-initiated astrocytic Ca2+ signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariela Puebla
- Departamento de Fisiología, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, 8330025, Santiago, Chile
| | - Manuel F Muñoz
- Departamento de Fisiología, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, 8330025, Santiago, Chile
- Department of Physiology and Membrane Biology, University of California Davis, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Mauricio A Lillo
- Department of Pharmacology, Physiology and Neuroscience, New Jersey Medical School, Rutgers University, Newark, NJ, USA
| | - Jorge E Contreras
- Department of Physiology and Membrane Biology, University of California Davis, Davis, CA, USA
- Department of Pharmacology, Physiology and Neuroscience, New Jersey Medical School, Rutgers University, Newark, NJ, USA
| | - Xavier F Figueroa
- Departamento de Fisiología, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, 8330025, Santiago, Chile.
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12
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Lucero CM, Navarro L, Barros-Osorio C, Cáceres-Conejeros P, Orellana JA, Gómez GI. Activation of Pannexin-1 channels causes cell dysfunction and damage in mesangial cells derived from angiotensin II-exposed mice. Front Cell Dev Biol 2024; 12:1387234. [PMID: 38660621 PMCID: PMC11041381 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2024.1387234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2024] [Accepted: 03/25/2024] [Indexed: 04/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a prevalent health concern associated with various pathological conditions, including hypertensive nephropathy. Mesangial cells are crucial in maintaining glomerular function, yet their involvement in CKD pathogenesis remains poorly understood. Recent evidence indicates that overactivation of Pannexin-1 (Panx1) channels could contribute to the pathogenesis and progression of various diseases. Although Panx1 is expressed in the kidney, its contribution to the dysfunction of renal cells during pathological conditions remains to be elucidated. This study aimed to investigate the impact of Panx1 channels on mesangial cell function in the context of hypertensive nephropathy. Using an Ang II-infused mouse model and primary mesangial cell cultures, we demonstrated that in vivo exposure to Ang II sensitizes cultured mesangial cells to show increased alterations when they are subjected to subsequent in vitro exposure to Ang II. Particularly, mesangial cell cultures treated with Ang II showed elevated activity of Panx1 channels and increased release of ATP. The latter was associated with enhanced basal intracellular Ca2+ ([Ca2+]i) and increased ATP-mediated [Ca2+]i responses. These effects were accompanied by increased lipid peroxidation and reduced cell viability. Crucially, all the adverse impacts evoked by Ang II were prevented by the blockade of Panx1 channels, underscoring their critical role in mediating cellular dysfunction in mesangial cells. By elucidating the mechanisms by which Ang II negatively impacts mesangial cell function, this study provides valuable insights into the pathogenesis of renal damage in hypertensive nephropathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia M. Lucero
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universidad Autónoma de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Laura Navarro
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universidad Autónoma de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Cristián Barros-Osorio
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universidad Autónoma de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Patricio Cáceres-Conejeros
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universidad Autónoma de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Juan A. Orellana
- Departamento de Neurología, Escuela de Medicina and Centro Interdisciplinario de Neurociencias, Facultad de Medicina, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Gonzalo I. Gómez
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universidad Autónoma de Chile, Santiago, Chile
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13
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Ruan Z, Lee J, Li Y, Du J, Lü W. Human Pannexin 1 Channel is NOT Phosphorylated by Src Tyrosine Kinase at Tyr199 and Tyr309. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2023.09.10.557063. [PMID: 38168229 PMCID: PMC10760007 DOI: 10.1101/2023.09.10.557063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2024]
Abstract
Protein phosphorylation is one of the major molecular mechanisms regulating protein activity and function throughout the cell. Pannexin 1 (PANX1) is a large-pore channel permeable to ATP and other cellular metabolites. Its tyrosine phosphorylation and subsequent activation have been found to play critical roles in diverse cellular conditions, including neuronal cell death, acute inflammation, and smooth muscle contraction. Specifically, the non-receptor kinase Src has been reported to phosphorylate Tyr198 and Tyr308 of mouse PANX1 (equivalent to Tyr199 and Tyr309 of human PANX1), resulting in channel opening and ATP release. Although the Src-dependent PANX1 activation mechanism has been widely discussed in the literature, independent validation of the tyrosine phosphorylation of PANX1 has been lacking. Here, we show that commercially available antibodies against the two phosphorylation sites mentioned above-which were used to identify endogenous PANX1 phosphorylation at these two sites-are nonspecific and should not be used to interpret results related to PANX1 phosphorylation. We further provide evidence that neither tyrosine residue is a major phosphorylation site for Src kinase in heterologous expression systems. We call on the field to re-examine the existing paradigm of tyrosine phosphorylation-dependent activation of the PANX1 channel.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zheng Ruan
- Department of Structural Biology, Van Andel Institute, Grand Rapids, MI 49503, USA
| | - Junuk Lee
- Department of Structural Biology, Van Andel Institute, Grand Rapids, MI 49503, USA
| | - Yangyang Li
- Department of Structural Biology, Van Andel Institute, Grand Rapids, MI 49503, USA
| | - Juan Du
- Department of Structural Biology, Van Andel Institute, Grand Rapids, MI 49503, USA
| | - Wei Lü
- Department of Structural Biology, Van Andel Institute, Grand Rapids, MI 49503, USA
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14
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Park HR, Azzara D, Cohen ED, Boomhower SR, Diwadkar AR, Himes BE, O'Reilly MA, Lu Q. Identification of novel NRF2-dependent genes as regulators of lead and arsenic toxicity in neural progenitor cells. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2024; 463:132906. [PMID: 37939567 PMCID: PMC10842917 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2023.132906] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2023] [Revised: 10/29/2023] [Accepted: 10/30/2023] [Indexed: 11/10/2023]
Abstract
Lead (Pb) and arsenic (As) are prevalent metal contaminants in the environment. Exposures to these metals are associated with impaired neuronal functions and adverse effects on neurodevelopment in children. However, the molecular mechanisms by which Pb and As impair neuronal functions remain poorly understood. Here, we identified F2RL2, TRIM16L, and PANX2 as novel targets of Nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (NRF2)-the master transcriptional factor for the oxidative stress response-that are commonly upregulated with both Pb and As in human neural progenitor cells (NPCs). Using a ChIP (Chromatin immunoprecipitation)-qPCR assay, we showed that NRF2 directly binds to the promoter region of F2RL2, TRIM16L, and PANX2 to regulate expression of these genes. We demonstrated that F2RL2, PANX2, and TRIM16L have differential effects on cell death, proliferation, and differentiation of NPCs in both the presence and absence of metal exposures, highlighting their roles in regulating NPC function. Furthermore, the analyses of the transcriptomic data on NPCs derived from autism spectrum disorder (ASD) patients revealed that dysregulation of F2RL2, TRIM16L, and PANX2 was associated with ASD genetic backgrounds and ASD risk genes. Our findings revealed that Pb and As induce a shared NRF2-dependent transcriptional response in NPCs and identified novel genes regulating NPC function. While further in vivo studies are warranted, this study provides a novel mechanism linking metal exposures to NPC function and identifies potential genes of interest in the context of neurodevelopment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hae-Ryung Park
- Department of Environmental Medicine, School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, USA.
| | - David Azzara
- Department of Environmental Medicine, School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - Ethan D Cohen
- Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - Steven R Boomhower
- Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Avantika R Diwadkar
- Department of Biostatistics, Epidemiology and Informatics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Blanca E Himes
- Department of Biostatistics, Epidemiology and Informatics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Michael A O'Reilly
- Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - Quan Lu
- Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
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15
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McAllister BB, Stokes-Heck S, Harding EK, van den Hoogen NJ, Trang T. Targeting Pannexin-1 Channels: Addressing the 'Gap' in Chronic Pain. CNS Drugs 2024; 38:77-91. [PMID: 38353876 DOI: 10.1007/s40263-024-01061-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/07/2024] [Indexed: 02/22/2024]
Abstract
Chronic pain complicates many diseases and is notoriously difficult to treat. In search of new therapeutic targets, pannexin-1 (Panx1) channels have sparked intense interest as a key mechanism involved in a variety of chronic pain conditions. Panx1 channels are transmembrane proteins that release ions and small molecules, such as adenosine triphosphate (ATP). They are expressed along important nodes of the pain pathway, modulating activity of diverse cell types implicated in the development and progression of chronic pain caused by injury or pathology. This review highlights advances that have unlocked the core structure and machinery controlling Panx1 function with a focus on understanding and treating chronic pain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brendan B McAllister
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, T2N 4N1, Canada
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, T2N 4N1, Canada
- Hotchkiss Brain Institute, University of Calgary, 3330 Hospital Drive, Calgary, AB, T2N 4N1, Canada
| | - Sierra Stokes-Heck
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, T2N 4N1, Canada
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, T2N 4N1, Canada
- Hotchkiss Brain Institute, University of Calgary, 3330 Hospital Drive, Calgary, AB, T2N 4N1, Canada
| | - Erika K Harding
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, T2N 4N1, Canada
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, T2N 4N1, Canada
- Hotchkiss Brain Institute, University of Calgary, 3330 Hospital Drive, Calgary, AB, T2N 4N1, Canada
| | - Nynke J van den Hoogen
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, T2N 4N1, Canada
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, T2N 4N1, Canada
- Hotchkiss Brain Institute, University of Calgary, 3330 Hospital Drive, Calgary, AB, T2N 4N1, Canada
| | - Tuan Trang
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, T2N 4N1, Canada.
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, T2N 4N1, Canada.
- Hotchkiss Brain Institute, University of Calgary, 3330 Hospital Drive, Calgary, AB, T2N 4N1, Canada.
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16
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Purice MD, Severs LJ, Singhvi A. Glia in Invertebrate Models: Insights from Caenorhabditis elegans. ADVANCES IN NEUROBIOLOGY 2024; 39:19-49. [PMID: 39190070 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-031-64839-7_2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/28/2024]
Abstract
Glial cells modulate brain development, function, and health across all bilaterian animals, and studies in the past two decades have made rapid strides to uncover the underlying molecular mechanisms of glial functions. The nervous system of the invertebrate genetic model Caenorhabditis elegans (C. elegans) has small cell numbers with invariant lineages, mapped connectome, easy genetic manipulation, and a short lifespan, and the animal is also optically transparent. These characteristics are revealing C. elegans to be a powerful experimental platform for studying glial biology. This chapter discusses studies in C. elegans that add to our understanding of how glia modulate adult neural functions, and thereby animal behaviors, as well as emerging evidence of their roles as autonomous sensory cells. The rapid molecular and cellular advancements in understanding C. elegans glia in recent years underscore the utility of this model in studies of glial biology. We conclude with a perspective on future research avenues for C. elegans glia that may readily contribute molecular mechanistic insights into glial functions in the nervous system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria D Purice
- Division of Basic Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Liza J Severs
- Division of Basic Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Aakanksha Singhvi
- Division of Basic Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, WA, USA.
- Department of Biological Structure, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA, USA.
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17
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Cibelli A, Dohare P, Spray DC, Scemes E. Differential activation of mouse and human Panx1 channel variants. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0295710. [PMID: 38100403 PMCID: PMC10723736 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0295710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2023] [Accepted: 11/22/2023] [Indexed: 12/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Pannexins are ubiquitously expressed in human and mouse tissues. Pannexin 1 (Panx1), the most thoroughly characterized member of this family, forms plasmalemmal membrane channels permeable to relatively large molecules, such as ATP. Although human and mouse Panx1 amino acid sequences are conserved in the presently known regulatory sites involved in trafficking and modulation of the channel, differences are reported in the N- and C-termini of the protein, and the mechanisms of channel activation by different stimuli remain controversial. Here we used a neuroblastoma cell line to study the activation properties of endogenous mPanx1 and exogenously expressed hPanx1. Dye uptake and electrophysiological recordings revealed that in contrast to mouse Panx1, the human ortholog is insensitive to stimulation with high extracellular [K+] but responds similarly to activation of the purinergic P2X7 receptor. The two most frequent Panx1 polymorphisms found in the human population, Q5H (rs1138800) and E390D (rs74549886), exogenously expressed in Panx1-null N2a cells revealed that regarding P2X7 receptor mediated Panx1 activation, the Q5H mutant is a gain of function whereas the E390D mutant is a loss of function variant. Collectively, we demonstrate differences in the activation between human and mouse Panx1 orthologs and suggest that these differences may have translational implications for studies where Panx1 has been shown to have significant impact.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonio Cibelli
- Department of Neuroscience, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Preeti Dohare
- Department of Neuroscience, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - David C. Spray
- Department of Neuroscience, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Eliana Scemes
- Department of Cell Biology & Anatomy, New York Medical College, Valhalla, New York, United States of America
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18
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O'Donnell BL, Penuela S. Skin in the game: pannexin channels in healthy and cancerous skin. Biochem J 2023; 480:1929-1949. [PMID: 38038973 DOI: 10.1042/bcj20230176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2023] [Revised: 11/15/2023] [Accepted: 11/20/2023] [Indexed: 12/02/2023]
Abstract
The skin is a highly organized tissue composed of multiple layers and cell types that require coordinated cell to cell communication to maintain tissue homeostasis. In skin cancer, this organized structure and communication is disrupted, prompting the malignant transformation of healthy cells into melanoma, basal cell carcinoma or squamous cell carcinoma tumours. One such family of channel proteins critical for cellular communication is pannexins (PANX1, PANX2, PANX3), all of which are present in the skin. These heptameric single-membrane channels act as conduits for small molecules and ions like ATP and Ca2+ but have also been shown to have channel-independent functions through their interacting partners or action in signalling pathways. Pannexins have diverse roles in the skin such as in skin development, aging, barrier function, keratinocyte differentiation, inflammation, and wound healing, which were discovered through work with pannexin knockout mice, organotypic epidermis models, primary cells, and immortalized cell lines. In the context of cutaneous cancer, PANX1 is present at high levels in melanoma tumours and functions in melanoma carcinogenesis, and both PANX1 and PANX3 expression is altered in non-melanoma skin cancer. PANX2 has thus far not been implicated in any skin cancer. This review will discuss pannexin isoforms, structure, trafficking, post-translational modifications, interactome, and channel activity. We will also outline the expression, localization, and function of pannexin channels within the diverse cell types of the epidermis, dermis, hypodermis, and adnexal structures of the skin, and how these properties are exploited or abrogated in instances of skin cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brooke L O'Donnell
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada N6A 5C1
| | - Silvia Penuela
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada N6A 5C1
- Department of Oncology, Division of Experimental Oncology, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada N6A 5C1
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19
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Khalili A, Safarian N, van Wijngaarden E, Zoidl GS, Zoidl GR, Rezai P. Loss of Panx1 function in zebrafish alters motor behavior in a lab-on-chip model of Parkinson's disease. J Neurosci Res 2023; 101:1814-1825. [PMID: 37688406 DOI: 10.1002/jnr.25241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2022] [Revised: 08/08/2023] [Accepted: 08/18/2023] [Indexed: 09/10/2023]
Abstract
Pannexin 1 (Panx1) forms ATP-permeable membrane channels that play roles in purinergic signaling in the nervous system. A link between Panx1 activity and neurodegenerative disorders including Parkinson's disease (PD) has been suggested, but experimental evidence is limited. Here, a zebrafish model of PD was produced by exposing panx1a+/+ and panx1a-/- zebrafish larvae to 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA). Electrical stimulation in a microfluidic chip and quantitative real-time-qPCR of zebrafish larvae tested the role of Panx1 in both pathological and normal conditions. After 72-h treatment with 6-OHDA, the electric-induced locomotor activity of 5 days post fertilization (5dpf) panx1a+/+ larvae were reduced, while the stimulus did not affect locomotor activity of age-matched panx1a-/- larvae. A RT-qPCR analysis showed an increase in the expression of genes that are functionally related to dopaminergic signaling, like the tyrosine hydroxylase (th2) and the leucine-rich repeat kinase 2 (lrrk2). Extending the 6-OHDA treatment duration to 120 h caused a significant reduction in the locomotor response of 7dpf panx1a-/- larvae compared to the untreated panx1a-/- group. The RT-qPCR data showed a reduced expression of dopaminergic signaling genes in both genotypes. It was concluded that the absence of Panx1a channels compromised dopaminergic signaling in 6-OHDA-treated zebrafish larvae and that the increase in the expression of dopaminergic genes was transient, most likely due to a compensatory upregulation. We propose that zebrafish Panx1a models offer opportunities to shed light on PD's physiological and molecular basis. Panx1a might play a role on the progression of PD, and therefore deserves further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arezoo Khalili
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, York University, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Nickie Safarian
- Department of Biology, York University, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | | | - Georg S Zoidl
- Department of Biology, York University, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Georg R Zoidl
- Department of Biology, York University, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Pouya Rezai
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, York University, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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20
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Hernandez CA, Eugenin EA. The role of Pannexin-1 channels, ATP, and purinergic receptors in the pathogenesis of HIV and SARS-CoV-2. Curr Opin Pharmacol 2023; 73:102404. [PMID: 37734241 PMCID: PMC10838406 DOI: 10.1016/j.coph.2023.102404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2023] [Accepted: 08/25/2023] [Indexed: 09/23/2023]
Abstract
Infectious agents such as human immune deficiency virus-1 (HIV) and severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) use host proteins to infect, replicate, and induce inflammation within the host. A critical component of these diseases is the axis between pannexin-1 channels, extracellular ATP, and purinergic receptors. Here, we describe the potential therapeutic role of Pannexin-1/purinergic approaches to prevent or reduce the devastating consequences of these pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristian A Hernandez
- Department of Neurobiology, The University of Texas Medical Branch (UTMB), Galveston, TX, USA
| | - Eliseo A Eugenin
- Department of Neurobiology, The University of Texas Medical Branch (UTMB), Galveston, TX, USA.
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21
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Van Campenhout R, Caufriez A, Tabernilla A, Maerten A, De Boever S, Sanz-Serrano J, Kadam P, Vinken M. Pannexin1 channels in the liver: an open enemy. Front Cell Dev Biol 2023; 11:1220405. [PMID: 37492223 PMCID: PMC10363690 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2023.1220405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2023] [Accepted: 06/23/2023] [Indexed: 07/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Pannexin1 proteins form communication channels at the cell plasma membrane surface, which allow the transfer of small molecules and ions between the intracellular compartment and extracellular environment. In this way, pannexin1 channels play an important role in various cellular processes and diseases. Indeed, a plethora of human pathologies is associated with the activation of pannexin1 channels. The present paper reviews and summarizes the structure, life cycle, regulation and (patho)physiological roles of pannexin1 channels, with a particular focus on the relevance of pannexin1 channels in liver diseases.
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22
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Yang D, Chen M, Yang S, Deng F, Guo X. Connexin hemichannels and pannexin channels in toxicity: Recent advances and mechanistic insights. Toxicology 2023; 488:153488. [PMID: 36918108 DOI: 10.1016/j.tox.2023.153488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2023] [Revised: 03/10/2023] [Accepted: 03/11/2023] [Indexed: 03/14/2023]
Abstract
Connexin hemichannels and pannexin channels are two types of transmembrane channels that allow autocrine/paracrine signalling through the exchange of ions and molecules between the intra- and extracellular compartments. However, owing to the poor selectivity of permeable ions and metabolites, the massive opening of these plasma membrane channels can lead to an excessive influx of toxic substances and an outflux of essential metabolites, such as adenosine triphosphate, glutathione, glutamate and ions, resulting in unbalanced cell homeostasis and impaired cell function. It is becoming increasingly clear that these channels can be activated in response to external stimuli and are involved in toxicity, yet their concrete mechanistic roles in the toxic effects induced by stress and various environmental changes remain poorly defined. This review provides an updated understanding of connexin hemichannels and pannexin channels in response to multiple extrinsic stressors and how these activated channels and their permeable messengers participate in toxicological pathways and processes, including inflammation, oxidative damage, intracellular calcium imbalance, bystander DNA damage and excitotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Di Yang
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health, Peking University, No. 38 Xueyuan Road, Beijing, China
| | - Mengyuan Chen
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health, Peking University, No. 38 Xueyuan Road, Beijing, China
| | - Sijia Yang
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health, Peking University, No. 38 Xueyuan Road, Beijing, China
| | - Furong Deng
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health, Peking University, No. 38 Xueyuan Road, Beijing, China
| | - Xinbiao Guo
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health, Peking University, No. 38 Xueyuan Road, Beijing, China.
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23
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He Z, Zhao Y, Rau MJ, Fitzpatrick JAJ, Sah R, Hu H, Yuan P. Structural and functional analysis of human pannexin 2 channel. Nat Commun 2023; 14:1712. [PMID: 36973289 PMCID: PMC10043284 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-37413-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2023] [Accepted: 03/16/2023] [Indexed: 03/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The pannexin 2 channel (PANX2) participates in multiple physiological processes including skin homeostasis, neuronal development, and ischemia-induced brain injury. However, the molecular basis of PANX2 channel function remains largely unknown. Here, we present a cryo-electron microscopy structure of human PANX2, which reveals pore properties contrasting with those of the intensely studied paralog PANX1. The extracellular selectivity filter, defined by a ring of basic residues, more closely resembles that of the distantly related volume-regulated anion channel (VRAC) LRRC8A, rather than PANX1. Furthermore, we show that PANX2 displays a similar anion permeability sequence as VRAC, and that PANX2 channel activity is inhibited by a commonly used VRAC inhibitor, DCPIB. Thus, the shared channel properties between PANX2 and VRAC may complicate dissection of their cellular functions through pharmacological manipulation. Collectively, our structural and functional analysis provides a framework for development of PANX2-specific reagents that are needed for better understanding of channel physiology and pathophysiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhihui He
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO, USA
- Center for the Investigation of Membrane Excitability Diseases, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO, USA
| | - Yonghui Zhao
- Department of Anesthesiology, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO, USA
- Center for the Study of Itch and Sensory Disorders, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO, USA
| | - Michael J Rau
- Washington University Center for Cellular Imaging, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO, USA
| | - James A J Fitzpatrick
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO, USA
- Washington University Center for Cellular Imaging, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO, USA
- Department of Neuroscience, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Washington University in Saint Louis, Saint Louis, MO, USA
| | - Rajan Sah
- Center for the Investigation of Membrane Excitability Diseases, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO, USA
- Department of Internal Medicine, Cardiovascular Division, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO, USA
| | - Hongzhen Hu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO, USA.
- Center for the Study of Itch and Sensory Disorders, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO, USA.
| | - Peng Yuan
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO, USA.
- Center for the Investigation of Membrane Excitability Diseases, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO, USA.
- Department of Pharmacological Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA.
- Department of Neuroscience, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA.
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Cryo-EM structure of human heptameric pannexin 2 channel. Nat Commun 2023; 14:1118. [PMID: 36869038 PMCID: PMC9984531 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-36861-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2022] [Accepted: 02/19/2023] [Indexed: 03/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Pannexin 2 (Panx2) is a large-pore ATP-permeable channel with critical roles in various physiological processes, such as the inflammatory response, energy production and apoptosis. Its dysfunction is related to numerous pathological conditions including ischemic brain injury, glioma and glioblastoma multiforme. However, the working mechanism of Panx2 remains unclear. Here, we present the cryo-electron microscopy structure of human Panx2 at a resolution of 3.4 Å. Panx2 structure assembles as a heptamer, forming an exceptionally wide channel pore across the transmembrane and intracellular domains, which is compatible with ATP permeation. Comparing Panx2 with Panx1 structures in different states reveals that the Panx2 structure corresponds to an open channel state. A ring of seven arginine residues located at the extracellular entrance forms the narrowest site of the channel, which serves as the critical molecular filter controlling the permeation of substrate molecules. This is further verified by molecular dynamics simulations and ATP release assays. Our studies reveal the architecture of the Panx2 channel and provide insights into the molecular mechanism of its channel gating.
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25
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Moroz LL, Romanova DY. Alternative neural systems: What is a neuron? (Ctenophores, sponges and placozoans). Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 10:1071961. [PMID: 36619868 PMCID: PMC9816575 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2022.1071961] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2022] [Accepted: 12/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
How to make a neuron, a synapse, and a neural circuit? Is there only one 'design' for a neural architecture with a universally shared genomic blueprint across species? The brief answer is "No." Four early divergent lineages from the nerveless common ancestor of all animals independently evolved distinct neuroid-type integrative systems. One of these is a subset of neural nets in comb jellies with unique synapses; the second lineage is the well-known Cnidaria + Bilateria; the two others are non-synaptic neuroid systems in sponges and placozoans. By integrating scRNA-seq and microscopy data, we revise the definition of neurons as synaptically-coupled polarized and highly heterogenous secretory cells at the top of behavioral hierarchies with learning capabilities. This physiological (not phylogenetic) definition separates 'true' neurons from non-synaptically and gap junction-coupled integrative systems executing more stereotyped behaviors. Growing evidence supports the hypothesis of multiple origins of neurons and synapses. Thus, many non-bilaterian and bilaterian neuronal classes, circuits or systems are considered functional rather than genetic categories, composed of non-homologous cell types. In summary, little-explored examples of convergent neuronal evolution in representatives of early branching metazoans provide conceptually novel microanatomical and physiological architectures of behavioral controls in animals with prospects of neuro-engineering and synthetic biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leonid L. Moroz
- Departments of Neuroscience and McKnight Brain Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States
- Whitney Laboratory for Marine Bioscience, University of Florida, St. Augustine, FL, United States
| | - Daria Y. Romanova
- Institute of Higher Nervous Activity and Neurophysiology of RAS, 5A Butlerova, Moscow, Russia
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Hypertensive Nephropathy: Unveiling the Possible Involvement of Hemichannels and Pannexons. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232415936. [PMID: 36555574 PMCID: PMC9785367 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232415936] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2022] [Revised: 12/09/2022] [Accepted: 12/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Hypertension is one of the most common risk factors for developing chronic cardiovascular diseases, including hypertensive nephropathy. Within the glomerulus, hypertension causes damage and activation of mesangial cells (MCs), eliciting the production of large amounts of vasoactive and proinflammatory agents. Accordingly, the activation of AT1 receptors by the vasoactive molecule angiotensin II (AngII) contributes to the pathogenesis of renal damage, which is mediated mostly by the dysfunction of intracellular Ca2+ ([Ca2+]i) signaling. Similarly, inflammation entails complex processes, where [Ca2+]i also play crucial roles. Deregulation of this second messenger increases cell damage and promotes fibrosis, reduces renal blood flow, and impairs the glomerular filtration barrier. In vertebrates, [Ca2+]i signaling depends, in part, on the activity of two families of large-pore channels: hemichannels and pannexons. Interestingly, the opening of these channels depends on [Ca2+]i signaling. In this review, we propose that the opening of channels formed by connexins and/or pannexins mediated by AngII induces the ATP release to the extracellular media, with the subsequent activation of purinergic receptors. This process could elicit Ca2+ overload and constitute a feed-forward mechanism, leading to kidney damage.
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Garré JM, Bukauskas FF, Bennett MVL. Single channel properties of pannexin-1 and connexin-43 hemichannels and P2X7 receptors in astrocytes cultured from rodent spinal cords. Glia 2022; 70:2260-2275. [PMID: 35915989 PMCID: PMC9560969 DOI: 10.1002/glia.24250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2022] [Revised: 07/12/2022] [Accepted: 07/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Astrocytes express surface channels involved in purinergic signaling. Among these channels, pannexin-1 (Px1) and connexin-43 (Cx43) hemichannels (HCs) release ATP that acts directly, or through its derivatives, on neurons and glia via purinergic receptors. Although HCs are functional, that is, open and close under physiological and pathological conditions, single channel properties of Px1 HCs in astrocytes have not been defined. Here, we developed a dual voltage clamp technique in HeLa cells expressing human Px1-YFP, and then applied this system to rodent spinal astrocytes to compare their single channel properties with other surface channels, that is, Cx43 HCs and P2X7 receptors (P2X7Rs). Channels were recorded in cell attached patches and evoked with ramp cycles applied through another pipette in whole cell voltage clamp. The mean unitary conductances of Px1 HCs were comparable in HeLa Px1-YFP cells and spinal astrocytes, ~42 and ~48 pS, respectively. Based on their unitary conductance, voltage-dependence, and unitary activity after pharmacological and gene silencing, Px1 HCs in astrocytes could be distinguished from Cx43 HCs and P2X7Rs. Channel activity of Px1 HCs and P2X7Rs was greater than that of Cx43 HCs in control astrocytes during ramps. Unitary activity of Px1 HCs was decreased and that of Cx43 HCs and P2X7Rs increased in astrocytes treated with fibroblast growth factor 1 (FGF-1). In summary, we resolved single channel properties of three different surface channels involved in purinergic signaling in spinal astrocytes, which were differentially modulated by FGF-1, a growth factor involved in neurodevelopment, inflammation and repair.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Mauricio Garré
- Dominick P. Purpura Department of Neuroscience, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York, USA
| | - Feliksas F Bukauskas
- Dominick P. Purpura Department of Neuroscience, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York, USA
| | - Michael V L Bennett
- Dominick P. Purpura Department of Neuroscience, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York, USA
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Solovova OA, Chernykh VB. Genetics of Oocyte Maturation Defects and Early Embryo Development Arrest. Genes (Basel) 2022; 13:1920. [PMID: 36360157 PMCID: PMC9689903 DOI: 10.3390/genes13111920] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2022] [Revised: 10/18/2022] [Accepted: 10/19/2022] [Indexed: 08/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Various pathogenic factors can lead to oogenesis failure and seriously affect both female reproductive health and fertility. Genetic factors play an important role in folliculogenesis and oocyte maturation but still need to be clarified. Oocyte maturation is a well-organized complex process, regulated by a large number of genes. Pathogenic variants in these genes as well as aneuploidy, defects in mitochondrial genome, and other genetic and epigenetic factors can result in unexplained infertility, early pregnancy loss, and recurrent failures of IVF/ICSI programs due to poor ovarian response to stimulation, oocyte maturation arrest, poor gamete quality, fertilization failure, or early embryonic developmental arrest. In this paper, we review the main genes, as well as provide a description of the defects in the mitochondrial genome, associated with female infertility.
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Cibelli A, Scemes E, Spray DC. Activity and Stability of Panx1 Channels in Astrocytes and Neuroblastoma Cells Are Enhanced by Cholesterol Depletion. Cells 2022; 11:3219. [PMID: 36291086 PMCID: PMC9600160 DOI: 10.3390/cells11203219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2022] [Revised: 10/01/2022] [Accepted: 10/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Pannexin1 (Panx1) is expressed in both neurons and glia where it forms ATP-permeable channels that are activated under pathological conditions such as epilepsy, migraine, inflammation, and ischemia. Membrane lipid composition affects proper distribution and function of receptors and ion channels, and defects in cholesterol metabolism are associated with neurological diseases. In order to understand the impact of membrane cholesterol on the distribution and function of Panx1 in neural cells, we used fluorescence recovery after photobleaching (FRAP) to evaluate its mobility and electrophysiology and dye uptake to assess channel function. We observed that cholesterol extraction (using methyl-β-cyclodextrin) and inhibition of its synthesis (lovastatin) decreased the lateral diffusion of Panx1 in the plasma membrane. Panx1 channel activity (dye uptake, ATP release and ionic current) was enhanced in cholesterol-depleted Panx1 transfected cells and in wild-type astrocytes compared to non-depleted or Panx1 null cells. Manipulation of cholesterol levels may, therefore, offer a novel strategy by which Panx1 channel activation might modulate various pathological conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonio Cibelli
- Department of Neuroscience, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA
| | - Eliana Scemes
- Department of Cell Biology and Anatomy, NY Medical College, Valhalla, NY10595, USA
| | - David C. Spray
- Department of Neuroscience, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA
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Wang Q, Li HY, Ling ZM, Chen G, Wei ZY. Inhibition of Schwann cell pannexin 1 attenuates neuropathic pain through the suppression of inflammatory responses. J Neuroinflammation 2022; 19:244. [PMID: 36195881 PMCID: PMC9531429 DOI: 10.1186/s12974-022-02603-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2021] [Accepted: 09/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Neuropathic pain is still a challenge for clinical treatment as a result of the comprehensive pathogenesis. Although emerging evidence demonstrates the pivotal role of glial cells in regulating neuropathic pain, the role of Schwann cells and their underlying mechanisms still need to be uncovered. Pannexin 1 (Panx 1), an important membrane channel for the release of ATP and inflammatory cytokines, as well as its activation in central glial cells, contributes to pain development. Here, we hypothesized that Schwann cell Panx 1 participates in the regulation of neuroinflammation and contributes to neuropathic pain. METHODS A mouse model of chronic constriction injury (CCI) in CD1 adult mice or P0-Cre transgenic mice, and in vitro cultured Schwann cells were used. Intrasciatic injection with Panx 1 blockers or the desired virus was used to knock down the expression of Panx 1. Mechanical and thermal sensitivity was assessed using Von Frey and a hot plate assay. The expression of Panx 1 was measured using qPCR, western blotting, and immunofluorescence. The production of cytokines was monitored through qPCR and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Panx1 channel activity was detected by ethidium bromide (EB) uptake. RESULTS CCI induced persistent neuroinflammatory responses and upregulation of Panx 1 in Schwann cells. Intrasciatic injection of Panx 1 blockers, carbenoxolone (CBX), probenecid, and Panx 1 mimetic peptide (10Panx) effectively reduced mechanical and heat hyperalgesia. Probenecid treatment of CCI-induced mice significantly reduced Panx 1 expression in Schwann cells, but not in dorsal root ganglion (DRG). In addition, Panx 1 knockdown in Schwann cells with Panx 1 shRNA-AAV in P0-Cre mice significantly reduced CCI-induced neuropathic pain. To determine whether Schwann cell Panx 1 participates in the regulation of neuroinflammation and contributes to neuropathic pain, we evaluated its effect in LPS-treated Schwann cells. We found that inhibition of Panx 1 via CBX and Panx 1-siRNA effectively attenuated the production of selective cytokines, as well as its mechanism of action being dependent on both Panx 1 channel activity and its expression. CONCLUSION In this study, we found that CCI-related neuroinflammation correlates with Panx 1 activation in Schwann cells, indicating that inhibition of Panx 1 channels in Schwann cells reduces neuropathic pain through the suppression of neuroinflammatory responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Wang
- Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration of Jiangsu and Ministry of Education, Jiangsu Clinical Medicine Center of Tissue Engineering and Nerve Injury Repair, Co-Innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Han-Yang Li
- Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration of Jiangsu and Ministry of Education, Jiangsu Clinical Medicine Center of Tissue Engineering and Nerve Injury Repair, Co-Innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Zhuo-Min Ling
- Medical School of Nantong University, Nantong, 226001, Jiangsu, China.,Department of Neurology, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, 226001, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Gang Chen
- Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration of Jiangsu and Ministry of Education, Jiangsu Clinical Medicine Center of Tissue Engineering and Nerve Injury Repair, Co-Innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University, Nantong, China. .,Medical School of Nantong University, Nantong, 226001, Jiangsu, China. .,Department of Anesthesiology, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, 226001, Jiangsu Province, China.
| | - Zhong-Ya Wei
- Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration of Jiangsu and Ministry of Education, Jiangsu Clinical Medicine Center of Tissue Engineering and Nerve Injury Repair, Co-Innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University, Nantong, China.
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Hernandez CA, Eliseo E. The Role of Pannexin-1 Channels in HIV and NeuroHIV Pathogenesis. Cells 2022; 11:2245. [PMID: 35883688 PMCID: PMC9323506 DOI: 10.3390/cells11142245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2022] [Revised: 07/08/2022] [Accepted: 07/14/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The human immunodeficiency virus-1 (HIV) enters the brain shortly after infection, leading to long-term neurological complications in half of the HIV-infected population, even in the current anti-retroviral therapy (ART) era. Despite decades of research, no biomarkers can objectively measure and, more importantly, predict the onset of HIV-associated neurocognitive disorders. Several biomarkers have been proposed; however, most of them only reflect late events of neuronal damage. Our laboratory recently identified that ATP and PGE2, inflammatory molecules released through Pannexin-1 channels, are elevated in the serum of HIV-infected individuals compared to uninfected individuals and other inflammatory diseases. More importantly, high circulating ATP levels, but not PGE2, can predict a decline in cognition, suggesting that HIV-infected individuals have impaired ATP metabolism and associated signaling. We identified that Pannexin-1 channel opening contributes to the high serological ATP levels, and ATP in the circulation could be used as a biomarker of HIV-associated cognitive impairment. In addition, we believe that ATP is a major contributor to chronic inflammation in the HIV-infected population, even in the anti-retroviral era. Here, we discuss the mechanisms associated with Pannexin-1 channel opening within the circulation, as well as within the resident viral reservoirs, ATP dysregulation, and cognitive disease observed in the HIV-infected population.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Eugenin Eliseo
- Department of Neuroscience, Cell Biology, and Anatomy, University of Texas Medical Branch (UTMB), Galveston, TX 77555, USA;
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McDouall A, Zhou KQ, Bennet L, Green CR, Gunn AJ, Davidson JO. Connexins, Pannexins and Gap Junctions in Perinatal Brain Injury. Biomedicines 2022; 10:1445. [PMID: 35740466 PMCID: PMC9220888 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10061445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2022] [Revised: 06/15/2022] [Accepted: 06/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Perinatal brain injury secondary to hypoxia-ischemia and/or infection/inflammation remains a major cause of disability. Therapeutic hypothermia significantly improves outcomes, but in randomized controlled trials nearly half of infants still died or survived with disability, showing that additional interventions are needed. There is growing evidence that brain injury spreads over time from injured to previously uninjured regions of the brain. At least in part, this spread is related to opening of connexin hemichannels and pannexin channels, both of which are large conductance membrane channels found in many brain cells. Opening of these membrane channels releases adenosine triphosphate (ATP), and other neuroactive molecules, into the extracellular space. ATP has an important role in normal signaling, but pathologically can trigger the assembly of the multi-protein inflammasome complex. The inflammasome complex promotes activation of inflammatory caspases, and release of inflammatory cytokines. Overall, the connexin hemichannel appears to play a primary role in propagation of injury and chronic disease, and connexin hemichannel blockade has been shown to be neuroprotective in multiple animal models. Thus, there is potential for some blockers of connexin or pannexin channels to be developed into targeted interventions that could be used in conjunction with or separate to therapeutic hypothermia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alice McDouall
- U1 Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, The University of Auckland, Auckland 1023, New Zealand; (A.M.); (K.Q.Z.); (L.B.); (A.J.G.)
| | - Kelly Q. Zhou
- U1 Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, The University of Auckland, Auckland 1023, New Zealand; (A.M.); (K.Q.Z.); (L.B.); (A.J.G.)
| | - Laura Bennet
- U1 Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, The University of Auckland, Auckland 1023, New Zealand; (A.M.); (K.Q.Z.); (L.B.); (A.J.G.)
| | - Colin R. Green
- Department of Ophthalmology, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, The University of Auckland, Auckland 1023, New Zealand;
| | - Alistair J. Gunn
- U1 Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, The University of Auckland, Auckland 1023, New Zealand; (A.M.); (K.Q.Z.); (L.B.); (A.J.G.)
| | - Joanne O. Davidson
- U1 Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, The University of Auckland, Auckland 1023, New Zealand; (A.M.); (K.Q.Z.); (L.B.); (A.J.G.)
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Omolaoye TS, Jalaleddine N, Cardona Maya WD, du Plessis SS. Mechanisms of SARS-CoV-2 and Male Infertility: Could Connexin and Pannexin Play a Role? Front Physiol 2022; 13:866675. [PMID: 35721552 PMCID: PMC9205395 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2022.866675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2022] [Accepted: 05/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The impact of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) on male infertility has lately received significant attention. SARS-CoV-2, the virus that causes coronavirus disease (COVID-19) in humans, has been shown to impose adverse effects on both the structural components and function of the testis, which potentially impact spermatogenesis. These adverse effects are partially explained by fever, systemic inflammation, oxidative stress, and an increased immune response leading to impaired blood-testis barrier. It has been well established that efficient cellular communication via gap junctions or functional channels is required for tissue homeostasis. Connexins and pannexins are two protein families that mediate autocrine and paracrine signaling between the cells and the extracellular environment. These channel-forming proteins have been shown to play a role in coordinating cellular communication in the testis and epididymis. Despite their role in maintaining a proper male reproductive milieu, their function is disrupted under pathological conditions. The involvement of these channels has been well documented in several physiological and pathological conditions and their designated function in infectious diseases. However, their role in COVID-19 and their meaningful contribution to male infertility remains to be elucidated. Therefore, this review highlights the multivariate pathophysiological mechanisms of SARS-CoV-2 involvement in male reproduction. It also aims to shed light on the role of connexin and pannexin channels in disease progression, emphasizing their unexplored role and regulation of SARS-CoV-2 pathophysiology. Finally, we hypothesize the possible involvement of connexins and pannexins in SARS-CoV-2 inducing male infertility to assist future research ideas targeting therapeutic approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Temidayo S. Omolaoye
- Department of Basic Sciences, College of Medicine, Mohammed Bin Rashid University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Dubai, United Arab Emirates
| | - Nour Jalaleddine
- Department of Basic Sciences, College of Medicine, Mohammed Bin Rashid University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Dubai, United Arab Emirates
| | - Walter D. Cardona Maya
- Reproduction Group, Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de Antioquia, Medellin, Colombia
| | - Stefan S. du Plessis
- Department of Basic Sciences, College of Medicine, Mohammed Bin Rashid University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Dubai, United Arab Emirates
- Division of Medical Physiology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Tygerberg, South Africa
- *Correspondence: Stefan S. du Plessis,
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Qi Q, Wang XX, Li JL, Chen YQ, Chang JR, Xi J, Lü HZ, Zhang YX. Neuroprotective Effects of the Pannexin-1 Channel Inhibitor: Probenecid on Spinal Cord Injury in Rats. Front Mol Neurosci 2022; 15:848185. [PMID: 35663270 PMCID: PMC9162172 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2022.848185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2022] [Accepted: 04/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Proinflammatory immune cell subsets constitute the majority in the local microenvironment after spinal cord injury (SCI), leading to secondary pathological injury. Previous studies have demonstrated that inflammasomes act as an important part of the inflammatory process after SCI. Probenecid, an inhibitor of the Pannexin-1 channel, can inhibit the activation of inflammasomes. This article focuses on the effects of probenecid on the local immune microenvironment, histopathology, and behavior of SCI. Our data show that probenecid inhibited the expression and activation of nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain receptor pyrindomain-containing 1 (NLRP1), apoptosis-associated speck-like protein containing a CARD (ASC) and caspase-1, interleukin-1β (IL-1β), and caspase-3 proteins associated with inflammasomes, thereby suppressing the proportion of M1 cells. And consequently, probenecid reduced the lesion area and demyelination in SCI. Moreover, the drug increased the survival of motor neurons, which resulted in tissue repair and improved locomotor function in the injured SC. Altogether, existing studies indicated that probenecid can alleviate inflammation by blocking Pannexin-1 channels to inhibit the expression of caspase-1 and IL-1β, which in turn restores the balance of immune cell subsets and exerts neuroprotective effects in rats with SCI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Qi
- Anhui Key Laboratory of Tissue Transplantation, Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, China
- School of Basic Medicine, Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, China
| | - Xiao-Xuan Wang
- Anhui Key Laboratory of Tissue Transplantation, Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, China
- School of Laboratory Medicine, Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, China
| | - Jing-Lu Li
- Clinical Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, China
- Anhui Key Laboratory of Tissue Transplantation, Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, China
| | - Yu-Qing Chen
- Anhui Key Laboratory of Tissue Transplantation, Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, China
- School of Laboratory Medicine, Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, China
| | - Jian-Rong Chang
- Anhui Key Laboratory of Tissue Transplantation, Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, China
| | - Jin Xi
- Anhui Key Laboratory of Tissue Transplantation, Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, China
| | - He-Zuo Lü
- Clinical Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, China
- Anhui Key Laboratory of Tissue Transplantation, Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, China
- School of Laboratory Medicine, Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, China
- *Correspondence: He-Zuo Lü,
| | - Yu-Xin Zhang
- Anhui Key Laboratory of Tissue Transplantation, Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, China
- School of Laboratory Medicine, Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, China
- Yu-Xin Zhang,
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Whyte-Fagundes P, Taskina D, Safarian N, Zoidl C, Carlen PL, Donaldson LW, Zoidl GR. Panx1 channels promote both anti- and pro-seizure-like activities in the zebrafish via p2rx7 receptors and ATP signaling. Commun Biol 2022; 5:472. [PMID: 35585187 PMCID: PMC9117279 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-022-03356-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2021] [Accepted: 04/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
The molecular mechanisms of excitation/inhibition imbalances promoting seizure generation in epilepsy patients are not fully understood. Evidence suggests that Pannexin1 (Panx1), an ATP release channel, modulates the excitability of the brain. In this report, we performed electrophysiological, behavioral, and molecular phenotyping experiments on zebrafish larvae bearing genetic or pharmacological knockouts of Panx1a and Panx1b channels, each homologous to human PANX1. When Panx1a function is lost, or both channels are under pharmacological blockade, seizures with ictal-like events and seizure-like locomotion are reduced in the presence of pentylenetetrazol. Transcriptome profiling by RNA-seq demonstrates a spectrum of distinct metabolic and cell signaling states which correlate with the loss of Panx1a. Furthermore, the pro- and anticonvulsant activities of both Panx1 channels affect ATP release and involve the purinergic receptor P2rx7. Our findings suggest a subfunctionalization of Panx1 enabling dual roles in seizures, providing a unique and comprehensive perspective to understanding seizure mechanisms in the context of this channel.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paige Whyte-Fagundes
- Department of Biology, York University, Toronto, ON, M3J1P3, Canada.
- Center of Vision Research (CVR), York University, Toronto, ON, M3J1P3, Canada.
- Krembil Research Institute, University Health Network, 60 Leonard Ave, Toronto, ON, M5T 1M8, Canada.
| | - Daria Taskina
- Department of Biology, York University, Toronto, ON, M3J1P3, Canada
- Center of Vision Research (CVR), York University, Toronto, ON, M3J1P3, Canada
| | - Nickie Safarian
- Department of Biology, York University, Toronto, ON, M3J1P3, Canada
- Center of Vision Research (CVR), York University, Toronto, ON, M3J1P3, Canada
| | - Christiane Zoidl
- Department of Biology, York University, Toronto, ON, M3J1P3, Canada
- Center of Vision Research (CVR), York University, Toronto, ON, M3J1P3, Canada
| | - Peter L Carlen
- Krembil Research Institute, University Health Network, 60 Leonard Ave, Toronto, ON, M5T 1M8, Canada
- Department of Medicine, Physiology and BME, University of Toronto, 399 Bathurst St., 5w442, Toronto, ON, M5T 2S8, Canada
| | | | - Georg R Zoidl
- Department of Biology, York University, Toronto, ON, M3J1P3, Canada.
- Center of Vision Research (CVR), York University, Toronto, ON, M3J1P3, Canada.
- Krembil Research Institute, University Health Network, 60 Leonard Ave, Toronto, ON, M5T 1M8, Canada.
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Gap Junction-Dependent and -Independent Functions of Connexin43 in Biology. BIOLOGY 2022; 11:biology11020283. [PMID: 35205149 PMCID: PMC8869330 DOI: 10.3390/biology11020283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2021] [Revised: 02/08/2022] [Accepted: 02/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
For the first time in animal evolution, the emergence of gap junctions allowed direct exchanges of cellular substances for communication between two cells. Innexin proteins constituted primordial gap junctions until the connexin protein emerged in deuterostomes and took over the gap junction function. After hundreds of millions of years of gene duplication, the connexin gene family now comprises 21 members in the human genome. Notably, GJA1, which encodes the Connexin43 protein, is one of the most widely expressed and commonly studied connexin genes. The loss of Gja1 in mice leads to swelling and a blockage of the right ventricular outflow tract and death of the embryos at birth, suggesting a vital role of Connexin43 gap junction in heart development. Since then, the importance of Connexin43-mediated gap junction function has been constantly expanded to other types of cells. Other than forming gap junctions, Connexin43 can also form hemichannels to release or uptake small molecules from the environment or even mediate many physiological processes in a gap junction-independent manner on plasma membranes. Surprisingly, Connexin43 also localizes to mitochondria in the cell, playing important roles in mitochondrial potassium import and respiration. At the molecular level, Connexin43 mRNA and protein are processed with very distinct mechanisms to yield carboxyl-terminal fragments with different sizes, which have their unique subcellular localization and distinct biological activities. Due to many exciting advancements in Connexin43 research, this review aims to start with a brief introduction of Connexin43 and then focuses on updating our knowledge of its gap junction-independent functions.
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Picchetta L, Caroselli S, Figliuzzi M, Cogo F, Zambon P, Costa M, Pergher I, Patassini C, Cortellessa F, Zuccarello D, Poli M, Capalbo A. Molecular tools for the genomic assessment of oocyte’s reproductive competence. J Assist Reprod Genet 2022; 39:847-860. [PMID: 35124783 PMCID: PMC9050973 DOI: 10.1007/s10815-022-02411-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2021] [Accepted: 01/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The most important factor associated with oocytes' developmental competence has been widely identified as the presence of chromosomal abnormalities. However, growing application of genome-wide sequencing (GS) in population diagnostics has enabled the identification of multifactorial genetic predispositions to sub-lethal pathologies, including those affecting IVF outcomes and reproductive fitness. Indeed, GS analysis in families with history of isolated infertility has recently led to the discovery of new genes and variants involved in specific human infertility endophenotypes that impact the availability and the functionality of female gametes by altering unique mechanisms necessary for oocyte maturation and early embryo development. Ongoing advancements in analytical and bioinformatic pipelines for the study of the genetic determinants of oocyte competence may provide the biological evidence required not only for improving the diagnosis of isolated female infertility but also for the development of novel preventive and therapeutic approaches for reproductive failure. Here, we provide an updated discussion and review of the progresses made in preconception genomic medicine in the identification of genetic factors associated with oocyte availability, function, and competence.
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Mechanisms of Pannexin 1 (PANX1) Channel Mechanosensitivity and Its Pathological Roles. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23031523. [PMID: 35163442 PMCID: PMC8836264 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23031523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2021] [Revised: 01/21/2022] [Accepted: 01/27/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Pannexins (PANX) were cloned based on their sequence homology to innexins (Inx), invertebrate gap junction proteins. Although there is no sequence homology between PANX and connexins (Cx), these proteins exhibit similar configurations. The PANX family has three members, PANX1, PANX2 and PANX3. Among them, PANX1 has been the most extensively studied. The PANX1 channels are activated by many factors, including high extracellular K+ ([K+]e), high intracellular Ca2+ ([Ca2+]i), Src family kinase (SFK)-mediated phosphorylation, caspase cleavage and mechanical stimuli. However, the mechanisms mediating this mechanosensitivity of PANX1 remain unknown. Both force-from-lipids and force-from-filaments models are proposed to explain the gating mechanisms of PANX1 channel mechanosensitivity. Finally, both the physiological and pathological roles of mechanosensitive PANX1 are discussed.
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39
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Welzel G, Schuster S. Connexins evolved after early chordates lost innexin diversity. eLife 2022; 11:74422. [PMID: 35042580 PMCID: PMC8769644 DOI: 10.7554/elife.74422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2021] [Accepted: 01/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Gap junction channels are formed by two unrelated protein families. Non-chordates use the primordial innexins, while chordates use connexins that superseded the gap junction function of innexins. Chordates retained innexin-homologs, but N-glycosylation prevents them from forming gap junctions. It is puzzling why chordates seem to exclusively use the new gap junction protein and why no chordates should exist that use non-glycosylated innexins to form gap junctions. Here, we identified glycosylation sites of 2388 innexins from 174 non-chordate and 276 chordate species. Among all chordates, we found not a single innexin without glycosylation sites. Surprisingly, the glycosylation motif is also widespread among non-chordate innexins indicating that glycosylated innexins are not a novelty of chordates. In addition, we discovered a loss of innexin diversity during early chordate evolution. Most importantly, lancelets, which lack connexins, exclusively possess only one highly conserved innexin with one glycosylation site. A bottleneck effect might thus explain why connexins have become the only protein used to form chordate gap junctions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Georg Welzel
- Department of Animal Physiology, University of Bayreuth
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40
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Kurisu R, Saigusa T, Aono Y, Hayashi Y, Hitomi S, Shimada M, Iwata K, Shinoda M. Pannexin 1 role in the trigeminal ganglion in infraorbital nerve injury-induced mechanical allodynia. Oral Dis 2022; 29:1770-1781. [PMID: 35029007 DOI: 10.1111/odi.14129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2021] [Revised: 01/09/2022] [Accepted: 01/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The detailed pathological mechanism of orofacial neuropathic pain remains unknown. We aimed to examine the pannexin 1 (Panx1) signaling in the trigeminal ganglion (TG) involvement in infraorbital nerve injury (IONI)-induced orofacial neuropathic pain. MATERIALS AND METHODS Mechanical head-withdrawal threshold (MHWT) was measured in IONI-treated rats receiving intra-TG Panx1 inhibitor or metabotropic glutamate receptor 5 (mGluR5) antagonist administration and MHWTs in naive rats receiving intra-TG mGluR5 agonist administration post-IONI. Glutamate and Panx1 in the TG were measured post-IONI. Panx1, mGluR5, and glutamine synthetase expression in TG were immunohistochemically identified, and changes in the number of mGluR5-P2X3 -expressed TG neurons were examined. RESULTS MHWT was significantly decreased post-IONI, and this decrease was reversed by Panx1 inhibition or mGluR5 antagonism. mGluR5 agonism induced a decrease in the MHWT. IONI increased extracellular glutamate in TG. Panx1 was expressed in satellite glial cells and TG neurons, and intra-TG mGluR5 antagonism decreased the number of mGluR5 and P2X3 positive TG neurons post-IONI. CONCLUSIONS IONI facilitates glutamate release via Panx1 that activates mGluR5 which was expressed in the nociceptive TG neurons innervating the orofacial region. In turn, P2X3 receptor-expressed TG neurons is enhanced via mGluR5 signaling, resulting in orofacial neuropathic pain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryoko Kurisu
- Dental Anesthesiology and Orofacial Pain Management, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tadashi Saigusa
- Department of Pharmacology, Nihon University School of Dentistry at Matsudo, Matsudo, Japan
| | - Yuri Aono
- Department of Pharmacology, Nihon University School of Dentistry at Matsudo, Matsudo, Japan
| | - Yoshinori Hayashi
- Department of Physiology, Nihon University School of Dentistry, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Suzuro Hitomi
- Department of Physiology, Nihon University School of Dentistry, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Masahiko Shimada
- Dental Anesthesiology and Orofacial Pain Management, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Koichi Iwata
- Department of Physiology, Nihon University School of Dentistry, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Masamichi Shinoda
- Department of Physiology, Nihon University School of Dentistry, Tokyo, Japan
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41
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Sanchez-Pupo RE, O'Donnell BL, Johnston D, Gyenis L, Litchfield DW, Penuela S. Pannexin 2 is expressed in murine skin and promotes UVB-induced apoptosis of keratinocytes. Mol Biol Cell 2022; 33:ar24. [PMID: 34985913 PMCID: PMC9250380 DOI: 10.1091/mbc.e21-08-0387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Pannexins (PANX) are a family of three channel-forming membrane glycoproteins expressed in the skin. Previous studies have focused on the role of PANX1 and PANX3 in the regulation of cellular functions in skin cells while PANX2, the largest member of this protein family, has not been investigated. In the current study, we explored the temporal PANX2 expression in murine skin and found that one Panx2 splice variant (Panx2-202) tends to be more abundant at the protein level and is continuously expressed in developed skin. PANX2 was detected in the suprabasal layers of the mouse epidermis and up-regulated in an in vitro model of rat epidermal keratinocyte differentiation. Furthermore, we show that in apoptotic rat keratinocytes, upon UV light B (UVB)-induced caspase-3/7 activation, ectopically overexpressed PANX2 is cleaved in its C-terminal domain at the D416 residue without increasing the apoptotic rate measured by caspase-3/7 activation. Notably, CRISPR-Cas9 mediated genetic deletion of rat Panx2 delays but does not impair caspase-3/7 activation and cytotoxicity in UVB-irradiated keratinocytes. We propose that endogenous PANX2 expression in keratinocytes promotes cell death after UVB insult and may contribute to skin homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rafael E Sanchez-Pupo
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Division of Experimental Oncology, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario N6A 5C1, Canada
| | - Brooke L O'Donnell
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Division of Experimental Oncology, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario N6A 5C1, Canada
| | - Danielle Johnston
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Division of Experimental Oncology, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario N6A 5C1, Canada
| | - Laszlo Gyenis
- Department of Biochemistry, Division of Experimental Oncology, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario N6A 5C1, Canada
| | - David W Litchfield
- Department of Biochemistry, Division of Experimental Oncology, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario N6A 5C1, Canada.,Department of Oncology, Division of Experimental Oncology, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario N6A 5C1, Canada
| | - Silvia Penuela
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Division of Experimental Oncology, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario N6A 5C1, Canada.,Department of Oncology, Division of Experimental Oncology, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario N6A 5C1, Canada
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42
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Luu R, Valdebenito S, Scemes E, Cibelli A, Spray DC, Rovegno M, Tichauer J, Cottignies-Calamarte A, Rosenberg A, Capron C, Belouzard S, Dubuisson J, Annane D, de la Grandmaison GL, Cramer-Bordé E, Bomsel M, Eugenin E. Pannexin-1 channel opening is critical for COVID-19 pathogenesis. iScience 2021; 24:103478. [PMID: 34841222 PMCID: PMC8603863 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2021.103478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2021] [Revised: 09/30/2021] [Accepted: 11/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) rapidly rampaged worldwide, causing a pandemic of coronavirus disease (COVID -19), but the biology of SARS-CoV-2 remains under investigation. We demonstrate that both SARS-CoV-2 spike protein and human coronavirus 229E (hCoV-229E) or its purified S protein, one of the main viruses responsible for the common cold, induce the transient opening of Pannexin-1 (Panx-1) channels in human lung epithelial cells. However, the Panx-1 channel opening induced by SARS-CoV-2 is greater and more prolonged than hCoV-229E/S protein, resulting in an enhanced ATP, PGE2, and IL-1β release. Analysis of lung lavages and tissues indicate that Panx-1 mRNA expression is associated with increased ATP, PGE2, and IL-1β levels. Panx-1 channel opening induced by SARS-CoV-2 spike protein is angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE-2), endocytosis, and furin dependent. Overall, we demonstrated that Panx-1 channel is a critical contributor to SARS-CoV-2 infection and should be considered as an alternative therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ross Luu
- Department of Neuroscience, Cell Biology, and Anatomy, University of Texas Medical Branch (UTMB), Research Building 17, 105 11th Street, Galveston, TX 77555, USA
| | - Silvana Valdebenito
- Department of Neuroscience, Cell Biology, and Anatomy, University of Texas Medical Branch (UTMB), Research Building 17, 105 11th Street, Galveston, TX 77555, USA
| | - Eliana Scemes
- Department of Cell Biology & Anatomy, New York Medical College, Valhalla, NY, USA
| | - Antonio Cibelli
- Dominick P. Purpura Department of Neuroscience & Department of Medicine (Cardiology), Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, NY 10461, USA
| | - David C Spray
- Dominick P. Purpura Department of Neuroscience & Department of Medicine (Cardiology), Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, NY 10461, USA
| | - Maximiliano Rovegno
- Departamento de Medicina Intensiva, Facultad de Medicina, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Juan Tichauer
- Departamento de Medicina Intensiva, Facultad de Medicina, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Andrea Cottignies-Calamarte
- Hôpital Cochin, Service de Virologie, Hôpital Cochin (AP-HP), Paris, France.,Service d'Hématologie Hôpital Ambroise Paré (AP-HP), Boulogne-Billancourt, France
| | - Arielle Rosenberg
- Hôpital Cochin, Service de Virologie, Hôpital Cochin (AP-HP), Paris, France.,Service d'Hématologie Hôpital Ambroise Paré (AP-HP), Boulogne-Billancourt, France.,Virologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire des Coronavirus, Centre d'infection et d'immunité de Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, Université de Lille, CNRS, Inserm, CHRU, 59000 Lille, France
| | - Calude Capron
- Service des Maladies Infectieuses, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Raymond Poincaré, AP-HP, Garches, France
| | | | - Jean Dubuisson
- Intensive Care Unit, Raymond Poincaré Hospital (AP-HP), Paris, France
| | - Djillali Annane
- Simone Veil School of Medicine, Université of Versailles, Versailles, France.,University Paris Saclay, Garches, France
| | - Geoffroy Lorin de la Grandmaison
- Department of Forensic Medicine and Pathology, Versailles Saint-Quentin Université, AP-HP, Raymond Poincaré Hospital, Garches, France
| | | | - Morgane Bomsel
- Mucosal Entry of HIV and Mucosal Immunity, Institut Cochin, Université de Paris, Paris, France.,INSERM U1016, Paris, France
| | - Eliseo Eugenin
- Department of Neuroscience, Cell Biology, and Anatomy, University of Texas Medical Branch (UTMB), Research Building 17, 105 11th Street, Galveston, TX 77555, USA
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Jaque-Fernández F, Jorquera G, Troc-Gajardo J, Pietri-Rouxel F, Gentil C, Buvinic S, Allard B, Jaimovich E, Jacquemond V, Casas M. Pannexin-1 and CaV1.1 show reciprocal interaction during excitation-contraction and excitation-transcription coupling in skeletal muscle. J Gen Physiol 2021; 153:212695. [PMID: 34636893 PMCID: PMC8515650 DOI: 10.1085/jgp.202012635] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2020] [Revised: 05/24/2021] [Accepted: 09/15/2021] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
One of the most important functions of skeletal muscle is to respond to nerve stimuli by contracting. This function ensures body movement but also participates in other important physiological roles, like regulation of glucose homeostasis. Muscle activity is closely regulated to adapt to different demands and shows a plasticity that relies on both transcriptional activity and nerve stimuli. These two processes, both dependent on depolarization of the plasma membrane, have so far been regarded as separated and independent processes due to a lack of evidence of common protein partners or molecular mechanisms. In this study, we reveal intimate functional interactions between the process of excitation-induced contraction and the process of excitation-induced transcriptional activity in skeletal muscle. We show that the plasma membrane voltage-sensing protein CaV1.1 and the ATP-releasing channel Pannexin-1 (Panx1) regulate each other in a reciprocal manner, playing roles in both processes. Specifically, knockdown of CaV1.1 produces chronically elevated extracellular ATP concentrations at rest, consistent with disruption of the normal control of Panx1 activity. Conversely, knockdown of Panx1 affects not only activation of transcription but also CaV1.1 function on the control of muscle fiber contraction. Altogether, our results establish the presence of bidirectional functional regulations between the molecular machineries involved in the control of contraction and transcription induced by membrane depolarization of adult muscle fibers. Our results are important for an integrative understanding of skeletal muscle function and may impact our understanding of several neuromuscular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francisco Jaque-Fernández
- Programa de Fisiología y Biofísica, Facultad de Medicina, Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Gonzalo Jorquera
- Programa de Fisiología y Biofísica, Facultad de Medicina, Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile.,Centro de Neurobiología y Fisiopatología Integrativa, Instituto de Fisiología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Valparaíso, Valparaíso, Chile
| | - Jennifer Troc-Gajardo
- Programa de Fisiología y Biofísica, Facultad de Medicina, Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - France Pietri-Rouxel
- Université Pierre et Marie Curie, Université Paris 06, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale/Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique/Institut de Myologie/Centre de Recherche en Myologie, Groupement hospitalier universitaire Pitié Salpêtrière, Paris, France
| | - Christel Gentil
- Université Pierre et Marie Curie, Université Paris 06, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale/Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique/Institut de Myologie/Centre de Recherche en Myologie, Groupement hospitalier universitaire Pitié Salpêtrière, Paris, France
| | - Sonja Buvinic
- Institute for Research in Dental Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Bruno Allard
- Université Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique UMR-5310, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale U-1217, Institut NeuroMyoGène, Lyon, France
| | - Enrique Jaimovich
- Programa de Fisiología y Biofísica, Facultad de Medicina, Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile.,Center for Exercise, Metabolism and Cancer, Facultad de Medicina, Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Vincent Jacquemond
- Université Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique UMR-5310, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale U-1217, Institut NeuroMyoGène, Lyon, France
| | - Mariana Casas
- Programa de Fisiología y Biofísica, Facultad de Medicina, Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile.,Center for Exercise, Metabolism and Cancer, Facultad de Medicina, Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
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44
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Larrañaga-Vera A, Marco-Bonilla M, Largo R, Herrero-Beaumont G, Mediero A, Cronstein B. ATP transporters in the joints. Purinergic Signal 2021; 17:591-605. [PMID: 34392490 PMCID: PMC8677878 DOI: 10.1007/s11302-021-09810-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2021] [Accepted: 07/09/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Extracellular adenosine triphosphate (ATP) plays a central role in a wide variety of joint diseases. ATP is generated intracellularly, and the concentration of the extracellular ATP pool is determined by the regulation of its transport out of the cell. A variety of ATP transporters have been described, with connexins and pannexins the most commonly cited. Both form intercellular channels, known as gap junctions, that facilitate the transport of various small molecules between cells and mediate cell-cell communication. Connexins and pannexins also form pores, or hemichannels, that are permeable to certain molecules, including ATP. All joint tissues express one or more connexins and pannexins, and their expression is altered in some pathological conditions, such as osteoarthritis (OA) and rheumatoid arthritis (RA), indicating that they may be involved in the onset and progression of these pathologies. The aging of the global population, along with increases in the prevalence of obesity and metabolic dysfunction, is associated with a rising frequency of joint diseases along with the increased costs and burden of related illness. The modulation of connexins and pannexins represents an attractive therapeutic target in joint disease, but their complex regulation, their combination of gap-junction-dependent and -independent functions, and their interplay between gap junction and hemichannel formation are not yet fully elucidated. In this review, we try to shed light on the regulation of these proteins and their roles in ATP transport to the extracellular space in the context of joint disease, and specifically OA and RA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ane Larrañaga-Vera
- Department of Medicine, Division of Translational Medicine, NYU Langone Health, New York, NY, USA
| | - Miguel Marco-Bonilla
- Bone and Joint Research Unit, IIS-Fundación Jiménez Díaz UAM, 28040, Madrid, Spain
| | - Raquel Largo
- Bone and Joint Research Unit, IIS-Fundación Jiménez Díaz UAM, 28040, Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Aránzazu Mediero
- Bone and Joint Research Unit, IIS-Fundación Jiménez Díaz UAM, 28040, Madrid, Spain.
| | - Bruce Cronstein
- Department of Medicine, Division of Translational Medicine, NYU Langone Health, New York, NY, USA
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45
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Koval M, Cwiek A, Carr T, Good ME, Lohman AW, Isakson BE. Pannexin 1 as a driver of inflammation and ischemia-reperfusion injury. Purinergic Signal 2021; 17:521-531. [PMID: 34251590 PMCID: PMC8273370 DOI: 10.1007/s11302-021-09804-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2021] [Accepted: 06/24/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Pannexin 1 (Panx1) is a ubiquitously expressed protein forming large conductance channels that are central to many distinct inflammation and injury responses. There is accumulating evidence showing ATP released from Panx1 channels, as well as metabolites, provide effective paracrine and autocrine signaling molecules that regulate different elements of the injury response. As channels with a broad range of permselectivity, Panx1 channels mediate the secretion and uptake of multiple solutes, ranging from calcium to bacterial derived molecules. In this review, we describe how Panx1 functions in response to different pro-inflammatory stimuli, focusing mainly on signaling coordinated by the vasculature. How Panx1 mediates ATP release by injured cells is also discussed. The ability of Panx1 to serve as a central component of many diverse physiologic responses has proven to be critically dependent on the context of expression, post-translational modification, interacting partners, and the mode of stimulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Koval
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, 205 Whitehead Building, 615 Michael Street, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA.
- Department of Cell Biology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA.
| | - Aleksandra Cwiek
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA, 22908, USA
| | - Thomas Carr
- Department of Cell Biology and Anatomy, University of Calgary Cumming School of Medicine, Calgary, AB, Canada
- Hotchkiss Brain Institute and Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Miranda E Good
- Molecular Cardiology Research Institute, Tufts Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Alexander W Lohman
- Department of Cell Biology and Anatomy, University of Calgary Cumming School of Medicine, Calgary, AB, Canada
- Hotchkiss Brain Institute and Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Brant E Isakson
- Robert M. Berne Cardiovascular Research Center, School of Medicine, University of Virginia, PO Box 801394, Charlottesville, VA, 22908, USA.
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA, 22908, USA.
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Suarez-Berumen K, Collins-Hooper H, Gromova A, Meech R, Sacco A, Dash PR, Mitchell R, Shestopalov VI, Woolley TE, Vaiyapuri S, Patel K, Makarenkova HP. Pannexin 1 Regulates Skeletal Muscle Regeneration by Promoting Bleb-Based Myoblast Migration and Fusion Through a Novel Lipid Based Signaling Mechanism. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:736813. [PMID: 34676213 PMCID: PMC8523994 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.736813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2021] [Accepted: 09/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Adult skeletal muscle has robust regenerative capabilities due to the presence of a resident stem cell population called satellite cells. Muscle injury leads to these normally quiescent cells becoming molecularly and metabolically activated and embarking on a program of proliferation, migration, differentiation, and fusion culminating in the repair of damaged tissue. These processes are highly coordinated by paracrine signaling events that drive cytoskeletal rearrangement and cell-cell communication. Pannexins are a family of transmembrane channel proteins that mediate paracrine signaling by ATP release. It is known that Pannexin1 (Panx1) is expressed in skeletal muscle, however, the role of Panx1 during skeletal muscle development and regeneration remains poorly understood. Here we show that Panx1 is expressed on the surface of myoblasts and its expression is rapidly increased upon induction of differentiation and that Panx1-/- mice exhibit impaired muscle regeneration after injury. Panx1-/- myoblasts activate the myogenic differentiation program normally, but display marked deficits in migration and fusion. Mechanistically, we show that Panx1 activates P2 class purinergic receptors, which in turn mediate a lipid signaling cascade in myoblasts. This signaling induces bleb-driven amoeboid movement that in turn supports myoblast migration and fusion. Finally, we show that Panx1 is involved in the regulation of cell-matrix interaction through the induction of ADAMTS (Disintegrin-like and Metalloprotease domain with Thrombospondin-type 5) proteins that help remodel the extracellular matrix. These studies reveal a novel role for lipid-based signaling pathways activated by Panx1 in the coordination of myoblast activities essential for skeletal muscle regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katia Suarez-Berumen
- Department of Molecular Medicine, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, United States.,West Anaheim Medical Center, Anaheim, CA, United States
| | | | - Anastasia Gromova
- Department of Molecular Medicine, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, United States.,Development, Aging and Regeneration Program, Center for Genetic Disorders and Aging Research, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, CA, United States
| | - Robyn Meech
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Flinders University, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Alessandra Sacco
- Development, Aging and Regeneration Program, Center for Genetic Disorders and Aging Research, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, CA, United States
| | - Phil R Dash
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Reading, Reading, United Kingdom
| | - Robert Mitchell
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Reading, Reading, United Kingdom
| | - Valery I Shestopalov
- Bascom Palmer Eye Institute, University of Miami School of Medicine, Miami, FL, United States.,Institute for Information Transmission Problems, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | - Thomas E Woolley
- Mathematical Institute, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | | | - Ketan Patel
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Reading, Reading, United Kingdom
| | - Helen P Makarenkova
- Department of Molecular Medicine, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, United States
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47
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Connexin Expression Is Altered in Liver Development of Yotari ( dab1 -/-) Mice. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms221910712. [PMID: 34639052 PMCID: PMC8509723 DOI: 10.3390/ijms221910712] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2021] [Revised: 09/26/2021] [Accepted: 09/29/2021] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Disabled-1 (Dab1) protein is an intracellular adaptor of reelin signaling required for prenatal neuronal migration, as well as postnatal neurotransmission, memory formation and synaptic plasticity. Yotari, an autosomal recessive mutant of the mouse Dab1 gene is recognizable by its premature death, unstable gait and tremor. Previous findings are mostly based on neuronal abnormalities caused by Dab1 deficiency, but the role of the reelin signaling pathway in nonneuronal tissues and organs has not been studied until recently. Hepatocytes, the most abundant cells in the liver, communicate via gap junctions (GJ) are composed of connexins. Cell communication disruption in yotari mice was examined by analyzing the expression of connexins (Cxs): Cx26, Cx32, Cx37, Cx40, Cx43 and Cx45 during liver development at 13.5 and 15.5 gestation days (E13.5 and E15.5). Analyses were performed using immunohistochemistry and fluorescent microscopy, followed by quantification of area percentage covered by positive signal. Data are expressed as a mean ± SD and analyzed by one-way ANOVA. All Cxs examined displayed a significant decrease in yotari compared to wild type (wt) individuals at E13.5. Looking at E15.5 we have similar results with exception of Cx37 showing negligible expression in wt. Channels formation triggered by pathological stimuli, as well as propensity to apoptosis, was studied by measuring the expression of Pannexin1 (Panx1) and Apoptosis-inducing factor (AIF) through developmental stages mentioned above. An increase in Panx1 expression of E15.5 yotari mice, as well as a strong jump of AIF in both phases suggesting that yotari mice are more prone to apoptosis. Our results emphasize the importance of gap junction intercellular communication (GJIC) during liver development and their possible involvement in liver pathology and diagnostics where they can serve as potential biomarkers and drug targets.
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Rawat A, Morrison BM. Metabolic Transporters in the Peripheral Nerve-What, Where, and Why? Neurotherapeutics 2021; 18:2185-2199. [PMID: 34773210 PMCID: PMC8804006 DOI: 10.1007/s13311-021-01150-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Cellular metabolism is critical not only for cell survival, but also for cell fate, function, and intercellular communication. There are several different metabolic transporters expressed in the peripheral nervous system, and they each play important roles in maintaining cellular energy. The major source of energy in the peripheral nervous system is glucose, and glucose transporters 1 and 3 are expressed and allow blood glucose to be imported and utilized by peripheral nerves. There is also increasing evidence that other sources of energy, particularly monocarboxylates such as lactate that are transported primarily by monocarboxylate transporters 1 and 2 in peripheral nerves, can be efficiently utilized by peripheral nerves. Finally, emerging evidence supports an important role for connexins and possibly pannexins in the supply and regulation of metabolic energy. In this review, we will first define these critical metabolic transporter subtypes and then examine their localization in the peripheral nervous system. We will subsequently discuss the evidence, which comes both from experiments in animal models and observations from human diseases, supporting critical roles played by these metabolic transporters in the peripheral nervous system. Despite progress made in understanding the function of these transporters, many questions and some discrepancies remain, and these will also be addressed throughout this review. Peripheral nerve metabolism is fundamentally important and renewed interest in these pathways should help to answer many of these questions and potentially provide new treatments for neurologic diseases that are partly, or completely, caused by disruption of metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atul Rawat
- Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Brett M Morrison
- Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.
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49
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Kirichenko EY, Skatchkov SN, Ermakov AM. Structure and Functions of Gap Junctions and Their Constituent Connexins in the Mammalian CNS. BIOCHEMISTRY MOSCOW SUPPLEMENT SERIES A-MEMBRANE AND CELL BIOLOGY 2021; 15:107-119. [PMID: 34512926 PMCID: PMC8432592 DOI: 10.1134/s1990747821020069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Numerous data obtained in the last 20 years indicate that all parts of the mature central nervous system, from the retina and olfactory bulb to the spinal cord and brain, contain cells connected by gap junctions (GJs). The morphological basis of the GJs is a group of joined membrane hemichannels called connexons, the subunit of each connexon is the protein connexin. In the central nervous system, connexins show specificity and certain types of them are expressed either in neurons or in glial cells. Connexins and GJs of neurons, combining certain types of inhibitory hippocampal and neocortical neuronal ensembles, provide synchronization of local impulse and rhythmic activity, thalamocortical conduction, control of excitatory connections, which reflects their important role in the processes of perception, concentration of attention and consolidation of memory, both on the cellular and at the system level. Connexins of glial cells are ubiquitously expressed in the brain, and the GJs formed by them provide molecular signaling and metabolic cooperation and play a certain role in the processes of neuronal migration during brain development, myelination, tissue homeostasis, and apoptosis. At the same time, mutations in the genes of glial connexins, as well as a deficiency of these proteins, are associated with such diseases as congenital neuropathies, hearing loss, skin diseases, and brain tumors. This review summarizes the existing data of numerous molecular, electrophysiological, pharmacological, and morphological studies aimed at progress in the study of the physiological and pathophysiological significance of glial and neuronal connexins and GJs for the central nervous system.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Yu Kirichenko
- Academy of Biology and Biotechnology, Southern Federal University, Rostov-on-Don, 344090 Russia
| | - S N Skatchkov
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, P.O. Box 60327, Universidad Central del Caribe, Bayamón, PR, 00960-6032 USA.,Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, P.O. Box 60327, Universidad Central del Caribe, Bayamón, PR, 00960-6032 USA
| | - A M Ermakov
- Faculty of Bioengineering and Veterinary Medicine, Don State Technical University, Rostov-on-Don, 344003 Russia
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50
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Dossi E, Rouach N. Pannexin 1 channels and ATP release in epilepsy: two sides of the same coin : The contribution of pannexin-1, connexins, and CALHM ATP-release channels to purinergic signaling. Purinergic Signal 2021; 17:533-548. [PMID: 34495463 DOI: 10.1007/s11302-021-09818-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2021] [Accepted: 08/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Purinergic signaling mediated by ATP and its metabolites contributes to various brain physiological processes as well as to several pathological conditions, including neurodegenerative and neurological disorders, such as epilepsy. Among the different ATP release pathways, pannexin 1 channels represent one of the major conduits being primarily activated in pathological contexts. Investigations on in vitro and in vivo models of epileptiform activity and seizures in mice and human tissues revealed pannexin 1 involvement in aberrant network activity and epilepsy, and highlighted that pannexin 1 exerts a complex role. Pannexin 1 can indeed either sustain seizures through release of ATP that can directly activate purinergic receptors, or tune down epileptic activity via ATP-derived adenosine that decreases neuronal excitability. Interestingly, in-depth analysis of the literature unveils that this dichotomy is only apparent, as it depends on the model of seizure induction and the type of evoked epileptiform activity, two factors that can differentially activate pannexin 1 channels and trigger distinct intracellular signaling cascades. Here, we review the general properties and ATP permeability of pannexin 1 channels, and discuss their impact on acute epileptiform activity and chronic epilepsy according to the regime of activity and disease state. These data pave the way for the development of new antiepileptic strategies selectively targeting pannexin 1 channels in a context-dependent manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Dossi
- Neuroglial Interactions in Cerebral Physiology and Pathologies, Center for Interdisciplinary Research in Biology, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique UMR 7241, Institut National de la Santé Et de la Recherche Médicale U1050, Collège de France, Labex Memolife, Université PSL, Paris, France.
| | - Nathalie Rouach
- Neuroglial Interactions in Cerebral Physiology and Pathologies, Center for Interdisciplinary Research in Biology, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique UMR 7241, Institut National de la Santé Et de la Recherche Médicale U1050, Collège de France, Labex Memolife, Université PSL, Paris, France.
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