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Ashraf T, Aamir KF, Nadeem A, Hassan MU, Raza H, Rauf MA, Din JU, Shah S, Khan F, Akram Z, Ishaque M, Hanif B. Impact of educational intervention on hypertension management by primary care physician: A randomized control trial. PEC INNOVATION 2024; 4:100285. [PMID: 38737890 PMCID: PMC11087987 DOI: 10.1016/j.pecinn.2024.100285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2023] [Revised: 03/14/2024] [Accepted: 04/26/2024] [Indexed: 05/14/2024]
Abstract
Objective The current study aimed to observe hypertension educational intervention's effect on general physicians (GPs) to improve blood pressure control and patient outcomes indirectly. Methods This randomized control trial includes 42 GPs divided into 2 groups. GPs in group 1 receive face-to-face education with structured educational material on hypertension management strategies by a senior cardiologist. GPs in group 2 receive the print version of education material. The data was collected from six major cities in Pakistan. GPs with at least three years of experience in the broad primary care disciplines, with ages above 18 years, were included in the study. Results A total of 42 physicians (21 from each group) completed questionnaires, while out of 420 hypertension patients, 105 newly diagnosed and already diagnosed patients enrolled under physicians of both groups. The educational material did just as well at informing clinicians as the face-to-face group intervention did and both the interventions had a significant effect on knowledge and BP control. Conclusion After the 3-month follow-up, both interventions, including face-to-face and educational approaches, demonstrated significant effectiveness in improving knowledge and blood pressure control. Innovation The study shows that hypertension educational intervention's effect on general physicians indirectly improves blood pressure control and patient outcomes. And emphasize for developing a hypertension educational program targeted at general physicians.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tariq Ashraf
- Karachi Institute of Heart Disease, Karachi, Pakistan
| | | | - Asif Nadeem
- Armed Forces Institute of Cardiology, Rawalpindi, Pakistan
| | | | - Haseeb Raza
- Mukhtar A. Sheikh Hospital, Multan, Pakistan
| | | | - Jalal Ud Din
- Bolan Medical Complex Hospital, Quetta, Pakistan
| | | | - Fayza Khan
- Health Icon Medical Centre, Karachi, Pakistan
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Moiz A, Zolotarova T, Eisenberg MJ. Outpatient management of essential hypertension: a review based on the latest clinical guidelines. Ann Med 2024; 56:2338242. [PMID: 38604225 PMCID: PMC11011233 DOI: 10.1080/07853890.2024.2338242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2023] [Accepted: 03/15/2024] [Indexed: 04/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Background: Essential hypertension, a prevalent cardiovascular condition, poses a significant health burden worldwide. Based on the latest American clinical guidelines, half of adults in the United States have hypertension. Of these, only about a half are treated and about a quarter are adequately controlled for hypertension. Given its impact on morbidity and mortality, ensuring effective management of high blood pressure is crucial to reduce associated risks and improve patient outcomes.Objective: This review aims to provide a comprehensive and up-to-date summary of the latest cardiology guidelines and evidence-based research on essential hypertension, with a focus on guiding outpatient clinical practice.Methods: The review evaluates both non-pharmacological approaches and pharmacological interventions to offer clinicians practical insights. Notably, it emphasizes the importance of individualized treatment plans tailored to patients' specific risk profiles and comorbidities.Results: By consolidating the latest advancements in hypertension management, this review provides clinicians with an up-to-date reference, offering a nuanced understanding of treatment goals and strategies.Conclusion: Through the incorporation of evidence-based recommendations, healthcare practitioners can optimize patient care, mitigate potential complications, and improve overall outcomes in essential hypertension.
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Affiliation(s)
- Areesha Moiz
- Centre for Clinical Epidemiology, Lady Davis Institute, Jewish General Hospital, Montreal, Canada
| | - Tetiana Zolotarova
- Centre for Clinical Epidemiology, Lady Davis Institute, Jewish General Hospital, Montreal, Canada
| | - Mark J. Eisenberg
- Centre for Clinical Epidemiology, Lady Davis Institute, Jewish General Hospital, Montreal, Canada
- Department of Medicine and Health Sciences, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
- Departments of Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Occupational Health, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
- Division of Cardiology, Jewish General Hospital, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
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3
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Mthethwa WS, Mampofu ZM, Mokwena MA, Ramoshaba NE. The relationship between mid-upper arm circumference and blood pressure in Walter Sisulu University community. Blood Press 2024; 33:2296904. [PMID: 38254330 DOI: 10.1080/08037051.2023.2296904] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2023] [Accepted: 12/13/2023] [Indexed: 01/24/2024]
Abstract
Prevalence of hypertension is increasing to higher levels in South Africa. Anthropometric measures for obesity are well known to predict the development of hypertension. However, the relationship between mid-upper arm circumference (MUAC) and blood pressure (BP) is scant in South African communities such as universities. Therefore, this study was aimed at investigating the correlation between MUAC and BP among the community of Walter Sisulu University (WSU). A total of 230 participants from WSU (students and staff members), 113 females and 117 males aged ≥ 18 years participated in this cross-sectional study. MUAC, systolic BP (SBP) and diastolic BP (DBP) were measured using standard procedures. In a Pearson's correlation analysis, MUAC was positively correlated with SBP and DBP in both women (SBP; r = 0.53, P< 0.001; DBP; r = 0.45 P < 0.001) and men (SBP; r = 0.29 P = 0.001; DBP; r = 0.25 P = 0.007). Furthermore, in the multivariable-adjusted regression analysis, MUAC was positively associated with SBP in women only (adjusted R2 = 0.489, β = 0.29 (95% CI = 0.16; 2.08)), P =0.023) after adjusted for age, body fat percentage, waist-to-height ratio, smoking and alcohol. MUAC is positively correlated with BP in women, not in men of WSU community. MUAC, as a simple and low-cost quantifiable parameter, could be employed as a risk indicator in the early detection and prevention of cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) in women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenzile S Mthethwa
- Department of Human Biology, Walter Sisulu University, Nelson Mandela Drive, Mthatha5117, South Africa
| | - Zuqaqambe M Mampofu
- Department of Human Biology, Walter Sisulu University, Nelson Mandela Drive, Mthatha5117, South Africa
| | - Madigoahle A Mokwena
- Department of Human Biology, Walter Sisulu University, Nelson Mandela Drive, Mthatha5117, South Africa
| | - Nthai E Ramoshaba
- Department of Human Biology, Walter Sisulu University, Nelson Mandela Drive, Mthatha5117, South Africa
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Redon J, Carmena R. Present and future of drug therapy in hypertension: an overview. Blood Press 2024; 33:2320401. [PMID: 38444381 DOI: 10.1080/08037051.2024.2320401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2024] [Accepted: 02/12/2024] [Indexed: 03/07/2024]
Abstract
Purpose: High blood pressure (HBP) is the leading cause of mortality and years of disability, and its prevalence is increasing. Therefore, diagnosis and effective treatment of HBP is one of the main goals to prevent and reduce its complications, and pharmacological treatment is the cornerstone of hypertension management.Materials and Methods: The gradual introduction of different drug families has led to the development of new molecules that have improved efficacy and reduced adverse effects. Results: Current drugs include a large number that target key mechanisms of blood pressure regulation as well as those that contribute to hypertension-induced organ damage. Recently, new antihypertensive drugs have been introduced that not only aim to lower blood pressure but also provide additional protection against organ damage and metabolic disorders. Some of them were introduced for specific indications other than hypertension and other are based in a pharmacogenomic approach. Other routes of administration, such subcutaneous injection, are also being explored to improve protection and compliance.Conclusions: The main characteristics of each class of antihypertensive drug are summarised.
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Affiliation(s)
- Josep Redon
- INCLIVA Research Institute, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
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5
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Liao Q, Zhu M, Wu L, Wang D, Wang Z, Zhang S, Cao W, Pan X, Li J, Tang X, Xin J, Sun Y, Zhu J, Wang Z. Probing the capacity of a spatiotemporal deep learning model for short-term PM 2.5 forecasts in a coastal urban area. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 950:175233. [PMID: 39102955 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.175233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2024] [Revised: 07/22/2024] [Accepted: 07/31/2024] [Indexed: 08/07/2024]
Abstract
Accurate forecast of fine particulate matter (PM2.5) is crucial for city air pollution control, yet remains challenging due to the complex urban atmospheric chemical and physical processes. Recently deep learning has been routinely applied for better urban PM2.5 forecasts. However, their capacity to represent the spatiotemporal urban atmospheric processes remains underexplored, especially compared with traditional approaches such as chemistry-transport models (CTMs) and shallow statistical methods other than deep learning. Here we probe such urban-scale representation capacity of a spatiotemporal deep learning (STDL) model for 24-hour short-term PM2.5 forecasts at six urban stations in Rizhao, a coastal city in China. Compared with two operational CTMs and three statistical models, the STDL model shows its superiority with improvements in all five evaluation metrics, notably in root mean square error (RMSE) for forecasts at lead times within 12 h with reductions of 49.8 % and 47.8 % respectively. This demonstrates the STDL model's capacity to represent nonlinear small-scale phenomena such as street-level emissions and urban meteorology that are in general not well represented in either CTMs or shallow statistical models. This gain of small-scale representation in forecast performance decreases at increasing lead times, leading to similar RMSEs to the statistical methods (linear shallow representations) at about 12 h and to the CTMs (mesoscale representations) at 24 h. The STDL model performs especially well in winter, when complex urban physical and chemical processes dominate the frequent severe air pollution, and in moisture conditions fostering hygroscopic growth of particles. The DL-based PM2.5 forecasts align with observed trends under various humidity and wind conditions. Such investigation into the potential and limitations of deep learning representation for urban PM2.5 forecasting could hopefully inspire further fusion of distinct representations from CTMs and deep networks to break the conventional limits of short-term PM2.5 forecasts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Liao
- College of Electronic Engineering, Chengdu University of Information Technology, Chengdu 610225, China
| | - Mingming Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Environment and Extreme Meteorology, Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100029, China.
| | - Lin Wu
- Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Environment and Extreme Meteorology, Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100029, China; Carbon Neutrality Research Center (CNRC), Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Dawei Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Boundary Layer Physics and Atmospheric Chemistry (LAPC), Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Zixi Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Boundary Layer Physics and Atmospheric Chemistry (LAPC), Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100029, China; College of Earth Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Si Zhang
- Carbon Neutrality Research Center (CNRC), Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100029, China; College of Earth Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Wudi Cao
- Carbon Neutrality Research Center (CNRC), Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Xiaole Pan
- Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Environment and Extreme Meteorology, Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100029, China; State Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Boundary Layer Physics and Atmospheric Chemistry (LAPC), Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Jie Li
- Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Environment and Extreme Meteorology, Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100029, China; State Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Boundary Layer Physics and Atmospheric Chemistry (LAPC), Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Xiao Tang
- Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Environment and Extreme Meteorology, Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100029, China; State Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Boundary Layer Physics and Atmospheric Chemistry (LAPC), Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Jinyuan Xin
- Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Environment and Extreme Meteorology, Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100029, China; State Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Boundary Layer Physics and Atmospheric Chemistry (LAPC), Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Yele Sun
- Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Environment and Extreme Meteorology, Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100029, China; State Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Boundary Layer Physics and Atmospheric Chemistry (LAPC), Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100029, China; College of Earth Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Jiang Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Environment and Extreme Meteorology, Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100029, China; International Center for Climate and Environment Science (ICCES), Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Zifa Wang
- Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Environment and Extreme Meteorology, Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100029, China; State Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Boundary Layer Physics and Atmospheric Chemistry (LAPC), Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100029, China; College of Earth Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China; Center for Excellence in Urban Atmospheric Environment, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen 361021, China
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Bhattarai H, Tai APK, Val Martin M, Yung DHY. Responses of fine particulate matter (PM 2.5) air quality to future climate, land use, and emission changes: Insights from modeling across shared socioeconomic pathways. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 948:174611. [PMID: 38992356 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.174611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2024] [Revised: 06/26/2024] [Accepted: 07/06/2024] [Indexed: 07/13/2024]
Abstract
Air pollution induced by fine particulate matter with diameter ≤ 2.5 μm (PM2.5) poses a significant challenge for global air quality management. Understanding how factors such as climate change, land use and land cover change (LULCC), and changing emissions interact to impact PM2.5 remains limited. To address this gap, we employed the Community Earth System Model and examined both the individual and combined effects of these factors on global surface PM2.5 in 2010 and projected scenarios for 2050 under different Shared Socioeconomic Pathways (SSPs). Our results reveal biomass-burning and anthropogenic emissions as the primary drivers of surface PM2.5 across all SSPs. Less polluted regions like the US and Europe are expected to experience substantial PM2.5 reduction in all future scenarios, reaching up to ~5 μg m-3 (70 %) in SSP1. However, heavily polluted regions like India and China may experience varied outcomes, with a potential decrease in SSP1 and increase under SSP3. Eastern China witness ~20 % rise in PM2.5 under SSP3, while northern India may experience ~70 % increase under same scenario. Depending on the region, climate change alone is expected to change PM2.5 up to ±5 μg m-3, while the influence of LULCC appears even weaker. The modest changes in PM2.5 attributable to LULCC and climate change are associated with aerosol chemistry and meteorological effects, including biogenic volatile organic compound emissions, SO2 oxidation, and NH4NO3 formation. Despite their comparatively minor role, LULCC and climate change can still significantly shape future air quality in specific regions, potentially counteracting the benefits of emission control initiatives. This study underscores the pivotal role of changes in anthropogenic emissions in shaping future PM2.5 across all SSP scenarios. Thus, addressing all contributing factors, with a primary focus on reducing anthropogenic emissions, is crucial for achieving sustainable reduction in surface PM2.5 levels and meeting sustainable pollution mitigation goals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hemraj Bhattarai
- Earth and Environmental Sciences Programme and Graduate Division of Earth and Atmospheric Sciences, Faculty of Science, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Amos P K Tai
- Earth and Environmental Sciences Programme and Graduate Division of Earth and Atmospheric Sciences, Faculty of Science, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China; State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology and Institute of Environment, Energy and Sustainability, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.
| | - Maria Val Martin
- Leverhulme Centre for Climate Change Mitigation, School of Biosciences, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK.
| | - David H Y Yung
- Earth and Environmental Sciences Programme and Graduate Division of Earth and Atmospheric Sciences, Faculty of Science, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
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7
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Tan MY, Mo CY, Zhao Q. The Association between Magnesium Depletion Score and Hypertension in US Adults: Evidence from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (2007-2018). Biol Trace Elem Res 2024; 202:4418-4430. [PMID: 38147232 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-023-04034-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2023] [Accepted: 12/18/2023] [Indexed: 12/27/2023]
Abstract
The magnesium depletion score (MDS) emerges as a new valuable predictor of the body's magnesium status index. This study aims to explore the link between MDS and hypertension (HTN) using the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) data. A total of 9708 participants from NHANES (2007-2018) were enrolled to investigate MDS's connection with HTN. HTN was defined based on clinical guidelines. MDS classification (low, 0-1; middle, 2; high, 3-5) relied on alcohol consumption, diuretic use, proton-pump inhibitor (PPI) usage, and kidney disease. Multivariable logistic regression assessed MDS-HTN association. Subsequent analyses included interaction tests, subgroups, and sensitivity analysis. Each unit increase in MDS correlated with an 87% higher HTN risk (OR, 1.87; 95% CI, 1.64-2.13) after adjusting for confounders. High MDS participants exhibited significantly elevated HTN risk compared to low MDS counterparts (OR, 8.31; 95% CI, 4.81-14.36), with a significant trend across MDS groups (p < 0.001). Subgroup analyses supported a consistent positive correlation. Sensitivity analysis confirmed a robust association. The results indicated a positive correlation between MDS and the risk of developing HTN in US adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mo-Yao Tan
- Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Chao-Yue Mo
- Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Qian Zhao
- Chengdu Integrated TCM and Western Medicine Hospital, Chengdu, Sichuan, China.
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8
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Li L, Ma Y, Zhu C, Li Y, Cao H, Wu Z, Jin T, Wang Y, Chen S, Dong W. Paternal obesity induces subfertility in male offspring by modulating the oxidative stress-related transcriptional network. Int J Obes (Lond) 2024; 48:1318-1331. [PMID: 38902387 DOI: 10.1038/s41366-024-01562-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2024] [Revised: 05/28/2024] [Accepted: 06/03/2024] [Indexed: 06/22/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVE The effects of fathers' high-fat diet (HFD) on the reproductive health of their male offspring (HFD- F1) remain to be elucidated. Parental obesity is known to have a negative effect on offspring fertility, but there are few relevant studies on the effects of HFD-F1 on reproductive function. METHODS We first succeeded in establishing the HFD model, which provides a scientific basis in the analysis of HFD-F1 reproductive health. Next, we assessed biometric indices, intratesticular cellular status, seminiferous tubules and testicular transcriptomic homeostasis in HFD-F1. Finally, we examined epididymal (sperm-containing) apoptosis, as well as antioxidant properties, motility, plasma membrane oxidation, DNA damage, and sperm-egg binding in the epididymal sperm. RESULTS Our initial results showed that HFD-F1 mice had characteristics similar to individuals with obesity, including higher body weight and altered organ size. Despite no major changes in the types of testicular cells, we found decreased activity of important genes and noticed the presence of abnormally shaped sperm at seminiferous tubule lumen. Further analysis of HFD-F1 testes suggests that these changes might be caused by increased vulnerability to oxidative stress. Finally, we measured several sperm parameters, these results presented HFD-F1 offspring exhibited a deficiency in antioxidant properties, resulting in damaged sperm mitochondrial membrane potential, insufficient ATP content, increased DNA fragmentation, heightened plasma membrane oxidation, apoptosis-prone and decreased capacity for sperm-oocyte binding during fertilization. CONCLUSION HFD- F1 subfertility arises from the susceptibility of the transcriptional network to oxidative stress, resulting in reduced antioxidant properties, motility, sperm-egg binding, and elevated DNA damage. Schematic representation of the HFD-F1 oxidative stress susceptibility to subfertility. Notably, excessive accumulation of ROS surpasses the physiological threshold, thereby damaging PUFAs within the sperm plasma membrane. This oxidative assault affects crucial components such as mitochondria and DNA. Consequently, the sperm's antioxidant defense mechanisms become compromised, leading to a decline in vitality, motility, and fertility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Long Li
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, P.R. China
| | - Yuxuan Ma
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, P.R. China
- Biology Research Centre of Qin Mountains Wildlife, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China
| | - Chao Zhu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, P.R. China
- Ankang R&D Center of Se-enriched Products, Ankang, Shaanxi, 725000, China
| | - Yan Li
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, P.R. China
| | - Heran Cao
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, P.R. China
| | - Zifang Wu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, P.R. China
| | - Tianqi Jin
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, P.R. China
| | - Yang Wang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, P.R. China
| | - Shaoxian Chen
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, P.R. China
| | - Wuzi Dong
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, P.R. China.
- Biology Research Centre of Qin Mountains Wildlife, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China.
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Batitucci G, Almeida OG, De Martinis ECP, Solar I, Cintra DE, de Freitas EC. Intermittent fasting and high-intensity interval training do not alter gut microbiota composition in adult women with obesity. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 2024; 327:E241-E257. [PMID: 38922577 DOI: 10.1152/ajpendo.00310.2023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2023] [Revised: 06/06/2024] [Accepted: 06/07/2024] [Indexed: 06/27/2024]
Abstract
Obesity is advancing at an accelerated pace, and yet its treatment is still an emerging field. Although studies have demonstrated the role of the microbiota in the pathogenesis of obesity, this is the first study to show the effects of intermittent fasting (IF), combined or not with exercise, and high-intensity interval training (HIIT) on the gut microbiota composition in women with obesity. Our hypothesis is that IF combined with HIIT can promote the remodeling of the composition and function of the gut microbiota. Thirty-six women with obesity, aged between 18 and 40 yr, participated in the study. They were randomly divided into three groups: 1) IF associated with HIIT group [IF + exercise group (EX), n = 15]; 2) HIIT group (EX, n = 11); and 3) IF group (IF, n = 10). Interventions took place over 8 wk, and all assessments were performed preintervention and postintervention. The HIIT circuit was performed 3 times/wk, for 25 min/session. The IF protocol was a 5:2 (2 times/wk). Multiplex analysis of inflammatory cytokines, sequencing of the 16S rRNA gene, and gas chromatography to measure fecal concentrations of short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) were performed. This study was registered on ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT05237154). Exercise increased fecal acetate concentrations (P = 0.04), but no changes were observed in the composition and functional profile of the microbiota. The interventions did not change the composition of the microbiota, but exercise may play a modulatory role in the production of acetate. This investigation provides clinical insights into the use of IF and HIIT for women with obesity.NEW & NOTEWORTHY This is the first investigation about alternate-day fasting combined with HITT on the gut microbiota of obese women. The study contributes to the advancement of human science involving IF and HIIT, popular strategies for managing obesity. Previous evidence has explored IF in modulating the microbiota in animal models or specific populations and clinical conditions. Despite the subtle outcomes, this study has relevance and originality in the field of gut microbiota knowledge.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriela Batitucci
- Department of Food and Nutrition, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Araraquara, State University of Sao Paulo, Araraquara, Brazil
| | - Otávio G Almeida
- Ribeirão Preto School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Sao Paulo, Ribeirao Preto, Brazil
| | - Elaine C P De Martinis
- Ribeirão Preto School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Sao Paulo, Ribeirao Preto, Brazil
| | - Isabela Solar
- Faculty of Applied Sciences, University of Campinas, Limeira, Brazil
| | - Dennys E Cintra
- Nutritional Genomics Laboratory and Nutrigenomics and Lipids Center, Faculty of Applied Sciences, University of Campinas, Limeira, Brazil
| | - Ellen Cristini de Freitas
- Department of Food and Nutrition, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Araraquara, State University of Sao Paulo, Araraquara, Brazil
- Laboratory of Exercise Physiology and Metabolism, School of Physical Education and Sports of Ribeirao Preto, University of Sao Paulo, Ribeirao Preto, Brazil
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10
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Singh-Smith K, Sprague Martinez L, Eliasziw M, Lerman Ginzburg S, Hudda N, Betz GM, Gurcan A, Vazquez-Dodero T, Mertl A, Goldstein-Gelb W, Zamore W, Brugge D. Reaction to at-home air purifiers installed to reduce traffic-related air pollution in near-highway residences. Trials 2024; 25:551. [PMID: 39160612 PMCID: PMC11331753 DOI: 10.1186/s13063-024-08388-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2023] [Accepted: 08/07/2024] [Indexed: 08/21/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIM Traffic-related ultrafine particle pollution near highways is associated with adverse health. Reducing exposure by use of portable air purifiers in homes is one approach to reducing this risk. However, the reaction of residents to having air purifiers in homes is not well studied. METHODS Within the framework of our randomized crossover trial of air purifiers in homes near a major highway, we collected data about participants' use and reactions to air purifiers using questionnaires at their 30-day and 90-day home visits, recorded electricity consumption using HOBO monitors, and conducted structured interviews with participants. RESULTS Nearly all 150 participants reported running the air purifiers virtually 24 h every day in both their living room and their bedroom in the prior month. The units' HOBO electricity use, from a subset of 45 participants, supported the participants' responses from the questionnaire. Approximately 80% of participants reported setting their air purifier on the medium setting. Tolerance to air purifier noise increased significantly between the 30-day and 90-day home visits, with approximately two thirds reporting not being bothered at all by the noise. The qualitative interviews in a subset of 26 participants yielded consistent responses to those from the questionnaires. Size of unit, airflow, and energy consumption were additional concerns that emerged during the interviews. CONCLUSIONS Results from the questionnaires, HOBO data, and structured interviews all suggest participants had positive reactions towards the presence of in-home APs, and therefore may be receptive to using air purifiers in their homes on a regular basis. TRIAL REGISTRATION ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT04279249 . Registered 09 October 2019.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Singh-Smith
- University of Connecticut School of Medicine, 263 Farmington Ave, Farmington, CT, 06030, USA.
| | - L Sprague Martinez
- Health Disparities Institute UConn Health, 241 Main Street, Hartford, CT, 06106, USA
| | - M Eliasziw
- Department of Public Health and Community Medicine, Tufts University, 136 Harrison Ave, Boston, MA, 02111, USA
| | - S Lerman Ginzburg
- University of Connecticut School of Medicine, 263 Farmington Ave, Farmington, CT, 06030, USA
- Massachusetts College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, 179 Longwood Ave, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - N Hudda
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Tufts University, 200 College Avenue, Medford, MA, 02155, USA
| | - G M Betz
- Health Disparities Institute UConn Health, 241 Main Street, Hartford, CT, 06106, USA
| | - A Gurcan
- University of Connecticut School of Medicine, 263 Farmington Ave, Farmington, CT, 06030, USA
| | - T Vazquez-Dodero
- University of Connecticut School of Medicine, 263 Farmington Ave, Farmington, CT, 06030, USA
| | - A Mertl
- University of Connecticut School of Medicine, 263 Farmington Ave, Farmington, CT, 06030, USA
| | | | - W Zamore
- Somerville Transportation Equity Partnership, 51 Mount Vernon St, Somerville, MA, 02145, USA
| | - D Brugge
- University of Connecticut School of Medicine, 263 Farmington Ave, Farmington, CT, 06030, USA
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11
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Li X, Jiang H. Global, regional, and national burden of ischaemic heart disease and its attributable risk factors in youth from 1990 to 2019: a Global Burden of Disease study. Public Health 2024; 236:43-51. [PMID: 39159577 DOI: 10.1016/j.puhe.2024.07.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2024] [Revised: 05/21/2024] [Accepted: 07/11/2024] [Indexed: 08/21/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The objective of this study was to analyse the global, regional, and national burdens of ischaemic heart disease (IHD) in adults aged 15-49 years and its attributable risk factors from 1990 to 2019. STUDY DESIGN Epidemiological study. METHODS Data were obtained from the Global Burden of Disease (GBD) Study 2019. The estimated annual percentage change was used to evaluate temporal trends in incidence, deaths, and disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) of youth IHD. We selected IHD-associated risk factors, including five environmental/occupational factors, 16 behavioural risks, and five metabolic factors. We computed the age-standardised rates and percentage of age-standardised DALY rates attributable to these factors of youth IHD. RESULTS Globally, there were 2.26 million cases of incidence, 0.63 million deaths, and 30.58 million DALYs in 2019. The age-standardised incidence, death, and DALY rates decreased from 1990 to 2019, whereas the absolute number of incidences, deaths, and DALYs increased significantly. Globally, approximately 94.1% of age-standardised DALY rates from IHD in youths aged 15-49 years are attributable to risk factors listed in the GBD 2019 dataset. The leading global and regional risk factors for youth IHD in 2019 were high low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (68.9%), high systolic blood pressure (51.2%), high body mass index (33.1%), smoking (30.5%), and ambient particulate-matter pollution (25.4%). CONCLUSIONS The burden of IHD among young people is still heavy, and metabolic risk factors are the leading drivers of IHD. Therefore, formulating relevant policies to control and treat cardiovascular risk factors is an effective measure to reduce the IHD burden in youth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaolu Li
- Experimental Research Center, Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing Institute of Heart, Lung and Blood Vessel Diseases, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Hongfeng Jiang
- Experimental Research Center, Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing Institute of Heart, Lung and Blood Vessel Diseases, Beijing 100029, China.
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12
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Mai LX, Liu Y, Wen H, Zeng ZY. The correlation between healthy lifestyle habits and all-cause and cardiovascular mortality in Guangxi. BMC Public Health 2024; 24:2226. [PMID: 39148074 PMCID: PMC11328494 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-024-19718-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2024] [Accepted: 08/07/2024] [Indexed: 08/17/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Adherence to healthy lifestyle habits has become a mainstream approach for lessening the burden of cardiovascular disease (CVD) during initial prevention efforts. The purpose of this study was to investigate the prevalence of four healthy lifestyle habits, the associated factors, and their impact on all-cause and cardiovascular mortality among residents of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region. METHODS From 2015 to 2019, individuals between the ages of 35 and 75 from Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region were recruited through the ChinaHeart Million Person Project. Our study examined four healthy lifestyle habits: not smoking, no or moderate amounts of alcohol, sufficient leisure time physical activity (LTPA) and a balanced diet. RESULTS Out of the 19,969 individuals involved, the majority, 77.3% did not smoke, while 96.7% had limited alcohol intake, 24.5% engaged in sufficient LTPA, 5.5% followed a balanced diet, and merely 1.7% adhered to all four healthy lifestyle habits. Participants who were women, older, nonfarmers, living in cities, with a high income or level of education, or had hypertension or diabetes were more likely to follow all four healthy lifestyle habits (p < 0.001). People who followed the three healthy lifestyle habits had reduced chances of death from all cause (HR 0.34[95% CI:0.15,0.76]) and cardiovascular-related death (HR 0.23 [95% CI: 0.07, 0.68]) (p < 0.01) over a median period of 3.5 years. CONCLUSIONS In Guangxi Province, the level of adherence to healthy lifestyle habits is very minimal. Therefore, population-specific health promotion strategies are urgently needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lan-Xian Mai
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, No.6 Shuangyong Road, Nanning, 530021, China
- School of Information and Management, Guangxi Medical University, No.22 Shuangyong Road, Nanning, 530021, China
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Precision Medicine in Cardio-Cerebrovascular Diseases Control and Prevention, Nanning, China
- Guangxi Clinical Research Center for Cardio-Cerebrovascular Diseases, Nanning, China
| | - Ying Liu
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, No.6 Shuangyong Road, Nanning, 530021, China
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Precision Medicine in Cardio-Cerebrovascular Diseases Control and Prevention, Nanning, China
- Guangxi Clinical Research Center for Cardio-Cerebrovascular Diseases, Nanning, China
- School of Public Administration, Guangxi University, No.100 East University Road, Nanning, 530004, China
| | - Hong Wen
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, No.6 Shuangyong Road, Nanning, 530021, China.
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Precision Medicine in Cardio-Cerebrovascular Diseases Control and Prevention, Nanning, China.
- Guangxi Clinical Research Center for Cardio-Cerebrovascular Diseases, Nanning, China.
| | - Zhi-Yu Zeng
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, No.6 Shuangyong Road, Nanning, 530021, China.
- School of Information and Management, Guangxi Medical University, No.22 Shuangyong Road, Nanning, 530021, China.
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Precision Medicine in Cardio-Cerebrovascular Diseases Control and Prevention, Nanning, China.
- Guangxi Clinical Research Center for Cardio-Cerebrovascular Diseases, Nanning, China.
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13
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Liu ZS, Wang KH, Han Q, Jiang CY, Liu SJ, Li DF. Sphingobium sp. SJ10-10 encodes a not-yet-reported chromate reductase and the classical Rieske dioxygenases to simultaneously degrade PAH and reduce chromate. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2024; 475:134889. [PMID: 38878436 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2024.134889] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2024] [Revised: 05/28/2024] [Accepted: 06/10/2024] [Indexed: 06/27/2024]
Abstract
Both polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and heavy metals persist in the environment and are toxic to organisms. Their co-occurrence makes any of them difficult to remove during bioremediation and poses challenges to environmental management and public health. Microorganisms capable of effectively degrading PAHs and detoxifying heavy metals concurrently are required to improve the bioremediation process. In this study, we isolated a new strain, Sphingobium sp. SJ10-10, from an abandoned coking plant and demonstrated its capability to simultaneously degrade 92.6 % of 75 mg/L phenanthrene and reduce 90 % of 3.5 mg/L hexavalent chromium [Cr(VI)] within 1.5 days. Strain SJ10-10 encodes Rieske non-heme iron ring-hydroxylating oxygenases (RHOs) to initiate PAH degradation. Additionally, a not-yet-reported protein referred to as Sphingobium chromate reductase (SchR), with low sequence identity to known chromate reductases, was identified to reduce Cr(VI). SchR is distributed across different genera and can be classified into two classes: one from Sphingobium members and the other from non-Sphingobium species. The widespread presence of SchR in those RHO-containing Sphingobium members suggests that they are excellent candidates for bioremediation. In summary, our study demonstrates the simultaneous removal of PAHs and Cr(VI) by strain SJ10-10 and provides valuable insights into microbial strategies for managing complex pollutant mixtures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ze-Shen Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Resources and Environmental Microbiology Research Center at Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Ke-Huan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Resources and Environmental Microbiology Research Center at Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Qun Han
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Resources and Environmental Microbiology Research Center at Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Cheng-Ying Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Resources and Environmental Microbiology Research Center at Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Shuang-Jiang Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Resources and Environmental Microbiology Research Center at Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China.
| | - De-Feng Li
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Resources and Environmental Microbiology Research Center at Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China.
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14
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Walker RJ, Magro C, Amjad R, Hawks LC, Iregbu S, Egede LE. Material needs security and cardiovascular risk factors in rural South Africa. BMC Public Health 2024; 24:2170. [PMID: 39135025 PMCID: PMC11318146 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-024-19688-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2024] [Accepted: 08/05/2024] [Indexed: 08/15/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The prevalence of cardiovascular disease is burgeoning in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). In sub-Saharan Africa, the prevalence of cardiovascular risk factors is increasing, though rates of CVD diagnosis and management remain low. Awareness of the influence of social determinants of health (SDOH) on cardiovascular outcomes is growing, however, most work focuses on high-income countries. Material needs security is a measure of SDOH that may be particularly relevant for LMICs. This study investigated the relationship between material needs security and cardiovascular risk in older adults living in South Africa. METHODS The analysis included 5059 respondents age ≥ 40 in the Health and Aging in Africa survey, an observational cohort study administered in 2014 in Mpumalanga Province, South Africa. Linear regression models tested the association between material needs and eight cardiovascular risk factors (waist-to-hip ratio, body mass index, blood pressure, glucose, cholesterol, LDL, and triglycerides). Adjusted linear regression models controlled for sociodemographic confounders. RESULTS There were significant adjusted associations found between increased material needs security and four cardiovascular risk factors, including waist-to-hip ratio (β = 0.001; 95% CI [0.00002,0.002]), BMI (β = 0.19; 95%CI=[0.14,0.24]), glucose (β = 0.46; 95%CI=[0.02,0.90]), and triglycerides (β = 0.26; 95%CI=[0.02,0.49]). CONCLUSION Increased material needs security was associated with significantly increased cardiovascular risk in older adults in rural South Africa. These findings can inform the approach to treatment and management of cardiovascular disease in South Africa and similar LMICs. Future investigations should evaluate the implementation and efficacy of interventions that recognize the role of material needs security in cardiovascular risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebekah J Walker
- Division of Population Health, Department of Medicine, Jacob's School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University at Buffalo, 100 High Street, Buffalo, NY, D2-76, 14203, USA
| | - Caitlin Magro
- School of Medicine, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA
| | - Rabia Amjad
- Center for Advancing Population Science (CAPS), Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA
| | - Laura C Hawks
- Center for Advancing Population Science (CAPS), Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA
- Division of General Internal Medicine, Department of Medicine, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA
| | - Sandra Iregbu
- Center for Advancing Population Science (CAPS), Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA
| | - Leonard E Egede
- Division of Population Health, Department of Medicine, Jacob's School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University at Buffalo, 100 High Street, Buffalo, NY, D2-76, 14203, USA.
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15
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Hughes F, Parsons L, Levy JH, Shindell D, Alhanti B, Ohnuma T, Kasibhatla P, Montgomery H, Krishnamoorthy V. Impact of Wildfire Smoke on Acute Illness. Anesthesiology 2024:141837. [PMID: 39105660 DOI: 10.1097/aln.0000000000005115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/07/2024]
Affiliation(s)
- Fintan Hughes
- Fintan Hughes, M.B.B.Ch., B.A.O.: Department of Anesthesiology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Luke Parsons
- Luke Parsons, Ph.D.: Global Science, Nature Conservancy and Nicholas School of the Environment, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Jerrold H Levy
- Jerrold H. Levy, M.D., F.A.H.A., F.C.C.M.: Departments of Anesthesiology and Surgery (Cardiothoracic), Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Drew Shindell
- Drew Shindell, Ph.D.: Nicholas School of the Environment, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Brooke Alhanti
- Brooke Alhanti, Ph.D.: Duke Clinical Research Institute, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Tetsu Ohnuma
- Tetsu Ohnuma, M.D., Ph.D., M.P.H.: Department of Anesthesiology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Prasad Kasibhatla
- Prasad Kasibhatla, Ph.D.: Nicholas School of the Environment, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Hugh Montgomery
- Hugh Montgomery, O.B.E., M.D.: Department of Intensive Care Medicine, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Vijay Krishnamoorthy
- Vijay Krishnamoorthy, M.D., M.P.H., Ph.D.: Department of Anesthesiology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina
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16
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Ngekeng S, Oke R, Yost M, Dissak-Delon F, Hubbard A, McCoy SI, Christie A, Shoptaw S, Chichom-Mefire A, Juillard C. Prevalence and Factors Associated With Alcohol-Related Road Traffic Injuries in Cameroon. J Surg Res 2024; 302:116-124. [PMID: 39096740 DOI: 10.1016/j.jss.2024.07.050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2024] [Revised: 06/18/2024] [Accepted: 07/05/2024] [Indexed: 08/05/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION While the negative effects of drunk driving, including road traffic injuries (RTIs) have been well documented in high-income countries, little has been reported in African countries like Cameroon. This study aimed to measure the prevalence of alcohol-related RTIs (ARRTIs), its associated factors, and its association with injury severity. METHODS The Cameroon Trauma Registry prospectively collects trauma data from 10 hospitals in Cameroon. This study included patients enrolled between June 2022 and May 2023 for acute RTIs. We assessed the frequency of binge drinking episodes in the past year and self-reported alcohol consumption 6 h before RTI. Bivariate analysis using chi-squared or Fisher's exact test was used to test for associations between ARRTIs and independent variables. Multivariate logistic regression was performed with variables with a P value < 0.05. RESULTS A total of 3761 RTI cases were recorded with 77.5% (n = 2909) males and a median age of 32 y (IQR = 20 y). Prevalence of ARRTI was 9.01% (n = 338). Any self-reported binge drinking episodes (less than monthly adjusted odds ratio [AOR] = 4.97, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 3.39-7.25; monthly AOR = 5.47, 95% CI = 3.66-8.11; weekly AOR = 6.55, 95% CI = 4.63-9.27; or daily AOR = 11.15, 95% CI = 7.52-16.52) was significantly associated with ARRTI compared to none reported. Male gender, higher educational status, tobacco use, depression, and means of transportation were other associated factors. CONCLUSIONS Almost one in 10 patients had consumed alcohol 6 h prior to RTI with odds of ARRTI significantly increasing with increased frequency in binge drinking. There is a need for evidenced-based, integrated approaches targeting sociodemographic and behavioral factors toward prevention of ARRTIs in Cameroon.
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Affiliation(s)
- Serge Ngekeng
- Faculty of Health sciences, Sustainable Trauma, Research, Education and Mentorship (STREaM) Project, University of Buea, Buea, Cameroon.
| | - Rasheedat Oke
- Program for the Advancement of Surgical Equity (PASE), Department of Surgery, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California
| | - Mark Yost
- Program for the Advancement of Surgical Equity (PASE), Department of Surgery, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California
| | - Fanny Dissak-Delon
- Data Science Center for the Study of Surgery, Injury, and Equity in Africa (D-SINE-Africa), University of Buea, Buea, Cameroon
| | - Alan Hubbard
- Division of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, California
| | - Sandra I McCoy
- Division of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, California
| | - Ariane Christie
- Program for the Advancement of Surgical Equity (PASE), Department of Surgery, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California
| | - Steven Shoptaw
- Department of Family Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California
| | - Alain Chichom-Mefire
- Faculty of Health sciences, Sustainable Trauma, Research, Education and Mentorship (STREaM) Project, University of Buea, Buea, Cameroon; Data Science Center for the Study of Surgery, Injury, and Equity in Africa (D-SINE-Africa), University of Buea, Buea, Cameroon
| | - Catherine Juillard
- Program for the Advancement of Surgical Equity (PASE), Department of Surgery, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California
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17
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An DW, Yu YL, Hara A, Martens DS, Yang WY, Cheng YB, Huang QF, Asayama K, Stolarz-Skrzypek K, Rajzer M, Verhamme P, Nawrot TS, Li Y, Staessen JA. Lead-associated mortality in the US 1999-2020: a time-stratified analysis of a national cohort. J Hypertens 2024; 42:1322-1330. [PMID: 38511337 PMCID: PMC11216377 DOI: 10.1097/hjh.0000000000003713] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2023] [Revised: 01/28/2024] [Accepted: 02/25/2024] [Indexed: 03/22/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES We undertook time-stratified analyses of the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey in the US to assess time trends (1999-2020) in the associations of blood lead (BL) with blood pressure, mortality, the BL-associated population attributable fraction (PAF). METHODS Vital status of participants, 20-79 years old at enrolment, was ascertained via the National Death Index. Regressions, mediation analyses and PAF were multivariable adjusted and standardized to 2020 US Census data. RESULTS In time-stratified analyses, BL decreased from 1.76 μg/dl in 1999-2004 to 0.93 μg/dl in 2017-2020, while the proportion of individuals with BL < 1 μg/dl increased from 19.2% to 63.0%. Total mortality was unrelated to BL (hazard ratio (HR) for a fourfold BL increment: 1.05 [95% confidence interval, CI: 0.93-1.17]). The HR for cardiovascular death was 1.44 (1.01-2.07) in the 1999-2000 cycle, but lost significance thereafter. BL was directly related to cardiovascular mortality, whereas the indirect BL pathway via BP was not significant. Low socioeconomic status (SES) was directly related to BL and cardiovascular mortality, but the indirect SES pathway via BL lost significance in 2007-2010. From 1999-2004 to 2017-2020, cardiovascular PAF decreased ( P < 0.001) from 7.80% (0.17-14.4%) to 2.50% (0.05-4.68%) and number of lead-attributable cardiovascular deaths from 53 878 (1167-99 253) to 7539 (160-14 108). CONCLUSION Due to implementation of strict environmental policies, lead exposure is no longer associated with total mortality, and the mildly increased cardiovascular mortality is not associated with blood lead via blood pressure in the United States.
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Affiliation(s)
- De-Wei An
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Hypertension, Shanghai Institute of Hypertension, State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics, National Research Center for Translational Medicine, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Non-Profit Research Association Alliance for the Promotion of Preventive Medicine
- Research Unit Environment and Health, KU Leuven Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Yu-Ling Yu
- Non-Profit Research Association Alliance for the Promotion of Preventive Medicine
- Research Unit Environment and Health, KU Leuven Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Azusa Hara
- Division of Drug Development and Regulatory Science, Faculty of Pharmacy, Keio University, Japan
| | - Dries S. Martens
- Center for Environmental Sciences, Hasselt University, Hasselt, Belgium
| | - Wen-Yi Yang
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yi-Bang Cheng
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Hypertension, Shanghai Institute of Hypertension, State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics, National Research Center for Translational Medicine, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Qi-Fang Huang
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Hypertension, Shanghai Institute of Hypertension, State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics, National Research Center for Translational Medicine, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Kei Asayama
- Non-Profit Research Association Alliance for the Promotion of Preventive Medicine
- Department of Hygiene and Public Health, Teikyo University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Katarzyna Stolarz-Skrzypek
- First Department of Cardiology, Interventional Electrocardiology and Hypertension, Jagiellonian University, Kraków, Poland
| | - Marek Rajzer
- First Department of Cardiology, Interventional Electrocardiology and Hypertension, Jagiellonian University, Kraków, Poland
| | - Peter Verhamme
- Center for Molecular and Vascular Biology, KU Leuven Department of Cardiovascular Sciences
| | - Tim S. Nawrot
- Research Unit Environment and Health, KU Leuven Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
- Center for Environmental Sciences, Hasselt University, Hasselt, Belgium
| | - Yan Li
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Hypertension, Shanghai Institute of Hypertension, State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics, National Research Center for Translational Medicine, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jan A. Staessen
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Hypertension, Shanghai Institute of Hypertension, State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics, National Research Center for Translational Medicine, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Non-Profit Research Association Alliance for the Promotion of Preventive Medicine
- Biomedical Sciences Group, Faculty of Medicine, University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
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18
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Schattner A. Comprehensive Evidence-Based Health Maintenance. Am J Med 2024; 137:706-711. [PMID: 38582322 DOI: 10.1016/j.amjmed.2024.03.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2024] [Revised: 03/26/2024] [Accepted: 03/27/2024] [Indexed: 04/08/2024]
Abstract
The potential of primary prevention to prevent, delay, or ameliorate disease is immense. However, the total spending on preventive services in the United States remains astoundingly small and represents a meager 3.5% of total health care spending. Moreover, training focused on prevention in medical schools is often neglected, and time-constrained primary providers frequently omit effective preventive and early detection measures, or perform them perfunctorily. Indeed, preventable conditions of serious consequences including "premature" mortality, cardiovascular events, and major organ failure are ubiquitous with the global obesity and diabetes epidemics, and the ongoing high prevalence of noxious habits and drug abuse. Although each aspect has been the subject of extensive research, a succinct evidence-based summary is scarce. We have conducted a review of high-quality evidence (systematic reviews, meta-analyses, and practice guidelines) over the last 20 years to extract the best updated recommendations on comprehensive disease prevention and approved screening, briefly citing significant risk reductions by lifestyle interventions, pharmacological prevention, cancer screening, other endorsed screening, immunizations, and issues in the patient-provider interface.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ami Schattner
- The Faculty of Medicine, Hebrew University and Hadassah Medical School, Jerusalem, Israel.
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Żórawik A, Hajdusianek W, Kusnerż A, Markiewicz-Górka I, Jaremków A, Martynowicz H, Pawlas K, Mazur G, Poręba R, Gać P. Relation Between Exposure to Tobacco Smoke Assessed by Serum Cotinine Concentration and Questionnaire Method, and Serum Renalase Concentration-the Importance of the Coexistence of Arterial Hypertension and Other Cardiovascular Diseases. Cardiovasc Toxicol 2024; 24:737-746. [PMID: 38748312 PMCID: PMC11300532 DOI: 10.1007/s12012-024-09868-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2022] [Accepted: 04/26/2024] [Indexed: 08/07/2024]
Abstract
Exposure to tobacco smoke (ETS) is one of the main risk factors for cardiovascular disease (CVD). Renalase is a protein that may play a role in the pathogenesis of CVD. The aim of the study was to assess the relationship between ETS and serum renalase concentration. A group of 109 patients was recruited for this study (49.7 ± 14.7 years). In accordance with the questionnaire, patients were divided into the following subgroups: subgroup A- declaring themselves active smokers (n = 36), subgroup B- declaring themselves non-smokers and exposed to environmental tobacco smoke (n = 35), subgroup C- declaring themselves non-smokers and not exposed to environmental tobacco smoke (n = 38). The same patients were divided based on cotinine concentration into the following subgroups: subgroup D- active smokers (n = 42), subgroup E- non-smokers exposed to environmental tobacco smoke (n = 66), and subgroup F- non-smokers not exposed to environmental tobacco smoke (n = 1). Serum cotinine concentration and serum renalase concentration were measured using ELISA tests. Serum renalase concentration was statistically significantly higher in subgroup C than in subgroups A and B and in subgroup E and F than in D. There was a negative correlation between serum cotinine concentration and serum renalase concentration (r = -0.41, p < 0.05). Regression analysis showed that higher BMI, higher diastolic blood pressure, coronary artery disease and higher serum cotinine concentration are independent risk factors of lower serum renalase concentration. The questionnaire method of assessing exposure to tobacco smoke was characterized by high sensitivity, but only moderate specificity, especially in terms of assessing environmental exposure to tobacco smoke. In summary, the study showed an independent relationship between exposure to tobacco smoke and lower serum renalase concentration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aleksandra Żórawik
- Division of Environmental Health and Occupational Medicine, Department of Population Health, Wroclaw Medical University, Mikulicza-Radeckiego 7, PL 50-368, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Wojciech Hajdusianek
- Division of Environmental Health and Occupational Medicine, Department of Population Health, Wroclaw Medical University, Mikulicza-Radeckiego 7, PL 50-368, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Agnieszka Kusnerż
- Division of Environmental Health and Occupational Medicine, Department of Population Health, Wroclaw Medical University, Mikulicza-Radeckiego 7, PL 50-368, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Iwona Markiewicz-Górka
- Division of Environmental Health and Occupational Medicine, Department of Population Health, Wroclaw Medical University, Mikulicza-Radeckiego 7, PL 50-368, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Aleksandra Jaremków
- Division of Environmental Health and Occupational Medicine, Department of Population Health, Wroclaw Medical University, Mikulicza-Radeckiego 7, PL 50-368, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Helena Martynowicz
- Department of Internal Medicine, Occupational Diseases, Hypertension and Clinical Oncology, Wroclaw Medical University, Borowska 213, PL 50-556, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Krystyna Pawlas
- Division of Environmental Health and Occupational Medicine, Department of Population Health, Wroclaw Medical University, Mikulicza-Radeckiego 7, PL 50-368, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Grzegorz Mazur
- Department of Internal Medicine, Occupational Diseases, Hypertension and Clinical Oncology, Wroclaw Medical University, Borowska 213, PL 50-556, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Rafał Poręba
- Department of Internal Medicine, Occupational Diseases, Hypertension and Clinical Oncology, Wroclaw Medical University, Borowska 213, PL 50-556, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Paweł Gać
- Division of Environmental Health and Occupational Medicine, Department of Population Health, Wroclaw Medical University, Mikulicza-Radeckiego 7, PL 50-368, Wroclaw, Poland.
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20
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Weller RB. Sunlight: Time for a Rethink? J Invest Dermatol 2024; 144:1724-1732. [PMID: 38661623 DOI: 10.1016/j.jid.2023.12.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2023] [Revised: 12/20/2023] [Accepted: 12/22/2023] [Indexed: 04/26/2024]
Abstract
UVR is a skin carcinogen, yet no studies link sun exposure to increased all-cause mortality. Epidemiological studies from the United Kingdom and Sweden link sun exposure with reduced all-cause, cardiovascular, and cancer mortality. Vitamin D synthesis is dependent on UVB exposure. Individuals with higher serum levels of vitamin D are healthier in many ways, yet multiple trials of oral vitamin D supplementation show little benefit. Growing evidence shows that sunlight has health benefits through vitamin D-independent pathways, such as photomobilization of nitric oxide from cutaneous stores with reduction in cardiovascular morbidity. Sunlight has important systemic health benefit as well as risks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard B Weller
- Centre for Inflammation Research, Institute for Regeneration and Repair, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom; Department of Dermatology, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom.
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21
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Kim K, Nist KM, Puleo F, McKenna J, Wainford RD. Sex differences in dietary sodium evoked NCC regulation and blood pressure in male and female Sprague-Dawley, Dahl salt-resistant, and Dahl salt-sensitive rats. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 2024; 327:F277-F289. [PMID: 38813592 DOI: 10.1152/ajprenal.00150.2023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2023] [Revised: 05/07/2024] [Accepted: 05/15/2024] [Indexed: 05/31/2024] Open
Abstract
Hypertension affects approximately one in two United States adults and sex plays an important role in the pathogenesis of hypertension. The Na+-Cl- cotransporter (NCC), regulated by a kinase network including with-no-lysine kinase (WNK)1 and WNK4, STE20/SPS1-related proline alanine-rich kinase (SPAK), and oxidative stress response 1 (OxSR1), is critical to Na+ reabsorption and blood pressure regulation. Dietary salt differentially modulates NCC in salt-sensitive and salt-resistant rats, in part by modulation of WNK/SPAK/OxSR1 signaling. In this study, we tested the hypothesis that sex-dependent differences in NCC regulation contribute to the development of the salt sensitivity of blood pressure using male and female Sprague-Dawley (SD), Dahl salt-resistant (DSR), and Dahl salt-sensitive (DSS) rats. In normotensive salt-resistant SD and DSR rats, a high-salt diet evoked significant decreases in NCC activity, expression, and phosphorylation. In males, these changes were associated with no change in WNK1 expression, a decrease in WNK4 levels, and suppression of SPAK/OxSR1 expression and phosphorylation. In contrast, in females, there was decreased NCC activity associated with suppression of SPAK/OxSR1 expression and phosphorylation. In hypertensive DSS rats, the ability of females to suppress NCC (in opposition to males) via a SPAK/OxSR1 mechanism likely contributes to their lower magnitude of salt-sensitive hypertension. Collectively, our findings support the existence of sex differences in male versus female rats with NCC regulation during dietary salt intake involving suppression of WNK4 expression in male rats only and the involvement of SPAK/OxSR1 signaling in both males and females.NEW & NOTEWORTHY NCC regulation is sex dependent. In normotensive male and female Sprague-Dawley and Dahl salt-resistant rats, which exhibit dietary Na+-evoked NCC suppression, male rats exhibit decreased WNK4 expression and decreased SPAK and OxSR1 levels, whereas female rats only suppress SPAK and OxSR1. In hypertensive Dahl salt-sensitive rats, the ability of females to suppress NCC (in opposition to males) via a SPAK/OxSR1 mechanism likely contributes to their lower magnitude of salt-sensitive hypertension.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kiyoung Kim
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Whitaker Cardiovascular Institute, Boston University Chobanian and Avedisian School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, United States
| | - Kayla M Nist
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Boston University Chobanian and Avedisian School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, United States
| | - Franco Puleo
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Whitaker Cardiovascular Institute, Boston University Chobanian and Avedisian School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, United States
| | - James McKenna
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, United States
| | - Richard D Wainford
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Whitaker Cardiovascular Institute, Boston University Chobanian and Avedisian School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, United States
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, United States
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22
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Wu B, Sheng N, Li Z, Wang J, Ji S, Zhao F, Pan Y, Qu Y, Wei Y, Xie L, Li Y, Hu X, Wu C, Zhang Z, Qiu Y, Zheng X, Zhang W, Hu X, Song H, Cai J, Cao Z, Ji JS, Lv Y, Dai J, Shi X. Positive Associations of Perfluoroalkyl and Polyfluoroalkyl Substances With Hypertension May Be Attenuated by Endogenous Sex Hormones: A Nationally Representative Cross-Sectional Study. Hypertension 2024; 81:1799-1810. [PMID: 38853753 DOI: 10.1161/hypertensionaha.123.22127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2023] [Accepted: 05/06/2024] [Indexed: 06/11/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Perfluoroalkyl and polyfluoroalkyl substance (PFAS) has endocrine-disrupting properties and may affect blood pressure. Endogenous hormones also play a crucial role in the progression of hypertension. However, their interaction with hypertension remains to be explored. METHODS This study included 10 794 adults aged ≥18 years from the China National Human Biomonitoring program. Weighted multiple logistic regression and linear regression were used to examine the associations of serum PFAS with hypertension, diastolic blood pressure, and systolic blood pressure. Joint effects of PFAS mixtures on hypertension, diastolic blood pressure, and systolic blood pressure were evaluated using quantile-based g-computation. Additive and multiplicative interactions were used to assess the role of PFAS with testosterone and estradiol on hypertension. RESULTS The prevalence of hypertension in Chinese adults was 35.50%. Comparing the fourth quartile with the first quartile, odds ratio (95% CI) of hypertension were 1.53 (1.13-2.09) for perfluorononanoic acid, 1.40 (1.03-1.91) for perfluorodecanoic acid, 1.34 (1.02-1.78) for perfluoroheptane sulfonic acid, and 1.46 (1.07-1.99) for perfluorooctane sulfonic acid. Moreover, PFAS mixtures, with perfluorononanoic acid contributing the most, were positively associated with hypertension, diastolic blood pressure, and systolic blood pressure. PFAS and endogenous hormones had an antagonistic interaction in hypertension. For example, the relative excess risk ratio, attributable proportion, and synergy index for perfluorononanoic acid and estradiol were -3.61 (-4.68 to -2.53), -1.65 (-2.59 to -0.71), and 0.25 (0.13-0.47), respectively. CONCLUSIONS Perfluorononanoic acid, perfluorodecanoic acid, perfluoroheptane sulfonic acid, perfluorooctane sulfonic acid, and PFAS mixtures showed positive associations with hypertension, systolic blood pressure, and diastolic blood pressure. Positive associations of PFAS with hypertension might be attenuated by increased levels of endogenous sex hormones.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bing Wu
- China CDC Key Laboratory of Environment and Population Health, National Institute of Environmental Health, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing (B.W., Z.L., S.J., F.Z., Y.Q., Y.W., L.X., Y.L., X.H., C.W., Z.Z., Y.Q., X.Z., W.Z., X.H., H.S., J.C., Z.C., Y.L., X.S.)
| | - Nan Sheng
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Environmental Health Impact Assessment of Emerging Contaminants, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, China (N.S., J.W., Y.P., J.D.)
| | - Zheng Li
- China CDC Key Laboratory of Environment and Population Health, National Institute of Environmental Health, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing (B.W., Z.L., S.J., F.Z., Y.Q., Y.W., L.X., Y.L., X.H., C.W., Z.Z., Y.Q., X.Z., W.Z., X.H., H.S., J.C., Z.C., Y.L., X.S.)
| | - Jinghua Wang
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Environmental Health Impact Assessment of Emerging Contaminants, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, China (N.S., J.W., Y.P., J.D.)
| | - Saisai Ji
- China CDC Key Laboratory of Environment and Population Health, National Institute of Environmental Health, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing (B.W., Z.L., S.J., F.Z., Y.Q., Y.W., L.X., Y.L., X.H., C.W., Z.Z., Y.Q., X.Z., W.Z., X.H., H.S., J.C., Z.C., Y.L., X.S.)
| | - Feng Zhao
- China CDC Key Laboratory of Environment and Population Health, National Institute of Environmental Health, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing (B.W., Z.L., S.J., F.Z., Y.Q., Y.W., L.X., Y.L., X.H., C.W., Z.Z., Y.Q., X.Z., W.Z., X.H., H.S., J.C., Z.C., Y.L., X.S.)
| | - Yitao Pan
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Environmental Health Impact Assessment of Emerging Contaminants, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, China (N.S., J.W., Y.P., J.D.)
| | - Yingli Qu
- China CDC Key Laboratory of Environment and Population Health, National Institute of Environmental Health, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing (B.W., Z.L., S.J., F.Z., Y.Q., Y.W., L.X., Y.L., X.H., C.W., Z.Z., Y.Q., X.Z., W.Z., X.H., H.S., J.C., Z.C., Y.L., X.S.)
| | - Yuan Wei
- China CDC Key Laboratory of Environment and Population Health, National Institute of Environmental Health, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing (B.W., Z.L., S.J., F.Z., Y.Q., Y.W., L.X., Y.L., X.H., C.W., Z.Z., Y.Q., X.Z., W.Z., X.H., H.S., J.C., Z.C., Y.L., X.S.)
| | - Linna Xie
- China CDC Key Laboratory of Environment and Population Health, National Institute of Environmental Health, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing (B.W., Z.L., S.J., F.Z., Y.Q., Y.W., L.X., Y.L., X.H., C.W., Z.Z., Y.Q., X.Z., W.Z., X.H., H.S., J.C., Z.C., Y.L., X.S.)
| | - Yawei Li
- China CDC Key Laboratory of Environment and Population Health, National Institute of Environmental Health, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing (B.W., Z.L., S.J., F.Z., Y.Q., Y.W., L.X., Y.L., X.H., C.W., Z.Z., Y.Q., X.Z., W.Z., X.H., H.S., J.C., Z.C., Y.L., X.S.)
| | - Xiaojian Hu
- China CDC Key Laboratory of Environment and Population Health, National Institute of Environmental Health, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing (B.W., Z.L., S.J., F.Z., Y.Q., Y.W., L.X., Y.L., X.H., C.W., Z.Z., Y.Q., X.Z., W.Z., X.H., H.S., J.C., Z.C., Y.L., X.S.)
| | - Changzi Wu
- China CDC Key Laboratory of Environment and Population Health, National Institute of Environmental Health, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing (B.W., Z.L., S.J., F.Z., Y.Q., Y.W., L.X., Y.L., X.H., C.W., Z.Z., Y.Q., X.Z., W.Z., X.H., H.S., J.C., Z.C., Y.L., X.S.)
| | - Zheng Zhang
- China CDC Key Laboratory of Environment and Population Health, National Institute of Environmental Health, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing (B.W., Z.L., S.J., F.Z., Y.Q., Y.W., L.X., Y.L., X.H., C.W., Z.Z., Y.Q., X.Z., W.Z., X.H., H.S., J.C., Z.C., Y.L., X.S.)
| | - Yidan Qiu
- China CDC Key Laboratory of Environment and Population Health, National Institute of Environmental Health, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing (B.W., Z.L., S.J., F.Z., Y.Q., Y.W., L.X., Y.L., X.H., C.W., Z.Z., Y.Q., X.Z., W.Z., X.H., H.S., J.C., Z.C., Y.L., X.S.)
| | - Xulin Zheng
- China CDC Key Laboratory of Environment and Population Health, National Institute of Environmental Health, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing (B.W., Z.L., S.J., F.Z., Y.Q., Y.W., L.X., Y.L., X.H., C.W., Z.Z., Y.Q., X.Z., W.Z., X.H., H.S., J.C., Z.C., Y.L., X.S.)
| | - Wenli Zhang
- China CDC Key Laboratory of Environment and Population Health, National Institute of Environmental Health, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing (B.W., Z.L., S.J., F.Z., Y.Q., Y.W., L.X., Y.L., X.H., C.W., Z.Z., Y.Q., X.Z., W.Z., X.H., H.S., J.C., Z.C., Y.L., X.S.)
| | - Xuehua Hu
- China CDC Key Laboratory of Environment and Population Health, National Institute of Environmental Health, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing (B.W., Z.L., S.J., F.Z., Y.Q., Y.W., L.X., Y.L., X.H., C.W., Z.Z., Y.Q., X.Z., W.Z., X.H., H.S., J.C., Z.C., Y.L., X.S.)
| | - Haocan Song
- China CDC Key Laboratory of Environment and Population Health, National Institute of Environmental Health, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing (B.W., Z.L., S.J., F.Z., Y.Q., Y.W., L.X., Y.L., X.H., C.W., Z.Z., Y.Q., X.Z., W.Z., X.H., H.S., J.C., Z.C., Y.L., X.S.)
| | - Jiayi Cai
- China CDC Key Laboratory of Environment and Population Health, National Institute of Environmental Health, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing (B.W., Z.L., S.J., F.Z., Y.Q., Y.W., L.X., Y.L., X.H., C.W., Z.Z., Y.Q., X.Z., W.Z., X.H., H.S., J.C., Z.C., Y.L., X.S.)
| | - Zhaojin Cao
- China CDC Key Laboratory of Environment and Population Health, National Institute of Environmental Health, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing (B.W., Z.L., S.J., F.Z., Y.Q., Y.W., L.X., Y.L., X.H., C.W., Z.Z., Y.Q., X.Z., W.Z., X.H., H.S., J.C., Z.C., Y.L., X.S.)
| | - John S Ji
- Vanke School of Public Health, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China (J.S.J.)
| | - Yuebin Lv
- China CDC Key Laboratory of Environment and Population Health, National Institute of Environmental Health, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing (B.W., Z.L., S.J., F.Z., Y.Q., Y.W., L.X., Y.L., X.H., C.W., Z.Z., Y.Q., X.Z., W.Z., X.H., H.S., J.C., Z.C., Y.L., X.S.)
| | - Jiayin Dai
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Environmental Health Impact Assessment of Emerging Contaminants, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, China (N.S., J.W., Y.P., J.D.)
- Center for Global Health, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, China (J.D., X.S.)
| | - Xiaoming Shi
- China CDC Key Laboratory of Environment and Population Health, National Institute of Environmental Health, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing (B.W., Z.L., S.J., F.Z., Y.Q., Y.W., L.X., Y.L., X.H., C.W., Z.Z., Y.Q., X.Z., W.Z., X.H., H.S., J.C., Z.C., Y.L., X.S.)
- Center for Global Health, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, China (J.D., X.S.)
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23
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Du C, Liu W. Defending against environmental threats: Unveiling household adaptation strategies and population heterogeneity. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2024; 190:108858. [PMID: 38954925 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2024.108858] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2024] [Revised: 06/04/2024] [Accepted: 06/27/2024] [Indexed: 07/04/2024]
Abstract
Humanity faces a variety of risks from pollution and environmental degradation. Societal advancement has equipped the public with numerous self-protection measures to mitigate these threats. However, the ways in which individuals deploy and balance self-defence mechanisms within this complex risk landscape and the resulting consequences remain largely unexplored. Drawing on a detailed survey of households' self-defence practices, this study rigorously analyses the heterogeneity and driving factors behind household-level self-defence strategies. Through exploratory latent class modelling, we identified four distinct defence patterns: inaction, water-sensitive, air-sensitive, and multifaceted. These patterns reveal varied defence capabilities among the population. By integrating frameworks from economics and social psychology, significant disparities were found in the driving factors behind these patterns. Practices aimed at combating air pollution are primarily driven by the actual severity of pollution and perceived coping capabilities, whereas measures to enhance water quality are influenced more by perceived threats. This disparity arises from variations in information availability and health awareness. The study also highlights a misalignment between the distribution of defence capabilities and the levels of pollution. Given that income restricts self-defence options, this mismatch indicates that economically disadvantaged groups are disproportionately affected by severe health inequalities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenyi Du
- School of Economics, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Wenling Liu
- School of Economics, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China; Centre for Energy and Environmental Policy Research, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China.
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24
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Rahmati S, Aboubakri O, Maleki A, Rezaee R, Soleimani S, Li G, Safari M, Ahmadiani N. Risk of cardiovascular and respiratory diseases attributed to satellite-based PM 2.5 over 2017-2022 in Sanandaj, an area of Iran. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF BIOMETEOROLOGY 2024; 68:1689-1698. [PMID: 38744707 DOI: 10.1007/s00484-024-02697-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2024] [Revised: 04/02/2024] [Accepted: 04/30/2024] [Indexed: 05/16/2024]
Abstract
The risk of cardiovascular and respiratory diseases attributed to satellite-based PM2.5 has been less investigated. In this study, the attributable risk was estimated in an area of Iran. The predicted air PM2.5 using satellite data and a two-stage regression model was used as the predictor of the diseases. The dose-response linkage between the bias-corrected predictor employing a strong statistical approach and the outcomes was evaluated using the distributed lag nonlinear model. We considered two distinct scenarios of PM2.5 for the risk estimation. Alongside the risk, the attributable risk and number were estimated for different levels of PM2.5 by age and gender categories. The cumulative influence of PM2.5 particles on respiratory illnesses was statistically significant at 13-16 µg/m3 relative to the reference value (median), mostly apparent in the middle delays. The cumulative relative risk of 90th and 95th percentiles were 2.03 (CI 95%: 1.28, 3.19) and 2.25 (CI 95%: 1.28, 3.96), respectively. Nearly 600 cases of the diseases were attributable to the non-optimum values of the pollutant during 2017-2022, of which more than 400 cases were attributed to high values range. The predictor's influence on cardiovascular illnesses was along with uncertainty, indicating that additional research into their relationship is needed. The bias-corrected PM2.5 played an essential role in the prediction of respiratory illnesses, and it may likely be employed as a trigger for a preventative strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shoboo Rahmati
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Faculty of Public Health, Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences, Sanandaj, Iran
| | - Omid Aboubakri
- Environmental Health Research Center, Research Institute for Health Development, Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences, Sanandaj, Iran.
- Health Metrics and Evaluation Research Center, Research Institute for Health Development, Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences, Sanandaj, Iran.
| | - Afshin Maleki
- Environmental Health Research Center, Research Institute for Health Development, Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences, Sanandaj, Iran
| | - Reza Rezaee
- Environmental Health Research Center, Research Institute for Health Development, Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences, Sanandaj, Iran.
| | - Samira Soleimani
- Student Research Committee, Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Public Health, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| | - Guoxing Li
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Mahdi Safari
- Environmental Health Research Center, Research Institute for Health Development, Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences, Sanandaj, Iran
| | - Nashmil Ahmadiani
- Head of Forecasting Department, Iran Meteorological Organization, Kurdistan Meteorological Bureau, Sanandaj, Iran
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25
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Brito LC, Rice SPM, Bowles NP, Butler MP, McHill AW, Emens JS, Shea SA, Thosar SS. Identifying an acceptable number of ambulatory blood pressure measurements for accuracy of average blood pressure and nocturnal dipping status. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2024; 327:H399-H405. [PMID: 38874614 DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00220.2024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2024] [Revised: 06/03/2024] [Accepted: 06/03/2024] [Indexed: 06/15/2024]
Abstract
We aimed to identify the minimum number of ambulatory blood pressure (ABP) measures to accurately determine daytime and nighttime systolic blood pressure (BP) averages and nocturnal dipping status (i.e., relative daytime:nighttime change). A total of 43 midlife participants wore an ABP monitor for 24 h with measurements every 20/30 min during the daytime/nighttime, as identified by a sleep diary. We calculated daytime/nighttime systolic BP average and dipping status from all available measurements per participant (i.e., normative data). We then calculated daytime and nighttime BP per participant based on a random selection of 8-20 and 4-10 measurements and replicated random selections 1,000 times. We calculated accuracy by checking the proportion from 1,000 different randomly selected samples for a particular number of measurements that systolic BP was ±5 mmHg of normative data, and dipping status remained unchanged for each participant compared with the normative value. The best fit for the regression model estimated the minimal number of measurements for an accuracy of 95% in BP averages. For a 95% accuracy in estimating daytime and nighttime systolic BP, 11 daytime and 8 nighttime measurements were required. The highest accuracy for dipping status was 91.6 ± 13.4% using 20 daytime and 10 nighttime measures, while the lowest was (83.4 ± 15.1%) using 8 daytime and 4 nighttime measures. In midlife adults, 11 daytime and 8 nighttime measurements are likely enough to calculate average systolic BPs accurately. However, no minimum number is suggested to accurately calculate dipping status.NEW & NOTEWORTHY We found that a minimum of 11 blood pressure (BP) measures are necessary to calculate an accurate average daytime BP, and 8 nighttime measures are necessary to calculate an accurate nighttime average if 95% accuracy is acceptable. Regarding BP dipping status, the current recommendations (20 daytime/7 nighttime) inaccurately classified the dipping status 10.5% of the time, suggesting that guidelines may need to be updated to classify patients as nocturnal dippers or nondippers correctly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leandro C Brito
- Oregon Institute of Occupational Health Sciences, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, Oregon, United States
| | - Sean P M Rice
- Oregon Institute of Occupational Health Sciences, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, Oregon, United States
- OHSU-PSU School of Public Health Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, Oregon, United States
| | - Nicole P Bowles
- Oregon Institute of Occupational Health Sciences, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, Oregon, United States
| | - Matthew P Butler
- Oregon Institute of Occupational Health Sciences, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, Oregon, United States
- Department of Behavioral Neuroscience, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, Oregon, United States
| | - Andrew W McHill
- Oregon Institute of Occupational Health Sciences, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, Oregon, United States
- School of Nursing, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, Oregon, United States
| | - Jonathan S Emens
- Oregon Institute of Occupational Health Sciences, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, Oregon, United States
- Portland Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Portland, Oregon, United States
| | - Steven A Shea
- Oregon Institute of Occupational Health Sciences, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, Oregon, United States
- OHSU-PSU School of Public Health Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, Oregon, United States
| | - Saurabh S Thosar
- Oregon Institute of Occupational Health Sciences, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, Oregon, United States
- School of Nursing, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, Oregon, United States
- OHSU-PSU School of Public Health Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, Oregon, United States
- Knight Cardiovascular Institute, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, Oregon, United States
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26
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Hui L. Quantitative evaluation of the role of aging and non-aging factors for predicting threats from major chronic diseases and developing control strategies. Heliyon 2024; 10:e34224. [PMID: 39092255 PMCID: PMC11292258 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e34224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2023] [Revised: 06/22/2024] [Accepted: 07/05/2024] [Indexed: 08/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Various indicators exist to assess the threat of chronic diseases. This paper presents new ones to evaluate the role of aging and non-aging factors for predicting threats from major chronic diseases. Age at zero mortality (AM0) and age at average mortality (AMa) can be calculated by regressing age and mortality (the intercept indicates AM0, the slope indicates the observed slope and r indicates random non-aging factors). A regression equation can be created using AMa at the age of 72 and mortality at the age of 82; thus, the expected slope can be obtained for the aging factor without considering non-aging factors. It is possible to distinguish between aging and non-aging factors using the observed and expected slopes, which should be multiplied by r to produce an index of aging (IA). The lower the AM0, AMa or IA of a disease is, the greater the threat it poses to a population. The AM0 and IA were calculated using data from China (2004 and 2019) for various diseases [cancer, heart disease (HD), cerebrovascular disease (CVD), and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)]. We found the severity of threat was highest for cancer, CVD, other chronic diseases, HD and COPD in descending order in 2019. The results suggest that changes in threats may be related to socioeconomic development. Cancer was found to be the greatest threat to younger age groups, with IA<0.5, suggesting that non-aging risk factors may play an important role in cancers. Conversely, aging may play an important role in other chronic diseases, including HD, CVD, and COPD. Compared to 2004, the AM0 of cancer showed the greatest change. In conclusions, the different indicators explain different aspects of the problem and it would be beneficial to conduct in-depth research on the theoretical basis for the association of threats of disease with socioeconomic development in order to develop prevention and control strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liu Hui
- College of Medical Laboratory, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, 116044, China
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Ge X, He J, Zheng Y, Wang Q, Cheng H, Bao Y, Lin S, Yang X. Association of Blood Metals and Metal Mixtures with the Myocardial Enzyme Profile: An Occupational Population-Based Study in China. Biol Trace Elem Res 2024:10.1007/s12011-024-04316-z. [PMID: 39069562 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-024-04316-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2024] [Accepted: 07/14/2024] [Indexed: 07/30/2024]
Abstract
To investigate a cross-sectional association between blood metal mixture and myocardial enzyme profile, we quantified creatine kinase (CK), creatine kinase-MB (CK-MB), lactate dehydrogenase (LD), α-hydroxybutyrate dehydrogenase (α-HBD), and aspartate transaminase (AST) levels among participants from the manganese-exposed workers healthy cohort (MEWHC) (n = 544). The levels of 22 metals in blood cells were determined using inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. The least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) penalized regression model was utilized for screening metals. The exposure-response relationship between specific metal and myocardial enzyme profile was identified by general linear regression and restricted cubic spline analyses. The overall effect and interactions were evaluated using Bayesian kernel machine regression (BKMR). Manganese was linearly and positively associated with CK (Poverall = 0.019, Pnon-linearity = 0.307), dominating the positive overall effect of mixture exposure (manganese, arsenic, and rubidium) on CK level. Calcium and zinc were linearly and negatively associated with LD levels (Poverall < 0.05, Pnon-linearity > 0.05), and asserted dominance in the negative overall effect of metal mixtures (rubidium, molybdenum, zinc, nickel, cobalt, calcium, and magnesium) on LD level. Interestingly, we observed a U-shaped dose-response relationship of molybdenum with LD level (Poverall < 0.001, Pnon-linearity = 0.015), an interaction between age and calcium on LD level (Pinteration = 0.041), and an interaction between smoking and molybdenum on LD level (Pinteration = 0.035). Our study provides evidence that metal mixture exposure affects the myocardial enzyme profile. Additional investigation is required to confirm these associations, and to reveal the fundamental mechanisms involved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoting Ge
- School of Medicine, Guangxi University of Science and Technology, Liuzhou, 545006, China
| | - Junxiu He
- School of Public Health, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530021, China
| | - Yuan Zheng
- School of Public Health, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530021, China
| | - Qiuyue Wang
- School of Medicine, Guangxi University of Science and Technology, Liuzhou, 545006, China
| | - Hong Cheng
- School of Public Health, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530021, China
| | - Yu Bao
- School of Public Health, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530021, China
| | - Sencai Lin
- School of Public Health, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530021, China
| | - Xiaobo Yang
- School of Public Health, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530021, China.
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Opazo Breton M, Henney M, Kersbergen I, Brennan A, Holmes J. Expanding our understanding of long-term trends in alcohol abstention and consumption in England (2001-19) using two age-period-cohort approaches. Addiction 2024. [PMID: 39036923 DOI: 10.1111/add.16599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2023] [Accepted: 05/30/2024] [Indexed: 07/23/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Alcohol consumption has decreased in England in recent decades, while alcohol-specific death rates have remained relatively stable. Age-period-cohort (APC) models offer the potential for understanding these paradoxical trends. This study aimed to use an APC model approach to measure long-term trends in alcohol abstention and consumption in England from 2001 to 2019. DESIGN, SETTING AND PARTICIPANTS The study used grouped and proxy-variable APC models of repeat cross-sectional survey data, set in England (2001-19). Participants were residents in England aged 13 years or over who took part in the Health Survey for England. MEASUREMENTS Outcome variables were alcohol abstention and consumption in units. We created nine age groups (13-15, 16-17, 18-24, 25-34, until 65-74 and 75+, reference 45-54 years), four periods (2001-04, 2005-09, 2010-14 to 2015-19, reference 2005-09) and 18 5-year birth cohorts (1915-19 to 2000-04, reference 1960-64). We proxied age effects (systolic and diastolic blood pressure), period effects (alcohol affordability, internet usage and household alcohol expenditure) and birth cohort effects (prevalence of smoking and prevalence of overweight). FINDINGS The odds of abstaining were considerably larger at young ages, 13-15 years [odds ratio (OR) = 5.38; 95% confidence interval (CI) = 4.50-6.43], were lowest during the first period, 2001-04 (OR = 0.83; 95% CI = 0.79-0.86) and had a U-shaped pattern by birth cohort. For units of alcohol, the incidence rate ratio (IRR) increased until age 18-24 years (IRR = 1.41, 95% CI = 1.34-1.48) and decreased afterwards, were highest during the first period, 2001-04 (IRR = 1.07; 95% CI = 1.05-1.08) and showed an inverted J-shape by birth cohort. Our proxy variable approach revealed that using blood pressure measures, alcohol affordability and prevalence of overweight as proxies resulted in APC effects that differed from our base-case model. However, internet usage, household expenditure on alcohol and smoking prevalence resulted in APC effects similar to our base-case model. CONCLUSIONS The discrepancy between decreasing alcohol consumption and increasing alcohol-related deaths observed in England from 2001 to 2019 may, in part, be explained by the halt in abstention trends since 2010 and a slight consumption decline since 2001.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magdalena Opazo Breton
- Unit of Mental Health and Clinical Neurosciences, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | - Madeleine Henney
- SCHARR, Sheffield Centre for Health and Related Research, Division of Population Health, School of Medicine and Population Health, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| | - Inge Kersbergen
- SCHARR, Sheffield Centre for Health and Related Research, Division of Population Health, School of Medicine and Population Health, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| | - Alan Brennan
- SCHARR, Sheffield Centre for Health and Related Research, Division of Population Health, School of Medicine and Population Health, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| | - John Holmes
- SCHARR, Sheffield Centre for Health and Related Research, Division of Population Health, School of Medicine and Population Health, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
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Liu Z, Meng H, Wang X, Lu W, Ma X, Geng Y, Su X, Pan D, Liang P. Interaction between ambient CO and temperature or relative humidity on the risk of stroke hospitalization. Sci Rep 2024; 14:16740. [PMID: 39033193 PMCID: PMC11271280 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-67568-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2023] [Accepted: 07/12/2024] [Indexed: 07/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Although the independent effects of ambient CO, temperature or humidity on stroke have been confirmed, it is still unclear where there is an interaction between these factors and who is sensitive populations for these. The stroke hospitalization and ambient CO, temperature, humidity data were collected in 22 Counties and districts of Ningxia, China in 2014-2019. The lagged effect of ambient CO, temperature or humidity were analyze by the generalized additive model; the interaction were evaluated by the bivariate response surface model and stratified analysis with relative excessive risk (RERI). High temperature and CO levels had synergistic effects on hemorrhagic stroke (RERI = 0.05, 95% CI 0.033-0.086) and ischemic stroke (RERI = 0.035, 95% CI 0.006-0.08). Low relative humidity and CO were synergistic in hemorrhagic stroke (RERI = 0.192, 95% CI 0.184-0.205) and only in ischemic stroke in the elderly group (RERI = 0.056, 95% CI 0.025-0.085). High relative humidity and CO exhibited antagonistic effects on the risk of ischemic stroke hospitalization in both male and female groups (RERI = - 0.088, 95% CI - 0.151to - 0.031; RERI = - 0.144, 95% CI - 0.216 to - 0.197). Exposure to CO increases the risk of hospitalization related to hemorrhagic and ischemic strokes. CO and temperature or humidity interact with risk of stroke hospitalization with sex and age differences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhuo Liu
- School of Public Health and Management, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, 750001, China
- Ningxia Key Laboratory of Environmental Factors and Chronic Disease Control, Yinchuan, 750000, China
| | - Hua Meng
- School of Public Health and Management, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, 750001, China
- Ningxia Key Laboratory of Environmental Factors and Chronic Disease Control, Yinchuan, 750000, China
| | - Xingtian Wang
- General hospital of Ningxia Medical University, No. 804, Shengli Street, Xingqing District, Yinchuan, 750001, Ningxia, China
| | - Wenwen Lu
- Shenzhen Futian District Chronic Disease Prevention and Treatment Hospital, 18 Xinzhou 8Th Street, Futian District, Shenzhen, 518048, China
| | - Xiaojuan Ma
- School of Public Health and Management, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, 750001, China
- Ningxia Key Laboratory of Environmental Factors and Chronic Disease Control, Yinchuan, 750000, China
| | - Yuhui Geng
- School of Public Health and Management, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, 750001, China
- Ningxia Key Laboratory of Environmental Factors and Chronic Disease Control, Yinchuan, 750000, China
| | - Xinya Su
- School of Public Health and Management, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, 750001, China
- Ningxia Key Laboratory of Environmental Factors and Chronic Disease Control, Yinchuan, 750000, China
| | - Dongfeng Pan
- Department of Emergency Medicine, People's Hospital of Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region, Yinchuan, 750000, China
| | - Peifeng Liang
- Public Health Center, People's Hospital of Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region, Ningxia Medical University, 301 Zhengyuan North Street, Yinchuan, 750000, Ningxia, China.
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Clerico A, Zaninotto M, Aimo A, Galli C, Sandri MT, Correale M, Dittadi R, Migliardi M, Fortunato A, Belloni L, Plebani M. Assessment of cardiovascular risk and physical activity: the role of cardiac-specific biomarkers in the general population and athletes. Clin Chem Lab Med 2024; 0:cclm-2024-0596. [PMID: 39016272 DOI: 10.1515/cclm-2024-0596] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2024] [Accepted: 06/11/2024] [Indexed: 07/18/2024]
Abstract
The first part of this Inter-Society Document describes the mechanisms involved in the development of cardiovascular diseases, particularly arterial hypertension, in adults and the elderly. It will also examine how consistent physical exercise during adolescence and adulthood can help maintain blood pressure levels and prevent progression to symptomatic heart failure. The discussion will include experimental and clinical evidence on the use of specific exercise programs for preventing and controlling cardiovascular diseases in adults and the elderly. In the second part, the clinical relevance of cardiac-specific biomarkers in assessing cardiovascular risk in the general adult population will be examined, with a focus on individuals engaged in sports activities. This section will review recent studies that suggest a significant role of biomarkers in assessing cardiovascular risk, particularly the presence of cardiac damage, in athletes who participate in high-intensity sports. Finally, the document will discuss the potential of using cardiac-specific biomarkers to monitor the effectiveness of personalized physical activity programs (Adapted Physical Activity, APA). These programs are prescribed for specific situations, such as chronic diseases or physical disabilities, including cardiovascular diseases. The purposes of this Inter-Society Document are the following: 1) to discuss the close pathophysiological relationship between physical activity levels (ranging from sedentary behavior to competitive sports), age categories (from adolescence to elderly age), and the development of cardiovascular diseases; 2) to review in detail the experimental and clinical evidences supporting the role of cardiac biomarkers in identifying athletes and individuals of general population at higher cardiovascular risk; 3) to stimulate scientific societies and organizations to develop specific multicenter studies that may take into account the role of cardiac biomarkers in subjects who follow specific exercise programs in order to monitor their cardiovascular risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aldo Clerico
- Coordinator of the Study Group on Cardiac Biomarkers of the Italian Societies SIBioC and ELAS, Pisa, Italy
| | | | - Alberto Aimo
- Fondazione CNR - Regione Toscana G. Monasterio, Pisa, Italy
| | | | | | - Mario Correale
- UOC Medical Pathology, IRCCS De Bellis, Castellana Grotte, Bari, Italy
| | | | - Marco Migliardi
- Primario Emerito S.C. Laboratorio Analisi Chimico-Cliniche e Microbiologia, Ospedale Umberto I, A.O. Ordine Mauriziano di Torino, Turin, Italy
| | | | - Lucia Belloni
- Dipartimento di Diagnostica - per Immagini e Medicina di Laboratorio, Laboratorio Autoimmunità, Allergologia e Biotecnologie Innovative, Azienda USL-IRCCS di Reggio Emilia, Emilia-Romagna, Italy
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Navaneethabalakrishnan S, Goodlett B, Smith H, Cardenas A, Burns A, Mitchell B. Differential changes in end organ immune cells and inflammation in salt-sensitive hypertension: effects of lowering blood pressure. Clin Sci (Lond) 2024; 138:901-920. [PMID: 38949825 PMCID: PMC11250109 DOI: 10.1042/cs20240698] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2024] [Revised: 06/17/2024] [Accepted: 07/01/2024] [Indexed: 07/02/2024]
Abstract
We reported that salt-sensitive hypertension (SSHTN) is associated with increased pro-inflammatory immune cells, inflammation, and inflammation-associated lymphangiogenesis in the kidneys and gonads of male and female mice. However, it is unknown whether these adverse end organ effects result from increased blood pressure (BP), elevated levels of salt, or both. We hypothesized that pharmaceutically lowering BP would not fully alleviate the renal and gonadal immune cell accumulation, inflammation, and lymphangiogenesis associated with SSHTN. SSHTN was induced in male and female C57BL6/J mice by administering nitro-L-arginine methyl ester hydrochloride (L-NAME; 0.5 mg/ml) in their drinking water for 2 weeks, followed by a 2-week washout period. Subsequently, the mice received a 3-week 4% high salt diet (SSHTN). The treatment group underwent the same SSHTN induction protocol but received hydralazine (HYD; 250 mg/L) in their drinking water during the diet phase (SSHTN+HYD). Control mice received tap water and a standard diet for 7 weeks. In addition to decreasing systolic BP, HYD treatment generally decreased pro-inflammatory immune cells and inflammation in the kidneys and gonads of SSHTN mice. Furthermore, the decrease in BP partially alleviated elevated renal and gonadal lymphatics and improved renal and gonadal function in mice with SSHTN. These data demonstrate that high systemic pressure and salt differentially act on end organ immune cells, contributing to the broader understanding of how BP and salt intake collectively shape immune responses and highlight implications for targeted therapeutic interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Bethany L. Goodlett
- Department of Medical Physiology, Texas A&M University College of Medicine, Bryan, TX, U.S.A
| | - Hannah L. Smith
- Department of Medical Physiology, Texas A&M University College of Medicine, Bryan, TX, U.S.A
| | - Alyssa Cardenas
- Department of Medical Physiology, Texas A&M University College of Medicine, Bryan, TX, U.S.A
| | - Asia Burns
- Department of Medical Physiology, Texas A&M University College of Medicine, Bryan, TX, U.S.A
| | - Brett M. Mitchell
- Department of Medical Physiology, Texas A&M University College of Medicine, Bryan, TX, U.S.A
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Navaneethabalakrishnan S, Goodlett B, Smith H, Montalvo R, Cardenas A, Mitchell B. Differential changes in end organ immune cells and inflammation in salt-sensitive hypertension: effects of increasing M2 macrophages. Clin Sci (Lond) 2024; 138:921-940. [PMID: 38949840 PMCID: PMC11250104 DOI: 10.1042/cs20240699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2024] [Revised: 06/18/2024] [Accepted: 07/01/2024] [Indexed: 07/02/2024]
Abstract
Salt-sensitive hypertension (SSHTN) is associated with M1 macrophage polarization and inflammatory responses, leading to inflammation-associated lymphangiogenesis and functional impairment across multiple organs, including kidneys and gonads. However, it remains unclear whether promoting M2 macrophage polarization can alleviate the hypertension, inflammation, and end organ damage in mice with salt sensitive hypertension (SSHTN). Male and female mice were made hypertensive by administering nitro-L-arginine methyl ester hydrochloride (L-NAME; 0.5 mg/ml) for 2 weeks in the drinking water, followed by a 2-week interval without any treatments, and a subsequent high salt diet for 3 weeks (SSHTN). AVE0991 (AVE) was intraperitoneally administered concurrently with the high salt diet. Control mice were provided standard diet and tap water. AVE treatment significantly attenuated BP and inflammation in mice with SSHTN. Notably, AVE promoted M2 macrophage polarization, decreased pro-inflammatory immune cell populations, and improved function in renal and gonadal tissues of mice with SSHTN. Additionally, AVE decreased lymphangiogenesis in the kidneys and testes of male SSHTN mice and the ovaries of female SSHTN mice. These findings highlight the effectiveness of AVE in mitigating SSHTN-induced elevated BP, inflammation, and end organ damage by promoting M2 macrophage polarization and suppressing pro-inflammatory immune responses. Targeting macrophage polarization emerges as a promising therapeutic approach for alleviating inflammation and organ damage in SSHTN. Further studies are warranted to elucidate the precise mechanisms underlying AVE-mediated effects and to assess its clinical potential in managing SSHTN.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Bethany L. Goodlett
- Department of Medical Physiology, Texas A&M University College of Medicine, Bryan, TX, U.S.A
| | - Hannah L. Smith
- Department of Medical Physiology, Texas A&M University College of Medicine, Bryan, TX, U.S.A
| | - Robert A. Montalvo
- Department of Medical Physiology, Texas A&M University College of Medicine, Bryan, TX, U.S.A
| | - Alyssa Cardenas
- Department of Medical Physiology, Texas A&M University College of Medicine, Bryan, TX, U.S.A
| | - Brett M. Mitchell
- Department of Medical Physiology, Texas A&M University College of Medicine, Bryan, TX, U.S.A
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Ngepah R, Saba CS. Parental health risk preferences, socio-economic status and offspring's alcohol behavior in South Africa. Heliyon 2024; 10:e33517. [PMID: 39040230 PMCID: PMC11261783 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e33517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2023] [Revised: 05/18/2024] [Accepted: 06/23/2024] [Indexed: 07/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Alcohol consumption represents a widespread behavior with detrimental effects on both individuals and society. Understanding the factors influencing offspring alcohol consumption is crucial for identifying potential risk factors and informing prevention and intervention strategies. Existing empirical literature underscores the intricate interplay of biological, environmental, and social factors in shaping offspring alcohol consumption. Building upon this foundation, this study investigates the determinants of health risk preferences, such as alcohol consumption, among South African offspring, utilizing a dataset comprising the 2008, 2010, 2012, and 2014 waves of the National Income Dynamic Study (NIDS). Logistic regressions are employed to model the determinants of offspring alcohol consumption, while ordered logits are utilized to assess the impact of parental drinking on offspring drinking frequency. The findings indicate that parental drinking significantly influences offspring alcohol intake. Specifically, daughters' alcohol consumption is influenced solely by maternal drinking, whereas sons are affected by both parents' alcohol consumption. Furthermore, while daughters from currently disadvantaged backgrounds may exhibit higher tendencies towards alcohol consumption, those with mothers from such backgrounds and fathers from more affluent backgrounds are less likely to engage in such behavior. Additionally, the results suggest that male offspring from higher-income brackets are less likely to consume alcohol, yet sons of wealthy fathers are more likely to adopt such lifestyles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruth Ngepah
- Department of Economics, Private Bag X20 Hatfield 0028, University of Pretoria, South Africa
| | - Charles Shaaba Saba
- School of Economics, College of Business and Economics, University of Johannesburg, Auckland Park Kingsway Campus, PO Box 524 Auckland Park, Johannesburg, South Africa
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Shen YX, Lee PS, Wang CC, Teng MC, Huang JH, Fan HF. Exploring the Cellular Impact of Size-Segregated Cigarette Aerosols: Insights into Indoor Particulate Matter Toxicity and Potential Therapeutic Interventions. Chem Res Toxicol 2024; 37:1171-1186. [PMID: 38870402 PMCID: PMC11256904 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrestox.4c00114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2024] [Revised: 05/30/2024] [Accepted: 06/03/2024] [Indexed: 06/15/2024]
Abstract
Exposure to anthropogenic aerosols has been associated with a variety of adverse health effects, increased morbidity, and premature death. Although cigarette smoke poses one of the most significant public health threats, the cellular toxicity of particulate matter contained in cigarette smoke has not been systematically interrogated in a size-segregated manner. In this study, we employed a refined particle size classification to collect cigarette aerosols, enabling a comprehensive assessment and comparison of the impacts exerted by cigarette aerosol extract (CAE) on SH-SY5Y, HEK293T, and A549 cells. Exposure to CAE reduced cell viability in a dose-dependent manner, with organic components having a greater impact and SH-SY5Y cells displaying lower tolerance compared to HEK293T and A549 cells. Moreover, CAE was found to cause increased oxidative stress, mitochondrial dysfunction, and increased levels of apoptosis, pyroptosis, and autophagy, leading to increased cell death. Furthermore, we found that rutin, a phytocompound with antioxidant potential, could reduce intracellular reactive oxygen species and protect against CAE-triggered cell death. These findings underscore the therapeutic potential of antioxidant drugs in mitigating the adverse effects of cigarette aerosol exposure for better public health outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Xin Shen
- Institute
of Medical Science and Technology, National
Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung 804, Taiwan
- Department
of Chemistry, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung 804, Taiwan
- Aerosol
Science Research Center, National Sun Yat-sen
University, Kaohsiung 804, Taiwan
| | - Pe-Shuen Lee
- Institute
of Medical Science and Technology, National
Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung 804, Taiwan
- Department
of Chemistry, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung 804, Taiwan
- Aerosol
Science Research Center, National Sun Yat-sen
University, Kaohsiung 804, Taiwan
| | - Chia C. Wang
- Department
of Chemistry, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung 804, Taiwan
- Aerosol
Science Research Center, National Sun Yat-sen
University, Kaohsiung 804, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Chu Teng
- Institute
of Medical Science and Technology, National
Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung 804, Taiwan
- Department
of Chemistry, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung 804, Taiwan
- Aerosol
Science Research Center, National Sun Yat-sen
University, Kaohsiung 804, Taiwan
| | - Jhih-Hong Huang
- Department
of Chemistry, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung 804, Taiwan
- Aerosol
Science Research Center, National Sun Yat-sen
University, Kaohsiung 804, Taiwan
| | - Hsiu-Fang Fan
- Institute
of Medical Science and Technology, National
Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung 804, Taiwan
- Department
of Chemistry, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung 804, Taiwan
- Aerosol
Science Research Center, National Sun Yat-sen
University, Kaohsiung 804, Taiwan
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Forootani B, Sasanfar B, Salehi-Abargouei A, Mirzaei M. The association between plant and animal protein intake with depression, anxiety, and stress. Nutr Neurosci 2024:1-14. [PMID: 38980695 DOI: 10.1080/1028415x.2024.2372194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/10/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Recent evidence suggests that diet composition is a key biological factor related to the development of depressive disorders. The present study was conducted to investigate the animal and plant protein intake and their replacement in association with depression, anxiety, and stress in Iranian adults. METHOD In this cross-sectional study, the dietary intake of 7169 subjects were assessed using a validated food frequency questionnaire. The depression, anxiety, and stress Scale - 21 (DASS-21) questionnaire was used to psychological disorders. Logistic regression was used to obtain odds ratios for depression, anxiety, and stress across quintiles of animal and plant protein. RESULTS The participants' age range was 20-69 years. Individuals with the highest animal protein consumption had a lower chance for developing depression compared to those with the lowest intakes (OR = 0.73, 95%CI: 0.59-0.90; Ptrend < 0.01). Results also showed a significant association between animal protein intake and anxiety, such that subjects in the highest quintile of animal protein intake had 24% lower odds for anxiety compared to those in the lowest quintile (p < 0.05). We found a significant association between highest quintiles of animal protein intake and a 40% lower risk for stress among female individuals (Ptrend = 0.05). The multivariable-adjusted non-linear analyses also revealed that the replacement of plant protein with animal protein was significantly associated with the likelihood of depression and anxiety (P < 0.05). CONCLUSION Animal protein intake might lower the odds of depression and anxiety particularly. Future prospective investigations are proposed to confirm these findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bita Forootani
- Research Center for Food Hygiene and Safety, School of Public Health, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran
- Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran
- Student Research Committee, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran
| | - Bahareh Sasanfar
- Research Center for Food Hygiene and Safety, School of Public Health, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran
- Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran
- Student Research Committee, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran
| | - Amin Salehi-Abargouei
- Research Center for Food Hygiene and Safety, School of Public Health, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran
- Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran
- Yazd Cardiovascular Research Center, Non-communicable Diseases Research Institute, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran
| | - Masoud Mirzaei
- Yazd Cardiovascular Research Center, Non-communicable Diseases Research Institute, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran
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Yang LZ, Yang Y, Hong C, Wu QZ, Shi XJ, Liu YL, Chen GZ. Systematic Mendelian Randomization Exploring Druggable Genes for Hemorrhagic Strokes. Mol Neurobiol 2024:10.1007/s12035-024-04336-9. [PMID: 38977622 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-024-04336-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2023] [Accepted: 06/26/2024] [Indexed: 07/10/2024]
Abstract
Patients with hemorrhagic stroke have high rates of morbidity and mortality, and drugs for prevention are very limited. Mendelian randomization (MR) analysis can increase the success rate of drug development by providing genetic evidence. Previous MR analyses only analyzed the role of individual drug target genes in hemorrhagic stroke; therefore, we used MR analysis to systematically explore the druggable genes for hemorrhagic stroke. We sequentially performed summary-data-based MR analysis and two-sample MR analysis to assess the associations of all genes within the database with intracranial aneurysm, intracerebral hemorrhage, and their subtypes. Validated genes were further analyzed by colocalization. Only genes that were positive in all three analyses and were druggable were considered desirable genes. We also explored the mediators of genes affecting hemorrhagic stroke incidence. Finally, the associations of druggable genes with other cardiovascular diseases were analyzed to assess potential side effects. We identified 56 genes that significantly affected hemorrhagic stroke incidence. Moreover, TNFSF12, SLC22A4, SPARC, KL, RELT, and ADORA3 were found to be druggable. The inhibition of TNFSF12, SLC22A4, and SPARC can reduce the risk of intracranial aneurysm, subarachnoid hemorrhage, and intracerebral hemorrhage. Gene-induced hypertension may be a potential mechanism by which these genes cause hemorrhagic stroke. We also found that blocking these genes may cause side effects, such as ischemic stroke and its subtypes. Our study revealed that six druggable genes were associated with hemorrhagic stroke, and the inhibition of TNFSF12, SLC22A4, and SPARC had preventive effects against hemorrhagic strokes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lun-Zhe Yang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital (Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences), Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yong Yang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital (Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences), Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Chuan Hong
- Department of Neurosurgery, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital (Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences), Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qi-Zhe Wu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital (Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences), Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiong-Jie Shi
- Department of Neurosurgery, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital (Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences), Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yi-Lin Liu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Guangdong Cardiovascular Institute, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Guang-Zhong Chen
- Department of Neurosurgery, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital (Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences), Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China.
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Kim DH, Park GY, Kim D, Suh HS, Oh JE. Nationwide assessment of illicit drug consumption patterns in South Korea using wastewater-based epidemiology during the COVID-19 pandemic (2020-2022). JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2024; 476:135090. [PMID: 39024765 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2024.135090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2024] [Revised: 06/26/2024] [Accepted: 07/01/2024] [Indexed: 07/20/2024]
Abstract
Illicit drugs have become a crucial global social issue, with South Korea experiencing a continuous increase in the number of offenders and drug smuggling. This study employed wastewater-based epidemiology to investigate consumption patterns of 8 illicit drugs and their 7 metabolites during the COVID-19 pandemic (2020-2022) in South Korea. Ten compouds were detected in the wastewater influent. Methamphetamine (METH) was prevalent in samples, followed by amphetamine and ecstasy (MDMA). Interestingly, MDMA and ketamine (KET), which were not detected in previous Korean studies conducted before COVID-19 pandemic, were detected in this study. METH exhibited the highest consumption rates, decreasing from 16.6 to 12.4 mg/day/1000 people between 2020 and 2022, while MDMA increased over the three years (mean: 1.16, 1.24, and 1.62 mg/day/1000 people in 2020, 2021, and 2022, respectively) (p < 0.05). Significant correlations were identified between regional income levels and the consumption rates of METH (p < 0.01), MDMA (p < 0.01), and KET (p < 0.05). Furthermore, METH and MDMA consumption rates in cities were positively correlated with the number of drug offenders arrested and local clubs in those cities. The findings of this study provide valuable insights into shaping regulatory policies related to illicit drugs and future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Da-Hye Kim
- Institute for Environment and Energy, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Republic of Korea
| | - Ga-Young Park
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Republic of Korea
| | - Donghyun Kim
- Department of Urban Planning and Engineering, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Republic of Korea
| | - Hae Sun Suh
- College of Pharmacy, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeong-Eun Oh
- Institute for Environment and Energy, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Republic of Korea; Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Republic of Korea.
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Lee S, Cheong HK, Park S, Park SY, Oh IH. Differences in Physical Activity Levels by Sociodemographic and Health Risk Factors Among Persons With Disabilities in South Korea. Asia Pac J Public Health 2024; 36:478-485. [PMID: 38803297 DOI: 10.1177/10105395241256158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2024]
Abstract
The World Health Organization (WHO) recommends physical activity for more than 150 minutes a week to improve health and reduce disease burden; however, previous studies have shown a lack of participation among persons with disabilities. Logistic regression analysis was performed on National Health Insurance Service data to analyze the relationship between physical activity levels by disability type and socioeconomic factors. The results showed that women with disabilities exercised 0.663 times compared to men with disabilities and individuals with severe disabilities exercised 0.719 times compared to those with mild disabilities. Those from the highest income level households (adjusted odds ratio [AOR] = 1.442) and the re-employed (AOR = 1.119) exercised adequately. Thus, physical activity levels and socioeconomic factors are related in persons with disabilities. Exercise policies and programs are required to support persons with disabilities by income level.
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Affiliation(s)
- SeungCheor Lee
- Department of Preventive Medicine, School of Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Hyeon-Kyoung Cheong
- Department of Preventive Medicine, School of Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Saengryeol Park
- Department of Physical Education, College of Education, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, South Korea
| | - So-Youn Park
- Disability Health Research Center, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - In-Hwan Oh
- Department of Preventive Medicine, School of Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, South Korea
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Bukten A, Virtanen S, Hesse M, Thylstrup B, Kvamme TL, Seid AK, Chang Z, Skjærvø I, Tverborgvik T, Stavseth MR. The prevalence of substance use disorders among people in Norwegian, Danish and Swedish prisons: A multi-national cohort study, 2010-19. Addiction 2024; 119:1264-1275. [PMID: 38529890 DOI: 10.1111/add.16477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2023] [Accepted: 02/18/2024] [Indexed: 03/27/2024]
Abstract
AIMS We estimated the prevalence of substance use disorders (SUDs) in the Norwegian, Danish and Swedish prison populations and compared the prevalence of SUDs in the national prison populations with country-specific general population prevalence rates. DESIGN A multi-national cohort study using data from the National Prison Registries linked to the National Patient Registries in Norway, Denmark and Sweden. SETTING AND PARTICIPANTS We used data from the PriSUD-Nordic study, including national prison populations aged 19 years and older in Norway (2010-19), Denmark (2010-18) and Sweden (2010-13). A total of 119 507 Individuals (108 971 men and 10 536 women) contributing to 191 549 incarcerations were included in the study (Norway: 45432 men; 5429 women, Denmark: 42 162 men; 3370 women, Sweden: 21 377 men; 1737 women). MEASUREMENT We calculated a study prevalence and prevalence at entry to prison for all types of SUDs before imprisonment each consecutive year of observation in each prison population. We also extracted country-specific 1-year prevalence rates from the Global Burden of Diseases database to calculate comparative national prevalence ratios. FINDINGS The study prevalence of any SUD was approximately 40% [Norway: 44.0%, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 43.6-44.5%; Denmark: 39.9%, CI = 39.5-40.4%; Sweden: 39.1%, CI = 38.4-39.7%] in all three countries. Women had a significantly higher study prevalence of any SUD compared with men (Norway: 55.8 versus 42.6%, P < 0.001; Denmark 43.1 versus 39.7%, P = 0.004; Sweden: 51.7 versus 38.0%, P < 0.001). Prevalence estimates were higher for SUDs among people in prison than in the general population. We observed an increasing proportion of people with SUDs entering prison in Norway (P = 0.003), while the proportion was more stable in Denmark and Sweden. CONCLUSIONS Substance use disorders (SUDs) appear to be highly prevalent among the Scandinavian prison populations compared with the general population, especially among women. In Norway, there was a relative increase in SUDs from 2010 to 2019.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne Bukten
- Norwegian Centre for Addiction Research, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital, Norway
| | - Suvi Virtanen
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Morten Hesse
- Centre for Alcohol and Drug Research, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Birgitte Thylstrup
- Centre for Alcohol and Drug Research, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | | | - Abdu Kedir Seid
- Centre for Alcohol and Drug Research, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Zheng Chang
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Ingeborg Skjærvø
- Norwegian Centre for Addiction Research, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital, Norway
| | - Torill Tverborgvik
- Norwegian Centre for Addiction Research, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Marianne R Stavseth
- Norwegian Centre for Addiction Research, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital, Norway
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Keyal S, Vasant PK, Kulirankal KG. Association of Mean Platelet Volume with Grades of Hypertensive Retinopathy. Ann Afr Med 2024; 23:488-493. [PMID: 39034577 DOI: 10.4103/aam.aam_130_23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2023] [Accepted: 09/01/2023] [Indexed: 07/23/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Hypertension is the most prevalent non communicable disease causing deaths even before evidence of target organ damage. Platelet activation is associated with risk of vascular events. Identification of mean platelet volume (MPV) values in patients with hypertensive retinopathy (HR) can help in prognostication and risk stratification of possible complications. MATERIALS AND METHODS Patients presenting to the outpatient department over a period of 18 months underwent clinical examination, blood sampling, direct ophthalmoscopic examination, and two-dimensional echocardiography. RESULTS Out of 104 subjects, there were a total of 25 females and 79 males. Patients with grade 1HR had a mean MPV value of 9.4, those with grade 2 HR had a mean MPV of 9.8, among people with grade 3 HR the mean MPV was 10.1, and those with grade 4 HR had a mean MPV of 10.9. CONCLUSION In our study, we have seen that MPV increases with increasing severity of HR, thus implying that MPV probably plays a role in HR. Testing of MPV can be used to decide whether preventative treatments should be instituted to the prevent the severe complications of retinopathy and thus decrease the risk and occurrence of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular events.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shruti Keyal
- Department of Gastroenterology, Amrita Institute of Medical Science, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, Kochi, Kerala, India
| | - P K Vasant
- Department of General Medicine, Amrita Institute of Medical Science, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, Kochi, Kerala, India
| | - Kiran G Kulirankal
- Department of General Medicine, Amrita Institute of Medical Science, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, Kochi, Kerala, India
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Wang S, Yang Z, Tian L, Sha F, Tang J, Yang Z. Remission to normal blood pressure in older adults with hypertension who did not receive antihypertensive medication: analysis of data from two longitudinal cohorts. EClinicalMedicine 2024; 73:102678. [PMID: 39050585 PMCID: PMC11267020 DOI: 10.1016/j.eclinm.2024.102678] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2024] [Revised: 05/21/2024] [Accepted: 05/21/2024] [Indexed: 07/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Background How often hypertensive patients could achieve remission to normal blood pressure (BP) (i.e., <140/90 mmHg) in the absence of antihypertensive drugs, which is important for the management of hypertension, remains largely unknown. This observational study aimed to investigate the change of BP in older adults with hypertension who did not take antihypertensive drugs and preliminarily examine whether the remission from hypertension to normal BP observed in this setting was associated with lower risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD). Methods 2760 participants aged 33-99 years (median 60 years, interquartile 54-68 years) from the Health and Retirement Study (wave 2006 to wave 2018) and the English Longitudinal Study of Ageing (wave 1998 to wave 2016), who had no major CVD, were hypertensive, and were not on antihypertensive drugs at the time of baseline BP measurement, and had at least one follow-up BP measurement before which no antihypertensive drugs were taken, were included for analysis. The main outcome was the proportion of patients who achieved remission of hypertension at the last wave of measurement. Findings During a median follow-up of six years, 52% of the participants showed a reduction of ≥6 mmHg in systolic BP and 60% a reduction of ≥3 mmHg in diastolic BP. 1171 participants (42%, 95% CI: 41-44%) achieved remission at the last measurement, and by that time 67%, 43%, and 29% of them had maintained the normotensive state for around 4, 8, and 12 years, respectively. Various supplementary analyses that aimed to examine the impact of chance and bias yielded similar results. Preliminary analyses showed that being non-smokers at baseline, achieving a normal body mass index during follow-up, and quitting alcohol drinking during follow-up, among others, were associated with the remission of hypertension. Compared with the participants who remained hypertensive, those who achieved remission had a lower CVD risk (adjusted hazard ratio 0.66, 95% CI: 0.47-0.92). Interpretation In many of this study population, hypertension could be reversed without the intervention of drug treatment in the first few years after diagnosis. This finding may have implications for more individualized management of hypertension. Further studies to identify the factors or algorithms predictive of such hypertension remission are warranted. Funding The Chinese University of Hong Kong (7106452; 7105959),Shenzhen Science and Technology Program (KQTD20190929172835662), Strategic Priority Research Program of Chinese Academy of Sciences (XDB 38040200), National Institute on Aging (R01AG017644; NIA U01AG009740).
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuting Wang
- JC School of Public Health and Primary Care, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
| | - Zhirong Yang
- Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
- Primary Care Unit, School of Clinical Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Longben Tian
- JC School of Public Health and Primary Care, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
- School of Nursing, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
| | - Feng Sha
- Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Jinling Tang
- JC School of Public Health and Primary Care, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
- Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Zuyao Yang
- JC School of Public Health and Primary Care, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
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Lin W, Alfheeaid HA, Alasqah I, Alqarawi N, Alotaibi SA, Alribdi FF, Almutairi S, Lima MJ, Teixeira-Lemos E, Raposo A. Dietary Patterns among Smokers and Non-Smokers: Findings from the National Health and Nutritional Examination Survey (NHANES) 2017-2018. Nutrients 2024; 16:2035. [PMID: 38999783 PMCID: PMC11243715 DOI: 10.3390/nu16132035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2024] [Revised: 06/24/2024] [Accepted: 06/25/2024] [Indexed: 07/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Diet behavior and nutrition are critical for maintaining health and improving quality of life. Cigarette smoking remains the leading cause of preventable death in the United States. Poor dietary choices, such as excessively frequenting restaurants, consuming ready-to-eat foods from grocery stores, and ingesting ultra-processed foods (like frozen meals and pizzas), can adversely impact health. Despite this, research comparing dietary behaviors between smokers and non-smokers is limited. Using data from the National Health and Nutritional Examination Survey 2017-2018, we analyzed diet behavior based on smoking status. Our findings reveal that smokers had a significant increase (90%) in the frequency of consuming frozen meals/pizzas in the past 30 days compared to non-smokers (coefficient: 1.9; 95% CI: 1.4, 2.6; p-value < 0.001). Additionally, over 70% of participants, regardless of their smoking status, were unaware of MyPlate, a nutritional guide created by the United States Department of Agriculture (USDA) to encourage Americans to make healthier food choices. There is an urgent need to increase public awareness of MyPlate and promote a better understanding of healthy dietary behaviors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenxue Lin
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, College of Public Health, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA 19122, USA
| | - Hani A. Alfheeaid
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, College of Agriculture and Food, Qassim University, Buraydah 51452, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Ibrahim Alasqah
- Department of Community, Psychiatric and Mental Health Nursing, College of Nursing, Qassim University, Buraydah 51452, Saudi Arabia; (I.A.); (N.A.)
- School of Health, University of New England, Armidale, NSW 2351, Australia
| | - Nada Alqarawi
- Department of Community, Psychiatric and Mental Health Nursing, College of Nursing, Qassim University, Buraydah 51452, Saudi Arabia; (I.A.); (N.A.)
| | - Saad Abdullah Alotaibi
- Department of Public Health, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Qassim University, Buraydah 51452, Saudi Arabia;
| | | | - Sulaiman Almutairi
- Department of Health Informatics, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Qassim University, Buraydah 51452, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Maria João Lima
- CERNAS Research Centre, Polytechnic University of Viseu, 3504-510 Viseu, Portugal; (M.J.L.); (E.T.-L.)
| | - Edite Teixeira-Lemos
- CERNAS Research Centre, Polytechnic University of Viseu, 3504-510 Viseu, Portugal; (M.J.L.); (E.T.-L.)
| | - António Raposo
- CBIOS (Research Center for Biosciences and Health Technologies), Universidade Lusófona de Humanidades e Tecnologias, Campo Grande 376, 1749-024 Lisboa, Portugal
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Ozdemir E, Stavileci B, Ozdemir B, Aksoy FA, Colakoglu Gevher CZ, Dogan A, Ziyrek M. Could soluble ST2 levels be used to detect nondipper hypertensive subgroup in newly diagnosed hypertension patients. Blood Press Monit 2024:00126097-990000000-00115. [PMID: 38958500 DOI: 10.1097/mbp.0000000000000714] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/04/2024]
Abstract
AIM ST2 receptor is a member of toll-like/interleukin-1 receptor family. After the activation of IL-33/ST2 signaling pathway clinically detectable amount of soluble form of ST2 (sST2) is released into the circulation. Previous studies showed that sST2 levels were significantly higher in hypertension patients than in controls. In this prospective study, we aimed to analyze this relation and test the predictive accuracy of the sST2 level in diagnosis of nondipping hypertension in newly diagnosed hypertension patients. METHODS Three hundred thirty-seven patients (150 normal, 187 hypertension) who presented with symptoms of hypertension were included in the study. All patients underwent 24-h ambulatory blood pressure monitoring and sST2 measurement. RESULTS Of 187 hypertension patients, 92 of them had nondipping and 95 of them had dipping pattern. sST2 level was significantly higher in nondipping group compared to dipping group and control group (40.79 ± 7.77 vs. 32.47 ± 6.68; P < 0.0001 and 40.79 ± 7.77 vs. 20.09 ± 7.09; P < 0.0001 respectively). Binary logistic regression analysis revealed that; only sST2 level was an independent risk factor for hypertension [P < 0.0001, β: 1.258, odds ratio (OR) (95% confidence interval (CI)): 1.158-1.366]. and also nondipping hypertension [P < 0.0001, β: 1.208, OR (95% CI): 1.108-1.317]. CONCLUSION Based on the present study it could be concluded that sST2 level is significantly associated with the newly diagnosed hypertension and nondipping hypertension. Hence it could reliably be used to diagnose hypertension and nondipping hypertension with high sensitivity and specificity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emrah Ozdemir
- Department of Cardiology, Biruni University Faculty of Medicine
| | - Berna Stavileci
- Department of Cardiology, Biruni University Faculty of Medicine
| | - Bahar Ozdemir
- Department of Internal Medicine, Dr. Sadi Konuk Training and Research Hospital
| | | | | | - Ali Dogan
- Department of Cardiology, Yeni Yuzyil University Faculty of Medicine
| | - Murat Ziyrek
- Department of Cardiology, Bagcilar Training and Research Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey
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Sari F, Sari S. Cross-cultural adaptation, reliability, and validity of the Turkish version of the Exercise Therapy Burden Questionnaire for individuals with chronic diseases. Reumatismo 2024; 76. [PMID: 38916165 DOI: 10.4081/reumatismo.2024.1684] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2023] [Accepted: 03/24/2024] [Indexed: 06/26/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Chronic diseases, which caused 36 million deaths in 2008, are the most common cause of death worldwide. Exercise is one of the non-pharmacological treatment methods. Although exercise benefits are well known, more than half of the population does not exercise due to the burden of exercise. The objectives of the current study were to evaluate the Turkish version of the Exercise Therapy Burden Questionnaire (ETBQ-T) and to investigate its reliability and validity. METHODS A total of 100 participants (female: 69, male: 31) who were diagnosed with at least one chronic disease participated in the translation validity and reliability analysis of the study. Cross-cultural adaptation of the ETBQ-T was performed according to Beaton's guidelines. The ETBQ-T, the European Quality of Life 5 Dimensions (EQ-5D), pain, satisfaction, and self-efficacy were applied for convergent validity. The ETBQ-T was retested to examine its reliability after 7 days. RESULTS The internal consistency and reliability were excellent (intraclass correlation coefficient=0.959; Cronbach's α=0.919). The standard error of measurement was reported as 5.35. The minimum detectable difference was also demonstrated at 1.35. The ETBQ-T had a good correlation with pain (r=0.545, p<0.001), satisfaction (r=-501, p<0.001), and self-efficacy (r=-0.579, p<0.001). However, the correlation of the ETBQ-T with EQ-5D (r=0.340, p=0.001) was weak. A factor was extracted, accounting for 58.289% of the total variation. There were no floor or ceiling effects. CONCLUSIONS The ETBQ-T is a reliable and valid tool to evaluate the exercise burden in the Turkish population with chronic disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Sari
- Department of Physiotherapy and Rehabilitation, Faculty of Physical Therapy and Rehabilitation, Bingöl University.
| | - S Sari
- Department of Internal Medicine, Sanliurfa Training and Research Hospital, Sanliurfa.
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Roth B, Ohlsson B. Challenges of recruitment processes to a randomized dietary trial in irritable bowel syndrome. F1000Res 2024; 13:323. [PMID: 38939366 PMCID: PMC11208853 DOI: 10.12688/f1000research.147710.2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/18/2024] [Indexed: 06/29/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is common with a global prevalence of 4%. Dietary regimes with a low content of fermentable oligo-, di-, and monosaccharides and polyol (FODMAP) or a starch- and sucrose-reduced diet (SSRD) have proven to be efficient. The aim of the present study was to describe the recruitment process for a randomized dietary trial with low FODMAP or SSRD for 4 weeks with a follow-up period of 5 months. The results of the dietary trial itself are not included in this paper but will be presented in another publication. Methods The County of Skåne, with 1,41 million inhabitants, was used as a base to perform a dietary trial in which IBS patients, age 18-70 years, were randomized to either low FODMAP or SSRD for 4 weeks. The estimated number of IBS patients in the actual age span was approximately 32,000. The trial was announced through lectures, letters to all primary healthcare centers (n=203), social media (two campaigns), and invitations to IBS patients identified in medical records (n=744). Results Three referrals arrived from the healthcare system, 17 patients contacted the investigators in person after receiving information from their healthcare center, and four patients contacted the investigators after recommendations from friends. Of these, 14 were enrolled in the study. From social media, 218 names were delivered, of which 93 fulfilled the study criteria and were willing to participate when contacted by the investigators (42.7%). Of the 3587 identified IBS patients in medical records in close proximity to the hospital, 744 were randomly contacted. Forty-eight patients (6.5 %) were willing to be included in the study. Thus, 155 patients with IBS were included in this study. Conclusions The inclusion rate for dietary intervention was very low considering the large population informed about the study. Announcements on social media seem to be the best way to recruit patients for intervention. Trial registration NCT05192603, 29/11/2021, ClinicalTrials.gov. The PRS URL is https://register.clinicaltrials.gov.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bodil Roth
- Department of Internal Medicine, Skåne University Hospital, Malmö, 20502, Sweden
- Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Malmö, 20502, Sweden
| | - Bodil Ohlsson
- Department of Internal Medicine, Skåne University Hospital, Malmö, 20502, Sweden
- Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Malmö, 20502, Sweden
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Olowoyo JO, Okoya AA, Adesiyan IM, Awe YT, Lion GN, Agboola OO, Oladeji OM. Environmental health science research: opportunities and challenges for some developing countries in Africa. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH RESEARCH 2024:1-25. [PMID: 38909292 DOI: 10.1080/09603123.2024.2370388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2023] [Accepted: 06/17/2024] [Indexed: 06/24/2024]
Abstract
Due to ongoing developmental projects, there is a need for regular monitoring of the impact of pollutants on the environment. This review documented the challenges and opportunities in the field of environmental health sciences in some African countries. A systematic review was used to investigate opportunities and challenges in the field of environmental health science in Africa by examining published work with a specific focus on Africa. The reports showed that funding and infrastructure as the major problems. The study also highlighted recruiting study participants, retention, and compensation as a bane in the field in Africa. The absence of modern equipment also hinders research. The review, however, noted research collaboration from the region including studies on emerging pollutants such as pharmaceuticals, per and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS), and microplastic (MPs) as great opportunities. The study concluded that collaboration with other continents, exchange programs and improved governmental interventions may help.
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Affiliation(s)
- J O Olowoyo
- Department of Health Sciences and The Water School, Florida Gulf Coast University, Fort Myers, FL, USA
- Department of Biology and Environmental Sciences, Sefako Makgatho Health Sciences, South Africa
| | - A A Okoya
- Institute of Ecology and Environmental Studies, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife, Nigeria
| | - I M Adesiyan
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, University of Medical Sciences, Ondo, Ondo State, Nigeria
| | - Y T Awe
- Environmental Management Program, Pan African University of Life and Earth Sciences, University of Ibadan, Oyo State, Nigeria
| | - G N Lion
- Department of Biology and Environmental Sciences, Sefako Makgatho Health Sciences, South Africa
| | - O O Agboola
- Department of Botany, University Lokoja, Kogi State, Nigeria
- Department of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Health Sciences Otukpo, Benue State, Nigeria
| | - O M Oladeji
- Department of Biology and Environmental Sciences, Sefako Makgatho Health Sciences, South Africa
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47
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Siljeholm O, Eckerström J, Molander O, Sundbye J, Hammarberg A. 'Before, we ended up in conflicts, now we can provide support'-Experiences of Community Reinforcement and Family Training (CRAFT) for parents of young adults with hazardous substance use. BMC Psychiatry 2024; 24:464. [PMID: 38907237 PMCID: PMC11191224 DOI: 10.1186/s12888-024-05913-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2023] [Accepted: 06/14/2024] [Indexed: 06/23/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The prevalence of hazardous substance use is highest in the age between 18 and 25, but few young adults enter treatment. Community Reinforcement and Family Training (CRAFT) is a support program for concerned significant others (CSOs) of individuals with diverse substance use disorders and is proven efficacious in promoting treatment entry. The aim of the current study was to investigate the experiences of CRAFT among parents of substance using young adults. METHODS We used a qualitative design conducting semi-structured interviews with 10 parents of young adults (18-24 years) with hazardous substance use. The participants were recruited from a randomized controlled trial of the CRAFT program. The transcribed interviews were analyzed using thematic analysis. RESULTS We divided the results into three overall domains-Reasons for entering the CRAFT program, Strengths of the CRAFT program and Limitations of the CRAFT program - with three to four themes under each domain. The parents appreciated the accessible support at a time when they needed it due to feelings of shock and powerlessness, and they described communication strategies together with positive reinforcement as the two most helpful CRAFT-sessions. Regarding limitations of CRAFT in the current population, the parents wanted more accessible support for the young adults when they were ready to enter treatment, and described difficulties to practice CRAFT-components due to changing life-circumstances and fear of aggravated health for their young adults. CONCLUSION The results provide arguments for the health care system to implement support programs to parents of young adults with hazardous substance use. The results show that CRAFT is suitable for the current population, but with some possible additions due to changing circumstances that are common in the young adult developmental phase emerging adulthood. TRIAL REGISTRATION The trial was pre-registered at isrctn.com, reference number ISRCTN12212515 date: November 7, 2018.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ola Siljeholm
- Centre for Psychiatry Research, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, & Stockholm Health Care Services, Region Stockholm, Stockholm, Sweden.
- Stockholm Centre for Dependency Disorders, Stockholm Health Care Services, Region Stockholm, Stockholm, Sweden.
| | - Joachim Eckerström
- Centre for Psychiatry Research, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, & Stockholm Health Care Services, Region Stockholm, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Olof Molander
- Centre for Psychiatry Research, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, & Stockholm Health Care Services, Region Stockholm, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Jennie Sundbye
- Centre for Psychiatry Research, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, & Stockholm Health Care Services, Region Stockholm, Stockholm, Sweden
- Stockholm Centre for Dependency Disorders, Stockholm Health Care Services, Region Stockholm, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Anders Hammarberg
- Centre for Psychiatry Research, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, & Stockholm Health Care Services, Region Stockholm, Stockholm, Sweden
- Stockholm Centre for Dependency Disorders, Stockholm Health Care Services, Region Stockholm, Stockholm, Sweden
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48
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Ananthamohan K, Brady TM, Arif M, Daniels S, Falkner B, Ferguson M, Flynn JT, Hanevold C, Hooper SR, Ingelfinger J, Lande M, Martin LJ, Meyers KE, Mitsnefes M, Rosner B, Samuels JA, Kuffel G, Zilliox MJ, Becker RC, Urbina EM, Sadayappan S. A Multi-Omics Approach to Defining Target Organ Injury in Youth with Primary Hypertension. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.06.17.599125. [PMID: 38948714 PMCID: PMC11212900 DOI: 10.1101/2024.06.17.599125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/02/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Primary hypertension in childhood tracks into adulthood and may be associated with increased cardiovascular risk. Studies conducted in children and adolescents provide an opportunity to explore the early cardiovascular target organ injury (CV-TOI) in a population free from many of the comorbid cardiovascular disease risk factors that confound studies in adults. METHODS Youths (n=132, mean age 15.8 years) were stratified by blood pressure (BP) as low, elevated, and high-BP and by left ventricular mass index (LVMI) as low- and high-LVMI. Systemic circulating RNA, miRNA, and methylation profiles in peripheral blood mononuclear cells and deep proteome profiles in serum were determined using high-throughput sequencing techniques. RESULTS VASH1 gene expression was elevated in youths with high-BP with and without high-LVMI. VASH1 expression levels positively correlated with systolic BP (r=0.3143, p=0.0034). The expression of hsa-miR-335-5p, one of the VASH1-predicted miRNAs, was downregulated in high-BP with high-LVMI youths and was inversely correlated with systolic BP (r=-0.1891, p=0.0489). GSE1 hypermethylation, circulating PROZ upregulation (log2FC=0.61, p=0.0049 and log2FC=0.62, p=0.0064), and SOD3 downregulation (log2FC=-0.70, p=0.0042 and log2FC=-0.64, p=0.010) were observed in youths with elevated BP and high-BP with high-LVMI. Comparing the transcriptomic and proteomic profiles revealed elevated HYAL1 levels in youths displaying high-BP and high-LVMI. CONCLUSIONS The findings are compatible with a novel blood pressure-associated mechanism that may occur through impaired angiogenesis and extracellular matrix degradation through dysregulation of Vasohibin-1 and Hyaluronidase1 was identified as a possible mediator of CV-TOI in youth with high-BP and suggests strategies for ameliorating TOI in adult-onset primary hypertension.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kalyani Ananthamohan
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Health and Diseases, Center for Cardiovascular Research, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH
| | - Tammy M. Brady
- Division of Pediatric Nephrology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD
| | - Mohammed Arif
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Health and Diseases, Center for Cardiovascular Research, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH
| | - Stephen Daniels
- Department of Pediatrics, Denver Children’s Hospital, Aurora, CO
| | - Bonita Falkner
- Departments of Medicine and Pediatrics, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA
| | | | - Joseph T. Flynn
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Washington School of Medicine, Division of Nephrology, Seattle Children’s Hospital, Seattle, WA
| | - Coral Hanevold
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Washington School of Medicine, Division of Nephrology, Seattle Children’s Hospital, Seattle, WA
| | - Stephen R. Hooper
- School of Medicine, Department of Health Sciences, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC
| | - Julie Ingelfinger
- Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Mass General Hospital for Children at Massachusetts General Brigham, Boston, MA
| | - Marc Lande
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY
| | - Lisa J. Martin
- Division of Human Genetics, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH
| | - Kevin E. Meyers
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Mark Mitsnefes
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH
| | - Bernard Rosner
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA
| | - Joshua A. Samuels
- Pediatric Nephrology & Hypertension, McGovern Medical School, University of Texas, Houston, TX
| | - Gina Kuffel
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Loyola University Chicago, Maywood, IL
| | - Michael J. Zilliox
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Loyola University Chicago, Maywood, IL
| | - Richard C. Becker
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Health and Diseases, Center for Cardiovascular Research, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH
| | - Elaine M. Urbina
- Division of Cardiology, Heart Institute, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH
| | - Sakthivel Sadayappan
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Health and Diseases, Center for Cardiovascular Research, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH
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49
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Wong Zhang DE, Gibson Hughes TA, Figueiredo Galvao HB, Lo C, Dinh QN, Zhang SR, Kim HA, Selvaraji S, Clarkson AN, Arumugam TV, Drummond G, Sobey CG, De Silva TM. Post-stroke cognitive impairment and brain hemorrhage are augmented in hypertensive mice. J Cereb Blood Flow Metab 2024:271678X241262127. [PMID: 38886874 DOI: 10.1177/0271678x241262127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/20/2024]
Abstract
Hypertension is a major risk factor for both stroke and cognitive impairment, but it is unclear whether it may specifically affect post-stroke cognitive impairment. We assessed the effect of hypertension and/or stroke on brain injury, cognitive outcome, and the brain transcriptomic profile. C57BL/6J mice (n = 117; 3-5 mo.) received s.c. infusion of either saline or angiotensin II followed by sham surgery or photothrombotic stroke targeting the prefrontal cortex seven days later. Cognitive function was assessed with the Barnes maze and RNA sequencing was used to quantify transcriptomic changes in the brain. Angiotensin II treatment produced spontaneous hemorrhaging after stroke. In the Barnes maze, hypertensive mice that received stroke surgery had an increased escape latency compared to other groups (day 3: hypertensive + stroke = 166.6 ± 6.0 s vs. hypertensive + sham = 122.8 ± 13.8 s vs. normotensive + stroke = 139.9 ± 10.1 s vs. normotensive + sham = 101.9 ± 16.7 s), consistent with impaired cognition. RNA sequencing revealed >1500 differentially expressed genes related to neuroinflammation in hypertensive + stroke vs. normotensive + stroke, which included genes associated with apoptosis, microRNAs, autophagy, anti-cognitive biomarkers and Wnt signaling. Overall, we show that the combination of hypertension and stroke resulted in greater learning impairment and brain injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- David E Wong Zhang
- Centre for Cardiovascular Biology and Disease Research and La Trobe Institute for Molecular Sciences (LIMS), La Trobe University, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Microbiology, Anatomy, Physiology & Pharmacology, School of Agriculture, Biomedicine, Environment, La Trobe University, Victoria, Australia
| | - Tayla A Gibson Hughes
- Centre for Cardiovascular Biology and Disease Research and La Trobe Institute for Molecular Sciences (LIMS), La Trobe University, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Microbiology, Anatomy, Physiology & Pharmacology, School of Agriculture, Biomedicine, Environment, La Trobe University, Victoria, Australia
| | - Hericka B Figueiredo Galvao
- Centre for Cardiovascular Biology and Disease Research and La Trobe Institute for Molecular Sciences (LIMS), La Trobe University, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Microbiology, Anatomy, Physiology & Pharmacology, School of Agriculture, Biomedicine, Environment, La Trobe University, Victoria, Australia
| | - Cecilia Lo
- Department of Microbiology, Anatomy, Physiology & Pharmacology, School of Agriculture, Biomedicine, Environment, La Trobe University, Victoria, Australia
| | - Quynh Nhu Dinh
- Centre for Cardiovascular Biology and Disease Research and La Trobe Institute for Molecular Sciences (LIMS), La Trobe University, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Microbiology, Anatomy, Physiology & Pharmacology, School of Agriculture, Biomedicine, Environment, La Trobe University, Victoria, Australia
| | - Shenpeng R Zhang
- Centre for Cardiovascular Biology and Disease Research and La Trobe Institute for Molecular Sciences (LIMS), La Trobe University, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Microbiology, Anatomy, Physiology & Pharmacology, School of Agriculture, Biomedicine, Environment, La Trobe University, Victoria, Australia
| | - Hyun Ah Kim
- Centre for Cardiovascular Biology and Disease Research and La Trobe Institute for Molecular Sciences (LIMS), La Trobe University, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Microbiology, Anatomy, Physiology & Pharmacology, School of Agriculture, Biomedicine, Environment, La Trobe University, Victoria, Australia
| | - Sharmalee Selvaraji
- Department of Physiology, Yong Loo Lin School Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- Memory Aging and Cognition Centre, Department of Pharmacology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- NUS Graduate School for Integrative Sciences and Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Andrew N Clarkson
- Department of Microbiology, Anatomy, Physiology & Pharmacology, School of Agriculture, Biomedicine, Environment, La Trobe University, Victoria, Australia
| | - Thiruma V Arumugam
- Centre for Cardiovascular Biology and Disease Research and La Trobe Institute for Molecular Sciences (LIMS), La Trobe University, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Microbiology, Anatomy, Physiology & Pharmacology, School of Agriculture, Biomedicine, Environment, La Trobe University, Victoria, Australia
| | - Grant Drummond
- Centre for Cardiovascular Biology and Disease Research and La Trobe Institute for Molecular Sciences (LIMS), La Trobe University, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Microbiology, Anatomy, Physiology & Pharmacology, School of Agriculture, Biomedicine, Environment, La Trobe University, Victoria, Australia
| | - Christopher G Sobey
- Centre for Cardiovascular Biology and Disease Research and La Trobe Institute for Molecular Sciences (LIMS), La Trobe University, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Microbiology, Anatomy, Physiology & Pharmacology, School of Agriculture, Biomedicine, Environment, La Trobe University, Victoria, Australia
| | - T Michael De Silva
- Centre for Cardiovascular Biology and Disease Research and La Trobe Institute for Molecular Sciences (LIMS), La Trobe University, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Microbiology, Anatomy, Physiology & Pharmacology, School of Agriculture, Biomedicine, Environment, La Trobe University, Victoria, Australia
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50
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Diana JC, Chauntry AJ, Cowley E, Paterson C, Struder J, Pagan-Lasalle P, Meyer ML, Lin FC, Moore JB, Hanson ED, Stoner L. Protocol for a Study Investigating Context-Specific Sedentary Behaviors and Cardiometabolic Health in College-Based Young Adults (CONTEXT-SB). RESEARCH SQUARE 2024:rs.3.rs-4470004. [PMID: 38946990 PMCID: PMC11213184 DOI: 10.21203/rs.3.rs-4470004/v1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/02/2024]
Abstract
Background Sedentary behavior (SB) is detrimental to cardiometabolic disease (CMD) risk, which can begin in young adulthood. To devise effective SB-CMD interventions in young adults, it is important to understand which context-specific sedentary behaviors (CS-SB) are most detrimental for CMD risk, the lifestyle behaviors that co-exist with CS-SBs, and the socioecological predictors of CS-SB. Methods This longitudinal observational study will recruit 500 college-aged (18-24 years) individuals. Two laboratory visits will occur, spaced 12 months apart, where a composite CMD risk score (e.g., arterial stiffness, metabolic and inflammatory biomarkers, heart rate variability, and body composition) will be calculated, and questionnaires to measure lifestyle behaviors and different levels of the socioecological model will be administered. After each visit, total SB (activPAL) and CS-SB (television, transportation, academic/ occupational, leisure computer, "other"; ecological momentary assessment) will be measured across seven days. Discussion It is hypothesized that certain CS-SB will show stronger associations with CMD risk, compared to T-SB, even after accounting for coexisting lifestyle behaviors. It is expected that a range of intra-individual, inter-individual, and physical environment socioecological factors will predict CS-SB. The findings from this study will support the development of an evidence-based, multi-level intervention to target SB reduction and mitigate CMD risk in CBYA.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Lee Stoner
- University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill
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