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Huertas-Abril PV, Jurado J, Prieto-Álamo MJ, García-Barrera T, Abril N. Proteomic analysis of the hepatic response to a pollutant mixture in mice. The protective action of selenium. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 903:166558. [PMID: 37633382 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.166558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2023] [Revised: 08/22/2023] [Accepted: 08/23/2023] [Indexed: 08/28/2023]
Abstract
Metals and pharmaceuticals contaminate water and food worldwide, forming mixtures where they can interact to enhance their individual toxicity. Here we use a shotgun proteomic approach to evaluate the toxicity of a pollutant mixture (PM) of metals (As, Cd, Hg) and pharmaceuticals (diclofenac, flumequine) on mice liver proteostasis. These pollutants are abundant in the environment, accumulate in the food chain, and are toxic to humans primarily through oxidative damage. Thus, we also evaluated the putative antagonistic effect of low-dose dietary supplementation with the antioxidant trace element selenium. A total of 275 proteins were affected by PM treatment. Functional analyses revealed an increased abundance of proteins involved in the integrated stress response that promotes translation, the inflammatory response, carbohydrate and lipid metabolism, and the sustained expression of the antioxidative response mediated by NRF2. As a consequence, a reductive stress situation arises in the cell that inhibits the RICTOR pathway, thus activating the early stage of autophagy, impairing xenobiotic metabolism, and potentiating lipid biosynthesis and steatosis. PM exposure-induced hepato-proteostatic alterations were significantly reduced in Se supplemented mice, suggesting that the use of this trace element as a dietary supplement may at least partially ameliorate liver damage caused by exposure to environmental mixtures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paula V Huertas-Abril
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Córdoba, Campus de Rabanales, Edificio Severo Ochoa, E-14071 Córdoba, Spain
| | - Juan Jurado
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Córdoba, Campus de Rabanales, Edificio Severo Ochoa, E-14071 Córdoba, Spain
| | - María-José Prieto-Álamo
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Córdoba, Campus de Rabanales, Edificio Severo Ochoa, E-14071 Córdoba, Spain
| | - Tamara García-Barrera
- Research Center of Natural Resources, Health, and the Environment (RENSMA), Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Experimental Sciences, Campus El Carmen, University of Huelva, Fuerzas Armadas Ave., 21007 Huelva, Spain
| | - Nieves Abril
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Córdoba, Campus de Rabanales, Edificio Severo Ochoa, E-14071 Córdoba, Spain.
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2
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Cai L, Tan Y, Watson S, Wintergerst K. Diabetic cardiomyopathy - Zinc preventive and therapeutic potentials by its anti-oxidative stress and sensitizing insulin signaling pathways. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2023; 477:116694. [PMID: 37739320 PMCID: PMC10616760 DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2023.116694] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2023] [Revised: 09/14/2023] [Accepted: 09/15/2023] [Indexed: 09/24/2023]
Abstract
Oxidative stress and insulin resistance are two key mechanisms for the development of diabetic cardiomyopathy (DCM, cardiac remodeling and dysfunction). In this review, we discussed how zinc and metallothionein (MT) protect the heart from type 1 or type 2 diabetes (T1D or T2D) through its anti-oxidative function and insulin-mediated PI3K/Akt signaling activation. Both T1D and T2D-induced DCM, shown by cardiac structural remodeling and dysfunction, in wild-type mice, but not in cardiomyocyte-specific overexpressing MT mice. In contrast, mice with global MT gene deletion were more susceptible to the development of DCM. When we used zinc to treat mice with either T1D or T2D, cardiac remodeling and dysfunction were significantly prevented along with increased cardiac MT expression. To support the role of zinc homeostasis in insulin signaling pathways, treatment of diabetic mice with zinc showed the preservation of phosphorylation levels of insulin-mediated glucose metabolism-related Akt2 and GSK-3β and even rescued cardiac pathogenesis induced by global deletion of Akt2 gene in a MT-dependent manner. These results suggest the protection by zinc from DCM is through both the induction of MT and sensitization of insulin signaling. Combined our own and other works, this review comprehensively summarized the roles of zinc homeostasis in the development and progression of DCM and its therapeutic implications. At the end, we provided pre-clinical and clinical evidence for the preventive and therapeutic potential of zinc supplementation through its anti-oxidative stress and sensitizing insulin signaling actions. Understanding the intricate connections between zinc and DCM provides insights for the future interventional approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu Cai
- Pediatric Research Institute, Department of Pediatrics, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, KY, United States of America; Wendy Novak Diabetes Institute, Norton Healthcare, Louisville, KY, United States of America; Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, KY, United States of America; Radiation Oncology, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, KY, United States of America.
| | - Yi Tan
- Pediatric Research Institute, Department of Pediatrics, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, KY, United States of America; Wendy Novak Diabetes Institute, Norton Healthcare, Louisville, KY, United States of America; Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, KY, United States of America.
| | - Sara Watson
- Pediatric Research Institute, Department of Pediatrics, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, KY, United States of America; Wendy Novak Diabetes Institute, Norton Healthcare, Louisville, KY, United States of America; Division of Endocrinology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Norton Children's Hospital, Louisville, KY, United States of America
| | - Kupper Wintergerst
- Pediatric Research Institute, Department of Pediatrics, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, KY, United States of America; Wendy Novak Diabetes Institute, Norton Healthcare, Louisville, KY, United States of America; Division of Endocrinology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Norton Children's Hospital, Louisville, KY, United States of America
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3
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Fitzgerald HC, Kelleher AM, Ranjit C, Schust DJ, Spencer TE. Basolateral secretions of human endometrial epithelial organoids impact stromal cell decidualization. Mol Hum Reprod 2023; 29:gaad007. [PMID: 36821428 PMCID: PMC10321591 DOI: 10.1093/molehr/gaad007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2022] [Revised: 01/19/2023] [Indexed: 02/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Uterine glands and, by inference, their secretions impact uterine receptivity, blastocyst implantation, stromal cell decidualization, and placental development. Changes in gland function across the menstrual cycle are primarily governed by the steroid hormones estrogen (E2) and progesterone (P4) but can also be influenced by extrinsic factors from the stroma. Using a human endometrial epithelial organoid system, transcriptome and proteome analyses identified distinct responses of the organoids to steroid hormones and prostaglandin E2 (PGE2). Notably, P4 and PGE2 modulated the basolateral secretion of organoid proteins, particularly cystatin C (CST3), serpin family A member 3 (SERPINA3), and stanniocalcin 1 (STC1). CST3, but not SERPINA3 or STC1, attenuated the in vitro stromal decidualization response to steroid hormones and PGE2. These findings provide evidence that uterine gland-derived factors impact stromal cell decidualization, which has implications for pregnancy establishment and fertility in women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harriet C Fitzgerald
- Division of Animal Sciences, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA
- Present address: The Ritchie Centre, Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Clayton, 3168 Victoria, Australia; Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Monash University, Clayton, 3168 Victoria, Australia
| | - Andrew M Kelleher
- Division of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Women’s Health, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA
| | - Chaman Ranjit
- Division of Animal Sciences, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA
| | - Danny J Schust
- Division of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Women’s Health, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA
- Present address: Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Thomas E Spencer
- Division of Animal Sciences, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA
- Division of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Women’s Health, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA
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Byrne NJ, Rajasekaran NS, Abel ED, Bugger H. Therapeutic potential of targeting oxidative stress in diabetic cardiomyopathy. Free Radic Biol Med 2021; 169:317-342. [PMID: 33910093 PMCID: PMC8285002 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2021.03.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2021] [Revised: 02/24/2021] [Accepted: 03/25/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Even in the absence of coronary artery disease and hypertension, diabetes mellitus (DM) may increase the risk for heart failure development. This risk evolves from functional and structural alterations induced by diabetes in the heart, a cardiac entity termed diabetic cardiomyopathy (DbCM). Oxidative stress, defined as the imbalance of reactive oxygen species (ROS) has been increasingly proposed to contribute to the development of DbCM. There are several sources of ROS production including the mitochondria, NAD(P)H oxidase, xanthine oxidase, and uncoupled nitric oxide synthase. Overproduction of ROS in DbCM is thought to be counterbalanced by elevated antioxidant defense enzymes such as catalase and superoxide dismutase. Excess ROS in the cardiomyocyte results in further ROS production, mitochondrial DNA damage, lipid peroxidation, post-translational modifications of proteins and ultimately cell death and cardiac dysfunction. Furthermore, ROS modulates transcription factors responsible for expression of antioxidant enzymes. Lastly, evidence exists that several pharmacological agents may convey cardiovascular benefit by antioxidant mechanisms. As such, increasing our understanding of the pathways that lead to increased ROS production and impaired antioxidant defense may enable the development of therapeutic strategies against the progression of DbCM. Herein, we review the current knowledge about causes and consequences of ROS in DbCM, as well as the therapeutic potential and strategies of targeting oxidative stress in the diabetic heart.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikole J Byrne
- Division of Cardiology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Namakkal S Rajasekaran
- Cardiac Aging & Redox Signaling Laboratory, Molecular and Cellular Pathology, Department of Pathology, Birmingham, AL, USA; Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT, USA; Center for Free Radical Biology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - E Dale Abel
- Fraternal Order of Eagles Diabetes Research Center, Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Roy J. and Lucille A. Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, USA
| | - Heiko Bugger
- Division of Cardiology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria.
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Yao X, Qiao Z, Zhang F, Liu X, Du Q, Zhang J, Li X, Jiang X. Effects of a novel fungicide benzovindiflupyr in Eisenia fetida: Evaluation through different levels of biological organization. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2021; 271:116336. [PMID: 33370611 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2020.116336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2020] [Revised: 12/14/2020] [Accepted: 12/15/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Although benzovindiflupyr (BZF), which is a novel succinate dehydrogenase inhibitor fungicide, has considerable application potential worldwide, its extensive use is toxic to non-targeted soil organisms. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate the acute and subchronic toxicity of BZF to earthworms (Eisenia fetida). The acute toxicity of BZF to adult and larval earthworms was measured, as indicated by the following LC50 values obtained after 14 days of exposure: 416 mg/kg for adult earthworms and 341 mg/kg for juveniles. Subchronic toxicity tests were conducted using only adult earthworms. The earthworms' weight gain was slower on days 14 and 28 after commencing the BZF T100 treatment (50 mg/kg of soil). Following 14 days of BZF exposure, enzymes and gene expressions associated with the mitochondrial respiratory chain and energy metabolism were activated to some extent, and the reactive oxygen species level and malondialdehyde content also increased. Antioxidant and detoxifying enzymes and metallothionein gene, Heat shock protein 70 gene associated with resistance to oxidative damage were also activated to varying degrees. Increased BZF concentrations corresponded to increased genotoxicity. Integrated biological response (IBR) values were calculated at the biochemical and molecular levels to show increased toxicity with increased BZF concentration. Although a series of biomarkers changes occurred after initiating BZF treatment, these changes were all likely to have been resisted by the earthworms' own antioxidant defense system and only showed phenotypic (weight-related) changes with treatments of 50 mg/kg. In conclusion, reasonable levels of BZF application may have little impact on earthworms. Our findings provide insights on the toxic effects of BZF on earthworms and may prove useful for risk assessments relating to BZF's impacts on soil ecosystems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangfeng Yao
- College of Plant Protection Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, Shandong, 271018, PR China; Key Laboratory of Pesticide Toxicology & Application Technique, Tai'an, Shandong, 271018, PR China
| | - Zhihua Qiao
- College of Plant Protection Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, Shandong, 271018, PR China; Key Laboratory of Pesticide Toxicology & Application Technique, Tai'an, Shandong, 271018, PR China
| | - Fengwen Zhang
- Tobacco Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), Qingdao, 266101, PR China
| | - Xiang Liu
- College of Plant Protection Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, Shandong, 271018, PR China; Key Laboratory of Pesticide Toxicology & Application Technique, Tai'an, Shandong, 271018, PR China
| | - Qingzhi Du
- College of Plant Protection Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, Shandong, 271018, PR China; Key Laboratory of Pesticide Toxicology & Application Technique, Tai'an, Shandong, 271018, PR China
| | - Jianye Zhang
- College of Plant Protection Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, Shandong, 271018, PR China; Key Laboratory of Pesticide Toxicology & Application Technique, Tai'an, Shandong, 271018, PR China
| | - Xiangdong Li
- College of Plant Protection Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, Shandong, 271018, PR China
| | - Xingyin Jiang
- College of Plant Protection Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, Shandong, 271018, PR China; Key Laboratory of Pesticide Toxicology & Application Technique, Tai'an, Shandong, 271018, PR China.
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Forgotten partners and function regulators of inducible metallothioneins. Arh Hig Rada Toksikol 2020; 70:256-264. [PMID: 32623859 DOI: 10.2478/aiht-2019-70-3317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2019] [Accepted: 11/01/2019] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Metallothioneins are peculiar cysteine rich, heat resistant, small cellular plasma proteins expressed through almost all life forms. The currently established biological functions of metallothioneins are the homeostasis of essential metals and protection against toxic transitional metals (TM) alongside defence from oxidative stress by direct scavenging of reactive oxygen and nitrogen species (ROS and RNS). In mammals, among the four main evolutionary conserved forms, only the ubiquitously expressed metallothionein 1 and 2 (here abbreviated as MT) are inducible by TM, oxidative stress, glucocorticoids and starvation among various other stimuli. However, more than sixty years after being discovered, metallothioneins still bear unresolved issues about their possible physiological function and regulation. The biological function of MTs has still not been associated with the in vitro-demonstrated capacity of MT interaction with cellular molecules glutathione (GSH) or adenosine triphosphate (ATP), or with the possibility of direct iron-MT binding in the reducing intracellular environment of some organelles, e.g. lysosomes. Iron as the most abundant cellular TM is also one of the main physiological sources of ROS. Moreover, iron exhibits strain, sex and age differences that reflected ROS generation and MT induction in (patho)physiology and toxicology studies. A recent study showed that iron sex differences follows expression of both ferritin and MT leading to wide implications from essential TM interconnectivity to aging. This review places emphasis on biochemically proven but physiologically ignored interactions of MT with iron to stimulate advanced research for establishing a wide frame of the biological roles of MTs important for health and longevity.
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A role of metallothionein-3 in radiation-induced autophagy in glioma cells. Sci Rep 2020; 10:2015. [PMID: 32029749 PMCID: PMC7005189 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-58237-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2019] [Accepted: 01/13/2020] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Although metallothionein-3 (MT3), a brain-enriched form of metallothioneins, has been linked to Alzheimer's disease, little is known regarding the role of MT3 in glioma. As MT3 plays a role in autophagy in astrocytes, here, we investigated its role in irradiated glioma cells. Irradiation increased autophagy flux in GL261 glioma cells as evidenced by increased levels of LC3-II but decreased levels of p62 (SQSTM1). Indicating that autophagy plays a cytoprotective role in glioma cell survival following irradiation, measures inhibiting autophagy flux at various steps decreased their clonogenic survival of irradiated GL261 as well as SF295 and U251 glioma cells. Knockdown of MT3 with siRNA in irradiated glioma cells induced arrested autophagy, and decreased cell survival. At the same time, the accumulation of labile zinc in lysosomes was markedly attenuated by MT3 knockdown. Indicating that such zinc accumulation was important in autophagy flux, chelation of zinc with tetrakis-(2-pyridylmethyl)ethylenediamine (TPEN), induced arrested autophagy in and reduced survival of GL261 cells following irradiation. Suggesting a possible mechanism for arrested autophagy, MT3 knockdown and zinc chelation were found to impair lysosomal acidification. Since autophagy flux plays a cytoprotective role in irradiated glioma cells, present results suggest that MT3 and zinc may be regarded as possible therapeutic targets to sensitize glioma cells to ionizing radiation therapy.
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Liu ZQ. Anti-Oxidant in China: A Thirty-Year Journey. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CHINESE MEDICINE 2019; 47:1005-1024. [DOI: 10.1142/s0192415x19500514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Anti-oxidant refers to such a kind of endogenous or exogenous compound that is able to retard or even prohibit in vivo or in vitro oxidation with only small amount being used. The study of anti-oxidants starts nearly 30 years ago, and the research on this topic in China almost begins simultaneously with that in the world. Gratifyingly, contributions on anti-oxidants from China researchers have rapidly increased in the recent decade as anti-oxidants have become a hot topic in biochemistry, pharmacology, food science, chemistry as well as other related disciplines. Anti-oxidants provide a specific viewpoint for clarifying pharmacological effects of Chinese medicinal herbs. For example, as a traditional Chinese medicinal herb, Panax ginseng C. A. Meyer is found to be a natural anti-oxidant resource. Meanwhile, some signaling pathways such as nuclear factor-[Formula: see text]B (NF-[Formula: see text]B), nuclear factor erythroid 2 related factor 2 (Nrf2), and Kelch-like ECH associated protein 1 (Keap1) are regarded to play an important role in anti-oxidant responses. These findings provide a substantial basis for understanding the pharmacological behaviors of Chinese medicinal herbs in view of regulating the aforementioned signaling pathways. Moreover, inhibition of reactive oxygen species (ROS) by supplementation of anti-oxidant becomes a popularly accepted idea in keeping health and treating diseases. Isolations of antio-xidative ingredients from medicinal herbs and foods lead to set up a large range of anti-oxidative compound libraries, and intake of anti-oxidants from foods may be the most efficient way for supplementing exogenous anti-oxidants. On the other hand, designing anti-oxidants with novel structures motivates organic and medicinal chemists to explore the structure–activity relationship, and then, to find novel structural features with anti-oxidative properties. Therefore, it is reasonable to believe that China researchers will donate more endeavors to obtain more achievements on anti-oxidants in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zai-Qun Liu
- Department of Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, P. R. China
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Trabelsi W, Chetoui I, Fouzai C, Bejaoui S, Rabeh I, Telahigue K, Chalghaf M, El Cafsi M, Soudani N. Redox status and fatty acid composition of Mactra corallina digestive gland following exposure to acrylamide. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2019; 26:22197-22208. [PMID: 31148000 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-019-05492-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2018] [Accepted: 05/15/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Acrylamide (ACR), a ubiquitous agent, has various chemical and industrial applications, and it is found in backed or fried carbohydrate-rich food. It has been related to multiple toxicological effects, and it causes high cytotoxicity through oxidative stress. The present study aimed to investigate the potential effect of ACR toxicity administered at different concentrations (5, 10, and 20 mg/L), during 5 days, in order to evaluate the fatty acid (FA) composition and redox state in the digestive gland of Mactra corallina. The results showed, in ACR-treated clams, a significant increase in malondialdehyde, hydrogen peroxide, protein carbonyl, and metallothionein levels, as well as an alteration of the enzymatic (superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase, and catalase) and non-enzymatic (reduced glutathione and ascorbic acid) antioxidant status. However, acetylcholinesterase activity was inhibited in a concentration-dependent manner. In our experiment, the n-3 (Omega-3) and n-6 (Omega-6) polyunsaturated fatty acid levels were significantly changed in all ACR-treated groups. A decrease in eicosapentaenoic acid (C20:5n-3, EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (C22:6n-3, DHA) was observed in 10-mg/L and 20-mg/L ACR-treated groups. Nevertheless, arachidonic acid (C20:4n-6, ARA) and its precursor linoleic acid (C18:2n-6, LA) were increased. Besides oxidative stress parameters, FA composition may be an additional tool for assessing ACR contamination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wafa Trabelsi
- Laboratory of Ecology, Biology and Physiology of Aquatic Organisms, Department of Biology, Tunis Faculty of Sciences, University of Tunis El Manar, 2092, Tunis, Tunisia.
| | - Imene Chetoui
- Laboratory of Ecology, Biology and Physiology of Aquatic Organisms, Department of Biology, Tunis Faculty of Sciences, University of Tunis El Manar, 2092, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Chaima Fouzai
- Laboratory of Ecology, Biology and Physiology of Aquatic Organisms, Department of Biology, Tunis Faculty of Sciences, University of Tunis El Manar, 2092, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Safa Bejaoui
- Laboratory of Ecology, Biology and Physiology of Aquatic Organisms, Department of Biology, Tunis Faculty of Sciences, University of Tunis El Manar, 2092, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Imen Rabeh
- Laboratory of Ecology, Biology and Physiology of Aquatic Organisms, Department of Biology, Tunis Faculty of Sciences, University of Tunis El Manar, 2092, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Khaoula Telahigue
- Laboratory of Ecology, Biology and Physiology of Aquatic Organisms, Department of Biology, Tunis Faculty of Sciences, University of Tunis El Manar, 2092, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Mohamed Chalghaf
- Aquatic Environment Exploitation Resources Unit, Higher Institute Fishing and Fish Farming of Bizerte, Bizerte, Tunisia
| | - Mhamed El Cafsi
- Laboratory of Ecology, Biology and Physiology of Aquatic Organisms, Department of Biology, Tunis Faculty of Sciences, University of Tunis El Manar, 2092, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Nejla Soudani
- Laboratory of Ecology, Biology and Physiology of Aquatic Organisms, Department of Biology, Tunis Faculty of Sciences, University of Tunis El Manar, 2092, Tunis, Tunisia
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Migliaccio V, Lionetti L, Putti R, Sica R, Scudiero R. Combined effects of DDE and hyperlipidic diet on metallothionein expression and synthesis in rat tissues. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY 2019; 34:283-293. [PMID: 30575243 DOI: 10.1002/tox.22683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2018] [Revised: 11/02/2018] [Accepted: 11/04/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Metallothionein is well known for its detoxificant and anti-oxidant properties and has been shown to be effective to prevent hydroxyl radical-generated DNA degradation. The purpose of this investigation was to analyze the combined effect of two factors promoting cellular oxidative-stress, that is, the administration of the pesticide dichloro-diphenyl-dichloroethylene (DDE) and a high fat diet, on metallothionein expression and synthesis in rat liver and kidney. DDE is the main metabolite of dichloro-diphenyl-trichloroethane (DDT), and is commonly found in the food chain and in all tissues of living organisms, carried by the fats. Male Wistar rats were fed with a standard (N) or a high fat (HF) diet and exposed to DDE (10 mg/kg body mass, N + DDE and HF + DDE groups) or vehicle (corn oil, N, and HF groups) via gavage every day for 28 days. Tissues histology was determined by light microscopy analysis; differences in metallothionein gene expression and synthesis by real-time PCR and western blot, respectively. Finally, protein cellular localization was established by immunocytochemistry. The results showed a different involvement of metallothionein in defending tissues from HF- and DDE-induced oxidative stress, suggesting that hepatic and renal cells use different strategies against pro-oxidant species. In both cell types a marked increase in the metallothionein content was observed in the nucleus, with a concomitant drop of the cytoplasmatic protein, either under HF- and DDE-stress conditions; however, no synergistic or additive effects were observed between the action of fats and pesticide. These findings reinforce the role of metallothionein in protecting DNA from oxidative damage.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Lillà Lionetti
- Department of Chemistry and Biology, University of Salerno, Fisciano SA, Italy
| | - Rosalba Putti
- Department of Biology, University Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Raffaella Sica
- Department of Biology, University Federico II, Naples, Italy
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11
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Ji K, Wang Y, Du L, Xu C, Liu Y, He N, Wang J, Liu Q. Research Progress on the Biological Effects of Low-Dose Radiation in China. Dose Response 2019; 17:1559325819833488. [PMID: 30833876 PMCID: PMC6393828 DOI: 10.1177/1559325819833488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2018] [Revised: 12/19/2018] [Accepted: 12/29/2018] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Human are exposed to ionizing radiation from natural and artificial sources, which consequently poses a possible risk to human health. However, accumulating evidence indicates that the biological effects of low-dose radiation (LDR) are different from those of high-dose radiation (HDR). Low-dose radiation–induced hormesis has been extensively observed in different biological systems, including immunological and hematopoietic systems. Adaptive responses in response to LDR that can induce cellular resistance to genotoxic effects from subsequent exposure to HDR have also been described and researched. Bystander effects, another type of biological effect induced by LDR, have been shown to widely occur in many cell types. Furthermore, the influence of LDR-induced biological effects on certain diseases, such as cancer and diabetes, has also attracted the interest of researchers. Many studies have suggested that LDR has the potential antitumor and antidiabetic complications effects. In addition, the researches on whether LDR could induce stochastic effects were also debated. Studies on the biological effects of LDR in China started in 1970s and considerable progress has been made since. In the present article, we provide an overview of the research progress on the biological effects of LDR in China.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaihua Ji
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Molecular Nuclear Medicine, Department of Radiobiology, Institute of Radiation Medicine of Chinese Academy of Medical Science & Pecking Union Medical College, Tianjin, PR China
| | - Yan Wang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Molecular Nuclear Medicine, Department of Radiobiology, Institute of Radiation Medicine of Chinese Academy of Medical Science & Pecking Union Medical College, Tianjin, PR China
| | - Liqing Du
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Molecular Nuclear Medicine, Department of Radiobiology, Institute of Radiation Medicine of Chinese Academy of Medical Science & Pecking Union Medical College, Tianjin, PR China
| | - Chang Xu
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Molecular Nuclear Medicine, Department of Radiobiology, Institute of Radiation Medicine of Chinese Academy of Medical Science & Pecking Union Medical College, Tianjin, PR China
| | - Yang Liu
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Molecular Nuclear Medicine, Department of Radiobiology, Institute of Radiation Medicine of Chinese Academy of Medical Science & Pecking Union Medical College, Tianjin, PR China
| | - Ningning He
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Molecular Nuclear Medicine, Department of Radiobiology, Institute of Radiation Medicine of Chinese Academy of Medical Science & Pecking Union Medical College, Tianjin, PR China
| | - Jinhan Wang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Molecular Nuclear Medicine, Department of Radiobiology, Institute of Radiation Medicine of Chinese Academy of Medical Science & Pecking Union Medical College, Tianjin, PR China
| | - Qiang Liu
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Molecular Nuclear Medicine, Department of Radiobiology, Institute of Radiation Medicine of Chinese Academy of Medical Science & Pecking Union Medical College, Tianjin, PR China
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Role of Zinc and Selenium in Oxidative Stress and Immunosenescence: Implications for Healthy Aging and Longevity. HANDBOOK OF IMMUNOSENESCENCE 2019. [PMCID: PMC7121636 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-99375-1_66] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Aging is a complex process that includes gradual and spontaneous biochemical and physiological changes which contributes to a decline in performance and increased susceptibility to diseases. Zn and Se are essential trace elements that play a pivotal role in immune functions and antioxidant defense and, consequently, are claimed to play also a role in successful aging trajectories. Consistently with their nature of essential trace elements, a plethora of data obtained “in vitro” and “in vivo” (in humans and animal models) support the relevance of Zn and Se for both the innate and adoptive immune response. Moreover, Zn and Se are strictly involved in the synthesis and regulation of activity of proteins and enzymes, e.g., metallothioneins (MT) and glutathione peroxidase (GPX), that are necessary for our endogenous antioxidant response. This is clearly important to protect our cells from oxidative damage and to slow the decline of our immune system with aging. Age-related changes affecting tissue levels of Zn and Se may indicate that the risk of Zn and Se deficiency increases with aging. However, it is still unclear which of these changes can be the consequence of a “real deficiency” and which can be part of our physiological compensatory response to the accumulating damage occurring in aging. Furthermore, the upregulation of antioxidant proteins (Zn and Se dependent) may be a manifestation of self-induced oxidative stress. By the way, Zn and Se dependent proteins are modulated not only by nutritional status, but also by well-known hallmarks of aging that play antagonistic functions, such as the deregulated nutrient sensing pathways and cellular senescence. Thus, it is not an easy task to conduct Zn or Se supplementation in elderly and it is emerging consistent that these kind of supplementation requires an individualized approach. Anyway, there is consistent support that supplementation with Zn using doses around 10 mg/day is generally safe in elderly and may even improve part of immune performances in those subjects with a baseline deficiency. Regarding Se supplementation, it may induce both beneficial and detrimental effects on cellular immunity depending on the form of Se, supplemental dose, and delivery matrix. The nutritional association of supplements based on “Zn plus Se” is hypothesized to provide additional benefits, but this will likely need a more complex individualized approach. The improvement of our knowledge around screening and detection of Zn and Se deficiency in aging could lead to substantial benefits in terms of efficacy of nutritional supplements aimed at ameliorate performance and health in aging.
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Changjun L, Feizhou H, Dezhen P, Zhao L, Xianhai M. MiR-545-3p/MT1M axis regulates cell proliferation, invasion and migration in hepatocellular carcinoma. Biomed Pharmacother 2018; 108:347-354. [PMID: 30227328 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2018.09.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2018] [Revised: 09/02/2018] [Accepted: 09/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Studies have shown that metallothionein 1 M (MT1M) is a tumor suppressor gene which is frequently down-regulated in human hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). The methylation of MT1M promoter region is one of the important transcriptional regulation mechanisms that contribute to the loss of its expression. In our study, we found that there are still half of the 55 HCC tumor tissues in our cohort do not share the promoter methylation of MT1M. So, we speculated there maybe another mechanism participating in the downregulation of MT1M in HCC. Then, we provided evidences that miR-545-3p, which served as a tumor promoter, post-transcriptionally regulate MT1M in HCC through binding to its untranslated region (3'UTR). Taking together, we investigated the role of miR-545-3p in the process of HCC through regulating MT1M.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liu Changjun
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Hunan People's Hospital, Changsha 410005, China; Department of General surgery, the Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha 410013, China
| | - Huang Feizhou
- Department of General surgery, the Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha 410013, China.
| | - Peng Dezhen
- Department of Medicine-Neurology, the Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha 410011, China
| | - Lei Zhao
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Hunan People's Hospital, Changsha 410005, China
| | - Mao Xianhai
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Hunan People's Hospital, Changsha 410005, China
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Nrf2 expression and function, but not MT expression, is indispensable for sulforaphane-mediated protection against intermittent hypoxia-induced cardiomyopathy in mice. Redox Biol 2018; 19:11-21. [PMID: 30096613 PMCID: PMC6086220 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2018.07.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2018] [Revised: 07/08/2018] [Accepted: 07/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
We reported previously that nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) and metallothionein (MT) play critical roles in preventing intermittent hypoxia (IH)-induced cardiomyopathy. In addition, positive feedback regulation between Nrf2 and MT is required for the efficient compensative responses of the heart to IH. As an activator of Nrf2, sulforaphane (SFN) has attracted attention as a potential protective agent against cardiovascular disease. Here, we investigated whether SFN can up-regulate cardiac Nrf2 expression and function, as well as MT expression, to prevent IH-induced cardiomyopathy, and if so, whether Nrf2 and MT are indispensable for this preventive effect. Nrf2-knock-out (Nrf2-KO) or MT-KO mice and their wild-type (WT) equivalents were exposed to IH for 4 weeks with or without SFN treatment. SFN almost completely prevented IH-induced cardiomyopathy in WT mice, and this preventive effect was abolished in Nrf2-KO mice but retained in MT-KO mice. In IH-exposed WT mice, SFN induced significant increases in the expression levels of Nrf2 and its downstream antioxidant target genes, as well as those of MT, but these effects were not seen in IH-exposed Nrf2-KO mice. By contrast, KO of MT did not affect the ability of SFN to up-regulate the expression of Nrf2 and its downstream antioxidant targets. These results suggest that SFN-induced MT expression is Nrf2-dependent, and SFN prevents IH-induced cardiomyopathy in a Nrf2-dependent manner, for which MT is dispensable. This study provides important information that is relevant to the potential use of SFN to prevent IH-induced cardiomyopathy. Sulforaphane (SFN) protects from intermittent-hypoxia (IH)-induced cardiomyopathy; SFN can increase both Nrf2 and metallothionein (MT) but the latter is Nrf2 dependent. SFN protects the heart from IH in wild-type and MT-KO mice, but not in Nrf2 mice. Nrf2 is indispensable, but not MT, for SFN to protect from IH-induced cardiomyopathy.
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15
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Theocharis SE, Margeli AP, Koutselinis A. Metallothionein: A Multifunctional Protein from Toxicity to Cancer. Int J Biol Markers 2018; 18:162-9. [PMID: 14535585 DOI: 10.1177/172460080301800302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
The metallothionein (MT) family is a class of low molecular weight, intracellular and cysteine-rich proteins presenting high affinity for metal ions. Although the members of this family were discovered nearly 40 years ago, their functional significance remains obscure. Four major MT isoforms, MT-1, MT-2, MT-3 and MT-4, have been identified in mammals. MTs are involved in many pathophysiological processes such as metal ion homeostasis and detoxification, protection against oxidative damage, cell proliferation and apoptosis, chemoresistance and radiotherapy resistance. MT isoforms have been shown to be involved in several aspects of the carcinogenic process, cancer development and progression. MT expression has been implicated as a transient response to any form of stress or injury providing cytoprotective action. Although MT participates in the carcinogenic process, its use as a potential marker of tumor differentiation or cell proliferation, or as a predictor of poor prognosis remains unclear. In the present review the involvement of MT in defense mechanisms to toxicity and in carcinogenicity is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- S E Theocharis
- Department of Forensic Medicine and Toxicology, Medical School, University of Athens, Greece.
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16
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Zhou S, Yin X, Jin J, Tan Y, Conklin DJ, Xin Y, Zhang Z, Sun W, Cui T, Cai J, Zheng Y, Cai L. Intermittent hypoxia-induced cardiomyopathy and its prevention by Nrf2 and metallothionein. Free Radic Biol Med 2017; 112:224-239. [PMID: 28778483 PMCID: PMC7453314 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2017.07.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2017] [Revised: 07/12/2017] [Accepted: 07/30/2017] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
The mechanism for intermittent hypoxia (IH)-induced cardiomyopathy remains obscure. We reported the prevention of acute and chronic IH-induced cardiac damage by selective cardiac overexpression of metallothionein (MT). Herein we defined that MT-mediated protection from IH-cardiomyopathy is via activation of nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2), a critical redox-balance controller in the body. For this, mice were exposed to IH for 3 days (acute) or 4 or 8 weeks (chronic). Cardiac Nrf2 and MT expression in response to IH were significantly increased acutely yet decreased chronically. Interestingly, cardiac overexpression (Nrf2-TG) or global deletion of the Nrf2 gene (Nrf2-KO) made mice highly resistant or highly susceptible, respectively, to IH-induced cardiomyopathy and MT expression. Mechanistically, 4-week IH exposure significantly decreased cardiac Nrf2 binding to the MT gene promoter, and thus, depressed both MT transcription and translation in WT mice but not Nrf2-TG mice. Likewise, cardiac MT overexpression prevented chronic IH-induced cardiomyopathy and down-regulation of Nrf2 likely via activation of a PI3K/Akt/GSK-3β/Fyn-dependent signaling pathway. These results reveal an integrated relationship between cardiac Nrf2 and MT expression in response to IH -- acute compensatory up-regulation followed by chronic down-regulation and cardiomyopathy. Cardiac overexpression of either Nrf2 or MT offered cardioprotection from IH via complicated PI3K/Akt/GSK3B/Fyn signaling. Potential therapeutics may target either Nrf2 or MT to prevent chronic IH-induced cardiomyopathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shanshan Zhou
- The Center of Cardiovascular Diseases, the First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China; Pediatric Research Institute, the Department of Pediatrics of University of Louisville, Louisville 40202, USA
| | - Xia Yin
- The Center of Cardiovascular Diseases, the First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China
| | - Jingpeng Jin
- Endoscopy Center China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, 126 Xiantai Street, Changchun 130033, China
| | - Yi Tan
- Pediatric Research Institute, the Department of Pediatrics of University of Louisville, Louisville 40202, USA; Chinese-American Research Institute for Diabetic Complication, Wenzhou Medical College, Wenzhou 325035, China
| | - Daniel J Conklin
- Diabetes and Obesity Center, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40202, USA
| | - Ying Xin
- Key Laboratory of Pathobiology, Ministry of Education, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China
| | - Zhiguo Zhang
- The Center of Cardiovascular Diseases, the First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China; Pediatric Research Institute, the Department of Pediatrics of University of Louisville, Louisville 40202, USA
| | - Weixia Sun
- The Center of Cardiovascular Diseases, the First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China; Pediatric Research Institute, the Department of Pediatrics of University of Louisville, Louisville 40202, USA
| | - Taixing Cui
- Department of Cell Biology and Anatomy, University of South Carolina, School of Medicine, Columbia, SC 29208, USA
| | - Jun Cai
- Pediatric Research Institute, the Department of Pediatrics of University of Louisville, Louisville 40202, USA
| | - Yang Zheng
- The Center of Cardiovascular Diseases, the First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China.
| | - Lu Cai
- Pediatric Research Institute, the Department of Pediatrics of University of Louisville, Louisville 40202, USA; Chinese-American Research Institute for Diabetic Complication, Wenzhou Medical College, Wenzhou 325035, China; Diabetes and Obesity Center, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40202, USA.
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Vo NTK, Sokeechand BSH, Seymour CB, Mothersill CE. Characterizing responses to gamma radiation by a highly clonogenic fish brain endothelial cell line. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2017; 156:297-305. [PMID: 28376375 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2017.03.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2017] [Revised: 03/25/2017] [Accepted: 03/27/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE The clonogenic property and radiobiological responses of a fish brain endothelial cell line, eelB, derived from the American eel were studied. METHODS Clonogenic assays were performed to determine the plating efficiency of the eelB cells and to evaluate the clonogenic survival fractions after direct irradiation to low-dose low-LET gamma radiation or receiving irradiated cell conditioned medium in the bystander effect experiments. RESULT eelB had the second highest plating efficiency ever reported to date for fish cell lines. Large eelB macroscopic colonies could be formed in a short period of time and were easy to identify and count. Unlike with other fish clonogenic cell lines, which had a relatively slow proliferation profile, clonogenic assays with the eelB cells could be completed as early as 12 days in culture. After direct irradiation with gamma rays at low doses ranging from 0.1Gy to 5Gy, the dose-clonogenic survival curve of the eelB cell line showed a linear trend and did not develop a shoulder region. A classical radio-adaptive response was not induced with the clonogenic survival endpoint when the priming dose (0.1 or 0.5Gy) was delivered 6h before the challenge dose (3 or 5Gy). However, a radio-adaptive response was observed in progeny cells that survived 5Gy and developed lethal mutations. eelB appeared to lack the ability to produce damaging radiation-induced bystander signals on both eelB and HaCaT recipient cells. CONCLUSION eelB cell line could be a very useful cell model in the study of radiation impacts on the aquatic health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nguyen T K Vo
- Radiation Sciences Program, School of Graduate and Postdoctoral Studies, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada.
| | - Bibi S H Sokeechand
- Radiation Sciences Program, School of Graduate and Postdoctoral Studies, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Colin B Seymour
- Department of Biology, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
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18
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Ghorbel I, Elwej A, Chaabene M, Boudawara O, Marrakchi R, Jamoussi K, Boudawara TS, Zeghal N. Effects of acrylamide graded doses on metallothioneins I and II induction and DNA fragmentation: Bochemical and histomorphological changes in the liver of adult rats. Toxicol Ind Health 2017; 33:611-622. [PMID: 28490250 DOI: 10.1177/0748233717696613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The present study investigates the toxic effects of acrylamide (ACR) administered to rats at two doses on (i) oxidative stress and disruption of pro-oxidant/antioxidant balance in hepatic cells and (ii) its correlation with metallothioneins (MTs) genes expression, DNA damage and histomorphological changes. Treated rats with 20 and 40 mg/kg body weight of ACR led to an increase in malondialdehyde, hydrogen peroxide, advanced oxidation protein products, protein carbonyl levels as well as an alteration in the antioxidant status. Total MT content in the liver and MT I and MT II genes induction were increased. Plasma transaminases activities, albumin, total protein and glucose levels were also increased, while alkaline phosphatase activity was decreased. Moreover, total cholesterol (TC), triglyceride, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) levels, TC/high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) and LDL-C/HDL-C ratios were increased, while HDL-C decreased in a dose-dependent manner. A random DNA degradation was observed only in the liver of ACR-treated rats with the highest dose. These changes were confirmed by histopathological observations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Imen Ghorbel
- 1 Animal Physiology Laboratory, Sciences Faculty of Sfax, University of Sfax, Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Awatef Elwej
- 1 Animal Physiology Laboratory, Sciences Faculty of Sfax, University of Sfax, Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Mariem Chaabene
- 1 Animal Physiology Laboratory, Sciences Faculty of Sfax, University of Sfax, Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Ons Boudawara
- 2 Anatomopathology Laboratory, CHU Habib Bourguiba, University of Sfax, Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Rim Marrakchi
- 3 Biochemistry Laboratory, CHU Hedi Chaker, University of Sfax, Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Kamel Jamoussi
- 3 Biochemistry Laboratory, CHU Hedi Chaker, University of Sfax, Sfax, Tunisia
| | | | - Najiba Zeghal
- 1 Animal Physiology Laboratory, Sciences Faculty of Sfax, University of Sfax, Sfax, Tunisia
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Dallas LJ, Bean TP, Turner A, Lyons BP, Jha AN. Exposure to tritiated water at an elevated temperature: Genotoxic and transcriptomic effects in marine mussels (M. galloprovincialis). JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RADIOACTIVITY 2016; 164:325-336. [PMID: 27552656 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvrad.2016.07.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2016] [Accepted: 07/27/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Temperature is an abiotic factor of particular concern for assessing the potential impacts of radionuclides on marine species. This is particularly true for tritium, which is discharged as tritiated water (HTO) in the process of cooling nuclear institutions. Additionally, with sea surface temperatures forecast to rise 0.5-3.5 °C in the next 30-100 years, determining the interaction of elevated temperature with radiological exposure has never been more relevant. We assessed the tissue-specific accumulation, transcriptional expression of key genes, and genotoxicity of tritiated water to marine mussels at either 15 or 25 °C, over a 7 day time course with sampling after 1 h, 12 h, 3 d and 7d. The activity concentration used (15 MBq L-1) resulted in tritium accumulation that varied with both time and temperature, but consistently produced dose rates (calculated using the ERICA tool) of <20 Gy h-1, i.e. considerably below the recommended guidelines of the IAEA and EURATOM. Despite this, there was significant induction of DNA strand breaks (as measured by the comet assay), which also showed a temperature-dependent time shift. At 15 °C, DNA damage was only significantly elevated after 7 d, in contrast to 25 °C where a similar response was observed after only 3 d. The transcription profiles of two isoforms of hsp70, hsp90, mt20, p53 and rad51 indicated potential mechanisms behind this temperature-induced acceleration of genotoxicity, which may be the result of compromised defence. Specifically, genes involved in protein folding, DNA double strand break repair and cell cycle checkpoint control were upregulated after 3 d HTO exposure at 15 °C, but significantly downregulated when the same exposure occurred at 25 °C. This study is the first to investigate temperature effects on radiation-induced genotoxicity in an ecologically relevant marine invertebrate, Mytilus galloprovincialis. From an ecological perspective, our study suggests that mussels (or similar marine species) exposed to increased temperature and HTO may have a compromised ability to defend against genotoxic stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lorna J Dallas
- School of Biological Sciences, Plymouth University, Drake Circus, Plymouth, PL4 8AA, UK
| | - Tim P Bean
- Centre for Environment, Fisheries and Aquaculture Science, The Nothe, Barrack Road, Weymouth, DT4 8UB, UK
| | - Andrew Turner
- School of Geography, Earth & Environmental Sciences, Plymouth University, Drake Circus, Plymouth, PL4 8AA, UK
| | - Brett P Lyons
- Centre for Environment, Fisheries and Aquaculture Science, The Nothe, Barrack Road, Weymouth, DT4 8UB, UK
| | - Awadhesh N Jha
- School of Biological Sciences, Plymouth University, Drake Circus, Plymouth, PL4 8AA, UK.
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20
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Ghorbel I, Chaabane M, Elwej A, Boudawara O, Abdelhedi S, Jamoussi K, Boudawara T, Zeghal N. Expression of metallothioneins I and II related to oxidative stress in the liver of aluminium-treated rats. Arch Physiol Biochem 2016; 122:214-222. [PMID: 27230980 DOI: 10.1080/13813455.2016.1187176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Hepatotoxicity, induced by aluminium chloride (AlCl3), has been well studied but there are no reports about liver metallothionein (MT) genes induction. Therefore, it is of interest to establish the mechanism involving the relation between MT gene expression levels and the oxidative stress status in hepatic cells of aluminium-treated rats. Aluminium (Al) was administered to rats in their drinking water at a dose of 50 mg/kg body weight for three weeks. AlCl3 provoked hepatotoxicity objectified by an increase in malondialdehyde (MDA), hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), advanced oxidation protein products (AOPP), protein carbonyls (PCO) and a decrease in reduced glutathione (GSH), non-protein thiols (NPSH) and vitamin C. CAT and Glutathione peroxidase (GPx) activities were decreased while Mn-SOD gene expression, total Metallothionein content and MT I and MT II genes induction were increased. There are changes in plasma of some trace elements, albumin levels, transaminases, LDH and ALP activities. All these changes were supported by histopathological observations.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Ons Boudawara
- b Anatomopathology Laboratory, CHU Habib Bourguiba , and
| | - Sameh Abdelhedi
- c Biochemistry Laboratory, CHU Hedi Chaker, University of Sfax , Sfax , Tunisia
| | - Kamel Jamoussi
- c Biochemistry Laboratory, CHU Hedi Chaker, University of Sfax , Sfax , Tunisia
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21
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Ghorbel I, Maktouf S, Fendri N, Jamoussi K, Ellouze Chaabouni S, Boudawara T, Zeghal N. Co-exposure to aluminum and acrylamide disturbs expression of metallothionein, proinflammatory cytokines and induces genotoxicity: Biochemical and histopathological changes in the kidney of adult rats. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY 2016; 31:1044-1058. [PMID: 25858877 DOI: 10.1002/tox.22114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2014] [Revised: 12/28/2014] [Accepted: 12/29/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
The individual toxic effects of aluminum and acrylamide are known but there is no data on their combined effects. The present study investigates the toxic effects after combined exposure to these toxicants on: (i) oxidative stress during combined chronic exposure to aluminum and acrylamide on kidney function (ii) correlation of oxidative stress with metallothionein (MT) and inflammatory cytokines expression, DNA damage, and histopathological changes. Rats were exposed to aluminum (50 mg/kg body weight) in drinking water and acrylamide (20 mg/kg body weight) by gavage either individually or in combination for 3 weeks. Exposure rats to aluminum chloride or acrylamide alone and in combination induced nephrotoxicity, as evidenced by a decrease in the 24-h urine volume and uric acid levels in plasma and an increase of plasma creatinine, urea, and blood urea nitrogen levels. Nephrotoxicity was objectified by a significant increase in malondialdehyde level, advanced oxidation protein, and protein carbonyl contents, whereas reduced glutathione, nonprotein thiol, vitamin C levels, catalase, and glutathione peroxidase activities showed a significant decline. Superoxide dismutase activity and its gene expression were increased. Aluminum and acrylamide co-exposure exhibited synergism in various biochemical variables and also in DNA damage. Kidney total MT levels and genes expression of MT1, MT2, and proinflammatory cytokines were increased. All these changes were supported by histopathological observations. Co-exposure to aluminum and acrylamide exhibited synergism and more pronounced toxic effects compared with their individual effects based on various biochemical variables, genotoxic, and histopathological changes. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Environ Toxicol 31: 1044-1058, 2016.
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Affiliation(s)
- Imen Ghorbel
- Animal Physiology Laboratory, Sfax Faculty of Sciences, University of Sfax, 3000 Sfax, BP 1171, Tunisia
| | - Sameh Maktouf
- Enzymes and Bioconversions Laboratory, National Engineering School, University of Sfax, BP 1173, 3038, Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Nesrine Fendri
- Biochemistry Laboratory, CHU Hedi Chaker, University of Sfax, 3029, Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Kamel Jamoussi
- Biochemistry Laboratory, CHU Hedi Chaker, University of Sfax, 3029, Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Semia Ellouze Chaabouni
- Enzymes and Bioconversions Laboratory, National Engineering School, University of Sfax, BP 1173, 3038, Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Tahia Boudawara
- Anatomopathology Laboratory, CHU Habib Bourguiba, University of Sfax, 3029, Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Najiba Zeghal
- Animal Physiology Laboratory, Sfax Faculty of Sciences, University of Sfax, 3000 Sfax, BP 1171, Tunisia
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Liu CM, Ma JQ, Liu SS, Feng ZJ, Wang AM. Puerarin protects mouse liver against nickel-induced oxidative stress and inflammation associated with the TLR4/p38/CREB pathway. Chem Biol Interact 2016; 243:29-34. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2015.11.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2015] [Revised: 11/03/2015] [Accepted: 11/13/2015] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Dziegiel P, Pula B, Kobierzycki C, Stasiolek M, Podhorska-Okolow M. Metallothioneins: Structure and Functions. METALLOTHIONEINS IN NORMAL AND CANCER CELLS 2016. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-27472-0_2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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24
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Ghoshal N, Talapatra S, Talukder P, Sengupta M, Ray SK, Chakraborty A, Raychaudhuri SS. Cross-adaptation to cadmium stress in Plantago ovata by pre-exposure to low dose of gamma rays: Effects on metallothionein and metal content. Int J Radiat Biol 2015; 91:611-23. [PMID: 25968556 DOI: 10.3109/09553002.2015.1047984] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To investigate the effects of gamma pre-exposure on cadmium accumulation in Plantago ovata seedlings. Metallothionein (MT) localization was also studied following Cadmium (Cd) treatment in P. ovata. MATERIALS AND METHODS DNA damage was determined by alkaline comet assay. MT gene and protein expression were studied by real-time polymerase chain reaction and flow cytometry, respectively, in root and shoot tissues. Metal accumulation (Cd, zinc [Zn], iron [Fe]) was evaluated by Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy. RESULTS Cd treatment decreased seed germination rate, biomass and free radical scavenging activity and increased DNA damage in a dose-dependent manner. When P. ovata seeds were pre- exposed to 5 Gy gamma dose (prior to Cd treatment) seed germination rate, biomass and free radical scavenging activity increased significantly. MT genes (PoMT1, PoMT2 and PoMT3) and MT protein expression enhanced when 5 Gy gamma-irradiated seeds were grown in Cd containing medium and Cd accumulation also increased in a dose-dependent manner. CONCLUSIONS Higher Cd accumulation in P. ovata seedlings may be attributed to the upregulation of PoMT genes in gamma pretreated seedlings. Localization of metallothionein in cytosol and nucleus indicated its positive role against Cd-mediated cytotoxic and genotoxic effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nirmalya Ghoshal
- a Department of Biophysics , Molecular Biology and Bioinformatics, University of Calcutta , Kolkata , India
| | - Shonima Talapatra
- a Department of Biophysics , Molecular Biology and Bioinformatics, University of Calcutta , Kolkata , India
| | - Pratik Talukder
- a Department of Biophysics , Molecular Biology and Bioinformatics, University of Calcutta , Kolkata , India
| | - Mandar Sengupta
- a Department of Biophysics , Molecular Biology and Bioinformatics, University of Calcutta , Kolkata , India
| | - Suman Kumar Ray
- a Department of Biophysics , Molecular Biology and Bioinformatics, University of Calcutta , Kolkata , India
| | - Anindita Chakraborty
- b UGC-DAE Consortium for Scientific Research, Kolkata Centre, Radiation Biology Division , Salt Lake, Kolkata , India
| | - Sarmistha Sen Raychaudhuri
- a Department of Biophysics , Molecular Biology and Bioinformatics, University of Calcutta , Kolkata , India
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Abstract
Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is a common disorder associated with cardiovascular disease (CVD). One theory to explain this relationship proposes that OSA can induce systemic inflammation, thereby inducing CVD. This theory is based on the premise that obesity is a pro-inflammatory state, and that physiological derangements during sleep in subjects with OSA further aggravate inflammation. In support of this theory, some clinical studies have shown elevated inflammatory biomarkers in OSA subjects, or improvement in these markers following treatment of OSA. However, the data are inconsistent and often confounded by the effects of comorbid obesity. Animal models of OSA have been developed, which involve exposure of rodents or cells to intermittent hypoxia, a hallmark feature of OSA. Several of these experiments demonstrate that intermittent hypoxia can stimulate inflammatory pathways and lead to cardiovascular or metabolic pathology. In this review, we review relationships between OSA and inflammation, with particular attention to studies published within the last year.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dileep Unnikrishnan
- Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 5501 Hopkins Bayview Circle, Rm 5B.81, Baltimore, MD, 21224, USA
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Liang T, Zhang Q, Sun W, Xin Y, Zhang Z, Tan Y, Zhou S, Zhang C, Cai L, Lu X, Cheng M. Zinc treatment prevents type 1 diabetes-induced hepatic oxidative damage, endoplasmic reticulum stress, and cell death, and even prevents possible steatohepatitis in the OVE26 mouse model: Important role of metallothionein. Toxicol Lett 2015; 233:114-24. [PMID: 25617602 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2015.01.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2014] [Revised: 01/11/2015] [Accepted: 01/18/2015] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Whether zinc is able to improve diabetes-induced liver injury remains unknown. Transgenic type 1 diabetic (OVE26) mice develop hyperglycemia at 3 weeks old; therefore therapeutic effect of zinc on diabetes-induced liver injury was investigated in OVE26 mice. Three-month old OVE26 and age-matched wild-type mice were treated by gavage with saline or zinc at 5mg/kg body-weight every other day for 3 months. Hepatic injury was examined by serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT) level with liver histopathological and biochemical changes. OVE26 mice at 6 months old showed significant increases in serum ALT level and hepatic oxidative damage, endoplasmic reticulum stress and associated cell death, mild inflammation, and fibrosis. However, all these hepatic morphological and functional changes were significantly prevented in 3-month zinc-treated OVE26 mice. Mechanistically, zinc treatment significantly increased hepatic metallothionein, a protein with known antioxidant activity, in both wild-type and OVE26 mice. These results suggest that there were significantly functional, structural and biochemical abnormalities in the liver of OVE26 diabetic mice at 6 months old; however, all these changes could be prevented with zinc treatment, which was associated with the upregulation of hepatic metallothionein expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tingting Liang
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Affiliated Hospital of Guiyang Medical College, Guiyang, Guizhou 550004, China; The RuiAn Center of Chinese-American Research Institute for Diabetic Complications, The Department of Endocrinology of The Third Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, RuiAn, Zhejiang 325200, China; Kosair Children's Hospital Research Institute, The Department of Pediatrics of the University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40202, USA
| | - Quan Zhang
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Affiliated Hospital of Guiyang Medical College, Guiyang, Guizhou 550004, China; Kosair Children's Hospital Research Institute, The Department of Pediatrics of the University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40202, USA
| | - Weixia Sun
- The RuiAn Center of Chinese-American Research Institute for Diabetic Complications, The Department of Endocrinology of The Third Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, RuiAn, Zhejiang 325200, China; The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130021, China
| | - Ying Xin
- The RuiAn Center of Chinese-American Research Institute for Diabetic Complications, The Department of Endocrinology of The Third Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, RuiAn, Zhejiang 325200, China; The Key Laboratory of Pathobiology of Ministry of Education at The Norman Bethune Medical College of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130021, China
| | - Zhiguo Zhang
- Kosair Children's Hospital Research Institute, The Department of Pediatrics of the University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40202, USA; The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130021, China
| | - Yi Tan
- The RuiAn Center of Chinese-American Research Institute for Diabetic Complications, The Department of Endocrinology of The Third Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, RuiAn, Zhejiang 325200, China; Kosair Children's Hospital Research Institute, The Department of Pediatrics of the University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40202, USA
| | - Shanshan Zhou
- Kosair Children's Hospital Research Institute, The Department of Pediatrics of the University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40202, USA; The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130021, China
| | - Chi Zhang
- The RuiAn Center of Chinese-American Research Institute for Diabetic Complications, The Department of Endocrinology of The Third Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, RuiAn, Zhejiang 325200, China
| | - Lu Cai
- The RuiAn Center of Chinese-American Research Institute for Diabetic Complications, The Department of Endocrinology of The Third Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, RuiAn, Zhejiang 325200, China; Kosair Children's Hospital Research Institute, The Department of Pediatrics of the University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40202, USA.
| | - Xuemian Lu
- The RuiAn Center of Chinese-American Research Institute for Diabetic Complications, The Department of Endocrinology of The Third Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, RuiAn, Zhejiang 325200, China
| | - Mingliang Cheng
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Affiliated Hospital of Guiyang Medical College, Guiyang, Guizhou 550004, China.
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Wu H, Zhou S, Kong L, Chen J, Feng W, Cai J, Miao L, Tan Y. Metallothionein deletion exacerbates intermittent hypoxia-induced renal injury in mice. Toxicol Lett 2015; 232:340-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2014.11.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2014] [Revised: 10/16/2014] [Accepted: 11/14/2014] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Deletion of metallothionein exacerbates intermittent hypoxia-induced oxidative and inflammatory injury in aorta. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2014; 2014:141053. [PMID: 25177426 PMCID: PMC4142187 DOI: 10.1155/2014/141053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2014] [Revised: 07/08/2014] [Accepted: 07/08/2014] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
The present study was to explore the effect of metallothionein (MT) on intermittent hypoxia (IH) induced aortic pathogenic changes. Markers of oxidative damages, inflammation, and vascular remodeling were observed by immunohistochemical staining after 3 days and 1, 3, and 8 weeks after IH exposures. Endogenous MT was induced after 3 days of IH but was significantly decreased after 8 weeks of IH. Compared with the wild-type mice, MT knock-out mice exhibited earlier and more severe pathogenic changes of oxidative damages, inflammatory responses, and cellular apoptosis, as indicated by the significant accumulation of collagen, increased levels of connective tissue growth factor, transforming growth factor β1, tumor necrosis factor-alpha, vascular cell adhesion molecule 1,3-nitrotyrosine, and 4-hydroxy-2-nonenal in the aorta. These findings suggested that chronic IH may lead to aortic damages characterized by oxidative stress and inflammation, and MT may play a pivotal role in the above pathogenesis process.
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Liu Q, Wang S, Cai L. Diabetic cardiomyopathy and its mechanisms: Role of oxidative stress and damage. J Diabetes Investig 2014; 5:623-34. [PMID: 25422760 PMCID: PMC4234223 DOI: 10.1111/jdi.12250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 139] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2014] [Revised: 05/12/2014] [Accepted: 05/14/2014] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Diabetic cardiomyopathy as an important threat to health occurs with or without coexistence of vascular diseases. The exact mechanisms underlying the disease remain incompletely clear. Although several pathological mechanisms responsible for diabetic cardiomyopathy have been proposed, oxidative stress is widely considered as one of the major causes for the pathogenesis of the disease. Hyperglycemia-, hyperlipidemia-, hypertension- and inflammation-induced oxidative stress are major risk factors for the development of microvascular pathogenesis in the diabetic myocardium, which results in abnormal gene expression, altered signal transduction and the activation of pathways leading to programmed myocardial cell deaths. In the present article, we aim to provide an extensive review of the role of oxidative stress and anti-oxidants in diabetic cardiomyopathy based on our own works and literature information available.
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Affiliation(s)
- Quan Liu
- Center of Cardiovascular Diseases at the First Hospital of the Jilin University Changchun, China
| | - Shudong Wang
- Center of Cardiovascular Diseases at the First Hospital of the Jilin University Changchun, China ; Kosair Children's Hospital Research Institute, the Department of Pediatrics, the University of Louisville Louisville, KY, USA
| | - Lu Cai
- Kosair Children's Hospital Research Institute, the Department of Pediatrics, the University of Louisville Louisville, KY, USA ; Departments of Radiation Oncology, Pharmacology and Toxicology, the University of Louisville Louisville, KY, USA
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Sun W, Miao X, Zhou S, Zhang L, Epstein PN, Mellen N, Zheng Y, Fu Y, Wang Y, Cai L. Zinc rescue of Akt2 gene deletion-linked murine cardiac dysfunction and pathological changes is metallothionein-dependent. J Mol Cell Cardiol 2014; 74:88-97. [PMID: 24819347 DOI: 10.1016/j.yjmcc.2014.04.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2013] [Revised: 04/23/2014] [Accepted: 04/30/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
We have demonstrated that zinc supplementation provides cardiac protection from diabetes in mice, but its underlying mechanism remains unclear. Since zinc mimics the function of insulin, it may provide benefit to the heart via stimulating Akt-mediated glucose metabolism. Akt2 plays an important role in cardiac glucose metabolism and mice with Akt2 gene deletion (Akt2-KO) exhibit a type 2 diabetes phenotype; therefore, we assumed that no cardiac protection by zinc supplementation from diabetes would be observed in Akt2-KO mice. Surprisingly, despite Akt2 gene deletion, zinc supplementation provided protection against cardiac dysfunction and other pathological changes in Akt2-KO mice, which were accompanied by significant decreases in Akt and GSK-3β phosphorylation. Correspondingly, glycogen synthase phosphorylation and hexokinase II and PGC-1α expression, all involved in the regulation of glucose metabolism, were significantly altered in diabetic hearts, along with a significantly increased expression of Akt negative regulators: PTEN, PTP1B, and TRB3. All these molecular, pathological, and functional changes were significantly prevented by 3-month zinc supplementation. Furthermore, the stimulation of Akt-mediated glucose metabolic kinases or enzymes by zinc treatment was metallothionein-dependent since it could not be observed in metallothionein-knockout mice. These results suggest that zinc preserves cardiac function and structure in Akt2-KO mice presumably due to its insulin mimetic effect on cardiac glucose-metabolism. The cardioprotective effects of zinc are metallothionein-dependent. This is very important since zinc supplementation may be required for patients with Akt2 gene deficiency or insulin resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weixia Sun
- The First Hospital of Jilin University, Jilin 130021, China; Kosair Children's Hospital Research Institute, Department of Pediatrics, University of Louisville, KY 40202, USA
| | - Xiao Miao
- Kosair Children's Hospital Research Institute, Department of Pediatrics, University of Louisville, KY 40202, USA; The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Jilin 130041, China
| | - Shanshan Zhou
- The First Hospital of Jilin University, Jilin 130021, China; Kosair Children's Hospital Research Institute, Department of Pediatrics, University of Louisville, KY 40202, USA
| | - Li Zhang
- The First Hospital of Jilin University, Jilin 130021, China
| | - Paul N Epstein
- Kosair Children's Hospital Research Institute, Department of Pediatrics, University of Louisville, KY 40202, USA; Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Louisville, KY 40202, USA
| | - Nicholas Mellen
- Kosair Children's Hospital Research Institute, Department of Pediatrics, University of Louisville, KY 40202, USA
| | - Yang Zheng
- The First Hospital of Jilin University, Jilin 130021, China
| | - Yaowen Fu
- The First Hospital of Jilin University, Jilin 130021, China
| | - Yuehui Wang
- The First Hospital of Jilin University, Jilin 130021, China.
| | - Lu Cai
- Kosair Children's Hospital Research Institute, Department of Pediatrics, University of Louisville, KY 40202, USA; Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Louisville, KY 40202, USA.
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31
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Ji XF, Fan YC, Gao S, Yang Y, Zhang JJ, Wang K. MT1M and MT1G promoter methylation as biomarkers for hepatocellular carcinoma. World J Gastroenterol 2014; 20:4723-4729. [PMID: 24782625 PMCID: PMC4000509 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v20.i16.4723] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2013] [Revised: 01/10/2014] [Accepted: 02/20/2014] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM: To investigate the potential of promoter methylation of two tumor suppressor genes (TSGs) as biomarkers for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC).
METHODS: A total of 189 subjects were included in this retrospective cohort, which contained 121 HCC patients without any history of curative treatment, 37 patients with chronic hepatitis B (CHB), and 31 normal controls (NCs). DNA samples were extracted from 400 μL of serum of each subject and then modified using bisulfite treatment. Methylation of the promoters of the TSGs (metallothionein 1M, MT1M; and metallothionein 1G, MT1G) was determined using methylation-specific polymerase chain reaction. The diagnostic value of combined MT1M and MT1G promoter methylation was evaluated using the area under the receiver operating characteristic curves.
RESULTS: Our results indicated that the methylation status of serum MT1M (48.8%, 59/121) and MT1G (70.2%, 85/121) promoters in the HCC group was significantly higher than that in the CHB group (MT1M 5.4%, 2/37, P < 0.001; MT1G 16.2%, 6/37, P < 0.001) and NC group (MT1M 6.5%, 2/31, P < 0.001; MT1G 12.9%, 4/27, P < 0.001). Aberrant serum MT1M promoter methylation gave higher specificity to discriminate HCC from CHB (94.6%) and NCs (93.5%), whereas combined methylation of serum MT1M and MT1G promoters showed higher diagnostic sensitivity (90.9%), suggesting that they are potential markers for noninvasive detection of HCC. Furthermore, MT1M promoter methylation was positively correlated with tumor size (rs = 0.321, P < 0.001), and HCC patients with both MT1M and MT1G promoter methylation tended to show a higher incidence of vascular invasion or metastasis (P = 0.018).
CONCLUSION: MT1M and MT1G promoter methylation may be used as serum biomarkers for noninvasive detection of HCC.
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32
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Metallothionein prevents intermittent hypoxia-induced cardiac endoplasmic reticulum stress and cell death likely via activation of Akt signaling pathway in mice. Toxicol Lett 2014; 227:113-23. [PMID: 24680926 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2014.03.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2013] [Revised: 03/17/2014] [Accepted: 03/17/2014] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress, an adaptive response normally, causes apoptotic cell death under pathological conditions. Cardiac ER stress and associated cell death involve in the inflammatory responses that often cause cardiac remodeling and dysfunction. Here we examined whether chronic intermittent hypoxia (IH) induces cardiac ER stress and associated cell death along with inflammatory response and if so, whether these effects can be affected by transgenic overexpression or deletion of metallothionein gene (MT-TG or MT-KO). IH exposures for 3 days to 4 weeks significantly increased cardiac ER stress and apoptosis, shown by the increased expression of GRP78, ATF6 and CHOP, the activation of caspase-12 and capase-3, and the decreased Bcl2/Bax expression ratio, predominantly in the 3rd week of IH exposures. These effects were significantly exacerbated in MT-KO mice, but completely prevented in MT-TG mice. In vitro mechanistic study with H9c2 cardiac and primary neonatal cardiomyocytes showed that MT protection from ER stress-induced apoptosis was mediated by up-regulating Akt phosphorylation since inhibition of Akt phosphorylation abolished MT's protection MT from ER stress and apoptosis. These findings suggest that chronic IH is able to induce cardiac ER stress, cell death and inflammation can be prevented by MT, probably via up-regulation of Akt function.
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Yin X, Zhou S, Zheng Y, Tan Y, Kong M, Wang B, Feng W, Epstein PN, Cai J, Cai L. Metallothionein as a compensatory component prevents intermittent hypoxia-induced cardiomyopathy in mice. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2014; 277:58-66. [PMID: 24657099 DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2014.03.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2013] [Revised: 03/03/2014] [Accepted: 03/04/2014] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) causes chronic intermittent hypoxia (IH) to induce cardiovascular disease, which may be related to oxidative damage. Metallothionein (MT) has been extensively proved to be an endogenous and highly inducible antioxidant protein expressed in the heart. Therefore, we tested the hypotheses that oxidative stress plays a critical role in OSA induced cardiac damage and MT protects the heart from OSA-induced cardiomyopathy. To mimic hypoxia/reoxygenation events that occur in adult OSA patients, mice were exposed to IH for 3 days to 8 weeks. The IH paradigm consisted of alternating cycles of 20.9% O₂/8% O₂ F(I)O₂ (30 episodes per hour) with 20s at the nadir F(I)O₂ for 12 h a day during daylight. IH significantly increased the ratio of heart weight to tibia length at 4 weeks with a decrease in cardiac function from 4 to 8 weeks. Cardiac oxidative damage and fibrosis were observed after 4 and 8 weeks of IH exposures. Endogenous MT expression was up-regulated in response to 3-day IH, but significantly decreased at 4 and 8 weeks of IH. In support of MT as a major compensatory component, mice with cardiac overexpression of MT gene and mice with global MT gene deletion were completely resistant, and highly sensitive, respectively, to chronic IH induced cardiac effects. These findings suggest that chronic IH induces cardiomyopathy characterized by oxidative stress-mediated cardiac damage and the antioxidant MT protects the heart from such pathological and functional changes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xia Yin
- The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, China; KCHRI at the Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, University of Louisville, Louisville, 40202, USA
| | - Shanshan Zhou
- The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, China; KCHRI at the Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, University of Louisville, Louisville, 40202, USA
| | - Yang Zheng
- The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, China.
| | - Yi Tan
- KCHRI at the Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, University of Louisville, Louisville, 40202, USA; Chinese-American Research Institute for Diabetic Complications, Wenzhou Medical College School of Pharmacy, Wenzhou, 325035, China
| | - Maiying Kong
- Department of Bioinformatics and Biostatistics, School of Public Health and Information Sciences, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40202, USA
| | - Bo Wang
- KCHRI at the Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, University of Louisville, Louisville, 40202, USA; Department of Pathology, Inner Mongolia Forestry General Hospital, Yakeshi, 022150, China
| | - Wenke Feng
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Louisville, Louisville, 40202, USA
| | - Paul N Epstein
- KCHRI at the Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, University of Louisville, Louisville, 40202, USA
| | - Jun Cai
- KCHRI at the Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, University of Louisville, Louisville, 40202, USA.
| | - Lu Cai
- KCHRI at the Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, University of Louisville, Louisville, 40202, USA; Chinese-American Research Institute for Diabetic Complications, Wenzhou Medical College School of Pharmacy, Wenzhou, 325035, China; Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Louisville, Louisville, 40202, USA
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Sun W, Wang Y, Miao X, Wang Y, Zhang L, Xin Y, Zheng S, Epstein PN, Fu Y, Cai L. Renal improvement by zinc in diabetic mice is associated with glucose metabolism signaling mediated by metallothionein and Akt, but not Akt2. Free Radic Biol Med 2014; 68:22-34. [PMID: 24296248 PMCID: PMC5288838 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2013.11.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2013] [Revised: 11/07/2013] [Accepted: 11/15/2013] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Human epidemiological and animal studies have shown the beneficial effect of zinc supplementation on mitigating diabetic nephropathy. However, the mechanism by which zinc protects the kidney from diabetes remains unknown. Here we demonstrate the therapeutic effects of zinc on diabetes-induced renal pathological and functional changes. These abnormalities were found in both transgenic OVE26 and Akt2-KO diabetic mouse models, accompanied by significant changes in glucose-metabolism-related regulators. The changes included significantly decreased phosphorylation of Akt and GSK-3β, increased phosphorylation of renal glycogen synthase, decreased expression of hexokinase II and PGC-1α, and increased expression of the Akt negative regulators PTEN, PTP1B, and TRB3. All of these were significantly prevented by zinc treatment for 3 months. Furthermore, zinc-stimulated changes in glucose metabolism mediated by Akt were actually found to be metallothionein dependent, but not Akt2 dependent. These results suggest that the therapeutic effects of zinc in diabetic nephropathy are mediated, in part, by the preservation of glucose-metabolism-related pathways via the prevention of diabetes-induced upregulation of Akt negative regulators. Given that zinc deficiency is very common in diabetics, this finding implies that regularly monitoring zinc levels in diabetic patients, as well as supplementing if low, is important in mitigating the development of diabetic nephropathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weixia Sun
- First Hospital, Jilin University, Jilin 130021, China; Kosair Children's Hospital Research Institute, Department of Pediatrics, University of Louisville, KY 40202, USA
| | - Yuehui Wang
- Second Hospital, Jilin University, Jilin 130041, China
| | - Xiao Miao
- Kosair Children's Hospital Research Institute, Department of Pediatrics, University of Louisville, KY 40202, USA; Second Hospital, Jilin University, Jilin 130041, China
| | - Yonggang Wang
- Kosair Children's Hospital Research Institute, Department of Pediatrics, University of Louisville, KY 40202, USA; China-Japan Union Hospital, Jilin University, Jilin 130031, China
| | - Li Zhang
- First Hospital, Jilin University, Jilin 130021, China
| | - Ying Xin
- Kosair Children's Hospital Research Institute, Department of Pediatrics, University of Louisville, KY 40202, USA; Norman Bethune Medical College, Jilin University, Jilin 130021, China
| | - Shirong Zheng
- Kosair Children's Hospital Research Institute, Department of Pediatrics, University of Louisville, KY 40202, USA
| | - Paul N Epstein
- Kosair Children's Hospital Research Institute, Department of Pediatrics, University of Louisville, KY 40202, USA; Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Louisville, KY 40202, USA
| | - Yaowen Fu
- First Hospital, Jilin University, Jilin 130021, China.
| | - Lu Cai
- Kosair Children's Hospital Research Institute, Department of Pediatrics, University of Louisville, KY 40202, USA; Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Louisville, KY 40202, USA.
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Russo R, Bonaventura R, Matranga V. Time- and dose-dependent gene expression in sea urchin embryos exposed to UVB. MARINE ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2014; 93:85-92. [PMID: 24011617 DOI: 10.1016/j.marenvres.2013.08.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2013] [Revised: 08/02/2013] [Accepted: 08/07/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
The increase of UVB radiation reaching marine environment has harmful effects on living organisms. Paracentrotus lividus sea urchin embryos living in shallow water are exposed to radiations, providing a good model for studying the molecular mechanisms activated upon UV stress. Here, we report the modulated time- and dose-dependent expression of six genes, known to be involved in stress response, in embryos exposed at cleavage to 400 and 800 J/m(2) UVB, and collected at early (morula) and later (gastrula) stages. We analyzed their mRNA levels by QPCR and found that Pl-14-3-3 showed a dose-dependent induction, both early and late in development; Pl-c-jun was up-regulated proportionally to the UVB dose at early stages and only at 800 J/m(2) UVB at later stages; Pl-XPB-ERCC3, Pl-MT and Pl-NF-kB were highly up-regulated later in development at the high dose, with the exception of Pl-XPB-ERCC3 whose mRNA levels were high also at the lower dose; Pl-FOXO expression was not affected by UVB radiation. We believe that the identification of UVB-responsive genes in irradiated sea urchin embryos, reported for the first time in this study, will be helpful for the understanding of the involved molecular pathways. The correlation between the impaired morphogenesis, affecting endo-mesoderm differentiation, and gene modulations described herewith is also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberta Russo
- Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Istituto di Biomedicina e Immunologia Molecolare "Alberto Monroy", Via Ugo La Malfa 153, 90146 Palermo, Italy.
| | - Rosa Bonaventura
- Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Istituto di Biomedicina e Immunologia Molecolare "Alberto Monroy", Via Ugo La Malfa 153, 90146 Palermo, Italy
| | - Valeria Matranga
- Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Istituto di Biomedicina e Immunologia Molecolare "Alberto Monroy", Via Ugo La Malfa 153, 90146 Palermo, Italy
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Cong W, Zhao T, Zhu Z, Huang B, Ma W, Wang Y, Tan Y, Chakrabarti S, Li X, Jin L, Cai L. Metallothionein prevents cardiac pathological changes in diabetes by modulating nitration and inactivation of cardiac ATP synthase. J Nutr Biochem 2014; 25:463-74. [PMID: 24629910 DOI: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2013.12.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2013] [Revised: 12/14/2013] [Accepted: 12/23/2013] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Mitochondrial ATP production is the main energy source for the cell. Diabetes reduces the efficient generation of ATP, possibly due to the inactivation of ATP synthase. However, the exact mechanism by which diabetes induces inactivation of ATP synthase remains unknown, as well as whether such inactivation has a role in the development of pathological abnormalities of the diabetic heart. To address these issues, we used cardiac metallothionein-transgenic (MT-TG) and wild-type (WT) mice with streptozotocin-induced diabetes, since we have demonstrated previously that diabetes-induced cardiac damage and remodeling were found in WT diabetic mice, but not in MT-TG diabetic mice. Immunohistochemical and biochemical assays were used to compare pathological and biochemical changes of the heart between MT-TG and WT diabetic mice, and a proteomic assay to evaluate ATP synthase expression and tyrosine nitration, with its activity. LC/MS analysis revealed that diabetes increased tyrosine nitration of the ATP synthase α subunit at Tyr(271), Tyr(311), and Tyr(476), and the β subunit at Tyr(269) and Tyr(508), and also significantly reduced ATP synthase activity by ~32%. These changes were not observed in MT-TG diabetic mice. Furthermore, parallel experiments with induced expression of cardiac MT by zinc supplementation in diabetic mice produced similar effects. These results suggest that MT can preserve ATP synthase activity in streptozotocin-induced diabetes, probably through the inhibition of ATP synthase nitration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weitao Cong
- Chinese-American Research Institute for Diabetic Complications, Wenzhou Medical University, Zhejiang, P.R. China; School of Pharmaceutical Science, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, P.R. China
| | - Ting Zhao
- Chinese-American Research Institute for Diabetic Complications, Wenzhou Medical University, Zhejiang, P.R. China; School of Pharmaceutical Science, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, P.R. China
| | - Zhongxin Zhu
- Chinese-American Research Institute for Diabetic Complications, Wenzhou Medical University, Zhejiang, P.R. China; School of Pharmaceutical Science, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, P.R. China
| | - Binbin Huang
- Chinese-American Research Institute for Diabetic Complications, Wenzhou Medical University, Zhejiang, P.R. China; School of Pharmaceutical Science, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, P.R. China
| | - Weide Ma
- Laboratory of Gynecology and Obstetrics, People's Hospital of Wenzhou, Zhejiang, P.R. China
| | - Yuehui Wang
- Department of Geriatric Medicine, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, P.R. China
| | - Yi Tan
- Chinese-American Research Institute for Diabetic Complications, Wenzhou Medical University, Zhejiang, P.R. China; Kosair Children's Hospital Research Institute (KCHRI), Department of Pediatrics, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, KY, USA
| | - Subrata Chakrabarti
- Department of Pathology, Schulich School of Medicine & Dentistry, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Xiaokun Li
- Chinese-American Research Institute for Diabetic Complications, Wenzhou Medical University, Zhejiang, P.R. China; School of Pharmaceutical Science, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, P.R. China
| | - Litai Jin
- Chinese-American Research Institute for Diabetic Complications, Wenzhou Medical University, Zhejiang, P.R. China; School of Pharmaceutical Science, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, P.R. China.
| | - Lu Cai
- Chinese-American Research Institute for Diabetic Complications, Wenzhou Medical University, Zhejiang, P.R. China; Kosair Children's Hospital Research Institute (KCHRI), Department of Pediatrics, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, KY, USA.
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Sankavaram K, Chong L, Bruno RS, Freake HC. Zinc Status Alters Growth and Oxidative Stress Responses in Rat Hepatoma Cells. Nutr Cancer 2013; 66:104-16. [DOI: 10.1080/01635581.2014.851713] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
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Park Y, Yu E. Expression of metallothionein-1 and metallothionein-2 as a prognostic marker in hepatocellular carcinoma. J Gastroenterol Hepatol 2013; 28:1565-72. [PMID: 23662831 DOI: 10.1111/jgh.12261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/15/2013] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Metallothionein (MT)-1 and -2 are low-molecular weight, cysteine-rich, intracellular metal-binding proteins involved in diverse functions, such as metal homeostasis, cell cycle progression, cell differentiation, and carcinogenesis. This study investigated the expression of MT-1 and MT-2 as a prognostic marker in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). METHODS Expression of MT-1 and MT-2 were evaluated immunohistochemically in tissue microarrays containing samples from 370 HCCs, 336 adjacent noncancerous livers, and 12 normal livers. The relationships between MT-1 and MT-2 expression and the clinicopathological parameters of HCC were assessed. RESULTS The expression of MT-1 and MT-2 was uniformly strong in the nucleus and cytoplasm of normal liver, but varied in noncancerous livers and HCCs. Loss of nuclear and cytoplasmic expression was significantly more in HCCs than in adjacent noncancerous livers (P < 0.001). The loss of nuclear expression of MT-1 and MT-2 was significantly correlated with high Edmondson-Steiner grade and the presence of microvascular invasion (P < 0.05 each). Multivariate analysis showed that the loss of nuclear expression of MT-1 and MT-2 was an independent poor prognostic factor for both recurrence-free survival and overall survival. CONCLUSIONS The expression of MT-1 and MT-2 may play a role in HCC differentiation and carcinogenesis, and may predict prognosis in patients with HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yangsoon Park
- Department of Pathology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
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Walentowicz-Sadlecka M, Koper A, Krystyna G, Koper K, Basta P, Mach P, Skret-Magierlo J, Dutsch-Wicherek M, Sikora J, Grabiec M, Kazmierczak W, Wicherek L. The analysis of metallothionein immunoreactivity in stromal fibroblasts and macrophages in cases of uterine cervical carcinoma with respect to both the local and distant spread of the disease. Am J Reprod Immunol 2013; 70:253-61. [PMID: 23590599 DOI: 10.1111/aji.12120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2013] [Accepted: 03/11/2013] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
PROBLEM The tumor microenvironment is made up of tissue that is responsible for the growth and progression of the tumor as well as its ability to initiate metastases. The cancer cells on the front of the tumor together with the macrophages and fibroblasts help to constitute the aggressive phenotype of the tumor. The presence of this aggressive phenotype is indicated by the local infiltration of cancer cells and by the development of lymph node metastases. In cases of uterine cancer, the extent of the local and distant spread of the disease is crucial for determining the type of therapeutic strategy to be applied - surgery alone, surgery followed by radio-chemotherapy, or radio-chemotherapy alone. In the interest of trying to improve the patient's quality of life, different studies supporting the therapeutic model of surgery alone have been conducted. While the cancer cells on the tumor front together with the macrophages and the fibroblasts help to constitute the aggressive phenotype of the tumor, metallothionein (MT) has been shown to have both pro-proliferative and anti-apoptotic activities and to participate in microenvironment remodeling. The aim of the current study was to determine the levels of MT immunoreactivity in the uterine cervical cancer cells as well as in the stromal fibroblasts and macrophages of the tumor microenvironment with respect to the depth of the local invasion and the extent of the distant metastases, so that its potential predictive value as a therapeutic strategy for cervical cancer can be ascertained. METHODS We determined the levels of immunoreactivity of MT in a total of 57 carcinoma tissue samples (in the tumor front, in its central part, and in the macrophages and fibroblasts present within the tumor microenvironment). The patients from whom the samples derived were divided into groups with respect to the presence of lymph node metastases (distant spread) and to the depth of invasion (local spread) in relation to the FIGO stage. RESULTS Metallothionein immunoreactivity was observed in uterine cervical cancer cells; it was also identified in the fibroblasts and macrophages found within the microenvironments of the tumors of patients suffering from the disease. The MT immunoreactivity level significantly increased within the whole cancer nest in relation to the FIGO stage (intensity of the local spread of the disease). Similarly, the infiltration of MT-positive CAFs and TAMs statistically significantly increased in relation to the FIGO stage. CONCLUSION The level of MT immunoreactivity found in the fibroblasts and macrophages within the tumor microenvironment seems to be indicative of the intensity of the remodeled cervical tumor microenvironment, and this in turn may be related to the local advancement of the disease. Moreover, it appears that the intensity of the metallothionein immunoreactivity in the immunoreactivity profile of the cervical tumor may be linked to both the depth of the local invasion and the extent of the distant advancement of the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Malgorzata Walentowicz-Sadlecka
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Ludwik Rydygier Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University, Bydgoszcz, Poland
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Hwang TL, Chen HY, Changchien TT, Wang CC, Wu CM. The cytotoxicity of mercury chloride to the keratinocytes is associated with metallothionein expression. Biomed Rep 2013; 1:379-382. [PMID: 24648953 DOI: 10.3892/br.2013.65] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2012] [Accepted: 02/05/2013] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
There are trace amounts of heavy metals in cosmetics. Heavy metals such as mercury (Hg), which is added to skin-whitening cosmetics, may cause acute or chronic damage to human cells. The aim of this study was to investigate the cytotoxicity of mercury chloride (HgCl2) to human keratinocytes. The keratinocytes were treated with various concentrations of HgCl2 and the cell survival fractions were found to be 38.08, 17.59, 12.76, 3.29 and 0.77% when the cells were treated with 0.25, 0.5, 0.75, 1 and 1.5 μM of HgCl2, respectively. Moreover, we observed that the greatest damage was to the cell membrane. The metallothionein (MT) protein expression was also investigated. MT expression levels increased with increasing concentrations of HgCl2. The results indicated that MT protects the keratinocytes against HgCl2-induced toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tsann-Long Hwang
- Department of Surgery, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Tao-Yuan, Taiwan, R.O.C. ; Department of Surgery, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Tao-Yuan, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Hsiao-Ying Chen
- Department of Cosmetic Science, Vanung University, Tao-Yuan, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | | | - Chee-Chan Wang
- Department of Cosmetic Science, Vanung University, Tao-Yuan, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Chi-Ming Wu
- Department of Cosmetic Science, Vanung University, Tao-Yuan, Taiwan, R.O.C
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41
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Zinc homeostasis in the metabolic syndrome and diabetes. Front Med 2013; 7:31-52. [PMID: 23385610 DOI: 10.1007/s11684-013-0251-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 101] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2012] [Accepted: 12/26/2012] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Zinc (Zn) is an essential mineral that is required for various cellular functions. Zn dyshomeostasis always is related to certain disorders such as metabolic syndrome, diabetes and diabetic complications. The associations of Zn with metabolic syndrome, diabetes and diabetic complications, thus, stem from the multiple roles of Zn: (1) a constructive component of many important enzymes or proteins, (2) a requirement for insulin storage and secretion, (3) a direct or indirect antioxidant action, and (4) an insulin-like action. However, whether there is a clear cause-and-effect relationship of Zn with metabolic syndrome, diabetes, or diabetic complications remains unclear. In fact, it is known that Zn deficiency is a common phenomenon in diabetic patients. Chronic low intake of Zn was associated with the increased risk of diabetes and diabetes also impairs Zn metabolism. Theoretically Zn supplementation should prevent the metabolic syndrome, diabetes, and diabetic complications; however, limited available data are not always supportive of the above notion. Therefore, this review has tried to summarize these pieces of available information, possible mechanisms by which Zn prevents the metabolic syndrome, diabetes, and diabetic complications. In the final part, what are the current issues for Zn supplementation were also discussed.
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42
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Kessabi K, Said K, Messaoudi I. Comparative study of longevity, growth, and biomarkers of metal detoxication and oxidative stress between normal and deformed Aphanius fasciatus (Pisces, Cyprinodontidae). JOURNAL OF TOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH. PART A 2013; 76:1269-1281. [PMID: 24283419 DOI: 10.1080/15287394.2013.850136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
This study compared fish longevity, growth, and oxidative stress between normal and deformed Aphanius fasciatus collected from the Gulf of Gabes. For this purpose, fish were collected from control (S1) and polluted (S2) sites in Tunisian coast and percentages of spinal deformities were determined. Oxidative stress biomarkers were also compared between normal and deformed fish, including levels of protein sulfhydryl (SH), malondialdehyde (MDA), and metallothioneins (MT), as well as activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and alkaline phosphatase (AP). Levels of heavy metals (Cd, Cu, and Zn) and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH) were also measured. Data showed that the highest occurrence of deformities was observed in younger fish and decreased significantly thereafter with age. Chemical analysis demonstrated high levels of heavy metals and PAH at polluted sites compared to a reference location. In deformed fish, a growth perturbation marked by a decrease of growth rate and condition index (CI), a high accumulation of Cd was noted. In addition, oxidative stress marked by changes in the studied biomarkers was observed. Taken together, oxidative stress, diminished longevity, and a disturbance of growth may be considered to be responsible factors contributing to spinal deformities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaouthar Kessabi
- a LR11ES41, Génétique, Biodiversité et Valorisation des Bioressources, Institut Supérieur de Biotechnologie , Université de Monastir , Monastir , Tunisia
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Pula B, Domoslawski P, Podhorska-Okolow M, Dziegiel P. Role of metallothioneins in benign and malignant thyroid lesions. Thyroid Res 2012; 5:26. [PMID: 23273222 PMCID: PMC3544669 DOI: 10.1186/1756-6614-5-26] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2012] [Accepted: 12/18/2012] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Recent findings in the past two decades have brought many insights into the biology of thyroid benign and malignant lesions, in particular the papillary and follicular thyroid cancers. Although, much progress have been made, thyroid cancers still pose diagnostic problems regarding differentiation of follicular lesions in relation to their aggressiveness and the treatment of advanced and undifferentiated thyroid cancers. Metallothioneins (MTs) were shown to induce cancer cells proliferation, mediate resistance to apoptosis, certain chemotherapeutics and radiotherapy. Therefore, MTs may be of utility in diagnosis and management of patients with benign and malignant lesions of the thyroid.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bartosz Pula
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Medical University in Wroclaw, Wroclaw, Poland.
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Li B, Tan Y, Sun W, Fu Y, Miao L, Cai L. The role of zinc in the prevention of diabetic cardiomyopathy and nephropathy. Toxicol Mech Methods 2012; 23:27-33. [PMID: 23039870 DOI: 10.3109/15376516.2012.735277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Zinc (Zn) is one of the essential trace elements and has numerous physiological functions. Zn acts as an antioxidant and also as a part of other antioxidant related proteins, such as metallothionein (MT) and Zn-copper superoxide dismutase. Zn deficiency often occurs in patients with diabetes. Therefore, the effect of Zn deficiency or Zn supplementation on diabetes-induced cardiac and renal pathogeneses has been explored. Diabetes was induced by streptozotocin (STZ) in mice and rats. Zn deficiency was induced by chronic treatment of diabetic mice with Zn chelator N,N,N,N-Tetrakis(2-pyridylmethyl)-1,2-ethylenediamine (TPEN) for 4 months. For Zn supplementation study, diabetic mice or rats were treated with Zn for 3 months. Inflammation, fibrosis, and histopathological changes in the heart and kidney of these diabetic mice and rats were examined by western blotting assay, immunohistochemical and fluorescent staining. Results showed that diabetes induced cardiac and renal oxidative damage, inflammation and fibrosis, which were reversed by Zn supplementation that also induced cardiac and renal MT synthesis. Furthermore, Zn deficiency was found to significantly enhance the renal damage induced by diabetes. Several clinical observations also support the preventive effect of Zn in the development of diabetic cardiomyopathy and nephropathy. Therefore, Zn plays an important role in the protection of the heart and kidney against diabetes-induced oxidative damage, inflammation, and fibrosis. These studies suggested that diabetic patients should be monitored and treated for Zn deficiency to avoid the acceleration of diabetes-induced cardiac and renal injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bing Li
- Department of Nephrology at the Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
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Krizkova S, Ryvolova M, Hrabeta J, Adam V, Stiborova M, Eckschlager T, Kizek R. Metallothioneins and zinc in cancer diagnosis and therapy. Drug Metab Rev 2012; 44:287-301. [PMID: 23050852 DOI: 10.3109/03602532.2012.725414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Metallothioneins (MTs) are involved in protection against oxidative stress (OS) and toxic metals and they participate in zinc metabolism and its homeostasis. Disturbing of zinc homeostasis can lead to formation of reactive oxygen species, which can result in OS causing alterations in immunity, aging, and civilization diseases, but also in cancer development. It is not surprising that altered zinc metabolism and expression of MTs are of great interest in the case of studying of oncogenesis and cancer prognosis. The role of MTs and zinc in cancer development is tightly connected, and the structure and function of MTs are strongly dependent on Zn²⁺ redox state and its binding to proteins. Antiapoptic effects of MTs and their interactions with proteins nuclear factor kappa B, protein kinase C, esophageal cancer-related gene, and p53 as well as the role of MTs in their proliferation, immunomodulation, enzyme activation, and interaction with nitric oxide are reviewed. Utilization of MTs in cancer diagnosis and therapy is summarized and their importance for chemoresistance is also mentioned.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sona Krizkova
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Faculty of Agronomy, Mendel University in Brno, Brno, Czech Republic
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Saha P, Das D, Roy S, Chakrabarti A, Sen Raychaudhuri S. Effect of gamma irradiation on metallothionein protein expression in Plantago ovata Forsk. Int J Radiat Biol 2012; 89:88-96. [PMID: 23020665 DOI: 10.3109/09553002.2013.734940] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The effect of gamma rays on metallothionein (MT) expression was studied using the medicinal plant Plantago ovata as the test system. MATERIALS AND METHODS Western blotting and Matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS) were used for this purpose. RESULTS Western blot analysis showed significant induction of metallothionein protein following gamma exposure and that induction was highest at 20 Gy gamma dose. At higher gamma doses (100 Gy) MT expression level declined due to degeneration of cells. MALDI-TOF MS analysis indicated the presence of low molecular weight (7-8 kD) MT molecules following the lower radiation doses. CONCLUSION It was concluded from the MALDI-TOF MS result that low gamma exposure leads to expression of MT-like protein. At high doses of gamma ray, MT homologues or MT-like protein were not identified, possibly because they might have precipitated due to uncontrolled cross-linking and non-specific aggregation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Priyanka Saha
- Department of Biophysics, Molecular Biology and Bioinformatics, University of Calcutta, Kolkata, India
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47
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Figueira E, Branco D, Antunes SC, Gonçalves F, Freitas R. Are metallothioneins equally good biomarkers of metal and oxidative stress? ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2012; 84:185-190. [PMID: 22854745 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2012.07.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2012] [Revised: 07/04/2012] [Accepted: 07/09/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Several researchers investigated the induction of metallothioneins (MTs) in the presence of metals, namely Cadmium (Cd). Fewer studies observed the induction of MTs due to oxidizing agents, and literature comparing the sensitivity of MTs to different stressors is even more scarce or even nonexistent. The role of MTs in metal and oxidative stress and thus their use as a stress biomarker, remains to be clearly elucidated. To better understand the role of MTs as a biomarker in Cerastoderma edule, a bivalve widely used as bioindicator, a laboratory assay was conducted aiming to assess the sensitivity of MTs to metal and oxidative stressors. For this purpose, Cd was used to induce metal stress, whereas hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), being an oxidizing compound, was used to impose oxidative stress. Results showed that induction of MTs occurred at very different levels in metal and oxidative stress. In the presence of the oxidizing agent (H2O2), MTs only increased significantly when the degree of oxidative stress was very high, and mortality rates were higher than 50 percent. On the contrary, C. edule survived to all Cd concentrations used and significant MTs increases, compared to the control, were observed in all Cd exposures. The present work also revealed that the number of ions and the metal bound to MTs varied with the exposure conditions. In the absence of disturbance, MTs bound most (60-70 percent) of the essential metals (Zn and Cu) in solution. In stressful situations, such as the exposure to Cd and H2O2, MTs did not bind to Cu and bound less to Zn. When organisms were exposed to Cd, the total number of ions bound per MT molecule did not change, compared to control. However the sort of ions bound per MT molecule differed; part of the Zn and all Cu ions where displaced by Cd ions. For organisms exposed to H2O2, each MT molecule bound less than half of the ions compared to control and Cd conditions, which indicates a partial oxidation of thiol groups in the cysteine residues through ROS scavenging. The present results suggest that MTs are excellent markers of metal stress, but not of oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Etelvina Figueira
- Universidade de Aveiro, Departamento de Biologia & CBC (Centre for Cell Biology), Campus Universitario de Santiago, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal.
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Mottin E, Caplat C, Latire T, Mottier A, Mahaut ML, Costil K, Barillier D, Lebel JM, Serpentini A. Effect of zinc sacrificial anode degradation on the defence system of the Pacific oyster, Crassostrea gigas: chronic and acute exposures. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2012; 64:1911-1920. [PMID: 22770699 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2012.06.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2011] [Revised: 06/12/2012] [Accepted: 06/14/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Two types of exposures were performed to assess the effects of zinc released from sacrificial anode degradation: a chronic exposure, in which oysters were exposed to 0.53±0.04 mg Zn L(-1) for 10 weeks, and an acute exposure, where oysters were exposed to 10.2±1.2 mg Zn L(-1) for 1 week. At the end of the acute exposure experiment, 81.8% mortality was recorded. In contrast, no mortality was detected after 10 weeks exposure. Moreover, all of the immune system biomarkers studied, except the number of circulating haemocytes, were stimulated by a moderate level of zinc and inhibited by a high level. Our exposure conditions did not induce SOD or MXR mRNA expression in gills and digestive gland. However, an increase of MT mRNA is observed in these tissues. The results indicate that oysters are sensitive to acute zinc toxicity but are only moderately affected by a mild zinc concentration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elmina Mottin
- UMR 100 IFREMER Physiologie et Ecophysiologie des Mollusques Marins, IFR 146 ICORE - IBFA, Université de Caen Basse-Normandie, Campus 1, Bat M, Esplanade de la Paix, 14032 Caen Cedex, France
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49
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Takahashi S. Molecular functions of metallothionein and its role in hematological malignancies. J Hematol Oncol 2012; 5:41. [PMID: 22839501 PMCID: PMC3419633 DOI: 10.1186/1756-8722-5-41] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2012] [Accepted: 07/27/2012] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Metallothionein (MT) was reported to be a potential negative regulator of apoptosis, and various reports have suggested that it may play roles in carcinogenesis and drug resistance, in at least a portion of cancer cells. The author summarizes the current understanding of the molecular functions of MT for tumor cell growth and drug resistance. These activities are regulated through intracellular metal ion modulation and free radical scavenging. Compared with analyses of solid tumors, few studies have analyzed the roles of MT in hematological malignancies. This review mainly describes the functions of MT in hematopoietic cells. Furthermore, through expression analyses of leukemias and lymphomas, the roles of MT in the biology of these diseases are particularly focused upon.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shinichiro Takahashi
- Division of Hematology, Kitasato University School of Allied Health Sciences, 1-15-1 Kitasato, Minami-ku, Sagamihara, 252-0373, Japan.
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50
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Babula P, Masarik M, Adam V, Eckschlager T, Stiborova M, Trnkova L, Skutkova H, Provaznik I, Hubalek J, Kizek R. Mammalian metallothioneins: properties and functions. Metallomics 2012; 4:739-50. [PMID: 22791193 DOI: 10.1039/c2mt20081c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 172] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Metallothioneins (MT) are a family of ubiquitous proteins, whose role is still discussed in numerous papers, but their affinity to some metal ions is undisputable. These cysteine-rich proteins are connected with antioxidant activity and protective effects on biomolecules against free radicals, especially reactive oxygen species. In this review, the connection between zinc(II) ions, reactive oxygen species, heavy metal ions and metallothioneins is demonstrated with respect to effect of these proteins on cell proliferation and a possible negative role in resistance to heavy metal-based and non-heavy metal-based drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Petr Babula
- Central European Institute of Technology, Brno University of Technology, Technicka 3058/10, CZ-616 00 Brno, Czech Republic
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