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Xin Q, Jiao H, Wang X, Zhao J, Liu M, Li H, Zhou Y, Lin H. Effect of energy level of pullet diet and age on laying performance and expression of hypothalamus-pituitary-gonadal related genes in laying hens. Poult Sci 2024; 103:103873. [PMID: 38833747 PMCID: PMC11190712 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2024.103873] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2024] [Revised: 05/10/2024] [Accepted: 05/13/2024] [Indexed: 06/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Dietary energy density influences feed intake (FI) and development of layer-type pullets. A total of 384 nine-wk-old Hy-Line Brown pullets were randomly assigned to one of 3 dietary treatments: fed a diet with 2,600, 2,750, and 2,900 Kcal metabolizable energy/kg (ME/kg) from 10 to 21 wk of age. The results showed that the 2,900 and 2,600 ME groups had lower feed and ME intake (P < 0.01) from 10 to 21 wk of age. The 2,600 ME pullets had heavier body weight (BW) and longer shank length (P < 0.05) at 21 wk of age than the 2,750 ME group. The eggshell percentage was increased by the 2,600 and 2,900 kcal/kg treatments (P = 0.002). Serum concentration of 17-β-estradiol (E2), follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), and luteinizing hormone (LH) decreased at 70 wk of age (P < 0.05). Pullet diet and its interaction with age had a significant influence (P < 0.001) on the expression of gonadotropin-releasing hormone 1 (GnRH-1) and gonadotropin-inhibitory hormone (GnIH) in the hypothalamus and of gonadotropin releasing hormone 1 receptor (GnRH-1R) and gonadotropin-inhibitory hormone receptor (GnIHR) in the pituitary. In the hypothalamus, GnRH-1 expression increased from 9 to 40 wk of age and then decreased; however, GnIH expression was highest at 70 wk of age. Follicle-stimulating hormone receptor (FSHR) expression increased (P < 0.001) at wk 40 and decreased at wk 70 compared to wk 21 at various follicular stages. In conclusion, the energy level of pullet diet had no unfavorable influence on feed intake, laying rate, egg mass, and FCR, whereas change egg weight and mortality during the laying period from 21 to 70 wk of age. during the laying period. These results suggest that pullet dietary energy can activate the expression of genes related to reproduction in the hypothalamus, whereas it plays a minor role in the regulation of genes in the pituitary and ovary. Age-induced gene expression in the hypothalamus-pituitary-gonadal (HPG) axis is associated with laying performance in hens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Xin
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Key Laboratory of Efficient Utilization of Non-grain Feed Resources (Co-construction by Ministry and Province), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs; Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian City, Shandong Province 271018, PR China
| | - Hongchao Jiao
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Key Laboratory of Efficient Utilization of Non-grain Feed Resources (Co-construction by Ministry and Province), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs; Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian City, Shandong Province 271018, PR China
| | - Xiaojuan Wang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Key Laboratory of Efficient Utilization of Non-grain Feed Resources (Co-construction by Ministry and Province), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs; Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian City, Shandong Province 271018, PR China
| | - Jingpeng Zhao
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Key Laboratory of Efficient Utilization of Non-grain Feed Resources (Co-construction by Ministry and Province), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs; Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian City, Shandong Province 271018, PR China
| | - Min Liu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Key Laboratory of Efficient Utilization of Non-grain Feed Resources (Co-construction by Ministry and Province), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs; Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian City, Shandong Province 271018, PR China
| | - Haifang Li
- College of Life Sciences, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian City, Shandong Province 271018, PR China
| | - Yunlei Zhou
- College of Chemistry and Material Science, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian City, Shandong Province 271018, PR China
| | - Hai Lin
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Key Laboratory of Efficient Utilization of Non-grain Feed Resources (Co-construction by Ministry and Province), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs; Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian City, Shandong Province 271018, PR China.
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Xin Q, Li L, Zhao B, Shi W, Hao X, Zhang L, Miao Z, Zhu Z, Huang Q, Zheng N. The network regulation mechanism of the effects of heat stress on the production performance and egg quality of Jinding duck was analyzed by miRNA‒mRNA. Poult Sci 2024; 103:103255. [PMID: 38039938 PMCID: PMC10698676 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2023.103255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2023] [Revised: 10/22/2023] [Accepted: 10/26/2023] [Indexed: 12/03/2023] Open
Abstract
To explore the differential regulation mechanism of heat stress on the egg production performance and egg quality of Jinding ducks, 200 Jinding ducks (360-day-old) in good health and with similar body weights and a normal appetite were selected and randomly divided into a control (normal temperature [NT]) group (20°C-25°C) and a heat stress (HS) group (32°C-36°C), with 4 replicates in each group and 25 ducks in each replicate. The pretrial period was 1 wk, and the formal trial period was 4 wk. At the end of the 4th wk, 12 duck eggs were collected from each replicate to determine egg quality. Pituitary and ovarian tissues of Jinding ducks were collected, transcriptome sequencing was performed to screen differentially expressed miRNAs and mRNAs related to high temperature and heat stress, and a competitive endogenous RNA regulatory network was constructed. The sequencing data were verified by qRT‒PCR method. The following results were obtained: (1) Compared with the NT group, the HS group had a significantly lower laying rate, total egg weight, average egg weight, total feed intake, and feed intake per duck (P < 0.01), an extremely significantly higher feed-to-egg ratio (P < 0.01), and a higher mortality rate. (2) Compared with the NT group, the HS group had an extremely significantly lower egg weight, egg yolk weight, eggshell weight, and eggshell strength (P < 0.01) and an extremely significantly lower yolk ratio and eggshell thickness (P < 0.01, P < 0.05); however, there was no significant difference in the egg shape index, Haugh unit or protein height (P > 0.05). (3) A total of 1,974 and 1,202 genes were identified in the pituitary and ovary, respectively, and there were 5 significantly differentially expressed miRNAs. The differentially expressed genes were involved in the arginine and proline metabolism pathways, ether lipid metabolism pathway, and drug metabolism-cytochrome P450 pathway, which are speculated to be related to the egg production performance of Jingding ducks under high-temperature heat stress. (4) Novel_221 may target the PRPS1 gene to participate in egg production performance; novel_168 and novel_289 may target PIGW; novel_289 may target Q3MUY2; and novel_289 and novel_208 may target PIGN or genes that may be related to high-temperature heat stress. (5) In pituitary tissue, upregulated novel_141 (center of the network) formed a regulatory network with HSPB1 and HSP30A, and downregulated novel_366 (center of the network) formed a regulatory network with the JIP1 gene. In ovarian tissue, downregulated novel_289 (center of the network) formed a regulatory network with the ZSWM7, ABI3, and K1C23 genes, novel_221 formed a regulatory network with the IGF1, BCL7B, SMC6, APOA4, and FARP2 genes, and upregulated novel_40 formed a regulatory network with the HA1FF10 gene. In summary, heat stress affects the production performance and egg quality of Jinding ducks by regulating the secretion of endocrine-related hormones and the release of neurotransmitters as well as the expression of miRNAs and mRNAs in pituitary and ovarian tissues. The miRNA‒mRNA regulatory network provides a theoretical basis for the molecular mechanism that regulates the stress response in pituitary and ovarian tissues, egg quality, and production performance under heat stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingwu Xin
- Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, Fujian Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Fujian Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics and Breeding, Fuzhou 350013, China
| | - Li Li
- Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, Fujian Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Fujian Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics and Breeding, Fuzhou 350013, China
| | - Bangzhe Zhao
- College of Animal Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Wenli Shi
- College of Animal Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Xiaona Hao
- College of Animal Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Linli Zhang
- Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, Fujian Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Fujian Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics and Breeding, Fuzhou 350013, China
| | - Zhongwei Miao
- Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, Fujian Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Fujian Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics and Breeding, Fuzhou 350013, China
| | - Zhiming Zhu
- Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, Fujian Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Fujian Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics and Breeding, Fuzhou 350013, China
| | - Qinlou Huang
- Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, Fujian Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Fujian Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics and Breeding, Fuzhou 350013, China
| | - Nenzhu Zheng
- Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, Fujian Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Fujian Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics and Breeding, Fuzhou 350013, China.
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Yang L, Fan X, Tian K, Yan S, Xu C, Tian Y, Xiao C, Jia X, Shi J, Bai Y, Li W. Dynamic Expression Profile of Follicles at Different Stages in High- and Low-Production Laying Hens. Genes (Basel) 2023; 15:40. [PMID: 38254930 PMCID: PMC10815237 DOI: 10.3390/genes15010040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2023] [Revised: 12/23/2023] [Accepted: 12/25/2023] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Improving the efficiency of hens and extending the egg-laying cycle require maintaining high egg production in the later stages. The ovarian follicles, as the primary functional units for ovarian development and oocyte maturation, play a crucial role in regulating the continuous ovulation of hens. The egg production rate of laying hens is mostly affected by proper follicle growth and ovulation in the ovaries. The objective of this study was to identify the key genes and signaling pathways involved in the development of ovarian follicles in Taihang hens through transcriptome screening. In this study, RNA sequencing was used to compare and analyze the transcriptomes of ovarian follicles at four developmental stages: small white follicles (SWF), small yellow follicles (SYF), F5 follicles, and F2 follicles, from two groups: the high continual production group (H-Group) and the low continual production group (L-Group). A total of 24 cDNA libraries were constructed, and significant differential expression of 96, 199, 591, and 314 mRNAs was detected in the SWF, SYF, F5, and F2 follicles of the H and L groups, respectively. Based on the results of GO and KEGG enrichment analyses, each stage of follicle growth possesses distinct molecular genetic features, which have important effects on follicle development and significantly promote the formation of continuous production traits through the biosynthesis of steroid hormones, cytokine-cytokine receptor interaction, and neuroactive ligand-receptor interaction. Additionally, through STEM analysis, we identified 59 DEGs, including ZP4, KCNH1, IGFs, HMGA2, and CDH1, potentially associated with follicular development within four significant modules. This study represents the first transcriptome investigation of follicles in hens with high and low egg-producing characteristics at four crucial developmental stages. These findings provide important molecular evidence for understanding the regulation of follicular development and its variations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lan Yang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450001, China; (L.Y.); (X.F.); (K.T.); (S.Y.); (C.X.); (C.X.); (X.J.); (J.S.)
| | - Xuewei Fan
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450001, China; (L.Y.); (X.F.); (K.T.); (S.Y.); (C.X.); (C.X.); (X.J.); (J.S.)
| | - Kaiyuan Tian
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450001, China; (L.Y.); (X.F.); (K.T.); (S.Y.); (C.X.); (C.X.); (X.J.); (J.S.)
- The Shennong Laboratory, Zhengzhou 450046, China
| | - Sensen Yan
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450001, China; (L.Y.); (X.F.); (K.T.); (S.Y.); (C.X.); (C.X.); (X.J.); (J.S.)
- The Shennong Laboratory, Zhengzhou 450046, China
| | - Chunhong Xu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450001, China; (L.Y.); (X.F.); (K.T.); (S.Y.); (C.X.); (C.X.); (X.J.); (J.S.)
- The Shennong Laboratory, Zhengzhou 450046, China
| | - Yixiang Tian
- Henan Institute of Science and Technology, College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Xinxiang 453003, China;
| | - Chengpeng Xiao
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450001, China; (L.Y.); (X.F.); (K.T.); (S.Y.); (C.X.); (C.X.); (X.J.); (J.S.)
- The Shennong Laboratory, Zhengzhou 450046, China
| | - Xintao Jia
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450001, China; (L.Y.); (X.F.); (K.T.); (S.Y.); (C.X.); (C.X.); (X.J.); (J.S.)
- The Shennong Laboratory, Zhengzhou 450046, China
| | - Junlai Shi
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450001, China; (L.Y.); (X.F.); (K.T.); (S.Y.); (C.X.); (C.X.); (X.J.); (J.S.)
- The Shennong Laboratory, Zhengzhou 450046, China
| | - Ying Bai
- School of Life Science and Food Engineering, Hebei University of Engineering, Handan 056038, China
| | - Wenting Li
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450001, China; (L.Y.); (X.F.); (K.T.); (S.Y.); (C.X.); (C.X.); (X.J.); (J.S.)
- The Shennong Laboratory, Zhengzhou 450046, China
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Khan RU, Khan A, Naz S, Ullah Q, Puvača N, Laudadio V, Mazzei D, Seidavi A, Ayasan T, Tufarelli V. Pros and Cons of Dietary Vitamin A and Its Precursors in Poultry Health and Production: A Comprehensive Review. Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 12:antiox12051131. [PMID: 37237998 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12051131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2023] [Revised: 05/11/2023] [Accepted: 05/12/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Vitamin A is a fat-soluble vitamin that cannot be synthesized in the body and must be obtained through diet. Despite being one of the earliest vitamins identified, a complete range of biological actions is still unknown. Carotenoids are a category of roughly 600 chemicals that are structurally related to vitamin A. Vitamin A can be present in the body in the form of retinol, retinal, and retinoic acid. Vitamins are required in minute amounts, yet they are critical for health, maintenance, and performing key biological functions in the body, such as growth, embryo development, epithelial cell differentiation, and immune function. Vitamin A deficiency induces a variety of problems, including lack of appetite, decreased development and immunity, and susceptibility to many diseases. Dietary preformed vitamin A, provitamin A, and several classes of carotenoids can be used to meet vitamin A requirements. The aim of this review is to compile the available scientific literature regarding the sources and important functions, such as growth, immunity, antioxidant, and other biological activities of vitamin A in poultry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rifat Ullah Khan
- Faculty of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Sciences, College of Veterinary Sciences, The University of Agriculture, Peshawar 25000, Pakistan
| | - Aamir Khan
- Directorate General (Research), Livestock and Dairy Development Department, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Peshawar 59000, Pakistan
| | - Shabana Naz
- Department of Zoology, Government College University, Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan
| | - Qudrat Ullah
- Faculty of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, The University of Agriculture, Dera Ismail Khan 29220, Pakistan
| | - Nikola Puvača
- Faculty of Economics and Engineering Management, University Business Academy in Novi, 21000 Novi Sad, Serbia
| | - Vito Laudadio
- Department of Precision and Regenerative Medicine and Jonian Area, Section of Veterinary Science and Animal Production, University of Bari Aldo Moro, 70010 Valenzano, Italy
| | - Domenico Mazzei
- Department of Precision and Regenerative Medicine and Jonian Area, Section of Veterinary Science and Animal Production, University of Bari Aldo Moro, 70010 Valenzano, Italy
| | - Alireza Seidavi
- Department of Animal Science, Rasht Branch, Islamic Azad University, Rasht 41335-3516, Iran
| | - Tugay Ayasan
- Department of Organic Farming Business Management, Kadirli Faculty of Applied Sciences, University of Korkut Ata, Osmaniye 80000, Turkey
| | - Vincenzo Tufarelli
- Department of Precision and Regenerative Medicine and Jonian Area, Section of Veterinary Science and Animal Production, University of Bari Aldo Moro, 70010 Valenzano, Italy
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Zhu M, Wang D, Zou K, Wang F, Zhang Z, Song X, Jia C, Wei Z. Insulin-like growth factor-1 regulates follicle selection of hens by promoting proliferation and inhibiting apoptosis of granulosa cells in prehierarchical follicles in vitro. Anim Reprod Sci 2022; 247:107091. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anireprosci.2022.107091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2022] [Revised: 09/23/2022] [Accepted: 10/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/01/2022]
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Xin Q, Uyanga VA, Jiao H, Zhao J, Wang X, Li H, Zhou Y, Lin H. Insulin-like growth factor-1 is involved in the deteriorated performance of aged laying hens. J Anim Sci 2022; 100:skac286. [PMID: 36049215 PMCID: PMC9667965 DOI: 10.1093/jas/skac286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2022] [Accepted: 08/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The underlying mechanism behind the deteriorated laying performance of aged laying hens remains unclear. In the present study, the laying performance and gene expression along the hypothalamus-pituitary-gonad axis were determined. A total of 300 healthy 90-wk-old ISA hens with similar body weights were classified into three groups according to their laying rate between 90 and 94 wk of age. The experimental groups were the low laying rate (<60%, LLR), high laying rate (>85%, HLR), and intermediate laying rate (60% < laying rate < 85%, MLR) hens. At the end of 94 wk of age, eight hens were randomly selected from each group for tissue collection. The gene expression of hormones and their receptors were determined in the hypothalamus, pituitary, and follicles. The results showed that the serum 17-β-estradiol had no significant difference among the three groups. However, the level of insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF1) in LLR hens was significantly decreased in the serum, small white follicles (SWF), and dominant follicles (DF, P < 0.05). Within the hypothalamus and small yellow follicles (SYF), the mRNA expression level of estrogen receptor was higher in the MLR group (P < 0.05). Compared with HLR hens, the steroid hormone-synthesis key gene, CYP19A1 was significantly decreased in the SWF of MLR-hens and DF of MLR- and LLR-hens (P < 0.05). The mRNA expression level of IGF1 receptor was higher in the hypothalamus, pituitary, SWF, large white follicles (LWF), SYF, and DF of LLR hens, compared to the HLR hens (P < 0.05). These results suggest that decreased IGF1 in serum and follicles was associated with the decreased egg production of aged laying hens. The present study provides novel insights into the endocrine changes in aged hens having different egg production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Xin
- Department of Animal Science and Technology, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, Shandong 271018, P. R. China
| | - Victoria Anthony Uyanga
- Department of Animal Science and Technology, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, Shandong 271018, P. R. China
| | - Hongchao Jiao
- Department of Animal Science and Technology, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, Shandong 271018, P. R. China
| | - Jingpeng Zhao
- Department of Animal Science and Technology, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, Shandong 271018, P. R. China
| | - Xiaojuan Wang
- Department of Animal Science and Technology, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, Shandong 271018, P. R. China
| | - Haifang Li
- College of Life Sciences, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, Shandong 271018, P. R. China
| | - Yunlei Zhou
- College of Chemistry and Material Science, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, Shandong 271018, P. R. China
| | - Hai Lin
- Department of Animal Science and Technology, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, Shandong 271018, P. R. China
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The impact of dietary calcium and phosphorus on mitochondrial-linked gene expression in five tissues of laying hens. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0270550. [PMID: 35749523 PMCID: PMC9231785 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0270550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2021] [Accepted: 06/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Mitochondria and the energy metabolism are linked to both, the availability of Ca and P to provide the eukaryotic cell with energy. Both minerals are commonly used supplements in the feed of laying hens but little is known about the relationship between the feed content, energy metabolism and genetic background. In this study, we provide a large-scaled gene expression analysis of 31 mitochondrial and nuclear encoded genes in 80 laying hens in the context of dietary P and Ca concentrations. The setup included five tissues and gene expression was analysed under four different diets of recommended and reduced Ca and P concentrations. Our study shows, that mitochondrial gene expression is reacting to a reduction in P and that an imbalance of the nutrients has a higher impact than a combined reduction. The results suggest, that both strains (Lohmann Brown and Lohmann Selected Leghorn) react in a similar way to the changes and that a reduction of both nutrients might be possible without crucial influence on the animals’ health or gene expression.
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Stephens CS, Hill-Ricciuti A, Francoeur L, Johnson PA. Feeding level is associated with altered liver transcriptome and follicle selection in the hen. Biol Reprod 2022; 106:943-952. [PMID: 35084018 DOI: 10.1093/biolre/ioac013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2021] [Revised: 11/04/2021] [Accepted: 01/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Genetic selection for particular traits in domestic animals may have altered the optimal feedback regulation among systems regulating appetite, growth, and reproduction. Broiler breeder chickens have been selected for fast and efficient growth and, unless feed restricted, consume excessively resulting in poor reproductive efficiency. We examined the effect of dietary treatment in full fed (FF) and restricted fed (RF) broiler breeder hens on ovarian responses and on liver morphology and transcriptome associated with reproductive function. Although FF broiler breeder hens had lower egg production (p < 0.01), the total number of ovarian follicles >8 mm (p < 0.01), 6-8 mm (p < 0.03), and 3-5 mm (p < 0.04) were greater in FF hens compared to RF hens. There was a large amount of lipid accumulation in the liver of FF hens and differential gene analysis yielded 120 genes that were differentially expressed >2-fold in response to feeding level (p < 0.01; FDR < 0.05). Elevated T3 may indicate that general metabolism was affected by diet and GHR (p < 0.01) and IGF1 (p < 0.04) mRNA expression were both greater in the liver of FF hens as compared to RF hens. It is likely that selection for increased growth, associated with enhanced activity of the IGF1 system, has altered nutritional coupling of feed intake to follicle development.
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Affiliation(s)
- C S Stephens
- Department of Animal Science, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
| | - A Hill-Ricciuti
- Department of Animal Science, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
| | - L Francoeur
- Department of Animal Science, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
| | - P A Johnson
- Department of Animal Science, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
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Bernardi O, Estienne A, Reverchon M, Bigot Y, Froment P, Dupont J. Adipokines in metabolic and reproductive functions in birds: An overview of current knowns and unknowns. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2021; 534:111370. [PMID: 34171419 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2021.111370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2021] [Revised: 06/04/2021] [Accepted: 06/14/2021] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Adipose tissue is now recognized as an active endocrine organ, which synthesizes and secretes numerous peptides factors called adipokines. In mammals, they exert pleiotropic effects affecting energy metabolism but also fertility. In mammals, secretion of adipokines is altered in adipose tissue dysfunctions and may participate to obesity-associated disorders. Thus, adipokines are promising candidates both for novel pharmacological treatment strategies and as diagnostic tools. As compared to mammals, birds exhibit several unique physiological features, which make them an interesting model for comparative studies on endocrine control of metabolism and adiposity and reproductive functions. Some adipokines such as leptin and visfatin may have different roles in avian species as compared to mammals. In addition, some of them found in mammals such as CCL2 (chemokine ligand 2), resistin, omentin and FGF21 (Fibroblast Growth factor 21) have not yet been mapped to the chicken genome model and among its annotated gene models. This brief review aims to summarize data (structure, metabolic and reproductive roles and molecular mechanisms involved) related to main avian adipokines (leptin, adiponectin, visfatin, and chemerin) and we will briefly discuss the adipokines that are still lacking in avian species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ophélie Bernardi
- CNRS, IFCE, INRAE, Université de Tours, PRC, F-37380, Nouzilly, France; SYSAAF-Syndicat des Sélectionneurs Avicoles et Aquacoles Français, Centre INRA Val de Loire, F-37380, Nouzilly, France
| | - Anthony Estienne
- CNRS, IFCE, INRAE, Université de Tours, PRC, F-37380, Nouzilly, France
| | - Maxime Reverchon
- SYSAAF-Syndicat des Sélectionneurs Avicoles et Aquacoles Français, Centre INRA Val de Loire, F-37380, Nouzilly, France
| | - Yves Bigot
- CNRS, IFCE, INRAE, Université de Tours, PRC, F-37380, Nouzilly, France
| | - Pascal Froment
- CNRS, IFCE, INRAE, Université de Tours, PRC, F-37380, Nouzilly, France
| | - Joëlle Dupont
- CNRS, IFCE, INRAE, Université de Tours, PRC, F-37380, Nouzilly, France.
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Identification of the Key microRNAs and miRNA-mRNA Interaction Networks during the Ovarian Development of Hens. Animals (Basel) 2020; 10:ani10091680. [PMID: 32957620 PMCID: PMC7552605 DOI: 10.3390/ani10091680] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2020] [Revised: 09/10/2020] [Accepted: 09/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
It is well-known that multiple functional miRNAs are found in mammals' ovaries, which are linked not only to ovarian development, but also to maturation and apoptosis. However, there is still a lack of knowledge regarding the role of miRNAs in the hen ovary. In the present study, we analyzed the miRNA sequencing libraries of ovaries at the four different developmental stages of hens (15, 20, 30, and 68 W) and a total of 677 known miRNAs and 61 novel miRNAs were identified. In total, 209 of them were differently expressed miRNAs (DE miRNAs) obtained from comparisons of the four stages, including 84 upregulated and 125 downregulated DE miRNAs. Furthermore, the five key DE miRNAs gga-miR-2954, gga-miR-6634-5p, gga-miR-449b-5p, gga-miR-449c-3p, and gga-miR449c-5p were screened using an analysis of the miRNA-mRNA interaction network and functional enrichment annotated in seven significantly enriched pathways, such as endocytosis, lysine degradation, the biosynthesis of amino acids, and the MAPK signaling pathway, which may primarily participate in cell differentiation and proliferation, steroid hormone biosynthesis, and angiogenesis by targeting the related genes. For instance, gga-miR-449 family members were predicted to target 15 genes, including TGFB1, TPM1, TPM3, and CAMKB2, which were reported to regulate follicular growth, selection, and the ovulatory cycle. Taken together, our results illustrate the ovarian miRNA profiles of the four classic developmental stages of hens and highlight the significant role of miRNAs in ovarian development and functions. However, in-depth research needs to be carried out to validate the potential functional miRNAs found in this study.
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Verhagen I, Laine VN, Mateman AC, Pijl A, de Wit R, van Lith B, Kamphuis W, Viitaniemi HM, Williams TD, Caro SP, Meddle SL, Gienapp P, van Oers K, Visser ME. Fine-tuning of seasonal timing of breeding is regulated downstream in the underlying neuro-endocrine system in a small songbird. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2019; 222:jeb.202481. [PMID: 31371403 DOI: 10.1242/jeb.202481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2019] [Accepted: 07/31/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The timing of breeding is under selection in wild populations as a result of climate change, and understanding the underlying physiological processes mediating this timing provides insight into the potential rate of adaptation. Current knowledge on this variation in physiology is, however, mostly limited to males. We assessed whether individual differences in the timing of breeding in females are reflected in differences in candidate gene expression and, if so, whether these differences occur in the upstream (hypothalamus) or downstream (ovary and liver) parts of the neuroendocrine system. We used 72 female great tits from two generations of lines artificially selected for early and late egg laying, which were housed in climate-controlled aviaries and went through two breeding cycles within 1 year. In the first breeding season we obtained individual egg-laying dates, while in the second breeding season, using the same individuals, we sampled several tissues at three time points based on the timing of the first breeding attempt. For each tissue, mRNA expression levels were measured using qPCR for a set of candidate genes associated with the timing of reproduction and subsequently analysed for differences between generations, time points and individual timing of breeding. We found differences in gene expression between generations in all tissues, with the most pronounced differences in the hypothalamus. Differences between time points, and early- and late-laying females, were found exclusively in the ovary and liver. Altogether, we show that fine-tuning of the seasonal timing of breeding, and thereby the opportunity for adaptation in the neuroendocrine system, is regulated mostly downstream in the neuro-endocrine system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irene Verhagen
- Department of Animal Ecology, Netherlands Institute of Ecology (NIOO-KNAW), 6708 PB Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Veronika N Laine
- Department of Animal Ecology, Netherlands Institute of Ecology (NIOO-KNAW), 6708 PB Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - A Christa Mateman
- Department of Animal Ecology, Netherlands Institute of Ecology (NIOO-KNAW), 6708 PB Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Agata Pijl
- Department of Animal Ecology, Netherlands Institute of Ecology (NIOO-KNAW), 6708 PB Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Ruben de Wit
- Department of Animal Ecology, Netherlands Institute of Ecology (NIOO-KNAW), 6708 PB Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Bart van Lith
- Department of Animal Ecology, Netherlands Institute of Ecology (NIOO-KNAW), 6708 PB Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Willem Kamphuis
- Netherlands Institute for Neuroscience (NIN-KNAW), 1105 BA Amsterdam-Zuidoost, The Netherlands
| | - Heidi M Viitaniemi
- Department of Biosciences, University of Helsinki, 00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Tony D Williams
- Department of Biological Sciences, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, BC, Canada, V5A 1S6
| | - Samuel P Caro
- Departement d'Ecologie Evolutive, Centre d'Ecologie Fonctionnelle & Evolutive, 34293 Montpellier 5, France
| | - Simone L Meddle
- Department of Behavioural Neuroendocrinology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH8 9YL, UK
| | - Phillip Gienapp
- Department of Animal Ecology, Netherlands Institute of Ecology (NIOO-KNAW), 6708 PB Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Kees van Oers
- Department of Animal Ecology, Netherlands Institute of Ecology (NIOO-KNAW), 6708 PB Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Marcel E Visser
- Department of Animal Ecology, Netherlands Institute of Ecology (NIOO-KNAW), 6708 PB Wageningen, The Netherlands
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Rodler D, Sinowatz F. Localization of thrombospondin-1 and its receptor CD36 in the ovary of the ostrich (Struthio camelus). Anat Histol Embryol 2017; 47:124-132. [PMID: 29205453 DOI: 10.1111/ahe.12329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2017] [Accepted: 11/02/2017] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Angiogenesis, the formation of new blood vessels from pre-existing vasculature, plays a decisive role for the rapid growth of avian follicles. Compared to mammals, few data on the angiogenesis in the avian ovary are available. However, whereas several pro-angiogenic factors in the avian ovary have been recently studied in detail, little information is available on the localization of anti-angiogenic factors. The aim of this study was to determine the localization and possible function of the anti-angiogenic factor thrombospondin-1 (TSP-1) and its receptor CD36 in the ovary of the ostrich using immunohistochemistry and to correlate the results with ultrastructural data. Whereas the oocytes and granulosa cells of all follicular stages were negative for TSP-1, myofibroblasts of the theca externa and smooth muscle cells of blood vessels showed distinct reactions. A distinctly different staining pattern was observed for CD36. The oocytes were CD36 negative. No immunostaining for CD36 could be observed neither in the granulosa cells nor in the adjacent theca interna of vitellogenic follicles. In the theca externa, blood vessels protruding towards the oocyte showed CD36-positive endothelial cells. In conclusion, a fine balance between angiogenic and anti-angiogenic processes assures that a dense net of blood vessels develops during the rapid growth of a selected follicle. Anti-angiogenic molecules, such as TSP-1 and its receptor CD36 may, after the oocyte has reached its final size, inhibit further angiogenesis and limit the transport of yolk material to the mature oocyte. By this mechanism, the growth of the megalecithal oocyte during folliculogenesis may cease.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Rodler
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, Ludwig-Maximilian University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - F Sinowatz
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, Ludwig-Maximilian University of Munich, Munich, Germany
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13
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Lodjak J, Mänd R, Mägi M. Insulin‐like growth factor 1 and life‐history evolution of passerine birds. Funct Ecol 2017. [DOI: 10.1111/1365-2435.12993] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jaanis Lodjak
- Department of ZoologyInstitute of Ecology and Earth SciencesUniversity of Tartu Tartu Estonia
| | - Raivo Mänd
- Department of ZoologyInstitute of Ecology and Earth SciencesUniversity of Tartu Tartu Estonia
| | - Marko Mägi
- Department of ZoologyInstitute of Ecology and Earth SciencesUniversity of Tartu Tartu Estonia
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14
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Sixteen kiwi (Apteryx spp) transcriptomes provide a wealth of genetic markers and insight into sex chromosome evolution in birds. BMC Genomics 2016; 17:410. [PMID: 27230888 PMCID: PMC4882810 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-016-2714-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2015] [Accepted: 05/07/2016] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Kiwi represent the most basal extant avian lineage (paleognaths) and exhibit biological attributes that are unusual or extreme among living birds, such as large egg size, strong olfaction, nocturnality, flightlessness and long lifespan. Despite intense interest in their evolution and their threatened status, genomic resources for kiwi were virtually non-existent until the recent publication of a single genome. Here we present the most comprehensive kiwi transcriptomes to date, obtained via Illumina sequencing of whole blood and de novo assembly of mRNA sequences of eight individuals from each of the two rarest kiwi species, little spotted kiwi (LSK; Apteryx owenii) and rowi (A. rowi). Results Sequences obtained were orthologous with a wide diversity of functional genes despite the sequencing of a single tissue type. Individual and composite assemblies contain more than 7900 unique protein coding transcripts in each of LSK and rowi that show strong homology with chicken (Gallus gallus), including those associated with growth, development, disease resistance, reproduction and behavior. The assemblies also contain 66,909 SNPs that distinguish between LSK and rowi, 12,384 SNPs among LSK (associated with 3088 genes), and 29,313 SNPs among rowi (associated with 4953 genes). We found 3084 transcripts differentially expressed between LSK and rowi and 150 transcripts differentially expressed between the sexes. Of the latter, 83 could be mapped to chicken chromosomes with 95% syntenic with chromosome Z. Conclusions Our study has simultaneously sequenced multiple species, sexes, and individual kiwi at thousands of genes, and thus represents a significant leap forward in genomic resources available for kiwi. The expression pattern we observed among chromosome Z related genes in kiwi is similar to that observed in ostriches and emu, suggesting a common and ancestral pattern of sex chromosome homomorphy, recombination, and gene dosage among living paleognaths. The transcriptome assemblies described here will provide a rich resource for polymorphic marker development and studies of adaptation of these highly unusual and endangered birds. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12864-016-2714-2) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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15
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Chen F, Jiang Z, Jiang S, Li L, Lin X, Gou Z, Fan Q. Dietary vitamin A supplementation improved reproductive performance by regulating ovarian expression of hormone receptors, caspase-3 and Fas in broiler breeders. Poult Sci 2016; 95:30-40. [DOI: 10.3382/ps/pev305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/22/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
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16
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Hrabia A. Growth hormone production and role in the reproductive system of female chicken. Gen Comp Endocrinol 2015; 220:112-8. [PMID: 25796478 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygcen.2014.12.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2014] [Revised: 12/02/2014] [Accepted: 12/03/2014] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
The expression and role of growth hormone (GH) in the reproductive system of mammals is rather well established. In birds the limited information thus far available suggests that GH is an endocrine or paracrine/autocrine regulator of ovarian and oviductal functions too. GH and its receptors are expressed in all compartments of the ovary and oviduct and change accordingly to physiological state. The intra-ovarian role of GH likely includes the regulation of steroidogenesis, cell proliferation and apoptosis, the modulation of LH action and the synthesis of IGFs (insulin-like growth factors). In the oviduct, GH is also involved in the regulation of oviduct-specific protein expression. The present study provides a review of current knowledge on the presence and action of GH in the female reproduction, in which it is likely that act in endocrine, autocrine or paracrine mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Hrabia
- Department of Animal Physiology and Endocrinology, University of Agriculture in Krakow, Al. Mickiewicza 24/28, 30-059 Krakow, Poland.
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17
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Chen W, Li W, Zhang Z, Jiang X, Li M. Cloning, molecular characterization and expression analysis of insulin-like growth factor binding protein-2 (IGFBP-2) cDNA in goldfish, Carassius auratus. FISH PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY 2014; 40:1669-1681. [PMID: 24992902 DOI: 10.1007/s10695-014-9958-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2014] [Accepted: 06/24/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
In the present study, a full-length cDNA encoding the insulin-like growth factor binding protein-2 (IGFBP-2) was cloned from the liver of goldfish (Carassius auratus) by rapid amplification of cDNA ends technique. The goldfish IGFBP-2 cDNA sequence was 1,513 bp long and had an open reading frame of 825 bp encoding a predicted polypeptide of 274 amino acid residues. Semi-quantitative RT-PCR results revealed that goldfish IGFBP-2 mRNA was expressed in all detected tissues. In liver, central nervous system and pituitary gland, goldfish IGFBP-2 expressed at high levels, followed by anterior intestine, middle intestine and kidney. In posterior intestine, ovary, skin, fat, spleen, muscle and gill, the goldfish IGFBP-2 expression levels were very low. Fasting and refeeding experiment showed that the mRNA expression of goldfish IGFBP-2 was up-regulated significantly in liver compared to the fed group and restored rapidly to normal level after refed. However, the mRNA expressions of IGFBP-2 in hypothalamus and pituitary of goldfish were insensitive to fasting. Furthermore, the mRNA expressions of IGFBP-2 in hypothalamus, pituitary and liver were varied in periprandial changes and significantly down-regulated at 2 and 4 h after meal. These results imply that the IGFBP-2 mRNA expression may be associated with anabolic and catabolic metabolism and regulated by metabolic factors in goldfish.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenbo Chen
- Department of Biology, Institute of Resources and Environment, Henan Polytechnic University, Jiaozuo, 454000, Henan, People's Republic of China,
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18
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Zhang Y, Zhang J, Shi Z, Zhai W, Wang X. Insulin-like growth factor binding protein-2 (IGFBP-2) in Japanese flounder, Paralichthys olivaceus: molecular cloning, expression patterns and hormonal regulation during metamorphosis. FISH PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY 2013; 39:1541-1554. [PMID: 23974668 DOI: 10.1007/s10695-013-9807-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2012] [Accepted: 05/17/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
In this study, we cloned and characterized cDNA sequences of two insulin-like growth factor binding protein-2 (IGFBP-2a and IGFBP-2b) from Japanese flounder, Paralichthys olivaceus. The full-length cDNA of IGFBP-2a is 1,046 bp long and consists an open frame (ORF) of 876 bp, a 5'-untranslated region (UTR) of 125 bp and a 3'-UTR of 45 bp. IGFBP-2b is 1,067 bp, including a 5'-UTR of 53 bp, a 3'-UTR of 198 bp and an ORF of 816 bp. Real-time quantitative PCR results revealed that IGFBP-2a -2b mRNA was expressed in all detected tissues. Interestingly, the levels of IGFBP-2a mRNA in all detected tissues were higher in female than male, but IGFBP-2b was precisely the opposite. At different embryonic stages, the levels of IGFBP-2a mRNA were typically higher than IGFBP-2b. After hatching, IGFBP-2a mRNA was gradually decreased to a relatively lower level. However, the expression of IGFBP-2b mRNA was increased after hatching, including 3, 7, 10, 14, 17, 20 and 23 days post-hatching (dph), and it presents a higher level until 29 (metamorphic climax), 36 (post-climax) and 41 dph (the end of metamorphosis). In levothyroxine sodium salt (T4, the main form of thyroid hormone in animals)-treated and thiourea (TU)-treated larvae, the expressions of IGFBP-2a had not visibly changed, except in T4-treated 17 dph larvae. The expressions of IGFBP-2b mRNA were distinctly increased from 17 to 23 dph, but suddenly dropped to a lower level in and after 29 dph. However, the levels of IGFBP-2b mRNA during metamorphosis were greatly down-regulated after TU treatment. These results provided basic information for further studies on the role of IGF system in flatfish development and metamorphosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuntong Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Aquatic Genetic Resources, Ministry of Agriculture, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 201306, People's Republic of China
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19
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Mohammadi H, Ansari-Pirsaraei Z. Changes in some blood parameters and production performance of old laying hens due to growth hormone and testosterone injection. J Anim Physiol Anim Nutr (Berl) 2013; 98:483-90. [PMID: 23808354 DOI: 10.1111/jpn.12095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2013] [Accepted: 05/27/2013] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
The experiment was designed to study the changes in some blood parameters and production performance of old laying hens after injection of different doses of growth hormone (GH) and testosterone (Ts). A total of 160 old laying hens (HyLine W-36) at 73 weeks of age were weighed individually and randomly allocated to four treatments with four replicates and 10 birds in each replicate in a completely randomized design. Growth hormone and Ts hormones were injected subcutaneously. Treatment groups were as follows: treatment 1: injection of 100 μl distiled water (control group), treatment 2: injection of 500 μg Ts/kg live-weight + 50 μgGH/kg live-weight, treatment 3: injection of 500 μgTs/kg live-weight + 100 μgGH/kg live-weight and treatment 4: injection of 500 μgTs/kg live-weight + 150 μgGH/kg live-weight. Plasma levels of oestradiol, T4 , LDL, HDL and cholesterol significantly increased in treatment 3 in relation to the control group. All injected hens showed significantly higher levels of glucose in relation to control group. The results showed the positive effects of GH and Ts administration on production performance and blood parameters which are associated with egg production potentiality and in turn may improve reproductivity (egg production) in old laying hens. The positive results of the study may be useful in animal selection and breeding programmes.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Mohammadi
- Department of Agriculture, Payame Noor University, Tehran, Iran
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20
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Jia Y, Lin J, Mi Y, Zhang C. Prostaglandin E(2) and insulin-like growth factor I interact to enhance proliferation of theca externa cells from chicken prehierarchical follicles. Prostaglandins Other Lipid Mediat 2013; 106:91-8. [PMID: 23810989 DOI: 10.1016/j.prostaglandins.2013.05.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2012] [Revised: 05/22/2013] [Accepted: 05/28/2013] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
The interactive effect of insulin-like growth factor I (IGF-I) and prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) on the proliferation of theca externa cells (TECs) was investigated in the prehierarchical small yellow follicles of laying hens. IGF-I manifested a proliferating effect like PGE2 on TECs, but this stimulating effect was restrained by AG1024 (IGF-IR inhibitor), KP372-1 (PKB/AKT inhibitor) or NS398 (COX-2 inhibitor). AG1024, KP372-1 or NS398 abolished IGF-I-stimulated COX-2 expression and PGE2 production. Meanwhile, KP372-1, NS398 or AG1024 depressed the PGE2-stimulated expression of COX-2 and IGF-IR mRNA. Therefore, the IGF-I receptor pathway up-regulates COX-2 expression and PGE2 synthesis via PKB signaling cascade, and then PGE2 stimulates IGF-IR mRNA expression to promote TEC proliferation in an autocrine pattern. Overall, the reciprocal stimulation of intracellular PGE2 and IGF-I may enhance TEC proliferation and facilitate the development of chicken prehierarchical follicles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yudong Jia
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China; Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China
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Dantzer B, Swanson EM. Mediation of vertebrate life histories via insulin-like growth factor-1. Biol Rev Camb Philos Soc 2011; 87:414-29. [PMID: 21981025 DOI: 10.1111/j.1469-185x.2011.00204.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Life-history traits describe parameters associated with growth, size, survival, and reproduction. Life-history variation is a hallmark of biological diversity, yet researchers commonly observe that one of the major axes of life-history variation after controlling for body size involves trade-offs among growth, reproduction, and longevity. This persistent pattern of covariation among these specific traits has engendered a search for shared mechanisms that could constrain or facilitate production of variation in life-history strategies. Endocrine traits are one candidate mechanism that may underlie the integration of life history and other phenotypic traits. However, the vast majority of this research has been on the effects of steroid hormones such as glucocorticoids and androgens on life-history trade-offs. Here we propose an expansion of the focus on glucocorticoids and gonadal hormones and review the potential role of insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) in shaping the adaptive integration of multiple life-history traits. IGF-1 is a polypeptide metabolic hormone largely produced by the liver. We summarize a vast array of research demonstrating that IGF-1 levels are susceptible to environmental variation and that IGF-1 can have potent stimulatory effects on somatic growth and reproduction but decrease lifespan. We review the few studies in natural populations that have measured plasma IGF-1 concentrations and its associations with life-history traits or other characteristics of the organism or its environment. We focus on two case studies that found support for the hypothesis that IGF-1 mediates adaptive divergence in suites of life-history traits in response to varying ecological conditions or artificial selection. We also examine what we view as potentially fruitful avenues of research on this topic, which until now has been rarely investigated by evolutionary ecologists. We discuss how IGF-1 may facilitate adaptive plasticity in life-history strategies in response to early environmental conditions and also how selection on loci controlling IGF-1 signaling may mediate population divergence and eventual speciation. After consideration of the interactions among androgens, glucocorticoids, and IGF-1 we suggest that IGF-1 be considered a suitable candidate mechanism for mediating life-history traits. Finally, we discuss what we can learn about IGF-1 from studies in free-ranging animals. The voluminous literature in laboratory and domesticated animals documenting relationships among IGF-1, growth, reproduction, and lifespan demonstrates the potential for a number of new research questions to be asked in free-ranging animals. Examining how IGF-1 mediates life-history traits in free-ranging animals could lead to great insight into the mechanisms that influence life-history variation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ben Dantzer
- Department of Zoology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA.
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22
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Sechman A, Pawlowska K, Hrabia A. Effect of 3,3',5-triiodothyronine and 3,5-diiodothyronine on progesterone production, cAMP synthesis, and mRNA expression of STAR, CYP11A1, and HSD3B genes in granulosa layer of chicken preovulatory follicles. Domest Anim Endocrinol 2011; 41:137-49. [PMID: 21798688 DOI: 10.1016/j.domaniend.2011.05.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2011] [Revised: 05/26/2011] [Accepted: 05/26/2011] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
In vitro studies were performed to assess whether stimulatory effects of triiodothyronine (T3) on progesterone (P4) production in a granulosa layer (GL) of chicken preovulatory follicles are associated with 3',5'-cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) synthesis and mRNA expression of STAR protein, CYP11A1, and HSD3B. Effects of 3,5-diiodothyronine (3,5-T2) on steroidogenic function in these follicles were also investigated. The GL of F3 to F1 follicles was incubated in medium supplemented with T3 or 3,5-T2, LH, or forskolin (F), and a combination of each iodothyronine with LH or F. Levels of P4 and cAMP in culture media were determined by RIA. Expression of genes involved in P4 synthesis (ie, STAR protein, CYP11A1, and HSD3B) in the GL of F3 to F1 follicles incubated in medium with T3 or 3,5-T2 and their combination with LH was performed by real-time PCR. Triiodothyronine increased basal and LH- and F-stimulated P4 secretion by preovulatory follicles. The 3,5-T2 elevated P4 synthesis by F3, had no effect on F2 follicles, and diminished P4 production by the GL of F1 follicles. It had no effect on LH-stimulated P4 production; however, it augmented F-stimulated P4 production by F2 and F1 follicles. Although T3 did not affect basal and F-stimulated cAMP synthesis by the GL of preovulatory follicles, it increased LH-stimulated synthesis of this nucleotide. However, 3,5-T2 elevated F-stimulated cAMP synthesis in F3 and F2 follicles; it did not change basal and LH-stimulated cAMP production. Triiodothyronine decreased basal STAR and CYP11A1 mRNAs in F3 follicles, increased them in F1 follicles, and elevated HSD3B mRNA levels in F1 follicles. Triiodothyronine augmented LH-stimulated STAR, CYP11A1, and HSD3B mRNA levels in F2 and CYP11A1 in F1 follicles. However, T3 decreased LH-stimulated STAR and HSD3B mRNA levels in F1 follicles. The 3,5-T2 did not affect basal STAR and CYP11A1 mRNA expression in all investigated follicles; however, it decreased LH-stimulated STAR expression in F2 and F1 ones. The effects of 3,5-T2 caused elevated basal but diminished LH-stimulated HSD3B mRNA levels. In conclusion, data indicate that both iodothyronines are involved in P4 production in the GL of chicken preovulatory follicles acting alone and additively with LH. Effects of iodothyronines depend on follicle maturation and are associated with modulation of cAMP synthesis and STAR, CYP11A1, and HSD3B mRNA expression. We suggest that iodothyronines participate in maturation and ovulation of chicken follicles.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Sechman
- Department of Animal Physiology and Endocrinology, University of Agriculture in Krakow, Krakow, Poland.
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Pereira M, Vidotti DB, Borra RC, Simões MDJ, Da Silva IDCG, Haidar MA. Involvement of GDF-9, leptin, and IGF1 receptors associated with adipose tissue transplantation on fertility restoration in obese anovulatory mice. Gynecol Endocrinol 2011; 27:759-66. [PMID: 21557698 DOI: 10.3109/09513590.2010.534330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim was to analyze the effect of adipose tissue transplantation on growth differentiation factor-9 (GDF-9), insulin growth factor 1 receptor (IGF1R), and leptin receptor (LEPR) protein expression in ovaries of obese anovulatory mice. Leptin-deficient female (ob/ob) and wild-type mice were divided into untreated ob/ob mice and gonadal white adipose tissue transplanted ob/ob mice, with evaluation after 7, 15, and 45 days and compared to control wild-type mice. The corporal weight and glycemia levels increased in the obese group concomitant with polymicrocyst formation and abundant estrone, mimicking anovulatory disease. In the treated group after 45 days, glycemia, weight, ovarian size, and number of follicles were decreased and corpora lutea were decreased. The analysis of GDF-9 revealed that, whereas control ovaries presented follicular localization, the obese ovary lacked this protein. On the other hand, obese ovaries showed elevated expression of IGF1R that was normalized after the transplantation. Finally, LEPR was reduced in obese ovaries, and adipose tissue transplantation was efficient in returning it to normal levels. In conclusion, the adipose tissue transplantation, especially after 45 days, seems to stimulate ovulation, supported by the fact that several proteins involved in ovulation returned to basal levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melquíades Pereira
- Department of Gynecology, Federal University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
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Heck A, Onagbesan O, Tona K, Metayer S, Putterflam J, Jego Y, Trevidy JJ, Decuypere E, Williams J, Picard M, Bruggeman V. Effects ofad libitumfeeding on performance of different strains of broiler breeders. Br Poult Sci 2010; 45:695-703. [PMID: 15623225 DOI: 10.1080/00071660400006537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
(1) Tolerance to ad libitum feeding was compared in three genotypes of broiler breeder hens: a standard broiler breeder fed ad libitum (SA) or restricted (SR), a slow growing 'label' broiler breeder (L) and an experimental dwarf heavy broiler breeder (E). Two similar experiments were conducted in two distinct research centres. (2) Feed intake and body weight were measured every 3 weeks from hatch to 40 to 49 weeks of age. Egg production and egg abnormalities were recorded. The number of yellow follicles in ovaries was counted at the age of 32 weeks. (3) Body weight was stabilised at 2.2, 3.7 and 5.4 kg after 24 weeks of age in L, E and SA hens, respectively. Growth of the SR hens was similar to that of L up to 20 weeks and stabilised at a similar level to that of E hens after 30 weeks of age. (4) Sexual maturity was delayed by 6 weeks in restricted breeders compared to ad libitum fed hens that started to lay at 20 weeks. SA hens had low egg production and a high proportion of defective eggs, which was largely compensated for by feed restriction. However, productivity of SR hens remained lower than that of L breeders. (5) Compared to the low viability and reproductive fitness observed with SA hens, the E dwarf broiler breeder tolerated ad libitum feeding and had better egg production, fewer egg abnormalities and yellow follicles per ovary and a higher egg production. However, laying rate was still lower than that of the SR and L groups. Energy conversion (kJ/g egg) from 32 to 40 weeks of age was much higher in the SA group than in the other three groups. 6. The feasibility of feeding a dwarf broiler breeder ad libitum calls for further research on implications of specific IGF and GH-receptor expression at the level of the ovary in dw chickens.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Heck
- Station de Recherches Avicoles, INRA, Nouzilly, France
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Decuypere E, Bruggeman V, Everaert N, Li Y, Boonen R, De Tavernier J, Janssens S, Buys N. The Broiler Breeder Paradox: ethical, genetic and physiological perspectives, and suggestions for solutions. Br Poult Sci 2010; 51:569-79. [DOI: 10.1080/00071668.2010.519121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Lebedeva IY, Lebedev VA, Grossmann R, Parvizi N. Age-dependent role of steroids in the regulation of growth of the hen follicular wall. Reprod Biol Endocrinol 2010; 8:15. [PMID: 20156346 PMCID: PMC2833167 DOI: 10.1186/1477-7827-8-15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2009] [Accepted: 02/15/2010] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The ovaries are the primary targets of senescence effects in mammalian and avian species. In the present study, relationships between reproductive aging, sex steroids and the growth pattern of the pre-ovulatory follicle wall were investigated using young hens with long clutch (YLC), old hens with long clutch (OLC), old hens with short clutch (OSC), and old hens with interrupted long clutch (OILC). METHODS Experiment 1: Hens were sacrificed 1.5 and 14.5 h after ovulation. Experiment 2: YLC and OILC hens were sacrificed 3.5 h after treatments with LH and/or aminoglutethimide (AG), an inhibitor of steroid synthesis. Volumes of pre-ovulatory follicles (F1-F5) and plasma concentrations of ovarian steroids were determined. Experiment 3: Granulosa and theca cells from F3 follicles of OSC and/or YLC hens were exposed in vitro to estradiol-17beta (E2), testosterone (T) and LH and the proliferative activity of the cells was examined using CellTiter 96 Aqueous One Solution Assay. RESULTS In YLC and OLC groups, the total volume of F1-F5 follicles rose between 1.5 and 14.5 h after ovulation (P < 0.01), negatively correlating with the plasma level of E2 (P < 0.01). There was no growth of pre-ovulatory follicles in the middle of the ovulatory cycle in the OSC group, with a positive correlation being present between E2 and the follicular volume (P < 0.05). In young hens, AG caused a rise in the total follicular volume. This rise was associated with a fall in E2 (r = -0.54, P < 0.05). E2 enhanced proliferation of granulosa cells from YLC and OSC groups. The proliferative activity of granulosa and theca cells of YLC hens depended on the interaction between T and LH (P < 0.01). CONCLUSIONS These data indicate for the first time that the growth pattern of pre-ovulatory follicles during the ovulatory cycle changes in the course of reproductive aging. E2 seems to play a dual role in this adjustment; it stimulates the growth of the follicular wall in reproductive aged hens, whereas it may inhibit this process in young birds. T and LH are apparently involved in the growth regulation during the pre-ovulatory surge in young hens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irina Y Lebedeva
- Department of Functional Genomics and Bioregulation, Institute of Animal Genetics, FLI, Mariensee, 31535 Neustadt, Germany
- Center of Biotechnology and Molecular Diagnostics, Russian Research Institute of Animal Breeding, Podolsk, 142132 Russia
| | - Vladimir A Lebedev
- Department of Functional Genomics and Bioregulation, Institute of Animal Genetics, FLI, Mariensee, 31535 Neustadt, Germany
- Department of Genetics and Biotechnology, Research Institute for Farm Animal Genetics and Breeding, Pushkin, St Petersburg, 196625 Russia
| | - Roland Grossmann
- Department of Functional Genomics and Bioregulation, Institute of Animal Genetics, FLI, Mariensee, 31535 Neustadt, Germany
| | - Nahid Parvizi
- Department of Functional Genomics and Bioregulation, Institute of Animal Genetics, FLI, Mariensee, 31535 Neustadt, Germany
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Sechman A, Pawlowska K, Rzasa J. Influence of triiodothyronine (T(3)) on secretion of steroids and thyroid hormone receptor expression in chicken ovarian follicles. Domest Anim Endocrinol 2009; 37:61-73. [PMID: 19394185 DOI: 10.1016/j.domaniend.2009.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2008] [Revised: 02/13/2009] [Accepted: 03/05/2009] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The present study was designed to (1) assess the role of triiodothyronine (T(3)) with regard to in vitro steroid hormone secretion by chicken ovarian follicles; (2) determine whether T(3) influences the in vivo function of the pituitary-ovarian axis in the hen; and (3) detect expression of thyroid hormone receptor (TR) mRNA in chicken ovarian follicles. In the first experiment, laying hens were decapitated 22.5h before ovulation. White prehierarchical follicles (1-8mm) and fragments of theca and granulosa layers of the 3 largest yellow preovulatory follicles F3-F1 (22-35mm) were incubated in a medium supplemented with T(3) (0, 0.1, 1, 10, 100, or 1000ng/mL) or ovine luteinizing hormone (LH) (10ng/mL) in combination with doses of T(3) (1, 10, and 100ng/mL). Triiodothyronine decreased basal and LH-stimulated estradiol secretion by white follicles and the theca layer of all preovulatory follicles. On the other hand, it increased progesterone secretion by F2 and F1 follicles. In the second experiment, hens were injected 1h after ovulation with saline (control) or T(3) (10microg/100g body weight, intraperitoneally). Results indicated that exogenous T(3) decreased plasma concentrations of LH and estradiol and increased plasma concentrations of progesterone. In the third experiment, using reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) analysis, expression of thyroid hormone receptor (TRalpha and TRbeta0), mRNA was detected in all of the ovarian compartments. The expression of TRalpha mRNA was relatively greater in comparison with TRbeta0. There were no differences between white ovarian follicles in the expression of TRalpha and TRbeta0 mRNA. A considerably higher TRalpha and lower TRbeta0 expression was detected in the granulosa layer of preovulatory follicles in comparison with the theca layer. In conclusion, the data indicate that thyroid hormones acting via nuclear receptors are involved in regulation of the pituitary-ovarian axis and processes associated with follicle growth and maturation.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Sechman
- Department of Animal Physiology, University of Agriculture in Krakow, Krakow, Poland.
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28
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Chen W, Li W, Lin H. Common carp (Cyprinus carpio) insulin-like growth factor binding protein-2 (IGFBP-2): molecular cloning, expression profiles, and hormonal regulation in hepatocytes. Gen Comp Endocrinol 2009; 161:390-9. [PMID: 19523372 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygcen.2009.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2008] [Revised: 02/02/2009] [Accepted: 02/03/2009] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
In the present study, we cloned IGFBP-2 cDNA from common carp (Cyprinus carpio) liver. The 1879 bp full-length cDNA encodes 274 amino acid residues containing a putative signal peptide of 22 residues. Two IGFBP-2 transcripts with estimated sizes of 2.2 and 1.5 kb have been detected with Northern blot analysis in liver. Relatively high levels of IGFBP-2 mRNA were observed in all regions of brain, liver, pituitary, ovary and testis. Intermediate levels were observed in white muscle, thymus gland and head kidney, while in retina, heart and other tissues IGFBP-2 mRNA levels were very low. A significant level of IGFBP-2 mRNA was firstly detected at lens formation stage, and it continued to increase to the highest level at blood cycling stage, and fell to a relatively high level until hatching. The expression pattern of IGFBP-2 mRNA was similar during different stages of testis and ovary. At recrudescing stage the expression level was extremely low, but it sharply increased to a high level at matured stage, and finally brought back to the very low level at regressed stage. Hepatocytes IGFBP-2 mRNA was greatly reduced by growth hormone but increased by insulin. PD-98059 and LY-294002, the specific inhibitor of MEK and PI3K, increased IGFBP-2 mRNA expression level and completely blocked the inhibitory effect of GH. It is suggested that the MAPK and PI3 kinase-signaling pathways were involved in the decrease of IGFBP-2 mRNA expression induced by GH in primary cultured hepatocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenbo Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, Institute of Aquatic Economic Animals and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory for Aquatic Economic Animals, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510275, PR China
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29
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Onagbesan O, Bruggeman V, Decuypere E. Intra-ovarian growth factors regulating ovarian function in avian species: a review. Anim Reprod Sci 2008; 111:121-40. [PMID: 19028031 DOI: 10.1016/j.anireprosci.2008.09.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 137] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2007] [Revised: 09/15/2008] [Accepted: 09/23/2008] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
There is now overwhelming evidence that the avian ovary is a site of production and action of several growth factors that have also been implicated in the functioning of the mammalian ovary. Several members of the Insulin-like growth factor family (IGF), the Epidermal growth factor family (EGF), the Transforming growth factor-beta family (TGF-beta), Fibroblast growth factors (FGF), the Tumour necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha), and others, have been identified either in the granulosa and/or theca compartments of ovarian follicles and in the embryonic and juvenile ovary. Some have been specifically localized to the germinal disc area containing the oocyte. The mRNAs and proteins of the growth factors, receptor proteins and binding proteins of some of the members of each group have been reported in the chicken, turkey, quail and duck. The intra-ovarian roles reported for the different growth factors include regulation of cell proliferation, steroidogenesis, follicle selection, modulation of gonadotrophin action, control of ovulation rate, cell differentiation, production of growth factors, etc. The aim of this paper is to provide a review of the current knowledge of avian ovarian growth factors and their biological activity in the ovary. The review covers the detection of the growth factor proteins, the receptor proteins, binding proteins, their spatial and temporal distribution in embryonic, juvenile and adult ovaries and their regulation. The paper also discusses their roles in each follicular compartment during follicular development. Greater emphasis is given to the major growth factors that have been studied to greater detail and others are discussed very briefly.
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30
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Hrabia A, Paczoska-Eliasiewicz HE, Berghman LR, Harvey S, Rzasa J. Expression and localization of growth hormone and its receptors in the chicken ovary during sexual maturation. Cell Tissue Res 2008; 332:317-28. [PMID: 18335240 DOI: 10.1007/s00441-008-0595-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2007] [Accepted: 01/28/2008] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Roles of pituitary growth hormone (GH) in female reproduction are well established. Autocrine and/or paracrine actions of GH in the mammalian ovary have additionally been proposed, although whether the ovary is an extra-pituitary site of GH expression in the laying hen is uncertain. This possibility has therefore been assessed in the ovaries of Hy-Line hens before (between 10-16 weeks of age) and after (week 17) the onset of egg laying. Reverse transcription/polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) analysis has consistently detected a full-length (690 bp) pituitary GH cDNA in ovarian stroma from 10 weeks of age, although GH expression is far lower than that in the pituitary gland or hypothalamus. GH mRNA is also present in small (>1-4 mm diameter) follicles after their ontogenetic appearance at 14 weeks of age and in all other developing follicles after 16 weeks of age (>4-30 mm diameter). Immunoreactivity for GH is similarly present in the ovarian stroma from 10 weeks of age and in small (<4 mm diameter) and large (>4-30 mm) follicles from 14 and 16 weeks of age, respectively. The relative intensity of GH staining in the ovarian follicles is consistently greater in the granulosa cells than in the thecal cells and is comparable with that in the follicular epithelium. A 321-bp fragment of GH receptor (GHR) cDNA, coding for the intracellular domain of the receptor, has also been detected by RT-PCR in the ovary and is present in stromal tissue by 10 weeks of age, in small follicles (<4 mm diameter) by 14 weeks of age, and in larger follicles (>4-30 mm diameter) from 16 weeks. GHR immunoreactivity has similarly been detected, like GH, in the developing ovary and in all follicles and is more intense in granulosa cells than in the theca interna or externa. The expression and location of the GH gene therefore parallels that of the GHR gene during ovarian development in the laying hen, as does the appearance of GH and GHR immunoreactivity. These results support the possibility that GH has autocrine and/or paracrine actions in ovarian function prior to and after the onset of lay in hens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Hrabia
- Department of Animal Physiology, Agricultural University in Krakow, Al. Mickiewicza 24/28, 30-059 Krakow, Poland.
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31
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Tosca L, Chabrolle C, Crochet S, Tesseraud S, Dupont J. IGF-1 receptor signaling pathways and effects of AMPK activation on IGF-1-induced progesterone secretion in hen granulosa cells. Domest Anim Endocrinol 2008; 34:204-16. [PMID: 17478073 DOI: 10.1016/j.domaniend.2007.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2007] [Revised: 02/28/2007] [Accepted: 03/19/2007] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
IGF-1 plays a key role in the proliferation and differentiation of granulosa cells. However, the molecular mechanism of IGF-1 action in avian granulosa cells during follicle maturation is unclear. Here, we first studied IGF-1 receptor (IGF-1R) expression, IGF-1-induced progesterone production and some IGF-1R signaling pathways in granulosa cells from different follicles. IGF-1R (mRNA and protein) was higher in fresh or cultured granulosa cells from the largest follicles (F1 or F2) than in those from smaller follicles (F3 or F4). In vitro, IGF-1 treatment (10(-8)M, 36h) increased progesterone secretion by four-fold in mixed F3 and F4 (F3/4) granulosa cells and by 1.5-fold in F1 granulosa cells. IGF-1 (10(-8)M, 30min)-induced increases in tyrosine phosphorylation of IGF-1R beta subunit and phosphorylation of ERK were higher in F1 than in F3/4 granulosa cells. Interestingly, IGF-1 stimulation (10(-8)M, 10min) decreased the level of AMPK Thr172 phosphorylation in F1 and F3/4 granulosa cells. We have recently showed that AMPK (AMP-activated protein kinase) is a protein kinase involved in the steroidogenesis in chicken granulosa cells. We then studied the effects of AMPK activation by AICAR (5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide ribonucleoside), an activator of AMPK, on IGF-1-induced progesterone secretion by F3/4 and F1 granulosa cells. AICAR treatment (1mM, 36h) increased IGF-1-induced progesterone secretion, StAR protein levels and decreased ERK phosphorylation in F1 granulosa cells. Opposite data were observed in F3/4 granulosa cells. Adenovirus-mediated expression of dominant negative AMPK totally reversed the effects of AICAR on IGF-1-induced progesterone secretion, StAR protein production and ERK phosphorylation in both F3/4 and F1 granulosa cells. Thus, a variation of energy metabolism through AMPK activation could modulate differently IGF-1-induced progesterone production in F1 and F3/4 granulosa cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucie Tosca
- INRA, UMR 6175, Unité de physiologie de la Reproduction et des Comportements, 37380 Nouzilly, France
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32
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Onagbesan OM, Metayer S, Tona K, Williams J, Decuypere E, Bruggeman V. Effects of genotype and feed allowance on plasma luteinizing hormones, follicle-stimulating hormones, progesterone, estradiol levels, follicle differentiation, and egg production rates of broiler breeder hens. Poult Sci 2006; 85:1245-58. [PMID: 16830866 DOI: 10.1093/ps/85.7.1245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to compare and relate plasma hormone levels of luteinizing hormone (LH), follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), progesterone (P4), estradiol (E2), and the in vitro P4 production capacity of the largest yellow (F1) follicle granulosa cells with the laying performance of 2 genotypes (a standard S line and a dwarf cross-experimental E line) maintained under ad libitum (SA, EA) or restricted (SR, ER) feeding regimens. Age-related hormone changes were determined from 4 to 50 wk, hormone changes during the ovulatory cycle were determined during lay, and changes in follicle granulosa cell P4-producing capacity in response to LH with or without growth factors were measured in vitro at different ages. The mean laying rate was similar for SR, EA, and ER but were lower for the SA. Plasma LH and FSH concentrations increased with age in all groups and peaked at puberty. Restricted feeding delayed puberty in both genotypes. Concentrations of E2 and P4 increased after puberty in all groups but delayed in restricted hens. Plasma levels of LH, FSH, P4, and E2 before and after puberty were not correlated with egg-laying performance, but peak E2 levels were. Luteinizing hormone and P4 concentrations during the ovulatory cycle showed differences that may be associated with the different laying performances of the 2 genotypes under ad libitum and restricted feeding. The increase in plasma LH concentration (from basal) during the preovulatory surge was higher in the SR than in the SA but was similar for EA, ER, and SA. The increase in P4 was also higher in SR than in the SA with no difference between EA and ER. In vitro P4 production by granulosa cells in response to LH with insulin-like growth factors, and bone morphogenetic protein-7 was different among the SA, SR, EA, and ER; the EA, SR, and ER had greater responses, and the SA had less response. The presence of insulin-like growth factors and bone morphogenetic protein-7 enhanced LH effects depending on the feeding regimen and age of hen. This finding suggests that differences in laying performances among genotypes fed at different nutritional levels may be partly due to differences in processes associated with follicular maturation modulated by gonadotropins and growth factors. It is concluded that the age at puberty is determined mainly by feed allowance, irrespective of genotype, and that differences in laying performance may be due to a combination of factors that include changes in the levels of gonadotropins or ovarian hormones and growth factors, BW, and the condition of the different genotypes under different feeding allowances.
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Affiliation(s)
- O M Onagbesan
- Laboratory for Physiology and Immunology of Domestic Animals, Katholieke Universiteit, Leuven, Belgium.
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33
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Chen SE, McMurtry JP, Walzem RL. Overfeeding-induced ovarian dysfunction in broiler breeder hens is associated with lipotoxicity. Poult Sci 2006; 85:70-81. [PMID: 16493948 DOI: 10.1093/ps/85.1.70] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
In mammals, triacylglycerol (TAG) accumulation in nonadipose tissue, termed lipotoxicity, develops with obesity and can provoke insulin resistance, overt diabetes, and ovarian dysfunction. Leptin, an adipose tissue hormone, may mediate these effects. Feed-satiated broiler breeder hens manifest lipotoxicity-like symptoms. Changes in body and organ weights, hepatic and plasma TAG, nonesterified fatty acids (NEFA), ovarian morphology, and egg production in response to acute voluntary increases of feed intake were measured in 2 studies with Cobb 500 broiler breeder hens provided with either 145 or > or = 290 g of feed/d per hen for 10 d. In both studies, no hen fed 145 g of feed/d exhibited ovarian abnormalities, whereas approximately 50% of feed-satiated hens did. Egg production in feed-satiated hens was reduced from 73.3 to 55.8% (P = 0.001). Morphology indicated that apoptosis-induced atresia occurred in the hierarchical follicles. Fractional weight of yolk increased from 29.3 to 30.6% (P = 0.016) and no longer correlated to egg weight. Body, liver, and abdominal adipose weights were significantly greater (P < 0.05) in feed-satiated hens, as were plasma concentrations of glucose, NEFA, TAG, insulin, and leptin (P < 0.05). Feed-satiated hens with abnormal ovaries had significantly more liver and abdominal fat, greater plasma leptin and TAG concentrations, and more saturated fatty acids in plasma NEFA than did feed-satiated hens with normal ovaries. Differences in severity of lipotoxic metabolic and hormonal responses among feed-satiated hens were closely linked to the incidence of ovarian abnormalities and granulosa cell susceptibility to apoptosis and necrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- S E Chen
- Department of Poultry Science, Texas A&M University, College Station 77843-2472, USA.
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34
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Lebedev VA, Lebedeva IY, Grossmann R, Kuzmina TI, Parvizi N. Ovulatory cycle-related alterations in the thecal growth and membrane protein content of thecal tissue of hen preovulatory follicles. Theriogenology 2005; 66:217-23. [PMID: 16325901 DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2005.11.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2005] [Revised: 11/02/2005] [Accepted: 11/04/2005] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
In the hen ovary, each preovulatory follicle in the hierarchy, irrespective of its size and the level of its maturity is exposed to the preovulatory LH surge in each ovulatory cycle of an egg laying sequence. In the present study, the thecal weight and membrane protein content of theca layers at different stages of hen ovulatory cycle were assessed. Hens were killed 2 h (stage I), 9 h (stage II), 16 h (stage III), and 23 h (stage IV) after oviposition. The first (F1), second (F2), third (F3), fourth (F4) and fifth (F5) largest yellow follicles were utilized. In all follicles except F1, the thecal weight rose considerably between stages I and III (P < 0.05) followed by a slight cessation of the thecal growth at stage IV. The mean content of the theca membrane protein in F1-F5 follicles was lowest at stage III, increasing at stage IV (P < 0.05), although, in the case of individual follicles the difference was significant (P < 0.05) in F3 follicles only. Estradiol-17beta levels in the plasma were lowest (but not significant) at stage III, and a fourfold increase in the plasma progesterone concentration occurred at stage IV. These findings demonstrate for the first time the ovulatory cycle-related alterations in the thecal weight and membrane protein content in the hen preovulatory follicles. Data suggest that the preovulatory rise in ovarian steroid hormones is probably involved in transient termination of the growth and induction of differentiation of the theca in preovulatory follicles as they pass from one category to the next.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vladimir A Lebedev
- Department of Functional Genomics and Bioregulation, Institute of Animal Science, FAL, Mariensee, 31535 Neustadt, Germany
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35
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Hocking PM, Robertson GW. Limited effect of intense genetic selection for broiler traits on ovarian function and follicular sensitivity in broiler breeders at the onset of lay. Br Poult Sci 2005; 46:354-60. [PMID: 16050190 DOI: 10.1080/00071660500098251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Female chicks from 6 pure lines of broiler breeders were obtained from international broiler breeder companies. The lines were from three female and two male lines and a relaxed selection line derived from one of the male lines (M2) and maintained without selection for 25 years (generations). Replicate groups from each line were reared in floor pens and fed ad libitum. An additional group of the M2 male line was feed restricted and housed in similar pens. Twenty birds from each group were photostimulated after housing them in individual cages at 14 weeks of age. Ovarian follicular dynamics and follicular sensitivity were determined after the onset of lay. Female lines had a greater proportion of atretic follicles and more groups of multiple follicles than male lines. Body weights, fatness and age at puberty were similar in male and female lines. The relaxed selection line had more abdominal fat than any of the selected lines and the ovary contained a similar number of normal yellow follicles as the selected male line. Feed restriction decreased body weight, the numbers of yellow follicles, multiple yellow follicles and the proportion of atretic yellow follicles, and increased the age at onset of lay. The response of ovarian follicles of three different sizes to exogenous gonadotrophin stimulation with PMSG was similar in small yellow follicles, 5 to 6 and 2 to 3 mm white follicles in a female line, a male line and its relaxed line fed ad libitum. The results suggest that the original lines from which modern male-line broiler stocks are derived had a relatively large number of yellow follicles and a high propensity for multiple ovulation at the onset of lay. Separate selection for different traits in male and female lines has not had a dramatic effect on ovarian function or sensitivity to gonadotrophin stimulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- P M Hocking
- Roslin Institute (Edinburgh), Roslin, Midlothian, Scotland.
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36
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Sirotkin AV, Grossmann R. The role of protein kinase A and cyclin-dependent (CDC2) kinase in the control of basal and IGF-II-induced proliferation and secretory activity of chicken ovarian cells. Anim Reprod Sci 2005; 92:169-81. [PMID: 16029936 DOI: 10.1016/j.anireprosci.2005.05.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2004] [Revised: 05/11/2005] [Accepted: 05/11/2005] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
The aim of these experiments was to study the role of protein kinase A (PKA), cyclin-dependent kinase 2 (CDC2) and insulin-like growth factor II (IGF-II) in the control of ovarian function in domestic fowl, as well as the role of PKA and CDC2 in mediating the effects of IGF-II on the ovary. For this purpose, we studied the influence of an inhibitor of PKA (KT5720; 50 ng/ml), a CDC2 blocker (olomoucine; 1 microg/ml), IGF-II (0, 1, 10 or 100 ng/ml) and their combinations on cultured fragments of chicken ovarian follicular wall. Accumulation of PKA and CDC2 and secretion of progesterone (P4), testosterone (T), estradiol (E2) and arginine-vasotocin (AVT) were evaluated by using SDS-PAGE-Western blotting and RIA/EIA. IGF-II addition to culture medium stimulated T, E2 and AVT secretion and inhibited P4 secretion. These changes were associated with an increase in PKA and a decrease in CDC2 accumulation. The PKA blocker KT5720, when given alone, increased accumulation of PKA and secretion of T and E2, but not AVT and inhibited P4 secretion. The PKA blocker also prevented and even reversed the effects of IGF-II on PKA and steroid hormones secretion, but enhanced the action of IGF-II on AVT. The inhibitor of CDC2, olomoucine, when given alone, suppressed the expression of CDC2 and the secretion of P4 and AVT (but not T and E2). When given together with IGF-II, it augmented IGF-II-induced suppression of CDC2 and reversed the effects of IGF-II on P4 (but not on T, E2 or AVT). These observations demonstrate the involvement of PKA, CDC2 and IGF-II in regulating the secretory activity of avian ovarian cells. Our data also suggest the involvement of PKA in the mediation of IGF-II effects on P4, T, E2 and AVT secretion. CDC2 can mediate the effects of IGF-II on ovarian P4 secretion but not on other hormones.
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Affiliation(s)
- A V Sirotkin
- Research Institute of Animal Production, Hlohovská 2, 949 92 Nitra, Slovakia.
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Richards MP, Poch SM, McMurtry JP. Expression of insulin-like growth factor system genes in liver and brain tissue during embryonic and post-hatch development of the turkey. Comp Biochem Physiol A Mol Integr Physiol 2005; 141:76-86. [PMID: 15905111 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpb.2005.04.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2005] [Revised: 04/06/2005] [Accepted: 04/07/2005] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
A molecular cloning strategy employing primer-directed reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) was devised to sequence 1300 bp of a turkey liver-derived cDNA corresponding to the complete coding region and the 5'- and 3'-untranslated regions of the insulin-like growth factor (IGF)-II mRNA transcript (GenBank accession no. ). The turkey IGF-II gene codes for a 187 amino acid precursor protein that includes a signal peptide, the mature IGF-II hormone, and a C-terminal extension peptide comprised of 24, 67 and 96 amino acids, respectively. Turkey IGF-II showed greater than 95% sequence identity at both the nucleotide and amino acid level with chicken IGF-II. Expression of IGF-I, IGF-II, IGF type-I receptor (IGF-IR), and IGF binding protein (IGFBP)-2 and -5 genes was quantified relative to an internal 18S rRNA standard by RT-PCR in liver and whole brain tissue on days 14, 16, 18, 20, 22, 24 and 26 of embryonic development, as well as at hatch (H, day 28) and at 3 weeks post-hatching (PH). Expression of liver IGF-I was low throughout embryonic development, but increased more than 8-fold by 3 weeks PH. In contrast, IGF-I was expressed in brain tissue at much higher levels than liver throughout development and this level of expression in brain increased gradually, reaching its highest point at 3 weeks PH. IGF-II was expressed at comparable levels in brain and liver tissue during embryonic development, except for transient increases in liver just prior to hatching (days 24 and 26) and at 3 weeks PH. Expression of IGF-IR declined in brain throughout development reaching its lowest level at 3 weeks PH. In liver, IGF-IR expression was lower than that of brain throughout development. An inverse relationship was observed for the expression of IGF-I and IGF-IR genes in brain, but not in liver, through 3 weeks PH. Expression of the IGFBP-2 gene increased in liver around the time of hatch (days 26-28) and declined by 3 weeks PH, whereas the level of expression of IGFBP-5, which was higher than IGFBP-2, remained fairly constant in both brain and liver throughout the developmental period studied. Our data indicates differential expression of selected genes that comprise the IGF system in the turkey during embryonic and PH growth and development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark P Richards
- United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Animal and Natural Resources Institute, Growth Biology Laboratory, 10300 Baltimore Avenue, BARC-East, Beltsville, MD 20705-2350, USA.
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Kim MH, Seo DS, Ko Y. Relationship between egg productivity and insulin-like growth factor-I genotypes in Korean native Ogol chickens. Poult Sci 2004; 83:1203-8. [PMID: 15285513 DOI: 10.1093/ps/83.7.1203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Endocrine factors, such as steroid hormones and growth factors, regulate egg productivity in terms of the quantity of egg production, egg weight, sexual maturity, and the number of small yellow follicles (SYF). Insulin-like growth factors (IGF) are involved in the regulation of ovulation rate and ovarian follicular development in chickens, and a relationship between IGF-I genotype and egg weight has been reported. However, the effect of IGF on egg productivity in Korean Native Ogol chickens (KNOC) has been little studied. Therefore, this study was conducted to identify the relationship among endocrine factors (IGF-I, IGF-II, estradiol, and progesterone), IGF-I genotypes, and egg productivity. Frequencies of IGF-I genotypes (AA, AB, BB) were 17.3, 26.9, and 55.8%, respectively, within a population. When compared with the IGF-I genotypes, the AB genotype had the highest serum levels of estradiol and progesterone at 40 and 30 wk of age, respectively; the highest IGF-II concentration in F1 follicles at 60 wk; and was positively associated with the number of SYF at 60 wk. The results showed that the A allele was associated with a higher IGF-II expression in the follicles and stimulated the development of follicles, indicating a positive association of the A allele with egg production and the number of SYF. Therefore, these results suggest that there is a possibility of IGF-I genotypes acting as a genetic marker for egg productivity of KNOC.
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Affiliation(s)
- M H Kim
- Department of Animal Science, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Korea University, Seoul 136-701, Korea
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Lebedeva IY, Lebedev VA, Grossmann R, Kuzmina TI, Parvizi N. Characterization of Growth Hormone Binding Sites in Granulosa and Theca Layers at Different Stages of Follicular Maturation and Ovulatory Cycle in the Domestic Hen. Biol Reprod 2004; 71:1174-81. [PMID: 15189831 DOI: 10.1095/biolreprod.104.030056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/01/2022] Open
Abstract
The currently available evidence points to a possible influence of growth hormone (GH) on avian folliculogenesis, which can be mediated by both hepatic- and ovarian-derived IGF-I. Therefore, the purpose of the present study was to reveal GH-binding sites in granulosa and theca layers of preovulatory follicles and to determine the binding characteristics depending on the degree of follicular maturation and the stage of the ovulatory cycle in the hen. Hens were killed 2 h (stage I), 9 h (stage II), 16 h (stage III), and 23 h (stage IV) after oviposition, and the five largest yellow follicles (from F1 to F5) were removed. GH-binding sites in granulosa and theca layers from F1 to F5 follicles were characterized using a radioreceptor assay. Equilibrium dissociation constants (K(d)) and binding capacities (B(max)) were determined by Scatchard analysis of saturation curves, which revealed a single class of high-affinity GH-binding sites in both theca tissue and granulosa cells. In F1, F2, and F5 follicles, B(max) and K(d) for GH-binding sites in the granulosa layer changed during the ovulatory cycle, decreasing between stages I and III, to increase again at stage IV, with alterations in K(d) being less profound. No significant differences in binding capacities and affinities of GH-binding sites in the theca layer were found between various stages of the cycle. Furthermore, the concentration of GH-binding sites in the granulosa layer rose, whereas that in the theca layer fell with follicular enlargement. These findings indicate the presence of high-affinity GH-binding sites in both granulosa and theca layers of hen preovulatory follicles. Data also demonstrate that GH-binding sites in these tissues are regulated in a tissue-specific manner. Furthermore, the regulation of binding capacity of GH binding in granulosa cells by hormonal factors associated with ovulatory cycle is apparently not dependent on the state of follicular maturation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irina Y Lebedeva
- Department of Functional Genomics and Bioregulation, Institute of Animal Science, Mariensee, 31535 Neustadt, Germany
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Sirotkin AV, Grossmann R. Role of tyrosine kinase- and MAP kinase-dependent intracellular mechanisms in control of ovarian functions in the domestic fowl (Gallus domesticus) and in mediating effects of IGF-II. J Reprod Dev 2004; 49:99-106. [PMID: 14967954 DOI: 10.1262/jrd.49.99] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of our study was to examine the involvement of IGF-II, tyrosine kinases (TK)- and MAP kinases (MAPK)-dependent intracellular mechanisms in the control of ovarian functions in the domestic fowl, as well as the role of these kinases in mediating the IGF-II effect on this process. For this purpose, we studied the influence of IGF-II (0,1,10 or 100 ng/ml), inhibitors of TK (AG1024, 1 microg/ml), MAPK (PD98059, 5 microg/ml), and their combinations, on proliferation (expression of proliferation-related substances PCNA), apoptosis (apoptosis-associated protein bax), TK (phosphotyrosine), MAPK (ERK1,2), cyclin-dependent protein kinase 2 (p34/cdc2) and transcription factor CREB-1, as well as on the release of progesterone (P), testosterone (T), estradiol (E) and arginine-vasotocin (AVT) in cultured fragments of ovarian follicles. The presence of substances within ovarian cells was evaluated by SDS PAGE-Western immunoblotting, and release of the substances was measured by using RIA/EIA of ovarian fragments-conditioned medium. It was found, that the addition of IGF-II to the culture medium (1-100 ng/ml) substantially increased expression of PCNA, MAPK and CREB, and decreased the level of p34/cdc2 and bax, but not TK. Furthermore, exogenous IGF-II inhibited P (at a concentration of 100 ng IGF-II/ml medium), and stimulated T (1,10,100 ng/ml), E (10,100 ng/ml) and AVT (1 ng/ml) release by cultured ovarian cells. Inhibitor of TK, when given alone, increased MAPK and E, inhibited p34/cdc2 and AVT, and did not affect accumulation of TK, P or T. Furthermore, TK blocker prevented effects of IGF-II on T, E and AVT, but not on TK, MAPK, p34/cdc2 and P. MAPK blocker augmented PCNA, MAPK, T and AVT expression, but not P or E, and suppressed expression of p34/cdc2 and bax. Furthermore, MAPK inhibitor, given together with IGF-II, prevented or even reversed the action of IGF-II on PCNA, P, T and AVT, but not on MAPK, p34/cdc2, CREB, bax or E. These observations suggest the involvement of IGF-II, TK and MAPK in the control of proliferation, apoptosis, steroid and peptide hormones by avian ovarian cells, as well as of the involvement of these kinases in mediation of some IGF-II effects on ovarian cells.
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Onagbesan OM, Bruggeman V, Van As P, Tona K, Williams J, Decuypere E. BMPs and BMPRs in chicken ovary and effects of BMP-4 and -7 on granulosa cell proliferation and progesterone production in vitro. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 2003; 285:E973-83. [PMID: 12888485 DOI: 10.1152/ajpendo.00104.2003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs) and their receptors (BMPRs) are now known to have important roles in mammalian ovarian folliculogenesis. This study determined the expression of the mRNA encoding for BMPs and their receptors in the chicken ovary and explored possible roles for them. The expression of the mRNA for BMP-2, -4, -6, -7, and BMPR-IA, -IB, and -II was determined and quantified by a semiquantitative RT-PCR. The mRNAs for all the BMPs and receptors determined were present in both the granulosa (G) and theca (T) cells of the F1, F2, and F3 follicles. All BMP mRNAs increased in G cells with follicular development, whereas only BMP-7 mRNA had this trend in the T cells. BMP-2, -4, and -6 mRNAs in T were similar between follicles. BMPR-IA mRNA was similar in F2G and F3G but lower in F1G. BMPR-IB mRNA was similar in G of all follicles, and BMPR-II mRNA increased with development. In the T, each receptor subtype showed equal distribution between follicles. mRNA levels for BMPR-IB and -II were higher in G than in T, suggesting that the G is a major target for BMPs. BMP-4 and -7 stimulated basal, IGF-I-, and gonadotropin-stimulated progesterone production by cultured G cells, with differential responses between cells from the F1 and F3/4. This suggests involvement in follicular differentiation. BMP-4 and -7 reversed the inhibitory effects of transforming growth factor (TGF)-alpha on basal and gonadotropin-stimulated G cell progesterone production, with greater effect in the F1 than in the F3/4. This effect suggests an important role for BMPs interacting with TGF-alpha in modulating the effects of gonadotropins and IGF-I on follicular differentiation. Finally, BMP-7 stimulated G cell proliferation, but BMP-4 inhibited TGF-alpha+ IGF-I- and/or FSH-stimulated G cell proliferation, suggesting a role in the control of follicular growth during development. These effects of BMP-4 and -7 on the G cell function showed relationships with the expression levels of the BMPs and the BMPR-II.
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Affiliation(s)
- O M Onagbesan
- Laboratory for Physiology and Immunology of Domestic Animals, Catholic University of Leuven, Karsteelpark, Arenberg 30, B-3001 Heverlee, Belgium.
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Heck A, Metayer S, Onagbesan OM, Williams J. mRNA expression of components of the IGF system and of GH and insulin receptors in ovaries of broiler breeder hens fed ad libitum or restricted from 4 to 16 weeks of age. Domest Anim Endocrinol 2003; 25:287-94. [PMID: 14550512 DOI: 10.1016/s0739-7240(03)00064-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
An evaluation of the insulin-like growth factors (IGF) system in the ovaries of heavy breeder hens during the growing phase was performed to measure the effect of feed restriction. The transcripts of IGF-I, IGF-II, IGF receptor (IGF-R), two IGF binding proteins (IGFBP-2 and IGFBP-5), GH receptor (GH-R) and insulin receptor (I-R) were measured by RT-PCR at 4, 8, 12 and 16 weeks of age in the ovaries of ad libitum fed and feed restricted hens. The transcripts of all genes screened were detected in all feed regime groups and at all ages sampled. However, no significant overall effects of feed restriction on these transcripts were found despite the marked difference in body growth (200% at 16 weeks of age). Similarly there were no significant age effects except for the expression of GH-R-that showed a decrease after 8 weeks of age (P<0.01). Although feed restriction seems to have a relatively limited effect on the expression of these components of the ovarian IGF system in juveniles, a more detailed determination is necessary to determine possible changes nearer to sexual maturity (16 weeks of age onwards). It is concluded that components of the IGF system, GH or insulin may not be involved in the mechanisms that, through restricted feeding, alter ovarian development and function during growth to enable better reproductive performance during lay.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Heck
- Station de Recherches avicoles, INRA, Centre de Tours, 37380, Nouzilly, France
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Johnson AL, Bridgham JT, Swenson JA. Activation of the Akt/protein kinase B signaling pathway is associated with granulosa cell survival. Biol Reprod 2001; 64:1566-74. [PMID: 11319165 DOI: 10.1095/biolreprod64.5.1566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Follicles from the hen ovary that have been selected into the preovulatory hierarchy are committed to ovulation and rarely become atretic under normal physiological conditions. In part, this is attributed to the resistance of the granulosa layer to apoptosis. The present studies were conducted to evaluate the role of the phosphatidylinositol (PI) 3-kinase/Akt signaling pathway in hen granulosa cell survival and, by implication, follicle viability. Cloning of the chicken akt2 homologue revealed a high degree of amino acid homology to its mammalian counterparts within the catalytic domain, plus complete conservation of the putative Thr(308) and Ser(474) phosphorylation sites. Treatment of granulosa cells from the three largest preovulatory follicles with insulin-like growth factor (IGF)-I and, to a lesser extent, transforming growth factor (TGF)-alpha induces rapid phosphorylation of Akt, and such phosphorylation is effectively blocked by the PI 3-kinase-inhibitor LY294006. Serum withdrawal from cultured cells for 33-44 h initiates oligonucleosome formation, an indicator of apoptotic cell death, whereas cotreatment with IGF-I prevents this effect. Moreover, treatment of cultured cells for 20 h with LY294006 induces apoptosis. The potential for nonspecific cell toxicity following LY294006 treatment is considered unlikely because of the ability of either LH or 8-bromo cAMP cotreatment to block LY294006-induced cell death. Finally, both IGF-I and TGF-alpha also activate mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinase signaling, at least in part, through the phosphorylation of ERK: However, treatment with neither U0126 nor PD98059 (inhibitors of MAP kinase kinase) induced cell death in cultured granulosa cells, despite the ability of each inhibitor to effectively block Erk phosphorylation. Taken together, these results provide evidence for a role of the Akt signaling pathway in promoting cell survival within the preovulatory follicle granulosa layer. In addition, the data indicate the importance of an alternative survival pathway mediated via gonadotropins and protein kinase A independent of Akt signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- A L Johnson
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana 46556, USA.
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Fu Z, Kubo T, Noguchi T, Kato H. Developmental changes in the mRNA levels of IGF-I and its related genes in the reproductive organs of Japanese quail (Coturnix coturnix japonica). Growth Horm IGF Res 2001; 11:24-33. [PMID: 11437471 DOI: 10.1054/ghir.2000.0186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Summary Insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-I) is involved in the regulation of growth and differentiation of a variety of vertebrate tissues. The biological actions of IGF-I are mediated mainly by the IGF-I receptor (IGF-IR) and partly by the insulin receptor (IR) and modulated by IGF binding proteins (IGFBP). We conducted studies designed to clarify the possible roles of IGF system in the development of the avian reproductive organs. We cloned cDNAs of IGF-I, IGF-IR, IR and IGFBP-2 of Japanese quail and simultaneously measured the expression of these genes in the quail liver, testis and oviduct at different ages using a lysate RNase protection assay. Hepatic IGF-I mRNA levels increased rapidly and remained elevated during the rapid-growing period, which coincided with the period of rapid increase in testicular weight. IGF-I mRNA was detected at each stage of developing testis examined. Its level was high at the early stage and decreased with age. IGFBP-2 mRNA in testis exhibited a similar expression pattern to that of IGF-I, whereas a divergence in IGF-I and IGF-IR gene expression was observed. Both IGF-IR and IR mRNAs increased when the testis grew rapidly and decreased when sexual maturation was almost completed. These results suggest that IGF-I may serve as an autocrine/paracrine regulator as well as an endocrine regulator in the testicular development and function of Japanese quail. In the oviduct, IGF-I, IGF-IR, IR and IGFBP-2 mRNAs were also developmentally regulated. A rapid growth of the oviduct was accompanied by a significant increase in the level of IGF-I mRNA. The expression of genes encoding IGF-IR, IR and IGFBP-2 in the oviduct exhibited a similar developmental change to that of IGF-I. These results suggest that IGF-I mainly works in an autocrine and/or paracrine manner in the oviduct during the development of this organ. The findings of the present study provide further evidence of an important role for IGF system in the development and function of the avian reproductive system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Z Fu
- Laboratory of Nutritional Biochemistry, Department of Applied Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8657, Japan
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