1
|
Westcott F, Dearlove DJ, Hodson L. Hepatic fatty acid and glucose handling in metabolic disease: Potential impact on cardiovascular disease risk. Atherosclerosis 2024; 394:117237. [PMID: 37633797 DOI: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2023.117237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2023] [Revised: 08/09/2023] [Accepted: 08/10/2023] [Indexed: 08/28/2023]
Abstract
The prevalence of metabolic diseases, including type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD) is increasing. Although invariably associated with obesity, the importance of fat deposition in non-adipose tissue organs has yet to be fully explored. Pathological ectopic fat deposition within the liver (known as (MASLD)) has been suggested to underlie the development of T2DM and is now emerging as an independent risk factor for cardiovascular disease (CVD). The process of hepatic de novo lipogenesis (DNL), that is the synthesis of fatty acids from non-lipid precursors (e.g. glucose), has received much attention as it sits at the intersect of hepatic glucose and fatty acid handling. An upregulation of the DNL pathway has been suggested to be central in the development of metabolic diseases (including MASLD, insulin resistance, and T2DM). Here we review the evidence to determine if hepatic DNL may play a role in the development of MASLD and T2DM and therefore underlie an increased risk of CVD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Felix Westcott
- Oxford Centre for Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, University of Oxford, UK
| | - David J Dearlove
- Oxford Centre for Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, University of Oxford, UK
| | - Leanne Hodson
- Oxford Centre for Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, University of Oxford, UK; Oxford NIHR Biomedical Research Centre, Churchill Hospital, Oxford, UK.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Bianchetti G, Cefalo CMA, Ferreri C, Sansone A, Vitale M, Serantoni C, Abeltino A, Mezza T, Ferraro PM, De Spirito M, Riccardi G, Giaccari A, Maulucci G. Erythrocyte membrane fluidity: A novel biomarker of residual cardiovascular risk in type 2 diabetes. Eur J Clin Invest 2024; 54:e14121. [PMID: 37929812 DOI: 10.1111/eci.14121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2023] [Revised: 10/18/2023] [Accepted: 10/21/2023] [Indexed: 11/07/2023]
Abstract
AIMS Improving the composition of circulating fatty acids (FA) leads to a reduction in cardiovascular diseases (CVD) in high-risk individuals. The membrane fluidity of red blood cells (RBC), which reflects circulating FA status, may be a valid biomarker of cardiovascular (CV) risk in type 2 diabetes (T2D). METHODS Red blood cell membrane fluidity, quantified as general polarization (GP), was assessed in 234 subjects with T2D, 86 with prior major CVD. Based on GP distribution, a cut-off of .445 was used to divide the study cohort into two groups: the first with higher GP, called GEL, and the second, defined as lower GP (LGP). Lipidomic analysis was performed to evaluate FA composition of RBC membranes. RESULTS Although with comparable CV risk factors, the LGP group had a greater percentage of patients with major CVD than the GEL group (40% vs 24%, respectively, p < .05). Moreover, in a logistic regression analysis, a lower GP value was independently associated with the presence of macrovascular complications. Lipidomic analysis showed a clear shift of LGP membranes towards a pro-inflammatory condition due to higher content of arachidonic acid and increased omega 6/omega 3 index. CONCLUSIONS Increased membrane fluidity is associated with a higher CV risk in subjects with T2D. If confirmed in prospective studies, membrane fluidity could be a new biomarker for residual CV risk assessment in T2D.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Giada Bianchetti
- Department of Neurosciences, Biophysics Section, Catholic University of the Sacred Heart, Rome, Italy
- Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Chiara Maria Assunta Cefalo
- Department of Translational Medicine and Surgery, Catholic University of the Sacred Heart, Rome, Italy
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Center for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Carla Ferreri
- CNR ISOF, National Research Council, ISOF, Bologna, Italy
| | - Anna Sansone
- CNR ISOF, National Research Council, ISOF, Bologna, Italy
| | - Marilena Vitale
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Cassandra Serantoni
- Department of Neurosciences, Biophysics Section, Catholic University of the Sacred Heart, Rome, Italy
- Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Alessio Abeltino
- Department of Neurosciences, Biophysics Section, Catholic University of the Sacred Heart, Rome, Italy
- Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Teresa Mezza
- Department of Translational Medicine and Surgery, Catholic University of the Sacred Heart, Rome, Italy
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Center for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Pietro Manuel Ferraro
- Unit of Nephrology, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Marco De Spirito
- Department of Neurosciences, Biophysics Section, Catholic University of the Sacred Heart, Rome, Italy
- Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Gabriele Riccardi
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Andrea Giaccari
- Department of Translational Medicine and Surgery, Catholic University of the Sacred Heart, Rome, Italy
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Center for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Maulucci
- Department of Neurosciences, Biophysics Section, Catholic University of the Sacred Heart, Rome, Italy
- Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Palmgren H, Petkevicius K, Bartesaghi S, Ahnmark A, Ruiz M, Nilsson R, Löfgren L, Glover MS, Andréasson AC, Andersson L, Becquart C, Kurczy M, Kull B, Wallin S, Karlsson D, Hess S, Maresca M, Bohlooly-Y M, Peng XR, Pilon M. Elevated Adipocyte Membrane Phospholipid Saturation Does Not Compromise Insulin Signaling. Diabetes 2023; 72:1350-1363. [PMID: 36580483 PMCID: PMC10545576 DOI: 10.2337/db22-0293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2022] [Accepted: 12/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Increased saturated fatty acid (SFA) levels in membrane phospholipids have been implicated in the development of metabolic disease. Here, we tested the hypothesis that increased SFA content in cell membranes negatively impacts adipocyte insulin signaling. Preadipocyte cell models with elevated SFA levels in phospholipids were generated by disrupting the ADIPOR2 locus, which resulted in a striking twofold increase in SFA-containing phosphatidylcholines and phosphatidylethanolamines, which persisted in differentiated adipocytes. Similar changes in phospholipid composition were observed in white adipose tissues isolated from the ADIPOR2-knockout mice. The SFA levels in phospholipids could be further increased by treating ADIPOR2-deficient cells with palmitic acid and resulted in reduced membrane fluidity and endoplasmic reticulum stress in mouse and human preadipocytes. Strikingly, increased SFA levels in differentiated adipocyte phospholipids had no effect on adipocyte gene expression or insulin signaling in vitro. Similarly, increased adipocyte phospholipid saturation did not impair white adipose tissue function in vivo, even in mice fed a high-saturated fat diet at thermoneutrality. We conclude that increasing SFA levels in adipocyte phospholipids is well tolerated and does not affect adipocyte insulin signaling in vitro and in vivo.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Henrik Palmgren
- Bioscience Metabolism, Research and Early Development, Cardiovascular, Renal and Metabolism, BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Kasparas Petkevicius
- Bioscience Metabolism, Research and Early Development, Cardiovascular, Renal and Metabolism, BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Stefano Bartesaghi
- Translational Science and Experimental Medicine, Research and Early Development, Cardiovascular, Renal and Metabolism, BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Andrea Ahnmark
- Bioscience Metabolism, Research and Early Development, Cardiovascular, Renal and Metabolism, BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Mario Ruiz
- Department of Chemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Ralf Nilsson
- Translational Science and Experimental Medicine, Research and Early Development, Cardiovascular, Renal and Metabolism, BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Lars Löfgren
- Translational Science and Experimental Medicine, Research and Early Development, Cardiovascular, Renal and Metabolism, BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Matthew S. Glover
- Dynamic Omics, Centre for Genomics Research, Discovery Sciences, BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Gaithersburg, MD
| | - Anne-Christine Andréasson
- Bioscience Cardiovascular, Research and Early Development, Cardiovascular, Renal and Metabolism, BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Liselotte Andersson
- Animal Science & Technologies, Clinical Pharmacology & Safety Sciences, BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Cécile Becquart
- Department of Chemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
- Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, Research and Early Development, Cardiovascular, Renal and Metabolism, BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Michael Kurczy
- Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, Research and Early Development, Cardiovascular, Renal and Metabolism, BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Bengt Kull
- Bioscience Cardiovascular, Research and Early Development, Cardiovascular, Renal and Metabolism, BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Simonetta Wallin
- Bioscience Metabolism, Research and Early Development, Cardiovascular, Renal and Metabolism, BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Daniel Karlsson
- Bioscience Metabolism, Research and Early Development, Cardiovascular, Renal and Metabolism, BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Sonja Hess
- Dynamic Omics, Centre for Genomics Research, Discovery Sciences, BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Gaithersburg, MD
| | - Marcello Maresca
- Discovery Sciences, BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | | | - Xiao-Rong Peng
- Bioscience Metabolism, Research and Early Development, Cardiovascular, Renal and Metabolism, BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Marc Pilon
- Department of Chemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Griffith TA, Russell JS, Naghipour S, Helman TJ, Peart JN, Stapelberg NJ, Headrick JP, Du Toit EF. Behavioural disruption in diabetic mice: Neurobiological correlates and influences of dietary α-linolenic acid. Life Sci 2022; 311:121137. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2022.121137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2022] [Revised: 10/17/2022] [Accepted: 10/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
|
5
|
Baiges-Gaya G, Rodríguez-Tomàs E, Castañé H, Jiménez-Franco A, Amigó N, Camps J, Joven J. Combining Dietary Intervention with Metformin Treatment Enhances Non-Alcoholic Steatohepatitis Remission in Mice Fed a High-Fat High-Sucrose Diet. Biomolecules 2022; 12:biom12121787. [PMID: 36551216 PMCID: PMC9775246 DOI: 10.3390/biom12121787] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2022] [Revised: 11/23/2022] [Accepted: 11/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) are serious health concerns for which lifestyle interventions are the only effective first-line treatment. Dietary interventions are effective in body weight reduction, but not in improving insulin sensitivity and hepatic lipid mobilization. Conversely, metformin increases insulin sensitivity and promotes the inhibition of de novo hepatic lipogenesis. In this study, we evaluated the metformin effectiveness in NASH prevention and treatment, when combined with dietary intervention in male mice fed a high-fat high-sucrose diet (HFHSD). Eighty 5-week-old C57BL/6J male mice were fed a chow or HFHSD diet and sacrificed at 20 or 40 weeks. The HFHSD-fed mice developed NASH after 20 weeks. Lipoprotein and lipidomic analyses showed that the changes associated with diet were not prevented by metformin administration. HFHSD-fed mice subject to dietary intervention combined with metformin showed a 19.6% body weight reduction compared to 9.8% in those mice subjected to dietary intervention alone. Lower hepatic steatosis scores were induced. We conclude that metformin should not be considered a preventive option for NAFLD, but it is effective in the treatment of this disorder when combined with dietary intervention.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gerard Baiges-Gaya
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, Rovira i Virgili University (URV), 43201 Reus, Spain
- Unitat de Recerca Biomèdica (URB-CRB), Hospital Universitari de Sant Joan, Institut d’Investigació Santiària Pere i Virgili (IISPV), 43201 Reus, Spain
| | - Elisabet Rodríguez-Tomàs
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, Rovira i Virgili University (URV), 43201 Reus, Spain
- Unitat de Recerca Biomèdica (URB-CRB), Hospital Universitari de Sant Joan, Institut d’Investigació Santiària Pere i Virgili (IISPV), 43201 Reus, Spain
| | - Helena Castañé
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, Rovira i Virgili University (URV), 43201 Reus, Spain
- Unitat de Recerca Biomèdica (URB-CRB), Hospital Universitari de Sant Joan, Institut d’Investigació Santiària Pere i Virgili (IISPV), 43201 Reus, Spain
| | - Andrea Jiménez-Franco
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, Rovira i Virgili University (URV), 43201 Reus, Spain
| | - Núria Amigó
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, Rovira i Virgili University (URV), 43201 Reus, Spain
- CIBER of Diabetes and Associated Metabolic Disease (CIBERDEM), ISCIII, 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Biosfer Teslab, 43201 Reus, Spain
| | - Jordi Camps
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, Rovira i Virgili University (URV), 43201 Reus, Spain
- Unitat de Recerca Biomèdica (URB-CRB), Hospital Universitari de Sant Joan, Institut d’Investigació Santiària Pere i Virgili (IISPV), 43201 Reus, Spain
- Correspondence: (J.C.); (J.J.)
| | - Jorge Joven
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, Rovira i Virgili University (URV), 43201 Reus, Spain
- Unitat de Recerca Biomèdica (URB-CRB), Hospital Universitari de Sant Joan, Institut d’Investigació Santiària Pere i Virgili (IISPV), 43201 Reus, Spain
- Campus of International Excellence Southern Catalonia, 43003 Tarragona, Spain
- Correspondence: (J.C.); (J.J.)
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Sabapathy T, Helmerhorst E, Ellison G, Bridgeman SC, Mamotte CD. High-fat diet induced alterations in plasma membrane cholesterol content impairs insulin receptor binding and signalling in mouse liver but is ameliorated by atorvastatin. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2022; 1868:166372. [PMID: 35248691 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2022.166372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2021] [Revised: 02/23/2022] [Accepted: 02/28/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
A high-fat diet (HFD) impairs insulin binding and signalling and may contribute to the development of insulin resistance. In addition, in vitro studies have shown that alterations in plasma membrane cholesterol influence ligand binding and downstream signalling for several receptor-tyrosine kinases (RTKs), including the insulin receptor. Using an ex vivo approach, we explored the effects of a HFD on insulin binding and signalling in mouse liver and relate these to observed changes in plasma membrane cholesterol. Mice fed a HFD demonstrated decreased insulin signalling compared to mice fed a normal chow diet (ND), indicated by a 3-fold decrease in insulin binding (P < 0.001) and a similar decrease in insulin receptor phosphorylation (~2.5-fold; P < 0.0001). Interestingly, we also observed a marked decrease in the cholesterol content of liver plasma membranes in the HFD fed mice (P < 0.0001). These effects of the HFD were found to be ameliorated by atorvastatin treatment (P < 0.0001). However, in ND mice, atorvastatin had no influence on membrane cholesterol content or insulin binding and signalling. The influence of membrane cholesterol on insulin binding and signalling was also corroborated in HepG2 cells. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first demonstration of the effects of a HFD and atorvastatin treatment on changes in plasma membrane cholesterol content and the consequent effects on insulin binding and signalling. Collectively, these findings suggest that changes in membrane cholesterol content could be an important underlying reason for the long-known effects of a HFD on the development of insulin resistance.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Thiru Sabapathy
- School of Medicine, Curtin University, Bentley, Western Australia 6102, Australia; Curtin Health Innovation Research Institute, Curtin University, Bentley, Western Australia 6102, Australia
| | - Erik Helmerhorst
- School of Medicine, Curtin University, Bentley, Western Australia 6102, Australia
| | - Gaewyn Ellison
- School of Medicine, Curtin University, Bentley, Western Australia 6102, Australia; Curtin Health Innovation Research Institute, Curtin University, Bentley, Western Australia 6102, Australia; School of Molecular and Life Sciences, Curtin University, Bentley, Western Australia 6102, Australia.
| | - Stephanie C Bridgeman
- School of Medicine, Curtin University, Bentley, Western Australia 6102, Australia; Curtin Health Innovation Research Institute, Curtin University, Bentley, Western Australia 6102, Australia
| | - Cyril D Mamotte
- School of Medicine, Curtin University, Bentley, Western Australia 6102, Australia; Curtin Health Innovation Research Institute, Curtin University, Bentley, Western Australia 6102, Australia.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Zapata J, Gallardo A, Romero C, Valenzuela R, Garcia-Diaz DF, Duarte L, Bustamante A, Gasaly N, Gotteland M, Echeverria F. n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids in the regulation of adipose tissue browning and thermogenesis in obesity: Potential relationship with gut microbiota. Prostaglandins Leukot Essent Fatty Acids 2022; 177:102388. [PMID: 34995899 DOI: 10.1016/j.plefa.2021.102388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2021] [Revised: 10/03/2021] [Accepted: 12/27/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Obesity is a worldwide public health problem characterized by fat tissue accumulation, favouring adipose tissue and metabolic alterations. Increasing energy expenditure (EE) through brown adipose tissue activation and white adipose tissue (WAT) browning has gained relevance as a therapeutic approach. Different bioactive compounds, such as n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA), have been shown to induce those thermogenic effects. This process is regulated by the gut microbiota as well. Nevertheless, obesity is characterized by gut microbiota dysbiosis, which can be restored by weight loss and n-3 PUFA intake, among other factors. Knowledge gap: However, the role of the gut microbiota on the n-3 PUFA effect in inducing thermogenesis in obesity has not been fully elucidated. OBJECTIVE This review aims to elucidate the potential implications of this interrelation on WAT browning adiposw sittue (BAT), BAT activity, and EE regulation in obesity models.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- J Zapata
- Escuela de Medicina, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - A Gallardo
- Escuela de Medicina, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - C Romero
- Escuela de Medicina, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - R Valenzuela
- Departamento de Nutricion, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile; Nutritional Sciences Department, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto ON, Canada
| | - D F Garcia-Diaz
- Departamento de Nutricion, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - L Duarte
- Departamento de Nutricion, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - A Bustamante
- Departamento de Nutricion, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - N Gasaly
- Departamento de Nutricion, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile; ICBM: Laboratory of Innate Immunity, Program of Immunology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Chile
| | - M Gotteland
- Departamento de Nutricion, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - F Echeverria
- Departamento de Nutricion, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile; Carrera de Nutricion y Dietetica, Departamento Ciencias de la Salud, Facultad de Medicina, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile.
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Low JHM, Toh DWK, Ng MTT, Fam J, Kua EH, Kim JE. A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of the Impact of Different Intensity of Dietary Counselling on Cardiometabolic Health in Middle-Aged and Older Adults. Nutrients 2021; 13:nu13092936. [PMID: 34578814 PMCID: PMC8469488 DOI: 10.3390/nu13092936] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2021] [Revised: 08/18/2021] [Accepted: 08/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Dietary counselling has been identified as one of the nutritional strategies to alleviate cardiometabolic health conditions. Its effectiveness however may vary due to factors such as intensity level and provider while this has not been comprehensively studied. This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to assess the effects of dietary counselling on the cardiometabolic health in middle-aged and older adults and the sub-group analyses with dietary counselling intensity and the provider were also assessed. Four databases including PubMed, CINAHL Plus with Full Text, Cochrane Library and EMBASE were systematically searched. Data from 22 randomised controlled trials (RCTs) were compiled and those from 9 RCTs were utilised for meta-analysis. Dietary counselling lowered total cholesterol (TC) and fasting blood sugar (FBS) but had no impact on triglycerides (TG) and low-density lipoprotein (LDL). Sub-group analysis revealed significant lowering effect of high intensity dietary counselling for TG (weighted mean difference (WMD): −0.24 mmol/L, 95% confidence intervals (CIs): −0.40 to −0.09), TC (WMD: −0.31 mmol/L, 95% CIs: −0.49 to −0.13), LDL (WMD: −0.39 mmol/L, 95% CIs: −0.61 to −0.16) and FBS (WMD: −0.69 mmol/L, 95% CIs: −0.99 to −0.40) while medium or low intensity dietary counselling did not show favouring effects. Counselling provider showed differential responses on cardiometabolic health between dietitian and all other groups. The findings from this systematic review and meta-analysis suggest that dietary counselling is a beneficial dietary strategy to improve cardiometabolic health in middle-aged and older adults with the emphasis on the counselling intensity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jasmine Hui Min Low
- Department of Food Science & Technology, Faculty of Science, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117543, Singapore; (J.H.M.L.); (D.W.K.T.)
| | - Darel Wee Kiat Toh
- Department of Food Science & Technology, Faculty of Science, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117543, Singapore; (J.H.M.L.); (D.W.K.T.)
| | - Magdeline Tao Tao Ng
- National University of Singapore Libraries, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117543, Singapore;
| | - Johnson Fam
- Department of Psychological Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 119228, Singapore; (J.F.); (E.H.K.)
| | - Ee Heok Kua
- Department of Psychological Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 119228, Singapore; (J.F.); (E.H.K.)
| | - Jung Eun Kim
- Department of Food Science & Technology, Faculty of Science, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117543, Singapore; (J.H.M.L.); (D.W.K.T.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +65-6516-1136
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Wei M, Zhou RL, Luo T, Deng ZY, Li J. Trans triacylglycerols from dairy products and industrial hydrogenated oil exhibit different effects on the function of human umbilical vein endothelial cells via modulating phospholipase A2/arachidonic acid metabolism pathways. J Dairy Sci 2021; 104:6399-6414. [PMID: 33773784 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2020-19715] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2020] [Accepted: 02/09/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Dairy fat intake has been considered as a risk factor for cardiovascular disease. Rodent models show that trans fatty acids in industrial hydrogenated oil and ruminant milk have different effects on cardiovascular diseases. One of the main reasons is that the distributions of trans fatty acids in triacylglycerols from dairy products and from industrial hydrogenated oil are different, which affects lipid absorption and metabolism. This study investigated the effects of 1,3-olein-2-elaidin (OEO, representing industrial hydrogenated oil triacylglycerols) and 1-vaccenic-2,3-olein (OOV, representing ruminant triacylglycerols in dairy products) on the function of human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC), including cell viability, lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) exudation rate, and nitric oxide secretory and nitric oxide synthase relative activity. We found that the detrimental effect of OEO on HUVEC was significantly greater than that of OOV. The results also showed that the absorption rate of OEO in HUVEC (78.25%) was significantly greater than that of OOV (63.32%). Mechanistically, based on phospholipidomics analysis, we found that calcium-independent phospholipase A2 (iPLA2) played a key role with regard to the OOV-mediated arachidonic acid (ARA)/COX-2/PG pathway, whereas secretory phospholipase A2 (sPLA2) and cytoplasmic phospholipase A2 (cPLA2) are responsible for the OEO-mediated ARA/COX-2/PG pathway. Moreover, OEO had a greater effect on the protein expression of COX-2 and PG secretion than OOV. In addition, iPLA2, sPLA2, and cPLA2 could mediate the ARA/CYP4A11 pathway in OOV-treated HUVEC, but only iPLA2 could mediate this pathway in HUVEC treated with OEO. We also found that sPLA2 could mediate the ARA/5-LOX pathway in HUVEC treated with OOV, but none of these 3 forms of PLA2 could mediate this pathway in HUVEC treated with OEO. On the other hand, after OOV treatment, trans-11 C18:1 was converted to beneficial forms of fatty acids in HUVEC, including conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) and trans-9 C16:1. In conclusion, we elucidated the potential mechanisms that might account for the diverse effects of triacylglycerols from industrial hydrogenated oil and ruminant milk on the function of HUVEC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Meng Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Institute for Advanced Study, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330047, China
| | - Ruo-Lin Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Institute for Advanced Study, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330047, China
| | - Ting Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Institute for Advanced Study, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330047, China
| | - Ze-Yuan Deng
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Institute for Advanced Study, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330047, China
| | - Jing Li
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Institute for Advanced Study, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330047, China.
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Racey M, MacFarlane A, Carlson SE, Stark KD, Plourde M, Field CJ, Yates AA, Wells G, Grantham A, Bazinet RP, Ma DWL. Dietary Reference Intakes based on chronic disease endpoints: outcomes from a case study workshop for omega 3's EPA and DHA. Appl Physiol Nutr Metab 2021; 46:530-539. [PMID: 33583256 DOI: 10.1139/apnm-2020-0994] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Given the focus on developing Dietary Reference Intakes (DRIs) based on chronic disease risk reduction and recent research for omega-3 long chain PUFA since the last DRI review, the Canadian Nutrition Society convened a panel of stakeholders for a 1-day workshop in late 2019. Attendees discussed the new NASEM guidelines for establishing DRI values based on chronic disease risk endpoints and the strength of current evidence for EPA and DHA as it relates to the new guidelines. Novelty: Summarizes evidence and expert opinions regarding the potential for reviewing DRI values for EPA and DHA and cardiovascular disease risk and early development.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Megan Racey
- School of Nursing, Faculty of Health Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON L8S 4L8, Canada
| | - Amanda MacFarlane
- Bureau of Nutritional Sciences, Health Canada, Ottawa, ON K1A 0K9, Canada
| | - Susan E Carlson
- Department of Dietetics and Nutrition, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS 66160, USA
| | - Ken D Stark
- Department of Kinesiology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON N2L 3G1, Canada
| | - Mélanie Plourde
- Faculté de Médecine et des Sciences de la Santé, Universitaire de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Quebec, Canada.,Centre de Recherche sur le Vieillissement, Centre Intégré Universitaire de Santé et Services Sociaux de l'Estrie-Centre Hospitalier Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Quebec, Canada
| | - Catherine J Field
- Faculty of Agricultural, Life and Environmental Sciences, Department of Agricultural, Food & Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2H5, Canada
| | - Allison A Yates
- Food and Nutrition Board, Institute of Medicine, and USDA/ARS Beltsville (retired), Johnson City, TN 37615, USA
| | - George Wells
- Department of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON K1H 8L6, Canada.,Cardiovascular Research Methods Centre, University of Ottawa Heart Institute, Ottawa, ON K1Y 4W7, Canada
| | - Andrea Grantham
- Canadian Nutrition Society, 867 La Chapelle Street, Ottawa, ON K1C 6A8, Canada
| | - Richard P Bazinet
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada
| | - David W L Ma
- Department of Human Health & Nutritional Sciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Russell JS, Griffith TA, Naghipour S, Vider J, Du Toit EF, Patel HH, Peart JN, Headrick JP. Dietary α-Linolenic Acid Counters Cardioprotective Dysfunction in Diabetic Mice: Unconventional PUFA Protection. Nutrients 2020; 12:nu12092679. [PMID: 32887376 PMCID: PMC7551050 DOI: 10.3390/nu12092679] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2020] [Revised: 08/12/2020] [Accepted: 08/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Whether dietary omega-3 (n-3) polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) confers cardiac benefit in cardiometabolic disorders is unclear. We test whether dietary -linolenic acid (ALA) enhances myocardial resistance to ischemia-reperfusion (I-R) and responses to ischemic preconditioning (IPC) in type 2 diabetes (T2D); and involvement of conventional PUFA-dependent mechanisms (caveolins/cavins, kinase signaling, mitochondrial function, and inflammation). Eight-week male C57Bl/6 mice received streptozotocin (75 mg/kg) and 21 weeks high-fat/high-carbohydrate feeding. Half received ALA over six weeks. Responses to I-R/IPC were assessed in perfused hearts. Localization and expression of caveolins/cavins, protein kinase B (AKT), and glycogen synthase kinase-3 β (GSK3β); mitochondrial function; and inflammatory mediators were assessed. ALA reduced circulating leptin, without affecting body weight, glycemic dysfunction, or cholesterol. While I-R tolerance was unaltered, paradoxical injury with IPC was reversed to cardioprotection with ALA. However, post-ischemic apoptosis (nucleosome content) appeared unchanged. Benefit was not associated with shifts in localization or expression of caveolins/cavins, p-AKT, p-GSK3β, or mitochondrial function. Despite mixed inflammatory mediator changes, tumor necrosis factor-a (TNF-a) was markedly reduced. Data collectively reveal a novel impact of ALA on cardioprotective dysfunction in T2D mice, unrelated to caveolins/cavins, mitochondrial, or stress kinase modulation. Although evidence suggests inflammatory involvement, the basis of this "un-conventional" protection remains to be identified.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jake S. Russell
- School of Medical Science, Griffith University Gold Coast, Southport QLD 4217, Australia; (J.S.R.); (T.A.G.); (S.N.); (J.V.); (E.F.D.T.); (J.N.P.)
| | - Tia A. Griffith
- School of Medical Science, Griffith University Gold Coast, Southport QLD 4217, Australia; (J.S.R.); (T.A.G.); (S.N.); (J.V.); (E.F.D.T.); (J.N.P.)
| | - Saba Naghipour
- School of Medical Science, Griffith University Gold Coast, Southport QLD 4217, Australia; (J.S.R.); (T.A.G.); (S.N.); (J.V.); (E.F.D.T.); (J.N.P.)
| | - Jelena Vider
- School of Medical Science, Griffith University Gold Coast, Southport QLD 4217, Australia; (J.S.R.); (T.A.G.); (S.N.); (J.V.); (E.F.D.T.); (J.N.P.)
| | - Eugene F. Du Toit
- School of Medical Science, Griffith University Gold Coast, Southport QLD 4217, Australia; (J.S.R.); (T.A.G.); (S.N.); (J.V.); (E.F.D.T.); (J.N.P.)
| | - Hemal H. Patel
- VA San Diego Healthcare System and Department of Anesthesiology, University of California, San Diego, CA 92093, USA;
| | - Jason N. Peart
- School of Medical Science, Griffith University Gold Coast, Southport QLD 4217, Australia; (J.S.R.); (T.A.G.); (S.N.); (J.V.); (E.F.D.T.); (J.N.P.)
| | - John P. Headrick
- School of Medical Science, Griffith University Gold Coast, Southport QLD 4217, Australia; (J.S.R.); (T.A.G.); (S.N.); (J.V.); (E.F.D.T.); (J.N.P.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +61-7-5552-8292
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Russell JS, Griffith TA, Peart JN, Headrick JP. Cardiomyoblast caveolin expression: effects of simulated diabetes, α-linolenic acid, and cell signaling pathways. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 2020; 319:C11-C20. [PMID: 32348174 DOI: 10.1152/ajpcell.00499.2019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Caveolins regulate myocardial substrate handling, survival signaling, and stress resistance; however, control of expression is incompletely defined. We test how metabolic features of type 2 diabetes (T2D), and modulation of cell signaling, influence caveolins in H9c2 cardiomyoblasts. Cells were exposed to glucose (25 vs. 5 mM), insulin (100 nM), or palmitate (0.1 mM), individually or combined, and the effects of adenylate cyclase (AC) activation (50 μM forskolin), focal adhesion kinase (FAK) or protein kinase C β2 (PKCβ2) inhibition (1 μM FAK inhibitor 14 or CGP-53353, respectively) or the polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) α-linolenic acid (ALA; 10 μM) were tested. Simulated T2D (elevated glucose + insulin + palmitate) depressed caveolin-1 and -3 without modifying caveolin-2. Caveolin-3 repression was primarily palmitate dependent, whereas high glucose (HG) and insulin independently increased caveolin-3 (while reducing expression when combined). Differential control was evident: baseline caveolin-3 was suppressed by FAK/PKCβ2 and insensitive to AC activities, with baseline caveolin-1 and -2 suppressed by AC and insensitive to FAK/PKCβ2. Forskolin and ALA selectively preserved caveolin-3 in T2D cells, whereas PKCβ2 and FAK inhibition increased caveolin-3 under all conditions. Despite preservation of caveolin-3, ALA did not modify nucleosome content (apoptosis marker) or transcription of proinflammatory mediators in T2D cells. In summary, caveolin-1 and -3 are strongly repressed with simulated T2D, with caveolin-3 particularly sensitive to palmitate; intrinsic PKCβ2 and FAK activities depress caveolin-3 in healthy and stressed cells; ALA and AC activation and PKCβ2 inhibition preserve caveolin-3 under T2D conditions; and caveolin-3 changes with T2D and ALA appear unrelated to inflammatory signaling or extent of apoptosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jake S Russell
- School of Medical Science, Griffith University Gold Coast, Southport, Queensland, Australia
| | - Tia A Griffith
- School of Medical Science, Griffith University Gold Coast, Southport, Queensland, Australia
| | - Jason N Peart
- School of Medical Science, Griffith University Gold Coast, Southport, Queensland, Australia
| | - John P Headrick
- School of Medical Science, Griffith University Gold Coast, Southport, Queensland, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Nwamba OC. Membranes as the third genetic code. Mol Biol Rep 2020; 47:4093-4097. [PMID: 32279211 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-020-05437-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2020] [Accepted: 04/03/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Biological membranes and their compositions influence cellular function, age and disease states of organisms. They achieve this by effecting the outcome of bound enzymes/proteins and carbohydrate moieties. While the membrane-bound carbohydrates give rise to antigenicity, membranes impact the eventual outcome of protein structures that would function even outside their enclosure. This is achieved by membrane modulation of translational and post-translational protein folding. Thus, the eventual 3D structures and functions of proteins might not be solely dependent on their primary amino acid sequences and surrounding environments. The 3D protein structures would also depend on enclosing membrane properties such as fluidity, other intrinsic and extrinsic proteins and carbohydrate functionalities. Also, membranes moderate DNA activities with consequences on gene activation-inactivation mechanisms. Consequently, membranes are almost indispensable to the functioning of other cell compositions and serve to modulate these other components. Besides, membrane lipid compositions are also moderated by nutrition and diets and the converse is true. Thus, it could be argued that membranes are the third genetic codes. Suggestively, membranes are at the center of the interplay between nature and nurture in health and disease states.
Collapse
|
14
|
Hodson L, Gunn PJ. The regulation of hepatic fatty acid synthesis and partitioning: the effect of nutritional state. Nat Rev Endocrinol 2019; 15:689-700. [PMID: 31554932 DOI: 10.1038/s41574-019-0256-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 133] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is an increasing global public health burden. NAFLD is strongly associated with type 2 diabetes mellitus, obesity and cardiovascular disease and begins with intrahepatic triacylglycerol accumulation. Under healthy conditions, the liver regulates lipid metabolism to meet systemic energy needs in the fed and fasted states. The processes of fatty acid uptake, fatty acid synthesis and the intracellular partitioning of fatty acids into storage, oxidation and secretion pathways are tightly regulated. When one or more of these processes becomes dysregulated, excess lipid accumulation can occur. Although genetic and environmental factors have been implicated in the development of NAFLD, it remains unclear why an imbalance in these pathways begins. The regulation of fatty acid partitioning occurs at several points, including during triacylglycerol synthesis, lipid droplet formation and lipolysis. These processes are influenced by enzyme function, intake of dietary fats and sugars and whole-body metabolism, and are further affected by the presence of obesity or insulin resistance. Insight into how the liver controls fatty acid metabolism in health and how these processes might be affected in disease would offer the potential for new therapeutic treatments for NAFLD to be developed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Leanne Hodson
- Oxford Centre for Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Headington, Oxford, UK.
- Oxford NIHR Biomedical Research Centre, Churchill Hospital, Headington, Oxford, UK.
| | - Pippa J Gunn
- Oxford Centre for Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Headington, Oxford, UK
- Oxford NIHR Biomedical Research Centre, Churchill Hospital, Headington, Oxford, UK
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
de Bari L, Atlante A, Armeni T, Kalapos MP. Synthesis and metabolism of methylglyoxal, S-D-lactoylglutathione and D-lactate in cancer and Alzheimer's disease. Exploring the crossroad of eternal youth and premature aging. Ageing Res Rev 2019; 53:100915. [PMID: 31173890 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2019.100915] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2018] [Revised: 02/27/2019] [Accepted: 05/31/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Both cancer and Alzheimer's disease (AD) are emerging as metabolic diseases in which aberrant/dysregulated glucose metabolism and bioenergetics occur, and play a key role in disease progression. Interestingly, an enhancement of glucose uptake, glycolysis and pentose phosphate pathway occurs in both cancer cells and amyloid-β-resistant neurons in the early phase of AD. However, this metabolic shift has its adverse effects. One of them is the increase in methylglyoxal production, a physiological cytotoxic by-product of glucose catabolism. Methylglyoxal is mainly detoxified via cytosolic glyoxalase route comprising glyoxalase 1 and glyoxalase 2 with the production of S-D-lactoylglutathione and D-lactate as intermediate and end-product, respectively. Due to the existence of mitochondrial carriers and intramitochondrial glyoxalase 2 and D-lactate dehydrogenase, the transport and metabolism of both S-D-lactoylglutathione and D-lactate in mitochondria can contribute to methylglyoxal elimination, cellular antioxidant power and energy production. In this review, it is supposed that the different ability of cancer cells and AD neurons to metabolize methylglyoxal, S-D-lactoylglutathione and D-lactate scores cell fate, therefore being at the very crossroad of the "eternal youth" of cancer and the "premature death" of AD neurons. Understanding of these processes would help to elaborate novel metabolism-based therapies for cancer and AD treatment.
Collapse
|
16
|
Abstract
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease encompasses a spectrum of conditions from hepatic steatosis through to cirrhosis; obesity is a known risk factor. The liver plays a major role in regulating fatty acid metabolism and perturbations in intrahepatic processes have potential to impact on metabolic health. It remains unclear why intra-hepatocellular fat starts to accumulate, but it likely involves an imbalance between fatty acid delivery to the liver, fatty acid synthesis and oxidation within the liver and TAG export from the liver. As man spends the majority of the day in a postprandial rather than postabsorptive state, dietary fatty acid intake should be taken into consideration when investigating why intra-hepatic fat starts to accumulate. This review will discuss the impact of the quantity and quality of dietary fatty acids on liver fat accumulation and metabolism, along with some of the potential mechanisms involved. Studies investigating the role of dietary fat in liver fat accumulation, although surprisingly limited, have clearly demonstrated that it is total energy intake, rather than fat intake per se, that is a key mediator of liver fat content; hyperenergetic diets increase liver fat whilst hypoenergetic diets decrease liver fat content irrespective of total fat content. Moreover, there is now, albeit limited evidence emerging to suggest the composition of dietary fat may also play a role in liver fat accumulation, with diets enriched in saturated fat appearing to increase liver fat content to a greater extent when compared with diets enriched in unsaturated fats.
Collapse
|
17
|
Kahleova H, Hlozkova A, Fleeman R, Fletcher K, Holubkov R, Barnard ND. Fat Quantity and Quality, as Part of a Low-Fat, Vegan Diet, Are Associated with Changes in Body Composition, Insulin Resistance, and Insulin Secretion. A 16-Week Randomized Controlled Trial. Nutrients 2019; 11:nu11030615. [PMID: 30871233 PMCID: PMC6472059 DOI: 10.3390/nu11030615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2019] [Revised: 03/06/2019] [Accepted: 03/08/2019] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Macronutrient composition of the diet influences the development of obesity and insulin resistance. The aim of this study was to assess the role of dietary fat quantity and fatty acid composition in body composition, insulin resistance, and insulin secretion. An open parallel randomized trial design was used. Overweight participants (n = 75) were randomized to follow a low-fat vegan (n = 38) or control diet (n = 37) for 16 weeks. Dual X-ray absorptiometry was used to measure body composition. Insulin resistance was assessed with the Homeostasis Model Assessment (HOMA-IR) index. Insulin secretion was assessed after stimulation with a liquid breakfast (Boost Plus, Nestle, Vevey, Switzerland). Self-reported 3-day diet records were used to assess dietary intake. A linear regression model was used to test the relationship between fat intake and body composition, insulin resistance, and insulin secretion. Changes in fat intake expressed as percent of total energy consumed correlated positively with changes in fat mass (r = 0.52; p < 0.001; and 0.347; p = 0.006, respectively), even after adjustment for changes in body-mass index (BMI) and energy intake (0.33; p = 0.01). Decreased intakes of C18:0 (r = 0.37, p = 0.004) and CLA-trans-10-cis12 (r = 0.40, p = 0.002), but increased intake of C18:2 (r = −0.40, p = 0.002) and C18:3 (p = −0.36, p = 0.006), were associated with a decrease in HOMA-IR, independent on changes in BMI and energy intake. The main fatty acids associated with changes in fasting insulin secretion were C12:0 (r = −0.31, p = 0.03), and TRANS 16:1 (r = −0.33, p = 0.02), both independent on changes in BMI and energy intake. Our findings demonstrate that, in the context of a low-fat vegan diet, decreased intake of saturated and trans fats and increased relative content of polyunsaturated fatty acids, particularly linoleic and α-linolenic acids, are associated with decreased fat mass and insulin resistance, and enhanced insulin secretion.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hana Kahleova
- Physicians Committee for Responsible Medicine, 5100 Wisconsin Ave, N.W. Ste.400, Washington, DC 20016, USA.
| | - Adela Hlozkova
- Physicians Committee for Responsible Medicine, 5100 Wisconsin Ave, N.W. Ste.400, Washington, DC 20016, USA.
| | - Rebecca Fleeman
- Physicians Committee for Responsible Medicine, 5100 Wisconsin Ave, N.W. Ste.400, Washington, DC 20016, USA.
| | - Katie Fletcher
- Physicians Committee for Responsible Medicine, 5100 Wisconsin Ave, N.W. Ste.400, Washington, DC 20016, USA.
| | - Richard Holubkov
- School of Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84132, USA.
| | - Neal D Barnard
- Physicians Committee for Responsible Medicine, 5100 Wisconsin Ave, N.W. Ste.400, Washington, DC 20016, USA.
- Adjunct Faculty, George Washington University School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Washington, DC 20016, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Di Santo LG, Braos LB, Kawanami AE, Oliveira JP, Cruz NRN, Mendonça FS, Peixoto MC, Carciofi AC. Feed processing effects on digestibility, palatability, excreta fermentation products and blood parameters in blue-fronted amazon parrots (Amazona aestiva) †. J Anim Physiol Anim Nutr (Berl) 2018; 103:339-353. [PMID: 30390355 DOI: 10.1111/jpn.13011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2018] [Revised: 09/10/2018] [Accepted: 09/23/2018] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Captive parrots show a high incidence of obesity and other metabolic disorders due to the consumption of unbalanced diets. Therefore, this study evaluated the digestibility and metabolic effects of transitioning blue-fronted amazons from a high fat diet (sunflower seeds) to processed diets with three degrees of starch gelatinization (SG). The same feed formulation was processed to obtain pelletized feed (PEL) at 27.1% SG; low-cooked extruded feed (EXTL ) at 81.6% SG; and high-cooked extruded feed (EXTH ) at 98.5% SG. Thirty adult parrots were fed sunflower seeds for 90 days, then were distributed in a completely randomized design with 10 repetitions per treatment, and fed one of the three prepared diets for 160 days. Feed palatability, apparent digestibility, excreta concentrations of volatile fatty acids, lactate and ammonia, initial and final radiographic examinations, blood cell counts and glucose, triglycerides, cholesterol, total protein, albumin, aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and uric acid levels were evaluated. The data were analysed by an analysis of variance and compared by Tukey's test (p < 0.05). Sunflower seed was more digestible than processed feeds (p < 0.05). Diet processing interfered with fat and starch digestibility (p < 0.001), being higher in the PEL than in the EXTH and EXTL respectively. Transitioning from sunflower seeds to balanced diets reduced serum glucose, triglycerides, cholesterol and AST (p < 0.05) and increased red blood cell, haemoglobin, lymphocyte, monocyte and leucocyte counts (p < 0.01). Radiographs indicated a decreased hourglass (p = 0.015) and a reduced heart-liver ratio after ingesting the processed feeds (p < 0.05). Feed processing did not affect blood cell counts, serum biochemistry or radiographic examinations. In conclusion, parrots preferred the extruded diet and did not require an extensive SG to properly digest the feed. Consuming the processed diets improved the birds' metabolism and health.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ludmilla G Di Santo
- School of Agricultural and Veterinarian Sciences, São Paulo State University (Unesp), Jaboticabal, Brazil
| | - Lucas B Braos
- School of Agricultural and Veterinarian Sciences, São Paulo State University (Unesp), Jaboticabal, Brazil
| | - Aline E Kawanami
- School of Agricultural and Veterinarian Sciences, São Paulo State University (Unesp), Jaboticabal, Brazil
| | - Juliana P Oliveira
- School of Agricultural and Veterinarian Sciences, São Paulo State University (Unesp), Jaboticabal, Brazil
| | - Nathan R N Cruz
- School of Agricultural and Veterinarian Sciences, São Paulo State University (Unesp), Jaboticabal, Brazil
| | - Fernanda S Mendonça
- School of Agricultural and Veterinarian Sciences, São Paulo State University (Unesp), Jaboticabal, Brazil
| | - Mayara C Peixoto
- School of Agricultural and Veterinarian Sciences, São Paulo State University (Unesp), Jaboticabal, Brazil
| | - Aulus C Carciofi
- School of Agricultural and Veterinarian Sciences, São Paulo State University (Unesp), Jaboticabal, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Andersson-Hall U, Carlsson NG, Sandberg AS, Holmäng A. Circulating Linoleic Acid is Associated with Improved Glucose Tolerance in Women after Gestational Diabetes. Nutrients 2018; 10:nu10111629. [PMID: 30400149 PMCID: PMC6266712 DOI: 10.3390/nu10111629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2018] [Revised: 10/23/2018] [Accepted: 10/24/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Women with previously diagnosed gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) are at increased risk of type-2-diabetes mellitus (T2D). We aimed to establish links between glucose tolerance (GT) and serum fatty acid (FA) profile in the transition from GDM to T2D. Six years after GDM, 221 women were grouped as having normal GT (NGT), impaired GT (IGT), or T2D based on oral GT test results. Fasting serum FAs were profiled, anthropometric measures taken, and dietary intake determined. Linoleic acid (LA) was significantly higher in NGT women (p < 0.001) compared with IGT and T2D, and emerged as a strong predictor of low glucose and insulin levels, independently of BMI. Self-reported vegetable oil consumption correlated with LA serum levels and glucose levels. Delta-6-, delta-9-, and stearoyl-CoA-desaturase activities were associated with decreased GT, and delta-5-desaturase activities with increased GT. In a subgroup of women at high risk of diabetes, low LA and high palmitic acid levels were seen in those that developed T2D, with no differences in other FAs or metabolic measurements. Results suggest that proportions of LA and palmitic acid are of particular interest in the transition from GDM to T2D. Interconversions between individual FAs regulated by desaturases appear to be relevant to glucose metabolism.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ulrika Andersson-Hall
- Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, 405 30 Gothenburg, Sweden.
| | - Nils-Gunnar Carlsson
- Division of Food and Nutrition Science, Department of Biology and Biological Engineering, Chalmers University of Technology, 412 96 Gothenburg, Sweden.
| | - Ann-Sofie Sandberg
- Division of Food and Nutrition Science, Department of Biology and Biological Engineering, Chalmers University of Technology, 412 96 Gothenburg, Sweden.
| | - Agneta Holmäng
- Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, 405 30 Gothenburg, Sweden.
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Russell J, Du Toit EF, Peart JN, Patel HH, Headrick JP. Myocyte membrane and microdomain modifications in diabetes: determinants of ischemic tolerance and cardioprotection. Cardiovasc Diabetol 2017; 16:155. [PMID: 29202762 PMCID: PMC5716308 DOI: 10.1186/s12933-017-0638-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2017] [Accepted: 11/22/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular disease, predominantly ischemic heart disease (IHD), is the leading cause of death in diabetes mellitus (DM). In addition to eliciting cardiomyopathy, DM induces a ‘wicked triumvirate’: (i) increasing the risk and incidence of IHD and myocardial ischemia; (ii) decreasing myocardial tolerance to ischemia–reperfusion (I–R) injury; and (iii) inhibiting or eliminating responses to cardioprotective stimuli. Changes in ischemic tolerance and cardioprotective signaling may contribute to substantially higher mortality and morbidity following ischemic insult in DM patients. Among the diverse mechanisms implicated in diabetic impairment of ischemic tolerance and cardioprotection, changes in sarcolemmal makeup may play an overarching role and are considered in detail in the current review. Observations predominantly in animal models reveal DM-dependent changes in membrane lipid composition (cholesterol and triglyceride accumulation, fatty acid saturation vs. reduced desaturation, phospholipid remodeling) that contribute to modulation of caveolar domains, gap junctions and T-tubules. These modifications influence sarcolemmal biophysical properties, receptor and phospholipid signaling, ion channel and transporter functions, contributing to contractile and electrophysiological dysfunction, cardiomyopathy, ischemic intolerance and suppression of protective signaling. A better understanding of these sarcolemmal abnormalities in types I and II DM (T1DM, T2DM) can inform approaches to limiting cardiomyopathy, associated IHD and their consequences. Key knowledge gaps include details of sarcolemmal changes in models of T2DM, temporal patterns of lipid, microdomain and T-tubule changes during disease development, and the precise impacts of these diverse sarcolemmal modifications. Importantly, exercise, dietary, pharmacological and gene approaches have potential for improving sarcolemmal makeup, and thus myocyte function and stress-resistance in this ubiquitous metabolic disorder.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jake Russell
- Menzies Health Institute Queensland, Griffith University, Southport, QLD, Australia
| | - Eugene F Du Toit
- Menzies Health Institute Queensland, Griffith University, Southport, QLD, Australia
| | - Jason N Peart
- Menzies Health Institute Queensland, Griffith University, Southport, QLD, Australia
| | - Hemal H Patel
- VA San Diego Healthcare System and Department of Anesthesiology, University of California San Diego, San Diego, USA
| | - John P Headrick
- Menzies Health Institute Queensland, Griffith University, Southport, QLD, Australia. .,School of Medical Science, Griffith University, Southport, QLD, 4217, Australia.
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Cabout M, Alssema M, Nijpels G, Stehouwer CDA, Zock PL, Brouwer IA, Elshorbagy AK, Refsum H, Dekker JM. Circulating linoleic acid and alpha-linolenic acid and glucose metabolism: the Hoorn Study. Eur J Nutr 2017; 56:2171-2180. [PMID: 27418185 PMCID: PMC5579177 DOI: 10.1007/s00394-016-1261-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2016] [Accepted: 06/28/2016] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Data on the relation between linoleic acid (LA) and alpha-linolenic acid (ALA) and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) risk are scarce and inconsistent. The aim of this study was to investigate the association of serum LA and ALA with fasting and 2 h post-load plasma glucose and glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c). METHOD This study included 667 participants from third examination (2000) of the population-based Hoorn study in which individuals with glucose intolerance were overrepresented. Fatty acid profiles in serum total lipids were measured at baseline, in 2000. Diabetes risk markers were measured at baseline and follow-up in 2008. Linear regression models were used in cross-sectional and prospective analyses. RESULTS In cross-sectional analyses (n = 667), serum LA was inversely associated with plasma glucose, both in fasting conditions (B = -0.024 [-0.045, -0.002]) and 2 h after glucose tolerance test (B = -0.099 [-0.158, -0.039]), but not with HbA1c (B = 0.000 [-0.014, 0.013]), after adjustment for relevant factors. In prospective analyses (n = 257), serum LA was not associated with fasting (B = 0.003 [-0.019, 0.025]) or post-load glucose (B = -0.026 [-0.100, 0.049]). Furthermore, no significant associations were found between serum ALA and glucose metabolism in cross-sectional or prospective analyses. CONCLUSIONS In this study, serum LA was inversely associated with fasting and post-load glucose in cross-sectional, but not in prospective analyses. Further studies are needed to elucidate the exact role of serum LA and ALA levels and dietary polyunsaturated fatty acids in glucose metabolism.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mieke Cabout
- Department of Health Sciences and EMGO Institute for Health and Care Research, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
- Unilever Research and Development, Vlaardingen, The Netherlands.
| | - Marjan Alssema
- Unilever Research and Development, Vlaardingen, The Netherlands
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics and EMGO Institute for Health and Care Research, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Giel Nijpels
- Department of General Practice and EMGO Institute for Health and Care Research, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Coen D A Stehouwer
- Department of Internal Medicine and Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht (CARIM), Maastricht University Medical Centre, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Peter L Zock
- Unilever Research and Development, Vlaardingen, The Netherlands
| | - Ingeborg A Brouwer
- Department of Health Sciences and EMGO Institute for Health and Care Research, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Amany K Elshorbagy
- Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Department of Nutrition, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Helga Refsum
- Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Department of Nutrition, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Jacqueline M Dekker
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics and EMGO Institute for Health and Care Research, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Tan Z, Du J, Shen L, Liu C, Ma J, Bai L, Jiang Y, Tang G, Li M, Li X, Zhang S, Zhu L. miR-199a-3p affects adipocytes differentiation and fatty acid composition through targeting SCD. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2017; 492:82-88. [PMID: 28803985 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2017.08.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2017] [Accepted: 08/09/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Body fat mass is closely associated to diseases related to obesity. MicroRNAs (miRNAs, miR) are important regulatory molecules that function as post-transcriptional gene regulators of adipocyte development. In the current study, we revealed that reduced expression of miR-199a-3p in adipose tissue resulting from high fat diet (HFD)-induced obesity in mice. Overexpression of miR-199a-3p promoted adipocyte proliferation by regulating the expression of regulating factors of the cell cycle. Furthermore, miR-199a-3p blunted lipid accumulation in 3T3-L1 adipocytes. This was accompanied by a marked decrease in the expression of adipocyte-specific genes involved in lipogenic transcription, fatty acid synthesis, and fatty acid transportation. Furthermore, the fatty acid oxidation process was enhanced. Luciferase activity assays confirmed that miR-199a-3p regulates adipocyte differentiation by directly targeting the 3'-untranslated region (3'-UTR) of stearoyl-CoA desaturase (SCD). Moreover, miR-199a-3p regulates fatty acid composition by decreasing the ratio of unsaturated fatty acids (UFAs) in adipocytes transfected with miR-199a-3p mimics. These results suggest that miR-199a-3p may promote adipocyte proliferation, while also repressing adipocyte differentiation by down-regulating SCD and changing fatty acid composition during adipogenesis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhendong Tan
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Jingjing Du
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Linyuan Shen
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Chendong Liu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Jideng Ma
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Lin Bai
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Yanzhi Jiang
- College of Life and Science, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Guoqing Tang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Mingzhou Li
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Xuewei Li
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Shunhua Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China.
| | - Li Zhu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China.
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Teng H, Chen L. α-Glucosidase and α-amylase inhibitors from seed oil: A review of liposoluble substance to treat diabetes. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2017; 57:3438-3448. [DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2015.1129309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hui Teng
- College of Food Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Lei Chen
- College of Food Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Kurt A, Andican G, Siva ZO, Andican A, Burcak G. The effects of n-3 long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acid supplementation on AGEs and sRAGE in type 2 diabetes mellitus. J Physiol Biochem 2016; 72:679-687. [PMID: 27448155 DOI: 10.1007/s13105-016-0506-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2015] [Accepted: 06/28/2016] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
In diabetes mellitus, chronic hyperglycemia leads to formation of advanced glycation end products (AGEs). Binding of AGEs to receptors of AGE (RAGE) causes deleterious effects. In populations with a high consumption of n-3 long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids, a lower prevalence of diabetes mellitus has been reported. We aimed to investigate the effects of n-3 fatty acid (EPA and DHA) supplementation on the levels of AGEs (carboxymethyl lysine (CML) and pentosidine), sRAGE, and nuclear factor kappa B (NF-kB) in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). T2DM patients (n = 38) treated with oral hypoglycemic agents, without insulin were supplemented with n-3 fatty acids (1.2 g/day) for 2 months. Plasma CML, pentosidine, sRAGE, and NF-kB levels were measured by ELISA both before and after the supplementation. n-3 fatty acid supplementation significantly reduced fasting glucose (p < 0.01), glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) (p < 0.05), and pentosidine (p < 0.05) levels. The supplementation induced percentage changes in pentosidine and HbA1c and in pentosidine and creatinine were observed to be correlated (r = 0.349, p < 0.05) and (r = 0.377, p < 0.05), respectively. Waist circumference and systolic and diastolic pressures were significantly decreased due to n-3 supplementation (p < 0.001, p < 0.01, p < 0.01), respectively. Our results show that supplementation with n-3 fatty acid has beneficial effects on waist circumference; systolic and diastolic blood pressures; and the levels of glucose, HbA1c, and pentosidine in T2DM patients. However, the supplementation failed to decrease these parameters to the reference ranges for healthy subjects. In addition, the supplementation did not appear to induce any significant differences in CML, sRAGE, or NF-kB.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Asuman Kurt
- Department of Biochemistry, Cerrahpasa Medical Faculty, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Gülnur Andican
- Department of Biochemistry, Cerrahpasa Medical Faculty, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey.
| | - Zeynep Oşar Siva
- Department of Internal Medicine, Cerrahpasa Medical Faculty, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Ahat Andican
- Department of General Surgery, Cerrahpasa Medical Faculty, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Gülden Burcak
- Department of Biochemistry, Cerrahpasa Medical Faculty, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Pramfalk C, Pavlides M, Banerjee R, McNeil CA, Neubauer S, Karpe F, Hodson L. Fasting Plasma Insulin Concentrations Are Associated With Changes in Hepatic Fatty Acid Synthesis and Partitioning Prior to Changes in Liver Fat Content in Healthy Adults. Diabetes 2016; 65:1858-67. [PMID: 27207513 DOI: 10.2337/db16-0236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2016] [Accepted: 04/12/2016] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Resistance to the action of insulin affects fatty acid delivery to the liver, fatty acid synthesis and oxidation within the liver, and triglyceride export from the liver. To understand the metabolic consequences of hepatic fatty acid synthesis, partitioning, oxidation, and net liver fat content in the fasted and postprandial states, we used stable-isotope tracer methodologies to study healthy men and women with varying degrees of insulin resistance before and after consumption of a mixed meal. Subjects were classified as being normoinsulinemic (NI) (fasting plasma insulin <11.2 mU/L, n = 18) or hyperinsulinemic (HI) (fasting plasma insulin >11.2 mU/L, n = 19). Liver fat content was similar between HI and NI individuals, despite HI subjects having marginally more visceral fat. However, de novo lipogenesis was higher and fatty acid oxidation was lower in HI individuals compared with NI subjects. These data suggest that metabolic pathways promoting fat accumulation are enhanced in HI but, paradoxically, without any significant effect on liver fat content when observed in healthy people. This is likely to be explained by increased triglyceride secretion as observed by hypertriglyceridemia.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Camilla Pramfalk
- Oxford Centre for Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, University of Oxford, Churchill Hospital, Oxford, U.K
| | - Michael Pavlides
- Oxford Centre for Clinical Magnetic Resonance Research, University of Oxford, Oxford, U.K. Translational Gastroenterology Unit, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, U.K
| | - Rajarshi Banerjee
- Oxford Centre for Clinical Magnetic Resonance Research, University of Oxford, Oxford, U.K
| | - Catriona A McNeil
- Oxford Centre for Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, University of Oxford, Churchill Hospital, Oxford, U.K
| | - Stefan Neubauer
- Oxford Centre for Clinical Magnetic Resonance Research, University of Oxford, Oxford, U.K
| | - Fredrik Karpe
- Oxford Centre for Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, University of Oxford, Churchill Hospital, Oxford, U.K. National Institute for Health Research Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, Oxford University Hospital Trusts, Oxford, U.K
| | - Leanne Hodson
- Oxford Centre for Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, University of Oxford, Churchill Hospital, Oxford, U.K.
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Hresko RC, Kraft TE, Quigley A, Carpenter EP, Hruz PW. Mammalian Glucose Transporter Activity Is Dependent upon Anionic and Conical Phospholipids. J Biol Chem 2016; 291:17271-82. [PMID: 27302065 PMCID: PMC5016126 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m116.730168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2016] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The regulated movement of glucose across mammalian cell membranes is mediated by facilitative glucose transporters (GLUTs) embedded in lipid bilayers. Despite the known importance of phospholipids in regulating protein structure and activity, the lipid-induced effects on the GLUTs remain poorly understood. We systematically examined the effects of physiologically relevant phospholipids on glucose transport in liposomes containing purified GLUT4 and GLUT3. The anionic phospholipids, phosphatidic acid, phosphatidylserine, phosphatidylglycerol, and phosphatidylinositol, were found to be essential for transporter function by activating it and stabilizing its structure. Conical lipids, phosphatidylethanolamine and diacylglycerol, enhanced transporter activity up to 3-fold in the presence of anionic phospholipids but did not stabilize protein structure. Kinetic analyses revealed that both lipids increase the kcat of transport without changing the Km values. These results allowed us to elucidate the activation of GLUT by plasma membrane phospholipids and to extend the field of membrane protein-lipid interactions to the family of structurally and functionally related human solute carriers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Andrew Quigley
- the Structural Genomics Consortium, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7DQ, United Kingdom
| | - Elisabeth P Carpenter
- the Structural Genomics Consortium, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7DQ, United Kingdom
| | - Paul W Hruz
- From the Departments of Pediatrics and Cell Biology and Physiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri 63110 and
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Bhullar AS, Putman CT, Mazurak VC. Potential Role of Omega-3 Fatty Acids on the Myogenic Program of Satellite Cells. Nutr Metab Insights 2016; 9:1-10. [PMID: 26884682 PMCID: PMC4747635 DOI: 10.4137/nmi.s27481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2015] [Revised: 11/23/2015] [Accepted: 11/25/2015] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Skeletal muscle loss is associated with aging as well as pathological conditions. Satellite cells (SCs) play an important role in muscle regeneration. Omega-3 fatty acids are widely studied in a variety of muscle wasting diseases; however, little is known about their impact on skeletal muscle regeneration. The aim of this review is to evaluate studies examining the effect of omega-3 fatty acids, α-linolenic acid, eicosapentaenoic acid, and docosahexaenoic acid on the regulation of SC proliferation and differentiation. This review highlights mechanisms by which omega-3 fatty acids may modulate the myogenic program of the stem cell population within skeletal muscles and identifies considerations for future studies. It is proposed that minimally three myogenic transcriptional regulatory factors, paired box 7 (Pax7), myogenic differentiation 1 protein, and myogenin, should be measured to confirm the stage of SCs within the myogenic program affected by omega-3 fatty acids.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Amritpal S Bhullar
- M.Sc, Faculty of Agricultural, Life, and Environmental Science, Division of Human Nutrition, Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, Li Ka Shing Centre for Health Research Innovation, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Charles T Putman
- PhD, Associate Professor, Faculty of Physical Education and Recreation and Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Vera C Mazurak
- PhD, Associate Professor, Faculty of Agricultural, Life, and Environmental Science, Division of Human Nutrition, Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, Li Ka Shing Centre for Health Research Innovation, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Kahleova H, Malinska H, Kazdova L, Belinova L, Tura A, Hill M, Pelikanova T. The Effect of Meal Frequency on the Fatty Acid Composition of Serum Phospholipids in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes. J Am Coll Nutr 2015; 35:317-25. [DOI: 10.1080/07315724.2015.1046197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
|
29
|
Methylmercury Increases and Eicosapentaenoic Acid Decreases the Relative Amounts of Arachidonic Acid-Containing Phospholipids in Mouse Brain. Lipids 2015; 51:61-73. [DOI: 10.1007/s11745-015-4087-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2015] [Accepted: 10/02/2015] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
|
30
|
Škop V, Malínská H, Trnovská J, Hüttl M, Cahová M, Blachnio-Zabielska A, Baranowski M, Burian M, Oliyarnyk O, Kazdová L. Positive effects of voluntary running on metabolic syndrome-related disorders in non-obese hereditary hypertriacylglycerolemic rats. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0122768. [PMID: 25830228 PMCID: PMC4382201 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0122768] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2014] [Accepted: 02/18/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
While metabolic syndrome is often associated with obesity, 25% of humans suffering from it are not obese and the effect of physical activity remains unclear in such cases. Therefore, we used hereditary hypertriaclyglycerolemic (HHTg) rats as a unique model for studying the effect of spontaneous physical activity [voluntary running (VR)] on metabolic syndrome-related disorders, such as dyslipidemia, in non-obese subjects. Adult HHTg males were fed standard (CD) or high-sucrose (HSD) diets ad libitum for four weeks. Within both dietary groups, some of the rats had free access to a running wheel (CD+VR, HSD+VR), whereas the controls (CD, HSD) had no possibility of extra physical activity. At the end of the four weeks, we measured the effects of VR on various metabolic syndrome-associated parameters: (i) biochemical parameters, (ii) the content and composition of triacylglycerols (TAG), diacylglycerols (DAG), ceramides and membrane phospholipids, and (iii) substrate utilization in brown adipose tissue. In both dietary groups, VR led to various positive effects: reduced epididymal and perirenal fat depots; increased epididymal adipose tissue lipolysis; decreased amounts of serum TAG, non-esterified fatty acids and insulin; a higher insulin sensitivity index. While tissue ceramide content was not affected, decreased TAG accumulation resulted in reduced and modified liver, heart and skeletal muscle DAG. VR also had a beneficial effect on muscle membrane phospholipid composition. In addition, compared with the CD group, the CD+VR rats exhibited increased fatty acid oxidation and protein content in brown adipose tissue. Our results confirm that physical activity in a non-obese model of severe dyslipidemia has many beneficial effects and can even counteract the negative effects of sucrose consumption. Furthermore, they suggest that the mechanism by which these effects are modulated involves a combination of several positive changes in lipid metabolism.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Vojtěch Škop
- Center for experimental medicine, Institute for Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Prague, Czech Republic
- Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, University of Chemistry and Technology, Prague, Czech Republic
- * E-mail:
| | - Hana Malínská
- Center for experimental medicine, Institute for Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Jaroslava Trnovská
- Center for experimental medicine, Institute for Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Martina Hüttl
- Center for experimental medicine, Institute for Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Monika Cahová
- Center for experimental medicine, Institute for Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Prague, Czech Republic
| | | | - Marcin Baranowski
- Department of Physiology, Medical University of Bialystok, Bialystok, Poland
| | - Martin Burian
- Center for experimental medicine, Institute for Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Olena Oliyarnyk
- Center for experimental medicine, Institute for Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Ludmila Kazdová
- Center for experimental medicine, Institute for Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Prague, Czech Republic
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
New insights into the pathophysiology of dyslipidemia in type 2 diabetes. Atherosclerosis 2015; 239:483-95. [PMID: 25706066 DOI: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2015.01.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 256] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2014] [Revised: 01/28/2015] [Accepted: 01/30/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Cardiovascular disease (CVD) remains the leading cause of morbidity and mortality for patients with type 2 diabetes, despite recent significant advances in management strategies to lessen CVD risk factors. A major cause is the atherogenic dyslipidemia, which consists of elevated plasma concentrations of both fasting and postprandial triglyceride-rich lipoproteins (TRLs), small dense low-density lipoprotein (LDL) and low high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol. The different components of diabetic dyslipidemia are not isolated abnormalities but closely linked to each other metabolically. The underlying disturbances are hepatic overproduction and delayed clearance of TRLs. Recent results have unequivocally shown that triglyceride-rich lipoproteins and their remnants are atherogenic. To develop novel strategies for the prevention and treatment of dyslipidaemia, it is essential to understand the pathophysiology of dyslipoproteinaemia in humans. Here, we review recent advances in our understanding of the pathophysiology of diabetic dyslipidemia.
Collapse
|
32
|
Lee JJ, Lambert JE, Hovhannisyan Y, Ramos-Roman MA, Trombold JR, Wagner DA, Parks EJ. Palmitoleic acid is elevated in fatty liver disease and reflects hepatic lipogenesis. Am J Clin Nutr 2015; 101:34-43. [PMID: 25527748 PMCID: PMC4266891 DOI: 10.3945/ajcn.114.092262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 112] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Biochemical evidence has linked the coordinate control of fatty acid (FA) synthesis with the activity of stearoyl-CoA desaturase-1 (SCD1). The ratio of 16:1n-7 to 16:0 [SCD1₁₆] in plasma triacylglycerol FA has been used as an index to reflect liver SCD1₁₆ activity and has been proposed as a biomarker of FA synthesis, although this use has not been validated by comparison with isotopically measured de novo lipogenesis (DNL(Meas)). OBJECTIVE We investigated plasma lipid 16:1n-7 and FA indexes of elongation and desaturation in relation to lipogenesis. DESIGN In this cross-sectional investigation of metabolism, 24 overweight adults, who were likely to have elevated DNL, consumed D2O for 10 d and had liver fat (LF) measured by magnetic resonance spectroscopy. Very-low-density lipoprotein (VLDL)-triacylglycerols and plasma free FA [nonesterified fatty acids (NEFAs)] were analyzed by using gas chromatography for the FA composition (molar percentage) and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry and gas chromatography-combustion isotope ratio mass spectrometry for deuterium enrichment. RESULTS In all subjects, VLDL-triacylglycerol 16:1n-7 was significantly (P < 0.01) related to DNL(Meas) (r = 0.56), liver fat (r = 0.53), and adipose insulin resistance (r = 0.56); similar positive relations were shown with the SCD1₁₆ index, and the pattern in NEFAs echoed that of VLDL-triacylglycerols. Compared with subjects with low LF (3.1 ± 2.7%; n = 11), subjects with high LF (18.4 ± 3.6%; n = 13) exhibited a 45% higher VLDL-triacylglycerol 16:1n-7 molar percentage (P < 0.01), 16% of subjects had lower 18:2n-6 (P = 0.01), and 27% of subjects had higher DNL as assessed by using a published DNL index (ratio of 16:0 to 18:2n-6; P = 0.03), which was isotopically confirmed by DNL(Meas) (increased 2.5-fold; P < 0.01). Compared with 16:0 in the diet, the low amount of dietary 16:1n-7 in VLDL-triacylglycerols corresponded to a stronger signal of elevated DNL. CONCLUSION The current data provide support for the use of the VLDL-triacylglycerol 16:1n-7 molar percentage as a biomarker for elevated liver fat when isotope use is not feasible; however, larger-scale confirmatory studies are needed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Joseph J Lee
- From the Center for Human Nutrition, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX (JJL, JEL, YH, and JRT); the Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX (MAR-R); Metabolic Solutions Inc., Nashua, NH (DAW); and the Department of Nutrition and Exercise Physiology, School of Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO (EJP)
| | - Jennifer E Lambert
- From the Center for Human Nutrition, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX (JJL, JEL, YH, and JRT); the Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX (MAR-R); Metabolic Solutions Inc., Nashua, NH (DAW); and the Department of Nutrition and Exercise Physiology, School of Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO (EJP)
| | - Yelena Hovhannisyan
- From the Center for Human Nutrition, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX (JJL, JEL, YH, and JRT); the Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX (MAR-R); Metabolic Solutions Inc., Nashua, NH (DAW); and the Department of Nutrition and Exercise Physiology, School of Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO (EJP)
| | - Maria A Ramos-Roman
- From the Center for Human Nutrition, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX (JJL, JEL, YH, and JRT); the Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX (MAR-R); Metabolic Solutions Inc., Nashua, NH (DAW); and the Department of Nutrition and Exercise Physiology, School of Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO (EJP)
| | - Justin R Trombold
- From the Center for Human Nutrition, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX (JJL, JEL, YH, and JRT); the Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX (MAR-R); Metabolic Solutions Inc., Nashua, NH (DAW); and the Department of Nutrition and Exercise Physiology, School of Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO (EJP)
| | - David A Wagner
- From the Center for Human Nutrition, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX (JJL, JEL, YH, and JRT); the Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX (MAR-R); Metabolic Solutions Inc., Nashua, NH (DAW); and the Department of Nutrition and Exercise Physiology, School of Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO (EJP)
| | - Elizabeth J Parks
- From the Center for Human Nutrition, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX (JJL, JEL, YH, and JRT); the Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX (MAR-R); Metabolic Solutions Inc., Nashua, NH (DAW); and the Department of Nutrition and Exercise Physiology, School of Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO (EJP)
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Bruder-Nascimento T, Campos DHS, Alves C, Thomaz S, Cicogna AC, Cordellini S. Effects of chronic stress and high-fat diet on metabolic and nutritional parameters in Wistar rats. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014; 57:642-9. [PMID: 24343634 DOI: 10.1590/s0004-27302013000800010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2013] [Accepted: 07/25/2013] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was assess the role of chronic stress on the metabolic and nutritional profile of rats exposed to a high-fat diet. MATERIALS AND METHODS Thirty-day-old male Wistar rats (70-100 g) were distributed into four groups: normal-diet (NC), chronic stress (St), high-fat diet (HD), and chronic stress/high-fat diet (HD/St). Stress consisted at immobilization during 15 weeks, 5 times per week, 1h per day; and exposure to the high-fat diet lasted 15 weeks. Nutritional and metabolic parameters were assessed. The level of significance was 5%. RESULTS The HD group had final body weight, total fat, as well as insulin and leptin increased, and they were insulin resistant. The St and HD/St had arterial hypertension and increased levels of corticosterone. Stress blocked the effects of the high-fat diet. CONCLUSION Chronic stress prevented the appearance of obesity. Our results help to clarify the mechanisms involved in metabolic and nutritional dysfunction, and contribute to clinical cases linked to stress and high-fat diet.
Collapse
|
34
|
Ohminami H, Amo K, Taketani Y, Sato K, Fukaya M, Uebanso T, Arai H, Koganei M, Sasaki H, Yamanaka-Okumura H, Yamamoto H, Takeda E. Dietary combination of sucrose and linoleic acid causes skeletal muscle metabolic abnormalities in Zucker fatty rats through specific modification of fatty acid composition. J Clin Biochem Nutr 2014; 55:15-25. [PMID: 25147427 PMCID: PMC4078067 DOI: 10.3164/jcbn.14-11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2014] [Accepted: 01/22/2014] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
A dietary combination of sucrose and linoleic acid strongly contributes to the development of metabolic disorders in Zucker fatty rats. However, the underlying mechanisms of the metabolic disorders are poorly understood. We hypothesized that the metabolic disorders were triggered at a stage earlier than the 8 weeks we had previously reported. In this study, we investigated early molecular events induced by the sucrose and linoleic acid diet in Zucker fatty rats by comparison with other combinations of carbohydrate (sucrose or palatinose) and fat (linoleic acid or oleic acid). Skeletal muscle arachidonic acid levels were significantly increased in the sucrose and linoleic acid group compared to the other dietary groups at 4 weeks, while there were no obvious differences in the metabolic phenotype between the groups. Expression of genes related to arachidonic acid synthesis was induced in skeletal muscle but not in liver and adipose tissue in sucrose and linoleic acid group rats. In addition, the sucrose and linoleic acid group exhibited a rapid induction in endoplasmic reticulum stress and abnormal lipid metabolism in skeletal muscle. We concluded that the dietary combination of sucrose and linoleic acid primarily induces metabolic disorders in skeletal muscle through increases in arachidonic acid and endoplasmic reticulum stress, in advance of systemic metabolic disorders.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hirokazu Ohminami
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, Institute of Health Biosciences, The University of Tokushima Graduate School, 3-18-15 Kuramoto, Tokushima 770-8503, Japan
| | - Kikuko Amo
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, Institute of Health Biosciences, The University of Tokushima Graduate School, 3-18-15 Kuramoto, Tokushima 770-8503, Japan
| | - Yutaka Taketani
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, Institute of Health Biosciences, The University of Tokushima Graduate School, 3-18-15 Kuramoto, Tokushima 770-8503, Japan
| | - Kazusa Sato
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, Institute of Health Biosciences, The University of Tokushima Graduate School, 3-18-15 Kuramoto, Tokushima 770-8503, Japan
| | - Makiko Fukaya
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, Institute of Health Biosciences, The University of Tokushima Graduate School, 3-18-15 Kuramoto, Tokushima 770-8503, Japan
| | - Takashi Uebanso
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, Institute of Health Biosciences, The University of Tokushima Graduate School, 3-18-15 Kuramoto, Tokushima 770-8503, Japan
| | - Hidekazu Arai
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, Institute of Health Biosciences, The University of Tokushima Graduate School, 3-18-15 Kuramoto, Tokushima 770-8503, Japan ; Department of Laboratory of Clinical Nutrition Management, School of Food and Nutritional Sciences & Graduate School of Integrated Pharmaceutical and Nutritional Sciences, The University of Shizuoka, 52-1 Yada, Suruga-ku, Shizuoka 422-8526, Japan
| | - Megumi Koganei
- Nutrition Research Department, Food Science Research Laboratories, Meiji Co., Ltd., 540 Naruda, Odawara, Kanagawa 250-0862, Japan
| | - Hajime Sasaki
- Nutrition Research Department, Food Science Research Laboratories, Meiji Co., Ltd., 540 Naruda, Odawara, Kanagawa 250-0862, Japan
| | - Hisami Yamanaka-Okumura
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, Institute of Health Biosciences, The University of Tokushima Graduate School, 3-18-15 Kuramoto, Tokushima 770-8503, Japan
| | - Hironori Yamamoto
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, Institute of Health Biosciences, The University of Tokushima Graduate School, 3-18-15 Kuramoto, Tokushima 770-8503, Japan
| | - Eiji Takeda
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, Institute of Health Biosciences, The University of Tokushima Graduate School, 3-18-15 Kuramoto, Tokushima 770-8503, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Laughlin MR, Bantle JP, Havel PJ, Parks E, Klurfeld DM, Teff K, Maruvada P. Clinical research strategies for fructose metabolism. Adv Nutr 2014; 5:248-59. [PMID: 24829471 PMCID: PMC4013177 DOI: 10.3945/an.113.005249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Fructose and simple sugars are a substantial part of the western diet, and their influence on human health remains controversial. Clinical studies in fructose nutrition have proven very difficult to conduct and interpret. NIH and USDA sponsored a workshop on 13-14 November 2012, "Research Strategies for Fructose Metabolism," to identify important scientific questions and parameters to be considered while designing clinical studies. Research is needed to ascertain whether there is an obesogenic role for fructose-containing sugars via effects on eating behavior and energy balance and whether there is a dose threshold beyond which these sugars promote progression toward diabetes and liver and cardiovascular disease, especially in susceptible populations. Studies tend to fall into 2 categories, and design criteria for each are described. Mechanistic studies are meant to validate observations made in animals or to elucidate the pathways of fructose metabolism in humans. These highly controlled studies often compare the pure monosaccharides glucose and fructose. Other studies are focused on clinically significant disease outcomes or health behaviors attributable to amounts of fructose-containing sugars typically found in the American diet. These are designed to test hypotheses generated from short-term mechanistic or epidemiologic studies and provide data for health policy. Discussion brought out the opinion that, although many mechanistic questions concerning the metabolism of monosaccharide sugars in humans remain to be addressed experimentally in small highly controlled studies, health outcomes research meant to inform health policy should use large, long-term studies using combinations of sugars found in the typical American diet rather than pure fructose or glucose.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maren R. Laughlin
- National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, NIH, Bethesda, MD,To whom correspondence should be addressed. E-mail:
| | - John P. Bantle
- Division of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Department of Medicine, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN
| | - Peter J. Havel
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, Department of Nutrition, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA
| | - Elizabeth Parks
- Department of Nutrition and Exercise Physiology, Institute for Clinical Translational Science, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO; and
| | | | - Karen Teff
- National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, NIH, Bethesda, MD
| | - Padma Maruvada
- National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, NIH, Bethesda, MD
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Romero MDM, Roy S, Pouillot K, Feito M, Esteve M, Grasa MDM, Fernández-López JA, Alemany M, Remesar X. Treatment of rats with a self-selected hyperlipidic diet, increases the lipid content of the main adipose tissue sites in a proportion similar to that of the lipids in the rest of organs and tissues. PLoS One 2014; 9:e90995. [PMID: 24603584 PMCID: PMC3946303 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0090995] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2013] [Accepted: 02/06/2014] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Adipose tissue (AT) is distributed as large differentiated masses, and smaller depots covering vessels, and organs, as well as interspersed within them. The differences between types and size of cells makes AT one of the most disperse and complex organs. Lipid storage is partly shared by other tissues such as muscle and liver. We intended to obtain an approximate estimation of the size of lipid reserves stored outside the main fat depots. Both male and female rats were made overweight by 4-weeks feeding of a cafeteria diet. Total lipid content was analyzed in brain, liver, gastrocnemius muscle, four white AT sites: subcutaneous, perigonadal, retroperitoneal and mesenteric, two brown AT sites (interscapular and perirenal) and in a pool of the rest of organs and tissues (after discarding gut contents). Organ lipid content was estimated and tabulated for each individual rat. Food intake was measured daily. There was a surprisingly high proportion of lipid not accounted for by the main macroscopic AT sites, even when brain, liver and BAT main sites were discounted. Muscle contained about 8% of body lipids, liver 1–1.4%, four white AT sites lipid 28–63% of body lipid, and the rest of the body (including muscle) 38–44%. There was a good correlation between AT lipid and body lipid, but lipid in “other organs” was highly correlated too with body lipid. Brain lipid was not. Irrespective of dietary intake, accumulation of body fat was uniform both for the main lipid storage and handling organs: large masses of AT (but also liver, muscle), as well as in the ”rest” of tissues. These storage sites, in specialized (adipose) or not-specialized (liver, muscle) tissues reacted in parallel against a hyperlipidic diet challenge. We postulate that body lipid stores are handled and regulated coordinately, with a more centralized and overall mechanisms than usually assumed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- María del Mar Romero
- Department of Nutrition and Food Science, Faculty of Biology, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Institute of Biomedicine, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- CIBER (Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red) OBN (Obesidad y Nutrición), Institute of Health Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Stéphanie Roy
- Department of Nutrition and Food Science, Faculty of Biology, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Karl Pouillot
- Department of Nutrition and Food Science, Faculty of Biology, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Marisol Feito
- Department of Nutrition and Food Science, Faculty of Biology, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Montserrat Esteve
- Department of Nutrition and Food Science, Faculty of Biology, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Institute of Biomedicine, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- CIBER (Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red) OBN (Obesidad y Nutrición), Institute of Health Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - María del Mar Grasa
- Department of Nutrition and Food Science, Faculty of Biology, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Institute of Biomedicine, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- CIBER (Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red) OBN (Obesidad y Nutrición), Institute of Health Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - José-Antonio Fernández-López
- Department of Nutrition and Food Science, Faculty of Biology, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Institute of Biomedicine, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- CIBER (Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red) OBN (Obesidad y Nutrición), Institute of Health Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Marià Alemany
- Department of Nutrition and Food Science, Faculty of Biology, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Institute of Biomedicine, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- CIBER (Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red) OBN (Obesidad y Nutrición), Institute of Health Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Xavier Remesar
- Department of Nutrition and Food Science, Faculty of Biology, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Institute of Biomedicine, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- CIBER (Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red) OBN (Obesidad y Nutrición), Institute of Health Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- * E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Zhao JP, Levy E, Fraser WD, Julien P, Delvin E, Montoudis A, Spahis S, Garofalo C, Nuyt AM, Luo ZC. Circulating docosahexaenoic acid levels are associated with fetal insulin sensitivity. PLoS One 2014; 9:e85054. [PMID: 24454790 PMCID: PMC3890289 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0085054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2013] [Accepted: 11/21/2013] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Arachidonic acid (AA; C20∶4 n-6) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA; C22∶6 n-3) are important long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (LC-PUFA) in maintaining pancreatic beta-cell structure and function. Newborns of gestational diabetic mothers are more susceptible to the development of type 2 diabetes in adulthood. It is not known whether low circulating AA or DHA is involved in perinatally “programming” this susceptibility. This study aimed to assess whether circulating concentrations of AA, DHA and other fatty acids are associated with fetal insulin sensitivity or beta-cell function, and whether low circulating concentrations of AA or DHA are involved in compromised fetal insulin sensitivity in gestational diabetic pregnancies. Methods and Principal Findings In a prospective singleton pregnancy cohort, maternal (32-35 weeks gestation) and cord plasma fatty acids were assessed in relation to surrogate indicators of fetal insulin sensitivity (cord plasma glucose-to-insulin ratio, proinsulin concentration) and beta-cell function (proinsulin-to-insulin ratio) in 108 mother-newborn pairs. Cord plasma DHA levels (in percentage of total fatty acids) were lower comparing newborns of gestational diabetic (n = 24) vs. non-diabetic pregnancies (2.9% vs. 3.5%, P = 0.01). Adjusting for gestational age at blood sampling, lower cord plasma DHA levels were associated with lower fetal insulin sensitivity (lower glucose-to-insulin ratio, r = 0.20, P = 0.036; higher proinsulin concentration, r = −0.37, P <0.0001). The associations remained after adjustment for maternal and newborn characteristics. Cord plasma saturated fatty acids C18∶0 and C20∶0 were negatively correlated with fetal insulin sensitivity, but their levels were not different between gestational diabetic and non-diabetic pregnancies. Cord plasma AA levels were not correlated with fetal insulin sensitivity. Conclusion Low circulating DHA levels are associated with compromised fetal insulin sensitivity, and may be involved in perinatally “programming” the susceptibility to type 2 diabetes in the offspring of gestational diabetic mothers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jin-Ping Zhao
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Montreal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Emile Levy
- Department of Nutrition, University of Montreal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - William D. Fraser
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Montreal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Pierre Julien
- Endocrinology and Nephrology, Laval University Hospital Research Centre, and Department of Medicine, Laval University, Quebec City, Quebec, Canada
| | - Edgard Delvin
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Montreal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Alain Montoudis
- Department of Nutrition, University of Montreal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Schohraya Spahis
- Department of Nutrition, University of Montreal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Carole Garofalo
- Department of Nutrition, University of Montreal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Anne Monique Nuyt
- Department of Pediatrics, Sainte-Justine Hospital Research Center, University of Montreal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Zhong-Cheng Luo
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Montreal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- Ministry of Education-Shanghai Key Laboratory of Children's Environmental Health, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiao-Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- * E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
Newman RE, Storlien LH, Bryden WL, Kirby AC, Downing JA. Dietaryn-3 andn-6 Fatty Acids Alter Avian Pituitary Sensitivity. Nutr Neurosci 2013; 6:343-50. [PMID: 14744038 DOI: 10.1080/10284150310001640347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
The effects of dietary saturated and polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) of the n-3 and n-6 series on avian pituitary sensitivity were investigated by infusing human growth hormone (GH) releasing hormone--fragment 1-29--and chicken luteinising hormone releasing hormone (LHRH) into catheterized broiler chickens. At 3 weeks of age three groups (n = 18; six birds per group) were fed for 6 weeks isonitrogenous and isoenergetic experimental diets containing 80 g/kg of edible tallow (saturated fatty acids), fish oil (n-3 PUFAs) or sunflower oil (n-6 PUFAs). Jugular catheterisation was performed under general anaesthesia during week four of the dietary treatments and the birds allowed 7 days post surgery to recover. A bolus of LHRH (20 microg/bird) and a GH releasing hormone (12.5 microg/kg) infusion was given on different days to each chicken and serial blood samples taken over a 1 h period. Plasma luteinising hormone and GH concentrations were measured by radioimmunoassay. Pre-infusion GH concentrations were similar for the tallow, fish and sunflower oil dietary groups (5.2 +/- 3.9, 5.2 +/- 1.0 and 6.1 +/- 3.1 ng/ml, respectively), however, GH concentration in response to the GH releasing hormone infusion was elevated in the sunflower oil group (44.7 +/- 5.7 ng/ml) when compared to chicken fed tallow (33.7 +/- 9.7ng/ml) or fish oil (21.3 +/- 5.0 ng/ml). There was a significant decrease (P < 0.05) in the clearance rate of plasma GH for the birds fed the fish oil compared with those fed sunflower oil with an intermediate value being observed in the tallow fed group. Pre-infusion plasma luteinising hormone concentrations for the birds fed tallow (3.2 +/- 0.7 ng/ml) were significantly elevated (P < 0.05) when compared to birds fed either the sunflower oil (0.84 +/- 0.25 ng.ml) or fish oil (0.93 +/- 0.22 ng/ml) diets. There were no significant differences between the dietary groups in either the maximal plasma luteinising concentration or its disappearance rate following the LHRH infusion. The data demonstrate that dietary fatty acids alter avian pituitary sensitivity and this modulation is determined by the nature of the dietary fat rather than the degree of saturation per se. In addition, this study also shows that dietary fats have a differential effect on pituitary cell activity and are specific to certain pituitary cell types.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- R E Newman
- Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Sydney, Camden, NSW 2570, Australia.
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
39
|
Possible role of Omega-3 on the pancreas of streptozotocin-induced diabetes in adult albino rats. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013. [DOI: 10.1097/01.ehx.0000431956.27366.8f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
|
40
|
Wu H, Ding EL, Toledo ET, Campos H, Baylin A, Hu FB, Sun Q. A novel fatty acid lipophilic index and risk of CHD in US men: the health professionals follow-up study. Br J Nutr 2013; 110:466-74. [PMID: 23298409 PMCID: PMC3723798 DOI: 10.1017/s0007114512005272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Few epidemiological studies have examined the association between an overall fatty acid (FA) profile and CHD risk. The aim of the present study was to examine a novel index that summarises individual FA levels based on FA affinity and fluidity in relation to CHD risk in men. In a prospective nested case–control study, FA in plasma and erythrocytes were measured in 459 CHD cases and 879 matched controls. Lipophilic index (LI) was computed by summing the products between FA levels and melting point of each FA to reflect the overall FA lipophilicity. Among controls, higher plasma LI was significantly correlated with adverse profiles of blood lipids, inflammatory markers and adiponectin. After multivariate adjustment for age, smoking, BMI and other CHD risk factors, plasma LI was significantly associated with an increased risk of CHD: the relative risk was 1·61 (95% CI 1·03, 2·53; P for trend¼0·04) comparing extreme quintiles. This association was attenuated to 1·21 (95% CI 0·48, 3·09; P for trend¼0·77) after adjusting for plasma levels of total trans-FA, long-chain n-3 FA and polyunsaturated:saturated fat ratio. Erythrocyte LI was not significantly associated with CHD risk. The present data indicate that a novel LI is associated with an adverse profile of cardiovascular risk markers and increased risk of CHD in men; its usefulness as a complement of individual FA in assessing disease risk needs to be elucidated in future studies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hongyu Wu
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA
| | - Eric L. Ding
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Estefanía T. Toledo
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Hannia Campos
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA
| | - Ana Baylin
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI
| | - Frank B. Hu
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA
| | - Qi Sun
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| |
Collapse
|
41
|
Kinfe HH, Belay YH, Joseph JS, Mukwevho E. Evaluation of the Influence of thiosemicarbazone-triazole hybrids on genes implicated in lipid oxidation and accumulation as potential anti-obesity agents. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2013; 23:5275-8. [PMID: 23988353 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2013.08.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2013] [Revised: 08/01/2013] [Accepted: 08/05/2013] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
A series of thiosemicarbazone-triazole hybrids 1a-h are efficiently synthesised and evaluated for their influence on the expression of genes, cpt-1, acc-1 and pgc-1, which are essential in lipid metabolism. The test results show that hybrids 1c and 1g exhibited relatively high influence on the expression of cpt-1 and pgc-1 and suppression of acc-1 as desired.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Henok H Kinfe
- Department of Chemistry, University of Johannesburg, Auckland park 2006, South Africa.
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
42
|
Vegetarian diet-induced increase in linoleic acid in serum phospholipids is associated with improved insulin sensitivity in subjects with type 2 diabetes. Nutr Diabetes 2013; 3:e75. [PMID: 23775014 PMCID: PMC3697401 DOI: 10.1038/nutd.2013.12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS: Fatty acids are important cellular constituents that may affect many metabolic processes relevant for the development of diabetes and its complications. We showed previously that vegetarian diet leads to greater increase in metabolic clearance rate of glucose (MCR) than conventional hypocaloric diet. The aim of this secondary analysis was to explore the role of changes in fatty acid composition of serum phospholipids in diet- and exercise-induced changes in MCR in subjects with type 2 diabetes (T2D). METHODS: Subjects with T2D (n=74) were randomly assigned into a vegetarian group (VG, n=37) following vegetarian diet or a control group (CG, n=37) following a conventional diet. Both diets were calorie restricted (−500 kcal day–1). Participants were examined at baseline, 12 weeks of diet intervention and 24 weeks (subsequent 12 weeks of diet were combined with aerobic exercise). The fatty acid composition of serum phospholipids was measured by gas liquid chromatography. MCR was measured by hyperinsulinemic isoglycemic clamp. Visceral fat (VF) was measured by magnetic resonance imaging. RESULTS: Linoleic acid (LA; 18:2n6) increased in VG (P=0.04), whereas it decreased in CG (P=0.04) in response to dietary interventions. It did not change significantly after the addition of exercise in either group (group × time P<0.001). In VG, changes in 18:2n6 correlated positively with changes in MCR (r=+0.22; P=0.04) and negatively with changes in VF (r=−0.43; P=0.01). After adjustment for changes in body mass index, the association between 18:2n6 and MCR was no longer significant. The addition of exercise resulted in greater changes of phospholipid fatty acids composition in VG than in CG. CONCLUSION: We demonstrated that the insulin-sensitizing effect of a vegetarian diet might be related to the increased proportion of LA in serum phospholipids.
Collapse
|
43
|
Jans A, van Hees AMJ, Gjelstad IMF, Sparks LM, Tierney AC, Risérus U, Drevon CA, Schrauwen P, Roche HM, Blaak EE. Impact of dietary fat quantity and quality on skeletal muscle fatty acid metabolism in subjects with the metabolic syndrome. Metabolism 2012; 61:1554-65. [PMID: 22658938 DOI: 10.1016/j.metabol.2012.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2011] [Revised: 04/01/2012] [Accepted: 04/02/2012] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Insulin resistance is characterized by disturbances in lipid metabolism in skeletal muscle. Our aim was to investigate whether gene expression and fatty acid (FA) profile of skeletal muscle lipids are affected by diets differing in fat quantity and quality in subjects with the metabolic syndrome (MetS) and varying degrees of insulin sensitivity. 84 subjects (age 57.3±0.9 y, BMI 30.9±0.4 kg/m(2), 42 M/42 F) were randomly assigned to one of four iso-energetic diets: high-SFA (HSFA); high-MUFA (HMUFA) or two low-fat, high-complex carbohydrate diets, supplemented with 1.24 g/day of long-chain n-3 PUFA (LFHCCn-3) or control oil (LFHCC) for 12 weeks. In a subgroup of men (n=26), muscle TAG, DAG, FFA and phospholipid contents were determined including their fractional synthetic rate (FSR) and FA composition at fasting and 4h after consumption of a high-fat mixed-meal, both pre- and post-intervention. Genes involved in lipogenesis were downregulated after HMUFA (mean fold change -1.3) and after LFHCCn-3 (fold change -1.7) in insulin resistant subjects (< median of (S(I))), whereas in insulin sensitive subjects (>median of insulin sensitivity) the opposite effect was shown (fold change +1.6 for both diets). HMUFA diet tended to decrease FSR in TAG (P=.055) and DAG (P=.066), whereas the LFHCCn-3 diet reduced TAG content (P=.032). In conclusion, HMUFA and LFHCCn-3 diets reduced the expression of the lipogenic genes in skeletal muscle of insulin resistant subjects, whilst HMUFA reduced the fractional synthesis rate of DAG and TAG and LFHCC n-3 the TAG content. Our data indicate that these diets may reduce muscle fat accumulation by affecting the balance between FA synthesis, storage and oxidation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anneke Jans
- Department of Human Biology, NUTRIM School for Nutrition, Toxicology and Metabolism, Maastricht University Medical Centre+, 6200 MD Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
44
|
El Elj N, Lac G, Zaouali M, Tabka Z, Gharbi N, El Fezaa S. Effect of two different diets and exercise training on weight gain in rats. Sci Sports 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.scispo.2011.10.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
|
45
|
Pannorfi R, Zee BM, Vatnick I, Berner N, Hiebert SM. Dietary Lipid Saturation Influences Environmental Temperature Preference but Not Resting Metabolic Rate in the Djungarian Hamster (Phodopus sungorus). Physiol Biochem Zool 2012; 85:405-14. [DOI: 10.1086/666473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
|
46
|
Berenguer M, Zhang J, Bruce MC, Martinez L, Gonzalez T, Gurtovenko AA, Xu T, Le Marchand-Brustel Y, Govers R. Dimethyl sulfoxide enhances GLUT4 translocation through a reduction in GLUT4 endocytosis in insulin-stimulated 3T3-L1 adipocytes. Biochimie 2011; 93:697-709. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biochi.2010.12.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2010] [Accepted: 12/21/2010] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
|
47
|
Min Y, Lowy C, Islam S, Khan FS, Swaminathan R. Relationship between red cell membrane fatty acids and adipokines in individuals with varying insulin sensitivity. Eur J Clin Nutr 2011; 65:690-5. [DOI: 10.1038/ejcn.2011.19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
|
48
|
Józefiak D, Ptak A, Kaczmarek S, Mackowiak P, Sassek M, Slominski BA. Multi-carbohydrase and phytase supplementation improves growth performance and liver insulin receptor sensitivity in broiler chickens fed diets containing full-fat rapeseed. Poult Sci 2010; 89:1939-46. [PMID: 20709979 DOI: 10.3382/ps.2010-00694] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The effect of a combination of carbohydrase and phytase enzymes on growth performance, insulin-like growth factor 1 gene expression, insulin status, and insulin receptor sensitivity in broiler chickens fed wheat-soybean meal diets containing 6% (starter) and 12% (grower-finisher) of full-fat rapeseed (canola type; low glucosinolate, low erucic acid) from 1 to 42 d of age was studied. A total of 510 one-day-old male broiler chickens were randomly assigned to 3 dietary treatments, with 17 pens per treatment and 10 birds per pen. The dietary treatments consisted of a control diet and P- and Ca-deficient diets supplemented with either phytase (500 U/kg) or a combination of phytase and a multi-carbohydrase enzyme (Superzyme OM). The diets were pelleted at 78 degrees C and were fed ad libitum throughout the starter (9 d), grower (18 d), and finisher (15 d) phases of the experiment. Over the entire trial, growth performance of birds fed the phytase-supplemented diet did not differ from birds fed the control diet. The use of phytase in combination with a multicarbohydrase enzyme improved (P = 0.007) the feed conversion ratio from 1.90 to 1.84. Insulin liver receptor sensitivity increased by 9.3 and 12.3% (P = 0.004) for the phytase- and the carbohydrase-phytase-supplemented diets, respectively. There was no effect of phytase alone or carbohydrase and phytase supplementation on total plasma cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, and blood glucose levels. However, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol decreased (P = 0.007) for the phytase-carbohydrase treatment. Gene expression of insulin-like growth factor 1 tended to decrease by 32% (P = 0.083) after phytase-carbohydrase supplementation. The combination of carbohydrase and phytase enzymes may serve as an attractive means of facilitating nutrient availability for digestion and thus enhance the feeding value of wheat-soybean meal-based diets containing full-fat rapeseed. However, the extent to which the effects of enzyme addition on insulin receptors are associated with growth performance of broiler chicken requires further research.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- D Józefiak
- Department of Animal Nutrition and Feed Management, University of Life Sciences, 60-637 Poznan, Poland
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
49
|
Newman RE, Bryden WL, Kirby AC, Storlien LH, Downing JA. Dietary n-3 and n-6 fatty acids alter avian glucose metabolism. Br Poult Sci 2010; 46:104-13. [PMID: 15835259 DOI: 10.1080/00071660400023987] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
(1) This investigation studied the effects of dietary saturated and polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) from the n-3 and n-6 series on insulin action and glucose uptake in broiler chickens. (2) One-day-old male chicks were fed on a commercial starter diet for 3 weeks, randomly divided into three groups (n = 6) and fed ad libitum on isonitrogenous experimental diets of equal energy density for a further 6 weeks. The diets contained 20.8 g/100 g protein and 80 g/kg of either edible tallow, fish oil or sunflower oil, giving diets high in saturated fatty acids, n-S PUFAs or n-6 PUFAs, respectively. (3) Jugular catheterisation was performed under general anaesthesia during week 4 of the dietary treatments and the birds given 7 d post-surgery to recover. To estimate insulin action, a bolus glucose infusion (1 g/kg) was given to each chicken and sequential blood samples taken over a one-hour period. To estimate the disappearance rate of glucose from the plasma and its incorporation into tissues, 2-deoxy-D-3H glucose (2DG-3H glucose) was infused into each chicken (50 microCi) 2 d later. (4) Although there were no significant differences in glucose clearance rate following the glucose infusion, the maximal insulin release in response to the glucose infusion was higher in the tallow group than in either the n-3 or n-6 PUFA dietary groups. There were no significant differences in the clearance rate of 2DG-3H glucose. Labelled glucose incorporation into the breast muscle was greater in birds given fish oil than in birds given tallow and significantly greater than in birds given sunflower oil. (5) The data suggest that the type of dietary fat can influence glucose metabolism and that this change in glucose utilisation may alter the energy metabolism of the broiler.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- R E Newman
- Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Sydney, Camden, NSW 2570, Australia.
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
50
|
Halade GV, Rahman MM, Fernandes G. Differential effects of conjugated linoleic acid isomers in insulin-resistant female C57Bl/6J mice. J Nutr Biochem 2010; 21:332-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2009.01.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2008] [Revised: 01/05/2009] [Accepted: 01/09/2009] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
|