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Gajawelli N, Paulli A, Deoni S, Paquette N, Darakjian D, Salazar C, Dean D, O'Muircheartaigh J, Nelson MD, Wang Y, Lepore N. Surface-based morphometry of the corpus callosum in young children of ages 1-5. Hum Brain Mapp 2024; 45:e26693. [PMID: 38924235 PMCID: PMC11199824 DOI: 10.1002/hbm.26693] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2023] [Revised: 02/05/2024] [Accepted: 04/05/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
The corpus callosum (CC) is a large white matter fiber bundle in the brain and is involved in various cognitive, sensory, and motor processes. While implicated in various developmental and psychiatric disorders, much is yet to be uncovered about the normal development of this structure, especially in young children. Additionally, while sexual dimorphism has been reported in prior literature, observations have not necessarily been consistent. In this study, we use morphometric measures including surface tensor-based morphometry (TBM) to investigate local changes in the shape of the CC in children between the ages of 12 and 60 months, in intervals of 12 months. We also analyze sex differences in each of these age groups. We observed larger significant clusters in the earlier ages between 12 v 24 m and between 48 v 60 m and localized differences in the anterior region of the body of the CC. Sex differences were most pronounced in the 12 m group. This study adds to the growing literature of work aiming to understand the developing brain and emphasizes the utility of surface TBM as a useful tool for analyzing regional differences in neuroanatomical morphometry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Niharika Gajawelli
- CIBORG Lab, Department of RadiologyChildren's Hospital Los AngelesLos AngelesCaliforniaUSA
| | - Athelia Paulli
- CIBORG Lab, Department of RadiologyChildren's Hospital Los AngelesLos AngelesCaliforniaUSA
| | - Sean Deoni
- Department of PediatricsWarren Alpert Medical School at Brown UniversityProvidenceRhode IslandUSA
- Bill & Melinda Gates FoundationSeattleWashingtonUSA
| | - Natacha Paquette
- CIBORG Lab, Department of RadiologyChildren's Hospital Los AngelesLos AngelesCaliforniaUSA
- Department of PsychologyCHU Sainte‐JustineMontrealQuebecCanada
| | - Danielle Darakjian
- CIBORG Lab, Department of RadiologyChildren's Hospital Los AngelesLos AngelesCaliforniaUSA
- College of MedicineCalifornia Northstate UniversityElk GroveCaliforniaUSA
| | - Carlos Salazar
- CIBORG Lab, Department of RadiologyChildren's Hospital Los AngelesLos AngelesCaliforniaUSA
- Department of Biomedical EngineeringUniversity of Southern CaliforniaLos AngelesCaliforniaUSA
| | - Douglas Dean
- Waisman Laboratory for Brain Imaging and BehaviorUniversity of Wisconsin MadisonMadisonWisconsinUSA
| | | | - Marvin D. Nelson
- Department of PediatricsUniversity of Southern CaliforniaLos AngelesCaliforniaUSA
- Department of RadiologyChildren's Hospital Los AngelesLos AngelesCaliforniaUSA
| | - Yalin Wang
- Department of Computer ScienceArizona State UniversityTempeArizonaUSA
| | - Natasha Lepore
- CIBORG Lab, Department of RadiologyChildren's Hospital Los AngelesLos AngelesCaliforniaUSA
- Department of Biomedical EngineeringUniversity of Southern CaliforniaLos AngelesCaliforniaUSA
- Department of PediatricsUniversity of Southern CaliforniaLos AngelesCaliforniaUSA
- Department of RadiologyChildren's Hospital Los AngelesLos AngelesCaliforniaUSA
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Bulgarelli C, Pinti P, Aburumman N, Jones EJH. Combining wearable fNIRS and immersive virtual reality to study preschoolers' social development: a proof-of-principle study on preschoolers' social preference. OXFORD OPEN NEUROSCIENCE 2023; 2:kvad012. [PMID: 38596237 PMCID: PMC10913823 DOI: 10.1093/oons/kvad012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2023] [Revised: 11/27/2023] [Accepted: 11/30/2023] [Indexed: 04/11/2024]
Abstract
A child's social world is complex and rich, but has traditionally been assessed with conventional experiments where children are presented with repeated stimuli on a screen. These assessments are impoverished relative to the dynamics of social interactions in real life, and can be challenging to implement with preschoolers, who struggle to comply with strict lab rules. The current work meets the need to develop new platforms to assess preschoolers' social development, by presenting a unique virtual-reality set-up combined with wearable functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS). As a proof-of-principle, we validated this platform by measuring brain activity during self-guided social interaction in 3-to-5-year-olds, which is under-investigated, yet crucial to understand the basis of social interactions in preschoolers. 37 preschoolers chose an interaction partner from one of 4 human-like avatars of different gender and age. We recorded spontaneous brain fluctuations from the frontal and temporoparietal regions (notably engaged in social-categorization and preference) while children played a bubble-popping game with a preferred and an assigned avatar. 60% of the participants chose to play with the same-gender and same-age avatar. However, this result was driven by females (>80% vs. 50% in males). Different fronto-temporoparietal connectivity patterns when playing with the two avatars were observed, especially in females. We showed the feasibility of using a novel set-up to naturalistically assess social preference in preschoolers, which was assessed at the behavioural and functional connectivity level. This work provides a first proof-of-principle for using cutting-edge technologies and naturalistic experiments to study social development, opening new avenues of research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiara Bulgarelli
- Centre for Brain and Cognitive Development, Birkbeck, University of London, Malet St, London, WC1E 7HX, UK
- Department of Medical Physics and Biomedical Engineering, University College London, Gower Street, London, WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - Paola Pinti
- Centre for Brain and Cognitive Development, Birkbeck, University of London, Malet St, London, WC1E 7HX, UK
- Department of Medical Physics and Biomedical Engineering, University College London, Gower Street, London, WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - Nadine Aburumman
- Department of Computer Science, St John's Building, Brunel University London, Uxbridge, Middlesex, UB8 3PH, UK
| | - Emily J H Jones
- Centre for Brain and Cognitive Development, Birkbeck, University of London, Malet St, London, WC1E 7HX, UK
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Castelnovo A, Lividini A, Riedner BA, Avvenuti G, Jones SG, Miano S, Tononi G, Manconi M, Bernardi G. Origin, synchronization, and propagation of sleep slow waves in children. Neuroimage 2023; 274:120133. [PMID: 37094626 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2023.120133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2022] [Revised: 03/30/2023] [Accepted: 04/21/2023] [Indexed: 04/26/2023] Open
Abstract
STUDY OBJECTIVES Sleep slow wave activity, as measured using EEG delta power (<4 Hz), undergoes significant changes throughout development, mirroring changes in brain function and anatomy. Yet, age-dependent variations in the characteristics of individual slow waves have not been thoroughly investigated. Here we aimed at characterizing individual slow wave properties such as origin, synchronization, and cortical propagation at the transition between childhood and adulthood. METHODS We analyzed overnight high-density (256 electrodes) EEG recordings of healthy typically developing children (N=21, 10.3±1.5 years old) and young healthy adults (N=18, 31.1±4.4 years old). All recordings were preprocessed to reduce artifacts, and NREM slow waves were detected and characterized using validated algorithms. The threshold for statistical significance was set at p=0.05. RESULTS The slow waves of children were larger and steeper, but less widespread than those of adults. Moreover, they tended to mainly originate from and spread over more posterior brain areas. Relative to those of adults, the slow waves of children also displayed a tendency to more strongly involve and originate from the right than the left hemisphere. The separate analysis of slow waves characterized by high and low synchronization efficiency showed that these waves undergo partially distinct maturation patterns, consistent with their possible dependence on different generation and synchronization mechanisms. CONCLUSIONS Changes in slow wave origin, synchronization, and propagation at the transition between childhood and adulthood are consistent with known modifications in cortico-cortical and subcortico-cortical brain connectivity. In this light, changes in slow-wave properties may provide a valuable yardstick to assess, track, and interpret physiological and pathological development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Castelnovo
- Sleep Medicine Unit, Neurocenter of Southern Switzerland, Ospedale Civico, Lugano, Switzerland; Faculty of Biomedical Sciences, Università della Svizzera Italiana, Lugano, Switzerland; University Hospital of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland.
| | - Althea Lividini
- Epilepsy Center - Sleep Medicine Center, Childhood and Adolescence Neuropsychiatry Unit, ASST SS. Paolo e Carlo, San Paolo Hospital, Milan, Italy
| | - Brady A Riedner
- Center for Sleep and Consciousness, Department of Psychiatry, University of Wisconsin - Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Giulia Avvenuti
- MoMiLab Research Unit, IMT School for Advanced Studies Lucca, Lucca, Italy
| | - Stephanie G Jones
- Department of Psychiatry, Wisconsin Institute for Sleep and Consciousness, University of Wisconsin-Madison(,) Madison, WI, USA
| | - Silvia Miano
- Sleep Medicine Unit, Neurocenter of Southern Switzerland, Ospedale Civico, Lugano, Switzerland; Faculty of Biomedical Sciences, Università della Svizzera Italiana, Lugano, Switzerland
| | - Giulio Tononi
- Department of Psychiatry, Wisconsin Institute for Sleep and Consciousness, University of Wisconsin-Madison(,) Madison, WI, USA
| | - Mauro Manconi
- Sleep Medicine Unit, Neurocenter of Southern Switzerland, Ospedale Civico, Lugano, Switzerland; Faculty of Biomedical Sciences, Università della Svizzera Italiana, Lugano, Switzerland; Department of Neurology, University Hospital, Inselspital, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Giulio Bernardi
- MoMiLab Research Unit, IMT School for Advanced Studies Lucca, Lucca, Italy.
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Low LS, Wong JHD, Tan LK, Chan WY, Jalaludin MY, Anuar Zaini A, Ramli N. Preliminary study of longitudinal changes in the pituitary and brain of children on growth hormone therapy. J Neuroradiol 2023; 50:271-277. [PMID: 34800564 DOI: 10.1016/j.neurad.2021.11.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2021] [Revised: 10/08/2021] [Accepted: 11/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In subjects with isolated growth hormone deficiency (IGHD), recombinant human growth hormone (rhGH) is an approved method to achieve potential mid-parental height. However, data reporting rhGH treatment response in terms of brain structure volumes were scarce. We report the volumetric changes of the pituitary gland, basal ganglia, corpus callosum, thalamus, hippocampus and amygdala in these subjects post rhGH treatment. MATERIALS AND METHODS This was a longitudinal study of eight IGHD subjects (2 males, 6 females) with a mean age of 11.1 ± 0.8 years and age-matched control groups. The pituitary gland, basal ganglia and limbic structures volumes were obtained using 3T MRI voxel-based morphology. The left-hand bone age was assessed using the Tanner-Whitehouse method. Follow-up imaging was performed after an average of 1.8 ± 0.4 years on rhGH. RESULTS Subjects with IGHD had a smaller mean volume of the pituitary gland, right thalamus, hippocampus, and amygdala than the controls. After rhGH therapy, these volumes normalized to the age-matched controls. Corpus callosum of IGHD subjects had a larger mean volume than the controls and did not show much volume changes in response to rhGH therapy. There were changes towards normalization of bone age deficit of IGHD in response to rhGH therapy. CONCLUSION The pituitary gland, hippocampus, and amygdala volumes in IGHD subjects were smaller than age-matched controls and showed the most response to rhGH therapy. Semi-automated volumetric assessment of pituitary gland, hippocampus, and amygdala using MRI may provide an objective assessment of response to rhGH therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lee Shien Low
- Department of Biomedical Imaging, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Lembah Pantai, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Jeannie Hsiu Ding Wong
- Department of Biomedical Imaging, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Lembah Pantai, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia; University of Malaya Research Imaging Centre, University of Malaya, Lembah Pantai, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Li Kuo Tan
- Department of Biomedical Imaging, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Lembah Pantai, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia; University of Malaya Research Imaging Centre, University of Malaya, Lembah Pantai, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Wai Yee Chan
- Department of Biomedical Imaging, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Lembah Pantai, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Muhammad Yazid Jalaludin
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Lembah Pantai, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Azriyanti Anuar Zaini
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Lembah Pantai, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Norlisah Ramli
- Department of Biomedical Imaging, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Lembah Pantai, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia; University of Malaya Research Imaging Centre, University of Malaya, Lembah Pantai, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
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Isiklar S, Ozdemir ST, Ozkaya G, Ozpar R. Three dimensional development and asymmetry of the corpus callosum in the 0-18 age group: A retrospective magnetic resonance imaging study. Clin Anat 2022; 36:581-598. [PMID: 36527384 DOI: 10.1002/ca.23996] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2022] [Revised: 12/07/2022] [Accepted: 12/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Most of the corpus callosum (CC) developmental studies are concerned with its two-dimensional structure. Linear and area measurements do not directly assess the CC size but estimate the overall structure from the cross-sectional image. This study investigated age- and sex-related changes in volumetric development and asymmetry of CC from birth to 18. For this retrospective study, we selected 696 patients (329 [47.27%] females) with both 3D-T1-weighted sequence and normal radiological anatomy from patients 0-18 years of age who had brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) between 2012 and 2020. The genu, body, splenium, and total volume of CC were calculated using MRICloud. The measurement results of 23 age groups were analyzed with SPSS (ver.28). Total CC volume was 18740.76 ± 4314.06 mm3 between 0 and 18 years of age, and its ratio to total brain volume (TBV) was 1.70% ± 0.23%. We observed that the total CC volume has six developmental periods 0 years, 1, 2-4, 5-9, 10-16, and 17-18 years. Genu and body grew in five developmental periods, while splenium in seven. There was intermittent sexual dimorphism in the CC volume in the first 4 years of life (p < 0.05). However, sex factor was insignificant in CC ratio to TBV. Total CC was right lateralized on average 1.81% (ranging -0.59% to 4.52%). Genu was 8.70% lateralized to the right, the body was 2.99% to the left, and the splenium was 1.41% to the right. The three-dimensional development of CC agreed with the two-dimensional developmental data of CC except for some differences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sefa Isiklar
- Medical Imaging Techniques Program, Vocational School of Health Services, Bursa Uludag University, Bursa, Turkey
| | - Senem Turan Ozdemir
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Bursa Uludag University, Bursa, Turkey
| | - Güven Ozkaya
- Department of Biostatistics, Faculty of Medicine, Bursa Uludag University, Bursa, Turkey
| | - Rıfat Ozpar
- Department of Radiology, Faculty of Medicine, Bursa Uludag University, Bursa, Turkey
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Smigielski L, Stämpfli P, Wotruba D, Buechler R, Sommer S, Gerstenberg M, Theodoridou A, Walitza S, Rössler W, Heekeren K. White matter microstructure and the clinical risk for psychosis: A diffusion tensor imaging study of individuals with basic symptoms and at ultra-high risk. Neuroimage Clin 2022; 35:103067. [PMID: 35679786 PMCID: PMC9178487 DOI: 10.1016/j.nicl.2022.103067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2022] [Revised: 05/19/2022] [Accepted: 05/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
This DTI cross-sectional study compared UHR, basic symptom & control groups (n = 112). The splenium of UHR individuals exhibited differences in fractional anisotropy (FA). Basic symptoms alone were not associated with white matter microstructure changes. Large differences in FA & radial diffusivity were found in converters to psychosis. Regional FA was inversely correlated with the general psychopathology domain.
Background Widespread white matter abnormalities are a frequent finding in chronic schizophrenia patients. More inconsistent results have been provided by the sparser literature on at-risk states for psychosis, i.e., emerging subclinical symptoms. However, considering risk as a homogenous construct, an approach of earlier studies, may impede our understanding of neuro-progression into psychosis. Methods An analysis was conducted of 3-Tesla MRI diffusion and symptom data from 112 individuals (mean age, 21.97 ± 4.19) within two at-risk paradigm subtypes, only basic symptoms (n = 43) and ultra-high risk (n = 37), and controls (n = 32). Between-group comparisons (involving three study groups and further split based on the subsequent transition to schizophrenia) of four diffusion-tensor-imaging-derived scalars were performed using voxelwise tract-based spatial statistics, followed by correlational analyses with Structured Interview for Prodromal Syndromes responses. Results Relative to controls, fractional anisotropy was lower in the splenium of the corpus callosum of ultra-high-risk individuals, but only before stringent multiple-testing correction, and negatively correlated with General Symptom severity among at-risk individuals. At-risk participants who transitioned to schizophrenia within 3 years, compared to those that did not transition, had more severe WM differences in fractional anisotropy and radial diffusivity (particularly in the corpus callosum, anterior corona radiata, and motor/sensory tracts), which were even more extensive compared to healthy controls. Conclusions These findings align with the subclinical symptom presentation and more extensive disruptions in converters, suggestive of severity-related demyelination or axonal pathology. Fine-grained but detectable differences among ultra-high-risk subjects (i.e., with brief limited intermittent and/or attenuated psychotic symptoms) point to the splenium as a discrete site of emerging psychopathology, while basic symptoms alone were not associated with altered fractional anisotropy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lukasz Smigielski
- The Zurich Program for Sustainable Development of Mental Health Services (ZInEP), Psychiatric University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland; Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Psychiatric University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.
| | - Philipp Stämpfli
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, Psychiatric University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland; MR-Center of the Psychiatric Hospital and the Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Diana Wotruba
- The Zurich Program for Sustainable Development of Mental Health Services (ZInEP), Psychiatric University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Roman Buechler
- The Zurich Program for Sustainable Development of Mental Health Services (ZInEP), Psychiatric University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland; Department of Neuroradiology, University Hospital of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Stefan Sommer
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, Psychiatric University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland; MR-Center of the Psychiatric Hospital and the Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Miriam Gerstenberg
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Psychiatric University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Anastasia Theodoridou
- The Zurich Program for Sustainable Development of Mental Health Services (ZInEP), Psychiatric University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland; Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, Psychiatric University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Susanne Walitza
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Psychiatric University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland; Neuroscience Center Zurich, University of Zurich and ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland; Zurich Center for Integrative Human Physiology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Wulf Rössler
- The Zurich Program for Sustainable Development of Mental Health Services (ZInEP), Psychiatric University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Charité Universitätsmedizin, Campus Charité Mitte, Berlin, Germany; Laboratory of Neuroscience (LIM 27), Institute of Psychiatry, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Karsten Heekeren
- The Zurich Program for Sustainable Development of Mental Health Services (ZInEP), Psychiatric University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland; Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, Psychiatric University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy I, LVR-Hospital, Cologne, Germany
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Watson CM, Sherwood CC, Phillips KA. Myelin characteristics of the corpus callosum in capuchin monkeys (Sapajus [Cebus] apella) across the lifespan. Sci Rep 2022; 12:8786. [PMID: 35610294 PMCID: PMC9130294 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-12893-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2022] [Accepted: 05/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
The midsagittal area of the corpus callosum (CC) is frequently studied in relation to brain development, connectivity, and function. Here we quantify myelin characteristics from electron microscopy to understand more fully differential patterns of white matter development occurring within the CC. We subdivided midsagittal regions of the CC into: I-rostrum and genu, II-rostral body, III-anterior midbody, IV-posterior midbody, and V-isthmus and splenium. The sample represented capuchin monkeys ranging in age from 2 weeks to 35 years (Sapajus [Cebus] apella, n = 8). Measurements of myelin thickness, myelin fraction, and g-ratio were obtained in a systematic random fashion. We hypothesized there would be a period of rapid myelin growth within the CC in early development. Using a locally weighted regression analysis (LOESS), we found regional differences in myelin characteristics, with posterior regions showing more rapid increases in myelin thickness and sharper decreases in g-ratio in early development. The most anterior region showed the most sustained growth in myelin thickness. For all regions over the lifespan, myelin fraction increased, plateaued, and decreased. These results suggest differential patterns of nonlinear myelin growth occur early in development and well into adulthood in the CC of capuchin monkeys.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chase M Watson
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience Program, Trinity University, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Chet C Sherwood
- Department of Anthropology and Center for the Advanced Study of Human Paleobiology, The George Washington University, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Kimberley A Phillips
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience Program, Trinity University, San Antonio, TX, USA.
- Southwest National Primate Research Center, Texas Biomedical Research Institute, San Antonio, TX, USA.
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Marshall AT, McConnell R, Lanphear BP, Thompson WK, Herting MM, Sowell ER. Risk of lead exposure, subcortical brain structure, and cognition in a large cohort of 9- to 10-year-old children. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0258469. [PMID: 34648580 PMCID: PMC8516269 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0258469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2020] [Accepted: 09/26/2021] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Lead, a toxic metal, affects cognitive development at the lowest measurable concentrations found in children, but little is known about its direct impact on brain development. Recently, we reported widespread decreases in cortical surface area and volume with increased risks of lead exposure, primarily in children of low-income families. METHODS AND FINDINGS We examined associations of neighborhood-level risk of lead exposure with cognitive test performance and subcortical brain volumes. We also examined whether subcortical structure mediated associations between lead risk and cognitive performance. Our analyses employed a cross-sectional analysis of baseline data from the observational Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development (ABCD) Study. The multi-center ABCD Study used school-based enrollment to recruit a demographically diverse cohort of almost 11,900 9- and 10-year-old children from an initial 22 study sites. The analyzed sample included data from 8,524 typically developing child participants and their parents or caregivers. The primary outcomes and measures were subcortical brain structure, cognitive performance using the National Institutes of Health Toolbox, and geocoded risk of lead exposure. Children who lived in neighborhoods with greater risks of environmental lead exposure exhibited smaller volumes of the mid-anterior (partial correlation coefficient [rp] = -0.040), central (rp = -0.038), and mid-posterior corpus callosum (rp = -0.035). Smaller volumes of these three callosal regions were associated with poorer performance on cognitive tests measuring language and processing speed. The association of lead exposure risk with cognitive performance was partially mediated through callosal volume, particularly the mid-posterior corpus callosum. In contrast, neighborhood-level indicators of disadvantage were not associated with smaller volumes of these brain structures. CONCLUSIONS Environmental factors related to the risk of lead exposure may be associated with certain aspects of cognitive functioning via diminished subcortical brain structure, including the anterior splenium (i.e., mid-posterior corpus callosum).
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew T. Marshall
- Children’s Hospital Los Angeles, and the Department of Pediatrics, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
| | - Rob McConnell
- Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
| | - Bruce P. Lanphear
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Simon Fraser University, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Wesley K. Thompson
- Department of Biostatistics, Department of Family Medicine and Public Health, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, California, United States of America
| | - Megan M. Herting
- Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
| | - Elizabeth R. Sowell
- Children’s Hospital Los Angeles, and the Department of Pediatrics, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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9
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Soysal H, Acer N, Özdemir M, Eraslan Ö. A Volumetric Study of the Corpus Callosum in the Turkish Population. Skull Base Surg 2021; 83:443-450. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0041-1731033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2020] [Accepted: 05/07/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Objective The aim of this study is to measure the average corpus callosum (CC) volume of healthy Turkish humans and to analyze the effects of gender and age on volumes, including the genu, truncus, and splenium parts of the CC.
Patients and Methods Magnetic resonance imaging brain scans were obtained from 301 healthy male and female subjects, aged 11 to 84 years. The median age was 42 years (min–max: 11–82) in females and 49 years (min–max: 12–84) in males. Corpus callosum and its parts were calculated by using MRICloud. CC volumes of each subject were compared with those of the age and gender groups.
Results All volumes of the CC were significantly higher in males than females. All left volumes except BCC were significantly higher than the right volumes in both males and females. The oldest two age groups (50–69 and 70–84 years) were found to have higher bilateral CC volumes, and bilateral BCC volumes were also higher than in the other two age groups (11–29 and 30–49 years).
Conclusion The results suggest that compared with females/males, females have a faster decline in the volume of all volumes of the CC. We think that quantitative structural magnetic resonance data of the brain is vital in understanding human brain function and development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Handan Soysal
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Dentistry, Ankara Yıldırım Beyazıt University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Niyazi Acer
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Arel University, İstanbul, Turkey
| | - Meltem Özdemir
- Department of Radiology, Dışkapı Yıldırım Beyazıt Health Application and Research Center, Medical Sciences University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Önder Eraslan
- Department of Radiology, Dışkapı Yıldırım Beyazıt Health Application and Research Center, Medical Sciences University, Ankara, Turkey
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Liu W, Rohlman AR, Vetreno R, Crews FT. Expression of Oligodendrocyte and Oligoprogenitor Cell Proteins in Frontal Cortical White and Gray Matter: Impact of Adolescent Development and Ethanol Exposure. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:651418. [PMID: 34025418 PMCID: PMC8134748 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.651418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2021] [Accepted: 04/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Adolescent development of prefrontal cortex (PFC) parallels maturation of executive functions as well as increasing white matter and myelination. Studies using MRI and other methods find that PFC white matter increases across adolescence into adulthood in both humans and rodents. Adolescent binge drinking is common and has been found to alter adult behaviors and PFC functions. This study examines development of oligoprogenitor (OPC) and oligodendrocytes (OLs) in Wistar rats from adolescence to adulthood within PFC white matter, corpus callosum forceps minor (fmi), PFC gray matter, and the neurogenic subventricular zone (SVZ) using immunohistochemistry for marker proteins. In addition, the effects of adolescent intermittent ethanol exposure [AIE; 5.0 g/kg/day, intragastric, 2 days on/2 days off on postnatal day (P)25-54], which is a weekend binge drinking model, were determined. OPC markers NG2+, PDGFRα+ and Olig2+IHC were differentially impacted by both age and PFC region. In both fmi and SVZ, NG2+IHC cells declined from adolescence to adulthood with AIE increasing adult NG2+IHC cells and their association with microglial marker Iba1. PFC gray matter decline in NG2+IHC in adulthood was not altered by AIE. Both adult maturation and AIE impacted OL expression of PLP+, MBP+, MAG+, MOG+, CNPase+, Olig1+, and Olig2+IHC in all three PFC regions, but in region- and marker-specific patterns. These findings are consistent with PFC region-specific changes in OPC and OL markers from adolescence to adulthood as well as following AIE that could contribute to lasting changes in PFC function.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Fulton T. Crews
- Bowles Center for Alcohol Studies, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States
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11
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Zhao Q, Sullivan EV, Honnorat N, Adeli E, Podhajsky S, De Bellis MD, Voyvodic J, Nooner KB, Baker FC, Colrain IM, Tapert SF, Brown SA, Thompson WK, Nagel BJ, Clark DB, Pfefferbaum A, Pohl KM. Association of Heavy Drinking With Deviant Fiber Tract Development in Frontal Brain Systems in Adolescents. JAMA Psychiatry 2021; 78:407-415. [PMID: 33377940 PMCID: PMC7774050 DOI: 10.1001/jamapsychiatry.2020.4064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
IMPORTANCE Maturation of white matter fiber systems subserves cognitive, behavioral, emotional, and motor development during adolescence. Hazardous drinking during this active neurodevelopmental period may alter the trajectory of white matter microstructural development, potentially increasing risk for developing alcohol-related dysfunction and alcohol use disorder in adulthood. OBJECTIVE To identify disrupted adolescent microstructural brain development linked to drinking onset and to assess whether the disruption is more pronounced in younger rather than older adolescents. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS This case-control study, conducted from January 13, 2013, to January 15, 2019, consisted of an analysis of 451 participants from the National Consortium on Alcohol and Neurodevelopment in Adolescence cohort. Participants were aged 12 to 21 years at baseline and had at least 2 usable magnetic resonance diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) scans and up to 5 examination visits spanning 4 years. Participants with a youth-adjusted Cahalan score of 0 were labeled as no-to-low drinkers; those with a score of greater than 1 for at least 2 consecutive visits were labeled as heavy drinkers. Exploratory analysis was conducted between no-to-low and heavy drinkers. A between-group analysis was conducted between age- and sex-matched youths, and a within-participant analysis was performed before and after drinking. EXPOSURES Self-reported alcohol consumption in the past year summarized by categorical drinking levels. MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES Diffusion tensor imaging measurement of fractional anisotropy (FA) in the whole brain and fiber systems quantifying the developmental change of each participant as a slope. RESULTS Analysis of whole-brain FA of 451 adolescents included 291 (64.5%) no-to-low drinkers and 160 (35.5%) heavy drinkers who indicated the potential for a deleterious association of alcohol with microstructural development. Among the no-to-low drinkers, 142 (48.4%) were boys with mean (SD) age of 16.5 (2.2) years and 149 (51.2%) were girls with mean (SD) age of 16.5 (2.1) years and 192 (66.0%) were White participants. Among the heavy drinkers, 86 (53.8%) were boys with mean (SD) age of 20.1 (1.5) years and 74 (46.3%) were girls with mean (SD) age of 20.5 (2.0) years and 142 (88.8%) were White participants. A group analysis revealed FA reduction in heavy-drinking youth compared with age- and sex-matched controls (t154 = -2.7, P = .008). The slope of this reduction correlated with log of days of drinking since the baseline visit (r156 = -0.21, 2-tailed P = .008). A within-participant analysis contrasting developmental trajectories of youths before and after they initiated heavy drinking supported the prediction that drinking onset was associated with and potentially preceded disrupted white matter integrity. Age-alcohol interactions (t152 = 3.0, P = .004) observed for the FA slopes indicated that the alcohol-associated disruption was greater in younger than older adolescents and was most pronounced in the genu and body of the corpus callosum, regions known to continue developing throughout adolescence. CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE This case-control study of adolescents found a deleterious association of alcohol use with white matter microstructural integrity. These findings support the concept of heightened vulnerability to environmental agents, including alcohol, associated with attenuated development of major white matter tracts in early adolescence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingyu Zhao
- Department of Psychiatry & Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California
| | - Edith V. Sullivan
- Department of Psychiatry & Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California
| | - Nicolas Honnorat
- Center for Health Sciences, SRI International, Menlo Park, California
| | - Ehsan Adeli
- Department of Psychiatry & Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California
| | - Simon Podhajsky
- Center for Health Sciences, SRI International, Menlo Park, California
| | - Michael D. De Bellis
- Department of Psychiatry & Behavioral Sciences, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina
| | - James Voyvodic
- Department of Radiology, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Kate B. Nooner
- Department of Psychology, University of North Carolina, Wilmington
| | - Fiona C. Baker
- Center for Health Sciences, SRI International, Menlo Park, California
| | - Ian M. Colrain
- Center for Health Sciences, SRI International, Menlo Park, California
| | - Susan F. Tapert
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California San Diego, La Jolla
| | - Sandra A. Brown
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California San Diego, La Jolla,Department of Psychology, University of California San Diego, La Jolla
| | - Wesley K. Thompson
- Division of Biostatistics, Department of Family Medicine and Public Health, University of California San Diego, La Jolla
| | - Bonnie J. Nagel
- Departments of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neuroscience, Oregon Health & Sciences University, Portland
| | - Duncan B. Clark
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Adolf Pfefferbaum
- Department of Psychiatry & Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California,Center for Health Sciences, SRI International, Menlo Park, California
| | - Kilian M. Pohl
- Department of Psychiatry & Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California,Center for Health Sciences, SRI International, Menlo Park, California
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12
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Witzmann K, Raschke F, Troost EGC. MR Image Changes of Normal-Appearing Brain Tissue after Radiotherapy. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13071573. [PMID: 33805542 PMCID: PMC8037886 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13071573] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2021] [Revised: 03/13/2021] [Accepted: 03/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Radiotherapy is one of the most important treatment options against cancer. Irradiation of cancerous tissue either directly destroys the cancer cells or damages them such that they cannot reproduce. One side-effect of radiotherapy is that tumor-surrounding normal tissue is inevitably also irradiated, albeit at a lower dose. The resulting long-term damage can significantly affect cognitive performance and quality of life. Many studies investigated the effect of irradiation on normal-appearing brain tissues and some of these correlated imaging findings with functional outcome. This article provides an overview of the examination of radiation-induced injuries using conventional and enhanced MRI methods and summarizes conclusions about the underlying tissue changes. Radiation-induced morphologic, microstructural, vascular, and metabolic tissue changes have been observed, in which the effect of irradiation was evident in terms of decreased perfusion and neuronal health as well as increased diffusion and atrophy. Abstract Radiotherapy is part of the standard treatment of most primary brain tumors. Large clinical target volumes and physical characteristics of photon beams inevitably lead to irradiation of surrounding normal brain tissue. This can cause radiation-induced brain injury. In particular, late brain injury, such as cognitive dysfunction, is often irreversible and progressive over time, resulting in a significant reduction in quality of life. Since 50% of patients have survival times greater than six months, radiation-induced side effects become more relevant and need to be balanced against radiation treatment given with curative intent. To develop adequate treatment and prevention strategies, the underlying cause of radiation-induced side-effects needs to be understood. This paper provides an overview of radiation-induced changes observed in normal-appearing brains measured with conventional and advanced MRI techniques and summarizes the current findings and conclusions. Brain atrophy was observed with anatomical MRI. Changes in tissue microstructure were seen on diffusion imaging. Vascular changes were examined with perfusion-weighted imaging and susceptibility-weighted imaging. MR spectroscopy revealed decreasing N-acetyl aspartate, indicating decreased neuronal health or neuronal loss. Based on these findings, multicenter prospective studies incorporating advanced MR techniques as well as neurocognitive function tests should be designed in order to gain more evidence on radiation-induced sequelae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katharina Witzmann
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Institute of Radiooncology—OncoRay, Dresden, Germany; (K.W.); (F.R.)
- OncoRay—National Center for Radiation Research in Oncology, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Dresden, Germany
| | - Felix Raschke
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Institute of Radiooncology—OncoRay, Dresden, Germany; (K.W.); (F.R.)
- OncoRay—National Center for Radiation Research in Oncology, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Dresden, Germany
| | - Esther G. C. Troost
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Institute of Radiooncology—OncoRay, Dresden, Germany; (K.W.); (F.R.)
- OncoRay—National Center for Radiation Research in Oncology, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Dresden, Germany
- Department of Radiotherapy and Radiation Oncology, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Partner Site Dresden, and German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
- National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT), Partner Site Dresden of the German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden and Helmholtz Association/Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf (HZDR), Dresden, Germany
- Correspondence:
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13
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Bacon ER, Brinton RD. Epigenetics of the developing and aging brain: Mechanisms that regulate onset and outcomes of brain reorganization. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2021; 125:503-516. [PMID: 33657435 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2021.02.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2020] [Revised: 02/17/2021] [Accepted: 02/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Brain development is a life-long process that encompasses several critical periods of transition, during which significant cognitive changes occur. Embryonic development, puberty, and reproductive senescence are all periods of transition that are hypersensitive to environmental factors. Rather than isolated episodes, each transition builds upon the last and is influenced by consequential changes that occur in the transition before it. Epigenetic marks, such as DNA methylation and histone modifications, provide mechanisms by which early events can influence development, cognition, and health outcomes. For example, parental environment influences imprinting patterns in gamete cells, which ultimately impacts gene expression in the embryo which may result in hypersensitivity to poor maternal nutrition during pregnancy, raising the risks for cognitive impairment later in life. This review explores how epigenetics induce and regulate critical periods, and also discusses how early environmental interactions prime a system towards a particular health outcome and influence susceptibility to disease or cognitive impairment throughout life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eliza R Bacon
- Department of Neuroscience, Dornsife College of Letters, Arts and Sciences, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, 90089, USA; The Center for Precision Medicine, Beckman Research Institute, City of Hope, Duarte, CA, 91010, USA
| | - Roberta Diaz Brinton
- Department of Neuroscience, Dornsife College of Letters, Arts and Sciences, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, 90089, USA; Center for Innovation in Brain Science, School of Medicine, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, 85721, USA.
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14
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López-Vicente M, Lamballais S, Louwen S, Hillegers M, Tiemeier H, Muetzel RL, White T. White matter microstructure correlates of age, sex, handedness and motor ability in a population-based sample of 3031 school-age children. Neuroimage 2020; 227:117643. [PMID: 33338611 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2020.117643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2020] [Revised: 12/01/2020] [Accepted: 12/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Understanding the development of white matter microstructure in the general population is an imperative precursor to identifying its involvement in psychopathology. Previous studies have reported changes in white matter microstructure associated with age and different developmental patterns between boys and girls. Handedness has also been related to white matter in adults. Motor performance, tightly dependent on overall neuronal myelination, has been related to the corpus callosum. However, the association between motor performance and global white matter microstructure has not been reported in the literature. In general, these age, sex, handedness, and motor performance associations have been observed using small and poorly representative samples. We examined the relationships between age, sex, handedness, and motor performance, measured with a finger tapping task, and white matter microstructure in the forceps major and minor and in 5 tracts bilaterally (cingulum, corticospinal, inferior and superior longitudinal fasciculi, and uncinate) in a population-based sample of 3031 children between 8 and 12 years of age. Diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) data were acquired using a single, study-dedicated 3 Tesla scanner. We extracted and quantified features of white matter microstructure for each tract. We computed global DTI metrics by combining scalar values across multiple tracts into single latent factors using a confirmatory factor analysis. The adjusted linear regression models indicated that age was associated with global fractional anisotropy (FA), global mean diffusivity (MD), and almost all the tracts. Further, girls showed lower global MD than boys, while FA values differed by tract, and no age-sex interactions were found. No differences were observed in white matter microstructure between right- and left-handed children. We observed that FA in forceps major was associated with right-hand finger tapping performance. White matter FA in association tracts was only related to motor function before multiple testing correction. Our findings do not provide evidence for a relationship between finger tapping task performance and global white matter microstructure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mónica López-Vicente
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychology, Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands; The Generation R Study Group, Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Sander Lamballais
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Social and Behavioral Science, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Suzanne Louwen
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychology, Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Manon Hillegers
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychology, Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands; The Generation R Study Group, Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Henning Tiemeier
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychology, Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Social and Behavioral Science, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Ryan L Muetzel
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychology, Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Tonya White
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychology, Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
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15
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Wu D, Chang L, Ernst TM, Caffo BS, Oishi K. Developmental score of the infant brain: characterizing diffusion MRI in term- and preterm-born infants. Brain Struct Funct 2020; 225:2431-2445. [PMID: 32804327 DOI: 10.1007/s00429-020-02132-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2020] [Accepted: 08/10/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Large-scale longitudinal neuroimaging studies of the infant brain allow us to map the spatiotemporal development of the brain in its early phase. While the postmenstrual age (PMA) is commonly used as a time index to analyze longitudinal MRI data, the nonlinear relationship between PMA and MRI data imposes challenges for downstream analyses. We propose a mathematical model that provides a Developmental Score (DevS) as a data-driven time index to characterize the brain development based on MRI features. 319 diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) datasets were collected from 87 term-born and 66 preterm-born infants at multiple visits, which were automatically segmented based on the JHU neonatal atlas. The mean diffusivity (MD) and fractional anisotropy (FA) in 126 brain parcels were used in the model to derive DevS. We demonstrate that transforming the time index from PMA to DevS improves the linearity of the longitudinal changes in MD and FA in both gray and white matter structures. More importantly, regional developmental differences in DTI metrics between preterm- and term-born infants were identified more clearly using DevS, e.g. 79 structures showed significantly different regression patterns in MD between preterm- and term-born infants, compared to only 27 structures that showed group differences using PMA as the index. Therefore, the DevS model facilitates linear analyses of DTI metrics in the infant brain, and provides a useful tool to characterize altered brain development due to preterm-birth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan Wu
- Key Laboratory for Biomedical Engineering of Ministry of Education, College of Biomedical Engineering and Instrument Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Linda Chang
- Departments of Diagnostic Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, and Neurology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.,Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Thomas M Ernst
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Brian S Caffo
- Department of Biostatistics, Johns Hopkins University Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Kenichi Oishi
- Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Traylor 217, 720 Rutland Ave, Baltimore, MD, 21215, USA.
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16
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Bledsoe JC, Breiger D, Breiger M, Shonka S, Ermoian RP, Ojemann JG, Werny DM, Leary SES, Geyer JR. Differential trajectories of neurocognitive functioning in females versus males following treatment for pediatric brain tumors. Neuro Oncol 2020; 21:1310-1318. [PMID: 31123753 DOI: 10.1093/neuonc/noz092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Female and male trajectories of cerebellar and lobar brain structures are sexually dimorphic, making sex a potential candidate moderator of neurocognitive late effects from radiation treatment. We sought to evaluate longitudinal neurocognitive functioning in male versus female children treated for posterior fossa brain tumors. METHODS Fifty-one female and 63 male survivors of posterior fossa tumors completed neuropsychological testing at 2 timepoints. We included patients treated with surgical resection, chemotherapy, and radiation therapy. Multilevel mixed modeling was used to predict IQ score as a function of patient sex following treatment (~2 or ~4 years post treatment). Effect sizes were used as a measure of clinical significance. RESULTS Multilevel models resulted in a significant sex by time interaction (F = 6.69, P = 0.011). Females' cognitive scores were considerably higher compared with males at 4 years posttreatment. Females demonstrated an average improvement of 7.61 standard score IQ points compared with a decline of 2.97 points for males at 4 years follow-up. Effect sizes for female IQ compared with male IQ at 4 years posttreatment were between 0.8 and 0.9. CONCLUSION Trajectories of neurocognitive functioning following posterior fossa tumor treatment differed between female and male children. Sexual dimorphism in radiation late effects may alter treatment decisions in children. Research into sex-specific neuroprotective mechanisms underlying neurocognitive development following pediatric brain tumor treatments is warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jesse C Bledsoe
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Medicine, Seattle Children's Hospital and Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, Washington
| | - David Breiger
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Medicine, Seattle Children's Hospital and Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, Washington
| | - Micah Breiger
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Medicine, Seattle Children's Hospital, Seattle, Washington
| | - Sophia Shonka
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Medicine, Seattle Children's Hospital, Seattle, Washington
| | - Ralph P Ermoian
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, Washington
| | - Jeffrey G Ojemann
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Seattle Children's Hospital and Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, Washington
| | - David M Werny
- Department of Endocrinology, Seattle Children's Hospital and Department of Pediatrics, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington
| | - Sarah E S Leary
- Department of Hematology/Oncology, Seattle Children's Hospital and Department of Pediatrics, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington
| | - J Russell Geyer
- Department of Hematology/Oncology, Seattle Children's Hospital and Department of Pediatrics, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington
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17
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Allouh MZ, Al Barbarawi MM, Ali HA, Mustafa AG, Alomari SO. Morphometric Analysis of the Corpus Callosum According to Age and Sex in Middle Eastern Arabs: Racial Comparisons and Clinical Correlations to Autism Spectrum Disorder. Front Syst Neurosci 2020; 14:30. [PMID: 32655379 PMCID: PMC7324941 DOI: 10.3389/fnsys.2020.00030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2020] [Accepted: 05/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
This study sought to examine the influence of age and sex on morphometric measurements of the corpus callosum (CC) within Middle Eastern Arab population, in order to obtain reference data and conduct racial comparisons with previously reported measurements from other ethnicities. Furthermore, it aimed to investigate CC variations that may occur in children with autism. To this end, magnetic resonance images of normal brains were acquired from three different age groups, consisting of children, younger adults, and older adults. Brain images were also acquired from boys with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). The CC length, area, and thickness were measured. The CC length was smaller in children than in the other age groups, but no difference in CC length was found between younger and older adults. The CC area and thickness were greater in younger adults than in children and older adults, and greater in older adults than in children. With regard to sexual dimorphism, the CC area and forebrain volume were larger in male children than in female children. No sex-related differences in CC area or thickness were found in adults. However, the ratio of CC area to the forebrain volume was greater in adult females than in males, owing to the smaller forebrain volume in females. The absolute length of the CC was greater in older adult males than in their female counterparts. In addition, significant differences in CC measurements were found in comparison to measurements obtained from other ethnicities. Lastly, significant reductions in CC area and thickness were found in boys with ASD compared to their neurotypical peers. In conclusion, age and sex significantly influence morphometric measurements of CC in Middle Eastern Arab population. This study points to the presence of racial differences in CC size. Finally, it reveals that children with ASD display a distinct reduction in CC size compared to neurotypical children of the same ethnicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammed Z Allouh
- Department of Anatomy, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates.,Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, Jordan
| | - Mohammed M Al Barbarawi
- Division of Neurosurgery, Department of Neurosciences, Faculty of Medicine, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, Jordan
| | - Heba A Ali
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, Jordan
| | - Ayman G Mustafa
- Basic Medical Science Department, College of Medicine, QU Health, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar
| | - Safwan O Alomari
- Division of Neurosurgery, Department of Neurosciences, Faculty of Medicine, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, Jordan.,Division of Neurosurgery, Department of Surgery, American University of Beirut Medical Center, Beirut, Lebanon
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18
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Blankenship TL, Strong RW, Kibbe MM. Development of multiple object tracking via multifocal attention. Dev Psychol 2020; 56:1684-1695. [PMID: 32614210 DOI: 10.1037/dev0001064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Multifocal attention is the ability to simultaneously attend to multiple objects, and is critical for typical functioning. Although adults are able to use multifocal attention, little is known about the development of this ability. In two experiments, we investigated multifocal attention in 6-8-year-old children and adults using a child-friendly, computerized multiple object tracking task designed to encourage the use of multifocal attention. We also investigated whether multifocal attention in children is deployed independently across left and right hemifields of vision, as in adults. Our results suggest that children's capacity for multifocal attention increases significantly across middle childhood. We also found evidence that at least one signature of hemifield-independent multifocal attention, the bilateral field advantage, can be observed in children. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2020 APA, all rights reserved).
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19
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Danielsen VM, Vidal-Piñeiro D, Mowinckel AM, Sederevicius D, Fjell AM, Walhovd KB, Westerhausen R. Lifespan trajectories of relative corpus callosum thickness: Regional differences and cognitive relevance. Cortex 2020; 130:127-141. [PMID: 32652340 DOI: 10.1016/j.cortex.2020.05.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2019] [Revised: 05/11/2020] [Accepted: 05/25/2020] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
The cerebral hemispheres are specialized for different cognitive functions and receive divergent information from the sensory organs, so that the interaction between the hemispheres is a crucial aspect of perception and cognition. At the same time, the major fiber tract responsible for this interaction, the corpus callosum, shows a structural development across the lifespan which is over-proportional. That is, compared to changes in overall forebrain volume, the corpus callosum shows an accentuated growth during childhood, adolescence, and early adulthood, as well as pronounced decline in older age. However, this over-proportionality of growth and decline along with potential consequences for cognition, have been largely overlooked in empirical research. In the present study we systematically address the proportionality of callosal development in a large mixed cross-sectional and longitudinal sample (1867 datasets from 1014 unique participants), covering the human lifespan (age range 4-93 years), and examine the cognitive consequences of the observed changes. Relative corpus callosum thickness was measured at 60 segments along the midsagittal surface, and lifespan trajectories were clustered to identify callosal subsections of comparable lifespan development. While confirming the expected inverted u-shaped lifespan trajectories, we also found substantial regional variation. Compared with anterior clusters, the most posterior sections exhibited an accentuated growth during development which extends well into the third decade of life, and a protracted decline in older age which is delayed by about 10 years (starting mid to late 50s). We further showed that the observed longitudinal changes in relative thickness of the mid splenium significantly mediates age-related changes in tests assessing verbal knowledge and non-verbal visual-spatial abilities across the lifespan. In summary, we demonstrate that analyzing the proportionality of callosal growth and decline offers valuable insight into lifespan development of structural connectivity between the hemispheres, and suggests consequences for the cognitive development of perception and cognition.
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Affiliation(s)
- V M Danielsen
- Center for Lifespan Changes in Brain and Cognition (LCBC), Department of Psychology, University of Oslo, Norway
| | - D Vidal-Piñeiro
- Center for Lifespan Changes in Brain and Cognition (LCBC), Department of Psychology, University of Oslo, Norway
| | - A M Mowinckel
- Center for Lifespan Changes in Brain and Cognition (LCBC), Department of Psychology, University of Oslo, Norway
| | - D Sederevicius
- Center for Lifespan Changes in Brain and Cognition (LCBC), Department of Psychology, University of Oslo, Norway
| | - A M Fjell
- Center for Lifespan Changes in Brain and Cognition (LCBC), Department of Psychology, University of Oslo, Norway; Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, Norway
| | - K B Walhovd
- Center for Lifespan Changes in Brain and Cognition (LCBC), Department of Psychology, University of Oslo, Norway; Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, Norway
| | - R Westerhausen
- Center for Lifespan Changes in Brain and Cognition (LCBC), Department of Psychology, University of Oslo, Norway.
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20
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Schmied A, Soda T, Gerig G, Styner M, Swanson MR, Elison JT, Shen MD, McKinstry RC, Pruett JR, Botteron KN, Estes AM, Dager SR, Hazlett HC, Schultz RT, Piven J, Wolff JJ. Sex differences associated with corpus callosum development in human infants: A longitudinal multimodal imaging study. Neuroimage 2020; 215:116821. [PMID: 32276067 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2020.116821] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2019] [Revised: 02/21/2020] [Accepted: 03/27/2020] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
The corpus callosum (CC) is the largest connective pathway in the human brain, linking cerebral hemispheres. There is longstanding debate in the scientific literature whether sex differences are evident in this structure, with many studies indicating the structure is larger in females. However, there are few data pertaining to this issue in infancy, during which time the most rapid developmental changes to the CC occur. In this study, we examined longitudinal brain imaging data collected from 104 infants at ages 6, 12, and 24 months. We identified sex differences in brain-size adjusted CC area and thickness characterized by a steeper rate of growth in males versus females from ages 6-24 months. In contrast to studies of older children and adults, CC size was larger for male compared to female infants. Based on diffusion tensor imaging data, we found that CC thickness is significantly associated with underlying microstructural organization. However, we observed no sex differences in the association between microstructure and thickness, suggesting that the role of factors such as axon density and/or myelination in determining CC size is generally equivalent between sexes. Finally, we found that CC length was negatively associated with nonverbal ability among females.
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Affiliation(s)
- Astrid Schmied
- Department of Educational Psychology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Takahiro Soda
- Department of Psychiatry, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Guido Gerig
- Department of Computer Science & Engineering, New York University, New York City, NY, USA
| | - Martin Styner
- Department of Psychiatry, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Meghan R Swanson
- School of Behavioral & Brain Sciences, University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, TX, USA
| | - Jed T Elison
- Institute of Child Development, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Mark D Shen
- Department of Psychiatry, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Robert C McKinstry
- Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - John R Pruett
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Kelly N Botteron
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Annette M Estes
- Department of Speech and Hearing Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Stephen R Dager
- Department of Radiology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Heather C Hazlett
- Department of Psychiatry, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Robert T Schultz
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Joseph Piven
- Department of Psychiatry, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Jason J Wolff
- Department of Educational Psychology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA.
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21
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Simpson LN, Schneble EJ, Griffin ED, Obayashi JT, Setran PA, Ross DA, Pettersson DR, Pollock JM. Morphological changes of the dorsal contour of the corpus callosum during the first two years of life. Pediatr Radiol 2020; 50:543-549. [PMID: 31840188 DOI: 10.1007/s00247-019-04585-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2019] [Revised: 11/06/2019] [Accepted: 11/20/2019] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In the medicolegal literature, focal concavities or notching of the corpus callosum has been thought to be associated with fetal alcohol spectrum disorders. Recent work suggests corpus callosum notching is a dynamic and normal anatomical feature, although it has not yet been defined in early life or infancy. OBJECTIVE Our purpose was to characterize the dorsal contour of the corpus callosum during the first 2 years of life by defining the prevalence, onset and trajectory of notching on midsagittal T1-weighted images. MATERIALS AND METHODS We reviewed retrospectively 1,157 consecutive patients between birth and 2 years of age. Corpus callosum morphology was evaluated and described. A notch was defined as a dorsal concavity of at least 1 mm in depth along the dorsal surface of the corpus callosum. Patient age as well as notch depth, location, number and presence of the pericallosal artery in the notch were noted. RESULTS Two hundred thirty-three notches were identified in 549 patients: 36 anterior, 194 posterior and 3 patients with undulations. A statistically significant (R2=0.53, Beta=0.021, P=0.002) positive correlation between posterior notch prevalence and age in months was noted. A positive correlation between age and depth of the posterior notch was also statistically significant (r=0.32, n=179, P≤0.001). A trend for increased anterior notch prevalence with age was identified with significant correlation between visualized pericallosal artery indentation and anterior notching (r=0.20, n=138, P=0.016). Sub-analysis of the first month of life showed corpus callosum notching was not present. CONCLUSION The presence of posterior notching increased significantly with age and was more frequent than that of anterior notching. Corpus callosum notching was absent in the first week of life, building on prior studies suggesting corpus callosum notching is acquired. This study provides baseline data on normative corpus callosum notching trajectories by age group during early life, a helpful correlate when associating corpus callosum morphology with disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lauren N Simpson
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR, USA
| | - Erika J Schneble
- Department of Radiology, Oregon Health and Science University, 3181 SW Sam Jackson Park Rd., CR 135, Portland, OR, 97239, USA
| | - Elena D Griffin
- Department of Radiology, Oregon Health and Science University, 3181 SW Sam Jackson Park Rd., CR 135, Portland, OR, 97239, USA
| | - James T Obayashi
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR, USA
| | - Phillip A Setran
- Department of Radiology, Oregon Health and Science University, 3181 SW Sam Jackson Park Rd., CR 135, Portland, OR, 97239, USA
| | - Donald A Ross
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR, USA.,Operative Care Division, Portland Veterans Administration Hospital, Portland, OR, USA
| | - David R Pettersson
- Department of Radiology, Oregon Health and Science University, 3181 SW Sam Jackson Park Rd., CR 135, Portland, OR, 97239, USA
| | - Jeffrey M Pollock
- Department of Radiology, Oregon Health and Science University, 3181 SW Sam Jackson Park Rd., CR 135, Portland, OR, 97239, USA.
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22
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Charvet CJ, Das A, Song JW, Tindal-Burgess DJ, Kabaria P, Dai G, Kane T, Takahashi E. High Angular Resolution Diffusion MRI Reveals Conserved and Deviant Programs in the Paths that Guide Human Cortical Circuitry. Cereb Cortex 2020; 30:1447-1464. [PMID: 31667494 PMCID: PMC7132938 DOI: 10.1093/cercor/bhz178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2019] [Revised: 06/13/2019] [Accepted: 07/10/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Diffusion magnetic resonance (MR) tractography represents a novel opportunity to investigate conserved and deviant developmental programs between humans and other species such as mice. To that end, we acquired high angular resolution diffusion MR scans of mice [embryonic day (E) 10.5 to postnatal week 4] and human brains [gestational week (GW) 17-30] at successive stages of fetal development to investigate potential evolutionary changes in radial organization and emerging pathways between humans and mice. We compare radial glial development as well as commissural development (e.g., corpus callosum), primarily because our findings can be integrated with previous work. We also compare corpus callosal growth trajectories across primates (i.e., humans and rhesus macaques) and rodents (i.e., mice). One major finding is that the developing cortex of humans is predominated by pathways likely associated with a radial glial organization at GW 17-20, which is not as evident in age-matched mice (E 16.5, 17.5). Another finding is that, early in development, the corpus callosum follows a similar developmental timetable in primates (i.e., macaques and humans) as in mice. However, the corpus callosum grows for an extended period of time in primates compared with rodents. Taken together, these findings highlight deviant developmental programs underlying the emergence of cortical pathways in the human brain.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Avilash Das
- Medical Sciences in the College of Arts and Sciences, Boston University, Boston, MA 02215, USA
- Division of Newborn Medicine, Department of Medicine, Boston Children’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
- Fetal-Neonatal Brain Imaging and Developmental Science Center, Boston Children’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Jae W Song
- Division of Neuroradiology, Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | | | - Priya Kabaria
- Department of Behavioral Neuroscience, Northeastern University, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Guangping Dai
- Science Center, Wellesley College, Wellesley, MA 02481, USA
| | - Tara Kane
- Department of Behavioral Neuroscience, Northeastern University, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Emi Takahashi
- Division of Newborn Medicine, Department of Medicine, Boston Children’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
- Fetal-Neonatal Brain Imaging and Developmental Science Center, Boston Children’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
- Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA 02129, USA
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23
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Bulgarelli C, de Klerk CCJM, Richards JE, Southgate V, Hamilton A, Blasi A. The developmental trajectory of fronto-temporoparietal connectivity as a proxy of the default mode network: a longitudinal fNIRS investigation. Hum Brain Mapp 2020; 41:2717-2740. [PMID: 32128946 PMCID: PMC7294062 DOI: 10.1002/hbm.24974] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2019] [Revised: 02/12/2020] [Accepted: 02/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The default mode network (DMN) is a network of brain regions that is activated while we are not engaged in any particular task. While there is a large volume of research documenting functional connectivity within the DMN in adults, knowledge of the development of this network is still limited. There is some evidence for a gradual increase in the functional connections within the DMN during the first 2 years of life, in contrast to other functional resting‐state networks that support primary sensorimotor functions, which are online from very early in life. Previous studies that investigated the development of the DMN acquired data from sleeping infants using fMRI. However, sleep stages are known to affect functional connectivity. In the current longitudinal study, fNIRS was used to measure spontaneous fluctuations in connectivity within fronto‐temporoparietal areas—as a proxy for the DMN—in awake participants every 6 months from 11 months till 36 months. This study validates a method for recording resting‐state data from awake infants, and presents a data analysis pipeline for the investigation of functional connections with infant fNIRS data, which will be beneficial for researchers in this field. A gradual development of fronto‐temporoparietal connectivity was found, supporting the idea that the DMN develops over the first years of life. Functional connectivity reached its maximum peak at about 24 months, which is consistent with previous findings showing that, by 2 years of age, DMN connectivity is similar to that observed in adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiara Bulgarelli
- Department of Medical Physics and Biomedical Engineering, University College London, London, UK.,Centre for Brain and Cognitive Development, Birkbeck College, University of London, London, UK
| | - Carina C J M de Klerk
- Centre for Brain and Cognitive Development, Birkbeck College, University of London, London, UK.,Department of Psychology, University of Essex, Colchester, UK
| | - John E Richards
- Institute for Mind and Brain, Department of Psychology, University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina
| | | | - Antonia Hamilton
- Institute of Cognitive Neuroscience, University College London, London, UK
| | - Anna Blasi
- Department of Medical Physics and Biomedical Engineering, University College London, London, UK
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24
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Khundrakpam BS, Lewis JD, Jeon S, Kostopoulos P, Itturia Medina Y, Chouinard-Decorte F, Evans AC. Exploring Individual Brain Variability during Development based on Patterns of Maturational Coupling of Cortical Thickness: A Longitudinal MRI Study. Cereb Cortex 2020; 29:178-188. [PMID: 29228120 DOI: 10.1093/cercor/bhx317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2017] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Structural covariance has recently emerged as a tool to study brain connectivity in health and disease. The main assumption behind the phenomenon of structural covariance is that changes in brain structure during development occur in a coordinated fashion. However, no study has yet explored the correlation of structural brain changes within individuals across development. Here, we used longitudinal magnetic resonance imaging scans from 141 normally developing children and adolescents (scanned 3 times) to introduce a novel subject-based maturational coupling approach. For each subject, maturational coupling was defined as similarity in the trajectory of cortical thickness (across the time points) between any two cortical regions. Our approach largely captured features seen in population-based structural covariance, and confirmed strong maturational coupling between homologous and near-neighbor cortical regions. Stronger maturational coupling among several homologous regions was observed for females compared to males, possibly indicating greater interhemispheric connectivity in females. Developmental changes in maturational coupling within the default-mode network (DMN) aligned with developmental changes in structural and functional DMN connectivity. Our findings indicate that patterns of maturational coupling within individuals may provide mechanistic explanation for the phenomenon of structural covariance, and allow investigation of individual brain variability with respect to cognition and disease vulnerability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Budhachandra S Khundrakpam
- McGill Centre for Integrative Neuroscience, Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.,Ludmer Centre for NeuroInformatics and Mental Health, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - John D Lewis
- McGill Centre for Integrative Neuroscience, Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.,Ludmer Centre for NeuroInformatics and Mental Health, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Seun Jeon
- McGill Centre for Integrative Neuroscience, Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.,Ludmer Centre for NeuroInformatics and Mental Health, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Penelope Kostopoulos
- McGill Centre for Integrative Neuroscience, Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.,Ludmer Centre for NeuroInformatics and Mental Health, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Yasser Itturia Medina
- McGill Centre for Integrative Neuroscience, Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.,Ludmer Centre for NeuroInformatics and Mental Health, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - François Chouinard-Decorte
- McGill Centre for Integrative Neuroscience, Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.,Ludmer Centre for NeuroInformatics and Mental Health, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Alan C Evans
- McGill Centre for Integrative Neuroscience, Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.,Ludmer Centre for NeuroInformatics and Mental Health, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
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25
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Wang P, Meng C, Yuan R, Wang J, Yang H, Zhang T, Zaborszky L, Alvarez TL, Liao W, Luo C, Chen H, Biswal BB. The Organization of the Human Corpus Callosum Estimated by Intrinsic Functional Connectivity with White-Matter Functional Networks. Cereb Cortex 2020; 30:3313-3324. [PMID: 32080708 DOI: 10.1093/cercor/bhz311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
The corpus callosum is the commissural bridge of white-matter bundles important for the human brain functions. Previous studies have analyzed the structural links between cortical gray-matter networks and subregions of corpus callosum. While meaningful white-matter functional networks (WM-FNs) were recently reported, how these networks functionally link with distinct subregions of corpus callosum remained unknown. The current study used resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging of the Human Connectome Project test–retest data to identify 10 cerebral WM-FNs in 119 healthy subjects and then parcellated the corpus callosum into distinct subregions based on the functional connectivity between each callosal voxel and above networks. Our results demonstrated the reproducible identification of WM-FNs and their links with known gray-matter functional networks across two runs. Furthermore, we identified reliably parcellated subregions of the corpus callosum, which might be involved in primary and higher order functional systems by functionally connecting with WM-FNs. The current study extended our knowledge about the white-matter functional signals to the intrinsic functional organization of human corpus callosum, which could help researchers understand the neural substrates underlying normal interhemispheric functional connectivity as well as dysfunctions in various mental disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pan Wang
- The Clinical Hospital of Chengdu Brain Science Institute, MOE Key Laboratory for Neuroinformation, Center for Information in Medicine, School of Life Science and Technology, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 611731, China
| | - Chun Meng
- The Clinical Hospital of Chengdu Brain Science Institute, MOE Key Laboratory for Neuroinformation, Center for Information in Medicine, School of Life Science and Technology, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 611731, China
| | - Rui Yuan
- Department of Psychiatry, Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA 94305, USA
| | - Jianlin Wang
- The Clinical Hospital of Chengdu Brain Science Institute, MOE Key Laboratory for Neuroinformation, Center for Information in Medicine, School of Life Science and Technology, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 611731, China
| | - Hang Yang
- The Clinical Hospital of Chengdu Brain Science Institute, MOE Key Laboratory for Neuroinformation, Center for Information in Medicine, School of Life Science and Technology, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 611731, China
| | - Tao Zhang
- The Clinical Hospital of Chengdu Brain Science Institute, MOE Key Laboratory for Neuroinformation, Center for Information in Medicine, School of Life Science and Technology, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 611731, China
| | - Laszlo Zaborszky
- Center for Molecular and Behavioral Neuroscience, Rutgers University, Newark, NJ 07102, USA
| | - Tara L Alvarez
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, New Jersey Institute of Technology, Newark, NJ 07102, USA
| | - Wei Liao
- The Clinical Hospital of Chengdu Brain Science Institute, MOE Key Laboratory for Neuroinformation, Center for Information in Medicine, School of Life Science and Technology, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 611731, China
| | - Cheng Luo
- The Clinical Hospital of Chengdu Brain Science Institute, MOE Key Laboratory for Neuroinformation, Center for Information in Medicine, School of Life Science and Technology, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 611731, China
| | - Huafu Chen
- The Clinical Hospital of Chengdu Brain Science Institute, MOE Key Laboratory for Neuroinformation, Center for Information in Medicine, School of Life Science and Technology, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 611731, China
| | - Bharat B Biswal
- The Clinical Hospital of Chengdu Brain Science Institute, MOE Key Laboratory for Neuroinformation, Center for Information in Medicine, School of Life Science and Technology, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 611731, China
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, New Jersey Institute of Technology, Newark, NJ 07102, USA
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26
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Arda KN, Akay S. The Relationship between Corpus Callosum Morphometric Measurements and Age/Gender Characteristics: A Comprehensive MR Imaging Study. J Clin Imaging Sci 2019; 9:33. [PMID: 31538031 PMCID: PMC6737445 DOI: 10.25259/jcis-13-2019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2019] [Accepted: 06/09/2019] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective The objective of the study was to examine a possible relationship between morphometric corpus callosum (CC) measurements, age, and gender characteristics using MR images. Materials and Methods The medical data and MR examinations of 436 consecutive subjects were retrospectively reviewed. The CC thickness from five different sites, and additionally splenium length, height, and total length of the CC, and the splenium index (SI) were measured with a mid-sagittal T1-weighted sequence. Those measurements were compared with age and gender characteristics. Results A weak but statistically significant negative correlation was found between age and thicknesses of genu and all body portions of CC (P = ≤0.001 for all, r = -0.32 for genu, r = -0.317 for B1, r = -0.328 for B2, r = -0.328 for B2, and r = -0.194 for B3 and B4). There was a weak but statistically significant positive correlation between age and the lengths of CC and splenium (P ≤ 0.022 for both, r = 0.112 for CC length and r = 0.11 for splenium length). The second part of the body (B2) was thicker in females (P = 0.014). On the other hand, the CC and splenium lengths were greater in males compared to females (P = 0.029 for both). Conclusion We designed a comprehensive MRI study to investigate a possible relationship between normal morphometric CC measurements in 436 healthy subjects. We preferred splenium length and SI as the main splenium measurements instead of direct splenium thickness, due to discrepancies regarding splenium measurement methods in the medical literature. There was a wide spectrum of results, and we compared those results with existing medical literature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kemal Niyazi Arda
- Department of Radiology, University of Health Sciences, Gulhane Training and Research Hospital, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Sinan Akay
- Department of Radiology, University of Health Sciences, Gulhane Training and Research Hospital, Ankara, Turkey
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27
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Howell BR, Ahn M, Shi Y, Godfrey JR, Hu X, Zhu H, Styner M, Sanchez MM. Disentangling the effects of early caregiving experience and heritable factors on brain white matter development in rhesus monkeys. Neuroimage 2019; 197:625-642. [PMID: 30978495 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2019.04.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2018] [Revised: 03/30/2019] [Accepted: 04/03/2019] [Indexed: 10/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Early social experiences, particularly maternal care, shape behavioral and physiological development in primates. Thus, it is not surprising that adverse caregiving, such as child maltreatment leads to a vast array of poor developmental outcomes, including increased risk for psychopathology across the lifespan. Studies of the underlying neurobiology of this risk have identified structural and functional alterations in cortico-limbic brain circuits that seem particularly sensitive to these early adverse experiences and are associated with anxiety and affective disorders. However, it is not understood how these neurobiological alterations unfold during development as it is very difficult to study these early phases in humans, where the effects of maltreatment experience cannot be disentangled from heritable traits. The current study examined the specific effects of experience ("nurture") versus heritable factors ("nature") on the development of brain white matter (WM) tracts with putative roles in socioemotional behavior in primates from birth through the juvenile period. For this we used a randomized crossfostering experimental design in a naturalistic rhesus monkey model of infant maltreatment, where infant monkeys were randomly assigned at birth to either a mother with a history of maltreating her infants, or a competent mother. Using a longitudinal diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) atlas-based tract-profile approach we identified widespread, but also specific, maturational changes on major brain tracts, as well as alterations in a measure of WM integrity (fractional anisotropy, FA) in the middle longitudinal fasciculus (MdLF) and the inferior longitudinal fasciculus (ILF), of maltreated animals, suggesting decreased structural integrity in these tracts due to early adverse experience. Exploratory voxelwise analyses confirmed the tract-based approach, finding additional effects of early adversity, biological mother, social dominance rank, and sex in other WM tracts. These results suggest tract-specific effects of postnatal maternal care experience versus heritable or biological factors on primate WM microstructural development. Further studies are needed to determine the specific behavioral outcomes and biological mechanisms associated with these alterations in WM integrity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brittany R Howell
- Department of Psychiatry & Behavioral Sciences, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA; Yerkes National Primate Research Center, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA; Institute of Child Development, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA.
| | - Mihye Ahn
- Department of Mathematics and Statistics, University of Nevada, Reno, NV, USA; Department of Biostatistics and Biomedical Research Imaging Center, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Yundi Shi
- Department. of Psychiatry and Computer Science, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Jodi R Godfrey
- Yerkes National Primate Research Center, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Xiaoping Hu
- Biomedical Imaging Technology Center, Emory University and Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Hongtu Zhu
- Department of Biostatistics and Biomedical Research Imaging Center, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Martin Styner
- Department. of Psychiatry and Computer Science, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Mar M Sanchez
- Department of Psychiatry & Behavioral Sciences, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA; Yerkes National Primate Research Center, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
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28
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Bai Y, Copeland WE, Adams Z, Lerner M, King JA, Szopinski S, Devadanam V, Rettew J, Hudziak J. The University of Vermont Wellness Environment: Feasibility and Initial Results of a College Undergraduate Health-Promoting Program. Child Adolesc Psychiatr Clin N Am 2019; 28:247-265. [PMID: 30832956 DOI: 10.1016/j.chc.2018.11.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
The University of Vermont Wellness Environment program is a neuroscience-inspired, incentive-based behavioral change program designed to improve health and academic outcomes in college-age students. The program uses health promotion and illness prevention delivered in classrooms, residential halls, and via a customized App that incentivizes healthy behaviors and monitors the use of health-promoting activities. This article presents feasibility data on participation of college students in ongoing data collection about key outcomes related to health and well-being. The data collection component were easily implemented in college students and yielded high-quality data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Bai
- Department of Rehabilitation and Movement Science, University of Vermont, Rowell 305, Burlington, VT 05401, USA
| | - William E Copeland
- Division of Child Psychiatry, Department of Psychiatry, Vermont Center for Children, Youth, and Families, University of Vermont, UHC St Joseph 3210A, 1 South Prospect Street, Burlington, VT 05401, USA
| | - Zoe Adams
- Division of Child Psychiatry, Department Psychiatry, Vermont Center for Children, Youth, and Families, University of Vermont, 1 South Prospect Street, Room 3213, Burlington, VT 05401, USA
| | - Matthew Lerner
- Division of Child Psychiatry, Department Psychiatry, Vermont Center for Children, Youth, and Families, University of Vermont, 1 South Prospect Street, Room 3213, Burlington, VT 05401, USA
| | - Jessica A King
- Division of Child Psychiatry, Department Psychiatry, Vermont Center for Children, Youth, and Families, University of Vermont, 1 South Prospect Street, Room 3213, Burlington, VT 05401, USA
| | - Steve Szopinski
- Division of Student Affairs, University of Vermont, 1 South Prospect Street, Burlington, VT 05401, USA
| | - Vinay Devadanam
- Division of Student Affairs, University of Vermont, 1 South Prospect Street, Burlington, VT 05401, USA
| | - Jeff Rettew
- Division of Student Affairs, University of Vermont, 1 South Prospect Street, Burlington, VT 05401, USA
| | - Jim Hudziak
- Division of Child Psychiatry, Department of Psychiatry, Vermont Center for Children, Youth, and Families, University of Vermont, 1 South Prospect Street, Burlington, VT 05401, USA.
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29
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Aylwin CF, Toro CA, Shirtcliff E, Lomniczi A. Emerging Genetic and Epigenetic Mechanisms Underlying Pubertal Maturation in Adolescence. JOURNAL OF RESEARCH ON ADOLESCENCE : THE OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF THE SOCIETY FOR RESEARCH ON ADOLESCENCE 2019; 29:54-79. [PMID: 30869843 DOI: 10.1111/jora.12385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The adolescent transition begins with the onset of puberty which, upstream in the brain, is initiated by the gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) pulse generator that activates the release of peripheral sex hormones. Substantial research in human and animal models has revealed a myriad of cellular networks and heritable genes that control the GnRH pulse generator allowing the individual to begin the process of reproductive competence and sexual maturation. Here, we review the latest knowledge in neuroendocrine pubertal research with emphasis on genetic and epigenetic mechanisms underlying the pubertal transition.
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Ernst M, Benson B, Artiges E, Gorka AX, Lemaitre H, Lago T, Miranda R, Banaschewski T, Bokde ALW, Bromberg U, Brühl R, Büchel C, Cattrell A, Conrod P, Desrivières S, Fadai T, Flor H, Grigis A, Gallinat J, Garavan H, Gowland P, Grimmer Y, Heinz A, Kappel V, Nees F, Papadopoulos-Orfanos D, Penttilä J, Poustka L, Smolka MN, Stringaris A, Struve M, van Noort BM, Walter H, Whelan R, Schumann G, Grillon C, Martinot MLP, Martinot JL. Pubertal maturation and sex effects on the default-mode network connectivity implicated in mood dysregulation. Transl Psychiatry 2019; 9:103. [PMID: 30804326 PMCID: PMC6389927 DOI: 10.1038/s41398-019-0433-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2018] [Revised: 10/11/2018] [Accepted: 01/01/2019] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
This study examines the effects of puberty and sex on the intrinsic functional connectivity (iFC) of brain networks, with a focus on the default-mode network (DMN). Consistently implicated in depressive disorders, the DMN's function may interact with puberty and sex in the development of these disorders, whose onsets peak in adolescence, and which show strong sex disproportionality (females > males). The main question concerns how the DMN evolves with puberty as a function of sex. These effects are expected to involve within- and between-network iFC, particularly, the salience and the central-executive networks, consistent with the Triple-Network Model. Resting-state scans of an adolescent community sample (n = 304, male/female: 157/147; mean/std age: 14.6/0.41 years), from the IMAGEN database, were analyzed using the AFNI software suite and a data reduction strategy for the effects of puberty and sex. Three midline regions (medial prefrontal, pregenual anterior cingulate, and posterior cingulate), within the DMN and consistently implicated in mood disorders, were selected as seeds. Within- and between-network clusters of the DMN iFC changed with pubertal maturation differently in boys and girls (puberty-X-sex). Specifically, pubertal maturation predicted weaker iFC in girls and stronger iFC in boys. Finally, iFC was stronger in boys than girls independently of puberty. Brain-behavior associations indicated that lower connectivity of the anterior cingulate seed predicted higher internalizing symptoms at 2-year follow-up. In conclusion, weaker iFC of the anterior DMN may signal disconnections among circuits supporting mood regulation, conferring risk for internalizing disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Eric Artiges
- INSERM, UMR 1000, Research unit "Neuroimaging and Psychiatry", DIGITEO Labs, University Paris-Saclay, and University Paris Descartes, Gif sur Yvette, France
- INSERM, UMR 1000, Faculté de médecine, University Paris-Saclay, DIGITEO Labs, Gif sur Yvette, France
- University Paris Descartes, Paris, France
- Center for Neuroimaging Research (CENIR), Brain & Spine Institute, Paris, France
- Psychiatry Department 91G16, Orsay Hospital, Paris, France
| | | | - Herve Lemaitre
- INSERM, UMR 1000, Research unit "Neuroimaging and Psychiatry", DIGITEO Labs, University Paris-Saclay, and University Paris Descartes, Gif sur Yvette, France
- INSERM, UMR 1000, Faculté de médecine, University Paris-Saclay, DIGITEO Labs, Gif sur Yvette, France
| | | | - Ruben Miranda
- INSERM, UMR 1000, Research unit "Neuroimaging and Psychiatry", DIGITEO Labs, University Paris-Saclay, and University Paris Descartes, Gif sur Yvette, France
| | - Tobias Banaschewski
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Arun L W Bokde
- Discipline of Psychiatry, School of Medicine and Trinity College Institute of Neurosciences, Trinity College, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Uli Bromberg
- University Medical Centre Hamburg-Eppendorf, House W34, 3.OG, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Rüdiger Brühl
- Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt, Abbestr. 2 - 12, Berlin, Germany
| | - Christian Büchel
- University Medical Centre Hamburg-Eppendorf, House W34, 3.OG, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Anna Cattrell
- Medical Research Council - Social, Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Patricia Conrod
- Department of Psychological Medicine and Psychiatry, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
- Department of Psychiatry, Université de Montréal, CHU Ste Justine Hospital, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Sylvane Desrivières
- Medical Research Council - Social, Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Tahmine Fadai
- University Medical Centre Hamburg-Eppendorf, House W34, 3.OG, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Herta Flor
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
- Department of Psychology, School of Social Sciences, University of Mannheim, 68131, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Antoine Grigis
- Neurospin, Commissariat à l'Energie Atomique, CEA-Saclay Center, Saclay, France
| | - Juergen Gallinat
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistr. 52, 20246, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Hugh Garavan
- Departments of Psychiatry and Psychology, University of Vermont, 05405, Burlington, VT, USA
| | - Penny Gowland
- Sir Peter Mansfield Imaging Centre School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Nottingham, University Park, Nottingham, United Kingdom
| | - Yvonne Grimmer
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Andreas Heinz
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Campus CharitéMitte, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Charitéplatz 1, Berlin, Germany
| | - Viola Kappel
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, Campus CharitéMitte, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Charitéplatz 1, Berlin, Germany
| | - Frauke Nees
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
- Department of Psychology, School of Social Sciences, University of Mannheim, 68131, Mannheim, Germany
| | | | - Jani Penttilä
- Department of Social and Health Care, Psychosocial Services Adolescent Outpatient Clinic, University of Tampere, Kauppakatu 14, Lahti, Finland
| | - Luise Poustka
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Michael N Smolka
- Department of Psychiatry and Neuroimaging Center, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Argyris Stringaris
- NIMH/NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Maren Struve
- Department of Psychology, University College, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Betteke M van Noort
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, Campus CharitéMitte, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Charitéplatz 1, Berlin, Germany
| | - Henrik Walter
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Campus CharitéMitte, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Charitéplatz 1, Berlin, Germany
| | - Robert Whelan
- Department of Psychology, University College, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Gunter Schumann
- Medical Research Council - Social, Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | | | - Marie-Laure Paillère Martinot
- INSERM, UMR 1000, Research unit "Neuroimaging and Psychiatry", DIGITEO Labs, University Paris-Saclay, and University Paris Descartes, Gif sur Yvette, France
- University Paris Descartes, Paris, France
- AP-HP, Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, Paris, France
- Sorbonne Universités, Paris, France
| | - Jean-Luc Martinot
- INSERM, UMR 1000, Research unit "Neuroimaging and Psychiatry", DIGITEO Labs, University Paris-Saclay, and University Paris Descartes, Gif sur Yvette, France
- INSERM, UMR 1000, Faculté de médecine, University Paris-Saclay, DIGITEO Labs, Gif sur Yvette, France
- University Paris Descartes, Paris, France
- Center for Neuroimaging Research (CENIR), Brain & Spine Institute, Paris, France
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Knezović V, Kasprian G, Štajduhar A, Schwartz E, Weber M, Gruber GM, Brugger PC, Prayer D, Vukšić M. Underdevelopment of the Human Hippocampus in Callosal Agenesis: An In Vivo Fetal MRI Study. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol 2019; 40:576-581. [PMID: 30792247 DOI: 10.3174/ajnr.a5986] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2018] [Accepted: 01/14/2019] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE In subjects with agenesis of the corpus callosum, a variety of structural brain alterations is already present during prenatal life. Quantification of these alterations in fetuses with associated brain or body malformations (corpus callosum agenesis and other related anomalies) and so-called isolated cases may help to optimize the challenging prognostic prenatal assessment of fetuses with corpus callosum agenesis. This fetal MR imaging study aimed to identify differences in the size of the prenatal hippocampus between subjects with isolated corpus callosum agenesis, corpus callosum agenesis and other related anomalies, and healthy controls. MATERIALS AND METHODS Eighty-five in utero fetal brain MR imaging scans, (20-35 gestational weeks) were postprocessed using a high-resolution algorithm. On the basis of multiplanar T2-TSE sequences, 3D isovoxel datasets were generated, and both hippocampi and the intracranial volume were segmented. RESULTS Hippocampal volumes increased linearly with gestational weeks in all 3 groups. One-way ANOVA demonstrated differences in hippocampal volumes between control and pathologic groups (isolated corpus callosum agenesis: left, P = .02; right, P = .04; corpus callosum agenesis and other related anomalies: P < .001). Differences among the pathologic groups were also present for both sides. Intracranial volume and right and left hippocampal volume ratios were different between corpus callosum agenesis cases and controls (P < .001). When we corrected for intracranial volume, no differences were found between corpus callosum agenesis and other associated anomalies and isolated corpus callosum agenesis (left, P = .77; right, P = .84). Hippocampal size differences were more pronounced at a later gestational age. CONCLUSIONS Callosal agenesis apparently interferes with the normal process of hippocampal formation and growth, resulting in underdevelopment, which could account for certain learning and memory deficits in individuals with agenesis of the corpus callosum in later life.
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Affiliation(s)
- V Knezović
- From the Croatian Institute for Brain Research (V.K., A.Š., M.V.), School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - G Kasprian
- Department of Biomedical Imaging and Image-Guided Therapy (G.K., E.S., M.W., D.P.)
| | - A Štajduhar
- From the Croatian Institute for Brain Research (V.K., A.Š., M.V.), School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - E Schwartz
- Department of Biomedical Imaging and Image-Guided Therapy (G.K., E.S., M.W., D.P.)
| | - M Weber
- Department of Biomedical Imaging and Image-Guided Therapy (G.K., E.S., M.W., D.P.)
| | - G M Gruber
- Division of Anatomy (G.M.G., P.C.B.), Centre for Anatomy and Cell Biology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - P C Brugger
- Division of Anatomy (G.M.G., P.C.B.), Centre for Anatomy and Cell Biology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - D Prayer
- Department of Biomedical Imaging and Image-Guided Therapy (G.K., E.S., M.W., D.P.)
| | - M Vukšić
- From the Croatian Institute for Brain Research (V.K., A.Š., M.V.), School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
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Scott KM. Split-Brain Babies? Differences in Representation of Bilaterally and Unilaterally Presented Visual Stimuli in Infancy. Front Psychol 2019; 9:2758. [PMID: 30778325 PMCID: PMC6369161 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2018.02758] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2018] [Accepted: 12/20/2018] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Information needed for perception and action is often distributed across the two hemispheres of the human brain. During development, representations lateralized due to topographic sensory maps may be available independently before they can be integrated across hemispheres. These studies (total N = 211) investigate visual interhemispheric integration in two domains in infancy. In Experiment 1, infants (8-14 months) showed stronger evidence of representing the equality of two shapes when the shapes were presented in the same visual hemifield. In Experiments 2-4, infants (10-19 months) showed evidence of greater familiarization when shown 16 dots in one hemifield than when shown 8 dots in each hemifield. The possibility that interhemispheric integration poses an unusually late-resolved challenge in infant vision is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kimberly M. Scott
- Early Childhood Cognition Lab, Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, United States
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33
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Huber E, Henriques RN, Owen JP, Rokem A, Yeatman JD. Applying microstructural models to understand the role of white matter in cognitive development. Dev Cogn Neurosci 2019; 36:100624. [PMID: 30927705 PMCID: PMC6969248 DOI: 10.1016/j.dcn.2019.100624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2018] [Revised: 12/18/2018] [Accepted: 01/29/2019] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Diffusion MRI (dMRI) holds great promise for illuminating the biological changes that underpin cognitive development. The diffusion of water molecules probes the cellular structure of brain tissue, and biophysical modeling of the diffusion signal can be used to make inferences about specific tissue properties that vary over development or predict cognitive performance. However, applying these models to study development requires that the parameters can be reliably estimated given the constraints of data collection with children. Here we collect repeated scans using a typical multi-shell diffusion MRI protocol in a group of children (ages 7-12) and use two popular modeling techniques to examine individual differences in white matter structure. We first assess scan-rescan reliability of model parameters and show that axon water faction can be reliably estimated from a relatively fast acquisition, without applying spatial smoothing or de-noising. We then investigate developmental changes in the white matter, and individual differences that correlate with reading skill. Specifically, we test the hypothesis that previously reported correlations between reading skill and diffusion anisotropy in the corpus callosum reflect increased axon water fraction in poor readers. Both models support this interpretation, highlighting the utility of these approaches for testing specific hypotheses about cognitive development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth Huber
- Institute for Learning & Brain Sciences and Department of Speech and Hearing Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98195, United States.
| | - Rafael Neto Henriques
- Champalimaud Neuroscience Programme, Champalimaud Centre for the Unknown, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Julia P Owen
- Department of Radiology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98195, United States
| | - Ariel Rokem
- eScience Institute, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98195, United States
| | - Jason D Yeatman
- Institute for Learning & Brain Sciences and Department of Speech and Hearing Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98195, United States
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34
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Yang C, Li L, Hu X, Luo Q, Kuang W, Lui S, Huang X, Dai J, He M, Kemp GJ, Sweeney JA, Gong Q. Psychoradiologic abnormalities of white matter in patients with bipolar disorder: diffusion tensor imaging studies using tract-based spatial statistics. J Psychiatry Neurosci 2019; 44:32-44. [PMID: 30565904 PMCID: PMC6306286 DOI: 10.1503/jpn.170221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND An increasing number of psychoradiology studies that use tract-based spatial statistics (TBSS) of diffusion tensor imaging have reported abnormalities of white matter in patients with bipolar disorder; however, robust conclusions have proven elusive, especially considering some important clinical and demographic factors. In the present study, we performed a quantitative meta-analysis of TBSS studies to elucidate the most consistent white-matter abnormalities in patients with bipolar disorder. METHODS We conducted a systematic search up to May 2017 for all TBSS studies comparing fractional anisotropy (FA) between patients with bipolar disorder and healthy controls. We performed anisotropic effect size–signed differential mapping meta-analysis. RESULTS We identified a total of 22 data sets including 556 patients with bipolar disorder and 623 healthy controls. We found significant FA reductions in the genu and body of the corpus callosum in patients with bipolar disorder relative to healthy controls. No regions of increased FA were reported. In subgroup analyses, the FA reduction in the genu of the corpus callosum retained significance in patients with bipolar disorder type I, and the FA reduction in the body of the corpus callosum retained significance in euthymic patients with bipolar disorder. Meta-regression analysis revealed that the percentage of female patients was negatively correlated with reduced FA in the body of the corpus callosum. LIMITATIONS Data acquisition, patient characteristics and clinical variables in the included studies were heterogeneous. The small number of diffusion tensor imaging studies using TBSS in patients with bipolar disorder type II, as well as the lack of other clinical information, hindered the application of subgroup meta-analyses. CONCLUSION Our study consistently identified decreased FA in the genu and body of the corpus callosum, suggesting that interhemispheric communication may be the connectivity most affected in patients with bipolar disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng Yang
- From the Huaxi MR Research Center (HMRRC), Department of Radiology, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, China (Yang, Li, Hu, Luo, Lui, Huang, Sweeney, Gong); the Department of Psychiatry, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, China (Kuang); the Department of Psychoradiology, Chengdu Mental Health Center, China (Kuang, Dai, He); the Liverpool Magnetic Resonance Imaging Centre (LiMRIC) and Institute of Ageing and Chronic Disease, University of Liverpool, United Kingdom (Kemp); the Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neuroscience, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio, United States (Sweeney); and the Department of Psychology, School of Public Administration, Sichuan University, China (Gong)
| | - Lei Li
- From the Huaxi MR Research Center (HMRRC), Department of Radiology, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, China (Yang, Li, Hu, Luo, Lui, Huang, Sweeney, Gong); the Department of Psychiatry, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, China (Kuang); the Department of Psychoradiology, Chengdu Mental Health Center, China (Kuang, Dai, He); the Liverpool Magnetic Resonance Imaging Centre (LiMRIC) and Institute of Ageing and Chronic Disease, University of Liverpool, United Kingdom (Kemp); the Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neuroscience, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio, United States (Sweeney); and the Department of Psychology, School of Public Administration, Sichuan University, China (Gong)
| | - Xinyu Hu
- From the Huaxi MR Research Center (HMRRC), Department of Radiology, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, China (Yang, Li, Hu, Luo, Lui, Huang, Sweeney, Gong); the Department of Psychiatry, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, China (Kuang); the Department of Psychoradiology, Chengdu Mental Health Center, China (Kuang, Dai, He); the Liverpool Magnetic Resonance Imaging Centre (LiMRIC) and Institute of Ageing and Chronic Disease, University of Liverpool, United Kingdom (Kemp); the Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neuroscience, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio, United States (Sweeney); and the Department of Psychology, School of Public Administration, Sichuan University, China (Gong)
| | - Qiang Luo
- From the Huaxi MR Research Center (HMRRC), Department of Radiology, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, China (Yang, Li, Hu, Luo, Lui, Huang, Sweeney, Gong); the Department of Psychiatry, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, China (Kuang); the Department of Psychoradiology, Chengdu Mental Health Center, China (Kuang, Dai, He); the Liverpool Magnetic Resonance Imaging Centre (LiMRIC) and Institute of Ageing and Chronic Disease, University of Liverpool, United Kingdom (Kemp); the Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neuroscience, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio, United States (Sweeney); and the Department of Psychology, School of Public Administration, Sichuan University, China (Gong)
| | - Weihong Kuang
- From the Huaxi MR Research Center (HMRRC), Department of Radiology, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, China (Yang, Li, Hu, Luo, Lui, Huang, Sweeney, Gong); the Department of Psychiatry, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, China (Kuang); the Department of Psychoradiology, Chengdu Mental Health Center, China (Kuang, Dai, He); the Liverpool Magnetic Resonance Imaging Centre (LiMRIC) and Institute of Ageing and Chronic Disease, University of Liverpool, United Kingdom (Kemp); the Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neuroscience, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio, United States (Sweeney); and the Department of Psychology, School of Public Administration, Sichuan University, China (Gong)
| | - Su Lui
- From the Huaxi MR Research Center (HMRRC), Department of Radiology, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, China (Yang, Li, Hu, Luo, Lui, Huang, Sweeney, Gong); the Department of Psychiatry, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, China (Kuang); the Department of Psychoradiology, Chengdu Mental Health Center, China (Kuang, Dai, He); the Liverpool Magnetic Resonance Imaging Centre (LiMRIC) and Institute of Ageing and Chronic Disease, University of Liverpool, United Kingdom (Kemp); the Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neuroscience, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio, United States (Sweeney); and the Department of Psychology, School of Public Administration, Sichuan University, China (Gong)
| | - Xiaoqi Huang
- From the Huaxi MR Research Center (HMRRC), Department of Radiology, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, China (Yang, Li, Hu, Luo, Lui, Huang, Sweeney, Gong); the Department of Psychiatry, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, China (Kuang); the Department of Psychoradiology, Chengdu Mental Health Center, China (Kuang, Dai, He); the Liverpool Magnetic Resonance Imaging Centre (LiMRIC) and Institute of Ageing and Chronic Disease, University of Liverpool, United Kingdom (Kemp); the Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neuroscience, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio, United States (Sweeney); and the Department of Psychology, School of Public Administration, Sichuan University, China (Gong)
| | - Jing Dai
- From the Huaxi MR Research Center (HMRRC), Department of Radiology, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, China (Yang, Li, Hu, Luo, Lui, Huang, Sweeney, Gong); the Department of Psychiatry, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, China (Kuang); the Department of Psychoradiology, Chengdu Mental Health Center, China (Kuang, Dai, He); the Liverpool Magnetic Resonance Imaging Centre (LiMRIC) and Institute of Ageing and Chronic Disease, University of Liverpool, United Kingdom (Kemp); the Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neuroscience, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio, United States (Sweeney); and the Department of Psychology, School of Public Administration, Sichuan University, China (Gong)
| | - Manxi He
- From the Huaxi MR Research Center (HMRRC), Department of Radiology, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, China (Yang, Li, Hu, Luo, Lui, Huang, Sweeney, Gong); the Department of Psychiatry, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, China (Kuang); the Department of Psychoradiology, Chengdu Mental Health Center, China (Kuang, Dai, He); the Liverpool Magnetic Resonance Imaging Centre (LiMRIC) and Institute of Ageing and Chronic Disease, University of Liverpool, United Kingdom (Kemp); the Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neuroscience, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio, United States (Sweeney); and the Department of Psychology, School of Public Administration, Sichuan University, China (Gong)
| | - Graham J. Kemp
- From the Huaxi MR Research Center (HMRRC), Department of Radiology, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, China (Yang, Li, Hu, Luo, Lui, Huang, Sweeney, Gong); the Department of Psychiatry, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, China (Kuang); the Department of Psychoradiology, Chengdu Mental Health Center, China (Kuang, Dai, He); the Liverpool Magnetic Resonance Imaging Centre (LiMRIC) and Institute of Ageing and Chronic Disease, University of Liverpool, United Kingdom (Kemp); the Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neuroscience, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio, United States (Sweeney); and the Department of Psychology, School of Public Administration, Sichuan University, China (Gong)
| | - John A Sweeney
- From the Huaxi MR Research Center (HMRRC), Department of Radiology, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, China (Yang, Li, Hu, Luo, Lui, Huang, Sweeney, Gong); the Department of Psychiatry, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, China (Kuang); the Department of Psychoradiology, Chengdu Mental Health Center, China (Kuang, Dai, He); the Liverpool Magnetic Resonance Imaging Centre (LiMRIC) and Institute of Ageing and Chronic Disease, University of Liverpool, United Kingdom (Kemp); the Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neuroscience, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio, United States (Sweeney); and the Department of Psychology, School of Public Administration, Sichuan University, China (Gong)
| | - Qiyong Gong
- From the Huaxi MR Research Center (HMRRC), Department of Radiology, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, China (Yang, Li, Hu, Luo, Lui, Huang, Sweeney, Gong); the Department of Psychiatry, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, China (Kuang); the Department of Psychoradiology, Chengdu Mental Health Center, China (Kuang, Dai, He); the Liverpool Magnetic Resonance Imaging Centre (LiMRIC) and Institute of Ageing and Chronic Disease, University of Liverpool, United Kingdom (Kemp); the Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neuroscience, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio, United States (Sweeney); and the Department of Psychology, School of Public Administration, Sichuan University, China (Gong)
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35
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Weak proactive cognitive/motor brain control accounts for poor children’s behavioral performance in speeded discrimination tasks. Biol Psychol 2018; 138:211-222. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biopsycho.2018.08.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2017] [Revised: 07/09/2018] [Accepted: 08/16/2018] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Etchell A, Adhikari A, Weinberg LS, Choo AL, Garnett EO, Chow HM, Chang SE. A systematic literature review of sex differences in childhood language and brain development. Neuropsychologia 2018; 114:19-31. [PMID: 29654881 PMCID: PMC5988993 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2018.04.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2018] [Revised: 04/01/2018] [Accepted: 04/09/2018] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
The extent of sex differences in childhood language development is unclear. We conducted a systematic literature review synthesizing results from studies examining sex differences in brain structure and function relevant to language development during childhood. We searched PubMed and Scopus databases, and this returned a total of 46 published studies meeting criteria for inclusion that directly examined sex differences in brain development relevant to language function in children. The results indicate that: (a) sex differences in brain structure or function do not necessarily lead to differences in language task performance; (b) evidence for sex differences in brain and language development are limited; (c) when present, sex differences often interact with a variety of factors such as age and task. Overall, the magnitude of sexual dimorphism of brain developmental trajectories associated with language is not as significant as previously thought. Sex differences were found, however, in studies employing tighter age ranges. This suggests that sex differences may be more prominent during certain developmental stages but are negligible in other stages, likely due to different rates of maturation between the sexes. More research is needed to improve our understanding of how sex differences may arise due to the influence of sex hormones and developmental stages, and how these differences may lead to differences in various language task performance. These studies are expected to provide normative information that may be used in studies examining neurodevelopmental disorders that frequently affect more males than females, and also often affect language development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew Etchell
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.
| | - Aditi Adhikari
- College of Arts and Sciences, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, USA
| | - Lauren S Weinberg
- College of Literature, Science, and the Arts, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Ai Leen Choo
- Department of Communication Sciences and Disorders, Georgia State University, USA
| | - Emily O Garnett
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Ho Ming Chow
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA; Katzin Diagnostic & Research PET/MR Center, Nemours/Alfred I. duPont Hospital for Children, Wilmington, DE, USA
| | - Soo-Eun Chang
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
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Chang CL, Chiu NC, Yang YC, Ho CS, Hung KL. Normal Development of the Corpus Callosum and Evolution of Corpus Callosum Sexual Dimorphism in Infancy. JOURNAL OF ULTRASOUND IN MEDICINE : OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN INSTITUTE OF ULTRASOUND IN MEDICINE 2018; 37:869-877. [PMID: 28990212 DOI: 10.1002/jum.14420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2017] [Revised: 06/16/2017] [Accepted: 07/05/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The aim of this study was to establish reference ranges for the corpus callosum in infancy and to clarify how sexual dimorphism evolves between the fetal stage and infancy. METHODS Normal sonograms from cerebral ultrasonographic examinations of 1- to 6-month-old healthy full-term infants were selected. The length and thickness of the corpus callosum were determined, and the effect of sex on these values was analyzed. Studies on corpus callosum sexual dimorphism were reviewed. RESULTS In total, sonograms from 236 1- to 6-month-old infants (120 male and 116 female) were collected, and the typical values (5th-95th percentiles) of the corpus callosum were determined for each group. During the first 2 months, with and without brain size adjustment, the corpus callosum in female infants was significantly thicker than that in male infants (mean thickness ± SD: 1 month, male infant, 1.8 ± 0.3 mm; female infant, 2.1 ± 0.3 mm; P = .005; 2 months, male infant, 1.8 ± 0.2 mm; female infant, 2.0 ± 0.3 mm; P = .002). The corpus callosum thickness of male and female infants had no significant differences after 2 months of age. Sexual dimorphism was not detected in corpus callosum length. CONCLUSIONS Our study provides reference data on typical corpus callosum development in infants. In the fetal period and early infancy, the corpus callosum in female infants is thicker than that in male infants. From 3 months onward, the corpus callosum sexual dimorphism becomes insignificant throughout childhood. The evolvement of corpus callosum sexual dimorphism suggests that maternal factors may influence brain development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chaw-Liang Chang
- Department of Biological Science and Technology, National Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu, Taiwan
- Department of Pediatrics, Cathay General Hospital, Hsinchu, Taiwan
- Department of Center for Medical Education and Research, Cathay General Hospital, Hsinchu, Taiwan
| | - Nan-Chang Chiu
- Department of Pediatrics, MacKay Children's Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
- Department of Pediatrics, Mackay Junior College of Medicine, Nursing, and Management, New Taipei City, Taiwan Department of Pediatrics (K.-L.H.), Cathay General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Chen Yang
- Department of Center for Medical Education and Research, Cathay General Hospital, Hsinchu, Taiwan
| | - Che-Sheng Ho
- Department of Pediatrics, MacKay Children's Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
- Department of Pediatrics, Mackay Junior College of Medicine, Nursing, and Management, New Taipei City, Taiwan Department of Pediatrics (K.-L.H.), Cathay General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Kun-Long Hung
- Department of Pediatrics, Cathay General Hospital, Hsinchu, Taiwan
- Department of Pediatrics School of Medicine, Fu-Jen Catholic University, New Taipei City, Taiwan
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Bornstein MH, Putnick DL, Park Y, Suwalsky JTD, Haynes OM. Human infancy and parenting in global perspective: specificity. Proc Biol Sci 2017; 284:20172168. [PMID: 29237860 PMCID: PMC5745417 DOI: 10.1098/rspb.2017.2168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2017] [Accepted: 11/10/2017] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
We address three long-standing fundamental questions about early human development and parental caregiving within a specificity framework using data from 796 infant-mother dyads from 11 societies worldwide. Adopting a cross-society view opens a vista on universal biological origins of, and contextual influences on, infant behaviours and parenting practices. We asked: how do infant behaviours and parenting practices vary across societies? How do infant behaviours relate to other infant behaviours, and how do parent practices relate to other parent practices? Are infant behaviours and parent practices related to one another? Behaviours of firstborn five-month infants and parenting practices of their mothers were microanalysed from videorecords of extensive naturally occurring interactions in the home. In accord with behavioural specificity, biological expectations and cultural influences, we find that infants and mothers from diverse societies exhibit mean-level society differences in their behaviours and practices; domains of infant behaviours generally do not cohere, nor do domains of maternal practices; and only specific infant behaviours and mother practices correspond. Few relations were moderated by society.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marc H Bornstein
- Child and Family Research, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, 6555 Rock Spring Drive, Suite 220, Bethesda, MD 20817, USA
| | - Diane L Putnick
- Child and Family Research, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, 6555 Rock Spring Drive, Suite 220, Bethesda, MD 20817, USA
| | - Yoonjung Park
- Child and Family Research, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, 6555 Rock Spring Drive, Suite 220, Bethesda, MD 20817, USA
| | - Joan T D Suwalsky
- Child and Family Research, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, 6555 Rock Spring Drive, Suite 220, Bethesda, MD 20817, USA
| | - O Maurice Haynes
- Child and Family Research, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, 6555 Rock Spring Drive, Suite 220, Bethesda, MD 20817, USA
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Gur RC, Gur RE. Complementarity of sex differences in brain and behavior: From laterality to multimodal neuroimaging. J Neurosci Res 2017; 95:189-199. [PMID: 27870413 DOI: 10.1002/jnr.23830] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2016] [Revised: 06/20/2016] [Accepted: 06/20/2016] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Although, overwhelmingly, behavior is similar in males and females, and, correspondingly, the brains are similar, sex differences permeate both brain and behavioral measures, and these differences have been the focus of increasing scrutiny by neuroscientists. This Review describes milestones from more than 3 decades of research in brain and behavior. This research was necessarily bound by available methodology, and we began with indirect behavioral indicators of brain function such as handedness. We proceeded to the use of neuropsychological batteries and then to structural and functional neuroimaging that provided the foundations of a cognitive neuroscience-based computerized neurocognitive battery. Sex differences were apparent and consistent in neurocognitive measures, with females performing better on memory and social cognition tasks and males on spatial processing and motor speed. Sex differences were also prominent in all major brain parameters, including higher rates of cerebral blood flow, higher percentage of gray matter tissue, and higher interhemispheric connectivity in females, compared with higher percentage of white matter and greater intrahemispheric connectivity as well as higher glucose metabolism in limbic regions in males. Many of these differences are present in childhood, but they become more prominent with adolescence, perhaps linked to puberty. Overall, they indicate complementarity between the sexes that would result in greater adaptive diversity. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruben C Gur
- Brain Behavior Laboratory, Department of Psychiatry, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Raquel E Gur
- Brain Behavior Laboratory, Department of Psychiatry, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
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Uban K, Herting M, Wozniak J, Sowell E. Sex differences in associations between white matter microstructure and gonadal hormones in children and adolescents with prenatal alcohol exposure. Psychoneuroendocrinology 2017; 83:111-121. [PMID: 28609669 PMCID: PMC5877456 DOI: 10.1016/j.psyneuen.2017.05.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2016] [Revised: 05/10/2017] [Accepted: 05/16/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Despite accumulating evidence from animal models demonstrating that prenatal alcohol exposure (PAE) results in life-long neuroendocrine dysregulation, very little is known on this topic among humans with fetal alcohol spectrum disorders (FASD). We expected that alterations in gonadal hormones might interfere with the typical development of white matter (WM) myelination, and in a sex-dependent manner, in human adolescents with FASD. In order to investigate this hypothesis, we used diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) to assess: 1) whether or not sex moderates the impact of PAE on WM microstructure; and 2) how gonadal hormones relate to alterations in WM microstructure in children and adolescents affected by PAE. METHODS 61 youth (9 to 16 yrs.; 49% girls; 50% PAE) participated as part of the Collaborative Initiative on Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorders (CIFASD). DTI scans and passive drool samples were obtained to examine neurodevelopmental associations with testosterone (T) and dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) levels in boys and girls, and estradiol (E2) and progesterone (P) levels in girls. Tract-based spatial statistics were utilized to generate fractional anisotropy (FA) and mean diffusivity (MD) for 9 a priori WM regions of interest (ROIs). RESULTS As predicted, alterations in FA were observed in adolescents with PAE relative to controls, and these differences varied by sex. Girls with PAE exhibited lower FA (Inferior fronto-occipital and Uncinate fasciculi) while boys with PAE exhibited higher FA (Callosal body, Cingulum, Corticospinal tract, Optic radiation, Superior longitudinal fasciculus) relative to age-matched controls. When gonadal hormone levels were examined in relation to DTI measures, additional group differences in FA were revealed, demonstrating that neuroendocrine factors are associated with PAE-related brain alterations. CONCLUSIONS These findings provide human evidence that PAE relates to sex-specific differences in WM microstructure, and underlying alterations in gonadal hormone function may, in part, contribute to these effects. Determining PAE-effects on neuroendocrine function among humans is an essential first step towards developing novel clinical (e.g., assessment or intervention) tools that target hormone systems to improve on-going brain development among children and adolescents with FASD.
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Affiliation(s)
- K.A. Uban
- Department of Pediatrics, Children’s Hospital Los Angeles/University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA,Corresponding authors. (K.A. Uban), (E.R. Sowell)
| | - M.M. Herting
- Department of Pediatrics, Children’s Hospital Los Angeles/University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA,Department of Preventative Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - J.R. Wozniak
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - E.R. Sowell
- Department of Pediatrics, Children’s Hospital Los Angeles/University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA,Corresponding authors. (K.A. Uban), (E.R. Sowell)
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Rao VTS, Khan D, Cui QL, Fuh SC, Hossain S, Almazan G, Multhaup G, Healy LM, Kennedy TE, Antel JP. Distinct age and differentiation-state dependent metabolic profiles of oligodendrocytes under optimal and stress conditions. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0182372. [PMID: 28792512 PMCID: PMC5549710 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0182372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2017] [Accepted: 07/17/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Within the microenvironment of multiple sclerosis lesions, oligodendrocytes are subject to metabolic stress reflecting effects of focal ischemia and inflammation. Previous studies have shown that under optimal conditions in vitro, the respiratory activity of human adult brain-derived oligodendrocytes is lower and more predominantly glycolytic compared to oligodendrocytes differentiated in vitro from post natal rat brain oligodendrocyte progenitor cells. In response to sub-lethal metabolic stress, adult human oligodendrocytes reduce overall energy production rate impacting the capacity to maintain myelination. Here, we directly compare the metabolic profiles of oligodendrocytes derived from adult rat brain with oligodendrocytes newly differentiated in vitro from oligodendrocyte progenitor cells obtained from the post natal rat brain, under both optimal culture and metabolic stress (low/no glucose) conditions. Oxygen consumption and extracellular acidification rates were measured using a Seahorse extracellular flux analyzer. Our findings indicate that under optimal conditions, adult rat oligodendrocytes preferentially use glycolysis whereas newly differentiated post natal rat oligodendrocytes, and the oligodendrocyte progenitor cells from which they are derived, mainly utilize oxidative phosphorylation to produce ATP. Metabolic stress increases the rate of ATP production via oxidative phosphorylation and significantly reduces glycolysis in adult oligodendrocytes. The rate of ATP production was relatively unchanged in newly differentiated post natal oligodendrocytes under these stress conditions, while it was significantly reduced in oligodendrocyte progenitor cells. Our study indicates that both age and maturation influence the metabolic profile under optimal and stressed conditions, emphasizing the need to consider these variables for in vitro studies that aim to model adult human disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vijayaraghava T. S. Rao
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- * E-mail:
| | - Damla Khan
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Qiao-Ling Cui
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Shih-Chieh Fuh
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Shireen Hossain
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Guillermina Almazan
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Gerhard Multhaup
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Luke M. Healy
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Timothy E. Kennedy
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Jack P. Antel
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
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42
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Ishaque M, Manning JH, Woolsey MD, Franklin CG, Tullis EW, Beckmann CF, Fox PT. Functional integrity in children with anoxic brain injury from drowning. Hum Brain Mapp 2017; 38:4813-4831. [PMID: 28759710 DOI: 10.1002/hbm.23745] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2016] [Revised: 07/10/2017] [Accepted: 07/15/2017] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Drowning is a leading cause of accidental injury and death in young children. Anoxic brain injury (ABI) is a common consequence of drowning and can cause severe neurological morbidity in survivors. Assessment of functional status and prognostication in drowning victims can be extremely challenging, both acutely and chronically. Structural neuroimaging modalities (CT and MRI) have been of limited clinical value. Here, we tested the utility of resting-state functional MRI (rs-fMRI) for assessing brain functional integrity in this population. Eleven children with chronic, spastic quadriplegia due to drowning-induced ABI were investigated. All were comatose immediately after the injury and gradually regained consciousness, but with varying ability to communicate their cognitive state. Eleven neurotypical children matched for age and gender formed the control group. Resting-state fMRI and co-registered T1-weighted anatomical MRI were acquired at night during drug-aided sleep. Network integrity was quantified by independent components analysis (ICA), at both group- and per-subject levels. Functional-status assessments based on in-home observations were provided by families and caregivers. Motor ICNs were grossly compromised in ABI patients both group-wise and individually, concordant with their prominent motor deficits. Striking preservations of perceptual and cognitive ICNs were observed, and the degree of network preservation correlated (ρ = 0.74) with the per-subject functional status assessments. Collectively, our findings indicate that rs-fMRI has promise for assessing brain functional integrity in ABI and, potentially, in other disorders. Furthermore, our observations suggest that the severe motor deficits observed in this population can mask relatively intact perceptual and cognitive capabilities. Hum Brain Mapp 38:4813-4831, 2017. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariam Ishaque
- Research Imaging Institute, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas.,Department of Radiology, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas
| | - Janessa H Manning
- Merrill Palmer Skillman Institute, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan
| | - Mary D Woolsey
- Research Imaging Institute, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas
| | - Crystal G Franklin
- Research Imaging Institute, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas
| | | | - Christian F Beckmann
- Department of Cognitive Neuroscience, Radboud University Medical Center, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.,Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Donders Center for Cognitive Neuroimaging, Radboud University, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.,Centre for Functional MRI of the Brain, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Peter T Fox
- Research Imaging Institute, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas.,Department of Radiology, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas.,South Texas Veterans Healthcare System, San Antonio, Texas.,Shenzhen University School of Medicine, Shenzhen, People's Republic of China
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Developmental trajectory of the corpus callosum from infancy to the juvenile stage: Comparative MRI between chimpanzees and humans. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0179624. [PMID: 28654656 PMCID: PMC5487015 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0179624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2016] [Accepted: 06/01/2017] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
How brains develop during early life is one of the most important topics in neuroscience because it underpins the neuronal functions that mature during this period. A comparison of the neurodevelopmental patterns among humans and nonhuman primates is essential to infer evolutional changes in neuroanatomy that account for higher-order brain functions, especially those specific to humans. The corpus callosum (CC) is the major white matter bundle that connects the cerebral hemispheres, and therefore, relates to a wide variety of neuronal functions. In humans, the CC area rapidly expands during infancy, followed by relatively slow changes. In chimpanzees, based on a cross-sectional study, slow changes in the CC area during the juvenile stage and later have also been reported. However, little is known about the developmental changes during infancy. A longitudinal study is also required to validate the previous cross-sectional observations about the chimpanzee CC. The present longitudinal study of magnetic resonance imaging scans demonstrates that the CC development in chimpanzees and humans is characterized by a rapid increase during infancy, followed by gradual increase during the juvenile stage. Several differences between the two species were also identified. First, there was a tendency toward a greater increase in the CC areas during infancy in humans. Second, there was a tendency toward a greater increase in the rostrum during the juvenile stage in chimpanzees. The rostral body is known to carry fibers between the bilateral prefrontal and premotor cortices, and is involved in behavior planning and control, verbal working memory, and number conception. The rostrum is known to carry fibers between the prefrontal cortices, and is involved in attention control. The interspecies differences in the developmental trajectories of the rostral body and the rostrum might be related to evolutional changes in the brain systems.
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Rashid A, Ram AN, Kates WR, Redmond KJ, Wharam M, Mark Mahone E, Horska A, Terezakis S. A prospective study of corpus callosum regional volumes and neurocognitive outcomes following cranial radiation for pediatric brain tumors. Childs Nerv Syst 2017; 33:965-972. [PMID: 28455540 DOI: 10.1007/s00381-017-3412-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2016] [Accepted: 04/07/2017] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE/OBJECTIVE(S) Cranial radiation therapy (CRT) may disrupt the corpus callosum (CC), which plays an important role in basic motor and cognitive functions. The aim of this prospective longitudinal study was to assess changes in CC mid-sagittal areas, CC volumes, and performance on neuropsychological (NP) tests related to the CC in children following CRT. MATERIALS/METHODS Twelve pediatric patients were treated with CRT for primary brain malignancies. Thirteen age-matched healthy volunteers served as controls. Brain MRIs and NP assessment emphasizing motor dexterity, processing speed, visuomotor integration, and working memory (visual and verbal) were performed at baseline and at 6, 15, and 27 months following completion of CRT. Linear mixed effects (LME) analyses were used to evaluate patient NP performance and changes in regional CC volumes (genu, anterior body, mid-body, posterior body, and splenium) and mid-sagittal areas over time and with radiation doses, correcting for age at CRT start. RESULTS The mean age at CRT was 9.41 (range 1.2-15.7) years. The median prescription dose was 54 (range 18-59.4) Gy. LME analysis revealed a significant decrease in overall CC volumes over time (p < 0.00001), with no overall effect of radiation dose. Analysis of individual CC regions demonstrated a significant decrease in all regional volumes over time (p < 0.00001) in patients, with no effect of radiation dose. Only in the splenium was there a trend toward a dose-dependent effect (p = 0.093). Patients had significantly reduced NP performance across visits-most notably in motor dexterity and visual working memory (both p < 0.0001). CONCLUSIONS These prospective data demonstrate a significant decrease in CC regional volumes after CRT, with associated decline in neurocognitive function, most notably in manual dexterity, attention, and working memory. Further prospective study of larger cohorts of patients is needed to establish the relationship between CRT dose, neuroanatomical, and functional changes in the CC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arif Rashid
- Department of Radiation Oncology and Molecular Radiation Sciences, The Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center at Johns Hopkins, 401 North Broadway, Suite 1440, Baltimore, MD, 21231-2410, USA
| | - Ashwin N Ram
- Department of Radiation Oncology and Molecular Radiation Sciences, The Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center at Johns Hopkins, 401 North Broadway, Suite 1440, Baltimore, MD, 21231-2410, USA
| | - Wendy R Kates
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, State University of New York at Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY, USA
| | - Kristin J Redmond
- Department of Radiation Oncology and Molecular Radiation Sciences, The Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center at Johns Hopkins, 401 North Broadway, Suite 1440, Baltimore, MD, 21231-2410, USA
| | - Moody Wharam
- Department of Radiation Oncology and Molecular Radiation Sciences, The Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center at Johns Hopkins, 401 North Broadway, Suite 1440, Baltimore, MD, 21231-2410, USA
| | - E Mark Mahone
- Department of Neuropsychology, Kennedy Krieger Institute, Baltimore, MD, USA.,Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Alena Horska
- Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Stephanie Terezakis
- Department of Radiation Oncology and Molecular Radiation Sciences, The Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center at Johns Hopkins, 401 North Broadway, Suite 1440, Baltimore, MD, 21231-2410, USA.
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Meissner TW, Friedrich P, Ocklenburg S, Genç E, Weigelt S. Tracking the Functional Development of the Corpus Callosum in Children Using Behavioral and Evoked Potential Interhemispheric Transfer Times. Dev Neuropsychol 2017; 42:172-186. [PMID: 28498015 DOI: 10.1080/87565641.2017.1315582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Visual functions requiring interhemispheric transfer exhibit a long developmental trajectory up to age 12, which might be constrained by corpus callosum maturation. Here, we use electrophysiological and behavioral crossed-uncrossed differences (CUDs) in a visual Poffenberger paradigm to estimate the interhemispheric transfer time (IHTT)-a measure of corpus callosum maturation-in 7-year-old children and adults. Adults' electrophysiological CUDs were faster than 7-year-olds'. Behavioral CUDs did not differ and proved to be unreliable in a 6-month follow-up test. These findings suggest that the corpus callosum still undergoes development at the age of 7 that can only reliably be traced with neuroscientific methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tobias W Meissner
- a Department of Psychology, Developmental Neuropsychology , Ruhr-Universität Bochum , Bochum , Germany
| | - Patrick Friedrich
- b Department of Psychology, Institute for Cognitive Neuroscience , Biopsychology, Ruhr-Universität Bochum , Bochum , Germany
| | - Sebastian Ocklenburg
- b Department of Psychology, Institute for Cognitive Neuroscience , Biopsychology, Ruhr-Universität Bochum , Bochum , Germany
| | - Erhan Genç
- b Department of Psychology, Institute for Cognitive Neuroscience , Biopsychology, Ruhr-Universität Bochum , Bochum , Germany
| | - Sarah Weigelt
- a Department of Psychology, Developmental Neuropsychology , Ruhr-Universität Bochum , Bochum , Germany
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Jarre A, Llorens Salvador R, Montoliu Fornas G, Montoya Filardi A. Valor de la resonancia magnética cerebral en fetos con sospecha ecográfica de agenesia del cuerpo calloso. RADIOLOGIA 2017; 59:226-231. [DOI: 10.1016/j.rx.2017.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2016] [Revised: 01/02/2017] [Accepted: 01/03/2017] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
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Jarre A, Llorens Salvador R, Montoliu Fornas G, Montoya Filardi A. Value of brain MRI when sonography raises suspicion of agenesis of the corpus callosum in fetuses. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.rxeng.2017.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Sakai T, Komaki Y, Hata J, Okahara J, Okahara N, Inoue T, Mikami A, Matsui M, Oishi K, Sasaki E, Okano H. Elucidation of developmental patterns of marmoset corpus callosum through a comparative MRI in marmosets, chimpanzees, and humans. Neurosci Res 2017; 122:25-34. [PMID: 28400206 DOI: 10.1016/j.neures.2017.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2017] [Revised: 04/02/2017] [Accepted: 04/03/2017] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
The corpus callosum (CC) is present in all primate brains and is the major white matter tract connecting the cerebral hemispheres for integration of sensory, motor and higher-order cognitive information. The midsagittal area of the CC has frequently been used as a sensitive biomarker of brain development. Although the marmoset has been considered as an alternative non-human primate model for neuroscience research, the developmental patterns of the CC have not been explored. The present longitudinal study of magnetic resonance imaging demonstrated that marmosets show a rapid increase of CC during infancy, followed by a slow increase during the juvenile stage, as observed in chimpanzees and humans. Marmosets also show a tendency toward a greater increase in CC during late infancy and the juvenile stage, as observed in humans, but not in chimpanzees. However, several differences between marmosets and humans were identified. There was a tendency toward a greater maturation of the human CC during early infancy. Furthermore, there was a tendency toward a greater increase during late infancy and the juvenile stage in marmosets, compared to that observed in chimpanzees and humans. These differences in the developmental trajectories of the CC may be related to evolutional changes in social behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomoko Sakai
- The Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA; Department of Physiology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan; Primate Research Institute, Kyoto University, Inuyama, Aichi 484-8506, Japan; Japan Society for the Promotion of Science, Tokyo 102-0083, Japan.
| | - Yuji Komaki
- Department of Physiology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan; Central Institute for Experimental Animals, 3-25-12 Tonomachi, Kawasaki, Kanagawa 210-0821, Japan
| | - Junichi Hata
- Department of Physiology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan; Central Institute for Experimental Animals, 3-25-12 Tonomachi, Kawasaki, Kanagawa 210-0821, Japan; RIKEN Brain Science Institute, Laboratory for Marmoset Neural Architecture, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
| | - Junko Okahara
- Department of Physiology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan; Central Institute for Experimental Animals, 3-25-12 Tonomachi, Kawasaki, Kanagawa 210-0821, Japan; RIKEN Brain Science Institute, Laboratory for Marmoset Neural Architecture, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
| | - Norio Okahara
- Department of Physiology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan; Central Institute for Experimental Animals, 3-25-12 Tonomachi, Kawasaki, Kanagawa 210-0821, Japan
| | - Takashi Inoue
- Department of Physiology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan; Central Institute for Experimental Animals, 3-25-12 Tonomachi, Kawasaki, Kanagawa 210-0821, Japan
| | - Akichika Mikami
- Primate Research Institute, Kyoto University, Inuyama, Aichi 484-8506, Japan; Faculty of Nursing and Rehabilitation, Chubu Gakuin University, Seki, Gifu 504-0837, Japan
| | - Mie Matsui
- Department of Cognitive Science, Institute of Liberal Arts and Science, Kanazawa University, Ishikawa 920-1192, Japan
| | - Kenichi Oishi
- The Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Erika Sasaki
- Central Institute for Experimental Animals, 3-25-12 Tonomachi, Kawasaki, Kanagawa 210-0821, Japan; RIKEN Brain Science Institute, Laboratory for Marmoset Neural Architecture, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan; Advanced Research Center, Keio University, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan.
| | - Hideyuki Okano
- Department of Physiology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan; RIKEN Brain Science Institute, Laboratory for Marmoset Neural Architecture, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan.
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Payne C, Cirilli L, Bachevalier J. An MRI study of the corpus callosum in monkeys: Developmental trajectories and effects of neonatal hippocampal and amygdala lesions. Dev Psychobiol 2017; 59:495-506. [PMID: 28369850 DOI: 10.1002/dev.21514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2016] [Revised: 02/15/2017] [Accepted: 02/27/2017] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
This study provides the first characterization of early developmental trajectories of corpus callosum (CC) segments in rhesus macaques using noninvasive MRI techniques and assesses long-term effects of neonatal amygdala or hippocampal lesions on CC morphometry. In Experiment 1, 10 monkeys (5 males) were scanned at 1 week-2 years of age; eight additional infants (4 males) were scanned once at 1-4 weeks of age. The first 8 months showed marked growth across all segments, with sustained, albeit slower, growth through 24 months. Males and females had comparable patterns of CC maturation overall, but exhibited slight differences in the anterior and posterior segments, with greater increases in the isthmus for males and greater increases in the rostrum for females. The developmental changes are likely a consequence of varying degrees of axonal myelination, redirection, and pruning. In Experiment 2, animals with neonatal lesions of the amygdala (n = 6; 3 males) or hippocampus (n = 6; 4 males) were scanned at 1.5 years post-surgery and compared to scans of six control animals from Experiment 1. Whereas amygdala damage yielded larger rostral and posterior body segments, hippocampal damage yielded larger rostrum and isthmus. These differences demonstrate that early perturbations to one medial temporal lobe structure may produce extensive and long-lasting repercussions in other brain areas. The current findings emphasize the complexity of neural circuitry putatively subserving neurodevelopmental disorders such as autism spectrum disorder and Williams syndrome, which are each characterized by malformations and dysfunction of complex neural networks that include regions of the medial temporal lobe.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christa Payne
- Yerkes National Primate Research Center, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Laetitia Cirilli
- Yerkes National Primate Research Center, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia
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Cai S, Jiang Y, Wang Y, Wu X, Ren J, Lee MS, Lee S, Huang L. Modulation on brain gray matter activity and white matter integrity by APOE ε4 risk gene in cognitively intact elderly: A multimodal neuroimaging study. Behav Brain Res 2017; 322:100-109. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2017.01.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2016] [Revised: 01/11/2017] [Accepted: 01/13/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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