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Pintos-Toledo E, Fernandez-Gimenez S, F Hino AA, Olivares PR, Brazo-Sayavera J. Analysis of the use of public open spaces and physical activity levels in children and adolescents from Rivera (Uruguay). Health Place 2024; 88:103278. [PMID: 38810372 DOI: 10.1016/j.healthplace.2024.103278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2024] [Revised: 05/14/2024] [Accepted: 05/22/2024] [Indexed: 05/31/2024]
Abstract
This study aimed to analyze the use of public open spaces and physical activity levels among children and adolescents in the city of Rivera, Uruguay. A total of 88 target areas located in 29 public open spaces were observed using the System for Observing Play and Recreation in Communities (SOPARC). Systematic observations were made at different times of the day, covering both weekdays and weekends, for a total of 792 records in each public open spaces. Characteristics of the users were recorded according to gender (male and female), age group (infancy to early childhood 0-5 years, middle childhood 6-12 years, adolescence 13-18 years) and physical activity level (sedentary, moderate, or vigorous activity). Logistic regression was employed, considering variables such as day, period, type, and conditions, to assess factors associated with user presence and activity, with separate analyses by gender. Most of the users were adolescents (59.8%) between 13 and 18 years, 67.2% were male and half of the users were sedentary (50.1%). Furthermore, the majority of participants used the target areas on weekends (96.2%), particularly in the evening (99.2%). Multivariate analyses revealed elevated odds of having active girls and boys in the target area during the afternoon and evening, particularly in organized and equipped areas, compared to the morning. Based on this information, it is worth proposing the need to promote the active use of public open spaces in the city of Rivera (Uruguay).
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Affiliation(s)
- Enrique Pintos-Toledo
- Instituto Superior de Educación Física, Universidad de La República (UdelaR), Rivera, 40000, Uruguay; Grupo de Investigación en Análisis del Rendimiento Humano, Universidad de la República (UdelaR), Rivera, 40000, Uruguay; PDU EFISAL, Centro Universitario Regional Noreste, Universidad de la República, Rivera, 40000, Uruguay.
| | - Sofia Fernandez-Gimenez
- Instituto Superior de Educación Física, Universidad de La República (UdelaR), Rivera, 40000, Uruguay; Grupo de Investigación en Análisis del Rendimiento Humano, Universidad de la República (UdelaR), Rivera, 40000, Uruguay; PDU EFISAL, Centro Universitario Regional Noreste, Universidad de la República, Rivera, 40000, Uruguay
| | - Adriano Akira F Hino
- Health Science Graduate Program, Medicine and Lifes Science School. Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Paraná, 80215-901, Curitba, PR, Brazil
| | - Pedro R Olivares
- Facultad de Educación, Psicología y Ciencias del Deporte, Universidad de Huelva, Avenida de Las Fuerzas Armadas s/n, 21007, Huelva, Spain
| | - Javier Brazo-Sayavera
- Grupo de Investigación en Análisis del Rendimiento Humano, Universidad de la República (UdelaR), Rivera, 40000, Uruguay; PDU EFISAL, Centro Universitario Regional Noreste, Universidad de la República, Rivera, 40000, Uruguay; Departamento de Deporte e Informática, Universidad Pablo de Olavide (UPO), Seville, 41013, Spain
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Merellano-Navarro E, Godoy-Cumillaf A, Collado-Mateo D, Aguilar-Valdés M, Torres-Mejías J, Almonacid-Fierro A, Valdés-Badilla P, Giakoni-Ramírez F, Bruneau-Chávez J, Olivares PR. Effectiveness of an Ecological Model-Based Active Transport Education Program on Physical and Mental Health in High School Students (MOV-ES Project): Study Protocol for a Randomized Controlled Trial. Healthcare (Basel) 2024; 12:1259. [PMID: 38998794 PMCID: PMC11241461 DOI: 10.3390/healthcare12131259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2024] [Revised: 06/21/2024] [Accepted: 06/21/2024] [Indexed: 07/14/2024] Open
Abstract
The United Nations, through its 2030 Agenda and Sustainable Development Goals, advocates for the establishment of conducive environments for physical activity, following the ecological model. In line with this initiative, active transportation emerges as an accessible, cost-effective, and sustainable approach to augmenting daily physical activity levels. This study protocol endeavors to assess the impact of an active transportation education program rooted in the ecological model on the physical and mental well-being of high school students. Drawing upon scientific insights, we hypothesize that a 16-week active transportation intervention will lead to a 3% reduction in average body fat percentage and a noteworthy enhancement in executive function (including inhibition, cognitive flexibility, and working memory), physical fitness (comprising cardiorespiratory fitness and muscle strength), and mental health (encompassing mood disorders and cognitive functioning). If this intervention proves effective, it could offer a viable solution for the school community, especially in reducing congestion within the school environment. The study protocol aims to evaluate the impact of an active transportation educational program based on the ecological model on the physical and mental well-being of high school students. Three high schools located in the urban area of Talca, Chile, will be randomly selected (one public, one privately subsidized, and one private non-subsidized). Each high school will be randomly assigned an experimental group (n = 30) and a control group (n = 30; without intervention). The experimental groups will receive an active transportation educational intervention during their physical education classes for four months (60 to 90 min sessions, once a week), while the control group will receive no intervention. The primary outcome will provide information on body composition and executive function. Secondary outcomes will include objective physical activity level, physical fitness, mental well-being, academic achievement, health-related quality of life, perception of environmental urban features, physical activity barriers, and adherence to active transportation. It is expected that the results of the MOV-ES Project will transcend the physical health of schoolchildren and will have an impact on the school community, especially by decongesting the school environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eugenio Merellano-Navarro
- Department of Physical Activity Sciences, Faculty of Education Sciences, Universidad Católica del Maule, Talca 3530000, Chile
| | - Andrés Godoy-Cumillaf
- Grupo de Investigación en Educación Física, Salud y Calidad de Vida (EFISAL), Facultad de Educación, Universidad Autónoma de Chile, Temuco 4780000, Chile
| | - Daniel Collado-Mateo
- Sport Sciences Research Center, Rey Juan Carlos University, Fuenlabrada, 28943 Madrid, Spain
| | - Mirko Aguilar-Valdés
- Faculty of Education Sciences, Universidad Católica del Maule, Talca 3530000, Chile
| | - Jorge Torres-Mejías
- Doctoral Program in Physical Activity Sciences, Faculty of Education Sciences, Universidad Católica del Maule, Talca 3530000, Chile
| | - Alejandro Almonacid-Fierro
- Department of Physical Activity Sciences, Faculty of Education Sciences, Universidad Católica del Maule, Talca 3530000, Chile
| | - Pablo Valdés-Badilla
- Department of Physical Activity Sciences, Faculty of Education Sciences, Universidad Católica del Maule, Talca 3530000, Chile
- Sports Coach Career, School of Education, Universidad Viña del Mar, Viña del Mar 2520000, Chile
| | - Frano Giakoni-Ramírez
- Faculty of Education and Social Sciences, Universidad Andres Bello, Las Condes, Santiago 7550000, Chile
| | - José Bruneau-Chávez
- Departamento de Educación Física, Deportes y Recreación, Universidad de la Frontera, Temuco 4811230, Chile
| | - Pedro R Olivares
- Faculty of Education, Psychology and Sport Sciences, University of Huelva, 21007 Huelva, Spain
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Maulida R, Goel R, Labib SM, Oni T, van Sluijs EM. Environmental correlates of adolescent active travel to school in Asia: An ecological study. Health Place 2023; 81:103024. [PMID: 37043940 DOI: 10.1016/j.healthplace.2023.103024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2022] [Revised: 03/02/2023] [Accepted: 04/02/2023] [Indexed: 04/14/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This study aimed to examine the association between country-level environmental correlates and the prevalence of active school travel (AST) in Asia and country-level differences in AST by age and sex. METHODS This ecological study involved 31 Asian countries. Dependent variables were AST prevalence, AST prevalence difference by age, and by sex. Independent variables were country-level environmental correlates extracted using publicly available datasets, classified into physical and social environments. Association estimates of each dependent variable and each of the independent variables were calculated using univariate linear regression. All variables were standardized to have a mean of 0 and a standard deviation of 1. RESULTS Results showed that 1 standard deviation (SD) difference in urban population percentage, night-time light, secondary-school enrolment, and prevalence of adult insufficient physical activity were negatively associated with AST prevalence (SD difference: -0.44 (-0.78 to -0.09), -0.40 (-0.76 to -0.04), -0.39 (-0.74 to -0.04), and -0.40 (-0.76 to -0.03), respectively). A 1 SD difference in car per people was associated with a -0.46 (-0.84 to -0.09) difference of AST prevalence by age. A 1 SD difference in PM2.5 concentration and of prevalence of adult insufficient physical activity were associated with a difference of 0.38 (0.01-0.74) and 0.42 (0.03-0.80) difference of AST prevalence by sex. CONCLUSIONS This study shows that Asian countries with a greater number of people living in urban areas, lower levels of overall adult physical activity and higher levels of night-time light have a lower prevalence of adolescent AST. Country-level physical and social environmental correlates explained some of the regional variance in AST. Future policy actions and interventions for the region need to be contextually sensitive to the environmental correlates that vary between countries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rizka Maulida
- MRC Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom; Department of Epidemiology, Faculty of Public Health, Universitas Indonesia, Depok, Indonesia.
| | - Rahul Goel
- Transportation Research and Injury Prevention Centre, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, New Delhi, India
| | - S M Labib
- MRC Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom; Department of Human Geography and Spatial Planning, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Tolu Oni
- MRC Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
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The relationship between physical activity and depressive symptoms is domain-specific, age-dependent, and non-linear: An analysis of the Brazilian national health survey. J Psychiatr Res 2023; 159:205-212. [PMID: 36739848 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpsychires.2023.01.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2022] [Revised: 12/20/2022] [Accepted: 01/26/2023] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
Although there is consistent evidence of the beneficial effects of leisure physical activity (PA) on mental health, the role of PA in the domestic, transport, and occupational domains is inconclusive. This study aimed to analyze the relationship between domain-specific PA and depressive symptoms and examine whether the association is moderated by age in a representative sample of the Brazilian population. Cross-sectional data of 89,923 (52.4% female) individuals aged ≥15 years were analyzed. Depressive symptoms were assessed using the Patient Health Questionnaire-9. Physical activity (min/week) performed in different domains (domestic, transport, occupation, and leisure) was self-reported. Generalized additive models with penalized splines were used to explore associations. Lower leisure-time PA and higher levels of PA in the domestic, occupational, and transport domains at distinct PA thresholds were associated with higher depressive symptoms. Leisure PA, even at lower levels, was associated with lower depressive symptoms compared to no PA at all. The increase in depressive symptoms as a function of occupational PA was observed only at PA levels higher than 40 h/week. Although non-leisure PA levels were related to higher depressive symptoms among the total sample, higher domestic and transport PA levels were related to lower depressive symptoms among older adults. This study provides insights into the non-linearity and age-group dependence of the relationship between domain-specific PA and depressive symptoms in a middle-income country. The evidence suggests that care should be taken on recommending PA regardless of context or domain.
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da Silva FMO, Longo GZ, de Camargo AM, Fiates GMR, Pessoa MC. Neighborhood factors associated with leisure-time physical activity in a Brazilian city. Health Promot Int 2022; 37:6827730. [DOI: 10.1093/heapro/daac158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Summary
The purpose of this study was to estimate the association between environmental variables and leisure-time physical activity levels in an adult population of a medium-sized city in Brazil. This is a cross-sectional study with a sample of 965 adults (20–59 years). Individual, socioeconomic, demographic and behavioral data were obtained through a population-based survey. Environmental data were collected through direct observation and subsequently georeferenced. The outcome variable was leisure-time physical activity level, dichotomized as insufficiently active (<150 min/week) and active (≥150 min/week). Physical activity-related facilities were categorized as public or private, and food outlets as healthy, unhealthy or mixed. Monthly per capita income and crime rate by census tract were used to categorize the social environment. Statistical analysis was performed using binary logistic regression (generalized estimating equation models). A direct association was found between the availability of public (adjusted OR = 2.16; 95% CI = 1.44–3.25) and private (adjusted OR = 1.21; 95% CI = 1.02–1.44) physical activity facilities in the census tract and leisure-time physical activity. A greater availability of mixed food establishments was associated with higher leisure-time physical activity levels (adjusted OR = 1.10; 95% CI = 1.004–1.22). Environmental characteristics can contribute together to leisure-time physical activity and could be the focus of policies aimed at promoting physical activity in middle-income countries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fernanda Maria Oliveira da Silva
- Department of Nutrition and Health, Federal University of Viçosa , Ed. Biological Sciences Center II University Campus, s/nº, CEP: 36570.900, Viçosa, MG , Brazil
| | - Giana Zarbato Longo
- Department of Nutrition, Federal University of Santa Catarina , Health Sciences Center. University Campus, Trindade, CEP: 88040-970 , Florianópolis, SC , Brazil
| | - Anice Milbratz de Camargo
- Department of Nutrition, Federal University of Santa Catarina , Health Sciences Center. University Campus, Trindade, CEP: 88040-970 , Florianópolis, SC , Brazil
| | - Giovanna Medeiros Rataichesck Fiates
- Department of Nutrition, Federal University of Santa Catarina , Health Sciences Center. University Campus, Trindade, CEP: 88040-970 , Florianópolis, SC , Brazil
| | - Milene Cristine Pessoa
- Nursing Department, Federal University of Minas Gerais , Avenida Professor Alfredo Balena, 190. Santa Efigênia, CEP: 30130100, Belo Horizonte, MG , Brazil
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Ferrari G, Alberico C, Marques A, Kovalskys I, Gómez G, Rigotti A, Cortés LY, García MY, Pareja RG, Herrera-Cuenca M, Drenowatz C, Leme ACB, Cristi-Montero C, da Costa RF, Farías‑Valenzuela C, Fisberg M. Perceived urban environment attributes and obesity indices in adults: an 8-Nation study from Latin America. Sci Rep 2022; 12:19598. [PMID: 36380054 PMCID: PMC9666441 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-24209-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2022] [Accepted: 11/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
This study examines the associations between perceived urban environment attributes and obesity indices by country using data from an eight-nation study from Latin America. The data were collected from 8185 adults. The Neighbourhood Environment Walkability-abbreviated scale was used to assess perceived urban environment attributes. Obesity indices considered were body mass index, waist circumference, neck circumference, a body shape index and waist-to-height ratio. The perception of a more and better land use mix-diversity (β - 0.44; 95% CI - 0.59, - 0.28), traffic safety (- 0.39; - 0.66, - 0.12), and safety from crime (- 0.36; - 0.57, - 0.15) was associated with lower body mass index across the entire sample. Land use mix-diversity (- 1.21; - 1.60, - 0.82), street connectivity (- 0.26; - 0.37, - 0.15), and traffic safety (- 0.79; - 1.47, - 0.12) were negatively associated with waist circumference. Land use mix-diversity (- 0.11; - 0.20, - 0.03), land use mix-access (- 0.23; - 0.34, 0.12), walking/cycling facilities (- 0.22; - 0.37, - 0.08), and safety from crime (- 0.27; - 0.42, - 0.12) were negatively associated with neck circumference. No associations between perceived urban environment attributes and a body shape index were found. Land use mix-diversity (- 0.01; - 0.02, - 0.01), aesthetics (- 0.02; - 0.03, - 0.01), and safety from crime (- 0.02; - 0.04, - 0.01) were associated with waist-to-height ratio. Environmental interventions involving urban environment attributes are associated with obesity indices and, therefore, may help decrease the prevalence of overweight and obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gerson Ferrari
- grid.441837.d0000 0001 0765 9762Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Autónoma de Chile, Dirección: Av. Pedro de Valdivia 425, Santiago, Providencia Chile
| | - Claudia Alberico
- grid.261038.e0000000122955703North Carolina Central University (NCCU), Julius L. Chambers Biomedical and Biotechnology Research Institute (JLC-BBRI), Durham, NC USA
| | - Adilson Marques
- grid.9983.b0000 0001 2181 4263CIPER, Faculdade de Motricidade Humana, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal ,grid.9983.b0000 0001 2181 4263Faculdade de Medicina, ISAMB, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Irina Kovalskys
- grid.412525.50000 0001 2097 3932Carrera de Nutrición, Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica Argentina, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Georgina Gómez
- grid.412889.e0000 0004 1937 0706Departamento de Bioquímica, Escuela de Medicina, Universidad de Costa Rica, San José, Costa Rica
| | - Attilio Rigotti
- grid.7870.80000 0001 2157 0406Centro de Nutrición Molecular y Enfermedades Crónicas, Departamento de Nutrición, Diabetes Y Metabolismo, Escuela de Medicina, Pontificia Universidad Católica, Santiago, Chile
| | - Lilia Yadira Cortés
- grid.41312.350000 0001 1033 6040Departamento de Nutrición Y Bioquímica, Pontificia Universidad Javeriana, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Martha Yépez García
- grid.412251.10000 0000 9008 4711Colégio de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad San Francisco de Quito, Quito, Ecuador
| | - Rossina G. Pareja
- grid.419080.40000 0001 2236 6140Instituto de Investigación Nutricional, La Molina, Lima Peru
| | - Marianella Herrera-Cuenca
- grid.8171.f0000 0001 2155 0982Centro de Estudios del Desarrollo, Universidad Central de Venezuela (CENDES-UCV)/Fundación Bengoa, Caracas, Venezuela
| | - Clemens Drenowatz
- grid.508763.f0000 0004 0412 684XDivision of Physical Education, University of Education Upper Austria, 4020 Linz, Austria
| | - Ana Carolina B. Leme
- Centro de Excelencia em Nutrição e Dificuldades Alimentaes (CENDA), Instituto Pensi, Fundação José Luiz Egydio Setubal, Hospital Infantil Sabará, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Carlos Cristi-Montero
- grid.8170.e0000 0001 1537 5962IRyS Group, Physical Education School, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Valparaíso, Valparaíso, Chile
| | - Roberto Fernandes da Costa
- grid.411233.60000 0000 9687 399XPhysical Education Department, Research Group in Physical Activity and Health, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, Brazil
| | - Claudio Farías‑Valenzuela
- grid.441811.90000 0004 0487 6309Instituto del Deporte, Universidad de las Americas, 9170022 Santiago, Chile
| | - Mauro Fisberg
- Centro de Excelencia em Nutrição e Dificuldades Alimentaes (CENDA), Instituto Pensi, Fundação José Luiz Egydio Setubal, Hospital Infantil Sabará, São Paulo, Brazil ,grid.411249.b0000 0001 0514 7202Departamento de Pediatria da, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
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Valladares-Garrido MJ, Zapata-Castro LE, Picón-Reategui CK, Mesta-Pintado AP, Picón-Reategui RA, Huaman-Garcia M, Pereira-Victorio CJ, Valladares-Garrido D, Failoc-Rojas VE. Association between Working Time and Burnout Syndrome in Peruvian Military during the Second Epidemic Wave of COVID-19. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:13614. [PMID: 36294208 PMCID: PMC9602622 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph192013614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2022] [Revised: 10/09/2022] [Accepted: 10/13/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
There is scant evidence on the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on burnout in front-line military personnel and how working time may influence on this condition. We aimed to determine the association between working time and Burnout syndrome in military personnel. A cross-sectional study was conducted using secondary data among 576 military personnel from Lambayeque, Peru during the second wave of COVID-19 in 2021. We used the Maslach Burnout Inventory instrument to measure Burnout Syndrome. We evaluated its association with work time, measured as the number of months that the military member worked during the pandemic. The prevalence of burnout syndrome was 9%. Of the total sample, 39.1% and 10.3% presented depersonalization and emotional exhaustion, respectively. Military personnel working for more than 18 months had a 104% higher prevalence of Burnout syndrome (PR: 2.04, 95%CI: 1.02-4.10). Exposure to a prolonged work time during the pandemic increased the prevalence of Burnout syndrome in military personnel. This information helps to understand the potential effects of the pandemic on this population and provides insight into the time the military members would need rest to prevent Burnout syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mario J. Valladares-Garrido
- South American Center for Education and Research in Public Health, Universidad Norbert Wiener, Lima 15046, Peru
- Oficina de Epidemiología, Hospital Regional Lambayeque, Chiclayo 14012, Peru
| | - Luis Eduardo Zapata-Castro
- Escuela de Medicina, Universidad Nacional de Piura, Piura 20002, Peru
- Scientific Society of Medical Students, Universidad Nacional de Piura, Piura 20002, Peru
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Danai Valladares-Garrido
- Escuela de Medicina, Universidad Cesar Vallejo, Piura 13001, Peru
- Unidad de Epidemiología y Salud Ambiental, Hospital de Apoyo II Santa Rosa, Piura 20008, Peru
| | - Virgilio E. Failoc-Rojas
- Research Unit for Generation and Synthesis Evidence in Health, Universidad San Ignacio de Loyola, Lima 15024, Peru
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Bizzozero-Peroni B, Fernández-Giménez S, Pintos-Toledo E, Corvos CA, Díaz-Goñi V, Brazo-Sayavera J. Physical activity-related indicators in children and adolescents in Uruguay: A scoping review based on the Global Matrix initiative. Front Public Health 2022; 10:954621. [PMID: 36159259 PMCID: PMC9490234 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2022.954621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2022] [Accepted: 08/05/2022] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The first Uruguay's Report Card in 2018 based on the Global Matrix initiative showed the lack of information on physical activity in children and adolescents. This study mapped and examined the available evidence on physical activity-related indicators based on Uruguay's 2022 Report Card. Methods The scoping review was reported using the Joanna Briggs Institute and the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews extension for Scoping Reviews guidelines. A comprehensive literature search was performed for the period between 2018 and 2021, including electronic databases (PubMed, Web of Science, LILACS, Scielo, and Latindex), gray literature (Google Scholar, open access thesis, relevant websites of State-agencies and International Organizations), national and regional relevant journals, and reference lists of key texts. Two researchers independently conducted both the selection and data-charting process. Data items from each paper were charted based on the Population, Concept, and Context elements reflected in the objective of the review. A narrative synthesis and network plots were conducted to summarize the evidence. Results A total of 20 papers were included in this review, consisting of four peer-reviewed scientific papers, three bachelor's theses, four official documents of State-agencies, four Government reports, of which three included national surveys, and five laws. Strengths, weaknesses, and knowledge gaps were identified from the available evidence. We synthesized main challenges such as publishing scientific studies, establishing cross-national and cross-sectoral collaborations in research projects, generating high-quality data, reporting information on social inequality indicators that influence equitable distribution, or increasing access to public information. Our results support early emerging and growth research on this topic. However, despite existing papers on physical activity-related indicators in Uruguayan youths, the lack of high-quality evidence remains clear. Conclusion The findings of this scoping review provide the best available evidence for identifying and overcoming the challenges of physical activity-related indicators research in Uruguay. The methodological framework used could be useful for countries involved in future editions of the Global Matrix initiative. Systematic review registration Open Science Framework, https://osf.io/hstbd/.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bruno Bizzozero-Peroni
- Instituto Superior de Educación Física, Universidad de la República, Rivera, Uruguay
- Grupo de Investigación en Análisis del Rendimiento Humano, Universidad de la República, Rivera, Uruguay
- Health and Social Research Center, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, Cuenca, Spain
| | - Sofía Fernández-Giménez
- Instituto Superior de Educación Física, Universidad de la República, Rivera, Uruguay
- Grupo de Investigación en Análisis del Rendimiento Humano, Universidad de la República, Rivera, Uruguay
| | - Enrique Pintos-Toledo
- Instituto Superior de Educación Física, Universidad de la República, Rivera, Uruguay
- Grupo de Investigación en Análisis del Rendimiento Humano, Universidad de la República, Rivera, Uruguay
| | - César Augusto Corvos
- Instituto Superior de Educación Física, Universidad de la República, Rivera, Uruguay
- Grupo de Investigación en Análisis del Rendimiento Humano, Universidad de la República, Rivera, Uruguay
| | - Valentina Díaz-Goñi
- Grupo de Investigación en Análisis del Rendimiento Humano, Universidad de la República, Rivera, Uruguay
- Instituto Superior de Educación Física, Universidad de la República, Maldonado, Uruguay
| | - Javier Brazo-Sayavera
- Grupo de Investigación en Análisis del Rendimiento Humano, Universidad de la República, Rivera, Uruguay
- PDU EFISAL, Centro Universitario Regional Noreste, Universidad de la República, Rivera, Uruguay
- Department of Sports and Computer Science, Universidad Pablo de Olavide, Seville, Spain
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9
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Physical Activity Patterns Among Adolescents in Latin America and the Caribbean Region. J Phys Act Health 2022; 19:607-614. [PMID: 35981714 PMCID: PMC7613474 DOI: 10.1123/jpah.2022-0136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2022] [Revised: 06/28/2022] [Accepted: 07/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Background Physical activity implies different patterns, but studies focused on physical inactivity and sedentary behaviors. This study aimed to estimate the prevalence of different physical activity patterns among adolescents in Latin America and the Caribbean region (LAC). Methods Pooled analysis of the most updated data of the Global School-based Student Health surveys. Age-standardized prevalence of four outcomes was estimated using information of last 7 days: physical inactivity (0 days of at least 60min/day), insufficient physical activity (<5 days of at least 60min/day), commuting physical activity (≥5 days of walking or biking to school), and sedentary behavior (≥3 hours/day of sitting time). Results A total of 132,071 records (33 countries) was analyzed, mean age 14.6 years, 51.2% girls. Pooled age-standardized prevalence of physical inactivity was 22.3%, greater among females (25.4%) than males (19.1%); insufficient physical activity was present in 67.7%, greater in females (73.6%) than males (61.5%); commuting physical activity was seen in 43.7%, similar between females (43.3%) and males (44.1%); and sedentary behavior was present in 43.4%, greater among females (45.4%) than males (41.3%). Conclusions In LAC, almost two thirds of adolescents are insufficiently physically active, ≥40% are sedentary, and ≥20% are physically inactive, more frequent among girls than boys.
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Díaz-Muñoz I, Lozada-Tequeanes AL, Campos-Nonato I, Franco-Lares BS, Bonvecchio A. Physical Activity in Mexican High Schools. THE JOURNAL OF SCHOOL HEALTH 2022; 92:873-881. [PMID: 35618656 DOI: 10.1111/josh.13194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2022] [Revised: 04/19/2022] [Accepted: 05/01/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND We evaluated the association between availability of specific physical activity (PA) spaces and PA practices among adolescents within Mexican high schools (HS). METHODS Data were collected through an online survey applied to principals or person in charge of 4023 Mexican HS during the 2015-2016 school year. Adequate PA was defined as moderate to vigorous intensity PA for ≥60 minutes/day, ≥5 days/week, whereas PA-specific spaces were considered those that were available and specifically designed/used for PA. HS demographic factors were explored as covariates. Associations were estimated using a logistic regression model. RESULTS From total participating HS, 83.10% had at least 1 PA-specific space and 31.07% had adequate PA practices. A higher number of PA-specific spaces was associated with greater adequate PA practices (33% to 61%). Possibilities for adequate PA increased when: physical education (PE) classes were led by a designated PE teacher (OR 2.39; 95%CI: 2.03-2.83); the number of enrolled students was higher (OR 1.78; 95%CI, 1.43-2.22 and OR 2.23; 95% CI, 1.71-2.89, second and third tertile, respectively); HS financing sources were autonomous or private (OR 1.76; 95% CI, 1.19-2.60); and HS were located in northern Mexico (OR 1.27; 95%CI, 1.02-1.57). CONCLUSION PA-specific spaces, designated PE teachers, and financing sources are important factors in achieving adequate PA within Mexican high schools.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irving Díaz-Muñoz
- Center for Nutrition and Health Research, National Institute of Public Health of Mexico (Instituto Nacional de Salud Pública, INSP), Cuernavaca, 62100, Mexico
| | - Ana L Lozada-Tequeanes
- Center for Nutrition and Health Research, National Institute of Public Health of Mexico (Instituto Nacional de Salud Pública, INSP), Cuernavaca, 62100, Mexico
| | - Ismael Campos-Nonato
- Center for Nutrition and Health Research, National Institute of Public Health of Mexico (Instituto Nacional de Salud Pública, INSP), Cuernavaca, 62100, Mexico
| | - Bianca S Franco-Lares
- Research Center for Equitable Development (EQUIDE), Universidad Iberoamericana, Prolongación de la Reforma 880, Lomas de Santa Fe, Mexico City, 01219, Mexico
| | - Anabelle Bonvecchio
- Center for Nutrition and Health Research, National Institute of Public Health of Mexico (Instituto Nacional de Salud Pública, INSP), Cuernavaca, 62100, Mexico
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Moving Together to Advance Physical Activity Research in Low- and Middle-Income Countries: The Case of Latin America. J Phys Act Health 2022; 19:589-591. [PMID: 35961642 DOI: 10.1123/jpah.2022-0374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2022] [Accepted: 07/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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Delclòs-Alió X, Rodríguez DA, Medina C, Miranda JJ, Avila-Palencia I, Targa F, Moran MR, Sarmiento OL, Quistberg DA. Walking for transportation in large Latin American cities: walking-only trips and total walking events and their sociodemographic correlates. TRANSPORT REVIEWS 2022; 42:296-317. [PMID: 35431369 PMCID: PMC7612619 DOI: 10.1080/01441647.2021.1966552] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2020] [Accepted: 08/05/2021] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
Walking for transportation is a common and accessible means of achieving recommended physical activity levels, while providing important social and environmental co-benefits. Even though walking in rapidly growing urban areas has become especially challenging given the increasing dependence on motorised transportation, walking remains a major mode of transportation in Latin American cities. In this paper we aimed to quantify self-reported walking for transportation in Mexico City, Bogota, Santiago de Chile, Sao Paulo, and Buenos Aires, by identifying both walking trips that are conducted entirely on foot and walking events involved in trips mainly conducted on other means of transportation (e.g. private vehicle, public transit) among individuals ≥5-years old. We show how walking-only trips account for approximately 30% trips in the analysed cities, and we evidence how the pedestrian dimension of mobility is largely underestimated if walking that is incidental to other transportation modes is not accounted for: when considering all walking events, we observed an increase between 73% and 217% in daily walking time. As a result, we estimated that between 19% and 25% of residents in these cities meet the WHO physical activity guidelines solely from walking for transportation. The results of the study also suggest that the promotion of public transportation in large Latin American cities can especially help certain population groups achieve the daily recommended levels of physical activity, while among low-income groups accessibility and safety seem to be the key challenges to be addressed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xavier Delclòs-Alió
- Institute of Urban and Regional Development, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Daniel A. Rodríguez
- Department of City and Regional Planning & Institute for Transportation Studies, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Catalina Medina
- Center for Nutrition and Health Research, National Institute of Public Health, Cuernavaca, Mexico
| | - J. Jaime Miranda
- CRONICAS Center of Excellence in Chronic Diseases, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Peru
| | | | | | - Mika R. Moran
- Institute of Urban and Regional Development, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | | | - D. Alex Quistberg
- Urban Health Collaborative, Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
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Ferrari G, Werneck AO, Silva DR, Kovalskys I, Gómez G, Rigotti A, Cortés LY, García MCY, Liria-Domínguez MR, Herrera-Cuenca M, Pratt M, Marques A, Van Dyck D, Leme ACB, Fisberg M. Perceived Urban Environment Attributes and Device-Measured Physical Activity in Latin America: An 8-Nation Study. Am J Prev Med 2022; 62:635-645. [PMID: 34810040 DOI: 10.1016/j.amepre.2021.09.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2021] [Revised: 07/21/2021] [Accepted: 09/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Attributes of the neighborhood-built environment are associated with self-reported physical activity, but only a few studies have concentrated on device-measured physical activity in Latin America. This study examines the associations of perceived neighborhood-built environment attributes, device-measured sedentary time, and light-intensity and moderate-to-vigorous physical activity in adults from 8 Latin American countries. METHODS Data from Estudio Latinoamericano de Nutrición y Salud adult study, an observational multicountry study (N=2,478), were analyzed in 2020. Data were collected between 2014 and 2015. Perceived neighborhood-built environment attributes were measured using the Neighbourhood Environment Walkability Survey. Sedentary time, light-intensity physical activity, and moderate-to-vigorous physical activity data were collected using accelerometers. RESULTS No associations between perceived neighborhood-built environment attributes and sedentary time were found. Positive perceptions of walking/cycling facilities (β=6.50, 95% CI=2.12, 10.39) were associated with more light-intensity physical activity. Perceptions of better aesthetics (Argentina) and better walking/cycling facilities (Brazil and Ecuador) were positively associated with light-intensity physical activity. Land use mix-diversity (β=0.14, 95% CI=0.03, 0.25), walking/cycling facilities (β=0.16, 95% CI=0.05, 0.27), aesthetics (β=0.16, 95% CI=0.02, 0.30), and safety from traffic (β=0.18, 95% CI=0.05, 0.24) were positively associated with moderate-to-vigorous physical activity. Land use mix-diversity, street connectivity, and safety from traffic were positively associated with moderate-to-vigorous physical activity in Venezuela. CONCLUSIONS These findings have implications for policy recommendations, which can guide policies to promote physical activity in the region. Land use mix-diversity, walking/cycling facilities, aesthetics, and safety from traffic can maintain or increase the levels of light-intensity and moderate-to-vigorous physical activity among Latin American adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gerson Ferrari
- Escuela de Ciencias de la Actividad Física, el Deporte y la Salud, Universidad de Santiago de Chile (USACH), Santiago, Chile.
| | - André O Werneck
- Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Universidade de São Paulo (USP), São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Danilo R Silva
- Department of Physical Education, Federal University of Sergipe - UFS, São Cristóvão, Brazil
| | - Irina Kovalskys
- Carrera de Nutrición, Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica Argentina, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Georgina Gómez
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Escuela de Medicina, Universidad de Costa Rica, San José, Costa Rica
| | - Attilio Rigotti
- Centro de Nutrición Molecular y Enfermedades Crónicas, Departamento de Nutrición, Diabetes y Metabolismo, Escuela de Medicina, Pontificia Universidad Católica, Santiago, Chile
| | - Lilia Y Cortés
- Departamento de Nutrición y Bioquímica, Pontificia Universidad Javeriana, Bogotá, Colombia
| | | | - Maria R Liria-Domínguez
- Instituto de Investigación Nutricional, Lima, Peru; Faculty of Health Sciences, Universidad Peruana de Ciencias Aplicadas (UPC), Lima, Peru
| | - Marianella Herrera-Cuenca
- Centro de Estudios del Desarrollo, Universidad Central de Venezuela (CENDES-UCV)/Fundación Bengoa, Caracas, Venezuela
| | - Michael Pratt
- Institute for Public Health, University of California San Diego, San Diego, California
| | - Adilson Marques
- CIPER, Faculdade de Motricidade Humana, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal; ISAMB, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Delfien Van Dyck
- Department of Movement and Sports Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Ana Carolina B Leme
- Centro de Excelência em Nutrição e Dificuldades Alimentares (CENDA), Instituto Pensi, Hospital Infantil Sabará, São Paulo, Brazil; Family Relations and Applied Nutrition, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada; Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Mauro Fisberg
- Centro de Excelência em Nutrição e Dificuldades Alimentares (CENDA), Instituto Pensi, Hospital Infantil Sabará, São Paulo, Brazil; Departamento de Pediatria da Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
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Jáuregui A, Argumedo G, Hernández-Alcaraz C, Contreras-Manzano A, Salinas-Rodríguez A, Salvo D. Changes Among Mexican Adults in Physical Activity and Screen Time During the COVID-19 Lockdown Period and Association With Symptoms of Depression, Anxiety, and Stress, May 29-July 31, 2020. Prev Chronic Dis 2022. [PMID: 35324424 PMCID: PMC8992686 DOI: 10.5888/pcd19.210324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction We examined the association between changes in physical activity and leisure screen time and mental health outcomes during the early stages of the recommended COVID-19 stay-at-home period in a national sample of Mexican adults aged 18 years or older. Methods A cross-sectional online survey conducted from May 29 through July 31, 2020, among 1,148 participants, reported time spent in physical activity and leisure screen time during a typical week before (retrospectively) and a week during the COVID-19 stay-at-home period. Mental health outcomes during this period were measured with the Depression, Anxiety and Stress Scale (DASS-21). Linear regression models were used to estimate the associations between changes in physical activity and leisure screen time and mental health outcomes by socioeconomic status (SES), adjusting for potential confounders. Results Compared with maintaining high levels of physical activity or increasing them, decreasing physical activity was associated with higher stress scores overall, and among people of high SES, with higher scores for DASS-21, depression, and anxiety. Among participants of low and medium SES only, increasing screen time was associated with higher DASS-21, depression, anxiety, and stress scores compared with maintaining low or decreasing leisure screen time. Conclusion Results highlight the potential protective effect of physical activity and limited leisure screen time on mental health in the context of COVID-19 stay-at-home restrictions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alejandra Jáuregui
- Department of Physical Activity and Healthy Lifestyles, Center for Nutrition and Health, Cuernavaca, Morelos, Mexico
| | - Gabriela Argumedo
- Department of Physical Activity and Healthy Lifestyles, Center for Nutrition and Health, Cuernavaca, Morelos, Mexico
| | - César Hernández-Alcaraz
- Department of Physical Activity and Healthy Lifestyles, Center for Nutrition and Health, Cuernavaca, Morelos, Mexico.,Department of Physical Activity and Healthy Lifestyles, Center for Nutrition and Health, Avenida Universidad 655, Colonia Santa María Ahuacatitlán, Cuernavaca, Morelos, Mexico.
| | - Alejandra Contreras-Manzano
- Department of Physical Activity and Healthy Lifestyles, Center for Nutrition and Health, Cuernavaca, Morelos, Mexico
| | - Aaron Salinas-Rodríguez
- Center for Evaluation Research and Surveys, National Institute of Public Health, Cuernavaca, Morelos, Mexico
| | - Deborah Salvo
- Prevention Research Center, Brown School, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri
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Jáuregui A, Argumedo G, Hernández-Alcaraz C, Contreras-Manzano A, Salinas-Rodríguez A, Salvo D. Changes Among Mexican Adults in Physical Activity and Screen Time During the COVID-19 Lockdown Period and Association With Symptoms of Depression, Anxiety, and Stress, May 29-July 31, 2020. Prev Chronic Dis 2022; 19:E13. [PMID: 35324424 PMCID: PMC8992686 DOI: 10.5888/pcd18.210324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/27/2024] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION We examined the association between changes in physical activity and leisure screen time and mental health outcomes during the early stages of the recommended COVID-19 stay-at-home period in a national sample of Mexican adults aged 18 years or older. METHODS A cross-sectional online survey conducted from May 29 through July 31, 2020, among 1,148 participants, reported time spent in physical activity and leisure screen time during a typical week before (retrospectively) and a week during the COVID-19 stay-at-home period. Mental health outcomes during this period were measured with the Depression, Anxiety and Stress Scale (DASS-21). Linear regression models were used to estimate the associations between changes in physical activity and leisure screen time and mental health outcomes by socioeconomic status (SES), adjusting for potential confounders. RESULTS Compared with maintaining high levels of physical activity or increasing them, decreasing physical activity was associated with higher stress scores overall, and among people of high SES, with higher scores for DASS-21, depression, and anxiety. Among participants of low and medium SES only, increasing screen time was associated with higher DASS-21, depression, anxiety, and stress scores compared with maintaining low or decreasing leisure screen time. CONCLUSION Results highlight the potential protective effect of physical activity and limited leisure screen time on mental health in the context of COVID-19 stay-at-home restrictions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alejandra Jáuregui
- Department of Physical Activity and Healthy Lifestyles, Center for Nutrition and Health, Cuernavaca, Morelos, Mexico
| | - Gabriela Argumedo
- Department of Physical Activity and Healthy Lifestyles, Center for Nutrition and Health, Cuernavaca, Morelos, Mexico
| | - César Hernández-Alcaraz
- Department of Physical Activity and Healthy Lifestyles, Center for Nutrition and Health, Cuernavaca, Morelos, Mexico
- Department of Physical Activity and Healthy Lifestyles, Center for Nutrition and Health, Avenida Universidad 655, Colonia Santa María Ahuacatitlán, Cuernavaca, Morelos, Mexico.
| | - Alejandra Contreras-Manzano
- Department of Physical Activity and Healthy Lifestyles, Center for Nutrition and Health, Cuernavaca, Morelos, Mexico
| | - Aaron Salinas-Rodríguez
- Center for Evaluation Research and Surveys, National Institute of Public Health, Cuernavaca, Morelos, Mexico
| | - Deborah Salvo
- Prevention Research Center, Brown School, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri
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Wachira LJ, Hayker SO, Larouche R, Oyeyemi AL, Prista A, Owino GE, Tremblay MS, Onywera VO. Physical activity and active transportation behaviour among rural, peri-urban and urban children in Kenya, Mozambique and Nigeria: The PAAT Study. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0262768. [PMID: 35061821 PMCID: PMC8782337 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0262768] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2021] [Accepted: 01/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Physical activity (PA) is associated with numerous health benefits among children and youth. However, few studies have examined how active transportation (AT) and device-based measures of PA vary within and between countries in sub-Saharan Africa. Purpose This cross-sectional study sought to investigate the prevalence and correlates of AT and device-measured PA among children living in urban, peri-urban and rural areas in three African countries representing Eastern, Western and Southern regions of Africa. Methods 3,205 participants (53.3% girls; 46.7% boys) aged 10–12 years were recruited in Kenya, Nigeria and Mozambique. Data were collected using a child questionnaire, a parent/guardian questionnaire and PiezoRx® pedometers. ANCOVA and binary logistic regression analyses were used to examine the correlates of AT and PA while controlling for gender, age, parent education and vehicle ownership. Results Participants accumulated an average of 45.6±23.5 min/day of moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA) and 11,215±4,273 steps/day. Kenyan and Mozambican children were significantly more active than their Nigerian counterparts (p<0.001). Only 23% met the MVPA guidelines of 60 min/day. 65.1% of participants engaged in AT to school (and 67.8% for the trip back home) with no gender differences. Living in a rural area, lower parent education, lower vehicle ownership and higher motorcycle ownership were associated with higher odds of AT. Other correlates of AT were country-specific. Girls accumulated less daily MVPA than boys in all countries. MVPA was positively associated with living in less urbanized areas in Nigeria and Mozambique. In Kenya, lower parental education and AT were associated with higher MVPA. Nigerian children’s daily MVPA decreased with age and the number of parent-perceived barriers to AT. Conclusions Majority of children engaged in AT, but still failed to meet MVPA recommendations. Most correlates of AT and PA were country-specific, suggesting that strategies to encourage both behaviours should be informed by local evidence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucy-Joy Wachira
- Department of Physical Education, Exercise and Sport Science, Kenyatta University, Nairobi Kenya
- * E-mail:
| | - Sylvester O. Hayker
- Department of Hospitality and Leisure Studies, The Technical University of Kenya, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Richard Larouche
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Lethbridge, Lethbridge, Canada
| | - Adewale L. Oyeyemi
- Department of Physiotherapy, University of Maiduguri, Maiduguri, Nigeria
| | - Antonio Prista
- Physical Activity and Health Research Group, Research Centre on Physical Activity and Sports, Universidade Pedagogica, Maputo, Mozambique
| | - George E. Owino
- Department of Sociology, Gender and Development Studies, Kenyatta University, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Mark S. Tremblay
- Healthy Active Living and Obesity Research Group, Children’s Hospital of Eastern Ontario Research Institute, Ottawa, Canada
| | - Vincent O. Onywera
- Department of Physical Education, Exercise and Sport Science, Kenyatta University, Nairobi, Kenya
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Energy Imbalance Gap, Anthropometric Measures, Lifestyle, and Sociodemographic Correlates in Latin American Adults-Results from the ELANS Study. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:ijerph19031129. [PMID: 35162152 PMCID: PMC8835004 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19031129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2021] [Revised: 01/12/2022] [Accepted: 01/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Overweight and obesity are often explained by an imbalance between energy intake and expenditure. This, in addition to metabolic effects, makes it difficult to assess the real state of individual energy balance. This study aims to analyze the energy gaps between intake and expenditure in the adult population of Latin America, as well as its relationships with sociodemographic variables and nutrition status, to draw an epidemiological perspective based on the trends observed. The energy imbalance gap was used to this end. The difference between energy intake and expenditure can be applied as a reference to explain whether weight equilibrium can prevent weight gain. Moreover, the energy imbalance gap allows for a better understanding of the design of public health policies. Using data from the Latin American Study of Nutrition and Health, the energy imbalance gap in adult population from eight Latin-American countries was assessed in 5994 subjects aged from 19-65. Usual dietary intake was measured using two non-consecutive 24 h dietary recalls. The sociodemographic questionnaire was supplemented by anthropometric measurements. Physical activity was measured through the long International Physical Activity Questionnaire. Energy expenditure was obtained using the basal metabolic rate. For the overall sample, the mean energy intake was 1939.1 kcal (95% CI: 1926.9; 1951.3), the mean of energy expenditure was 1915.7 kcal (95% CI: 1906.4; 1924.9), and the mean of energy imbalance gap was 23.4 kcal (95% CI: 11.9; 35.0). Results show that energy intake and expenditure were higher in men. Moreover, subjects aged 19-34, of high socioeconomic level, who completed high school, were mestizos and were of normal weight consumed the highest number of calories. Overall, a positive energy imbalance gap was observed. Overweight and obese from Argentina, Costa Rica, Ecuador, Peru, and Venezuela showed a significantly lower energy imbalance gap than underweight subjects. These findings confirm the high variability of energy imbalance gap and the accompanying correlates of energy intake and expenditure. Further research is needed to specifically address interventions in low and middle-income countries such as many in Latin America, to help reduce the prevalence of obesity and eradicate undernutrition.
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O’Connor Á, King AC, Banchoff A, Eyler A, Reis R, Brownson RC, Resendiz E, Holland D, Salvo D. Harnessing Citizen Science to Assess and Improve Utilization of Metropolitan Parks: the Park Activity, Recreation, and Community Study (PARCS) in St. Louis, MO. JOURNAL OF HEALTHY EATING AND ACTIVE LIVING 2021; 1:198-215. [PMID: 37771562 PMCID: PMC10522010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/30/2023]
Abstract
Access to and use of parks is associated with physical activity participation. Our Voice is a systematic method blending community-based participatory research (CBPR) and citizen science. As part of a comprehensive, mixed-methods study in St. Louis, Missouri (PARCS), we tested the feasibility of the Our Voice method for gathering community input on the barriers to and facilitators of accessibility and use of large metropolitan parks, by describing the implementation of the Our Voice method among recreational and commuter users of a large metropolitan park in St. Louis, MO. Due to challenges posed by COVID-19, the Our Voice methodology was adapted for remote participation. Twenty-three citizen scientists (14 recreational park users and 9 commuters) collected and analyzed geolocated route, photo, and audio or text data on facilitators and barriers to park use and access. They identified 6 priority themes and 12 solution ideas, and presented them to stakeholders. In contrast to previous Our Voice studies, separate user groups (recreation and commuter users) independently prioritized many of the same themes. Adaptation of the Our Voice protocol to virtual practices during COVID-19 revealed positive implications for cost, reach, and scale of studies grounded in CBPR and citizen science. We provide a set of recommended practices for using Our Voice as a method to evaluate and promote equity of access and use of metropolitan parks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Áine O’Connor
- Washington University in St. Louis, Prevention Research Center, Brown School,
USA
| | - Abby C. King
- Stanford University, Stanford Prevention Research Center,
USA
| | - Ann Banchoff
- Stanford University, Stanford Prevention Research Center,
USA
| | - Amy Eyler
- Washington University in St. Louis, Prevention Research Center, Brown School,
USA
| | - Rodrigo Reis
- Washington University in St. Louis, Prevention Research Center, Brown School,
USA
- Pontifical Catholic University, Urban Management, Graduate Program,
Brazil
| | - Ross C. Brownson
- Washington University in St. Louis, Prevention Research Center, Brown School,
USA
- Washington University in St. Louis, School of Medicine, Division of Public Health Sciences, and Alvin J. Siteman Cancer Center, Department of Surgery,
USA
| | - Eugen Resendiz
- Washington University in St. Louis, Prevention Research Center, Brown School,
USA
| | - Derek Holland
- Washington University in St. Louis, Prevention Research Center, Brown School,
USA
| | - Deborah Salvo
- Washington University in St. Louis, Prevention Research Center, Brown School,
USA
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Barreno M, Sisa I, Yépez García MC, Shen H, Villar M, Kovalskys I, Fisberg M, Gomez G, Rigotti A, Cortés LY, Pareja RG, Herrera-Cuenca M, Guajardo V. Association between built environment and physical activity in Latin American countries: a multicentre cross-sectional study. BMJ Open 2021; 11:e046271. [PMID: 34732475 PMCID: PMC8572385 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2020-046271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To assess the association between the physical activity level and the built environment by accessibility, microinfrastructure and security in Latin America (LA). DESIGN We conducted a multicentre cross-sectional study to collect physical activity and built environment data. The levels of physical activity were calculated through the International Physical Activity Questionnaire survey. Using the Neighbourhood Environment Walkability Scale-Abbreviated, characteristics of the built environment were measured through three domains: accessibility, microinfrastructure and security. To estimate the association of the built environment and physical activity, we used mixed effects logistic regression analysis. In addition, likelihood ratio test to account for clustered effect within countries and/or cities was used. SETTING Eight countries in LA. PARTICIPANTS Adults aged 15-65 years (n=9218) living in urban areas and consented to participate of the Latin American Study of Nutrition and Health. RESULTS Most of the population in LA had access to a grocery store (97.2%), public transport stop (91.5%) and children's playground (81.6%). Metropolitan parks were more accessible in Ecuador (59.8%) and Colombia (59.2%) than in Venezuela (33.5%). Individuals located within 20 min of walking from sport facilities or children's playground areas were more likely to perform moderate-to-high physical activity OR 1.20 (95% CI 1.06 to 1.36) and OR 1.25 (95% CI 1.02 to 1.53), respectively. Only 14.5% of the population from the region considered that their neighbourhood had an adequate design for walking or cycling. Likewise, among adults living in LA, only 39.75% had the perception of living in a safe neighbourhood. CONCLUSIONS This multicentre study shows that currently, LA built environment does not promote physical activity in the region. Our findings provide the rationale to push forward, at regional and national levels, policies and interventions that will help to achieve a safe, healthy and friendly built environment to encourage participation in active recreation and sports in leisure time. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER NCT02226627.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mishell Barreno
- Colegio de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad San Francisco de Quito USFQ, Quito, Ecuador
| | - Ivan Sisa
- Colegio de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad San Francisco de Quito USFQ, Quito, Ecuador
| | | | - Hua Shen
- Department of Mathematics and Statistics, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Mónica Villar
- Colegio de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad San Francisco de Quito USFQ, Quito, Ecuador
| | - Irina Kovalskys
- Carrera de Nutrición, Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica Argentina, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Mauro Fisberg
- Instituto Pensi, Fundação José Egydio Setubal, Sabará Hospital Infantil, São Paulo, Brazil
- Departamento de Pediatria, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Georgina Gomez
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Escuela de Medicina, Universidad de Costa Rica, San José, Costa Rica
| | - Attilio Rigotti
- Centro de Nutrición Molecular y Enfermedades Crónicas, Departamento de Nutrición, Diabetes y Metabolismo, Escuela de Medicina, Pontificia Universidad Católica, Santiago, Chile
| | - Lilia Yadira Cortés
- Departamento de Nutrición y Bioquímica, Pontificia Universidad Javeriana, Bogota, Colombia
| | | | - Marianella Herrera-Cuenca
- Centro de Estudios del Desarrollo, Universidad Central de Venezuela (CENDES-UCV)/Fundación Bengoa, Caracas, Venezuela
| | - Viviana Guajardo
- Carrera de Nutrición, Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica Argentina, Buenos Aires, Argentina
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Salvo D, Parra DC, Jáuregui A, Resendiz E, Garcia-Olvera A, Velazquez D, Aguilar-Farias N, Colón-Ramos U, Hino AA, Bill Kohl HW, Pratt M, Varela AR, Ramirez-Zea M, Rivera JA. [Capacidad de investigación en obesidad infantil en Latinoamérica y en las poblaciones latinas de Estados Unidos: estado de la investigación, problemas, oportunidades y líneas de trabajo para el futuro]. Obes Rev 2021; 22 Suppl 5:e13346. [PMID: 34708537 DOI: 10.1111/obr.13346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2021] [Accepted: 02/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Deborah Salvo
- Prevention Research Center, Brown School, Washington University in St. Louis, San Luis, Misuri, EE. UU
| | - Diana C Parra
- Prevention Research Center, Brown School, Washington University in St. Louis, San Luis, Misuri, EE. UU
| | - Alejandra Jáuregui
- Departamento de Actividad Física y Estilos de Vida Saludables, Centro de Investigación en Nutrición y Salud, Instituto Nacional de Salud Pública, Cuernavaca, México
| | - Eugen Resendiz
- Prevention Research Center, Brown School, Washington University in St. Louis, San Luis, Misuri, EE. UU
| | - Armando Garcia-Olvera
- Departamento de Actividad Física y Estilos de Vida Saludables, Centro de Investigación en Nutrición y Salud, Instituto Nacional de Salud Pública, Cuernavaca, México
| | - Daniel Velazquez
- Departamento de Actividad Física y Estilos de Vida Saludables, Centro de Investigación en Nutrición y Salud, Instituto Nacional de Salud Pública, Cuernavaca, México
| | - Nicolas Aguilar-Farias
- Departamento de Educación Física, Deportes y Recreación, Grupo de investigación UFRO Actívate, Universidad de la Frontera, Temuco, Chile
| | - Uriyoán Colón-Ramos
- Department of Global Health, Milken Institute School of Public Health, George Washington University, Washington D.C., EE. UU
| | - Adriano A Hino
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Tecnologia em Saúde, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Paraná, Curitiba, Brasil
| | - Harold W Bill Kohl
- School of Public Health in Austin, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston (UTHealth), Austin, Texas, EE. UU
| | - Michael Pratt
- Herbert Wertheim School of Public Health & Human Longevity Science, University of California, San Diego, California, EE. UU
| | | | - Manuel Ramirez-Zea
- Centro de Investigación del INCAP para la Prevención de las Enfermedades Crónicas, Instituto de Nutrición de Centro América y Panamá, Ciudad de Guatemala, Guatemala
| | - Juan A Rivera
- Centro de Investigación en Nutrición y Salud, Instituto Nacional de Salud Pública, Cuernavaca, México
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21
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Prevalence and Correlates of Active Transportation to School Among Colombian Children and Adolescents. J Phys Act Health 2021; 18:1299-1309. [PMID: 34433698 DOI: 10.1123/jpah.2021-0115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2021] [Revised: 06/12/2021] [Accepted: 06/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In Colombia, active transportation has been assessed in multiple local and regional studies, but national data on active transportation are scarce. This study aims to describe the prevalence and factors associated with active transportation to/from school among Colombian children and adolescents. METHODS The authors analyzed nationally representative data from the National Survey of Nutrition 2015, with a sample of 11,466 children and adolescents aged between 3 and 17 years. Descriptive statistics were calculated, and prevalence ratios were estimated using Poisson regression multivariable models with robust variance. RESULTS Approximately 70% of Colombian children and adolescents reported engaging in active transportation to/from school over the last week. There were no differences by sex among preschoolers nor school-aged children. Fewer adolescent females than males used active transportation. Preschoolers and school-aged children living in Bogota were more likely to report active transport than children from other regions (prevalence ratios for other regions ranged from 0.59 to 0.86). School-aged children and adolescents with a lower wealth index were more likely to use active transportation than their counterparts (prevalence ratios = 1.32 and 1.22, respectively). CONCLUSIONS The wealthiest children and adolescents, adolescents from rural areas, and female adolescents should be a focus for future interventions. Actions need to be implemented to improve the involvement in active transportation to/from school in Colombia.
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Jáuregui A, Lambert EV, Panter J, Moore C, Salvo D. Scaling up urban infrastructure for physical activity in the COVID-19 pandemic and beyond. Lancet 2021; 398:370-372. [PMID: 34302763 DOI: 10.1016/s0140-6736(21)01599-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2021] [Accepted: 07/06/2021] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Alejandra Jáuregui
- Department of Physical Activity and Healthy Lifestyles, Center for Health and Nutrition Research, Instituto Nacional de Salud Pública, Santa María Ahuacatitlán, Cuernavaca, México 62100, México.
| | - Estelle Victoria Lambert
- Health through Physical Activity Lifestyle and Sport Research Centre, FIMS International Collaborating Centre of Sports Medicine, Department of Human Biology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Newlands, South Africa
| | - Jenna Panter
- MRC Epidemiology Unit and Centre for Diet and Activity Research, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Cambridge, UK
| | - Clover Moore
- City of Sydney, Sydney Town Hall, Sydney NSW, Australia
| | - Deborah Salvo
- Prevention Research Center, Brown School, Washington University in St Louis, St Louis, MO, USA
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23
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Rubio MA, Triana C, King AC, Rosas LG, Banchoff AW, Rubiano O, Chrisinger BW, Sarmiento OL. Engaging citizen scientists to build healthy park environments in Colombia. Health Promot Int 2021; 36:223-234. [PMID: 32361761 DOI: 10.1093/heapro/daaa031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Colombia's Recreovía program offers community-based free physical activity (PA) classes in parks. We evaluated built and social environmental factors influencing Recreovía local park environments, and facilitated a consensus-building and advocacy process among community members, policymakers and academic researchers aimed at improving uptake and impact of the Recreovía program. We used a mixed-methods approach, with individual and contextual PA measurements and a resident-enabled participatory approach (the Our Voice citizen science engagement model). Recreovía participants were likely to be women meeting PA recommendations, and highly satisfied with the Recreovía classes. Reported facilitators of the Recreovía included its role in enhancing social and individual well-being through PA classes. Reported barriers to usage were related to park maintenance, cleanliness and safety. The Our Voice process elicited community reflection, empowerment, advocacy and action. Our Voice facilitated the interplay among stakeholders and community members to optimize the Recreovía program as a facilitator of active living, and to make park environments more welcoming.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Camilo Triana
- School of Medicine, Universidad de los Andes, Carrera 1 n°18ª-12 Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Abby C King
- Department of Epidemiology and Population Health, Stanford University School Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA.,Stanford Prevention Research Center, Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Lisa G Rosas
- Department of Epidemiology and Population Health, Stanford University School Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA.,Division of Primary Care and Population Health, Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Ann W Banchoff
- Stanford Prevention Research Center, Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Oscar Rubiano
- Recreovía Program Coordination, Institute of Recreation and Sports, Calle 63 n°59A-0, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Benjamin W Chrisinger
- Department of Social Policy and Intervention, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX1 2ER, UK
| | - Olga L Sarmiento
- School of Medicine, Universidad de los Andes, Carrera 1 n°18ª-12 Bogotá, Colombia
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Salvo D, Parra DC, Jáuregui A, Reséndiz E, Garcia-Olvera A, Velazquez D, Aguilar-Farias N, Colón-Ramos U, Hino AA, Kohl HWB, Pratt M, Ramirez Varela A, Ramirez-Zea M, Rivera JA. Capacity for childhood obesity research in Latin American and US Latino populations: State of the field, challenges, opportunities, and future directions. Obes Rev 2021; 22 Suppl 3:e13244. [PMID: 33825321 PMCID: PMC8365746 DOI: 10.1111/obr.13244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2021] [Accepted: 02/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Childhood obesity is a major problem in Latin America and among US Latinos. Effective public health policies require contextually relevant evidence to guide them, which demands sustained research capacity. The objectives of this study are to determine research productivity in Latin America and in the United States focused on Latino populations and examine domains of research capacity (research infrastructure, training programs, mentoring, funding, and networks). We conducted a scoping review of indexed childhood obesity-related articles published June 2015-December 2019. We collected data on perceptions of capacity for childhood obesity research among Latin American investigators through an online survey. We identified 612 childhood obesity-related articles (505 from Latin America, 124 from the United States, and 17 US-Latin America collaborations). Brazil, Mexico, Chile, Colombia, and the United States are the top publishing countries. There are similar numbers of obesity, nutrition, and physical activity articles, but physical activity research capacity lagged in other domains (research training, funding, and networking opportunities). Complementary research areas, including sedentary behavior, systems science, and policy studies, are uncommon in Latin America but more prevalent in the United States, whereas sleep research is nascent across settings. Realizing the promise of an effective cross-border collaborative childhood obesity prevention agenda will require committed investment in all domains of research capacity and across all relevant topics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deborah Salvo
- Prevention Research Center, Brown School, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Diana C Parra
- Prevention Research Center, Brown School, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Alejandra Jáuregui
- Department of Physical Activity and Healthy Lifestyles, Center for Nutrition and Health Research, National Institute of Public Health, Cuernavaca, Mexico
| | - Eugen Reséndiz
- Prevention Research Center, Brown School, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Armando Garcia-Olvera
- Department of Physical Activity and Healthy Lifestyles, Center for Nutrition and Health Research, National Institute of Public Health, Cuernavaca, Mexico
| | - Daniel Velazquez
- Department of Physical Activity and Healthy Lifestyles, Center for Nutrition and Health Research, National Institute of Public Health, Cuernavaca, Mexico
| | - Nicolas Aguilar-Farias
- Department of Physical Education, Sports and Recreation, UFRO Activate Research Group, University of the Frontier, Temuco, Chile
| | - Uriyoán Colón-Ramos
- Department of Global Health, Milken Institute School of Public Health, George Washington University, Washington, District of Columbia, USA
| | - Adriano A Hino
- Health Technology Graduate Program, Pontifical Catholic University of Parana, Curitiba, Brazil
| | - Harold W Bill Kohl
- School of Public Health in Austin, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston (UTHealth), Austin, Texas, USA
| | - Michael Pratt
- Herbert Wertheim School of Public Health & Human Longevity Science, University of California, San Diego, California, USA
| | | | - Manuel Ramirez-Zea
- INCAP Research Center for Prevention of Chronic Diseases, Institute of Nutrition of Central America and Panama, Guatemala City, Guatemala
| | - Juan A Rivera
- Center for Research in Nutrition and Health, National Institute of Public Health, Cuernavaca, Mexico
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The relationship between walk score® and perceived walkability in ultrahigh density areas. Prev Med Rep 2021; 23:101393. [PMID: 34123713 PMCID: PMC8173305 DOI: 10.1016/j.pmedr.2021.101393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2021] [Revised: 04/04/2021] [Accepted: 04/30/2021] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Walk Score® was positively correlated with several perceived walkable environmental attributes. There was a large correlation between Walk Score® and access to shops. There was a medium correlation between Walk Score® and overall perceived walkability.
Walk Score® is a free web-based tool that provides a walkability score for any given location. A limited number of North American studies have found associations between Walk Score® and perceived built environment attributes, yet it remains unknown whether similar associations exist in Asian countries. The study’s objective is to examine the covariate-adjusted correlations between the Walk Score® metric and measures of the perceived built environment in ultrahigh density areas of Japan. Cross-sectional data were obtained from a randomly selected sample of adult residents living in two Japanese urban localities. There was a large correlation between Walk Score® and access to shops (0.58; p < 0.001). There were medium correlations between Walk Score® and population density (0.38; p < 0.001), access to public transport (0.34; p < 0.001), presence of sidewalks (0.41; p < 0.001), and access to recreational facilities (0.37; p < 0.001), and there was a small correlation between Walk Score® and presence of bike lanes (0.16; p < 0.001). There was a small negative correlation between Walk Score® and traffic safety (-0.13; p < 0.001). There was a medium correlation between Walk Score® and overall perceived walkability (0.48; p < 0.001). This study's findings highlight that Walk Score® was correlated with several perceived walkable environment attributes in the context of ultrahigh density areas in Asia.
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Ferrari G, Marques A, Barreira TV, Kovalskys I, Gómez G, Rigotti A, Cortés LY, García MCY, Pareja RG, Herrera-Cuenca M, Guajardo V, Leme ACB, Guzmán Habinger J, Valdivia-Moral P, Suárez-Reyes M, Ihle A, Gouveia ER, Fisberg M. Accelerometer-Measured Daily Step Counts and Adiposity Indicators among Latin American Adults: A Multi-Country Study. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:ijerph18094641. [PMID: 33925513 PMCID: PMC8123766 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18094641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2021] [Revised: 04/20/2021] [Accepted: 04/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to examine the sex-related associations between accelerometer-measured daily step counts and adiposity indicators in adults from eight Latin American countries. We analyzed data from 2524 adults (aged 18–65 years) from the Latin American Study of Nutrition and Health. Device-measured daily step counts were measured by accelerometers (ActiGraph GT3X). The outcomes were body mass index (BMI; (kg/m2), waist and neck circumference (in cm). Overall, the mean of daily steps counts, BMI, waist and neck circumference were 10699.8, 27.3, 89.6, and 35.8. Weak and negative associations were observed between daily steps counts and BMI (r = −0.17; p < 0.05) and waist circumference (r = −0.16; p < 0.05); however, step counts was not associated with neck circumference. Daily steps counts were negatively associated with BMI (β: −0.054; 95%CI: −0.077; −0.012) and waist circumference (−0.098; −0.165; −0.030) independently of age and socioeconomic level. In men, there were significant negative associations between daily steps counts with BMI (−0.075; −0.119; −0.031) and waist circumference (−0.140; −0.233; −0.048), and in women, there was no significant association with either of the body composition indicators. The findings from this study need to be examined in prospective settings that use device-measured from Latin America.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gerson Ferrari
- Escuela de Ciencias de la Actividad Física, el Deporte y la Salud, Universidad de Santiago de Chile (USACH), Santiago 7500618, Chile; (G.F.); (M.S.-R.)
| | - Adilson Marques
- CIPER, Faculdade de Motricidade Humana, Universidade de Lisboa, 1499-002 Lisbon, Portugal;
- ISAMB, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, 1649-028 Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Tiago V. Barreira
- Department of Exercise Science, School of Education, University of Syracuse, Syracuse, NY 13210, USA;
| | - Irina Kovalskys
- Carrera de Nutrición, Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica Argentina, Buenos Aires C1107AAZ, Argentina;
| | - Georgina Gómez
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Escuela de Medicina, Universidad de Costa Rica, San José 11501-2060, Costa Rica;
| | - Attilio Rigotti
- Centro de Nutrición Molecular y Enfermedades Crónicas, Departamento de Nutrición, Diabetes y Metabolismo, Escuela de Medicina, Pontificia Universidad Católica, Santiago 8330024, Chile;
| | - Lilia Yadira Cortés
- Departamento de Nutrición y Bioquímica, Pontificia Universidad Javeriana, Bogotá 110231, Colombia;
| | | | | | - Marianella Herrera-Cuenca
- Centro de Estudios del Desarrollo, Universidad Central de Venezuela (CENDES-UCV)/Fundación Bengoa, Caracas 1053, Venezuela;
| | - Viviana Guajardo
- Nutrition, Health and Wellbeing Area, International Life Science Institute (ILSI) Argentina, Santa Fe Av. 1145, Caba C1059ABF, Argentina;
| | - Ana Carolina B. Leme
- Centro de Excelencia em Nutrição e Dificuldades Alimentaes (CENDA), Instituto Pensi, Fundação José Luiz Egydio Setubal, Hospital Infantil Sabará, São Paulo 01228-200, Brazil; (A.C.B.L.); (M.F.)
- Family Relations and Applied Nutrition, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada
- Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, University of São Paulo, São Paulo 01246-904, Brazil
| | - Juan Guzmán Habinger
- Sports Medicine and Physical Activity Specialty, Science Faculty, Universidad Mayor, Santiago 8580745, Chile;
| | - Pedro Valdivia-Moral
- Faculty of Science Education, Campus de Cartuja, University of Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +34-958242829
| | - Mónica Suárez-Reyes
- Escuela de Ciencias de la Actividad Física, el Deporte y la Salud, Universidad de Santiago de Chile (USACH), Santiago 7500618, Chile; (G.F.); (M.S.-R.)
| | - Andreas Ihle
- Center for the Interdisciplinary Study of Gerontology and Vulnerability, University of Geneva, 1205 Geneva, Switzerland;
- Swiss National Centre of Competence in Research LIVES—Overcoming Vulnerability: Life Course Perspectives, Lausanne and Geneva, 1022 Chavannes-près-Renens, Switzerland
- Department of Psychology, University of Geneva, 1205 Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Elvio R. Gouveia
- Departamento de Educação Física e Desporto, Universidade da Madeira, 9020-105 Funchal, Portugal;
- Interactive Technologies Institute, LARSyS, 9020-105 Funchal, Portugal
| | - Mauro Fisberg
- Centro de Excelencia em Nutrição e Dificuldades Alimentaes (CENDA), Instituto Pensi, Fundação José Luiz Egydio Setubal, Hospital Infantil Sabará, São Paulo 01228-200, Brazil; (A.C.B.L.); (M.F.)
- Departamento de Pediatria, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo 04023-061, Brazil
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Dopp EVDO, Nascimento WG, Goulardins GS, Kokubun E, Nakamura PM. Public spaces leisure in Rio Claro - SP (Brazil): quality, distribution, and social vulnerability. MOTRIZ: REVISTA DE EDUCACAO FISICA 2021. [DOI: 10.1590/s1980-65742021022320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Eduardo Kokubun
- Universidade Estadual Paulista “Júlio de Mesquita Filho”, Brazil
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Herrera-Cuenca M, Previdelli AN, Koletzko B, Hernandez P, Landaeta-Jimenez M, Sifontes Y, Gómez G, Kovalskys I, García MCY, Pareja R, Cortés LY, Rigotti A, Fisberg M. Childbearing Age Women Characteristics in Latin America. Building Evidence Bases for Early Prevention. Results from the ELANS Study. Nutrients 2020; 13:E45. [PMID: 33375712 PMCID: PMC7824015 DOI: 10.3390/nu13010045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2020] [Revised: 12/18/2020] [Accepted: 12/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Latin American (LA) women have been exposed to demographic and epidemiologic changes that have transformed their lifestyle, with increasing sedentary and unhealthy eating behaviors. We aimed to identify characteristics of LA women to inform public policies that would benefit these women and their future children. The Latin American Study of Nutrition and Health (ELANS) is a multicenter cross-sectional study of representative samples in eight Latin American countries (n = 9218) with a standardized protocol to investigate dietary intake, anthropometric variables, physical activity, and socioeconomic characteristics. Here we included the subsample of all 3254 women of childbearing age (15 to <45 years). The majority of ELANS women had a low socioeconomic status (53.5%), had a basic education level (56.4%), had a mostly sedentary lifestyle (61.1%), and were overweight or obese (58.7%). According to the logistic multiple regression model, living in Peru and Ecuador predicts twice the risk of being obese, and an increased neck circumference is associated with a 12-fold increased obesity risk. An increased obesity risk was also predicted by age <19 years (Relative Risk (RR) 19.8) and adequate consumption of vitamin D (RR 2.12) and iron (RR 1.3). In conclusion, the identification of these risk predictors of obesity among Latin American women may facilitate targeted prevention strategies focusing on high-risk groups to promote the long-term health of women and their children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marianella Herrera-Cuenca
- Center for Development Studies, Central University of Venezuela (CENDES-UCV), Caracas 1050, Venezuela
- Bengoa Foundation for Food and Nutrition, Caracas 1071, Venezuela; (M.L.-J.); (Y.S.)
| | | | - Berthold Koletzko
- Departamento Paediatrics, Division Metabolic and Nutritional Medicine, Dr. von Hauner Children’s Hospital, LMU University of Munich, D-80377 Munich, Germany;
| | - Pablo Hernandez
- School of Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Medicine, Central University of Venezuela, Caracas 1041-A, Venezuela;
| | | | - Yaritza Sifontes
- Bengoa Foundation for Food and Nutrition, Caracas 1071, Venezuela; (M.L.-J.); (Y.S.)
- School of Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Medicine, Central University of Venezuela, Caracas 1041-A, Venezuela;
| | - Georgina Gómez
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, University of Costa Rica, San José 11501-2060, Costa Rica;
| | - Irina Kovalskys
- Faculty of Medicine, The Pontifical Catholic University of Argentina, Buenos Aires C1107AAZ, Argentina;
| | | | - Rossina Pareja
- Nutrition Research Institute, La Molina, Lima 15026, Peru;
| | - Lilia Yadira Cortés
- Department of Nutrition and Biochemistry, Pontificia Universidad Javeriana, Bogotá 110111, Colombia;
| | - Attilio Rigotti
- Department of Nutrition, Diabetes and Metabolism, School of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Católica, Santiago 833-0024, Chile;
| | - Mauro Fisberg
- Instituto Pensi, José Egydio Setubal Foundation, Sabará Children’s Hospital, São Paulo 01239-040, Brazil
- Department of Pediatrics, Paulista School of Medicine, Federal University of São Paulo, São Paulo 04023-062, Brazil
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Werneck AO, Sadarangani KP, Ramírez-Vélez R, Baldew SS, Gomes TN, Ferrari G, Szwarcwald CL, Miranda JJ, Silva DR. Macroeconomic, demographic and human developmental correlates of physical activity and sitting time among South American adults. Int J Behav Nutr Phys Act 2020; 17:163. [PMID: 33317548 PMCID: PMC7737374 DOI: 10.1186/s12966-020-01068-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2020] [Accepted: 12/03/2020] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Our aim was to investigate the association of macroeconomic, human development, and demographic factors with different domains of physical activity and sitting time among South American adults. METHODS We used data from nationally representative samples in Argentina (n = 26,932), Brazil (n = 52,490), Chile (n = 3866), Colombia (n = 14,208), Ecuador (n = 19,883), Peru (n = 8820), and Uruguay (n = 2403). Our outcomes included leisure time (≥150 min/week), transport (≥10 min/week), occupational (≥10 min/week), and total (≥150 min/week) physical activity, as well as sitting time (≥4 h/day), which were collected through self-reported questionnaires. As exposures, gross domestic product, total population, population density, and human development index indicators from the most updated national census of each country were used. Age and education were used as covariates. Multilevel logistic regressions with harmonized random effect meta-analyses were conducted, comparing highest vs. lowest (reference) tertiles. RESULTS Higher odds for transport physical activity were observed among the highest tertiles of total population (ORmen: 1.41; 95% CI: 1.23-1.62), ORwomen: 1.51; 95% CI:1.32-1.73), population density (ORmen: 1.36; 95% CI: 1.18-1.57, ORwomen: 1.49; 95% CI: 1.30-1.70), and gross domestic product (ORmen: 1.16; 95% CI: 1.00-1.35, ORwomen: 1.39; 95% CI: 1.20-1.61). For leisure physical activity, women living in departments with higher human development index presented 18% higher odds for being active, and for total physical activity a similar estimate in both sexes was observed among those who live in more populated areas. No consistent associations were found for occupational physical activity and sitting time. CONCLUSION Macroeconomic, demographic and human development indicators are associated with different domains of physical activity in the South American context, which can in turn guide policies to promote physical activity in the region.
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Affiliation(s)
- André O Werneck
- Center for Epidemiological Research in Nutrition and Health, Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Universidade de São Paulo (USP), Av. Dr. Arnaldo, 715 - Cerqueira César, São Paulo, SP, 01246-904, Brazil.
| | - Kabir P Sadarangani
- Escuela de Kinesiología, Universidad Autónoma de Chile, Santiago, Chile
- Escuela de Kinesiología, Facultad de Salud y Odontología, Universidad Diego Portales, Santiago, Chile
| | - Robinson Ramírez-Vélez
- Department of Health Sciences, Public University of Navarra, Navarrabiomed-Biomedical Research Centre, IDISNA-Navarra's Health Research Institute, Complejo Hospitalario de Navarra, C/irunlarrea 3, 31,008, 31008, Pamplona, Navarra, Spain
| | - Se-Sergio Baldew
- Department of Physical Therapy, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Anton de Kom University of Suriname, Paramaribo, Suriname
| | - Thayse N Gomes
- Department of Physical Education, Federal University of Sergipe - UFS, São Cristóvão, Brazil
| | - Gerson Ferrari
- Laboratorio de Ciencias de la Actividad Física, el Deporte y la Salud, Universidad de Santiago de Chile, USACH, Santiago, Chile
| | | | - J Jaime Miranda
- CRONICAS Centre of Excellence in Chronic Diseases, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Peru
- School of Medicine, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Peru
| | - Danilo R Silva
- Department of Physical Education, Federal University of Sergipe - UFS, São Cristóvão, Brazil
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Ferrari G, Werneck AO, da Silva DR, Kovalskys I, Gómez G, Rigotti A, Sanabria LYC, García MY, Pareja RG, Herrera-Cuenca M, Zimberg IZ, Guajardo V, Pratt M, Cristi-Montero C, Rodríguez-Rodríguez F, Marques A, Cerin E, Van Dyck D, Pires C, Fisberg M. Is the perceived neighborhood built environment associated with domain-specific physical activity in Latin American adults? An eight-country observational study. Int J Behav Nutr Phys Act 2020; 17:125. [PMID: 33004078 PMCID: PMC7528583 DOI: 10.1186/s12966-020-01030-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2020] [Accepted: 09/24/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Characteristics of the neighborhood built environment are associated with physical activity (PA). However, few studies with representative samples have examined environmental correlates of domain-specific PA in Latin America. We examined the associations of the perceived neighborhood built environment with domain-specific PA in a large sample of adults from eight Latin American countries. Methods This study examined data from 8185 adults (aged 18–65 years) from eight Latin American countries. The Neighbourhood Environment Walkability Survey - Abbreviated (NEWS-A) scale was used to assess perceptions of land use mix–diversity, land use mix-access, street connectivity, walking/cycling facilities, aesthetics, safety from traffic, and safety from crime. Perceived proximity from home to public open spaces (metropolitan parks, playgrounds, public squares) and to shopping centers was also measured. Transport-related and leisure-time PA were assessed using the long form of the International Physical Activity Questionnaire. Both logistic and linear regression models were estimated on pooled data. Results Perceptions of higher land use mix-access (OR: 1.40; 95% CI: 1.22,1.61), the existence of many alternative routes in the neighbourhood (1.12; 1.04,1.20), slow speed of traffic (1.19; 1.03,1.35) and few drivers exceeding the speed limits (1.09; 1.03,1.15) were associated with greater odds of reporting at least 10 min/week of transport-related PA. Perceptions of higher levels of land use mix-diversity, better aesthetics and greater safety from crime, the presence of crosswalks and pedestrian signals, and greater proximity of shopping centers were associated with more min/week of transport-related PA. Perceptions of higher land use mix-diversity (1.12; 1.05,1.20), higher land use mix-access (1.27; 1.13,1.43), more walking/cycling facilities (1.18; 1.09,1.28), and better aesthetics (1.10; 1.02,1.18) were associated with greater odds of engaging in at least 10 min/week of leisure-time PA versus none. Perceptions of higher land use mix-diversity were associated with more min/week of leisure PA. Conclusions Different perceived neighborhood built environment characteristics were associated with domain-specific PA among adults from Latin America countries. Interventions designed to modify perceptions of the neighbourhood built environment might influence initiation or maintenance of domain-specific PA. Trial registration ClinicalTrials. Gov NCT02226627. Retrospectively registered on August 27, 2014.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gerson Ferrari
- Laboratorio de Ciencias de la Actividad Física, el Deporte y la Salud, Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Universidad de Santiago de Chile, USACH, Las Sophoras 175, Estación Central, Santiago, Chile.
| | - André Oliveira Werneck
- Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Universidade de São Paulo (USP), São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Irina Kovalskys
- Carrera de Nutrición, Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica Argentina, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Georgina Gómez
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Escuela de Medicina, Universidad de Costa Rica, San José, Costa Rica
| | - Attilio Rigotti
- Centro de Nutrición Molecular y Enfermedades Crónicas, Departamento de Nutrición, Diabetes y Metabolismo, Escuela de Medicina, Pontificia Universidad Católica, Santiago, Chile
| | | | - Martha Yépez García
- Colégio de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad San Francisco de Quito, Quito, Ecuador
| | | | - Marianella Herrera-Cuenca
- Centro de Estudios del Desarrollo, Universidad Central de Venezuela (CENDES-UCV)/Fundación Bengoa, Caracas, Venezuela
| | - Ioná Zalcman Zimberg
- Departamento de Psicobiologia, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Viviana Guajardo
- Carrera de Nutrición, Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica Argentina, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Michael Pratt
- Institute for Public Health, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Carlos Cristi-Montero
- IRyS Group, Physical Education School, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Valparaíso, Valparaíso, Chile
| | | | - Adilson Marques
- CIPER, Faculdade de Motricidade Humana Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal.,ISAMB, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Ester Cerin
- Mary MacKillop Institute for Health Research, Australian Catholic University, Melbourne, Australia.,School of Public Health, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong, SAR, China
| | - Delfien Van Dyck
- Department of Movement and Sports Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Carlos Pires
- Center for Research in Neuropsychology and Cognitive and Behavioral Intervention (CINEICC), Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Mauro Fisberg
- Instituto Pensi, Fundação José Luiz Egydio Setubal, Hospital Infantil Sabará, São Paulo, Brazil.,Departamento de Pediatria da Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
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Active Transportation and Obesity Indicators in Adults from Latin America: ELANS Multi-Country Study. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2020; 17:ijerph17196974. [PMID: 32987637 PMCID: PMC7579005 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17196974] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2020] [Revised: 09/19/2020] [Accepted: 09/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The aim of this study was to determine the association between active transportation and obesity indicators in adults from eight Latin American countries. METHODS Data from the ELANS study, an observational multi-country study (n: 8336; 18-65 years), were used. Active transportation (walking and cycling) and leisure time physical activity was assessed using the International Physical Activity Questionnaire (long version). The obesity indicators considered were: body mass index, and waist and neck circumference. RESULTS In the total sample, the average time dedicated to active transportation was 24.3 min/day, with the highest amount of active transportation being Costa Rica (33.5 min/day), and the lowest being Venezuela (15.7 min/day). The countries with the highest proportion of active transportation were Ecuador (71.9%), and the lowest was Venezuela (40.5%). Results from linear regression analyses suggest that active transportation was significantly and independently associated with a lower body mass index (β: -0.033; 95% CI: -0.064; -0.002), but not with waist circumference (β: -0.037; 95% CI: -1.126; 0.390 and neck circumference (β: -0.007; 95% CI: -0.269; 0.130). CONCLUSIONS Active transportation is significantly associated with a lower body mass index. Governments should incentivize this type of transportation as it could help to reduce the obesity pandemic in Latin America.
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Availability of public open space and the practice of leisure-time physical activity among the Brazilian adult population. Int J Public Health 2020; 65:1467-1476. [PMID: 32918552 DOI: 10.1007/s00038-020-01476-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2020] [Revised: 08/26/2020] [Accepted: 08/31/2020] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To analyze the perceived availability of public open space (POS) in the neighborhood for physical activity (PA) over the years and its association to practice of leisure-time physical activity (LTPA) among Brazilian adult population. METHODS Data from the surveillance system of risk and protection factors for chronic diseases by telephone survey (Vigitel) from 2011 to 2015 were analyzed (n = 247,548). Prais-Winsten regression was used to investigate the trend of the perceived availability of POS, and Poisson regression to analyze its association to the LTPA. RESULTS The perceived availability of POS in the neighborhood for PA remained fairly stable, from 73.4% in 2011 to 74.0% in 2015. The perception of this availability positively associated with the sufficient practice of LTPA (≥ 150 min/week) (RP = 1.27; p < 0.05), and with the practice of different types, weekly frequency and daily duration of the activities. CONCLUSIONS In addition to the building and maintenance of POS, the proximity and physical accessibility of the population must be guaranteed, so that those spaces are perceived as a favorable environment for the practice of LTPA.
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González SA, Aubert S, Barnes JD, Larouche R, Tremblay MS. Profiles of Active Transportation among Children and Adolescents in the Global Matrix 3.0 Initiative: A 49-Country Comparison. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2020; 17:E5997. [PMID: 32824793 PMCID: PMC7460170 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17165997] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2020] [Revised: 08/02/2020] [Accepted: 08/14/2020] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
This article aims to compare the prevalence of active transportation among children and adolescents from 49 countries at different levels of development. The data was extracted from the Report Cards on Physical Activity for Children and Youth from the 49 countries that participated in the Global Matrix 3.0 initiative. Descriptive statistics and a latent profile analysis with active transportation, Human Development Index and Gini index as latent variables were conducted. The global average grade was a "C", indicating that countries are succeeding with about half of children and youth (47-53%). There is wide variability in the prevalence and in the definition of active transportation globally. Three different profiles of countries were identified based on active transportation grades, Human Development Index (HDI) and income inequalities. The first profile grouped very high HDI countries with low prevalence of active transport and low inequalities. The second profile grouped low and middle HDI countries with high prevalence of active transportation and higher inequalities. And the third profile was characterized by the relatively high prevalence of active transportation and more variability in the socioeconomic variables. Promising policies from countries under each profile were identified. A unified definition of active transportation and contextualized methods for its assessment are needed to advance in surveillance and practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvia A. González
- Healthy Active Living and Obesity Research Group, Children’s Hospital of Eastern Ontario Research Institute, Ottawa, ON K1H 8L1, Canada; (S.A.); (J.D.B.); (R.L.); (M.S.T.)
- School of Epidemiology and Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON K1G 5Z3, Canada
| | - Salomé Aubert
- Healthy Active Living and Obesity Research Group, Children’s Hospital of Eastern Ontario Research Institute, Ottawa, ON K1H 8L1, Canada; (S.A.); (J.D.B.); (R.L.); (M.S.T.)
| | - Joel D. Barnes
- Healthy Active Living and Obesity Research Group, Children’s Hospital of Eastern Ontario Research Institute, Ottawa, ON K1H 8L1, Canada; (S.A.); (J.D.B.); (R.L.); (M.S.T.)
| | - Richard Larouche
- Healthy Active Living and Obesity Research Group, Children’s Hospital of Eastern Ontario Research Institute, Ottawa, ON K1H 8L1, Canada; (S.A.); (J.D.B.); (R.L.); (M.S.T.)
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Lethbridge, 4401 University Drive, Lethbridge, AB T1K 3M4, Canada
| | - Mark S. Tremblay
- Healthy Active Living and Obesity Research Group, Children’s Hospital of Eastern Ontario Research Institute, Ottawa, ON K1H 8L1, Canada; (S.A.); (J.D.B.); (R.L.); (M.S.T.)
- School of Epidemiology and Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON K1G 5Z3, Canada
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Sallis JF, Adlakha D, Oyeyemi A, Salvo D. An international physical activity and public health research agenda to inform coronavirus disease-2019 policies and practices. JOURNAL OF SPORT AND HEALTH SCIENCE 2020; 9:328-334. [PMID: 32450160 PMCID: PMC7243764 DOI: 10.1016/j.jshs.2020.05.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 139] [Impact Index Per Article: 34.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2020] [Revised: 05/12/2020] [Accepted: 05/15/2020] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- James F Sallis
- Department of Family and Preventive Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA; Mary Mackillop Institute for Health Research, Australian Catholic University, Melbourne 3000, Australia.
| | - Deepti Adlakha
- School of Natural and Built Environment, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast BT9 5AG, UK
| | - Adewale Oyeyemi
- Department of Physiotherapy, College of Medical Sciences, University of Maiduguri, Maiduguri 600243, Nigeria
| | - Deborah Salvo
- Prevention Research Center, Brown School, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63130, USA
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González SA, Sarmiento OL, Lemoine PD, Larouche R, Meisel JD, Tremblay MS, Naranjo M, Broyles ST, Fogelholm M, Holguin GA, Lambert EV, Katzmarzyk PT. Active School Transport among Children from Canada, Colombia, Finland, South Africa, and the United States: A Tale of Two Journeys. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2020; 17:ijerph17113847. [PMID: 32481728 PMCID: PMC7312928 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17113847] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2020] [Revised: 05/24/2020] [Accepted: 05/25/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Walking and biking to school represent a source of regular daily physical activity (PA). The objectives of this paper are to determine the associations of distance to school, crime safety, and socioeconomic variables with active school transport (AST) among children from five culturally and socioeconomically different country sites and to describe the main policies related to AST in those country sites. The analytical sample included 2845 children aged 9-11 years from the International Study of Childhood Obesity, Lifestyle and the Environment. Multilevel generalized linear mixed models were used to estimate the associations between distance, safety and socioeconomic variables, and the odds of engaging in AST. Greater distance to school and vehicle ownership were associated with a lower likelihood of engaging in AST in sites in upper-middle- and high-income countries. Crime perception was negatively associated to AST only in sites in high-income countries. Our results suggest that distance to school is a consistent correlate of AST in different contexts. Our findings regarding crime perception support a need vs. choice framework, indicating that AST may be the only commuting choice for many children from the study sites in upper-middle-income countries, despite the high perception of crime.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvia A. González
- School of Medicine, Universidad de los Andes, Bogota 111711, Colombia; (O.L.S.); (M.N.); (G.A.H.)
- Healthy Active Living and Obesity Research Group, Children’s Hospital of Eastern Ontario Research Institute, Ottawa, ON K1H 8L1, Canada; (R.L.); (M.S.T.)
- School of Epidemiology and Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, K1G 5Z3, Canada
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-613-981-8332
| | - Olga L. Sarmiento
- School of Medicine, Universidad de los Andes, Bogota 111711, Colombia; (O.L.S.); (M.N.); (G.A.H.)
| | | | - Richard Larouche
- Healthy Active Living and Obesity Research Group, Children’s Hospital of Eastern Ontario Research Institute, Ottawa, ON K1H 8L1, Canada; (R.L.); (M.S.T.)
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Lethbridge, 4401 University Drive, Lethbridge, AB, T1K 3M4, Canada
| | - Jose D. Meisel
- Facultad de Ingeniería, Universidad de Ibagué, Ibagué 730001, Colombia;
| | - Mark S. Tremblay
- Healthy Active Living and Obesity Research Group, Children’s Hospital of Eastern Ontario Research Institute, Ottawa, ON K1H 8L1, Canada; (R.L.); (M.S.T.)
- School of Epidemiology and Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, K1G 5Z3, Canada
| | - Melisa Naranjo
- School of Medicine, Universidad de los Andes, Bogota 111711, Colombia; (O.L.S.); (M.N.); (G.A.H.)
| | - Stephanie T. Broyles
- Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Baton Rouge, LA 70808, USA; (S.T.B.); (P.T.K.)
| | - Mikael Fogelholm
- Department of Food and Nutrition, University of Helsinki, 00100 Helsinki, Finland;
| | - Gustavo A. Holguin
- School of Medicine, Universidad de los Andes, Bogota 111711, Colombia; (O.L.S.); (M.N.); (G.A.H.)
| | - Estelle V. Lambert
- Research Centre for Health through Physical Activity, Lifestyle and Sport, Division of Exercise Science and Sports Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Rondebosch, Cape Town 7700, South Africa;
| | - Peter T. Katzmarzyk
- Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Baton Rouge, LA 70808, USA; (S.T.B.); (P.T.K.)
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Ferrari GLDM, Kovalskys I, Fisberg M, Gómez G, Rigotti A, Sanabria LYC, García MCY, Torres RGP, Herrera-Cuenca M, Zimberg IZ, Guajardo V, Pratt M, Pires CAM, Colley RC, Solé D. Comparison of self-report versus accelerometer - measured physical activity and sedentary behaviors and their association with body composition in Latin American countries. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0232420. [PMID: 32343753 PMCID: PMC7188285 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0232420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2019] [Accepted: 04/14/2020] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Most population-based studies from Latin America have used questionnaires to measure physical activity (PA) and sedentary behaviors (SB). Low reliability and validity of the questionnaires has limited the capacity to examine associations between PA and health. The purpose of this study was to compare self-reported and accelerometer–measured PA and SB and their associations with body composition in Latin American countries. Methods Data were obtained from the Latin American Study of Nutrition and Health (aged 15–65 years), collected from September 2014 to February 2015. PA and SB were assessed using the International Physical Activity Questionnaire (long version) and the Actigraph GT3X+ accelerometer. Outcomes of interest included: body mass index (BMI), waist (WC) and neck circumference (NC). We used the Pearson and intraclass correlation coefficient, Bland-Altman plots, and multilevel linear regression models. Results Mean moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA) by accelerometer and IPAQ were 34.4 min/day (95% CI: 33.4 to 35.4) and 45.6 min/day (95% CI: 43.2 to 48.1), respectively. For SB (accelerometer and IPAQ) the means were 573.1 (95% CI: 568.2 to 577.9) and 231.9 min/day (95% CI: 225.5 to 238.3). MVPA, measured by the accelerometer was negatively associated with BMI (β = -1.95; 95% CI: -2.83 to -1.08), WC (β = -5.04; 95% CI: -7.18 to -2.89) and NC (β = -1.21; 95% CI: -1.79 to -0.63). The MVPA estimated through IPAQ was not significantly associated with any of the three outcome variables. SB, measured by the accelerometer, was positively associated with BMI (β = 0.26; 95% CI: 0.08 to 0.44) and WC (β = 0.48; 95% CI: 0.13 to 0.91). SB estimated through IPAQ was positively associated with NC only. Conclusions Low correlation coefficients were observed for accelerometer-derived and IPAQ-reported estimates of PA and SB. Caution is advised when making comparisons between accelerometer-measured and self-reported PA and SB. Further, studies examining associations between movement and health should discuss the impact of PA and SB measurement methodology on the results obtained.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gerson Luis de Moraes Ferrari
- Centro de Investigación en Fisiologia del Ejercicio - CIFE, Universidad Mayor, Santiago, Chile
- Departamento de Pediatria da Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
- * E-mail:
| | - Irina Kovalskys
- Commitee of Nutrition and Wellbeing, International Life Science Institute (ILSI-Argentina), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Mauro Fisberg
- Departamento de Pediatria da Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
- Instituto Pensi, Fundação José Luiz Egydio Setubal, Hospital Infantil Sabará, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Georgina Gómez
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Escuela de Medicina, Universidad de Costa Rica, San José, Costa Rica
| | - Attilio Rigotti
- Centro de Nutrición Molecular y Enfermedades Crónicas, Departamento de Nutrición, Diabetes y Metabolismo, Escuela de Medicina, Pontificia Universidad Católica, Santiago, Chile
| | | | | | | | - Marianella Herrera-Cuenca
- Centro de Estudios del Desarrollo, Universidad Central de Venezuela (CENDES-UCV)/Fundación Bengoa, Caracas, Venezuela
| | - Ioná Zalcman Zimberg
- Departamento de Psicobiologia, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Viviana Guajardo
- Commitee of Nutrition and Wellbeing, International Life Science Institute (ILSI-Argentina), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Michael Pratt
- Institute for Public Health, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States of America
| | - Carlos André Miranda Pires
- Center for Research in Neuropsychology and Cognitive and Behavioral Intervention (CINEICC), Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences, University of Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Rachel C. Colley
- Health Analysis Division, Statistics Canada, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Dirceu Solé
- Departamento de Pediatria da Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
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Sallis JF, Cerin E, Kerr J, Adams MA, Sugiyama T, Christiansen LB, Schipperijn J, Davey R, Salvo D, Frank LD, De Bourdeaudhuij I, Owen N. Built Environment, Physical Activity, and Obesity: Findings from the International Physical Activity and Environment Network (IPEN) Adult Study. Annu Rev Public Health 2020; 41:119-139. [PMID: 32237990 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-publhealth-040218-043657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Creating more physical activity-supportive built environments is recommended by the World Health Organization for controlling noncommunicable diseases. The IPEN (International Physical Activity and Environment Network) Adult Study was undertaken to provide international evidence on associations of built environments with physical activity and weight status in 12 countries on 5 continents (n > 14,000). This article presents reanalyzed data from eight primary papers to identify patterns of findings across studies. Neighborhood environment attributes, whether measured objectively or by self-report, were strongly related to all physical activity outcomes (accelerometer-assessed total physical activity, reported walking for transport and leisure) and meaningfully related to overweight/obesity. Multivariable indexes of built environment variables were more strongly related to most outcomes than were single-environment variables. Designing activity-supportive built environments should be a higher international health priority. Results provide evidence in support of global initiatives to increase physical activity and control noncommunicable diseases while achieving sustainable development goals.
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Affiliation(s)
- James F Sallis
- Department of Family Medicine and Public Health, University of California, San Diego, California 92093, USA; ,
- Mary MacKillop Institute for Health Research, Australian Catholic University, Melbourne, Victoria 3000, Australia; ,
| | - Ester Cerin
- Mary MacKillop Institute for Health Research, Australian Catholic University, Melbourne, Victoria 3000, Australia; ,
- School of Public Health, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Jacqueline Kerr
- Department of Family Medicine and Public Health, University of California, San Diego, California 92093, USA; ,
| | - Marc A Adams
- College of Health Solutions, Arizona State University, Phoenix, Arizona 85004-2135, USA;
| | - Takemi Sugiyama
- Mary MacKillop Institute for Health Research, Australian Catholic University, Melbourne, Victoria 3000, Australia; ,
- Centre for Urban Transitions, Swinburne University of Technology, Hawthorn, Victoria 3122, Australia
| | - Lars B Christiansen
- Department of Sports Science and Clinical Biomechanics, University of Southern Denmark, DK-5230 Odense, Denmark; ,
| | - Jasper Schipperijn
- Department of Sports Science and Clinical Biomechanics, University of Southern Denmark, DK-5230 Odense, Denmark; ,
| | - Rachel Davey
- Health Research Institute, University of Canberra, Bruce, Australian Capital Territory 2617, Australia;
| | - Deborah Salvo
- Prevention Research Center, Brown School, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri 63130, USA;
| | - Lawrence D Frank
- Health and Community Design Lab, School of Population and Public Health, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z3, Canada
- Urban Design 4 Health, Inc., Rochester, New York 14612, USA;
| | | | - Neville Owen
- Centre for Urban Transitions, Swinburne University of Technology, Hawthorn, Victoria 3122, Australia
- Behavioural Epidemiology Laboratory, Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Victoria 3004, Australia;
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Vegi ASF, Fernandes Filho EI, Pessoa MC, Ramos KL, Ribeiro AQ. [Walkability and healthy aging: an analytical proposal for small and medium-sized Brazilian cities]. CAD SAUDE PUBLICA 2020; 36:e00215218. [PMID: 32187294 DOI: 10.1590/0102-311x00215218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2018] [Accepted: 09/03/2019] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Evidence has shown that urban environments that discourage walking contribute to functional incapacity in the elderly. Various indices have been proposed to describe an area's walkability, combining different aspects of the built environment that promote (or inhibit) walking. However, due to problems with the quality and availability of data in Brazil, there is no walkability index to date applies to all cities of the country and that has been properly tested in the population. The current study aimed to propose a walkability index based on geographic information systems for a medium-sized city, with open-access data, and to test its association with functional incapacity in the elderly. The study used data from the urban area of a medium-sized Brazilian city to select a parsimonious set of variables through factor analysis. The resulting index was tested for its association with the capacity to perform activities of daily living that require more movement, in 499 elderly, using generalized estimating equations. The resulting walkability index consists of residential density, commercial density, street connectivity, presence of sidewalks, and public lighting. These variables comprised the first factor in the factor analysis, excluding only arborization which was retained in the second factor. The worst walkability score was associated with the highest functional incapacity score. Based on the results and their validation, the study suggests an easily applicable walkability index with great potential for use in action plans to adapt environments.
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Jáuregui A, Salvo D, Medina C, Barquera S, Hammond D. Understanding the contribution of public- and restricted-access places to overall and domain-specific physical activity among Mexican adults: A cross-sectional study. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0228491. [PMID: 32032390 PMCID: PMC7006922 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0228491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2019] [Accepted: 01/16/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Latin Americans engage in physical activity (PA) in unique ways and use a wider range of places for PA than those commonly studied in high-income settings. We examined the contribution of a variety of places and domains of PA to meeting PA recommendations among a sample of adults (18-65 y) from all over Mexico. This was a cross-sectional study conducted in 2017 (n = 3 686). Overall and domain-specific PA was measured using the Global Physical Activity Questionnaire. Use of places for PA was self-reported. Places were classified as private or public. In 2018, associations between specific places and meeting PA recommendations (≥150 mins/week) were estimated using multivariate logistic regression models. In total 72.1% met PA recommendations. The proportion meeting recommendations through domain-specific PA was highest for leisure-time PA (50.0%), followed by travel-related (39.1%) and work-related (24.9%) PA. The most commonly reported places for PA were home (43%), parks (40.7%) and streets (39.4%) (public). Use of most public places was positively associated with meeting PA recommendations, mainly through travel-related PA (Streets OR 2.05 [95% CI 1.71-2.45]; Cycling paths OR 1.91 [1.37-2.68]). Using private places was more strongly associated with PA, mainly leisure-time PA (Gyms OR 9.66 [7.34-12.70]); Sports facilities OR 5.03 [3.27-7.74]). In conclusion, public and private places were important contributors to PA. While public places may be a powerful setting for PA promotion, increasing the equitable access for all to private places may also represent an effective strategy to increase PA among Mexican adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alejandra Jáuregui
- Center for Nutrition and Health Research, National Institute of Public Health, Cuernavaca, Morelos, Mexico
| | - Deborah Salvo
- Center for Nutrition and Health Research, National Institute of Public Health, Cuernavaca, Morelos, Mexico
- Washington University in St. Louis, Brown School, Prevention Research Center & Center for Diabetes Translation Research, Saint Louis, Missouri, United States of America
| | - Catalina Medina
- Center for Nutrition and Health Research, National Institute of Public Health, Cuernavaca, Morelos, Mexico
| | - Simón Barquera
- Center for Nutrition and Health Research, National Institute of Public Health, Cuernavaca, Morelos, Mexico
| | - David Hammond
- School of Public Health and Health Systems, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario, Canada
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Luis de Moraes Ferrari G, Kovalskys I, Fisberg M, Gómez G, Rigotti A, Sanabria LYC, García MCY, Torres RGP, Herrera-Cuenca M, Zimberg IZ, Guajardo V, Pratt M, King AC, Solé D. Original research Socio-demographic patterning of self-reported physical activity and sitting time in Latin American countries: findings from ELANS. BMC Public Health 2019; 19:1723. [PMID: 31870408 PMCID: PMC6929436 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-019-8048-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2019] [Accepted: 12/08/2019] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Low levels of physical activity (PA) and prolonged sitting time (ST) increase the risk of non-communicable diseases and mortality, and can be influenced by socio-demographic characteristics. The aim of this study was to use self-report data to characterise socio-demographic patterns of PA and ST in eight Latin American countries. Methods Data were obtained from the Latin American Study of Nutrition and Health (ELANS), a household population-based, multi-national, cross-sectional survey (n = 9218, aged 15–65 years), collected from September 2014 to February 2015. Transport and leisure PA and ST were assessed using the International Physical Activity Questionnaire–long version. Overall and country-specific mean and median levels of time spent in transport and leisure PA and ST were compared by sex, age, socioeconomic and education level. Results Mean levels of transport and leisure PA were 220.3 min/week (ranging from 177.6 min/week in Venezuela to 275.3 min/week in Costa Rica) and 316.4 min/week (ranging from 272.1 min/week in Peru to 401.4 min/week in Ecuador). Transport and leisure PA were higher (p < 0.005) in men than women with mean differences of 58.0 and 34.0 min/week. The mean and median for transport PA were similar across age groups (15–29 years: mean 215.5 and median 120 min/week; 30–59 years: mean 225.0 and median 120 min/week; ≥60 years: mean 212.0 and median 120 min/week). The median time spent in transport and leisure PA between three strata of socioeconomic and education levels were similar. The prevalence of not meeting PA recommendations were 69.9% (95% CI: 68.9–70.8) for transport and 72.8% (95% CI: 72.0–73.7) for leisure. Men, younger people (15–29 years), individuals with higher socioeconomic and education levels spent significantly (p < 0.001) more time sitting than women, older people (30–59 years and ≥ 60 years) and those in the middle and low socioeconomic and education groups, respectively. Conclusions Transport and leisure PA and ST range widely by country, sex, and age group in Latin America. Programs for promoting leisure and transport PA and reducing ST in Latin America should consider these differences by age and gender and between countries. Trial registration ClinicalTrials.Gov NCT02226627. Retrospectively registered on August 27, 2014.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gerson Luis de Moraes Ferrari
- Centro de Investigación en Fisiologia del Ejercicio - CIFE, Universidad Mayor, José Toribio Medina, 29. Estacion Central, Santiago, Chile. .,Departamento de Pediatria da Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.
| | - Irina Kovalskys
- Commitee of Nutrition and Wellbeing, International Life Science Institute (ILSI-Argentina), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Mauro Fisberg
- Departamento de Pediatria da Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.,Instituto Pensi, Fundação José Luiz Egydio Setubal, Hospital Infantil Sabará, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Georgina Gómez
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Escuela de Medicina, Universidad de Costa Rica, San José, Costa Rica
| | - Attilio Rigotti
- Centro de Nutrición Molecular y Enfermedades Crónicas, Departamento de Nutrición, Diabetes y Metabolismo, Escuela de Medicina, Pontificia Universidad Católica, Santiago, Chile
| | | | | | | | - Marianella Herrera-Cuenca
- Centro de Estudios del Desarrollo, Universidad Central de Venezuela (CENDES-UCV)/Fundación Bengoa, Caracas, Venezuela
| | - Ioná Zalcman Zimberg
- Departamento de Psicobiologia, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Viviana Guajardo
- Commitee of Nutrition and Wellbeing, International Life Science Institute (ILSI-Argentina), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Michael Pratt
- Institute for Public Health, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Abby C King
- Health Research & Policy Department and the Stanford Prevention Research Center, Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Dirceu Solé
- Departamento de Pediatria da Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
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Ferrari GLDM, Kovalskys I, Fisberg M, Gómez G, Rigotti A, Sanabria LYC, García MCY, Torres RGP, Herrera-Cuenca M, Zimberg IZ, Guajardo V, Pratt M, Cristi-Montero C, Rodríguez-Rodríguez F, Scholes S, Celis-Morales CA, Chaput JP, Solé D. Socio-demographic patterning of objectively measured physical activity and sedentary behaviours in eight Latin American countries: Findings from the ELANS study. Eur J Sport Sci 2019; 20:670-681. [PMID: 31603392 DOI: 10.1080/17461391.2019.1678671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Physical activity (PA) and sedentary behaviours (SB) are two independent risk factors for non-communicable diseases. However, there is a lack of objectively measured information on PA and SB in low- and middle-income countries. The aim of this study was to use objective data to characterise socio-demographic patterns of PA and SB in eight Latin American countries. 2732 participants (aged 15-65 years) from the Latin American Study of Nutrition and Health (ELANS) were included. PA and SB data were collected using accelerometers. Overall and country-specific average levels of time spent in PA and SB were compared by sex, age, socioeconomic and education level. Overall, the mean time spent in SB was 571.6 min/day, ranging from 553.8 min/day in Chile to 596.7 min/day in Peru. Average levels of light, moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA) and total PA were 311.1 min/day (95% CI: 307.7; 314.5), 34.9 min/day (95% CI: 34.0; 35.9) and 7531.2 MET-min/week (95% CI: 7450.4; 7611.9), respectively. MVPA and total PA were higher in men than women. The prevalence of physical inactivity was 40.6%, ranging from 26.9% (Chile) to 47% (Costa Rica and Venezuela). Women were more physically inactive than men (47.7% versus 33.0%). SB levels were highest among those with higher education; PA graded positively with socioeconomic level. Our findings can inform the planning of health policies and programmes designed to reduce levels of physical inactivity, as well as inform the local and cultural adaptation of these policies and programmes for implementation in Latin America. Highlights Worldwide studies of physical activity (PA) and sedentary behaviours (SB) have historically under-represented Latin American countries due to the lack of surveillance data. Across eight Latin American countries, the ELANS study collected data on PA and SB using an objective method (accelerometers) which we have analysed to quantify and characterise socio-demographic patterns. Over four-in-ten participants were physically inactive (40.6%); with a gender gap (47.7% women; 33.0% men); and striking differences between countries (47% Costa Rica and Venezuela; 26.9% Chile). In all countries, levels of moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA) were lowest, and levels of SB were highest, among participants in the higher education groups. Our findings on the unequal distribution of PA and SB increases the evidence base and can help to inform future intervention strategies in Latin America.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gerson Luis de Moraes Ferrari
- Centro de Investigación en Fisiologia del Ejercicio - CIFE, Universidad Mayor, Santiago, Chile.,Departamento de Pediatria da Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Irina Kovalskys
- Commitee of Nutrition and Wellbeing, International Life Science Institute (ILSI-Argentina), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Mauro Fisberg
- Departamento de Pediatria da Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.,Instituto Pensi, Fundação José Luiz Egydio Setubal, Hospital Infantil Sabará, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Georgina Gómez
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Escuela de Medicina, Universidad de Costa Rica, San José, Costa Rica
| | - Attilio Rigotti
- Centro de Nutrición Molecular y Enfermedades Crónicas, Departamento de Nutrición, Diabetes y Metabolismo, Escuela de Medicina, Pontificia Universidad Católica, Santiago, Chile
| | | | | | | | - Marianella Herrera-Cuenca
- Centro de Estudios del Desarrollo, Universidad Central de Venezuela (CENDES-UCV)/Fundación Bengoa, Caracas, Venezuela
| | - Ioná Zalcman Zimberg
- Departamento de Psicobiologia, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Viviana Guajardo
- Commitee of Nutrition and Wellbeing, International Life Science Institute (ILSI-Argentina), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Michael Pratt
- Institute for Public Health, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Carlos Cristi-Montero
- IRyS Group, Physical Education School, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Valparaíso, Valparaíso, Chile
| | | | - Shaun Scholes
- Institute of Epidemiology and Health Care, University College London, London, UK
| | - Carlos A Celis-Morales
- Centro de Investigación en Fisiologia del Ejercicio - CIFE, Universidad Mayor, Santiago, Chile.,British Heart Foundation Glasgow Cardiovascular Research Centre, Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Jean-Philippe Chaput
- Healthy Active Living and Obesity (HALO) Research Group, Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario Research Institute, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Dirceu Solé
- Departamento de Pediatria da Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
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- Centro de Investigación en Fisiologia del Ejercicio - CIFE, Universidad Mayor, Santiago, Chile
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Salvo D, Ranjit N, Nielsen A, Akhavan N, van den Berg A. Characterizing Micro-scale Disparities in Childhood Obesity: Examining the Influence of Multilevel Factors on 4-Year Changes in BMI, Healthy Eating, and Physical Activity, Among a Cohort of Children Residing in Disadvantaged Urban Enclaves. Front Public Health 2019; 7:301. [PMID: 31750284 PMCID: PMC6842965 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2019.00301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2019] [Accepted: 10/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
The childhood obesity epidemic in the United States disproportionately affects minority, low-income populations. Hispanics have one of the highest childhood obesity rates, and are the fastest growing population subgroup in the country. Past research has examined disparities in the occurrence of obesity, healthy eating, and physical activity at a macro-geographic level, with less emphasis on examining the multilevel, micro-scale determinants of childhood obesity in disadvantaged urban ethnic enclaves. The aim of our study was to identify child-, parental-, familial-, community-, and neighborhood-level factors associated with differences in 4-year changes in BMI, healthy eating, and physical activity, among children residing in low-income, predominantly Hispanic urban enclaves in Austin, Texas. This analysis used data from the Go Austin! Vamos Austin! (GAVA) Evaluation study, a cohort with 4 years of follow-up from 313 child-caregiver dyads. The dependent variables were change categories denoting 4-year increase, decrease, or no change in Body Mass Index (BMI) percentile, fruit and vegetable intake, and physical activity, among child participants. The independent variables were factors at multiple levels of the socio-ecological model: child, parental, familial, community, and environmental. Multinomial logistic regression models were used to estimate the odds of children being in the "increasing" or "decreasing" categories for the three dependent variables (vs. "no change"), in association with the studied independent variables. The results showed that among children residing in this low-income, predominantly Hispanic urban enclave, weight gain prevention and weight loss have different determinants. We identified relevant micro-scale disparities, and micro-level factors of influence on child BMI and its related health behaviors, at all levels of the socio-ecological model. Our results revealed evidence, through the characterization of positive deviance cases (children for whom decreases in BMI, increases in fruit and vegetable intake, or increases in physical activity were observed) which could potentially help mitigate established unhealthy habits among high need populations. Factors associated with positive deviance for BMI (decreases in child BMI) included male child sex (OR: 0.33, 95% CI: 0.12-0.83) and living in a food-insecure household (OR: 0.24, 95% CI: 0.13-0.79). Our findings may inform the design of obesity prevention interventions in these types of disadvantaged urban Hispanic enclaves.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deborah Salvo
- Prevention Research Center, Brown School, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, United States
| | - Nalini Ranjit
- Michael & Susan Dell Center for Healthy Living, School of Public Health in Austin, The University Health Science Center in Houston, Austin, TX, United States
| | - Aida Nielsen
- Michael & Susan Dell Center for Healthy Living, School of Public Health in Austin, The University Health Science Center in Houston, Austin, TX, United States
| | - Nika Akhavan
- Michael & Susan Dell Center for Healthy Living, School of Public Health in Austin, The University Health Science Center in Houston, Austin, TX, United States
| | - Alexandra van den Berg
- Michael & Susan Dell Center for Healthy Living, School of Public Health in Austin, The University Health Science Center in Houston, Austin, TX, United States
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Wang X, Rodríguez DA, Sarmiento OL, Guaje O. Commute patterns and depression: Evidence from eleven Latin American cities. JOURNAL OF TRANSPORT & HEALTH 2019; 14:100607. [PMID: 31853443 PMCID: PMC6894323 DOI: 10.1016/j.jth.2019.100607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2018] [Revised: 07/25/2019] [Accepted: 07/26/2019] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Although travel behavior is expected to influence personal health, few studies have examined associations with mental health. This study examines associations between commute patterns and mental health using survey data in 11 Latin American cities. METHODS Using a survey conducted by the Development Bank of Latin America in 2016, we measured the presence of depressive symptoms using the 10-item Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression (CESD-10) screening scale. We used multilevel non-linear models to estimate the magnitude of the associations between commute patterns and depression risk, adjusting for socio-demographic and neighborhood characteristics. RESULTS We found that, on average, every 10 more minutes of commuting time is associated with 0.5% (p = 0.011) higher probability of screening positively for depression. Furthermore, when decomposing commuting time into free-flow time and delay time, we found that delay and not free-flow time, were associated with depression. Specifically, every 10 additional minutes of traffic delay is associated with 0.8% (p = 0.037) higher probability of screening positively for depression. When examining differences by travel mode, we find that users of formal transit (e.g. subway or bus rapid transit) are 4.8% (p = 0.040) less likely to be screened positively for depression than drivers. In addition, not having transit stops within a 10-min walk from home is associated with higher probability of screening positively for depression. CONCLUSIONS Our findings provide preliminary evidence that better access to mass transit systems and less congestion may be linked to better mental health among urban residents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xize Wang
- Department of Real Estate, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Daniel A. Rodríguez
- Department of City and Regional Planning, University of California, Berkeley, USA
| | | | - Oscar Guaje
- Department of Industrial Engineering, Universidad de Los Andes, Bogotá, Colombia
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Previdelli AN, Gómez G, Kovalskys I, Fisberg M, Cortés LY, Pareja RG, Liria MR, García MCY, Herrera-Cuenca M, Rigotti A, Guajardo V, Zimberg IZ, Murillo AG. Prevalence and determinants of misreporting of energy intake among Latin American populations: results from ELANS study. Nutr Res 2019; 68:9-18. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nutres.2019.05.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2018] [Revised: 02/14/2019] [Accepted: 05/22/2019] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Luis de Moraes Ferrari G, Kovalskys I, Fisberg M, Gomez G, Rigotti A, Sanabria LYC, García MCY, Torres RGP, Herrera-Cuenca M, Zimberg IZ, Guajardo V, Pratt M, Pires C, Solé D. Association of moderate-to-vigorous physical activity with neck circumference in eight Latin American countries. BMC Public Health 2019; 19:809. [PMID: 31234866 PMCID: PMC6591862 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-019-7153-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2018] [Accepted: 06/11/2019] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Physical activity is a cornerstone in the prevention and treatment of obesity. There are relatively few studies that explore the effect of accelerometer-determined moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA) on neck circumference (NC), most of them confined to single high-income countries. The present study investigated the association of accelerometer-determined MVPA with NC in adolescents and adults from eight Latin American countries, which are mostly upper-middle income countries. METHODS The sample consisted of 2370 participants (47.8% male) from the Latin American Study of Nutrition and Health, a multicenter cross-sectional nutrition and health surveillance study of a nationally representative sample from eight Latin American countries (Argentina, Brazil, Chile, Colombia, Costa Rica, Ecuador, Peru, and Venezuela). Times (min/day) in MVPA (defined as time accumulated at ≥1952 activity counts/min) was assessed by ActiGraph GT3X+ accelerometer over 7 days. NC for adolescent was categorized as abnormal if circumference was > 34.5 cm for boys and > 31.25 for girls, whereas for adults the cut-off points for abnormal were > 39 cm for men and > 35 cm women. Multilevel logistic models, including country and region as random effects and adjusted for sex, age, socioeconomic level, and educational level, were used to study the association between MVPA and NC. RESULTS The average time of MVPA was 34.88 min/day, ranging from 31.16 in Venezuela to 40.27 in Chile. Concerning NC, 37.0% of the sample was classified as having elevated NC. Chile was the country with the highest percentage of people with elevated NC (56.9%), and Colombia had the lowest percentage (24.8%). Overall, the MVPA (min/day) was associated with elevated NC (OR = 0.994, CI95% = 0.990-0.998). In Costa Rica and Peru, there were significant associations between MVPA and NC when analyzed by country. CONCLUSIONS The present study provided evidence of significant associations between MVPA and NC in adolescents and adults from Latin America, independent of sex, age, socioeconomic level, and educational level. This analysis of accelerometry data and NC represents the first examination of these associations in eight Latin America countries. Further research is required to understand the differences between countries in the observed associations. TRIAL REGISTRATION ClinicalTrials.Gov NCT02226627 . Retrospectively registered on August 27, 2014.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gerson Luis de Moraes Ferrari
- Centro de Investigación en Fisiologia del Ejercicio-CIFE, Universidad Mayor, José Toribio Medina, 29. Estacion Central, Santiago, Chile
- Disciplina de Alergia, Imunologia Clínica e Reumatologia do Departamento de Pediatria, da Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Irina Kovalskys
- Commitee of Nutrition and WellbeingInternational Life Science Institute, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Mauro Fisberg
- Instituto Pensi, Fundação José Luiz Egydio Setubal, Hospital Infantil Sabará, São Paulo, Brazil
- Departamento de Pediatria, da Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Georgina Gomez
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Escuela de Medicina, Universidad de Costa Rica, San José, Costa Rica
| | - Attilio Rigotti
- Centro de Nutrición Molecular y Enfermedades Crónicas, Departamento de Nutrición, Diabetes y Metabolismo, Escuela de Medicina, Pontificia Universidad Católica, Santiago, Chile
| | | | | | | | - Marianella Herrera-Cuenca
- Centro de Estudios del Desarrollo, Universidad Central de Venezuela/Fundación Bengoa, Caracas, Venezuela
| | - Ioná Zalcman Zimberg
- Departamento de Psicobiologia, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Viviana Guajardo
- Commitee of Nutrition and WellbeingInternational Life Science Institute, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Michael Pratt
- Institute for Public Health, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA USA
| | - Carlos Pires
- Centre for Mathematics of the University of Trás-os-Montes e Alto Douro (CM-UTAD), Vila Real, Portugal
| | - Dirceu Solé
- Disciplina de Alergia, Imunologia Clínica e Reumatologia do Departamento de Pediatria, da Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
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Fisberg M, Kovalskys I, Previdelli AN, Zimberg IZ, Del'Arco APWT, Ferrari GLDM. Brazilian Study of Nutrition and Health (EBANS) - Brazilian data of ELANS: methodological opportunities and challenges. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2019; 65:669-677. [PMID: 31166444 DOI: 10.1590/1806-9282.65.5.669] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2018] [Accepted: 09/01/2018] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Epidemiological studies with dietary variables are complex methodologically, being the researcher responsible for anticipating, controlling, reducing and preventing methodological errors. Obesity accounts for almost one-third of the world's population and has consequences for childhood and adolescence. Multifactorial disorder must be faced in several aspects, being food and physical activity, modifiable risk factors. The EBANS aims to perform a diagnosis of the nutritional status of the Brazilian population from 15 to 65 years old, from all regions, and the parameters associated with obesity, with several possibilities of correlating data. METHODOLOGICAL PROCESS Part of the ELANS study (n = 9218), the EBANS (n = 2000) has a weighted sample and data collection that allows: to evaluate the socioeconomic level of the population; perform a diagnosis of nutritional status (through anthropometric variables); to evaluate food intake (R24h and FFQ for beverages); and evaluate physical activity practice (IPAQ-long and accelerometer). METHODOLOGICAL OPPORTUNITIES With national coverage, EBANS has the potential to compose regional analyzes, portray the current nutritional epidemiological condition, food consumption and physical activity pattern of the Brazilian population, at different life stages, and may have their data analyzed together or stratified, offering useful subsidies for the formulation of public policies. METHODOLOGICAL CHALLENGES Each methodological step was designed to reduce errors and biases related to methodological challenges. CAAE REGISTRATION 31670314.8.0000.5567. FINAL CONSIDERATIONS Of great potential for future data analysis, EBANS tries to contribute to the generation of knowledge to foment policies and actions capable of changing the current obesity scenario.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mauro Fisberg
- Pensi Institute - Foundation José Luiz Egydio Setúbal - Sabará Children's Hospital, São Paulo, SP, Brasil and Department of Pediatrics, Unifesp - Federal University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brasil
| | - Irina Kovalskys
- International Life Science Institute (ILSI-Argentina) - Committee of Nutrition and Faculty of Medical Sciences University Favaloro, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | | | | | | | - Gerson Luis de Moraes Ferrari
- Centro de Investigación en Fisiologia del Ejercicio - CIFE, Universidad Mayor, Santiago, Chile and Department of Pediatrics, Unifesp - Federal University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brasil
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Report Card Grades on the Physical Activity of Children and Youth From 10 Countries With High Human Development Index: Global Matrix 3.0. J Phys Act Health 2019; 15:S284-S297. [PMID: 30475136 DOI: 10.1123/jpah.2018-0391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The Global Matrix 3.0 brings together the Report Card grades for 10 physical activity indicators for children and youth from 49 countries. This study describes and compares the Global Matrix 3.0 findings among 10 countries with high Human Development Index. METHODS Report Cards on physical activity indicators were developed by each country following a harmonized process. Countries informed their Report Cards with the best and most recent evidence available. Indicators were graded using a common grading rubric and benchmarks established by the Active Healthy Kids Global Alliance. A database of grades from the countries was compiled, and letter grades were converted to numerical equivalents. Descriptive statistics and scores for groups of indicators were calculated, and correlation analyses were conducted. RESULTS Grades for the 10 countries clustered around "D" ranging from "F" to "B+." Active Transportation had the highest average grade ("C"), whereas Overall Physical Activity had the lowest average grade ("D-"). Low grades were observed for both behavioral and sources of influence indicators. CONCLUSIONS In the context of social and economical changes of high- Human Development Index countries, urgent actions to increase physical activity among children and youth are required. Surveillance and monitoring efforts are required to fill research gaps.
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Relationships Between Outdoor Time, Physical Activity, Sedentary Time, and Body Mass Index in Children: A 12-Country Study. Pediatr Exerc Sci 2019; 31:118-129. [PMID: 30304983 DOI: 10.1123/pes.2018-0055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE This study investigated the relationship between outdoor time and physical activity (PA), sedentary time (SED), and body mass index z scores among children from 12 lower-middle-income, upper-middle-income, and high-income countries. METHODS In total, 6478 children (54.4% girls) aged 9-11 years participated. Outdoor time was self-reported, PA and SED were assessed with ActiGraph GT3X+ accelerometers, and height and weight were measured. Data on parental education, neighborhood collective efficacy, and accessibility to neighborhood recreation facilities were collected from parent questionnaires. Country latitude and climate statistics were collected through national weather data sources. Gender-stratified multilevel models with parental education, climate, and neighborhood variables as covariates were used to examine the relationship between outdoor time, accelerometry measures, and body mass index z scores. RESULTS Each additional hour per day spent outdoors was associated with higher moderate- to vigorous-intensity PA (boys: +2.8 min/d; girls: +1.4 min/d), higher light-intensity PA (boys: +2.0 min/d; girls: +2.3 min/d), and lower SED (boys: -6.3 min/d; girls: -5.1 min/d). Effect sizes were generally weaker in lower-middle-income countries. Outdoor time was not associated with body mass index z scores. CONCLUSIONS Outdoor time was associated with higher PA and lower SED independent of climate, parental education, and neighborhood variables, but effect sizes were small. However, more research is needed in low- and middle-income countries.
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Koohsari MJ, Oka K, Owen N, Sugiyama T. Natural movement: A space syntax theory linking urban form and function with walking for transport. Health Place 2019; 58:102072. [PMID: 30639202 DOI: 10.1016/j.healthplace.2019.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2018] [Revised: 10/22/2018] [Accepted: 01/03/2019] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Walking to get to and from local destinations including shops, services, and transit stops is a major source of adults' health-related physical activity. Research has been using space syntax measures in examining how urban form is related to such routine walking for transport. This paper proposes to apply a theory of space syntax, natural movement, which posits street layout as a primary factor influencing pedestrian movement. Discussing how this theory can link urban form (street layout) and function (land use) with walking for transport, we propose a research agenda to produce new insights and advance methods in active living research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Javad Koohsari
- Faculty of Sport Sciences, Waseda University, Tokorozawa, Japan; Behavioural Epidemiology Laboratory, Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Australia; Mary MacKillop Institute for Health Research, Australian Catholic University, Australia.
| | - Koichiro Oka
- Faculty of Sport Sciences, Waseda University, Tokorozawa, Japan.
| | - Neville Owen
- Behavioural Epidemiology Laboratory, Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Australia; Swinburne University of Technology, Melbourne, Australia.
| | - Takemi Sugiyama
- Behavioural Epidemiology Laboratory, Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Australia; Mary MacKillop Institute for Health Research, Australian Catholic University, Australia; Swinburne University of Technology, Melbourne, Australia.
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Exploring Neighborhood Environments and Active Commuting in Chennai, India. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2018; 15:ijerph15091840. [PMID: 30149686 PMCID: PMC6163753 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph15091840] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2018] [Revised: 08/13/2018] [Accepted: 08/13/2018] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Few studies assess built environment correlates of active commuting in low-and-middle-income countries (LMICs), but the different context could yield distinct findings. Policies and investments to promote active commuting remain under-developed in LMICs like India, which grapples with traffic congestion, lack of activity-supportive infrastructure, poor enforcement of traffic rules and regulations, air pollution, and overcrowding. This cross-sectional study investigated associations between home neighborhood environment characteristics and active commuting in Chennai, India. Adults (N = 370, 47.2% female, mean age = 37.9 years) were recruited from 155 wards in the metropolitan area of Chennai in southern India between January and June 2015. Participants self-reported their usual mode of commute to work, with responses recoded into three categories: (1) multi-modal or active commuting (walking and bicycling; n = 56); (2) public transit (n = 52); and (3) private transport (n = 111). Environmental attributes around participants’ homes were assessed using the Neighborhood Environment Walkability Scale for India (NEWS-India). Associations between environmental characteristics and likelihood of active commuting and public transit use were modeled using logistic regression with private transport (driving alone or carpool) as the reference category, adjusting for age, gender, and household car ownership. Consistent with other international studies, participants living in neighborhoods with a mix of land uses and a transit stop within a 10-minute walk from home were more likely to use active commuting (both p < 0.01). Land-use mix was significantly associated with the use of public transit compared to private transport (adjusted odds ratio (aOR) = 5.2, p = 0.002). Contrary to findings in high-income countries, the odds of active commuting were reduced with improved safety from crime (aOR = 0.2, p = 0.003), aesthetics (aOR = 0.2, p = 0.05), and street connectivity (aOR = 0.2, p = 0.003). Different environmental attributes were associated with active commuting, suggesting that these relationships are complex and may distinctly differ from those in high-income countries. Unexpected inverse associations of perceived safety from crime and aesthetics with active commuting emphasize the need for high-quality epidemiologic studies with greater context specificity in the study of physical activity in LMICs. Findings have public health implications for India and suggest that caution should be taken when translating evidence across countries.
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