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Jones DR, Potter LN, Lam CY, Schlechter CR, Nahum-Shani I, Fagundes C, Wetter DW. Examining Links Between Distinct Affective States and Tobacco Lapse During a Cessation Attempt Among African Americans: A Cohort Study. Ann Behav Med 2024; 58:506-516. [PMID: 38740389 PMCID: PMC11185091 DOI: 10.1093/abm/kaae020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/16/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Affect states are posited to play a pivotal role in addiction-related processes, including tobacco lapse (i.e., smoking during a quit attempt), and distinct affective states (e.g., joy vs. happiness) may differentially influence lapse likelihood. However, few studies have examined the influence of distinct affective states on tobacco lapse. PURPOSE This study examines the influence of 23 distinct affect states on tobacco lapse among a sample of tobacco users attempting to quit. METHODS Participants were 220 adults who identified as African American (50% female, ages 18-74). Ecological momentary assessment was used to assess affect and lapse in real-time. Between and within-person associations testing links between distinct affect states and lapse were examined with multilevel modeling for binary outcomes. RESULTS After adjusting for previous time's lapse and for all other positive or negative affect items, results suggested that at the between-person level, joy was associated with lower odds of lapse, and at the within-person level, attentiveness was associated with lower odds of lapse. Results also suggested that at the between-person level, guilt and nervous were associated with higher odds of lapse, and at the within-person level, shame was associated with higher odds of lapse. CONCLUSIONS The present study uses real-time, real-world data to demonstrate the role of distinct positive and negative affects on momentary tobacco lapse. This work helps elucidate specific affective experiences that facilitate or hinder the ability to abstain from tobacco use during a quit attempt.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dusti R Jones
- Center for Health Outcomes and Population Equity (HOPE), Huntsman Cancer Institute and the University of Utah, Salt Lake City, USA
| | - Lindsey N Potter
- Center for Health Outcomes and Population Equity (HOPE), Huntsman Cancer Institute and the University of Utah, Salt Lake City, USA
- Department of Population Health Sciences, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, USA
| | - Cho Y Lam
- Center for Health Outcomes and Population Equity (HOPE), Huntsman Cancer Institute and the University of Utah, Salt Lake City, USA
- Department of Population Health Sciences, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, USA
| | - Chelsey R Schlechter
- Center for Health Outcomes and Population Equity (HOPE), Huntsman Cancer Institute and the University of Utah, Salt Lake City, USA
- Department of Population Health Sciences, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, USA
| | - Inbal Nahum-Shani
- Institute for Social Research, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, USA
- Center for Methodologies for Adapting and Personalizing Prevention, Treatment, and Recovery Services for SUD and HIV (MAPS Center), University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, USA
| | | | - David W Wetter
- Center for Health Outcomes and Population Equity (HOPE), Huntsman Cancer Institute and the University of Utah, Salt Lake City, USA
- Department of Population Health Sciences, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, USA
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Edwards K, Manoharan A, Asfar T, Kareff S, Lopes G, Rodriguez E, Olazagasti C. Disparities in Electronic Cigarette Use: A Narrative Review. Crit Rev Oncog 2024; 29:91-98. [PMID: 38683156 DOI: 10.1615/critrevoncog.2024051128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/01/2024]
Abstract
The prevalence of electronic cigarette use has been declared an epidemic by the U.S. Surgeon General in 2018, particularly among youth aged 18-24 years old. Little is known about the differential use of e-cigarettes by different groups. PubMed, Cochrane, and Google Scholar were used to find relevant articles. A total of 77 articles were included. The extant literature reveals disparities in e-cigarette use by race/ethnicity and sexuality/gender. There are conflicting conclusions regarding disparities by socioeconomic status.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Aysswarya Manoharan
- Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Taghrid Asfar
- Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Samuel Kareff
- Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Gilberto Lopes
- Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Estelamari Rodriguez
- Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Coral Olazagasti
- Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
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Dai HD, Thiel G, Hafer D. Perceived racism and discrimination and youth substance use in the United States - Intersections with sex and ethnicity. Prev Med 2024; 178:107811. [PMID: 38081420 PMCID: PMC10928724 DOI: 10.1016/j.ypmed.2023.107811] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2023] [Revised: 12/05/2023] [Accepted: 12/06/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This study sought to examine associations between U.S. adolescents' perceived racism and discrimination (PRD) at school and current substance use. METHODS Data were drawn from the Adolescent Behaviors and Experiences Survey (ABES), a probability sample of U.S. high school students in 2021 (n = 7705). Multivariable regression models were conducted to examine associations of PRD with current (past 30-day) use of tobacco products, marijuana, alcohol, and prescription opioid misuse. Interaction effects of PRD and demographic factors were tested. RESULTS Among participants in the 2021 ABES, PRD was associated with higher odds of current use of tobacco (AOR = 1.3, p = 0.03), marijuana (AOR = 1.3, p = 0.03), alcohol (AOR = 1.2, p = 0.03), and misuse of prescription opioids (AOR = 1.6, p = 0.004). The effects of PRD on current tobacco and alcohol use differed by Hispanic and non-Hispanic adolescents (interaction effect = 0.007 and 0.01, respectively) with higher odds among Hispanic youth than among non-Hispanic counterparts. The associations of PRD and current tobacco use, marijuana use, alcohol use, and misuse of prescription opioids were moderated by sex with more pronounced effects on males than females. CONCLUSIONS Efforts to promote awareness and create support environments that value diversity and inclusivity at school are needed to mitigate adolescent exposure to racism and discrimination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongying Daisy Dai
- College of Public Health University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, United States.
| | - Grace Thiel
- College of Public Health University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, United States; College of Osteopathic Medicine, Kansas City University, Kansas City, MO, United States
| | - Dylan Hafer
- College of Public Health University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, United States; College of Osteopathic Medicine, Kansas City University, Kansas City, MO, United States
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Smoking Abstinence Expectancies Among Latinx Smokers: An Initial Test and Evaluation of Individual Difference Factors. COGNITIVE THERAPY AND RESEARCH 2023. [DOI: 10.1007/s10608-023-10351-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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5
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Cox LS, Nollen NL, Mayo MS, Faseru B, Greiner A, Ellerbeck EF, Krebill R, Tyndale RF, Benowitz NL, Ahluwalia JS. Effect of Varenicline Added to Counseling on Smoking Cessation Among African American Daily Smokers: The Kick It at Swope IV Randomized Clinical Trial. JAMA 2022; 327:2201-2209. [PMID: 35699705 PMCID: PMC9198729 DOI: 10.1001/jama.2022.8274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
IMPORTANCE African American smokers have among the highest rates of tobacco-attributable morbidity and mortality in the US, and effective treatment is needed for all smoking levels. OBJECTIVES To evaluate the efficacy of varenicline vs placebo among African American adults who are light, moderate, and heavy daily smokers. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS The Kick It at Swope IV (KIS-IV) trial was a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial conducted at a federally qualified health center in Kansas City. A total of 500 African American adults who were daily smokers of all smoking levels were enrolled from June 2015 to December 2017; final follow-up was completed in June 2018. INTERVENTIONS Participants were provided 6 sessions of culturally relevant individualized counseling and were randomized (in a 3:2 ratio) to receive varenicline (1 mg twice daily; n = 300) or placebo (n = 200) for 12 weeks. Randomization was stratified by sex and smoking level (1-10 cigarettes/d [light smokers] or >10 cigarettes/d [moderate to heavy smokers]). MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES The primary outcome was salivary cotinine-verified 7-day point prevalence smoking abstinence at week 26. The secondary outcome was 7-day point prevalence smoking abstinence at week 12, with subgroup analyses for light smokers (1-10 cigarettes/d) and moderate to heavy smokers (>10 cigarettes/d). RESULTS Among 500 participants who were randomized and completed the baseline visit (mean age, 52 years; 262 [52%] women; 260 [52%] light smokers; 429 [86%] menthol users), 441 (88%) completed the trial. Treating those lost to follow-up as smokers, participants receiving varenicline were significantly more likely than those receiving placebo to be abstinent at week 26 (15.7% vs 6.5%; difference, 9.2% [95% CI, 3.8%-14.5%]; odds ratio [OR], 2.7 [95% CI, 1.4-5.1]; P = .002). The varenicline group also demonstrated greater abstinence than the placebo group at the end of treatment week 12 (18.7% vs 7.0%; difference, 11.7% [95% CI, 6.0%-17.7%]; OR, 3.0 [95% CI, 1.7-5.6]; P < .001). Smoking abstinence at week 12 was significantly greater for individuals receiving varenicline compared with placebo among light smokers (22.1% vs 8.5%; difference, 13.6% [95% CI, 5.2%-22.0%]; OR, 3.0 [95% CI, 1.4-6.7]; P = .004) and among moderate to heavy smokers (15.1% vs 5.3%; difference, 9.8% [95% CI, 2.4%-17.2%]; OR, 3.1 [95% CI, 1.1-8.6]; P = .02), with no significant smoking level × treatment interaction (P = .96). Medication adverse events were generally comparable between treatment groups, with nausea reported more frequently in the varenicline group (163 of 293 [55.6%]) than the placebo group (90 of 196 [45.9%]). CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE Among African American adults who are daily smokers, varenicline added to counseling resulted in a statistically significant improvement in the rates of 7-day point prevalence smoking abstinence at week 26 compared with counseling and placebo. The findings support the use of varenicline in addition to counseling for tobacco use treatment among African American adults who are daily smokers. TRIAL REGISTRATION ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT02360631.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa Sanderson Cox
- Department of Population Health, University of Kansas School of Medicine, Kansas City
- University of Kansas Cancer Center, Kansas City
| | - Nicole L. Nollen
- Department of Population Health, University of Kansas School of Medicine, Kansas City
- University of Kansas Cancer Center, Kansas City
| | - Matthew S. Mayo
- University of Kansas Cancer Center, Kansas City
- Department of Biostatistics & Data Science, University of Kansas School of Medicine, Kansas City
| | - Babalola Faseru
- Department of Population Health, University of Kansas School of Medicine, Kansas City
- University of Kansas Cancer Center, Kansas City
| | - Allen Greiner
- Department of Family Medicine, University of Kansas School of Medicine, Kansas City
| | - Edward F. Ellerbeck
- Department of Population Health, University of Kansas School of Medicine, Kansas City
- University of Kansas Cancer Center, Kansas City
| | - Ron Krebill
- Department of Biostatistics & Data Science, University of Kansas School of Medicine, Kansas City
| | - Rachel F. Tyndale
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | | | - Jasjit S. Ahluwalia
- Department of Behavioral and Social Sciences, Brown University School of Public Health, Providence, Rhode Island
- Legorreta Cancer Center at Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island
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Suen LW, Rafferty H, Le T, Chung K, Straus E, Chen E, Vijayaraghavan M. Factors associated with smoking cessation attempts in a public, safety-net primary care system. Prev Med Rep 2022; 26:101699. [PMID: 35145838 PMCID: PMC8802046 DOI: 10.1016/j.pmedr.2022.101699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2021] [Revised: 01/03/2022] [Accepted: 01/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
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Stevens EM, Vázquez-Otero C, Li X, Arya M, Vallone D, Minsky S, Osgood ND, Viswanath K. Tobacco messages encountered in real-time among low socio-economic position groups: a descriptive study. BMC Public Health 2021; 21:2136. [PMID: 34801012 PMCID: PMC8606061 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-021-12197-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2021] [Accepted: 11/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Tobacco advertising disproportionately targets low socio-economic position (SEP) groups, causing higher rates of tobacco use in this population. Anti-tobacco public health education campaigns persuade against use. This study measured real-time exposure of pro- and anti-tobacco messages from low SEP groups in two American cities. METHODS Individuals in low SEP groups (N = 95), aged 18-34 years old, who were smokers and non-smokers, from the Boston and Houston areas, took part in a mobile health study. They submitted images of tobacco-related messages they encountered via a mobile application for a 7-week period. Two coders analyzed the images for message characteristics. Intercoder reliability was established using Krippendorff's alpha and data were analyzed descriptively. RESULTS Of the submitted images (N = 131), 83 were pro-tobacco and 53 were anti-tobacco. Of the pro-tobacco messages, the majority were cigarette ads (80.7%) seen outside (36.1%) or inside (30.1%) a convenience store or gas station and used conventional themes (e.g., price promotion; 53.2%). Of the anti-tobacco messages, 56.6% were sponsored by public health campaigns or were signage prohibiting smoking in a public area (39.6%). Most focused on the health harms of smoking (28.3%). CONCLUSION Low SEP groups in this study encountered more pro-tobacco than anti-tobacco messages at places that were point-of-sale using price promotions to appeal to this group. Anti-tobacco messages at point-of-sale and/or advertising regulations may help combat tobacco use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elise M Stevens
- Department of Population and Quantitative Health Sciences, Division of Preventive and Behavioral Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, 368 Plantation Street, Worcester, MA, 01605, USA.
| | - Coralia Vázquez-Otero
- Department of Public Health, College for Health, Community and Policy, The University of Texas at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Xiaoyan Li
- Department of Computer Science and Computational Epidemiology & Public Health Informatics Laboratory, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada
| | | | - Donna Vallone
- Truth Initiative Schroeder Institute, Washington, USA
- College of Global Public Health, New York University, New York City, NY, USA
| | - Sara Minsky
- Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health & Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Nathaniel D Osgood
- Department of Computer Science and Computational Epidemiology & Public Health Informatics Laboratory, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada
| | - Kasisomayajula Viswanath
- Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health & Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard University, Boston, MA, USA
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Wang Y, Max W, Yao T, Keeler C, Sung HY. Differential price-responsiveness of smoking behaviors among non-Hispanic African Americans and non-Hispanic whites in the United States. Addiction 2021; 116:2859-2869. [PMID: 33788331 DOI: 10.1111/add.15504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2020] [Revised: 09/08/2020] [Accepted: 03/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Non-Hispanic African Americans (African Americans) smoke fewer cigarettes per day (CPD) and are more likely to be non-daily smokers than non-Hispanic whites (whites). Little is known about how changes in cigarette prices might contribute to these differences. This study aimed to measure the price-responsiveness of smoking participation, non-daily smoking among current smokers and smoking intensity among daily or non-daily smokers for African Americans and compare the price-responsiveness estimates with those for whites. DESIGN Analysis of data from the 2009-14 National Adult Tobacco Surveys and cigarette price data from the Tax Burden on Tobacco report. SETTING United States. PARTICIPANTS A total of 19 232 African American and 197 939 white adults aged 18+. MEASUREMENTS We used a three-part econometric model of cigarette demand to estimate the price-responsiveness of smoking participation, daily versus non-daily smoking and smoking intensity. The model controlled for secular variation, state-level anti-smoking sentiment and smoke-free air laws and socio-demographics. FINDINGS In 2009-14, 20.2% of African Americans and 17.7% of whites identified as current smokers; 70.2% of African American smokers and 81.4% of white smokers smoked daily. The price elasticity of smoking participation was significant for whites at -0.16 [95% confidence interval (CI) = -0.23, -0.09], indicating that a 10% increase in prices would reduce smoking participation by 1.6%, but not statistically significant for African Americans, and this racial/ethnic differential price responsiveness was not statistically significant. The price elasticity of smoking intensity was statistically significant for African American daily smokers at -0.29 (95% CI = -0.42, -0.16), but not statistically significant for white daily smokers, and this racial/ethnic differential price-responsiveness was statistically significant. The price elasticity of daily versus non-daily smoking among current smokers, and the price elasticity of smoking intensity among non-daily smokers were not statistically significant for either racial/ethnic group. CONCLUSION In the United States, cigarette price increases may have stronger effects on decreasing daily smokers' consumption among African Americans than among non-Hispanic whites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingning Wang
- Institute for Health and Aging, School of Nursing, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Wendy Max
- Institute for Health and Aging, School of Nursing, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Tingting Yao
- Institute for Health and Aging, School of Nursing, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Courtney Keeler
- Department of Population Health Sciences, School of Nursing, University of San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Hai-Yen Sung
- Institute for Health and Aging, School of Nursing, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
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Sánchez-Romero LM, Zavala-Arciniega L, Reynales-Shigematsu LM, de Miera-Juárez BS, Yuan Z, Li Y, Lau YK, Fleischer NL, Meza R, Thrasher JF, Levy DT. The Mexico SimSmoke tobacco control policy model: Development of a simulation model of daily and nondaily cigarette smoking. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0248215. [PMID: 34153063 PMCID: PMC8216521 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0248215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2020] [Accepted: 02/22/2021] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Nondaily smoking has been on the rise, especially in Mexico. While Mexico has strengthened its tobacco control policies, their effects on nondaily smokers have gone largely unexamined. We developed a simulation model to estimate the impact of tobacco control policies on daily and nondaily smoking in Mexico. METHODS A previously validated Mexico SimSmoke model that estimated overall trends in smoking prevalence from 2002 through 2013 was extended to 2018 and adapted to distinguish daily and nondaily smoking prevalence. The model was then validated using data from Mexican surveys through 2016. To gauge the potential effects of policies, we compared the trends in smoking under current policies with trends from policies kept at their 2002 levels. RESULTS Between 2002 and 2016, Mexico SimSmoke underestimated the reduction in male and female daily smoking rates. For nondaily smoking, SimSmoke predicted a decline among both males and females, while survey rates showed increasing rates in both genders, primarily among ages 15-44. Of the total reduction in smoking rates predicted by the model by 2018, tax policies account for more than 55%, followed by health warnings, cessation treatment, smoke-free air laws, and tobacco control spending. CONCLUSIONS Although Mexico SimSmoke did not successfully explain trends in daily and nondaily smoking, it helps to identify gaps in surveillance and policy evaluation for nondaily smokers. Future research should consider appropriate measures of nondaily smoking prevalence, trajectories between daily and nondaily smoking, and the separate impact of tobacco control policies on each group.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luz María Sánchez-Romero
- Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University, Washington, DC, United States of America
| | - Luis Zavala-Arciniega
- Tobacco Research Department, National Institute of Public Health, Cuernavaca, México
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Michigan School Public Health, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States of America
| | | | | | - Zhe Yuan
- Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University, Washington, DC, United States of America
| | - Yameng Li
- Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University, Washington, DC, United States of America
| | - Yan Kwan Lau
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Michigan School Public Health, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States of America
| | - Nancy L. Fleischer
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Michigan School Public Health, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States of America
| | - Rafael Meza
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Michigan School Public Health, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States of America
| | - James F. Thrasher
- Tobacco Research Department, National Institute of Public Health, Cuernavaca, México
- Department of Health Promotion, Education & Behavior, Arnold School of Public Health, University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina, United States of America
| | - David T. Levy
- Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University, Washington, DC, United States of America
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Sakuma KLK, Pierce JP, Fagan P, Nguyen-Grozavu FT, Leas EC, Messer K, White MM, Tieu AS, Trinidad DR. Racial/Ethnic Disparities Across Indicators of Cigarette Smoking in the Era of Increased Tobacco Control, 1992-2019. Nicotine Tob Res 2021; 23:909-919. [PMID: 33196799 PMCID: PMC8522466 DOI: 10.1093/ntr/ntaa231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2020] [Accepted: 11/11/2020] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION This study compared tobacco use and cessation for African Americans (AA), Asians/Pacific Islanders (API), Hispanics/Latinos (H/L), American Indian/Alaskan Natives (AI/AN), and non-Hispanic Whites (NHW) in the United States to California (CA), the state with the longest continually funded tobacco control program. The purpose of this study was to identify tobacco use disparities across racial/ethnic groups across time. METHODS Cigarette use prevalence (uptake and current use), consumption (mean number of cigarettes smoked per day [CPD]), and quit ratios were calculated across survey years, and trends were examined within each race/ethnic group and comparing between CA and the United States, utilizing the 1992-2019 Tobacco Use Supplements to the Current Population Survey. RESULTS Prevalence decreased for all race/ethnic groups. Current use among CA NHW showed significant decline compared with US counterparts, whereas US H/L showed greater decline than CA counterparts. CPD decreased by approximately 30% across race/ethnic groups, with CA groups having lower numbers. The greatest decrease occurred among AA in CA (average 10.3 CPD [95% confidence interval (CI): 10.3, 12.6] in 1992/1993 to 3 CPD [95% CI: 2.4, 3.7] in 2018/2019). Quit ratios increased from 1992/1993 to 2018/2019 for CA H/L 52.4% (95% CI: 49.8, 53.0) to 59.3 (95% CI: 55.8, 62.5) and CA NHWs 61.5% (95% CI: 60.7, 61.9) to 63.8% (95% CI: 63.9, 66.9). CONCLUSIONS Although overall prevalence decreased over time for each racial/ethnic group, declines in CA outpaced the United States only for NHWs. Reductions in CPD were encouraging but the quit ratio points to the need to increase tobacco control efforts toward cessation. IMPLICATIONS The successes in reduced cigarette use uptake and prevalence across time for both California and the rest of the United States were observed largely among non-Hispanic White populations. Although reductions in the number of cigarettes smoked per day are a notable success, particularly among the Californian African Americans, efforts to support quitting across racial/ethnic groups, especially marginalized groups, need to be prioritized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kari-Lyn K Sakuma
- Health Promotion and Health Behavior Program, School of Social and
Behavioral Health Sciences, College of Public Health and Human Sciences, Oregon State
University, Corvallis, OR
| | - John P Pierce
- Department of Family Medicine and Public Health, Moores Cancer
Center, University of California San Diego, La Jolla,
CA
| | - Pebbles Fagan
- Fay W. Boozman College of Public Health, University of Arkansas for
Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR
| | - France T Nguyen-Grozavu
- Department of Family Medicine and Public Health, Moores Cancer
Center, University of California San Diego, La Jolla,
CA
| | - Eric C Leas
- Division of Health Policy, Department of Family Medicine and Public
Health, University of California San Diego, La Jolla,
CA
| | - Karen Messer
- Department of Family Medicine and Public Health, Moores Cancer
Center, University of California San Diego, La Jolla,
CA
| | - Martha M White
- Department of Family Medicine and Public Health, Moores Cancer
Center, University of California San Diego, La Jolla,
CA
| | - Amanda S Tieu
- Department of Family Medicine and Public Health, Moores Cancer
Center, University of California San Diego, La Jolla,
CA
| | - Dennis R Trinidad
- Department of Family Medicine and Public Health, Moores Cancer
Center, University of California San Diego, La Jolla,
CA
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11
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Mills SD, Hao Y, Elliott AM, Wiesen CA. State-Level Patterns and Trends in Cigarette Smoking Across Racial and Ethnic Groups in the United States, 2011-2018. Prev Chronic Dis 2021; 18:E44. [PMID: 33964122 PMCID: PMC8139454 DOI: 10.5888/pcd18.200507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Reducing racial/ethnic disparities in smoking is a priority for state tobacco control programs. We investigated disparities in cigarette use by race/ethnicity, as well as trends in cigarette use across racial/ethnic groups from 2011 to 2018 in 50 US states and the District of Columbia. METHODS We used data from the Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System. In each state, smoking prevalence and corresponding 95% CIs were estimated for each racial/ethnic group in 2011, 2014, and 2018. We used logistic regression models to examine state-specific linear and quadratic time trends in smoking prevalence from 2011 to 2018. RESULTS Racial/ethnic disparities in smoking prevalence varied across states. From 2011 to 2018, compared with White adults, the odds of smoking were lower among Black adults in 14 states (odds ratio [OR] range, 0.58-0.91) and were higher in 9 states (OR range, 1.10-1.98); no differences were found in the odds of smoking in 13 states. Compared with White adults, the odds of smoking were lower among Hispanic adults in most states (OR range, 0.33-0.84) and were typically higher among Other adults (OR range, 1.19-2.44). Significant interactions between year and race/ethnicity were found in 4 states, indicating that time trends varied across racial/ethnic groups. In states with differential time trends, the decline in the odds of smoking was typically greater among Black, Hispanic, and Other adults compared with White adults. CONCLUSION Some progress in reducing racial/ethnic disparities in smoking has been made, but additional efforts are needed to eliminate racial/ethnic disparities in smoking.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah D Mills
- Department of Health Behavior, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, 305 Rosenau Hall CB#7440, Chapel Hill, NC 27549.
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - Yajing Hao
- Department of Biostatistics, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - Alison M Elliott
- Department of Health Behavior, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - Christopher A Wiesen
- Odum Institute, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
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12
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Meredith LR, Baskerville WA, Friedman TC, Hurley B, Dixon T, Mtume N, Rodriguez L, Lopez B, Hsieh S, Ray LA. Safety Net Provider Attitudes Toward Smoking Cessation Treatment. Front Psychiatry 2021; 12:744816. [PMID: 34650457 PMCID: PMC8505698 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2021.744816] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2021] [Accepted: 09/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Cigarette smoking, which poses significant health risks, is prevalent among vulnerable populations commonly treated by safety net providers. A large-scale implementation science project on specialty tobacco use treatment was launched within the Los Angeles County Health Agency. The first phase of this study seeks to summarize and compare smoking cessation treatment attitudes of providers at the Department of Health Services (DHS) and Department of Mental Health (DMH). Methods: In total, 467 safety net health care providers (DHS = 322; DMH = 145) completed a survey inquiring about attitudes on smoking cessation treatment consisting of locally developed items and those informed by a scale on readiness for organizational change. Descriptive statistics and non-parametric tests were conducted to examine treatment attitudes for DHS and DMH providers. Results: Between agencies, providers largely reported similar attitudes on smoking cessation treatment and expressed positive beliefs regarding the efficacy of smoking cessation aids. Providers slightly or moderately agreed with being prepared to identify and diagnose tobacco use among patients. DMH providers stated that identification of tobacco use was less in line with their job responsibilities (p < 0.0001) and less strongly agreed that varenicline is effective for smoking cessation (p = 0.003), compared with DHS providers. Conclusions: Providers supported smoking cessation aid efficacy but may benefit from additional training on identification and treatment of tobacco use. These findings support the implementation of specialty tobacco cessation treatment programs with training on medications in safety net health care systems, which has the potential to yield large-scale public health benefits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lindsay R Meredith
- Department of Psychology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Wave-Ananda Baskerville
- Department of Psychology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Theodore C Friedman
- Department of Internal Medicine, Charles R. Drew University, Los Angeles, CA, United States.,Los Angeles County Department of Health Services, Los Angeles, CA, United States.,Friends Research Institute, Cerritos, CA, United States
| | - Brian Hurley
- Los Angeles County Department of Health Services, Los Angeles, CA, United States.,Friends Research Institute, Cerritos, CA, United States
| | - Tasha Dixon
- Friends Research Institute, Cerritos, CA, United States
| | - Norma Mtume
- Friends Research Institute, Cerritos, CA, United States
| | - Luz Rodriguez
- Friends Research Institute, Cerritos, CA, United States
| | - Briana Lopez
- Friends Research Institute, Cerritos, CA, United States
| | - Susan Hsieh
- Los Angeles County Department of Health Services, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Lara A Ray
- Department of Psychology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States.,Brain Research Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States.,Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States
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13
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Lee EW, Bekalu MA, McCloud R, Vallone D, Arya M, Osgood N, Li X, Minsky S, Viswanath K. The Potential of Smartphone Apps in Informing Protobacco and Antitobacco Messaging Efforts Among Underserved Communities: Longitudinal Observational Study. J Med Internet Res 2020; 22:e17451. [PMID: 32673252 PMCID: PMC7381035 DOI: 10.2196/17451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2019] [Revised: 03/20/2020] [Accepted: 03/21/2020] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Background People from underserved communities such as those from lower socioeconomic positions or racial and ethnic minority groups are often disproportionately targeted by the tobacco industry, through the relatively high levels of tobacco retail outlets (TROs) located in their neighborhood or protobacco marketing and promotional strategies. It is difficult to capture the smoking behaviors of individuals in actual locations as well as the extent of exposure to tobacco promotional efforts. With the high ownership of smartphones in the United States—when used alongside data sources on TRO locations—apps could potentially improve tobacco control efforts. Health apps could be used to assess individual-level exposure to tobacco marketing, particularly in relation to the locations of TROs as well as locations where they were most likely to smoke. To date, it remains unclear how health apps could be used practically by health promotion organizations to better reach underserved communities in their tobacco control efforts. Objective This study aimed to demonstrate how smartphone apps could augment existing data on locations of TROs within underserved communities in Massachusetts and Texas to help inform tobacco control efforts. Methods Data for this study were collected from 2 sources: (1) geolocations of TROs from the North American Industry Classification System 2016 and (2) 95 participants (aged 18 to 34 years) from underserved communities who resided in Massachusetts and Texas and took part in an 8-week study using location tracking on their smartphones. We analyzed the data using spatial autocorrelation, optimized hot spot analysis, and fitted power-law distribution to identify the TROs that attracted the most human traffic using mobility data. Results Participants reported encountering protobacco messages mostly from store signs and displays and antitobacco messages predominantly through television. In Massachusetts, clusters of TROs (Dorchester Center and Jamaica Plain) and reported smoking behaviors (Dorchester Center, Roxbury Crossing, Lawrence) were found in economically disadvantaged neighborhoods. Despite the widespread distribution of TROs throughout the communities, participants overwhelmingly visited a relatively small number of TROs in Roxbury and Methuen. In Texas, clusters of TROs (Spring, Jersey Village, Bunker Hill Village, Sugar Land, and Missouri City) were found primarily in Houston, whereas clusters of reported smoking behaviors were concentrated in West University Place, Aldine, Jersey Village, Spring, and Baytown. Conclusions Smartphone apps could be used to pair geolocation data with self-reported smoking behavior in order to gain a better understanding of how tobacco product marketing and promotion influence smoking behavior within vulnerable communities. Public health officials could take advantage of smartphone data collection capabilities to implement targeted tobacco control efforts in these strategic locations to reach underserved communities in their built environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edmund Wj Lee
- Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, United States.,Harvard TH Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, United States.,Wee Kim Wee School of Communication and Information, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Mesfin Awoke Bekalu
- Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, United States.,Harvard TH Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Rachel McCloud
- Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, United States.,Harvard TH Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Donna Vallone
- Schroeder Institute, Truth Initiative, Washington, DC, United States.,College of Global Public Health, New York University, New York, NY, United States.,Department of Health, Behavior and Society, Johns Hopkins University Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Monisha Arya
- Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, United States.,Center for Innovation in Quality, Effectiveness and Safety, Michael E DeBakey VA Medical Center, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Nathaniel Osgood
- Department of Computer Science, College of Arts and Science, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada
| | - Xiaoyan Li
- Department of Computer Science, College of Arts and Science, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada
| | - Sara Minsky
- Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Kasisomayajula Viswanath
- Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, United States.,Harvard TH Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, United States
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14
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Alboksmaty A, Agaku IT, Odani S, Filippidis FT. Prevalence and determinants of cigarette smoking relapse among US adult smokers: a longitudinal study. BMJ Open 2019; 9:e031676. [PMID: 31772095 PMCID: PMC6886963 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2019-031676] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This research project aims at estimating the prevalence of cigarette smoking relapse and determining its predictors among adult former smokers in the USA. SETTING This research analysed secondary data retrieved from the Tobacco Use Supplement-Current Population Survey 2010-2011 cohort in the USA. PARTICIPANTS Out of 18 499 participants who responded to the survey in 2010 and 2011, the analysis included a total sample size of 3258 ever smokers, who were living in the USA and reported quitting smoking in 2010. The survey's respondents who never smoked or reported current smoking in 2010 were excluded from the study sample. PRIMARY AND SECONDARY OUTCOME MEASURES Smoking relapse was defined as picking up smoking in 2011 after reporting smoking abstinence in 2010. The prevalence of relapse over the 12-month follow-up period was estimated among different subgroups. Multivariable logistic regression models were applied to determine factors associated with relapse. RESULTS A total of 184 former smokers reported smoking relapse by 2011 (weighted prevalence 6.8%; 95% CI 5.7% to 8.1%). Prevalence and odds of relapse were higher among young people compared with elders. Former smokers living in smoke-free homes (SFHs) had 60% lower odds of relapse compared with those living in homes that allowed smoking inside (adjusted OR 0.40; 95% CI 0.25 to 0.64). Regarding race/ethnicity, only Hispanics showed significantly higher odds of relapse compared with Whites (non-Hispanics). Odds of relapse were higher among never married, widowed, divorced and separated individuals, compared with the married group. Continuous smoking cessation for 6 months or more significantly decreased odds of relapse. CONCLUSIONS Wider health determinants, such as race and age, but also living in SFHs showed significant associations with smoking relapse, which could inform the development of more targeted programmes to support those smokers who successfully quit, although further longitudinal studies are required to confirm our findings.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Israel Terungwa Agaku
- Office of Smoking and Health, National Centre for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, CDC, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Satomi Odani
- Office of smoking and health, National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, CDC, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Filippos T Filippidis
- Department of Primary Care and Public Health, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, UK
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15
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Sakuma KLK, Dolcini MM, Seifert J, Bean MM, Fagan P, Wilson M, Felicitas-Perkins JQ, Blanco L, Trinidad DR. Hookah and Electronic Inhalant Device Use and Perceptions Among African American Youth and Young Adults: Are We Asking the Right Questions? HEALTH EDUCATION & BEHAVIOR 2019; 47:391-401. [PMID: 31595788 PMCID: PMC10406164 DOI: 10.1177/1090198119876977] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Objectives. Survey items used in surveillance systems to assess the use of emerging products like hookah and electronic inhalant devices (EIDs) may not match definitions used by high-risk populations. This qualitative study explored how African American youth and young adults (YYAs) (1) use hookah and EIDs and (2) identify patterns in the ways they describe and organize these products. Design. Individual in-person interviews were conducted among a sample of continuation high school and vocational school students in southern California. Participation was limited to those who had ever tried at least one tobacco product, self-identified as African American, and were between the ages of 14 and 26 years (n = 28). We conducted a content analysis to identify patterns in perceptions and use of these products. Results. African American YYAs recognized and described traditional hookah based on physical attributes, but for EIDs, including e-cigarettes, e-hookah, and vape pens, YYAs focused on reasons for using the product. Three primary categories emerged for reasons YYA used specific products: nicotine content and quitting, social facilitation, and use with marijuana. E-cigarettes were identified as quitting aids and as having nicotine but were not considered addictive. The term hookah recalled both the traditional and electronic pen-type products for YYAs. The terms vapes, hookah, wax pens, and others are used in the context of describing product use with marijuana. Conclusions. A better understanding of why African American YYAs use these products is needed to develop better measures for accurate rates of use, uncover differences in use between product types, and to develop effective prevention messaging.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Pebbles Fagan
- University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, USA
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16
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Wang XM, Wu C, Golden AR, Le C. Ethnic disparities in prevalence and patterns of smoking and nicotine dependence in rural southwest China: a cross-sectional study. BMJ Open 2019; 9:e028770. [PMID: 31542742 PMCID: PMC6756462 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2018-028770] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2018] [Revised: 08/01/2019] [Accepted: 09/03/2019] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This study examines ethnic disparities in prevalence and patterns of smoking and nicotine dependence in rural southwest China. DESIGN This was a cross-sectional design. SETTING This study was conducted in rural Yunnan Province of China. PARTICIPANTS 7027 consenting individuals aged ≥35 years among Han majority and four ethnic minority groups (Na Xi, Li Shu, Dai and Jing Po) participated in this study. Information about participants' demographic characteristics as well as smoking habits and an assessment of nicotine dependence with the Fagerstrom Test for Nicotine Dependence (FTND) was obtained using a standard questionnaire. RESULTS Males had significantly higher prevalence of current smoking than females (64.8% and 44.4%, p<0.01). Among current smokers, the prevalence of nicotine dependence was significantly higher in males compared with females (19.9% and 7.1%, p<0.01). Jing Po men and women had the highest prevalence of current smokers (72.2% vs 23.1%, p<0.01), whereas the highest prevalence of nicotine dependence was found in male Dai current smokers and female Li Shu current smokers (44.8% vs 32.5%, p<0.01). Filtered cigarettes were the most popular form of tobacco used across all five ethnic groups. Over 75% of tobacco users initiated smoking and regularly smoked during adolescence, and those of minority ethnicity smoked regularly at a younger age than those of Han descent (p<0.05). Individuals in all five ethnic groups with higher levels of education had a lower probability of current smoking status (p<0.05), whereas a negative association of level of education with nicotine dependence was only observed in current smokers in the Han majority and Dai ethnic minority groups. Among Han majority current smokers, higher annual household income was associated with a higher risk of nicotine dependence (p<0.05). CONCLUSION Future interventions to control tobacco use should be tailored to address ethnicity and socioeconomic factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xu-Ming Wang
- School of Public Health, Kunming Medical University in Kunming, Kunming, China
| | - Chao Wu
- School of Public Health, Kunming Medical University in Kunming, Kunming, China
| | | | - Cai Le
- School of Public Health, Kunming Medical University in Kunming, Kunming, China
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17
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Economic Impact of Financial Incentives and Mailing Nicotine Patches to Help Medicaid Smokers Quit Smoking: A Cost-Benefit Analysis. Am J Prev Med 2018; 55:S148-S158. [PMID: 30454669 DOI: 10.1016/j.amepre.2018.08.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2018] [Revised: 05/05/2018] [Accepted: 08/02/2018] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
An RCT designed to increase Medicaid smokers' quitting success was conducted in California during 2012-2013. In the trial, alternative cessation treatment strategies were embedded in the state's ongoing quitline services. It found that modest financial incentives of up to $60 per participant and sending nicotine patches induced significantly higher cessation rates compared with usual care alone and usual care plus nicotine patches. Building upon that study, this study assessed potential population-level costs and benefits of integrating financial incentives and nicotine patches in a quitline setting for Medicaid smokers. A cost-benefit analysis was undertaken from the Medicaid program's perspective. The Cardiovascular Disease Policy Model was used to simulate future healthcare expenditures over a 10-year horizon for each treatment strategy for a study cohort of California Medicaid enrollees who were aged 35-64 years in 2014 (n=2,452,000). To simulate potential population-level benefits under each treatment strategy, each treatment was applied to all active smokers in the study cohort (n=478,300). Sensitivity analyses were conducted by varying key parameters, such as cessation costs, discount rate, relapse rates, and time horizon. Adding both financial incentives and nicotine patches to usual quitline care would result in $15 million net savings over 10 years, with a benefit-cost ratio of 1.30 compared with the usual care plus nicotine patches strategy. It would yield $44 million net savings, with a benefit-cost ratio of 1.90 compared with usual care alone. The strategy of providing financial incentives and mailing nicotine patches directly to Medicaid smokers who call the quitline is cost saving. SUPPLEMENT INFORMATION: This article is part of a supplement entitled Advancing Smoking Cessation in California's Medicaid Population, which is sponsored by the California Department of Public Health.
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18
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Felicitas-Perkins JQ, Sakuma KLK, Blanco L, Fagan P, Pérez-Stable EJ, Bostean G, Xie B, Trinidad DR. Smoking Among Hispanic/Latino Nationality Groups and Whites, Comparisons Between California and the United States. Nicotine Tob Res 2018; 20:1085-1094. [PMID: 29059350 PMCID: PMC6093426 DOI: 10.1093/ntr/ntx191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2016] [Accepted: 08/25/2017] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
Abstract
Introduction Although California is home to the largest Hispanic/Latino population, few studies have compared smoking behavior trends of Hispanic/Latino nationality groups in California to the remaining United States, which may identify the impact of the states antitobacco efforts on these groups. This study compared smoking status, frequency, and intensity among Mexican Americans, Central/South Americans, and non-Hispanic Whites in California to the remaining United States in the 1990s and 2000s. Methods Data were analyzed using the 1992-2011 Current Population Survey Tobacco Use Supplement to report the estimated prevalence of smoking status, frequency, and intensity by decade, race/ethnicity, and state residence. Weighted logistic regression explored sociodemographic factors associated with never and heavy smoking (≥20 cigarettes per day). Results There were absolute overall increases from 6.8% to 9.6% in never smoking across all groups. Compared to the remaining United States, there was a greater decrease in heavy smoking among Mexican American current smokers in California (5.1%) and a greater increase in light and intermittent smokers among Central/South American current smokers in California (9.3%) between decades. Compared to those living in the remaining United States, smokers living in California had lower odds of heavy smoking (1990s: odds ratio [OR] = 0.64, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.62, 0.66; 2000s: 0.54, 95% CI = 0.52, 0.55). Conclusions California state residence significantly impacted smoking behaviors as indicated by significant differences in smoking intensity between California and the remaining United States among Hispanic/Latino nationality groups. Understanding smoking behaviors across Hispanic/Latino nationality groups in California and the United States can inform tobacco control and smoking prevention strategies for these groups. Implications The present study explored the differences in smoking behaviors between Whites, Mexican Americans, and Central South/Americans living in California versus the rest of the United States in the 1990s and the 2000s. The results contribute to our current knowledge as there have been minimal efforts to provide disaggregated cigarette consumption information among Hispanic/Latino nationality groups. Additionally, by comparing cigarette consumption between those in California and the remaining United States, our data may provide insight into the impact of California's antitobacco efforts in reaching Hispanic/Latino subpopulations relative to the remaining US states, many of which have had less tobacco control policy implementation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Kari-Lyn K Sakuma
- College of Public Health and Human Sciences, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR
| | - Lyzette Blanco
- School of Community and Global Health, Claremont Graduate University, Claremont, CA
- Lyzette Blanco is now at Touro University Worldwide, Los Alamitos, CA, USA
| | - Pebbles Fagan
- Cancer Center, University of Hawaii, Honolulu, HI
- Pebbles Fagan is now at College of Public Health, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, USA
| | - Eliseo J Pérez-Stable
- National Institute on Minority Health and Health Disparities, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
| | - Georgiana Bostean
- Department of Sociology and Environmental Science & Policy, Chapman University, Orange, CA
| | - Bin Xie
- School of Community and Global Health, Claremont Graduate University, Claremont, CA
| | - Dennis R Trinidad
- Department of Family Medicine and Public Health, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA
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19
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Lipperman-Kreda S, Antin TM, Hunt GP. The Role of Multiple Social Identities in Discrimination and Perceived Smoking-Related Stigma among Sexual and Gender Minority Current or Former Smokers. DRUGS (ABINGDON, ENGLAND) 2018; 26:475-483. [PMID: 34262244 PMCID: PMC8276780 DOI: 10.1080/09687637.2018.1490391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2017] [Revised: 06/08/2018] [Accepted: 06/11/2018] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
AIMS We investigated how intersections of being a racial minority (i.e. being African American) and economically-disadvantaged (i.e. housing insecurity) may influence experiences with discrimination and perceptions of smoking-related stigma among sexual and gender minority (SGM) current and former smokers. Methods: Survey data were collected from 227 SGM current and former smokers in California (19-65 years old), oversampling African American participants. Participants reported their race, ethnicity, past month housing insecurity, number of lifetime experiences with SGM discrimination, and perceptions of smoking-related stigma. FINDINGS Using univariate General Linear Models and controlling for age, ethnicity, and SGM visibility, we found a significant interaction between being African American and facing housing insecurity on experiences with SGM discrimination [F(1,220)=7.21, p=0.01], perceived smoker stigma [F(1,220)=5.48, p=0.02], perceived differential treatment due to smoking [F(1,220)=10.03, p=0.00], and social withdrawal from non-smokers [F(1,220)=6.18, p=0.01]. These interactions suggest that economically-disadvantaged African American SGM current or former smokers experience increased levels of discrimination and perceive more smoking-related stigma compared to other SGM current and former smokers. Conclusions: Results suggest that people's multiple identities intersect to intensify oppression and inequities for some people and raise questions about the unintended consequences of stigmatizing smokers for reducing smoking among SGM adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sharon Lipperman-Kreda
- Prevention Research Center, Pacific Institute for Research and Evaluation 180 Grand Avenue, Suite 1200, Oakland, CA 94612
| | - Tamar M.J Antin
- Prevention Research Center, Pacific Institute for Research and Evaluation 180 Grand Avenue, Suite 1200, Oakland, CA 94612
- Institute for Scientific Analysis 1150 Ballena Blvd, Suite 211, Alameda, CA 94501
| | - Geoffrey P. Hunt
- Institute for Scientific Analysis 1150 Ballena Blvd, Suite 211, Alameda, CA 94501
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20
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Pérez‐Morales R, González‐Zamora A, González‐Delgado MF, Calleros Rincón EY, Olivas Calderón EH, Martínez‐Ramírez OC, Rubio J. CHRNA3
rs1051730 and
CHRNA5
rs16969968 polymorphisms are associated with heavy smoking, lung cancer, and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease in a mexican population. Ann Hum Genet 2018; 82:415-424. [DOI: 10.1111/ahg.12264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2018] [Revised: 06/01/2018] [Accepted: 06/05/2018] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Rebeca Pérez‐Morales
- Laboratorio de Biología Celulary Molecular Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Juárez del Estado de Durango Durango México
| | - Alberto González‐Zamora
- Laboratorio de Biología Evolutiva. Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas Universidad Juárez del Estado de Durango Durango México
| | - María Fernanda González‐Delgado
- Laboratorio de Biología Celulary Molecular Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Juárez del Estado de Durango Durango México
| | - Esperanza Y. Calleros Rincón
- Laboratorio de Biología Celulary Molecular Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Juárez del Estado de Durango Durango México
| | - Edgar H. Olivas Calderón
- Laboratorio de Biología Celulary Molecular Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Juárez del Estado de Durango Durango México
| | | | - Julieta Rubio
- Departamento de Medicina Genómica y Toxicología Ambiental Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México Ciudad de México México
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21
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Pulvers K, Cupertino AP, Scheuermann TS, Sanderson Cox L, Ho YY, Nollen NL, Cuellar R, Ahluwalia JS. Daily and Nondaily Smoking Varies by Acculturation among English-Speaking, US Latino Men and Women. Ethn Dis 2018; 28:105-114. [PMID: 29725195 DOI: 10.18865/ed.28.2.105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Higher smoking prevalence and quantity (cigarettes per day) has been linked to acculturation in the United States among Latinas, but not Latino men. Our study examines variation between a different and increasingly important target behavior, smoking level (nondaily vs daily) and acculturation by sex. Methods An online English-language survey was administered to 786 Latino smokers during July through August 2012. The Brief Acculturation Rating Scale for Mexican Americans-II (ARSMA-II) and other acculturation markers were used. Multinomial logistic regression models were implemented to assess the association between smoking levels (nondaily, light daily, and moderate/heavy daily) with acculturation markers. Results Greater ARMSA-II scores (relative risk ratio, RRR=.81, 95% CI: .72-.91) and being born inside the United States (RRR=.42, 95% CI: .24-.74) were associated with lower relative risk of nondaily smoking. Greater Latino orientation (RRR=1.29, 95% CI: 1.11-1.48) and preference for Spanish language (RRR=1.06, 95% CI: 1.02-1.10) and media (RRR=1.12, 95% CI: 1.05-1.20) were associated with higher relative risk of nondaily smoking. The relationship between acculturation and smoking level did not differ by sex. Conclusion This study found that among both male and female, English-speaking Latino smokers, nondaily smoking was associated with lower acculturation, while daily smoking was linked with higher acculturation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kim Pulvers
- Department of Psychology, California State University San Marcos, San Marcos, CA
| | - A Paula Cupertino
- Center for Cancer Disparities, Hackensack Meridian Health, Hackensack, NJ
| | - Taneisha S Scheuermann
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, University of Kansas School of Medicine, Kansas City, KS
| | - Lisa Sanderson Cox
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, University of Kansas School of Medicine, Kansas City, KS
| | - Yen-Yi Ho
- Department of Statistics, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC
| | - Nicole L Nollen
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, University of Kansas School of Medicine, Kansas City, KS
| | - Ruby Cuellar
- Department of Psychology, California State University San Marcos, San Marcos, CA
| | - Jasjit S Ahluwalia
- Department of Behavioral and Social Sciences, Brown University School of Public Health, Providence, RI
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