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Patterson MT, Xu Y, Hillman H, Osinski V, Schrank PR, Kennedy AE, Barrow F, Zhu A, Tollison S, Shekhar S, Stromnes IM, Tassi I, Wu D, Revelo XS, Binstadt BA, Williams JW. Trem2 Agonist Reprograms Foamy Macrophages to Promote Atherosclerotic Plaque Stability-Brief Report. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2024; 44:1646-1657. [PMID: 38695172 PMCID: PMC11208052 DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.124.320797] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2024] [Accepted: 04/18/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Trem2 (triggering receptor on myeloid cells 2), a surface lipid receptor, is expressed on foamy macrophages within atherosclerotic lesions and regulates cell survival, proliferation, and anti-inflammatory responses. Studies examining the role of Trem2 in atherosclerosis have shown that deletion of Trem2 leads to impaired foamy macrophage lipid uptake, proliferation, survival, and cholesterol efflux. Thus, we tested the hypothesis that administration of a Trem2 agonist antibody (AL002a) to atherogenic mice would enhance macrophage survival and decrease necrotic core formation to improve plaque stability. METHODS To model a therapeutic intervention approach, atherosclerosis-prone mice (Ldlr [low-density lipoprotein receptor]-/-) were fed a high-fat diet for 8 weeks, then transitioned to treatment with AL002a or isotype control for an additional 8 weeks while continuing on a high-fat diet. RESULTS AL002a-treated mice had increased lesion size in both the aortic root and whole mount aorta, which correlated with an expansion of plaque macrophage area. This expansion was due to increased macrophage survival and proliferation in plaques. Importantly, plaques from AL002a-treated mice showed improved features of plaque stability, including smaller necrotic cores, increased fibrous caps, and greater collagen deposition. Single-cell RNA sequencing of whole aorta suspensions from isotype- and AL002a-treated atherosclerotic mice revealed that Trem2 agonism dramatically altered foamy macrophage transcriptome. This included upregulation of oxidative phosphorylation and increased expression of collagen genes. In vitro studies validated that Trem2 agonism with AL002a promoted foamy macrophage oxidized low-density lipoprotein uptake, survival, and cholesterol efflux. CONCLUSIONS Trem2 agonism expands atherosclerotic plaque macrophages by promoting cell survival and proliferation but improves features of plaque stability by rewiring foamy macrophage function to enhance cholesterol efflux and collagen deposition.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Plaque, Atherosclerotic
- Receptors, Immunologic/agonists
- Receptors, Immunologic/metabolism
- Receptors, Immunologic/genetics
- Membrane Glycoproteins/agonists
- Membrane Glycoproteins/metabolism
- Membrane Glycoproteins/genetics
- Disease Models, Animal
- Mice
- Atherosclerosis/pathology
- Atherosclerosis/metabolism
- Atherosclerosis/genetics
- Atherosclerosis/drug therapy
- Atherosclerosis/prevention & control
- Foam Cells/metabolism
- Foam Cells/pathology
- Foam Cells/drug effects
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Mice, Knockout
- Male
- Receptors, LDL/genetics
- Receptors, LDL/metabolism
- Receptors, LDL/deficiency
- Cell Proliferation/drug effects
- Diet, High-Fat
- Cell Survival/drug effects
- Necrosis
- Aortic Diseases/pathology
- Aortic Diseases/genetics
- Aortic Diseases/metabolism
- Aortic Diseases/prevention & control
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael T. Patterson
- Center for Immunology (M.T.P., Y.X., H.H., V.O., P.R.S., A.E.K., F.B., A.Z., S.T., S.S., I.M.S., X.S.R., B.A.B., J.W.W.), University of Minnesota, Minneapolis
- Department of Integrative Biology and Physiology (M.T.P., Y.X., H.H., P.R.S., A.E.K., F.B., A.Z., S.T., S.S., X.S.R., J.W.W.), University of Minnesota, Minneapolis
| | - Yingzheng Xu
- Center for Immunology (M.T.P., Y.X., H.H., V.O., P.R.S., A.E.K., F.B., A.Z., S.T., S.S., I.M.S., X.S.R., B.A.B., J.W.W.), University of Minnesota, Minneapolis
- Department of Integrative Biology and Physiology (M.T.P., Y.X., H.H., P.R.S., A.E.K., F.B., A.Z., S.T., S.S., X.S.R., J.W.W.), University of Minnesota, Minneapolis
| | - Hannah Hillman
- Center for Immunology (M.T.P., Y.X., H.H., V.O., P.R.S., A.E.K., F.B., A.Z., S.T., S.S., I.M.S., X.S.R., B.A.B., J.W.W.), University of Minnesota, Minneapolis
- Department of Integrative Biology and Physiology (M.T.P., Y.X., H.H., P.R.S., A.E.K., F.B., A.Z., S.T., S.S., X.S.R., J.W.W.), University of Minnesota, Minneapolis
| | - Victoria Osinski
- Center for Immunology (M.T.P., Y.X., H.H., V.O., P.R.S., A.E.K., F.B., A.Z., S.T., S.S., I.M.S., X.S.R., B.A.B., J.W.W.), University of Minnesota, Minneapolis
- Department of Pediatrics (V.O., B.A.B.), University of Minnesota, Minneapolis
| | - Patricia R. Schrank
- Center for Immunology (M.T.P., Y.X., H.H., V.O., P.R.S., A.E.K., F.B., A.Z., S.T., S.S., I.M.S., X.S.R., B.A.B., J.W.W.), University of Minnesota, Minneapolis
- Department of Integrative Biology and Physiology (M.T.P., Y.X., H.H., P.R.S., A.E.K., F.B., A.Z., S.T., S.S., X.S.R., J.W.W.), University of Minnesota, Minneapolis
| | - Ainsley E. Kennedy
- Center for Immunology (M.T.P., Y.X., H.H., V.O., P.R.S., A.E.K., F.B., A.Z., S.T., S.S., I.M.S., X.S.R., B.A.B., J.W.W.), University of Minnesota, Minneapolis
- Department of Integrative Biology and Physiology (M.T.P., Y.X., H.H., P.R.S., A.E.K., F.B., A.Z., S.T., S.S., X.S.R., J.W.W.), University of Minnesota, Minneapolis
| | - Fanta Barrow
- Center for Immunology (M.T.P., Y.X., H.H., V.O., P.R.S., A.E.K., F.B., A.Z., S.T., S.S., I.M.S., X.S.R., B.A.B., J.W.W.), University of Minnesota, Minneapolis
- Department of Integrative Biology and Physiology (M.T.P., Y.X., H.H., P.R.S., A.E.K., F.B., A.Z., S.T., S.S., X.S.R., J.W.W.), University of Minnesota, Minneapolis
| | - Alisha Zhu
- Center for Immunology (M.T.P., Y.X., H.H., V.O., P.R.S., A.E.K., F.B., A.Z., S.T., S.S., I.M.S., X.S.R., B.A.B., J.W.W.), University of Minnesota, Minneapolis
- Department of Integrative Biology and Physiology (M.T.P., Y.X., H.H., P.R.S., A.E.K., F.B., A.Z., S.T., S.S., X.S.R., J.W.W.), University of Minnesota, Minneapolis
| | - Samuel Tollison
- Center for Immunology (M.T.P., Y.X., H.H., V.O., P.R.S., A.E.K., F.B., A.Z., S.T., S.S., I.M.S., X.S.R., B.A.B., J.W.W.), University of Minnesota, Minneapolis
- Department of Integrative Biology and Physiology (M.T.P., Y.X., H.H., P.R.S., A.E.K., F.B., A.Z., S.T., S.S., X.S.R., J.W.W.), University of Minnesota, Minneapolis
| | - Sia Shekhar
- Center for Immunology (M.T.P., Y.X., H.H., V.O., P.R.S., A.E.K., F.B., A.Z., S.T., S.S., I.M.S., X.S.R., B.A.B., J.W.W.), University of Minnesota, Minneapolis
- Department of Integrative Biology and Physiology (M.T.P., Y.X., H.H., P.R.S., A.E.K., F.B., A.Z., S.T., S.S., X.S.R., J.W.W.), University of Minnesota, Minneapolis
| | - Ingunn M. Stromnes
- Center for Immunology (M.T.P., Y.X., H.H., V.O., P.R.S., A.E.K., F.B., A.Z., S.T., S.S., I.M.S., X.S.R., B.A.B., J.W.W.), University of Minnesota, Minneapolis
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology (I.M.S.), University of Minnesota, Minneapolis
| | - Ilaria Tassi
- Alector, Inc, South San Francisco, CA (I.T., D.W.)
- Now with Deep Apple Therapeutics, South San Francisco, CA (I.T.)
| | - Dick Wu
- Alector, Inc, South San Francisco, CA (I.T., D.W.)
| | - Xavier S. Revelo
- Center for Immunology (M.T.P., Y.X., H.H., V.O., P.R.S., A.E.K., F.B., A.Z., S.T., S.S., I.M.S., X.S.R., B.A.B., J.W.W.), University of Minnesota, Minneapolis
- Department of Integrative Biology and Physiology (M.T.P., Y.X., H.H., P.R.S., A.E.K., F.B., A.Z., S.T., S.S., X.S.R., J.W.W.), University of Minnesota, Minneapolis
| | - Bryce A. Binstadt
- Center for Immunology (M.T.P., Y.X., H.H., V.O., P.R.S., A.E.K., F.B., A.Z., S.T., S.S., I.M.S., X.S.R., B.A.B., J.W.W.), University of Minnesota, Minneapolis
- Department of Pediatrics (V.O., B.A.B.), University of Minnesota, Minneapolis
| | - Jesse W. Williams
- Center for Immunology (M.T.P., Y.X., H.H., V.O., P.R.S., A.E.K., F.B., A.Z., S.T., S.S., I.M.S., X.S.R., B.A.B., J.W.W.), University of Minnesota, Minneapolis
- Department of Integrative Biology and Physiology (M.T.P., Y.X., H.H., P.R.S., A.E.K., F.B., A.Z., S.T., S.S., X.S.R., J.W.W.), University of Minnesota, Minneapolis
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Zhang J, Han Y, Jia R, Zhu Q, Wang X, Liu M, Zhang W. Exploring the role of myeloperoxidase in the atherosclerotic process in hypoxic mice based on the MAPK signaling pathway. Biochem Pharmacol 2024; 225:116275. [PMID: 38729447 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2024.116275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2023] [Revised: 04/30/2024] [Accepted: 05/07/2024] [Indexed: 05/12/2024]
Abstract
Atherosclerosis (AS) is the common pathophysiological basis of various cardiovascular diseases and the leading cause of death from cardiovascular disease worldwide. When the body is in a hypoxic environment, enhanced oxidative stress and significant accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in tissue cells exacerbate the inflammatory response, resulting in increased release of myeloperoxidase (MPO), catalyzing the formation of large quantities of hypochlorous acid (HOCl), further oxidative modification of low-density lipoprotein (LDL), and exacerbating the formation and progression of atherosclerotic plaques. The MAPK signaling pathway is important in oxidative stress-mediated promotion of atherogenesis. MPO -/- mice were used in this study to establish a hypoxia model simulating 5000 m altitude and a Western high-fat diet-induced atherosclerosis model for 12 weeks. Exploring the role of MPO in the atherosclerotic process in hypoxic mice by observing the MAPK signaling pathway to provide a therapeutic target for the prevention and treatment of hypoxic atherosclerotic disease in the plateau. We found that hypoxia promotes the formation of atherosclerosis in mice, and the mechanism may be that increased MPO in vivo promotes an inflammatory response, which plays a crucial role in the formation of atherosclerosis. In addition, hypoxia further exacerbates plaque instability by activating the MAPK signaling pathway to upregulate vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP9), which in turn promotes angiogenesis within the plaque. Therefore, a potential target for preventing and treating hypoxic atherosclerotic disease is the inhibition of MPO.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingxuan Zhang
- Research Center for High Altitude Medicine, Key Laboratory of High Altitude Medicine (Ministry of Education), Key Laboratory of Application and Foundation for High Altitude Medicine Research in Qinghai Province (Qinghai-Utah Joint Research Key Lab for High Altitude Medicine), Qinghai University, Xining, China
| | - Ying Han
- Research Center for High Altitude Medicine, Key Laboratory of High Altitude Medicine (Ministry of Education), Key Laboratory of Application and Foundation for High Altitude Medicine Research in Qinghai Province (Qinghai-Utah Joint Research Key Lab for High Altitude Medicine), Qinghai University, Xining, China
| | - Ruhan Jia
- Research Center for High Altitude Medicine, Key Laboratory of High Altitude Medicine (Ministry of Education), Key Laboratory of Application and Foundation for High Altitude Medicine Research in Qinghai Province (Qinghai-Utah Joint Research Key Lab for High Altitude Medicine), Qinghai University, Xining, China
| | - Qinfang Zhu
- Research Center for High Altitude Medicine, Key Laboratory of High Altitude Medicine (Ministry of Education), Key Laboratory of Application and Foundation for High Altitude Medicine Research in Qinghai Province (Qinghai-Utah Joint Research Key Lab for High Altitude Medicine), Qinghai University, Xining, China; Qinghai Provincial People's Hospital, Xining, Qinghai, China
| | - Xiaozhou Wang
- Research Center for High Altitude Medicine, Key Laboratory of High Altitude Medicine (Ministry of Education), Key Laboratory of Application and Foundation for High Altitude Medicine Research in Qinghai Province (Qinghai-Utah Joint Research Key Lab for High Altitude Medicine), Qinghai University, Xining, China; Department of Hypertension, Qinghai Cardio-Cerebrovascular Hospital, Xining, Qinghai, China
| | - Meiheng Liu
- Research Center for High Altitude Medicine, Key Laboratory of High Altitude Medicine (Ministry of Education), Key Laboratory of Application and Foundation for High Altitude Medicine Research in Qinghai Province (Qinghai-Utah Joint Research Key Lab for High Altitude Medicine), Qinghai University, Xining, China
| | - Wei Zhang
- Research Center for High Altitude Medicine, Key Laboratory of High Altitude Medicine (Ministry of Education), Key Laboratory of Application and Foundation for High Altitude Medicine Research in Qinghai Province (Qinghai-Utah Joint Research Key Lab for High Altitude Medicine), Qinghai University, Xining, China.
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Xia X, Liu X, Xu Q, Gu J, Ling S, Liu Y, Li R, Zou M, Jiang S, Gao Z, Chen C, Liu S, Liu N. USP14 deficiency inhibits neointima formation following vascular injury via degradation of Skp2 protein. Cell Death Discov 2024; 10:295. [PMID: 38909015 PMCID: PMC11193710 DOI: 10.1038/s41420-024-02069-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2024] [Revised: 06/11/2024] [Accepted: 06/13/2024] [Indexed: 06/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Ubiquitin-proteasome system (UPS) is involved in vascular smooth muscle cell (VSMC) proliferation. Deubiquitinating enzymes (DUBs) have an essential role in the UPS-regulated stability of the substrate; however, the function of DUBs in intimal hyperplasia remains unclear. We screened DUBs to identify a protein responsible for regulating VSMC proliferation and identified USP14 protein that mediates cancer development, inflammation, and foam cell formation. USP14 promotes human aortic smooth muscle cell and A7r5 cell growth in vitro, and its inhibition or deficiency decreases the intimal area in the mice carotid artery ligation model. In addition, USP14 stabilizes Skp2 expression by decreasing its degradation, while Skp2 overexpression rescues USP14 loss-induced issues. The current findings suggested an essential role of USP14 in the pathology of vascular remodeling, deeming it a promising target for arterial restenosis therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaohong Xia
- Department of Cardiology, Guangzhou Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Vascular Diseases, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, the Second Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510260, China
- Affiliated Cancer Hospital & Institute of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou Municipal and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Protein Modification and Degradation, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510095, China
| | - Xiaolin Liu
- Department of Cardiology, Guangzhou Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Vascular Diseases, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, the Second Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510260, China
| | - Qiong Xu
- Department of Cardiology, Guangzhou Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Vascular Diseases, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, the Second Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510260, China
| | - Jielei Gu
- Department of Cardiology, Guangzhou Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Vascular Diseases, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, the Second Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510260, China
| | - Sisi Ling
- Department of Cardiology, Guangzhou Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Vascular Diseases, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, the Second Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510260, China
| | - Yajing Liu
- Department of Cardiology, Guangzhou Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Vascular Diseases, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, the Second Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510260, China
| | - Rongxue Li
- Department of Cardiology, Guangzhou Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Vascular Diseases, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, the Second Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510260, China
| | - Min Zou
- Department of Cardiology, Guangzhou Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Vascular Diseases, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, the Second Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510260, China
| | - Siqin Jiang
- Department of Cardiology, Guangzhou Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Vascular Diseases, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, the Second Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510260, China
| | - Zhiwei Gao
- Department of Cardiology, Guangzhou Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Vascular Diseases, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, the Second Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510260, China
| | - Canshan Chen
- Department of Cardiology, Guangzhou Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Vascular Diseases, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, the Second Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510260, China
| | - Shiming Liu
- Department of Cardiology, Guangzhou Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Vascular Diseases, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, the Second Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510260, China.
| | - Ningning Liu
- Department of Cardiology, Guangzhou Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Vascular Diseases, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, the Second Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510260, China.
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Echrish J, Pasca MI, Cabrera D, Yang Y, Harper AGS. Developing a Biomimetic 3D Neointimal Layer as a Prothrombotic Substrate for a Humanized In Vitro Model of Atherothrombosis. Biomimetics (Basel) 2024; 9:372. [PMID: 38921252 PMCID: PMC11201422 DOI: 10.3390/biomimetics9060372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2024] [Revised: 06/07/2024] [Accepted: 06/14/2024] [Indexed: 06/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Acute cardiovascular events result from clots caused by the rupture and erosion of atherosclerotic plaques. This paper aimed to produce a functional biomimetic hydrogel of the neointimal layer of the atherosclerotic plaque that can support thrombogenesis upon exposure to human blood. A biomimetic hydrogel of the neointima was produced by culturing THP-1-derived foam cells within 3D collagen hydrogels in the presence or absence of atorvastatin. Prothrombin time and platelet aggregation onset were measured after exposure of the neointimal models to platelet-poor plasma and washed platelet suspensions prepared from blood of healthy, medication-free volunteers. Activity of the extrinsic coagulation pathway was measured using the fluorogenic substrate SN-17. Foam cell formation was observed following preincubation of the neointimal biomimetic hydrogels with oxidized LDL, and this was inhibited by pretreatment with atorvastatin. The neointimal biomimetic hydrogel was able to trigger platelet aggregation and blood coagulation upon exposure to human blood products. Atorvastatin pretreatment of the neointimal biomimetic layer significantly reduced its pro-aggregatory and pro-coagulant properties. In the future, this 3D neointimal biomimetic hydrogel can be incorporated as an additional layer within our current thrombus-on-a-chip model to permit the study of atherosclerosis development and the screening of anti-thrombotic drugs as an alternative to current animal models.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - David Cabrera
- School of Pharmacy and Bioengineering, Keele University, Keele ST5 5BG, UK; (D.C.); (Y.Y.)
| | - Ying Yang
- School of Pharmacy and Bioengineering, Keele University, Keele ST5 5BG, UK; (D.C.); (Y.Y.)
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Pang ASR, Dinesh T, Pang NYL, Dinesh V, Pang KYL, Yong CL, Lee SJJ, Yip GW, Bay BH, Srinivasan DK. Nanoparticles as Drug Delivery Systems for the Targeted Treatment of Atherosclerosis. Molecules 2024; 29:2873. [PMID: 38930939 DOI: 10.3390/molecules29122873] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2024] [Revised: 06/03/2024] [Accepted: 06/10/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Atherosclerosis continues to be a leading cause of morbidity and mortality globally. The precise evaluation of the extent of an atherosclerotic plaque is essential for forecasting its likelihood of causing health concerns and tracking treatment outcomes. When compared to conventional methods used, nanoparticles offer clear benefits and excellent development opportunities for the detection and characterisation of susceptible atherosclerotic plaques. In this review, we analyse the recent advancements of nanoparticles as theranostics in the management of atherosclerosis, with an emphasis on applications in drug delivery. Furthermore, the main issues that must be resolved in order to advance clinical utility and future developments of NP research are discussed. It is anticipated that medical NPs will develop into complex and advanced next-generation nanobotics that can carry out a variety of functions in the bloodstream.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Tarini Dinesh
- Department of Medicine, Government Kilpauk Medical College, Chennai 600010, Tamilnadu, India
| | - Natalie Yan-Lin Pang
- Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117597, Singapore
| | - Vishalli Dinesh
- Department of Pathology, Dhanalakshmi Srinivasan Medical College Hospital, Perambalur 621113, Tamilnadu, India
| | - Kimberley Yun-Lin Pang
- Division of Medicine, South Australia Health, Northern Adelaide Local Health Network, Adelaide, SA 5112, Australia
| | - Cai Ling Yong
- Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117597, Singapore
| | - Shawn Jia Jun Lee
- Division of Medicine, South Australia Health, Northern Adelaide Local Health Network, Adelaide, SA 5112, Australia
| | - George W Yip
- Department of Anatomy, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117594, Singapore
| | - Boon Huat Bay
- Department of Anatomy, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117594, Singapore
| | - Dinesh Kumar Srinivasan
- Department of Anatomy, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117594, Singapore
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Getz GS, Reardon CA. Insights from Murine Studies on the Site Specificity of Atherosclerosis. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:6375. [PMID: 38928086 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25126375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2024] [Revised: 06/03/2024] [Accepted: 06/06/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Atherosclerosis is an inflammatory reaction that develops at specific regions within the artery wall and at specific sites of the arterial tree over a varying time frame in response to a variety of risk factors. The mechanisms that account for the interaction of systemic factors and atherosclerosis-susceptible regions of the arterial tree to mediate this site-specific development of atherosclerosis are not clear. The dynamics of blood flow has a major influence on where in the arterial tree atherosclerosis develops, priming the site for interactions with atherosclerotic risk factors and inducing cellular and molecular participants in atherogenesis. But how this accounts for lesion development at various locations along the vascular tree across differing time frames still requires additional study. Currently, murine models are favored for the experimental study of atherogenesis and provide the most insight into the mechanisms that may contribute to the development of atherosclerosis. Based largely on these studies, in this review, we discuss the role of hemodynamic shear stress, SR-B1, and other factors that may contribute to the site-specific development of atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Godfrey S Getz
- Department of Pathology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
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Jin S, Liu J, Jia Y, Sun C, Na L. Temporal relationships between blood glucose, lipids and BMI, and their impacts on atherosclerosis: a prospective cohort study. BMJ Open 2024; 14:e079521. [PMID: 38839391 PMCID: PMC11163681 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2023-079521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2023] [Accepted: 04/29/2024] [Indexed: 06/07/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This study aimed to explore the temporal relationship between blood glucose, lipids and body mass index (BMI), and their impacts on atherosclerosis (AS). DESIGN A prospective cohort study was designed. SETTING AND PARTICIPANTS A total of 2659 subjects from Harbin Cohort Study on Diet, Nutrition and Chronic Non-communicable Diseases, and aged from 20 to 74 years were included. PRIMARY AND SECONDARY OUTCOME MEASURES Body weight, height, fasting blood glucose (FBG) and 2-hour postprandial glucose (2-h PG), blood lipids including total cholesterol (TC), triglyceride (TG), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-c) and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-c) were measured at baseline and follow-up. Brachial ankle pulse wave velocity (baPWV) was examined at follow-up as a marker of AS risk. Logistic regression analysis, cross-lagged path analysis and mediation analysis were performed to explore the temporal relationships between blood glucose, lipids and BMI, and their impacts on AS risk. RESULTS Logistic regression analysis indicated that increased FBG, 2-h PG, TC, TG, LDL-c and BMI were positively associated with AS risk, while increased HDL-c was negatively associated with AS risk. The path coefficients from baseline blood parameters to the follow-up BMI were significantly greater than those from baseline BMI to the follow-up blood parameters. Mediation analysis suggested that increased FBG, 2-h PG, TC, TG and LDL-c could increase AS risk via increasing BMI, the effect intensity from strong to weak was LDL-c>TC>TG>FBG>2 h PG, while increased HDL-c could decrease AS risk via decreasing BMI. CONCLUSIONS Changes in blood glucose and lipids could cause change in BMI, which mediated the impacts of blood glucose and lipids on AS risk. These results highlight the importance and provide support for the early and comprehensive strategies of AS prevention and control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shanshan Jin
- Nutrition, Chengdu Women's and Children's Central Hospital, Chengdu, China
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Junyi Liu
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
- Shanghai University of Medicine and Health Sciences Affiliated Zhoupu Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Yubing Jia
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Changhao Sun
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Lixin Na
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, Shanghai University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Shanghai, China
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Singh A, Bhatt KS, Nguyen HC, Frisbee JC, Singh KK. Endothelial-to-Mesenchymal Transition in Cardiovascular Pathophysiology. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:6180. [PMID: 38892367 PMCID: PMC11173124 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25116180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2024] [Revised: 05/23/2024] [Accepted: 05/28/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Under different pathophysiological conditions, endothelial cells lose endothelial phenotype and gain mesenchymal cell-like phenotype via a process known as endothelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EndMT). At the molecular level, endothelial cells lose the expression of endothelial cell-specific markers such as CD31/platelet-endothelial cell adhesion molecule, von Willebrand factor, and vascular-endothelial cadherin and gain the expression of mesenchymal cell markers such as α-smooth muscle actin, N-cadherin, vimentin, fibroblast specific protein-1, and collagens. EndMT is induced by numerous different pathways triggered and modulated by multiple different and often redundant mechanisms in a context-dependent manner depending on the pathophysiological status of the cell. EndMT plays an essential role in embryonic development, particularly in atrioventricular valve development; however, EndMT is also implicated in the pathogenesis of several genetically determined and acquired diseases, including malignant, cardiovascular, inflammatory, and fibrotic disorders. Among cardiovascular diseases, aberrant EndMT is reported in atherosclerosis, pulmonary hypertension, valvular disease, fibroelastosis, and cardiac fibrosis. Accordingly, understanding the mechanisms behind the cause and/or effect of EndMT to eventually target EndMT appears to be a promising strategy for treating aberrant EndMT-associated diseases. However, this approach is limited by a lack of precise functional and molecular pathways, causes and/or effects, and a lack of robust animal models and human data about EndMT in different diseases. Here, we review different mechanisms in EndMT and the role of EndMT in various cardiovascular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aman Singh
- Department of Medical Biophysics, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Western Ontario, London, ON N6A 5C1, Canada; (A.S.); (K.S.B.); (H.C.N.); (J.C.F.)
| | - Kriti S. Bhatt
- Department of Medical Biophysics, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Western Ontario, London, ON N6A 5C1, Canada; (A.S.); (K.S.B.); (H.C.N.); (J.C.F.)
| | - Hien C. Nguyen
- Department of Medical Biophysics, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Western Ontario, London, ON N6A 5C1, Canada; (A.S.); (K.S.B.); (H.C.N.); (J.C.F.)
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Western Ontario, London, ON N6A 5C1, Canada
| | - Jefferson C. Frisbee
- Department of Medical Biophysics, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Western Ontario, London, ON N6A 5C1, Canada; (A.S.); (K.S.B.); (H.C.N.); (J.C.F.)
| | - Krishna K. Singh
- Department of Medical Biophysics, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Western Ontario, London, ON N6A 5C1, Canada; (A.S.); (K.S.B.); (H.C.N.); (J.C.F.)
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Western Ontario, London, ON N6A 5C1, Canada
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9
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Cooper STE, Lokman AB, Riley PR. Role of the Lymphatics in Cardiac Disease. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2024; 44:1181-1190. [PMID: 38634279 DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.124.319854] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/19/2024]
Abstract
Cardiovascular diseases remain the largest cause of death worldwide with recent evidence increasingly attributing the development and progression of these diseases to an exacerbated inflammatory response. As a result, significant research is now focused on modifying the immune environment to prevent the disease progression. This in turn has highlighted the lymphatic system in the pathophysiology of cardiovascular diseases owing, in part, to its established function in immune cell surveillance and trafficking. In this review, we highlight the role of the cardiac lymphatic system and its potential as an immunomodulatory therapeutic target in selected cardiovascular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susanna T E Cooper
- Institute of Developmental and Regenerative Medicine, Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Genetics, University of Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Adam B Lokman
- Institute of Developmental and Regenerative Medicine, Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Genetics, University of Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Paul R Riley
- Institute of Developmental and Regenerative Medicine, Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Genetics, University of Oxford, United Kingdom
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Secondulfo C, Visco V, Virtuoso N, Fortunato M, Migliarino S, Rispoli A, La Mura L, Stellato A, Caliendo G, Settembre E, Galluccio F, Hamzeh S, Bilancio G. Vitamin D: A Bridge between Kidney and Heart. Life (Basel) 2024; 14:617. [PMID: 38792638 PMCID: PMC11123235 DOI: 10.3390/life14050617] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2024] [Revised: 04/30/2024] [Accepted: 05/09/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Chronic kidney disease (CKD) and cardiovascular disease (CVD) are highly prevalent conditions, each significantly contributing to the global burden of morbidity and mortality. CVD and CKD share a great number of common risk factors, such as hypertension, diabetes, obesity, and smoking, among others. Their relationship extends beyond these factors, encompassing intricate interplay between the two systems. Within this complex network of pathophysiological processes, vitamin D has emerged as a potential linchpin, exerting influence over diverse physiological pathways implicated in both CKD and CVD. In recent years, scientific exploration has unveiled a close connection between these two prevalent conditions and vitamin D, a crucial hormone traditionally recognized for its role in bone health. This article aims to provide an extensive review of vitamin D's multifaceted and expanding actions concerning its involvement in CKD and CVD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carmine Secondulfo
- Department “Scuola Medica Salernitana”, University of Salerno, 84081 Baronissi, Italy
| | - Valeria Visco
- Department “Scuola Medica Salernitana”, University of Salerno, 84081 Baronissi, Italy
| | - Nicola Virtuoso
- Cardiology Unit, Salerno University Hospital “San Giovanni di Dio e Ruggi d’Aragona”, 84131 Salerno, Italy
| | - Martino Fortunato
- Cardiology Unit, Salerno University Hospital “San Giovanni di Dio e Ruggi d’Aragona”, 84131 Salerno, Italy
| | - Serena Migliarino
- Cardiology Unit, Salerno University Hospital “San Giovanni di Dio e Ruggi d’Aragona”, 84131 Salerno, Italy
| | - Antonella Rispoli
- Cardiology Unit, Salerno University Hospital “San Giovanni di Dio e Ruggi d’Aragona”, 84131 Salerno, Italy
| | - Lucia La Mura
- Centro Medico Ascione Srl, 80059 Torre del Greco, Italy
| | - Adolfo Stellato
- Department “Scuola Medica Salernitana”, University of Salerno, 84081 Baronissi, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Caliendo
- Department “Scuola Medica Salernitana”, University of Salerno, 84081 Baronissi, Italy
| | - Emanuela Settembre
- Department “Scuola Medica Salernitana”, University of Salerno, 84081 Baronissi, Italy
| | - Fabiana Galluccio
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Naples “Federico II”, 80138 Napoli, Italy
| | - Sarah Hamzeh
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Naples “Federico II”, 80138 Napoli, Italy
| | - Giancarlo Bilancio
- Department “Scuola Medica Salernitana”, University of Salerno, 84081 Baronissi, Italy
- Nephrology Unit, Salerno University Hospital “San Giovanni di Dio e Ruggi d’Aragona”, 84131 Salerno, Italy
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11
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Shi Y, Zhang Z, Wang B, Wang Y, Kong X, Sun Y, Li A, Cui Y, Zhang Y, Li J, Huo Y, Huang H. Effect of plateletcrit and methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR) C677T genotypes on folic acid efficacy in stroke prevention. Signal Transduct Target Ther 2024; 9:110. [PMID: 38724491 PMCID: PMC11082186 DOI: 10.1038/s41392-024-01817-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2023] [Revised: 02/21/2024] [Accepted: 03/25/2024] [Indexed: 05/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Previous studies have shown that low platelet count combined with high plasma total homocysteine (tHcy) increased stroke risk and can be lowered by 73% with folic acid. However, the combined role of other platelet activation parameters and the methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR) C677T genotypes on stroke risk and folic acid treatment benefit remain to be examined. This study aimed to investigate if platelet activation parameters and MTHFR genotypes jointly impact folic acid treatment efficacy in first stroke prevention. Data were derived from the China Stroke Primary Prevention Trial. This study includes a total of 11,185 adult hypertensive patients with relevant platelet activation parameters and MTHFR genotype data. When simultaneously considering both platelet activation parameters (plateletcrit, platelet count, mean platelet volume, platelet distribution width) and MTHFR genotypes, patients with both low plateletcrit (Q1) and the TT genotype had the highest stroke incidence rate (5.6%) in the enalapril group. This subgroup significantly benefited from folic acid treatment, with a 66% reduction in first stroke (HR: 0.34; 95% CI: 0.14-0.82; p = 0.016). Consistently, the subgroup with low plateletcrit (Q1) and the CC/CT genotype also benefited from folic acid treatment (HR: 0.40; 95% CI: 0.23-0.70; p = 0.001). In Chinese hypertensive adults, low plateletcrit can identify those who may greatly benefit from folic acid treatment, in particular, those with the TT genotype, a subpopulation known to have the highest stroke risk.
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Grants
- This work was supported by the National Nature Science Foundation of China (82061160372, 82270771), the National Key Research and Development Program (2020YFC2004405), the Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Precision Prevention and Control of Major Chronic Diseases and Metabolic Research (ZDSYS20220606100801004), the Central Military Commission Key Project of Basic Research for Application (BWJ21J003), the Regional Joint Funding Key Project of Guangdong Basic Research and Basic Research for Application (2021B1515120083), the Key Project of Sustainable Development Science and Technology of Shenzhen Science and Technology Innovation Committee (KCXFZ20211020163801002), the Sun Yat-sen University-Shenzhen TAILORED Medical Ltd. Postgraduate joint training base, the Futian District Public Health Scientific Research Project of Shenzhen (FTWS2022001), the Chinese Association of Integrative Medicine-Shanghai Hutchison Pharmaceuticals Fund (HMPE202202), and the Shenzhen Key Medical Discipline Construction Fund (SZXK002) to Hui Huang. The fifth "333" high-level talent training project of Jiangsu Province (BRA2019247). Medical Research Project of Jiangsu Provincial Health Commission in 2020 (ZDA2020018).
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuncong Shi
- Cardiovascular Department, The Eighth Affiliated Hospital, Joint Laboratory of Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Universities for Nutritional Metabolism and Precise Prevention and Control of Major Chronic Diseases, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Zhengzhipeng Zhang
- Cardiovascular Department, The Eighth Affiliated Hospital, Joint Laboratory of Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Universities for Nutritional Metabolism and Precise Prevention and Control of Major Chronic Diseases, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Binyan Wang
- Shenzhen Evergreen Medical Institute, Shenzhen, China
| | - Yu Wang
- Shenzhen Tailored Medical Laboratory, Shenzhen, China
| | - Xiangyi Kong
- Department of Cardiology, Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Yong Sun
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Kangda College of Nanjing Medical University, Lianyungang, China
| | - Aimin Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Kangda College of Nanjing Medical University, Lianyungang, China
| | - Yimin Cui
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Yan Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Jianping Li
- Department of Cardiology, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Yong Huo
- Department of Cardiology, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Hui Huang
- Cardiovascular Department, The Eighth Affiliated Hospital, Joint Laboratory of Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Universities for Nutritional Metabolism and Precise Prevention and Control of Major Chronic Diseases, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, China.
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12
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D’Elia JA, Weinrauch LA. Lipid Toxicity in the Cardiovascular-Kidney-Metabolic Syndrome (CKMS). Biomedicines 2024; 12:978. [PMID: 38790940 PMCID: PMC11118768 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines12050978] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2024] [Revised: 03/28/2024] [Accepted: 04/04/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Recent studies of Cardiovascular-Kidney-Metabolic Syndrome (CKMS) indicate that elevated concentrations of derivatives of phospholipids (ceramide, sphingosine), oxidized LDL, and lipoproteins (a, b) are toxic to kidney and heart function. Energy production for renal proximal tubule resorption of critical fuels and electrolytes is required for homeostasis. Cardiac energy for ventricular contraction/relaxation is preferentially supplied by long chain fatty acids. Metabolism of long chain fatty acids is accomplished within the cardiomyocyte cytoplasm and mitochondria by means of the glycolytic, tricarboxylic acid, and electron transport cycles. Toxic lipids and excessive lipid concentrations may inhibit cardiac function. Cardiac contraction requires calcium movement from the sarcoplasmic reticulum from a high to a low concentration at relatively low energy cost. Cardiac relaxation involves calcium return to the sarcoplasmic reticulum from a lower to a higher concentration and requires more energy consumption. Diastolic cardiac dysfunction occurs when cardiomyocyte energy conversion is inadequate. Diastolic dysfunction from diminished ATP availability occurs in the presence of inadequate blood pressure, glycemia, or lipid control and may lead to heart failure. Similar disruption of renal proximal tubular resorption of fuels/electrolytes has been found to be associated with phospholipid (sphingolipid) accumulation. Elevated concentrations of tissue oxidized low-density lipoprotein cholesterols are associated with loss of filtration efficiency at the level of the renal glomerular podocyte. Macroscopically excessive deposits of epicardial and intra-nephric adipose are associated with vascular pathology, fibrosis, and inhibition of essential functions in both heart and kidney. Chronic triglyceride accumulation is associated with fibrosis of the liver, cardiac and renal structures. Successful liver, kidney, or cardiac allograft of these vital organs does not eliminate the risk of lipid toxicity. Lipid lowering therapy may assist in protecting vital organ function before and after allograft transplantation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Larry A. Weinrauch
- Kidney and Hypertension Section, E P Joslin Research Laboratory, Joslin Diabetes Center, Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
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13
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Sun Y, Zhang H, Liu R, Xing S, Huang R, Di D, Zhang X, Zhu B, Wu H. Zexieyin formula alleviates atherosclerosis with cognitive impairment: A novel role in the treatment of comorbidities and its underlying mechanisms. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2024; 323:117715. [PMID: 38181934 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2024.117715] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2023] [Revised: 12/24/2023] [Accepted: 01/02/2024] [Indexed: 01/07/2024]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCY Zexieyin formula (ZXYF) has been identified to have therapeutic actions of atherosclerosis (AS). It's unknown that whether ZXYF has therapeutic potential of atherosclerosis (AS) with cognitive impairment (CI) and its underlying mechanisms. AIM OF THE STUDY To elucidate therapeutic effect of ZXYF for AS with CI as well as its underlying mechanisms in AS with CI mice model. METHODS AND MATERIALS To establish AS with CI model, we fed ApoE-/- mice with high-fat diet (HFD) for 8 weeks. Oil red O staining (ORO) and Hematoxylin-eosin staining (HE) were used to detect aortic plaque area. Morris water maze (MWM) and Y-maze were used to measure cognitive function and cognitive improvement after administration of ZXYF and atorvastatin (ATO). Network pharmacology was used to screen for potential mechanisms for improving cognitive function. Western blot was used to detect expressions of MAPK, Aβ and synaptic proteins in hippocampus. RESULTS HFD caused and accelerated the AS in ApoE-/- mice, while it was easier able to produce CI than normal mice. Administration of ZXYF or ATO for 8 weeks significantly reduced aortic plaque area in ORO and HE tests, and improved cognitive abilities in MWM and Y-maze tests. Network pharmacology results showed that MAPK or synaptic proteins were highly associated with CI. HFD contributed to abnormal expressions of MAPK (pERK, pP38, pJNK), NF-kB, synaptic proteins (PSD95, synapsin1) and β-amyloid (Aβ) in hippocampus, which were all reversed by ZXYF. However, ERK and PSD95 expressions were not reversed by ATO in hippocampus. CONCLUSIONS ZXYF mitigated AS, further alleviating CI by modulating MAPK signaling, relating to synaptic proteins enhancing and Aβ protein decreasing in the hippocampus. This study firstly lit up the new clinical application of ZXYF, which might promote the use of ZXYF in AS and CI patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Sun
- Key Laboratory of Integrative Biomedicine for Brain Diseases, School of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, PR China; National Famous Chinese Medicine Expert Inheritance Studio (Meng Jingchun), Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, School of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, PR China
| | - Hailou Zhang
- Interdisciplinary Institute for Personalized Medicine in Brain Disorders, School of Chinese Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, PR China; GHM Joint Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine on Brain-Peripheral Homeostasis and Comprehensive Health, School of Chinese Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, PR China
| | - Ruiyi Liu
- Interdisciplinary Institute for Personalized Medicine in Brain Disorders, School of Chinese Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, PR China
| | - Shan Xing
- Key Laboratory of Integrative Biomedicine for Brain Diseases, School of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, PR China; National Famous Chinese Medicine Expert Inheritance Studio (Meng Jingchun), Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, School of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, PR China
| | - Rumin Huang
- Key Laboratory of Integrative Biomedicine for Brain Diseases, School of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, PR China; National Famous Chinese Medicine Expert Inheritance Studio (Meng Jingchun), Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, School of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, PR China
| | - Dong Di
- Key Laboratory of Integrative Biomedicine for Brain Diseases, School of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, PR China; National Famous Chinese Medicine Expert Inheritance Studio (Meng Jingchun), Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, School of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, PR China
| | - Xiyuan Zhang
- Sheyang Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Yancheng, 224300, PR China
| | - Boran Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Integrative Biomedicine for Brain Diseases, School of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, PR China; National Famous Chinese Medicine Expert Inheritance Studio (Meng Jingchun), Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, School of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, PR China.
| | - Haoxin Wu
- Key Laboratory of Integrative Biomedicine for Brain Diseases, School of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, PR China; National Famous Chinese Medicine Expert Inheritance Studio (Meng Jingchun), Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, School of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, PR China.
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14
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Xu Y, Ge L, Rui Y, Wang Y, Wang Z, Yang J, Shi Y, Dong Z, Zhang Y, Zhang R, Yang T, Lv L, Xiang F, Chen S, Song A, Li T, Liu M, Guo Y. Suramin inhibits phenotypic transformation of vascular smooth muscle cells and neointima hyperplasia by suppressing transforming growth factor beta receptor 1 /Smad2/3 pathway activation. Eur J Pharmacol 2024; 968:176422. [PMID: 38365108 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2024.176422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2023] [Revised: 02/07/2024] [Accepted: 02/13/2024] [Indexed: 02/18/2024]
Abstract
Vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) contribute to neointimal hyperplasia (NIH) after vascular injury, a common feature of vascular remodelling disorders. Suramin is known to exert antitumour effects by inhibiting the proliferation of various tumour cells; however, its effects and mechanism on VSMCs remain unclear. This study investigated the effects of suramin on human aortic smooth muscle cells (HASMCs), rat aortic smooth muscle cells (RASMCs) and NIH to examine its suitability for the prevention of vascular remodelling disorders. In vitro, suramin administration reduced platelet-derived growth factor type BB (PDGF-BB)-stimulated proliferation, migration, and dedifferentiation of VSMCs through a transforming growth factor beta receptor 1 (TGFBR1)/Smad2/3-dependent pathway. Suramin dramatically inhibited NIH ligation in the left common carotid artery (LCCA) vivo. Therefore, our results indicate that suramin protects against the development of pathological vascular remodelling by attenuating VSMCs proliferation, migration, and phenotypic transformation and may be used as a potential medicine for the treatment of NIH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingjie Xu
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Luning Ge
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Yanan Rui
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Yuchen Wang
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Zhonghua Wang
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Jiemei Yang
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Yuanqi Shi
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China; The Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease Acousto-Optic Electromagnetic Diagnosis and Treatment in Heilongjiang Province, The First Affiliated Hospital, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Zengxiang Dong
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China; The Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease Acousto-Optic Electromagnetic Diagnosis and Treatment in Heilongjiang Province, The First Affiliated Hospital, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China; NHC Key Laboratory of Cell Transplantation, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, China
| | - Yu Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Rongzhen Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Tao Yang
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Lin Lv
- Experimental Animal Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Fei Xiang
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Sixuan Chen
- Department of Geriatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Aoliang Song
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Tiankai Li
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China.
| | - Mingyu Liu
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China; The Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease Acousto-Optic Electromagnetic Diagnosis and Treatment in Heilongjiang Province, The First Affiliated Hospital, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China.
| | - Yuanyuan Guo
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China; Department of Geriatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China.
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15
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Park SH, Kang MK, Kim DY, Lim SS, Kang IJ, Kang YH. Ellagic acid, a functional food component, ameliorates functionality of reverse cholesterol transport in murine model of atherosclerosis. Nutr Res Pract 2024; 18:194-209. [PMID: 38584811 PMCID: PMC10995779 DOI: 10.4162/nrp.2024.18.2.194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2023] [Revised: 02/03/2024] [Accepted: 02/08/2024] [Indexed: 04/09/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES High levels of plasma low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol are an important determinant of atherosclerotic lesion formation. The disruption of cholesterol efflux or reverse cholesterol transport (RCT) in peripheral tissues and macrophages may promote atherogenesis. The aim of the current study was to examine whether bioactive ellagic acid, a functional food component, improved RCT functionality and high-density lipoprotein (HDL) function in diet-induced atherogenesis of apolipoproteins E (apoE) knockout (KO) mice. MATERIALS/METHODS Wild type mice and apoE KO mice were fed a high-cholesterol Paigen diet for 10 weeks to induce hypercholesterolemia and atherosclerosis, and concomitantly received 10 mg/kg ellagic acid via gavage. RESULTS Supplying ellagic acid enhanced induction of apoE and ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporter G1 in oxidized LDL-exposed macrophages, facilitating cholesterol efflux associated with RCT. Oral administration of ellagic acid to apoE KO mice fed on Paigen diet improved hypercholesterolemia with reduced atherogenic index. This compound enhanced the expression of ABC transporters in peritoneal macrophages isolated from apoE KO mice fed on Paigen diet, indicating increased cholesterol efflux. Plasma levels of cholesterol ester transport protein and phospholipid transport protein involved in RCT were elevated in mice lack of apoE gene, which was substantially reduced by supplementing ellagic acid to Paigen diet-fed mice. In addition, ellagic acid attenuated hepatic lipid accumulation in apoE KO mice, evidenced by staining of hematoxylin and eosin and oil red O. Furthermore, the supplementation of 10 mg/kg ellagic acid favorably influenced the transcriptional levels of hepatic LDL receptor and scavenger receptor-B1 in Paigen diet-fed apoE KO mice. CONCLUSION Ellagic acid may be an athero-protective dietary compound encumbering diet-induced atherogenesis though improving the RCT functionality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sin-Hye Park
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition and Korean Institute of Nutrition, Hallym University, Chuncheon 24252, Korea
| | - Min-Kyung Kang
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Andong National University, Andong 36729, Korea
| | - Dong Yeon Kim
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Andong National University, Andong 36729, Korea
| | - Soon Sung Lim
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition and Korean Institute of Nutrition, Hallym University, Chuncheon 24252, Korea
| | - Il-Jun Kang
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition and Korean Institute of Nutrition, Hallym University, Chuncheon 24252, Korea
| | - Young-Hee Kang
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition and Korean Institute of Nutrition, Hallym University, Chuncheon 24252, Korea
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16
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Djuricic I, Calder PC. Omega-3 ( n-3) Fatty Acid-Statin Interaction: Evidence for a Novel Therapeutic Strategy for Atherosclerotic Cardiovascular Disease. Nutrients 2024; 16:962. [PMID: 38612996 PMCID: PMC11013773 DOI: 10.3390/nu16070962] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2024] [Revised: 03/24/2024] [Accepted: 03/25/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Managing atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD) often involves a combination of lifestyle modifications and medications aiming to decrease the risk of cardiovascular outcomes, such as myocardial infarction and stroke. The aim of this article is to discuss possible omega-3 (n-3) fatty acid-statin interactions in the prevention and treatment of ASCVD and to provide evidence to consider for clinical practice, highlighting novel insights in this field. Statins and n-3 fatty acids (eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA)) are commonly used to control cardiovascular risk factors in order to treat ASCVD. Statins are an important lipid-lowering therapy, primarily targeting low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) levels, while n-3 fatty acids address triglyceride (TG) concentrations. Both statins and n-3 fatty acids have pleiotropic actions which overlap, including improving endothelial function, modulation of inflammation, and stabilizing atherosclerotic plaques. Thus, both statins and n-3 fatty acids potentially mitigate the residual cardiovascular risk that remains beyond lipid lowering, such as persistent inflammation. EPA and DHA are both substrates for the synthesis of so-called specialized pro-resolving mediators (SPMs), a relatively recently recognized feature of their ability to combat inflammation. Interestingly, statins seem to have the ability to promote the production of some SPMs, suggesting a largely unrecognized interaction between statins and n-3 fatty acids with relevance to the control of inflammation. Although n-3 fatty acids are the major substrates for the production of SPMs, these signaling molecules may have additional therapeutic benefits beyond those provided by the precursor n-3 fatty acids themselves. In this article, we discuss the accumulating evidence that supports SPMs as a novel therapeutic tool and the possible statin-n-3 fatty acid interactions relevant to the prevention and treatment of ASCVD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivana Djuricic
- Department of Bromatology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Belgrade, 11221 Belgrade, Serbia;
| | - Philip C. Calder
- School of Human Development and Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton SO16 6YD, UK
- NIHR Southampton Biomedical Research Centre, University Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation Trust and University of Southampton, Southampton SO16 6YD, UK
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Huang K, Yin S, Xiao Y, Wang J, Cui J, Wang J, Bai Y. Sexual dysfunction in patients with diabetes: association between remnant cholesterol and erectile dysfunction. Lipids Health Dis 2024; 23:55. [PMID: 38388371 PMCID: PMC10882869 DOI: 10.1186/s12944-024-02046-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2023] [Accepted: 02/13/2024] [Indexed: 02/24/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Erectile dysfunction (ED) is closely associated with dyslipidemia; however, it is yet unknown how ED and remnant cholesterol (RC) are related. As such, this research sought to explore the correlation between RC and ED among individuals with diagnosed with diabetes. METHODS This cross-sectional study used information from 215 males from National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) from 2001 to 2004. RC was calculated as follows: the values of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-c) and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-c) were subtracted from the total cholesterol (TC) value, while ED diagnoses were based on self-reports. Weighted logistic regression analyses using both univariate and multivariate approaches were conducted to assess the correlation between RC and ED. RESULTS After comprehensive adjustment, multivariable logistic regression models revealed a strong correlation between RC and ED in subjects with diabetes (with an odds ratio (OR) of 7.49 and a 95% confidence interval (CI) of 1.98-28.37; P = 0.004). On categorizing RC into 3 grades (T1-T3), the OR corresponding to higher RC grade increased. Despite the results not reaching statistical significance upon categorization, a consistent and statistically significant trend (P for trend < 0.05) was observed. CONCLUSION This study indicated a correlation between increased RC levels and a higher prevalence of ED in diabetic males. RC may serve as a promising predictor of ED in individuals with diabetes. However, additional studies are required to confirm these findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ke Huang
- Department of Urology, Institute of Urology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, No. 37, Guoxue Alley, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Shan Yin
- Department of Urology, Affiliated Hospital of North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, China
| | - Yunfei Xiao
- Department of Urology, Institute of Urology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, No. 37, Guoxue Alley, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiahao Wang
- Department of Urology, Institute of Urology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, No. 37, Guoxue Alley, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Jianwei Cui
- Department of Urology, Institute of Urology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, No. 37, Guoxue Alley, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Jia Wang
- Department of Urology, Institute of Urology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, No. 37, Guoxue Alley, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, People's Republic of China.
| | - Yunjin Bai
- Department of Urology, Institute of Urology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, No. 37, Guoxue Alley, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, People's Republic of China.
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18
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Tuwar MN, Chen WH, Yeh HL, Bai CH. Association between Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor and Lipid Profiles in Acute Ischemic Stroke Patients. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:2380. [PMID: 38397057 PMCID: PMC10889431 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25042380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2024] [Revised: 02/08/2024] [Accepted: 02/15/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Ischemic stroke, the most prevalent form of stroke, leads to neurological impairment due to cerebral ischemia and affects 55-90% of the population. Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) plays a crucial role in the central nervous system and regulates cardiometabolic risk factors, including lipids. This single-center study aimed to explore the relationship between lipid profiles and BDNF levels in 90 patients who had experienced AIS for the first time. The results show that the high BDNF group (≥3.227 ng/mL) had significantly higher HbA1C and TG levels; ratios of TC/HDL-C, LDL-C/HDL-C, and TG/HDL-C; and percentage of hyperlipidemia (60%) as well as lower levels of HDL-C, with an OR of 1.903 (95% CI: 1.187-3.051) for TG/HDL-C, 1.975 (95% CI: 1.188-3.284) for TC/HDL-C, and 2.032 (95% CI: 1.113-3.711) for LDL-C/HDL-C. Plasma BDNF levels were found to be significantly positively correlated with TG and negatively with HDL-C, with OR values of 1.017 (95% CI: 1.003-1.030) and 0.926 (95% CI: 0.876-0.978), respectively. TC/HDL-C, TG/HDL-C, and LDL-C/HDL-C ratios are associated with BDNF levels in AIS patients. The results also indicate that, in AIS patients, higher BDNF levels are associated with lower HDL and higher TG concentrations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mayuri N. Tuwar
- School of Public Health, College of Public Health, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 106236, Taiwan;
| | - Wei-Hung Chen
- Department of Neurology, Shin Kong Wu Ho-Su Memorial Hospital, Taipei 111045, Taiwan
| | - Hsu-Ling Yeh
- Department of Neurology, Shin Kong Wu Ho-Su Memorial Hospital, Taipei 111045, Taiwan
| | - Chyi-Huey Bai
- School of Public Health, College of Public Health, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 106236, Taiwan;
- School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 106236, Taiwan
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19
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Pan Q, Chen C, Yang YJ. Top Five Stories of the Cellular Landscape and Therapies of Atherosclerosis: Current Knowledge and Future Perspectives. Curr Med Sci 2024; 44:1-27. [PMID: 38057537 DOI: 10.1007/s11596-023-2818-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2023] [Accepted: 10/22/2023] [Indexed: 12/08/2023]
Abstract
Atherosclerosis (AS) is characterized by impairment and apoptosis of endothelial cells, continuous systemic and focal inflammation and dysfunction of vascular smooth muscle cells, which is documented as the traditional cellular paradigm. However, the mechanisms appear much more complicated than we thought since a bulk of studies on efferocytosis, transdifferentiation and novel cell death forms such as ferroptosis, pyroptosis, and extracellular trap were reported. Discovery of novel pathological cellular landscapes provides a large number of therapeutic targets. On the other side, the unsatisfactory therapeutic effects of current treatment with lipid-lowering drugs as the cornerstone also restricts the efforts to reduce global AS burden. Stem cell- or nanoparticle-based strategies spurred a lot of attention due to the attractive therapeutic effects and minimized adverse effects. Given the complexity of pathological changes of AS, attempts to develop an almighty medicine based on single mechanisms could be theoretically challenging. In this review, the top stories in the cellular landscapes during the initiation and progression of AS and the therapies were summarized in an integrated perspective to facilitate efforts to develop a multi-targets strategy and fill the gap between mechanism research and clinical translation. The future challenges and improvements were also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Pan
- State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Department of Cardiology, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100037, China
| | - Cheng Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Department of Cardiology, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100037, China
| | - Yue-Jin Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Department of Cardiology, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100037, China.
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20
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Chen WH, Chen CH, Hsu MC, Chang RW, Wang CH, Lee TS. Advances in the molecular mechanisms of statins in regulating endothelial nitric oxide bioavailability: Interlocking biology between eNOS activity and L-arginine metabolism. Biomed Pharmacother 2024; 171:116192. [PMID: 38262153 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2024.116192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2023] [Revised: 01/15/2024] [Accepted: 01/18/2024] [Indexed: 01/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Statins, inhibitors of 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-coenzyme A, are widely used to treat hypercholesterolemia. In addition, statins have been suggested to reduce the risk of cardiovascular events owing to their pleiotropic effects on the vascular system, including vasodilation, anti-inflammation, anti-coagulation, anti-oxidation, and inhibition of vascular smooth muscle cell proliferation. The major beneficial effect of statins in maintaining vascular homeostasis is the induction of nitric oxide (NO) bioavailability by activating endothelial NO synthase (eNOS) in endothelial cells. The mechanisms underlying the increased NO bioavailability and eNOS activation by statins have been well-established in various fields, including transcriptional and post-transcriptional regulation, kinase-dependent phosphorylation and protein-protein interactions. However, the mechanism by which statins affect the metabolism of L-arginine, a precursor of NO biosynthesis, has rarely been discussed. Autophagy, which is crucial for energy homeostasis, regulates endothelial functions, including NO production and angiogenesis, and is a potential therapeutic target for cardiovascular diseases. In this review, in addition to summarizing the molecular mechanisms underlying increased NO bioavailability and eNOS activation by statins, we also discuss the effects of statins on the metabolism of L-arginine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Hua Chen
- Graduate Institute and Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Hui Chen
- Graduate Institute and Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Man-Chen Hsu
- Graduate Institute and Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ru-Wen Chang
- Cardiovascular Surgery, Department of Surgery, National Taiwan University Hospital and College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Hsien Wang
- Cardiovascular Surgery, Department of Surgery, National Taiwan University Hospital and College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan.
| | - Tzong-Shyuan Lee
- Graduate Institute and Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan.
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21
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Guo J, Chen S, Zhang Y, Liu J, Jiang L, Hu L, Yao K, Yu Y, Chen X. Cholesterol metabolism: physiological regulation and diseases. MedComm (Beijing) 2024; 5:e476. [PMID: 38405060 PMCID: PMC10893558 DOI: 10.1002/mco2.476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2023] [Revised: 01/09/2024] [Accepted: 01/12/2024] [Indexed: 02/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Cholesterol homeostasis is crucial for cellular and systemic function. The disorder of cholesterol metabolism not only accelerates the onset of cardiovascular disease (CVD) but is also the fundamental cause of other ailments. The regulation of cholesterol metabolism in the human is an extremely complex process. Due to the dynamic balance between cholesterol synthesis, intake, efflux and storage, cholesterol metabolism generally remains secure. Disruption of any of these links is likely to have adverse effects on the body. At present, increasing evidence suggests that abnormal cholesterol metabolism is closely related to various systemic diseases. However, the exact mechanism by which cholesterol metabolism contributes to disease pathogenesis remains unclear, and there are still unknown factors. In this review, we outline the metabolic process of cholesterol in the human body, especially reverse cholesterol transport (RCT). Then, we discuss separately the impact of abnormal cholesterol metabolism on common diseases and potential therapeutic targets for each disease, including CVD, tumors, neurological diseases, and immune system diseases. At the end of this review, we focus on the effect of cholesterol metabolism on eye diseases. In short, we hope to provide more new ideas for the pathogenesis and treatment of diseases from the perspective of cholesterol.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiarui Guo
- Eye Center of the Second Affiliated HospitalZhejiang University School of MedicineHangzhouZhejiang ProvinceChina
| | - Silong Chen
- Eye Center of the Second Affiliated HospitalZhejiang University School of MedicineHangzhouZhejiang ProvinceChina
| | - Ying Zhang
- Eye Center of the Second Affiliated HospitalZhejiang University School of MedicineHangzhouZhejiang ProvinceChina
- Institute of Translational MedicineZhejiang University School of MedicineHangzhouZhejiang ProvinceChina
| | - Jinxia Liu
- Eye Center of the Second Affiliated HospitalZhejiang University School of MedicineHangzhouZhejiang ProvinceChina
| | - Luyang Jiang
- Eye Center of the Second Affiliated HospitalZhejiang University School of MedicineHangzhouZhejiang ProvinceChina
| | - Lidan Hu
- National Clinical Research Center for Child HealthThe Children's HospitalZhejiang University School of MedicineHangzhouZhejiang ProvinceChina
| | - Ke Yao
- Eye Center of the Second Affiliated HospitalZhejiang University School of MedicineHangzhouZhejiang ProvinceChina
| | - Yibo Yu
- Eye Center of the Second Affiliated HospitalZhejiang University School of MedicineHangzhouZhejiang ProvinceChina
| | - Xiangjun Chen
- Eye Center of the Second Affiliated HospitalZhejiang University School of MedicineHangzhouZhejiang ProvinceChina
- Institute of Translational MedicineZhejiang University School of MedicineHangzhouZhejiang ProvinceChina
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22
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Yan Z, Liu Z, Yang B, Zhu X, Song E, Song Y. Long-term pulmonary iron oxide nanoparticles exposure disrupts hepatic iron-lipid homeostasis and increases plaque vulnerability in ApoE -/- mice. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2024; 341:122905. [PMID: 37951529 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2023.122905] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2023] [Revised: 10/17/2023] [Accepted: 11/07/2023] [Indexed: 11/14/2023]
Abstract
Iron oxide nanoparticles (Fe3O4 NPs) have attracted great attention due to their extensive applications, which warranted their environmental concerns. Although recent advances have proposed the relevance of Fe3O4 NPs to cardiovascular disease, the intrinsic mechanisms underlying the effects of NPs remain indistinct. ApoE-/- mice were chosen as a long-term exposure model to explore the immanent association between respiratory exposure to Fe3O4 NPs and the development of cardiovascular diseases. Pulmonary exposure to 20 nm and 200 nm Fe3O4 NPS resulted in significant lung injury, and pulmonary histopathological examination displayed inflammatory cell infiltration, septal thickening and alveolar congestion. Intriguingly, liver iron deposition and variations in the hepatic lipid homeostasis were found in Fe3O4 NPs-exposed mice, eventually leading to dyslipidemia, hinting the potential cardiovascular toxicity of Fe3O4 NPs. In addition, we not only found that Fe3O4 NPs exposure increased aortic plaque area, but also increased M1 macrophages in the plaque, which yielding plaque vulnerability in ApoE-/- mice Of note, 20 nm Fe3O4 NPs showed enhanced capability on the progression of atherosclerosis than 200 nm Fe3O4 NPs. This study may propose the potential mechanism for adverse cardiovascular disease induced by Fe3O4 NPs and provide convincing evidence for the safety evaluation of Fe3O4 NPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziyi Yan
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100085, China; Key Laboratory of Luminescence Analysis and Molecular Sensing (Southwest University), Ministry of Education, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China
| | - Zixuan Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100085, China; Key Laboratory of Luminescence Analysis and Molecular Sensing (Southwest University), Ministry of Education, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China
| | - Bingwei Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100085, China; Key Laboratory of Luminescence Analysis and Molecular Sensing (Southwest University), Ministry of Education, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China
| | - Xiangyu Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100085, China
| | - Erqun Song
- Key Laboratory of Luminescence Analysis and Molecular Sensing (Southwest University), Ministry of Education, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China
| | - Yang Song
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100085, China.
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23
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Yi M, Cruz Cisneros L, Cho EJ, Alexander M, Kimelman FA, Swentek L, Ferrey A, Tantisattamo E, Ichii H. Nrf2 Pathway and Oxidative Stress as a Common Target for Treatment of Diabetes and Its Comorbidities. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:821. [PMID: 38255895 PMCID: PMC10815857 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25020821] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2023] [Revised: 12/27/2023] [Accepted: 01/04/2024] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Diabetes is a chronic disease that induces many comorbidities, including cardiovascular disease, nephropathy, and liver damage. Many mechanisms have been suggested as to how diabetes leads to these comorbidities, of which increased oxidative stress in diabetic patients has been strongly implicated. Limited knowledge of antioxidative antidiabetic drugs and substances that can address diabetic comorbidities through the nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) pathway calls for detailed investigation. This review will describe how diabetes increases oxidative stress, the general impact of that oxidative stress, and how oxidative stress primarily contributes to diabetic comorbidities. It will also address how treatments for diabetes, especially focusing on their effects on the Nrf2 antioxidative pathway, have been shown to similarly affect the Nrf2 pathway of the heart, kidney, and liver systems. This review demonstrates that the Nrf2 pathway is a common pathogenic component of diabetes and its associated comorbidities, potentially identifying this pathway as a target to guide future treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michelle Yi
- Department of Surgery, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697, USA; (M.Y.); (L.C.C.); (E.J.C.); (M.A.); (F.A.K.); (L.S.)
| | - Leslie Cruz Cisneros
- Department of Surgery, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697, USA; (M.Y.); (L.C.C.); (E.J.C.); (M.A.); (F.A.K.); (L.S.)
| | - Eric J. Cho
- Department of Surgery, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697, USA; (M.Y.); (L.C.C.); (E.J.C.); (M.A.); (F.A.K.); (L.S.)
| | - Michael Alexander
- Department of Surgery, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697, USA; (M.Y.); (L.C.C.); (E.J.C.); (M.A.); (F.A.K.); (L.S.)
| | - Francesca A. Kimelman
- Department of Surgery, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697, USA; (M.Y.); (L.C.C.); (E.J.C.); (M.A.); (F.A.K.); (L.S.)
| | - Lourdes Swentek
- Department of Surgery, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697, USA; (M.Y.); (L.C.C.); (E.J.C.); (M.A.); (F.A.K.); (L.S.)
| | - Antoney Ferrey
- Department of Medicine, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697, USA; (A.F.); (E.T.)
| | - Ekamol Tantisattamo
- Department of Medicine, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697, USA; (A.F.); (E.T.)
| | - Hirohito Ichii
- Department of Surgery, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697, USA; (M.Y.); (L.C.C.); (E.J.C.); (M.A.); (F.A.K.); (L.S.)
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24
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Xing L, Kong F, Wang C, Li L, Peng S, Wang D, Li C. The amelioration of a purified Pleurotus abieticola polysaccharide on atherosclerosis in ApoE -/- mice. Food Funct 2024; 15:79-95. [PMID: 38031758 DOI: 10.1039/d3fo02740f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2023]
Abstract
In this study, a polysaccharide known as PAPS2 was eluted from Pleurotus abieticola fruiting bodies using 0.1 M NaCl solutions. PAPS2 has a Mw of 19.64 kDa and its backbone is mainly composed of →6)-α-D-Galp-(1→, →6)-β-D-Glcp-(1→ and →2,6)-α-D-Galp-(1→ residues, and its branches mainly end with β-D-Manp-(1→, which is attached at C2 of →2,6)-α-D-Galp-(1→. PAPS2 elicited several effects in high-fat diet (HFD)-fed ApoE-/- mice. It significantly reduced the body weight, liver index, and serum levels of total cholesterol (TC) and triglycerides (TGs), and it alleviated lipid accumulation in the aorta. Intestinal microflora analysis showed that PAPS2 suppressed the abundances of Adlercreutzia, Turicibacter, and Helicobacter and enriched that of Roseburia. It also influenced lipid metabolism, suggesting that it reduced the levels of TGs, lysophosphatidylcholine (LPC), phosphatidylcholine (PC), and ceramide (Cer). Moreover, it suppressed oxidative response by increasing nuclear factor erythroid 2 (Nrf2)-related factor expression and activating the antioxidant enzymes superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) to reduce the level of reactive oxygen species (ROS). Meanwhile, it showed anti-inflammatory effects partially related to the inhibition of toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4)/nuclear factor kappa-B (NF-κB) signaling induced by lipopolysaccharide (LPS) in RAW 264.7 cells, as well as in the aorta of HFD-fed ApoE-/- mice. This study provides experimental evidence of the auxiliary applicability of PAPS2 in atherosclerosis treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Xing
- Engineering Research Center of Chinese Ministry of Education for Edible and Medicinal Fungi, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, 130118, China.
- College of Plant Protection, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, 130118, China
| | - Fange Kong
- Engineering Research Center of Chinese Ministry of Education for Edible and Medicinal Fungi, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, 130118, China.
- College of Plant Protection, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, 130118, China
| | - Chunxia Wang
- Engineering Research Center of Chinese Ministry of Education for Edible and Medicinal Fungi, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, 130118, China.
- College of Plant Protection, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, 130118, China
| | - Lanzhou Li
- Engineering Research Center of Chinese Ministry of Education for Edible and Medicinal Fungi, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, 130118, China.
- College of Plant Protection, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, 130118, China
| | - Shichao Peng
- Engineering Research Center of Chinese Ministry of Education for Edible and Medicinal Fungi, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, 130118, China.
- College of Plant Protection, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, 130118, China
| | - Di Wang
- Engineering Research Center of Chinese Ministry of Education for Edible and Medicinal Fungi, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, 130118, China.
| | - Changtian Li
- Engineering Research Center of Chinese Ministry of Education for Edible and Medicinal Fungi, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, 130118, China.
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25
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Kueck PJ, Morris JK, Stanford JA. Current Perspectives: Obesity and Neurodegeneration - Links and Risks. Degener Neurol Neuromuscul Dis 2023; 13:111-129. [PMID: 38196559 PMCID: PMC10774290 DOI: 10.2147/dnnd.s388579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2023] [Accepted: 12/21/2023] [Indexed: 01/11/2024] Open
Abstract
Obesity is increasing in prevalence across all age groups. Long-term obesity can lead to the development of metabolic and cardiovascular diseases through its effects on adipose, skeletal muscle, and liver tissue. Pathological mechanisms associated with obesity include immune response and inflammation as well as oxidative stress and consequent endothelial and mitochondrial dysfunction. Recent evidence links obesity to diminished brain health and neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer's disease (AD) and Parkinson's disease (PD). Both AD and PD are associated with insulin resistance, an underlying syndrome of obesity. Despite these links, causative mechanism(s) resulting in neurodegenerative disease remain unclear. This review discusses relationships between obesity, AD, and PD, including clinical and preclinical findings. The review then briefly explores nonpharmacological directions for intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul J Kueck
- Department of Neurology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, 66160, USA
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, 66160, USA
| | - Jill K Morris
- Department of Neurology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, 66160, USA
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, 66160, USA
- University of Kansas Alzheimer’s Disease Research Center, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, 66160, USA
| | - John A Stanford
- University of Kansas Alzheimer’s Disease Research Center, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, 66160, USA
- Landon Center on Aging, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, 66160, USA
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26
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Zhong X, Huang R, Chen X, Lei Y. A Review on the Pharmacological Aspects of Engeletin as Natural Compound. Drug Des Devel Ther 2023; 17:3833-3843. [PMID: 38152488 PMCID: PMC10752015 DOI: 10.2147/dddt.s437703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2023] [Accepted: 12/12/2023] [Indexed: 12/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Engeletin (ENG) is a natural flavonoid compound known for its diverse physiological and pharmacological effects, such as anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and immunomodulatory properties. It has garnered significant attention as a promising candidate for drug development. Objective This article aims to comprehensively review the clinical application, pharmacological action, and potential mechanisms of ENG, while exploring its prospects in clinical pharmacology. Methods We conducted a systematic search of PubMed, Science Direct, Google Scholar, Web of Science, Scopus, and MEDLINE for a thorough review of high-quality articles on the source, extraction, and application of ENG, or the primary active ingredient for improving bodily injuries. Results ENG exhibits significant potential in treating a variety of diseases across different systems, attributed to its anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, anti-tumor, and metabolic regulatory activities. These effects are linked to direct or indirect interactions with multiple pathways involving key molecules upstream and downstream. Conclusion While ENG shows promise, its development requires further exploration. Future studies should focus on elucidating its mechanisms of action, identifying targets through clinical studies, and optimizing compounds for drug development. These research directions are crucial for advancing the development and application of flavonoids. This review underscores the significant research potential of ENG, paving the way for its application in diverse clinical settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xing Zhong
- Cardiovascular Disease Center, Central Hospital of Enshi Tujia and Miao Autonomous Prefecture, Hubei Minzu University, Enshi, People’s Republic of China
| | - Rui Huang
- Cardiovascular Disease Center, Central Hospital of Enshi Tujia and Miao Autonomous Prefecture, Enshi, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xin Chen
- Cardiovascular Disease Center, Central Hospital of Enshi Tujia and Miao Autonomous Prefecture, Enshi, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yuhua Lei
- Cardiovascular Disease Center, Central Hospital of Enshi Tujia and Miao Autonomous Prefecture, Enshi, People’s Republic of China
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Ahn YJ, Wang L, Kim S, Eber MR, Salerno AG, Asmis R. Macrophage-restricted overexpression of glutaredoxin 1 protects against atherosclerosis by preventing nutrient stress-induced macrophage dysfunction and reprogramming. Atherosclerosis 2023; 387:117383. [PMID: 38061313 PMCID: PMC10872283 DOI: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2023.117383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2023] [Revised: 11/03/2023] [Accepted: 11/07/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Deficiency in the thiol transferase glutaredoxin 1 (Grx1) in aging mice promotes, in a sexually dimorphic manner, dysregulation of macrophages and atherogenesis. However, the underlying mechanisms are not known. Here we tested the hypothesis that macrophage-restricted overexpression of Grx1 protects atherosclerosis-prone mice against macrophage reprogramming and dysfunction induced by a high-calorie diet (HCD) and thereby reduces the severity of atherosclerosis. METHODS We generated lentiviral vectors carrying cluster of differentiation 68 (CD68) promoter-driven enhanced green fluorescent protein (EGFP) or Grx1 constructs and conducted bone marrow (BM) transplantation studies to overexpress Grx1 in a macrophage-specific manner in male and female atherosclerosis-prone LDLR-/- mice, and fed these mice a HCD to induce atherogenesis. Atherosclerotic lesion size was determined in both the aortic root and the aorta. We isolated BM-derived macrophages (BMDM) to assess protein S-glutathionylation levels and loss of mitogen-activated protein kinase phosphatase 1 (MKP-1) activity as measures of HCD-induced thiol oxidative stress. We also conducted gene profiling on these BMDM to determine the impact of Grx1 activity on HCD-induced macrophage reprogramming. RESULTS Overexpression of Grx1 protected macrophages against HCD-induced protein S-glutathionylation, reduced monocyte chemotaxis in vivo, limited macrophage recruitment into atherosclerotic lesions, and was sufficient to reduce the severity of atherogenesis in both male and female mice. Gene profiling revealed major sex differences in the transcriptional reprogramming of macrophages induced by HCD feeding, but Grx1 overexpression only partially reversed HCD-induced transcriptional reprogramming of macrophages. CONCLUSIONS Macrophage Grx1 plays a major role in protecting mice atherosclerosis mainly by maintaining the thiol redox state of the macrophage proteome and preventing macrophage dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong Joo Ahn
- Department of Convergence IT Engineering, School of Convergence Science and Technology, Medical Science and Engineering Program, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), South Korea
| | - Luxi Wang
- Department of Physiology of the School of Basic Medical Science at Zhejiang University, China
| | - Seonwook Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Wake Forest School of Medicine, USA
| | - Matthew R Eber
- Department of Internal Medicine, Wake Forest School of Medicine, USA
| | | | - Reto Asmis
- Department of Internal Medicine, Wake Forest School of Medicine, USA.
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Xing Z, Zhen Y, Chen J, Du M, Li D, Liu R, Zheng J. KPNA2 Silencing, Regulated by E3 Ubiquitin Ligase FBXW7, Alleviates Endothelial Dysfunction and Inflammation Through Inhibiting the Nuclear Translocation of p65 and IRF3: A Possible Therapeutic Approach for Atherosclerosis. Inflammation 2023; 46:2071-2088. [PMID: 37432596 DOI: 10.1007/s10753-023-01863-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2023] [Revised: 06/20/2023] [Accepted: 06/21/2023] [Indexed: 07/12/2023]
Abstract
Atherosclerosis (AS), characterized by a maladaptive inflammatory response, is one of the most common causes of death among the elderly. Karyopherin subunit alpha 2 (KPNA2), a member of the nuclear transport protein family, has been reported to play a pro-inflammatory role in various pathological processes by regulating the nuclear translocation of pro-inflammatory transcription factors. However, the function of KPNA2 in AS remains unknown. ApoE-/- mice were fed high-fat diets for 12 weeks to establish an AS mice model. Human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) were treated with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) to establish an AS cell model. We found that KPNA2 was upregulated in the aortic roots of atherosclerotic mice and LPS-stimulated cells. KPNA2 knockdown inhibited LPS-induced secretion of pro-inflammatory factors and monocyte-endothelial adhesion in HUVECs, whereas KPNA2 overexpression exerted the opposite effects. p65 and interferon regulatory factor 3 (IRF3), the transcription factors known to regulate the transcription of pro-inflammatory genes, interacted with KPNA2, and their nuclear translocations were blocked following KPNA2 silencing. Furthermore, we found that KPNA2 protein level was decreased by E3 ubiquitin ligase F-box and WD repeat domain containing 7 (FBXW7), which was downregulated in the atherosclerotic mice. FBXW7 overexpression induced ubiquitination with subsequent proteasomal degradation of KPNA2. Meanwhile, the effects of KPNA2 deficiency on atherosclerotic lesions were further confirmed by in vivo experiments. Taken together, our study indicates that KPNA2 downregulation, regulated by FBXW7, may alleviate endothelial dysfunction and related inflammation in the progression of AS by suppressing the nuclear translocation of p65 and IRF3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zeyu Xing
- Department of Radiology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, 39 Huaxiang Road, Shenyang, 110022, Liaoning, People's Republic of China
| | - Yanhua Zhen
- Department of Radiology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, 39 Huaxiang Road, Shenyang, 110022, Liaoning, People's Republic of China
| | - Jie Chen
- Department of Radiology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, 39 Huaxiang Road, Shenyang, 110022, Liaoning, People's Republic of China
| | - Mingyang Du
- Department of Radiology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, 39 Huaxiang Road, Shenyang, 110022, Liaoning, People's Republic of China
| | - Dongdong Li
- Department of Radiology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, 39 Huaxiang Road, Shenyang, 110022, Liaoning, People's Republic of China
| | - Ruyin Liu
- Department of Radiology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, 39 Huaxiang Road, Shenyang, 110022, Liaoning, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiahe Zheng
- Department of Radiology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, 39 Huaxiang Road, Shenyang, 110022, Liaoning, People's Republic of China.
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Kang DH, Kim Y, Min S, Lee SY, Chung KY, Baek IJ, Kwon K, Jo H, Kang SW. Blood flow patterns switch VEGFR2 activity through differential S-nitrosylation and S-oxidation. Cell Rep 2023; 42:113361. [PMID: 37910508 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2023.113361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2023] [Revised: 09/15/2023] [Accepted: 10/16/2023] [Indexed: 11/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Vascular endothelial growth factor receptor-2 (VEGFR2) plays a key role in maintaining vascular endothelial homeostasis. Here, we show that blood flows determine activation and inactivation of VEGFR2 through selective cysteine modifications. VEGFR2 activation is regulated by reversible oxidation at Cys1206 residue. H2O2-mediated VEGFR2 oxidation is induced by oscillatory flow in vascular endothelial cells through the induction of NADPH oxidase-4 expression. In contrast, laminar flow induces the expression of endothelial nitric oxide synthase and results in the S-nitrosylation of VEGFR2 at Cys1206, which counteracts the oxidative inactivation. The shear stress model study reveals that disturbed blood flow operated by partial ligation in the carotid arteries induces endothelial damage and intimal hyperplasia in control mice but not in knock-in mice harboring the oxidation-resistant mutant (C1206S) of VEGFR2. Thus, our findings reveal that flow-dependent redox regulation of the VEGFR2 kinase is critical for the structural and functional integrity of the arterial endothelium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong Hoon Kang
- Department of Life Science, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 03760, Republic of Korea
| | - Yerin Kim
- Department of Life Science, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 03760, Republic of Korea
| | - Seongchun Min
- Department of Life Science, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 03760, Republic of Korea
| | - Su Youn Lee
- School of Pharmacy, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Ka Young Chung
- School of Pharmacy, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - In-Jeoung Baek
- Convergence Medicine Research Center, Asan Institute for Life Sciences, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul 05505, Republic of Korea
| | - Kihwan Kwon
- Department of Cardiology, College of Medicine, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 07804, Republic of Korea
| | - Hanjoong Jo
- Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Emory University and Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Sang Won Kang
- Department of Life Science, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 03760, Republic of Korea.
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30
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Baek KI, Ryu K. Role of Flow-Sensitive Endothelial Genes in Atherosclerosis and Antiatherogenic Therapeutics Development. J Cardiovasc Transl Res 2023:10.1007/s12265-023-10463-w. [PMID: 38010480 DOI: 10.1007/s12265-023-10463-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2023] [Accepted: 11/14/2023] [Indexed: 11/29/2023]
Abstract
Atherosclerosis is a chronic inflammatory disease that is the underlying cause of cardiovascular disease which initiates from endothelial dysfunction from genetic and environmental risk factors, including biomechanical forces: blood flow. Endothelial cells (ECs) lining the inner arterial wall regions exposed to disturbed flow are prone to atherosclerosis development, whereas the straight regions exposed to stable flow are spared from the disease. These flow patterns induce genome- and epigenome-wide changes in gene expression in ECs. Through the sweeping changes in gene expression, disturbed flow reprograms ECs from athero-protected cell types under the stable flow condition to pro-atherogenic cell conditions. The pro-atherogenic changes induced by disturbed flow, in combination with additional risk factors such as hypercholesterolemia, lead to the progression of atherosclerosis. The flow-sensitive genes and proteins are critical in understanding the mechanisms and serve as novel targets for antiatherogenic therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyung In Baek
- Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology and Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Kitae Ryu
- Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology and Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA.
- Department of Biotechnology, The University of Suwon, 17, Wauan-Gil, Bongdam-Eup, Hwaseong-Si, Gyeonggi-Do, 18323, Republic of Korea.
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Harada S, Ohmomo H, Matsumoto M, Sata M, Iida M, Hirata A, Miyagawa N, Kuwabara K, Kato S, Toki R, Edagawa S, Sugiyama D, Sato A, Hirayama A, Sugimoto M, Soga T, Tomita M, Shimizu A, Okamura T, Takebayashi T. Metabolomics profiles alterations in cigarette smokers and heated tobacco product users. J Epidemiol 2023:JE20230170. [PMID: 37926518 DOI: 10.2188/jea.je20230170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Heated tobacco products (HTPs) have gained global popularity, but their health risks remain unclear. Therefore, the current study aimed to identify plasma metabolites associated with smoking and HTP use in a large Japanese population to improve health risk assessment. METHODS Metabolomics data from 9,922 baseline participants of the Tsuruoka Metabolomics Cohort Study (TMCS) were analyzed to determine the association between smoking habits and plasma metabolites. Moreover, alterations in smoking-related metabolites among HTP users were examined based on data obtained from 3,334 participants involved from April 2018 to June 2019 in a follow-up survey. RESULTS Our study revealed that cigarette smokers had metabolomics profiles distinct from never smokers, with 22 polar metabolites identified as candidate biomarkers for smoking. These biomarker profiles of HTP users were closer to those of cigarette smokers than those of never smokers. The concentration of glutamate was higher in cigarette smokers, and biomarkers involved in glutamate metabolism were also associated with cigarette smoking and HTP use. Network pathway analysis showed that smoking was associated with the glutamate pathway, which could lead to endothelial dysfunction and atherosclerosis of the vessels. CONCLUSIONS Our study showed that the glutamate pathway is affected by habitual smoking. These changes in the glutamate pathway may partly explain the mechanism by which cigarette smoking causes cardiovascular disease. HTP use was also associated with glutamate metabolism, indicating that HTP use may contribute to the development of cardiovascular disease through mechanisms similar to those in cigarette use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sei Harada
- Department of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Keio University School of Medicine
- Institute for Advanced Biosciences, Keio University
| | - Hideki Ohmomo
- Iwate Tohoku Medical Megabank Organization, Iwate Medical University
| | - Minako Matsumoto
- Department of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Keio University School of Medicine
| | - Mizuki Sata
- Department of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Keio University School of Medicine
| | - Miho Iida
- Department of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Keio University School of Medicine
| | - Aya Hirata
- Department of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Keio University School of Medicine
| | - Naoko Miyagawa
- Department of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Keio University School of Medicine
| | - Kazuyo Kuwabara
- Department of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Keio University School of Medicine
| | - Suzuka Kato
- Department of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Keio University School of Medicine
| | - Ryota Toki
- Department of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Keio University School of Medicine
| | - Shun Edagawa
- Department of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Keio University School of Medicine
| | - Daisuke Sugiyama
- Department of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Keio University School of Medicine
| | - Asako Sato
- Institute for Advanced Biosciences, Keio University
| | | | | | | | | | - Atsushi Shimizu
- Iwate Tohoku Medical Megabank Organization, Iwate Medical University
| | - Tomonori Okamura
- Department of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Keio University School of Medicine
| | - Toru Takebayashi
- Department of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Keio University School of Medicine
- Institute for Advanced Biosciences, Keio University
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Nagayama D, Watanabe Y, Yamaguchi T, Fujishiro K, Suzuki K, Shirai K, Saiki A. Relationship of serum lipid parameters with kidney function decline accompanied by systemic arterial stiffness: a retrospective cohort study. Clin Kidney J 2023; 16:2289-2298. [PMID: 37915913 PMCID: PMC10616449 DOI: 10.1093/ckj/sfad131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2023] [Indexed: 11/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Dyslipidemia is associated with kidney function decline (KFD), although the non-linear relationship of lipid parameters to KFD has not been fully elucidated. We aimed to determine the detailed relationship of baseline lipid parameters with KFD, considering the mediation of arterial stiffness. Methods A total of 27 864 urban residents with estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) ≥60 mL/min/1.73 m2 at baseline, who participated in a median of three (range two to eight) consecutive annual health examinations were studied. Arterial stiffness was assessed by cardio-ankle vascular index (CAVI). KFD was defined as development of eGFR <60 mL/min/1.73 m2. Results During the study period, 1837 participants (6.6%) developed KFD. Receiver operating characteristic analysis determined that the cutoff values independently associated with KFD are 123 mg/dL for low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) [area under the curve (95% confidence interval) 0.570 (0.557-0.583)], 65 mg/dL for high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) [0.552 (0.539-0.566)], 82 mg/dL for triglycerides (TG) [0.606 (0.593-0.618)] and 1.28 for TG/HDL-C ratio [0.600 (0.587-0.612)]. These cut-offs were independently associated with KFD in Cox analysis. Regarding the contribution of each lipid parameter to KFD, a linear relationship was observed for both TG and TG/HDL-C, and a U-shaped relationship for HDL-C. A adjusted mediating effect of CAVI on the relationship of TG or TG/HDL-C ratio with KFD was observed (mediating rate: 2.9% in TG, 2.5% in TG/HDL-C ratio). Regarding the association to KFD, a linear relationship was observed for both TG and TG/HDL-C, and a U-shaped relationship for HDL-C. A mediating effect of CAVI on the relationship of TG or TG/HDL-C ratio with KFD was observed after adjustment for confounders. Conclusions TG and TG/HDL-C ratio related linearly to KFD and this was partially mediated by CAVI. A U-shaped relationship was observed between HDL-C and KFD risk. LDL-C showed no significant association. Further study should investigate whether intensive TG-lowering treatment prevents KFD via decreasing CAVI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daiji Nagayama
- Department of Internal Medicine, Nagayama Clinic, Oyama, Tochigi, Japan
- Center of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Toho University, Sakura Medical Center, Sakura, Chiba, Japan
| | - Yasuhiro Watanabe
- Center of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Toho University, Sakura Medical Center, Sakura, Chiba, Japan
| | - Takashi Yamaguchi
- Center of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Toho University, Sakura Medical Center, Sakura, Chiba, Japan
| | | | - Kenji Suzuki
- Japan Health Promotion Foundation, Shibuya-Ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kohji Shirai
- Department of Internal Medicine, Mihama Hospital, Chiba, Chiba, Japan
| | - Atsuhito Saiki
- Center of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Toho University, Sakura Medical Center, Sakura, Chiba, Japan
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Appleton BD, Palmer SA, Smith HP, Stephens LE, Major AS. Oxidized Phospholipid oxPAPC Alters Regulatory T-Cell Differentiation and Decreases Their Protective Function in Atherosclerosis in Mice. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2023; 43:2119-2132. [PMID: 37675632 PMCID: PMC10720352 DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.123.319674] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2023] [Accepted: 08/22/2023] [Indexed: 09/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Regulatory T cells (Tregs) are protective in atherosclerosis but reduced during disease progression due to cell death and loss of stability. However, the mechanisms of Treg dysfunction remain unknown. Oxidized phospholipids are abundant in atherosclerosis and can activate innate immune cells, but little is known regarding their impact on T cells. Given Treg loss during atherosclerosis progression and oxidized phospholipid levels in the plaque microenvironment, we investigated whether oxidized 1-palmitoyl-2-arachidonoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine (oxPAPC), an oxidized phospholipid associated with atherosclerotic plaques, alters Treg differentiation and function. METHODS CD4+ T cells were polarized to Treg, T helper (Th) 1, and Th17 cells with or without oxPAPC and assessed by flow cytometry. Gene expression in oxPAPC-treated Tregs was analyzed by bulk RNA sequencing. Functional studies of oxPAPC-induced Tregs were performed by coculturing Tregs with CellTrace Violet-labeled cells in vitro, and by adoptively transferring Tregs to hyperlipidemic Ldlr-/- mice to measure atherosclerosis progression. RESULTS Compared with controls, oxPAPC-treated Tregs were less viable, but surviving cells expressed higher levels of the Th1-associated markers T-bet, CXCR3, and IFN (interferon)-γ. Th1 and Th17 skewing cultures were unaltered by oxPAPC. IFN-γ is linked to Treg instability, thus Treg polarization experiments were repeated using Ifngr1-/- CD4+ T cells. IFNγR1 (INF gamma receptor 1) deficiency did not improve cell viability in oxPAPC-treated Tregs; however, T-bet and IFN-γ expression was not increased in surviving cells suggesting a role for IFN-γsignaling. OxPAPC-treated Tregs were less suppressive in vitro, and adoptive transfer studies in hyperlipidemic Ldlr-/- mice showed that oxPAPC-induced Tregs possessed altered tissue homing and were insufficient to inhibit atherosclerosis progression. CONCLUSIONS OxPAPC elicits Treg-specific changes altering Treg differentiation and inducing a Th1-like phenotype in surviving cells partially through IFN-γ signaling. This is biologically relevant as oxPAPC-treated Tregs do not reduce atherosclerosis progression in Ldlr-/- mice. This study supports the role of oxidized phospholipids in negatively impacting Treg differentiation and atheroprotective function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brenna D. Appleton
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, Vanderbilt University
| | | | | | | | - Amy S. Major
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, Vanderbilt University
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center
- Tennessee Valley Health System, Department of Veterans Affairs
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Patterson MT, Firulyova MM, Xu Y, Hillman H, Bishop C, Zhu A, Hickok GH, Schrank PR, Ronayne CE, Caillot Z, Fredrickson G, Kennedy AE, Acharya N, Neels JG, Chinetti G, Revelo X, Stromnes IM, Ivanov S, Bold TD, Zaitsev K, Williams JW. Trem2 promotes foamy macrophage lipid uptake and survival in atherosclerosis. NATURE CARDIOVASCULAR RESEARCH 2023; 2:1015-1031. [PMID: 38646596 PMCID: PMC11031198 DOI: 10.1038/s44161-023-00354-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2022] [Accepted: 09/22/2023] [Indexed: 04/23/2024]
Abstract
Atherosclerosis is driven by the expansion of cholesterol-loaded 'foamy' macrophages in the arterial intima. Factors regulating foamy macrophage differentiation and survival in plaque remain poorly understood. Here we show, using trajectory analysis of integrated single-cell RNA sequencing data and a genome-wide CRISPR screen, that triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells 2 (Trem2) is associated with foamy macrophage specification. Loss of Trem2 led to a reduced ability of foamy macrophages to take up oxidized low-density lipoprotein (oxLDL). Myeloid-specific deletion of Trem2 showed an attenuation of plaque progression, even when targeted in established atherosclerotic lesions, and was independent of changes in circulating cytokines, monocyte recruitment or cholesterol levels. Mechanistically, we link Trem2-deficient macrophages with a failure to upregulate cholesterol efflux molecules, resulting in impaired proliferation and survival. Overall, we identify Trem2 as a regulator of foamy macrophage differentiation and atherosclerotic plaque growth and as a putative therapeutic target for atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael T. Patterson
- Center for Immunology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN USA
- Department of Integrative Biology and Physiology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN USA
| | - Maria M. Firulyova
- ITMO University, Saint Petersburg, Russia
- Almazov National Medical Research Centre, Saint Petersburg, Russia
| | - Yingzheng Xu
- Center for Immunology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN USA
- Department of Integrative Biology and Physiology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN USA
| | - Hannah Hillman
- Center for Immunology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN USA
- Department of Integrative Biology and Physiology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN USA
| | - Courtney Bishop
- Center for Immunology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN USA
- Department of Integrative Biology and Physiology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN USA
| | - Alisha Zhu
- Center for Immunology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN USA
- Department of Integrative Biology and Physiology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN USA
| | - Grant H. Hickok
- Center for Immunology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN USA
| | - Patricia R. Schrank
- Center for Immunology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN USA
- Department of Integrative Biology and Physiology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN USA
| | - Christine E. Ronayne
- Center for Immunology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN USA
- Department of Medicine, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN USA
| | | | - Gavin Fredrickson
- Center for Immunology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN USA
- Department of Integrative Biology and Physiology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN USA
| | - Ainsley E. Kennedy
- Center for Immunology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN USA
- Department of Integrative Biology and Physiology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN USA
| | - Nisha Acharya
- Center for Immunology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN USA
- Department of Integrative Biology and Physiology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN USA
| | | | | | - Xavier Revelo
- Center for Immunology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN USA
- Department of Integrative Biology and Physiology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN USA
| | - Ingunn M. Stromnes
- Center for Immunology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN USA
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN USA
| | | | - Tyler D. Bold
- Center for Immunology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN USA
- Department of Medicine, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN USA
| | | | - Jesse W. Williams
- Center for Immunology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN USA
- Department of Integrative Biology and Physiology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN USA
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35
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Luca AC, David SG, David AG, Țarcă V, Pădureț IA, Mîndru DE, Roșu ST, Roșu EV, Adumitrăchioaiei H, Bernic J, Cojocaru E, Țarcă E. Atherosclerosis from Newborn to Adult-Epidemiology, Pathological Aspects, and Risk Factors. Life (Basel) 2023; 13:2056. [PMID: 37895437 PMCID: PMC10608492 DOI: 10.3390/life13102056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2023] [Revised: 10/02/2023] [Accepted: 10/12/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular disease is the leading cause of mortality and morbidity throughout the world, accounting for 16.7 million deaths each year. The underlying pathological process for the majority of cardiovascular diseases is atherosclerosis, a slowly progressing, multifocal, chronic, immune-inflammatory disease that involves the intima of large and medium-sized arteries. The process of atherosclerosis begins in childhood as fatty streaks-an accumulation of lipids, inflammatory cells, and smooth muscle cells in the arterial wall. Over time, a more complex lesion develops into an atheroma and characteristic fibrous plaques. Atherosclerosis alone is rarely fatal; it is the further changes that render fibrous plaques vulnerable to rupture; plaque rupture represents the most common cause of coronary thrombosis. The prevalence of atherosclerosis is increasing worldwide and more than 50% of people with circulatory disease die of it, mostly in modern societies. Epidemiological studies have revealed several environmental and genetic risk factors that are associated with the early formation of a pathogenic foundation for atherosclerosis, such as dyslipidemia, hypertension, diabetes mellitus, obesity, and smoking. The purpose of this review is to bring together the current information concerning the origin and progression of atherosclerosis in childhood as well as the identification of known risk factors for atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease in children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alina Costina Luca
- Pediatrics Department, “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 700115 Iasi, Romania; (A.C.L.); (D.E.M.); (E.V.R.)
| | - Simona Georgiana David
- Saint Mary Emergency Hospital for Children, 700309 Iasi, Romania; (S.G.D.); (A.G.D.); (I.-A.P.); (H.A.)
| | - Alexandru Gabriel David
- Saint Mary Emergency Hospital for Children, 700309 Iasi, Romania; (S.G.D.); (A.G.D.); (I.-A.P.); (H.A.)
| | - Viorel Țarcă
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Interdisciplinarity, “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 700115 Iasi, Romania
| | - Ioana-Alexandra Pădureț
- Saint Mary Emergency Hospital for Children, 700309 Iasi, Romania; (S.G.D.); (A.G.D.); (I.-A.P.); (H.A.)
| | - Dana Elena Mîndru
- Pediatrics Department, “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 700115 Iasi, Romania; (A.C.L.); (D.E.M.); (E.V.R.)
| | - Solange Tamara Roșu
- Nursing Department, “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 700115 Iasi, Romania;
| | - Eduard Vasile Roșu
- Pediatrics Department, “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 700115 Iasi, Romania; (A.C.L.); (D.E.M.); (E.V.R.)
| | - Heidrun Adumitrăchioaiei
- Saint Mary Emergency Hospital for Children, 700309 Iasi, Romania; (S.G.D.); (A.G.D.); (I.-A.P.); (H.A.)
| | - Jana Bernic
- Discipline of Pediatric Surgery, “Nicolae Testemițanu” State University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 2025 Chisinau, Moldova;
| | - Elena Cojocaru
- Department of Morphofunctional Sciences I—Pathology, “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 700115 Iasi, Romania
| | - Elena Țarcă
- Surgery II Department—Pediatric Surgery, “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 700115 Iasi, Romania;
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Zeng W, Jin Q, Wang X. Reassessing the Effects of Dietary Fat on Cardiovascular Disease in China: A Review of the Last Three Decades. Nutrients 2023; 15:4214. [PMID: 37836498 PMCID: PMC10574257 DOI: 10.3390/nu15194214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2023] [Revised: 09/27/2023] [Accepted: 09/27/2023] [Indexed: 10/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is a leading cause of global mortality, and is considered one of diseases with the most rapid growth rate in China. Numerous studies have indicated a closed relationship between an increased incidence of CVD and dietary factors. Dietary fat is one of the three primary nutrients of consumption; however, high fat dietary in causing CVD has been neglected in some official dietary guidelines. Our present review has analyzed the relationship between dietary fat consumption and CVD in China over the past 30 years (from 1990 to 2019). There is a significant correlation between CVD incidence and mortality for consumption of both vegetable oils and animal fats, per capita consumption, and the relative weight of dietary fat exceeding that of other food ingredients (e.g., salt, fruit, and marine food). For fatty acid species, the proportion of ω6 fatty acid consumption increased, causing a significant increase in the ratios of ω6/ω3 fatty acids, whereas the proportion of monounsaturated fatty acid consumption decreased. Such changes have been considered a characteristic of dietary fat consumption in Chinese residents over the past 30 years, and are closely related to the incidence of CVD. Therefore, we suggest that the government should spread awareness regarding the consumption of dietary fat intake to prevent CVD and related health disorders. The public should be educated to avoid high fat diet and increase the intake of monounsaturated fatty acids and ω3 fatty acids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Zeng
- State Key Lab of Food Science and Resources, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Avenue, Wuxi 214122, China; (W.Z.); (Q.J.)
- Key Laboratory of Prevention and Treatment of Cardiovascular and Cerebrovascular Diseases, Ministry of Education, School of Basic Medicine, Gannan Medical University, 1 Hexie Avenue, Ganzhou 341000, China
| | - Qingzhe Jin
- State Key Lab of Food Science and Resources, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Avenue, Wuxi 214122, China; (W.Z.); (Q.J.)
| | - Xingguo Wang
- State Key Lab of Food Science and Resources, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Avenue, Wuxi 214122, China; (W.Z.); (Q.J.)
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Hu T, Chen X. Role of neutrophil extracellular trap and immune infiltration in atherosclerotic plaque instability: Novel insight from bioinformatics analysis and machine learning. Medicine (Baltimore) 2023; 102:e34918. [PMID: 37747003 PMCID: PMC10519497 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000034918] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2023] [Revised: 07/11/2023] [Accepted: 08/03/2023] [Indexed: 09/26/2023] Open
Abstract
The instability of atherosclerotic plaques increases the risk of acute coronary syndrome. Neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs), mesh-like complexes consisting of extracellular DNA adorned with various protein substances, have been recently discovered to play an essential role in atherosclerotic plaque formation and development. This study aimed to investigate novel diagnostic biomarkers that can identify unstable plaques for early distinction and prevention of plaque erosion or disruption. Differential expression analysis was used to identify the differentially expressed NET-related genes, and Gene Ontology and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes analyses were performed. We filtered the characteristic genes using machine learning and estimated diagnostic efficacy using receiver operating characteristic curves. Immune infiltration was detected using single-sample gene set enrichment analysis and the biological signaling pathways involved in characteristic genes utilizing gene set enrichment analysis were explored. Finally, miRNAs- and transcription factors-target genes networks were established. We identified 8 differentially expressed NET-related genes primarily involved in immune-related pathways. Four were identified as capable of distinguishing unstable plaques. More immune cells infiltrated unstable plaques than stable plaques, and these cells were predominantly positively related to characteristic genes. These 4 diagnostic genes are involved in immune responses and the modulation of smooth muscle contractility. Several miRNAs and transcription factors were predicted as upstream regulatory factors, providing further information on the identification and prevention of atherosclerotic plaques rupture. We identified several promising NET-related genes (AQP9, C5AR1, FPR3, and SIGLEC9) and immune cell subsets that may identify unstable atherosclerotic plaques at an early stage and prevent various complications of plaque disruption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tingting Hu
- Health Science Center, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
| | - Xiaomin Chen
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
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Dolade N, Rayego-Mateos S, Garcia-Carrasco A, Guerin M, Martín-Ventura JL, Ruiz-Ortega M, Tharaux PL, Valdivielso JM. B- and T-lymphocyte attenuator could be a new player in accelerated atherosclerosis associated with chronic kidney disease. Clin Sci (Lond) 2023; 137:1409-1429. [PMID: 37655751 DOI: 10.1042/cs20230399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2023] [Revised: 07/31/2023] [Accepted: 09/01/2023] [Indexed: 09/02/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In chronic kidney disease (CKD), cardiovascular morbi-mortality is higher than in general population. Atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease is accelerated in CKD, but specific CKD-related risk factors for atherosclerosis are unknown. METHODS CKD patients from the NEFRONA study were used. We performed mRNA array from blood of patients free from atheroma plaque at baseline, with (n=10) and without (n=10) de novo atherosclerotic plaque development 2 years later. Selected mRNA candidates were validated in a bigger sample (n=148). Validated candidates were investigated in vivo in an experimental model of CKD-accelerated atherosclerosis, and in vitro in murine macrophages. RESULTS mRNA array analysis showed 92 up-regulated and 67 down-regulated mRNAs in samples from CKD patients with de novo plaque development. The functional analysis pointed to a paramount role of the immune response. The validation in a bigger sample confirmed that B- and T-lymphocyte co-inhibitory molecule (BTLA) down-regulation was associated with de novo plaque presence after 2 years. However, BTLA down-regulation was not found to be associated with atherosclerotic progression in patients with plaque already present at baseline. In a model of CKD-accelerated atherosclerosis, mRNA and protein expression levels of BTLA were significantly decreased in blood samples and atheroma plaques. Plaques from animals with CKD were bigger, had more infiltration of inflammatory cells, higher expression of IL6 and IL17 and less presence of collagen than plaques from control animals. Incubation of macrophages with rat uremic serum decreased BTLA expression. CONCLUSIONS BTLA could be a potential biomarker or therapeutic target for atherosclerosis incidence in CKD patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nuria Dolade
- Red de Investigación Renal (REDinREN), Ricords2040, Spain
- Vascular and Renal Translational Research Group, Institut de Recerca Biomèdica de Lleida IRBLleida, Lleida 25198, Spain
| | - Sandra Rayego-Mateos
- Red de Investigación Renal (REDinREN), Ricords2040, Spain
- Vascular and Renal Translational Research Group, Institut de Recerca Biomèdica de Lleida IRBLleida, Lleida 25198, Spain
| | - Alicia Garcia-Carrasco
- Red de Investigación Renal (REDinREN), Ricords2040, Spain
- Vascular and Renal Translational Research Group, Institut de Recerca Biomèdica de Lleida IRBLleida, Lleida 25198, Spain
| | - Maryse Guerin
- INSERM UMR_S 1166 - ICAN. Faculté de Médecine Pitié-Salpêtrière: 75013 Paris, France
| | - Jose-Luis Martín-Ventura
- Vascular Research Laboratory, IIS-Fundacion Jimenez Diaz, Universidad Autonoma, Avda Reyes Catolicos 2, 28040 Madrid, Spain and CIBER de Enfermedades Cardiovasculares (CIBERCV), Madrid, Spain
| | - Marta Ruiz-Ortega
- Cellular and Molecular Biology in Renal and Vascular Pathology Laboratory, IIS-Fundación Jiménez Díaz-Universidad Autónoma Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Pierre-Louis Tharaux
- Paris Cardiovascular research Centre (PARCC), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, INSERM, Université Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Jose Manuel Valdivielso
- Red de Investigación Renal (REDinREN), Ricords2040, Spain
- Vascular and Renal Translational Research Group, Institut de Recerca Biomèdica de Lleida IRBLleida, Lleida 25198, Spain
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Dileepan KN, Raveendran VV, Sharma R, Abraham H, Barua R, Singh V, Sharma R, Sharma M. Mast cell-mediated immune regulation in health and disease. Front Med (Lausanne) 2023; 10:1213320. [PMID: 37663654 PMCID: PMC10470157 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2023.1213320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2023] [Accepted: 07/17/2023] [Indexed: 09/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Mast cells are important components of the immune system, and they perform pro-inflammatory as well as anti-inflammatory roles in the complex process of immune regulation in health and disease. Because of their strategic perivascular localization, sensitivity and adaptability to the microenvironment, and ability to release a variety of preformed and newly synthesized effector molecules, mast cells perform unique functions in almost all organs. Additionally, Mast cells express a wide range of surface and cytoplasmic receptors which enable them to respond to a variety of cytokines, chemicals, and pathogens. The mast cell's role as a cellular interface between external and internal environments as well as between vasculature and tissues is critical for protection and repair. Mast cell interactions with different immune and nonimmune cells through secreted inflammatory mediators may also turn in favor of disease promoting agents. First and forefront, mast cells are well recognized for their multifaceted functions in allergic diseases. Reciprocal communication between mast cells and endothelial cells in the presence of bacterial toxins in chronic/sub-clinical infections induce persistent vascular inflammation. We have shown that mast cell proteases and histamine induce endothelial inflammatory responses that are synergistically amplified by bacterial toxins. Mast cells have been shown to exacerbate vascular changes in normal states as well as in chronic or subclinical infections, particularly among cigarette smokers. Furthermore, a potential role of mast cells in SARS-CoV-2-induced dysfunction of the capillary-alveolar interface adds to the growing understanding of mast cells in viral infections. The interaction between mast cells and microglial cells in the brain further highlights their significance in neuroinflammation. This review highlights the significant role of mast cells as the interface that acts as sensor and early responder through interactions with cells in systemic organs and the nervous system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kottarappat N. Dileepan
- Division of Allergy, Clinical Immunology and Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, The University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, United States
| | - Vineesh V. Raveendran
- Division of Allergy, Clinical Immunology and Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, The University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, United States
| | - Rishi Sharma
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Missouri, Kansas City, MO, United States
| | - Harita Abraham
- Division of Allergy, Clinical Immunology and Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, The University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, United States
| | - Rajat Barua
- Cardiology Section, Kansas City Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Kansas City, MO, United States
| | - Vikas Singh
- Neurology Section, Kansas City Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Kansas City, MO, United States
| | - Ram Sharma
- Research and Development Service, Kansas City Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Kansas City, MO, United States
| | - Mukut Sharma
- Research and Development Service, Kansas City Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Kansas City, MO, United States
- Midwest Veterans’ Biomedical Research Foundation (MVBRF), Kansas City VA Medical Center, Kansas, MO, United States
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Nose D, Shiga Y, Takahashi RU, Yamamoto Y, Suematsu Y, Kuwano T, Sugihara M, Kanda M, Tahara H, Miura SI. Association Between Telomere G-Tail Length and Coronary Artery Disease or Statin Treatment in Patients With Cardiovascular Risks - A Cross-Sectional Study. Circ Rep 2023; 5:338-347. [PMID: 37564879 PMCID: PMC10411992 DOI: 10.1253/circrep.cr-23-0038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2023] [Revised: 05/30/2023] [Accepted: 06/02/2023] [Indexed: 08/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: The utility of telomere G-tail length to predict coronary artery disease (CAD) remains controversial. CAD results from coronary artery narrowing due to cholesterol and lipid accumulation, augmented by inflammatory cells and other factors. This study explored the significance of telomere G-tail length in suspected CAD patients. Methods and Results: In all, 95 patients with suspected CAD or ≥1 cardiac risk factor underwent coronary computed tomography angiography (CCTA). We measured leukocyte telomere length and G-tail length using a hybrid protection method, and diagnosed the presence of CAD using CCTA. Associations between G-tail length and the presence of CAD, the number of stenosed coronary arteries, and brachial-ankle pulse wave velocity (baPWV) were analyzed. No significant difference was observed in G-tail length when comparing groups with or without CAD or statin treatment. However, in the non-statin group, G-tail length was significantly shorter in patients with 3-vessel disease compared with 1-vessel disease. Dividing the group using a baPWV of 1,300 cm/s, telomere G-tail length was significantly shorter in the high-risk (baPWV ≥1,300 cm/s) group. Conclusions: The clinical utility of telomere G-tail length as a CAD risk indicator seems limited. There was a trend for longer telomere G-tail length in the statin-treated group. Moreover, telomere G-tail length was reduced in patients at high-risk of cardiovascular events, aligning with the trend of a shortening in telomere G-tail length with CAD severity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daisuke Nose
- Department of Cardiology, Fukuoka University School of Medicine Fukuoka Japan
| | - Yuhei Shiga
- Department of Cardiology, Fukuoka University School of Medicine Fukuoka Japan
| | - Ryou-U Takahashi
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Hiroshima University Hiroshima Japan
| | - Yuki Yamamoto
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Hiroshima University Hiroshima Japan
| | - Yasunori Suematsu
- Department of Cardiology, Fukuoka University School of Medicine Fukuoka Japan
| | - Takashi Kuwano
- Department of Cardiology, Fukuoka University School of Medicine Fukuoka Japan
| | - Makoto Sugihara
- Department of Cardiology, Fukuoka University School of Medicine Fukuoka Japan
| | - Miyuki Kanda
- Collaborative Laboratory of Liquid Biopsy, Hiroshima University Hiroshima Japan
| | - Hidetoshi Tahara
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Hiroshima University Hiroshima Japan
- Collaborative Laboratory of Liquid Biopsy, Hiroshima University Hiroshima Japan
- Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, The Research Center for Drug Development and Biomarker Discovery, Hiroshima University Hiroshima Japan
| | - Shin-Ichiro Miura
- Department of Cardiology, Fukuoka University School of Medicine Fukuoka Japan
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Baj J, Kowalska B, Barbachowska A, Forma A, Flieger M, Majerek D, Teresiński G, Flieger W, Portincasa P, Buszewicz G, Radzikowska-Büchner E, Flieger J. Linking Metallic Micronutrients and Toxic Xenobiotics to Atherosclerosis and Fatty Liver Disease-Postmortem ICP-MS Analysis of Selected Human Tissues. Nutrients 2023; 15:3458. [PMID: 37571395 PMCID: PMC10420647 DOI: 10.3390/nu15153458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2023] [Revised: 07/30/2023] [Accepted: 08/02/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Dyslipidaemia is a disorder of the lipid metabolism, caused mainly by poor eating habits. The most severe consequence of an inappropriate diet is the development of atherosclerosis and hepatic steatosis. It is generally believed that a change in nutrition, and increased physical activity can eliminate these health problems. The contemporary research and therapies used to treat dyslipidemia mainly focus on lowering the triglyceride and cholesterol levels. However, disturbances in trace element homeostasis or the accumulation of toxic elements can also affect physiological processes, and be involved in the development of metabolically mediated diseases. The present study aimed to determine the mineral profiles of liver and brain tissues collected at autopsy (n = 39) in groups of people with hepatic steatosis (n = 5), atherosclerosis (n = 9), hepatic steatosis, and atherosclerosis (n = 16), and others without the selected disorders (n = 9). Concentrations of 51 elements were analysed via inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) after the initial wet mineralisation of the samples with nitric acid. The results obtained allow us to conclude that the hepatic steatosis group suffers from a deficiency of important trace elements, such as copper, zinc, and molybdenum (p < 0.05), whereas the group with atherosclerosis is characterised by elevated levels of cadmium in the liver tissue (p = 0.01). Analysing the mean values of the element concentrations measured in 11 brain areas, statistically significant higher levels of calcium and copper (p < 0.001) were found in the atherosclerosis group, compared to the hepatic steatosis group, confirming the involvement of these elements in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis. In addition, an accumulation of cadmium, lead, titanium, and strontium in the brain tissue was observed in the atherosclerosis group. While the accumulation of individual elements differs in different parts of the brain, the differences in the cadmium content (p < 0.05) between the study groups apply to the whole brain, except for the nucleus accumbens septi area, where a statistically significant titanium accumulation occurs in the atherosclerosis and steatosis groups, compared to the others (p < 0.05). In addition, the disruption of elemental homeostasis in the brain of a single case with bipolar disorder, and a case with hip replacement was observed. Our results confirm the involvement of chemical elements in the pathogenesis of selected metabolic diseases, and the need for further studies in larger populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacek Baj
- Chair and Department of Anatomy, Medical University of Lublin, 20-090 Lublin, Poland; (A.F.); (W.F.)
| | - Beata Kowalska
- Department of Water Supply and Wastewater Disposal, Lublin University of Technology, 20-618 Lublin, Poland;
| | - Aleksandra Barbachowska
- Department of Plastic, Reconstructive and Burn Surgery, ul. Krasnystawska, 21-010 Łęczna, Poland;
| | - Alicja Forma
- Chair and Department of Anatomy, Medical University of Lublin, 20-090 Lublin, Poland; (A.F.); (W.F.)
| | - Michał Flieger
- Chair and Department of Forensic Medicine, Medical University of Lublin, 20-090 Lublin, Poland; (M.F.); (G.T.); (G.B.)
| | - Dariusz Majerek
- Department of Applied Mathematics, University of Technology, 20-618 Lublin, Poland;
| | - Grzegorz Teresiński
- Chair and Department of Forensic Medicine, Medical University of Lublin, 20-090 Lublin, Poland; (M.F.); (G.T.); (G.B.)
| | - Wojciech Flieger
- Chair and Department of Anatomy, Medical University of Lublin, 20-090 Lublin, Poland; (A.F.); (W.F.)
| | - Piero Portincasa
- Clinica Medica “A. Murri”, Department of Biomedical Sciences & Human Oncology, University of Bari Meical School, 70124 Bari, Italy;
| | - Grzegorz Buszewicz
- Chair and Department of Forensic Medicine, Medical University of Lublin, 20-090 Lublin, Poland; (M.F.); (G.T.); (G.B.)
| | | | - Jolanta Flieger
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Medical University of Lublin, 20-093 Lublin, Poland
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Seo JW, Park KS, Lee GB, Park SE, Choi JH, Moon MH. Comprehensive Lipid Profiling Recapitulates Enhanced Lipolysis and Fatty Acid Metabolism in Intimal Foamy Macrophages From Murine Atherosclerotic Aorta. Immune Netw 2023; 23:e28. [PMID: 37670810 PMCID: PMC10475825 DOI: 10.4110/in.2023.23.e28] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2023] [Revised: 05/09/2023] [Accepted: 05/21/2023] [Indexed: 09/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Lipid accumulation in macrophages is a prominent phenomenon observed in atherosclerosis. Previously, intimal foamy macrophages (FM) showed decreased inflammatory gene expression compared to intimal non-foamy macrophages (NFM). Since reprogramming of lipid metabolism in macrophages affects immunological functions, lipid profiling of intimal macrophages appears to be important for understanding the phenotypic changes of macrophages in atherosclerotic lesions. While lipidomic analysis has been performed in atherosclerotic aortic tissues and cultured macrophages, direct lipid profiling has not been performed in primary aortic macrophages from atherosclerotic aortas. We utilized nanoflow ultrahigh-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry to provide comprehensive lipid profiles of intimal non-foamy and foamy macrophages and adventitial macrophages from Ldlr-/- mouse aortas. We also analyzed the gene expression of each macrophage type related to lipid metabolism. FM showed increased levels of fatty acids, cholesterol esters, phosphatidylcholine, lysophosphatidylcholine, phosphatidylinositol, and sphingomyelin. However, phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidic acid, and ceramide levels were decreased in FM compared to those in NFM. Interestingly, FM showed decreased triacylglycerol (TG) levels. Expressions of lipolysis-related genes including Pnpla2 and Lpl were markedly increased but expressions of Lpin2 and Dgat1 related to TG synthesis were decreased in FM. Analysis of transcriptome and lipidome data revealed differences in the regulation of each lipid metabolic pathway in aortic macrophages. These comprehensive lipidomic data could clarify the phenotypes of macrophages in the atherosclerotic aorta.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jae Won Seo
- Department of Chemistry, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Korea
| | - Kyu Seong Park
- Department of Life Science, Research Institute for Natural Sciences, Hanyang Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, College of Natural Sciences, Hanyang University, Seoul 04763, Korea
| | - Gwang Bin Lee
- Department of Chemistry, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Korea
| | - Sang-eun Park
- Department of Life Science, Research Institute for Natural Sciences, Hanyang Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, College of Natural Sciences, Hanyang University, Seoul 04763, Korea
| | - Jae-Hoon Choi
- Department of Life Science, Research Institute for Natural Sciences, Hanyang Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, College of Natural Sciences, Hanyang University, Seoul 04763, Korea
| | - Myeong Hee Moon
- Department of Chemistry, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Korea
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Lazzarato L, Bianchi L, Andolfo A, Granata A, Lombardi M, Sinelli M, Rolando B, Carini M, Corsini A, Fruttero R, Arnaboldi L. Proteomics Studies Suggest That Nitric Oxide Donor Furoxans Inhibit In Vitro Vascular Smooth Muscle Cell Proliferation by Nitric Oxide-Independent Mechanisms. Molecules 2023; 28:5724. [PMID: 37570694 PMCID: PMC10420201 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28155724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2023] [Revised: 07/19/2023] [Accepted: 07/25/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Physiologically, smooth muscle cells (SMC) and nitric oxide (NO) produced by endothelial cells strictly cooperate to maintain vasal homeostasis. In atherosclerosis, where this equilibrium is altered, molecules providing exogenous NO and able to inhibit SMC proliferation may represent valuable antiatherosclerotic agents. Searching for dual antiproliferative and NO-donor molecules, we found that furoxans significantly decreased SMC proliferation in vitro, albeit with different potencies. We therefore assessed whether this property is dependent on their thiol-induced ring opening. Indeed, while furazans (analogues unable to release NO) are not effective, furoxans' inhibitory potency parallels with the electron-attractor capacity of the group in 3 of the ring, making this effect tunable. To demonstrate whether their specific block on G1-S phase could be NO-dependent, we supplemented SMCs with furoxans and inhibitors of GMP- and/or of the polyamine pathway, which regulate NO-induced SMC proliferation, but they failed in preventing the antiproliferative effect. To find the real mechanism of this property, our proteomics studies revealed that eleven cellular proteins (with SUMO1 being central) and networks involved in cell homeostasis/proliferation are modulated by furoxans, probably by interaction with adducts generated after degradation. Altogether, thanks to their dual effect and pharmacological flexibility, furoxans may be evaluated in the future as antiatherosclerotic molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Loretta Lazzarato
- Department of Drug Science and Technology, Università degli Studi di Torino, Via Pietro Giuria 9, 10125 Torino, Italy; (L.L.); (B.R.); (R.F.)
| | - Laura Bianchi
- Functional Proteomics Laboratory, Department of Life Sciences, Università degli Studi di Siena, Via Aldo Moro 2, 53100 Siena, Italy;
| | - Annapaola Andolfo
- Proteomics and Metabolomics Facility (ProMeFa), Center for Omics Sciences (COSR), IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Via Olgettina 60, 20132 Milano, Italy;
| | - Agnese Granata
- Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences “Rodolfo Paoletti”, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Balzaretti 9, 20133 Milano, Italy; (A.G.); (M.L.); (M.S.); (A.C.)
| | - Matteo Lombardi
- Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences “Rodolfo Paoletti”, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Balzaretti 9, 20133 Milano, Italy; (A.G.); (M.L.); (M.S.); (A.C.)
| | - Matteo Sinelli
- Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences “Rodolfo Paoletti”, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Balzaretti 9, 20133 Milano, Italy; (A.G.); (M.L.); (M.S.); (A.C.)
| | - Barbara Rolando
- Department of Drug Science and Technology, Università degli Studi di Torino, Via Pietro Giuria 9, 10125 Torino, Italy; (L.L.); (B.R.); (R.F.)
| | - Marina Carini
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences “Pietro Pratesi”, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Mangiagalli 25, 20133 Milano, Italy;
| | - Alberto Corsini
- Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences “Rodolfo Paoletti”, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Balzaretti 9, 20133 Milano, Italy; (A.G.); (M.L.); (M.S.); (A.C.)
| | - Roberta Fruttero
- Department of Drug Science and Technology, Università degli Studi di Torino, Via Pietro Giuria 9, 10125 Torino, Italy; (L.L.); (B.R.); (R.F.)
| | - Lorenzo Arnaboldi
- Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences “Rodolfo Paoletti”, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Balzaretti 9, 20133 Milano, Italy; (A.G.); (M.L.); (M.S.); (A.C.)
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Jigoranu RA, Roca M, Costache AD, Mitu O, Oancea AF, Miftode RS, Haba MȘC, Botnariu EG, Maștaleru A, Gavril RS, Trandabat BA, Chirica SI, Haba RM, Leon MM, Costache II, Mitu F. Novel Biomarkers for Atherosclerotic Disease: Advances in Cardiovascular Risk Assessment. Life (Basel) 2023; 13:1639. [PMID: 37629496 PMCID: PMC10455542 DOI: 10.3390/life13081639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2023] [Revised: 07/19/2023] [Accepted: 07/24/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Atherosclerosis is a significant health concern with a growing incidence worldwide. It is directly linked to an increased cardiovascular risk and to major adverse cardiovascular events, such as acute coronary syndromes. In this review, we try to assess the potential diagnostic role of biomarkers in the early identification of patients susceptible to the development of atherosclerosis and other adverse cardiovascular events. We have collected publications concerning already established parameters, such as low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), as well as newer markers, e.g., apolipoprotein B (apoB) and the ratio between apoB and apoA. Additionally, given the inflammatory nature of the development of atherosclerosis, high-sensitivity c-reactive protein (hs-CRP) or interleukin-6 (IL-6) are also discussed. Additionally, newer publications on other emerging components linked to atherosclerosis were considered in the context of patient evaluation. Apart from the already in-use markers (e.g., LDL-C), emerging research highlights the potential of newer molecules in optimizing the diagnosis of atherosclerotic disease in earlier stages. After further studies, they might be fully implemented in the screening protocols.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raul-Alexandru Jigoranu
- Department of Medical Specialties I, Faculty of Medicine, University of Medicine and Pharmacy “Grigore T. Popa”, 700115 Iasi, Romania; (R.-A.J.); (O.M.); (A.-F.O.); (R.-S.M.); (M.Ș.C.H.); (A.M.); (R.-S.G.); (M.M.L.); (I.-I.C.); (F.M.)
- Department of Cardiology, “St. Spiridon” Emergency County Hospital, 700111 Iasi, Romania
| | - Mihai Roca
- Department of Medical Specialties I, Faculty of Medicine, University of Medicine and Pharmacy “Grigore T. Popa”, 700115 Iasi, Romania; (R.-A.J.); (O.M.); (A.-F.O.); (R.-S.M.); (M.Ș.C.H.); (A.M.); (R.-S.G.); (M.M.L.); (I.-I.C.); (F.M.)
- Clinical Rehabilitation Hospital, 700661 Iasi, Romania
| | - Alexandru-Dan Costache
- Department of Medical Specialties I, Faculty of Medicine, University of Medicine and Pharmacy “Grigore T. Popa”, 700115 Iasi, Romania; (R.-A.J.); (O.M.); (A.-F.O.); (R.-S.M.); (M.Ș.C.H.); (A.M.); (R.-S.G.); (M.M.L.); (I.-I.C.); (F.M.)
- Clinical Rehabilitation Hospital, 700661 Iasi, Romania
| | - Ovidiu Mitu
- Department of Medical Specialties I, Faculty of Medicine, University of Medicine and Pharmacy “Grigore T. Popa”, 700115 Iasi, Romania; (R.-A.J.); (O.M.); (A.-F.O.); (R.-S.M.); (M.Ș.C.H.); (A.M.); (R.-S.G.); (M.M.L.); (I.-I.C.); (F.M.)
- Department of Cardiology, “St. Spiridon” Emergency County Hospital, 700111 Iasi, Romania
| | - Alexandru-Florinel Oancea
- Department of Medical Specialties I, Faculty of Medicine, University of Medicine and Pharmacy “Grigore T. Popa”, 700115 Iasi, Romania; (R.-A.J.); (O.M.); (A.-F.O.); (R.-S.M.); (M.Ș.C.H.); (A.M.); (R.-S.G.); (M.M.L.); (I.-I.C.); (F.M.)
- Department of Cardiology, “St. Spiridon” Emergency County Hospital, 700111 Iasi, Romania
| | - Radu-Stefan Miftode
- Department of Medical Specialties I, Faculty of Medicine, University of Medicine and Pharmacy “Grigore T. Popa”, 700115 Iasi, Romania; (R.-A.J.); (O.M.); (A.-F.O.); (R.-S.M.); (M.Ș.C.H.); (A.M.); (R.-S.G.); (M.M.L.); (I.-I.C.); (F.M.)
- Department of Cardiology, “St. Spiridon” Emergency County Hospital, 700111 Iasi, Romania
| | - Mihai Ștefan Cristian Haba
- Department of Medical Specialties I, Faculty of Medicine, University of Medicine and Pharmacy “Grigore T. Popa”, 700115 Iasi, Romania; (R.-A.J.); (O.M.); (A.-F.O.); (R.-S.M.); (M.Ș.C.H.); (A.M.); (R.-S.G.); (M.M.L.); (I.-I.C.); (F.M.)
- Department of Cardiology, “St. Spiridon” Emergency County Hospital, 700111 Iasi, Romania
| | - Eosefina Gina Botnariu
- Department of Internal Medicine II, Faculty of Medicine, University of Medicine and Pharmacy “Grigore T. Popa”, 700115 Iasi, Romania;
- Department of Diabetes, Nutrition and Metabolic Diseases, “St. Spiridon” Emergency County Hospital, 700111 Iasi, Romania
| | - Alexandra Maștaleru
- Department of Medical Specialties I, Faculty of Medicine, University of Medicine and Pharmacy “Grigore T. Popa”, 700115 Iasi, Romania; (R.-A.J.); (O.M.); (A.-F.O.); (R.-S.M.); (M.Ș.C.H.); (A.M.); (R.-S.G.); (M.M.L.); (I.-I.C.); (F.M.)
- Clinical Rehabilitation Hospital, 700661 Iasi, Romania
| | - Radu-Sebastian Gavril
- Department of Medical Specialties I, Faculty of Medicine, University of Medicine and Pharmacy “Grigore T. Popa”, 700115 Iasi, Romania; (R.-A.J.); (O.M.); (A.-F.O.); (R.-S.M.); (M.Ș.C.H.); (A.M.); (R.-S.G.); (M.M.L.); (I.-I.C.); (F.M.)
- Clinical Rehabilitation Hospital, 700661 Iasi, Romania
| | - Bogdan-Andrei Trandabat
- Department of Surgery II, Faculty of Medicine, University of Medicine and Pharmacy “Grigore T. Popa”, 700115 Iasi, Romania;
- Department of Orthopedics and Trauma, Clinical Rehabilitation Hospital, 700661 Iasi, Romania
| | - Sabina Ioana Chirica
- Faculty of General Medicine, University of Medicine and Pharmacy “Grigore T. Popa”, 700115 Iasi, Romania; (S.I.C.); (R.M.H.)
| | - Raluca Maria Haba
- Faculty of General Medicine, University of Medicine and Pharmacy “Grigore T. Popa”, 700115 Iasi, Romania; (S.I.C.); (R.M.H.)
| | - Maria Magdalena Leon
- Department of Medical Specialties I, Faculty of Medicine, University of Medicine and Pharmacy “Grigore T. Popa”, 700115 Iasi, Romania; (R.-A.J.); (O.M.); (A.-F.O.); (R.-S.M.); (M.Ș.C.H.); (A.M.); (R.-S.G.); (M.M.L.); (I.-I.C.); (F.M.)
- Clinical Rehabilitation Hospital, 700661 Iasi, Romania
| | - Irina-Iuliana Costache
- Department of Medical Specialties I, Faculty of Medicine, University of Medicine and Pharmacy “Grigore T. Popa”, 700115 Iasi, Romania; (R.-A.J.); (O.M.); (A.-F.O.); (R.-S.M.); (M.Ș.C.H.); (A.M.); (R.-S.G.); (M.M.L.); (I.-I.C.); (F.M.)
- Department of Cardiology, “St. Spiridon” Emergency County Hospital, 700111 Iasi, Romania
| | - Florin Mitu
- Department of Medical Specialties I, Faculty of Medicine, University of Medicine and Pharmacy “Grigore T. Popa”, 700115 Iasi, Romania; (R.-A.J.); (O.M.); (A.-F.O.); (R.-S.M.); (M.Ș.C.H.); (A.M.); (R.-S.G.); (M.M.L.); (I.-I.C.); (F.M.)
- Clinical Rehabilitation Hospital, 700661 Iasi, Romania
- Romanian Academy of Medical Sciences, 030167 Bucharest, Romania
- Romanian Academy of Scientists, 050045 Bucharest, Romania
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Menon SN, Zerin F, Ezewudo E, Simon NP, Menon SN, Daniel ML, Green AJ, Pandey A, Mackay CE, Hafez S, Moniri NH, Hasan R. Neflamapimod inhibits endothelial cell activation, adhesion molecule expression, leukocyte attachment and vascular inflammation by inhibiting p38 MAPKα and NF-κB signaling. Biochem Pharmacol 2023:115683. [PMID: 37429422 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2023.115683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2023] [Revised: 07/06/2023] [Accepted: 07/06/2023] [Indexed: 07/12/2023]
Abstract
Neflamapimod, a selective inhibitor of the alpha isoform of p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPKα), was investigated for its potential to inhibit lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced activation of endothelial cells (ECs), adhesion molecule induction, and subsequent leukocyte attachment to EC monolayers. These events are known to contribute to vascular inflammation and cardiovascular dysfunction. Our results demonstrate that LPS treatment of cultured ECs and rats leads to significant upregulation of adhesion molecules, both in vitro and in vivo, which can be effectively inhibited by Neflamapimod treatment. Western blotting data further reveals that Neflamapimod inhibits LPS-induced phosphorylation of p38 MAPKα and the activation of NF-κB signaling in ECs. Additionally, leukocyte adhesion assays demonstrate a substantial reduction in leukocyte attachment to cultured ECs and the aorta lumen of rats treated with Neflamapimod. Consistent with vascular inflammation, LPS-treated rat arteries exhibit significantly diminished vasodilation response to acetylcholine, however, arteries from rats treated with Neflamapimod maintain their vasodilation capacity, demonstrating its ability to limit LPS-induced vascular inflammation. Overall, our data demonstrate that Neflamapimod effectively inhibits endothelium activation, adhesion molecule expression, and leukocyte attachment, thereby reducing vascular inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sreelakshmi N Menon
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Mercer University, Atlanta, GA 30341, USA
| | - Farzana Zerin
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Mercer University, Atlanta, GA 30341, USA
| | - Emmanuella Ezewudo
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Mercer University, Atlanta, GA 30341, USA
| | - Nimi P Simon
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Mercer University, Atlanta, GA 30341, USA
| | - Sreeranjini N Menon
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Mercer University, Atlanta, GA 30341, USA
| | - Morgan L Daniel
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Mercer University, Atlanta, GA 30341, USA
| | - Andrea J Green
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Mercer University, Atlanta, GA 30341, USA
| | - Ajay Pandey
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Mercer University, Atlanta, GA 30341, USA; Department of Biological Sciences, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, USA
| | | | - Sherif Hafez
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Mercer University, Atlanta, GA 30341, USA
| | - Nader H Moniri
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Mercer University, Atlanta, GA 30341, USA; Department of Biological Sciences, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, USA
| | - Raquibul Hasan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Mercer University, Atlanta, GA 30341, USA; Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine, Mercer University, Macon, GA, USA.
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Wang YY, Tian Y, Li YZ, Liu YF, Zhao YY, Chen LH, Zhang C. The role of m5C methyltransferases in cardiovascular diseases. Front Cardiovasc Med 2023; 10:1225014. [PMID: 37476573 PMCID: PMC10354557 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2023.1225014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2023] [Accepted: 06/19/2023] [Indexed: 07/22/2023] Open
Abstract
The global leading cause of death is cardiovascular disease (CVD). Although advances in prevention and treatment have been made, the role of RNA epigenetics in CVD is not fully understood. Studies have found that RNA modifications regulate gene expression in mammalian cells, and m5C (5-methylcytosine) is a recently discovered RNA modification that plays a role in gene regulation. As a result of these developments, there has been renewed interest in elucidating the nature and function of RNA "epitranscriptomic" modifications. Recent studies on m5C RNA methylomes, their functions, and the proteins that initiate, translate and manipulate this modification are discussed in this review. This review improves the understanding of m5C modifications and their properties, functions, and implications in cardiac pathologies, including cardiomyopathy, heart failure, and atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan-Yue Wang
- Key Lab for Arteriosclerology of Hunan Province, Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, China
| | - Yuan Tian
- Key Lab for Arteriosclerology of Hunan Province, Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, China
| | - Yong-Zhen Li
- Key Lab for Arteriosclerology of Hunan Province, Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, China
| | - Yi-Fan Liu
- ResearchLaboratory of Translational Medicine, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, China
| | - Yu-Yan Zhao
- Key Lab for Arteriosclerology of Hunan Province, Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, China
| | - Lin-Hui Chen
- Key Lab for Arteriosclerology of Hunan Province, Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, China
| | - Chi Zhang
- Key Lab for Arteriosclerology of Hunan Province, Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, China
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Wang Y, Yang M, Xu Y, Yan S, Jin E, Li X. Neutrophil extracellular trap burden correlates with the stenosis of coronary atherosclerosis. PeerJ 2023; 11:e15471. [PMID: 37304868 PMCID: PMC10252804 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.15471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2023] [Accepted: 05/07/2023] [Indexed: 06/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Coronary atherosclerosis diseases (CADs) are associated with chronic inflammation. Neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) are a type of novel proinflammatory cytokines whose levels are dramatically elevated in acute coronary syndrome. We conducted this study to further evaluate the association between circulating NET-associated markers and CAD in Chinese adults. Methods A total of 174 patients with CAD and 55 healthy controls were screened using percutaneous coronary intervention or coronary computed tomography angiography. Blood lipid levels, blood glucose levels, and blood cell counts were determined using commercial kits. Serum levels of myeloperoxidase (MPO) and neutrophil elastase (NE) were measured using ELISA. Double-stranded DNA (dsDNA) in serum was quantified using the Quant-iT PicoGreen assay. We also compared the circulating NET levels with various parameters in the study subjects. Results The levels of serum NET markers, dsDNA, MPO, and NE, were significantly elevated in patients with CAD, particularly in the severe group, consistent with the increase in neutrophil counts. The levels of NET markers correlated with the risk factors of AS, increasing with the number of risk factors. NET markers were identified as independent risk factors for severe coronary stenosis and also as predictors of severe CAD. Conclusion NETs may be related to AS and serve as indicators or predictors of stenosis in patients with severe CAD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Wang
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, the Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Mao Yang
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, the Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Yuanyuan Xu
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, the Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Shujun Yan
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, the Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Enze Jin
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, the Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Xueqi Li
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, the Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
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Dong M, Luo Y, Lan Y, He Q, Xu L, Pei Z. Luteolin reduces cardiac damage caused by hyperlipidemia in Sprague-Dawley rats. Heliyon 2023; 9:e17613. [PMID: 37408924 PMCID: PMC10318514 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e17613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2023] [Revised: 06/22/2023] [Accepted: 06/22/2023] [Indexed: 07/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective Hyperlipidemia is a risk factor for cardiac damage that can lead to many cardiovascular diseases. A recent study reported the cardioprotective effects of luteolin in vitro and in vivo. In this study, we aimed to investigate the possible protective effects of luteolin against hyperlipidemia-induced cardiac damage in Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats. Methods Six-week-old male SD rats were randomly divided into five groups: a normal diet (ND) group; a high-fat diet (HFD) group; and three high-fat diet mixed with luteolin (HFD + LUT) groups, where in a luteolin dosage 50, 100, or 200 mg/kg/day was administered. All groups were fed their respective diets for 12 weeks. Results Left ventricular ejection fraction and fractional shortening (parameters of cardiac function) were lower in the HFD + LUT (100 mg/kg/day) group than in the HFD group. Metabolic parameters were lower in the HFD + LUT (100 mg/kg/day) group than in the HFD group. Collagen I, collagen III, and TGF-β expression levels were lower in the cardiac tissues of the HFD + LUT (100 mg/kg/day) group, compared to those of the HFD group. Expression of the profibrotic genes MMP2 and MMP9 was suppressed in the cardiac tissues of the HFD + LUT (100 mg/kg/day) group, compared to those of the HFD group. Furthermore, CD36 and lectin-like oxidized low-density lipoprotein receptor-1 protein levels were lower in the cardiac tissues of the HFD + LUT (100 mg/kg/day) group, compared to those of the HFD group. Conclusion These findings would provide new insights into the role of luteolin in hyperlipidemia-induced cardiac damage and contribute to the development of novel therapeutic interventions to treat cardiovascular disease progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Dong
- Department of Cardiology, Beijing Hospital, National Center of Gerontology, Institute of Geriatric Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100730, China
| | - Yao Luo
- Department of Cardiology, Beijing Hospital, National Center of Gerontology, Institute of Geriatric Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100730, China
| | - Yong Lan
- Department of Vascular Surger, Beijing Hospital, National Center of Gerontology, Institute of Geriatric Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100730, China
| | - Qinghua He
- Department of Endocrinology, Beijing Hospital, National Center of Gerontology, Institute of Geriatric Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100730, China
| | - Lei Xu
- Department of Neurology, Beijing Hospital, National Center of Gerontology, Institute of Geriatric Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100730, China
| | - Zuowei Pei
- Department of Cardiology, Central Hospital of Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, 116033, China
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Zadoorian A, Du X, Yang H. Lipid droplet biogenesis and functions in health and disease. Nat Rev Endocrinol 2023:10.1038/s41574-023-00845-0. [PMID: 37221402 DOI: 10.1038/s41574-023-00845-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 60.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/25/2023] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Ubiquitous yet unique, lipid droplets are intracellular organelles that are increasingly being recognized for their versatility beyond energy storage. Advances uncovering the intricacies of their biogenesis and the diversity of their physiological and pathological roles have yielded new insights into lipid droplet biology. Despite these insights, the mechanisms governing the biogenesis and functions of lipid droplets remain incompletely understood. Moreover, the causal relationship between the biogenesis and function of lipid droplets and human diseases is poorly resolved. Here, we provide an update on the current understanding of the biogenesis and functions of lipid droplets in health and disease, highlighting a key role for lipid droplet biogenesis in alleviating cellular stresses. We also discuss therapeutic strategies of targeting lipid droplet biogenesis, growth or degradation that could be applied in the future to common diseases, such as cancer, hepatic steatosis and viral infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Armella Zadoorian
- School of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Ximing Du
- School of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Hongyuan Yang
- School of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia.
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Lin P, Hu L, Huang Q, Zhang Y, Qin Z, Chen J, Yao X, Wu H, Yao Z, Xu D. Pharmacokinetics integrated with network pharmacology to clarify effective components and mechanism of Wendan decoction for the intervention of coronary heart disease. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2023; 314:116669. [PMID: 37217155 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2023.116669] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2023] [Revised: 05/08/2023] [Accepted: 05/19/2023] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Coronary heart disease (CHD), one of the leading causes of mortality in the world among chronic non-infectious diseases, is closely associated with atherosclerosis, which ultimately leads to myocardial injury. Wendan decoction (WDD), a classical famous formula, exerted an intervention effect on CHD according to numerous reports. However, the effective components and underlying mechanisms for the treatment of CHD have not been fully elucidated. AIM OF THE STUDY An in-depth investigation of the effective components and mechanisms of WDD for the intervention of CHD was further explored. MATERIALS AND METHODS Firstly, based on our previous metabolic profile results, a quantification method for absorbed components was established by ultra-performance liquid chromatography triple quadrupole-mass spectrometry (UPLC-TQ-MS) and applied to the pharmacokinetics study of WDD. Then the network pharmacology analysis for considerable exposure components in rat plasma was employed to screen key components of WDD. Gene ontology and KEGG pathway enrichment analysis were further performed to obtain putative action pathways. The effective components and mechanism of WDD were confirmed by in vitro experiments. RESULTS A rapid and sensitive quantification method was successfully applied to the pharmacokinetic study of 16 high-exposure components of WDD at three different doses. A total of 235 putative CHD targets were obtained for these 16 components. Then, 44 core targets and 10 key components with high degree values were successively screened out by the investigation of protein-protein interaction and the network of "herbal medicine-key components-core targets". Enrichment analysis suggested that the PI3K-Akt signaling pathway was closely related to this formula's therapeutic mechanism. Furthermore, pharmacological experiments demonstrated that 5 of 10 key components (liquiritigenin, narigenin, hesperetin, 3,5,6,7,8,3',4'-heptamethoxyflavone, and isoliquiritigenin) significantly enhanced DOX-induced H9c2 cell viability. The cardioprotective effects of WDD against DOX-induced cell death through the PI3K-Akt signaling pathway were verified by western blot experiments. CONCLUSION The integration of pharmacokinetics and network pharmacology approaches successfully clarified 5 effective components and therapeutic mechanism of WDD for the intervention of CHD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pei Lin
- International Cooperative Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Modernization and Innovative Drug Development of Ministry of Education (MOE) of China, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Pharmacodynamic Constituents of TCM and New Drugs Research, Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine & Natural Products, College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China; Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Formula-Pattern of Traditional Chinese Medicine, College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China
| | - Liufang Hu
- International Cooperative Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Modernization and Innovative Drug Development of Ministry of Education (MOE) of China, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Pharmacodynamic Constituents of TCM and New Drugs Research, Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine & Natural Products, College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China; Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Formula-Pattern of Traditional Chinese Medicine, College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China
| | - Qiaoting Huang
- International Cooperative Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Modernization and Innovative Drug Development of Ministry of Education (MOE) of China, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Pharmacodynamic Constituents of TCM and New Drugs Research, Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine & Natural Products, College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China
| | - Yezi Zhang
- International Cooperative Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Modernization and Innovative Drug Development of Ministry of Education (MOE) of China, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Pharmacodynamic Constituents of TCM and New Drugs Research, Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine & Natural Products, College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China
| | - Zifei Qin
- Department of Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, China
| | - Jiaxu Chen
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Formula-Pattern of Traditional Chinese Medicine, College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China
| | - Xinsheng Yao
- International Cooperative Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Modernization and Innovative Drug Development of Ministry of Education (MOE) of China, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Pharmacodynamic Constituents of TCM and New Drugs Research, Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine & Natural Products, College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China
| | - Huanlin Wu
- Dongzhimen Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Zhihong Yao
- International Cooperative Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Modernization and Innovative Drug Development of Ministry of Education (MOE) of China, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Pharmacodynamic Constituents of TCM and New Drugs Research, Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine & Natural Products, College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China; Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Formula-Pattern of Traditional Chinese Medicine, College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China.
| | - Danping Xu
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, The Eighth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, China.
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