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Shen F, Guo C, Zhang D, Liu Y, Zhang P. Visceral adiposity index as a predictor of type 2 diabetes mellitus risk: A systematic review and dose-response meta-analysis. Nutr Metab Cardiovasc Dis 2024; 34:811-822. [PMID: 38326187 DOI: 10.1016/j.numecd.2023.04.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2022] [Revised: 04/02/2023] [Accepted: 04/07/2023] [Indexed: 02/09/2024]
Abstract
AIMS Considering the positive association between visceral adiposity index (VAI) and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), no comprehensive assessment on the summarized and dose-response relationship between VAI and T2DM has yet been reported. Therefore, we performed a meta-analysis, including dose-response analysis, to quantitively elucidate this association. DATA SYNTHESIS MEDLINE via PubMed and Embase databases were searched for relevant articles up to December 14, 2021. Random-effects generalized least squares regression models were used to assess the quantitative association between VAI and T2DM risk across studies. Restricted cubic splines were used to model the dose-response association. A total of 9 prospective cohort studies and 5 cross sectional studies were included in our review. Based on the meta-analysis, the pooled RR of T2DM was 2.05 (95% CI 1.74-2.41) for the highest versus reference VAI category. We found that the risk of T2DM was increased by 44% (RR, 1.44; 95% CI, 1.23-1.68) with each 1-unit increment of VAI. While, we found no evidence of a nonlinear dose-response association of VAI and T2DM (Pnon-linearity = 0.428). With the linear cubic spline model, when compared to population with VAI at 0.6, for those with VAI at 2.0, the risk of T2DM was increased by 81% (RR, 1.81; 95% CI 1.55-2.12). CONCLUSIONS Our meta-analysis provides quantitative data suggesting that VAI is associated with an increased risk of T2DM. Public health strategies focusing on weight loss among obesity, especially the people characterized by the thin-on-the-outside--fat-on-the-inside phenotype could possibly reduce a substantial risk of T2DM. SYSTEMATIC REVIEW REGISTRATION PROSPERO CRD42022372666.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fang Shen
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310009, China.
| | - Changman Guo
- Department of Prevention and Treatment of infectious disease, Center for Disease Control and Prevention of Xihu District, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310000, China.
| | - Dongdong Zhang
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, Henan, China.
| | | | - Pianhong Zhang
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310009, China.
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Balci MC, Karaca M, Yesil A, Selamioglu A, Korbeyli HK, Durmus A, Ak B, Kozanoglu T, Hacioglu I, Gokcay GF. Evaluation of the risk factors for noncommunicable diseases in patients with inborn errors of amino acid metabolism receiving nutrition therapy. J Pediatr Endocrinol Metab 2023; 36:1146-1153. [PMID: 37795793 DOI: 10.1515/jpem-2023-0325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2023] [Accepted: 09/18/2023] [Indexed: 10/06/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES There is growing concern about the low-protein and high-energy diet therapies used in the treatment of inherited amino acid metabolism disorders. We aimed to identify the risk factors for noncommunicable diseases that may arise from nutritional therapies and suggests approaches that may prevent the development of the noncommunicable diseases. METHODS The present study evaluates 112 patients, on long-term nutritional therapy for at least the last 2 years with a diagnosis of an inborn error of the amino acid metabolism, and their 28 healthy siblings. The participants are assessed for the development of overweight and metabolic syndrome based on an analysis of anthropometric parameters, body composition and the results of biochemical tests. RESULTS Anthropometric measurements including BMI, weight Z-score, waist circumference and fat mass were not significantly different between patients and controls. Height Z-scores were similar in phenylketonuria patients compared to controls, but lower in urea cycle disorders, organic acidemia and maple syrup urine disease groups. No increased risk of development of overweight or metabolic syndrome was detected in the patient group, while there were findings suggesting malnutrition in patients diagnosed with urea cycle disorders. There was a correlation between patients' BMI and C3-carnitine levels in organic acidemia patients and leucine levels in maple syrup urine disease patients. CONCLUSIONS All forms of malnutrition can be prevented in patient groups receiving limited nutrients under a dietary management protocol, based on the findings of anthropometric and biochemical evaluations and analyses of body composition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehmet Cihan Balci
- Division of Nutrition and Metabolism, Istanbul Medical Faculty Children's Hospital, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Türkiyes
| | - Meryem Karaca
- Division of Nutrition and Metabolism, Istanbul Medical Faculty Children's Hospital, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Türkiyes
| | - Alihan Yesil
- Division of Nutrition and Metabolism, Istanbul Medical Faculty Children's Hospital, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Türkiyes
| | - Arzu Selamioglu
- Division of Nutrition and Metabolism, Istanbul Medical Faculty Children's Hospital, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Türkiyes
| | - Huseyin Kutay Korbeyli
- Division of Nutrition and Metabolism, Istanbul Medical Faculty Children's Hospital, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Türkiyes
| | - Asli Durmus
- Division of Nutrition and Metabolism, Istanbul Medical Faculty Children's Hospital, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Türkiyes
| | - Belkis Ak
- Division of Nutrition and Metabolism, Istanbul Medical Faculty Children's Hospital, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Türkiyes
| | - Tugba Kozanoglu
- Division of Nutrition and Metabolism, Istanbul Medical Faculty Children's Hospital, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Türkiyes
| | - Ilknur Hacioglu
- Division of Nutrition and Metabolism, Istanbul Medical Faculty Children's Hospital, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Türkiyes
| | - Gulden Fatma Gokcay
- Division of Nutrition and Metabolism, Istanbul Medical Faculty Children's Hospital, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Türkiyes
- Department of Rare Diseases, Institute of Child Health, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Türkiye
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Lutz TA. Mammalian models of diabetes mellitus, with a focus on type 2 diabetes mellitus. Nat Rev Endocrinol 2023; 19:350-360. [PMID: 36941447 DOI: 10.1038/s41574-023-00818-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/21/2023] [Indexed: 03/23/2023]
Abstract
Although no single animal model replicates all aspects of diabetes mellitus in humans, animal models are essential for the study of energy balance and metabolism control as well as to investigate the reasons for their imbalance that could eventually lead to overt metabolic diseases such as type 2 diabetes mellitus. The most frequently used animal models in diabetes mellitus research are small rodents that harbour spontaneous genetic mutations or that can be manipulated genetically or by other means to influence their nutrient metabolism and nutrient handling. Non-rodent species, including pigs, cats and dogs, are also useful models in diabetes mellitus research. This Review will outline the advantages and disadvantages of selected animal models of diabetes mellitus to build a basis for their most appropriate use in biomedical research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas A Lutz
- Institute of Veterinary Physiology, Vetsuisse Faculty University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.
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Campos-Ramírez C, Palacios-Delgado J, Caamaño-Perez MDC, Camacho-Calderon N, Villagrán-Herrera ME, Aguilar-Galarza A, García-Gasca T, Anaya-Loyola MA. Perceived Stress Is Directly Associated with Major Consumption of Sugar-Sweetened Beverages among Public University Students. Behav Sci (Basel) 2023; 13:bs13030232. [PMID: 36975257 PMCID: PMC10045845 DOI: 10.3390/bs13030232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2022] [Revised: 02/22/2023] [Accepted: 03/03/2023] [Indexed: 03/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Stress is a condition that has been related to the development of risk behaviors for health such as sugar-sweetened beverages (SSBs) consumption. The aim of this study was to examine the link between SSBs consumption and perceived stress level in university students. This was an observational, cross-sectional and single-time-point study where the subjects were recruited as a non-probabilistic sample of first-year university students. The students reported their SSBs consumption through a validated questionnaire, as well as their perceived stress level, evaluated through the Cohen scale. Comparisons were made between the means of all variables. Factorial analysis of variance was conducted to explore the effect of the variables’ interaction on the stress level. One-way analysis of variance was performed to assess differences between the sexes. Men consumed more SSBs (6101.17 ± 3772.50 mL/week) compared to women (4294.06 ± 3093.8 mL/week). However, women had higher scores of perceived stress and showed a strong association of stress with the SSBs consumption pattern (r and p-value). This study shows for the first time the association that exists between stress and SSBs consumption and indicates that it is related to sex in the young population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cesar Campos-Ramírez
- Department of Neurometabolism Sciences, School of Medicine, Autonomous University of Queretaro, Clavel 200, Prados de la Capilla, Queretaro 76176, Mexico
| | - Jorge Palacios-Delgado
- Neuroeconomics Research Department, University of Valle de México, Campus Querétaro, Blvd. Juriquilla 1000 A. Santa Rosa Jáuregui, Querétaro 76230, Mexico
| | - Maria del Carmen Caamaño-Perez
- Department of Human Nutrition, School of Natural Sciences, Autonomous University of Queretaro, Av. De las Ciencias Juriquilla, Queretaro 76230, Mexico
| | - Nicolas Camacho-Calderon
- Department of Neurometabolism Sciences, School of Medicine, Autonomous University of Queretaro, Clavel 200, Prados de la Capilla, Queretaro 76176, Mexico
| | - María Elena Villagrán-Herrera
- Department of Neurometabolism Sciences, School of Medicine, Autonomous University of Queretaro, Clavel 200, Prados de la Capilla, Queretaro 76176, Mexico
| | - Adriana Aguilar-Galarza
- Department of Human Nutrition, School of Natural Sciences, Autonomous University of Queretaro, Av. De las Ciencias Juriquilla, Queretaro 76230, Mexico
| | - Teresa García-Gasca
- Department of Human Nutrition, School of Natural Sciences, Autonomous University of Queretaro, Av. De las Ciencias Juriquilla, Queretaro 76230, Mexico
| | - Miriam Aracely Anaya-Loyola
- Department of Human Nutrition, School of Natural Sciences, Autonomous University of Queretaro, Av. De las Ciencias Juriquilla, Queretaro 76230, Mexico
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +52-442-192-1200 (ext. 5367)
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Amouzegar A, Honarvar M, Masoumi S, Tohidi M, Mehran L, Azizi F. Sex-specific trajectories of insulin resistance markers and reduced renal function during 18 years of follow-up; TLGS. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2022; 108:e230-e239. [PMID: 36546593 DOI: 10.1210/clinem/dgac735] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2022] [Revised: 12/07/2022] [Accepted: 12/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the association between the dynamic course of insulin resistance and chronic kidney disease (CKD). METHODS In a longitudinal population-based Tehran Lipid and Glucose Study, 3071 eligible participants aged ≥20 years were followed for 18 years at three-year intervals. HOMA-IR and clinical surrogate markers of insulin resistance, including triglyceride-glucose index (TyG), visceral adiposity index (VAI), and lipid accumulation product (LAP), were calculated. Using latent variable mixture modeling, sex-specific trajectories were plotted for each insulin resistance marker. Trajectory group association of the insulin resistance markers with CKD was determined using the multivariate cox proportional hazards regression model. RESULTS For HOMA-IR, two distinct trajectory patterns (stable and increasing), and for TyG, VAI, and LAP, three trajectories (low, moderate, high) were identified. The participants with increasing HOMA-IR trajectory had a significantly increased risk of CKD in men (HR: 1.72, 95%CI: 1.06-2.79) and women (HR: 1.37, 95%CI: 1.00-1.89) after adjusting confounding variables. The high TyG and VAI trajectory classes were associated with a higher risk of CKD than the low TyG and VAI trajectory classes in both men (TyG: HR:1.97, 95%CI: 1.12-3.46; VAI: HR:1.66, 95%CI:1.06-2.62) and women (TyG: HR:1.50, 95%CI:1.06-2.12; VAI: HR:1.66, 95%CI:1.20-2.31). In contrast, the High LAP (HR: 3.38, 95%CI: 2.08-5.48) trajectory was associated with incident CKD only in women. CONCLUSION An increasing trend of HOMA-IR is associated with a higher risk of CKD in men and women. Among clinical insulin resistance surrogate markers, abnormal trajectory patterns of LAP in women and TyG and VAI in both sexes are associated with a higher risk of CKD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atieh Amouzegar
- Endocrine Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, I.R.Iran
| | - Mohammadjavad Honarvar
- Endocrine Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, I.R.Iran
| | - Safdar Masoumi
- Endocrine Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, I.R.Iran
| | - Maryam Tohidi
- Prevention of Metabolic Disorders Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, I.R.Iran
| | - Ladan Mehran
- Endocrine Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, I.R.Iran
| | - Fereidoun Azizi
- Endocrine Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, I.R.Iran
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Huizar YP, Cundiff JM, Schmidt AT, Cribbet MR. Risky Early Family Environment and Genetic Associations with Adult Metabolic Dysregulation. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:14032. [PMID: 36360915 PMCID: PMC9656925 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph192114032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2022] [Revised: 10/19/2022] [Accepted: 10/22/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Growing up in a family environment characterized by neglectful parenting, overt conflict, and unsupportive relationships is associated with poor health in adulthood. A risky early family environment may also be associated with obesity in adulthood, likely through the activation of the HPA axis. Likewise, the GABAergic (gamma-aminobutyric acid) T>C single nucleotide polymorphism in the 1519 nucleotide position of the GABAAα6 receptor subunit gene has been associated with a predisposition to a higher body mass index and a larger waist circumference. Participants (n = 213, Mage = 30.13 years, SD = 10.85; 57.7% men) from the Pittsburgh Cold Study 3 completed a demographic questionnaire, the Risky Families Questionnaire (RFQ) and had their height, weight, and waist circumference measured during a physical exam. Participant DNA was recovered from buccal swabs and genotyped for the various allelic types of the SNP according to published protocols. In secondary data analyses, we tested the hypothesis that early family environment and GABRA6 would be positively associated with body mass index and waist circumference. We also examined diurnal cortisol as a mechanism linking both early risky family environment and GABRA6 to metabolic outcomes. The findings provide evidence that a risky early family environment may exert more influence than genetic predisposition when determining the indices of metabolic health in adulthood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yazmine P. Huizar
- Department of Psychology, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX 79409, USA
| | - Jenny M. Cundiff
- Department of Psychology, University of Alabama, 348 Gordon Palmer Hall, Box 870348, Tuscaloosa, AL 35487, USA
| | - Adam T. Schmidt
- Department of Psychology, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX 79409, USA
| | - Matthew R. Cribbet
- Department of Psychology, University of Alabama, 348 Gordon Palmer Hall, Box 870348, Tuscaloosa, AL 35487, USA
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Brettle H, Tran V, Drummond GR, Franks AE, Petrovski S, Vinh A, Jelinic M. Sex hormones, intestinal inflammation, and the gut microbiome: Major influencers of the sexual dimorphisms in obesity. Front Immunol 2022; 13:971048. [PMID: 36248832 PMCID: PMC9554749 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.971048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2022] [Accepted: 08/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Obesity is defined as the excessive accumulation of body fat and is associated with an increased risk of developing major health problems such as cardiovascular disease, diabetes and stroke. There are clear sexual dimorphisms in the epidemiology, pathophysiology and sequelae of obesity and its accompanying metabolic disorders, with females often better protected compared to males. This protection has predominantly been attributed to the female sex hormone estrogen and differences in fat distribution. More recently, the sexual dimorphisms of obesity have also been attributed to the differences in the composition and function of the gut microbiota, and the intestinal immune system. This review will comprehensively summarize the pre-clinical and clinical evidence for these sexual dimorphisms and discuss the interplay between sex hormones, intestinal inflammation and the gut microbiome in obesity. Major gaps and limitations of this rapidly growing area of research will also be highlighted in this review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Holly Brettle
- Centre for Cardiovascular Biology and Disease Research, Department of Microbiology, Anatomy Physiology and Pharmacology, School of Agriculture, Biomedicine and Environment, La Trobe University, Bundoora, VIC, Australia
| | - Vivian Tran
- Centre for Cardiovascular Biology and Disease Research, Department of Microbiology, Anatomy Physiology and Pharmacology, School of Agriculture, Biomedicine and Environment, La Trobe University, Bundoora, VIC, Australia
| | - Grant R. Drummond
- Centre for Cardiovascular Biology and Disease Research, Department of Microbiology, Anatomy Physiology and Pharmacology, School of Agriculture, Biomedicine and Environment, La Trobe University, Bundoora, VIC, Australia
| | - Ashley E. Franks
- Department of Microbiology, Anatomy Physiology and Pharmacology, School of Agriculture, Biomedicine and Environment, La Trobe University, Bundoora, VIC, Australia
| | - Steve Petrovski
- Centre for Cardiovascular Biology and Disease Research, Department of Microbiology, Anatomy Physiology and Pharmacology, School of Agriculture, Biomedicine and Environment, La Trobe University, Bundoora, VIC, Australia
| | - Antony Vinh
- Centre for Cardiovascular Biology and Disease Research, Department of Microbiology, Anatomy Physiology and Pharmacology, School of Agriculture, Biomedicine and Environment, La Trobe University, Bundoora, VIC, Australia
| | - Maria Jelinic
- Centre for Cardiovascular Biology and Disease Research, Department of Microbiology, Anatomy Physiology and Pharmacology, School of Agriculture, Biomedicine and Environment, La Trobe University, Bundoora, VIC, Australia
- *Correspondence: Maria Jelinic,
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Chechekhin VI, Kulebyakin KY, Kokaev RI, Tyurin-Kuzmin PA. GPCRs in the regulation of the functional activity of multipotent mesenchymal stromal cells. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 10:953374. [PMID: 36046341 PMCID: PMC9421028 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2022.953374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2022] [Accepted: 07/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Adipose tissue is one of the tissues in the human body that is renewed during the whole life. Dysregulation of this process leads to conditions such as obesity, metabolic syndrome, and type 2 diabetes. The key role in maintaining the healthy state of adipose tissue is played by a specific group of postnatal stem cells called multipotent mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs). They are both precursors for new adipocytes and key paracrine regulators of adipose tissue homeostasis. The activity of MSCs is tightly adjusted to the needs of the organism. To ensure such coordination, MSCs are put under strict regulation which is realized through a wide variety of signaling mechanisms. They control aspects of MSC activity such as proliferation, differentiation, and production of signal molecules via alteration of MSC sensitivity to hormonal stimuli. In this regard, MSCs use all the main mechanisms of hormonal sensitivity regulation observed in differentiated cells, but at the same time, several unique regulatory mechanisms have been found in MSCs. In the presented review, we will cover these unique mechanisms as well as specifics of common mechanisms of regulation of hormonal sensitivity in stem cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vadim I. Chechekhin
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Konstantin Yu. Kulebyakin
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Romesh I. Kokaev
- Institute of Biomedical Investigations, The Affiliate of Vladikavkaz Scientific Centre of Russian Academy of Sciences, Vladikavkaz, Russia
| | - Pyotr A. Tyurin-Kuzmin
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
- *Correspondence: Pyotr A. Tyurin-Kuzmin,
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Andrews C, Oths KS, Dressler WW. Time in the United States and Diabetes Among Mexican Immigrant Women: The Moderating Role of Culture. J Migr Health 2022; 6:100118. [PMID: 35668735 PMCID: PMC9166447 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmh.2022.100118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2021] [Revised: 05/16/2022] [Accepted: 05/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
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Kwon YJ, Park DH, Choi JE, Lee D, Hong KW, Lee JW. Identification of the interactions between specific genetic polymorphisms and nutrient intake associated with general and abdominal obesity in middle-aged adults. Clin Nutr 2022; 41:543-551. [PMID: 35030529 DOI: 10.1016/j.clnu.2021.12.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2021] [Revised: 12/25/2021] [Accepted: 12/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Comprehensive understanding of gene-diet interactions is necessary to establish proper dietary guidelines to prevent and manage general and abdominal obesity. We investigated the role of genetic variants and their interactions with general and abdominal obesity-associated nutrients using a largescale genome-wide association study of Korean adults. METHODS A total of 50,808 participants from a Korean genome and epidemiology study were included. Dietary intake was assessed using a food frequency questionnaire. Obesity was defined as a body mass index ≥25 kg/m2. Abdominal obesity (AO) was defined as waist circumference ≥90 cm and 80 cm in males and females, respectively. Dietary nutrient intake was classified based on Korean Dietary Reference Intakes (DRIs). Odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals were calculated after adjusting for age, sex, exercise, smoking, alcohol drinking, total energy consumption, PC1, and PC2. RESULTS Among the individuals consuming fat (%) above DRI, carriers of Ca binding protein 39 (CAB39)- rs6722579 minor allele (A) have a higher risk of AO than those not carrying the SNP (odds ration [OR] = 3.73, p-value = 2.05e-07; interaction p-value = 1.80e-07). Among the individuals consuming vitamin C above DRI, carriers of carboxypeptidase Q (CPQ)- rs59465035 minor allele (T) have a lower risk of AO than those without that SNP (OR = 0.89, p-value = 1.44e-08; interaction p-value = 9.50e-06). The genetic association with obesity was stronger among individuals with a genetic variant rs4130113 near GHR gene region in those consume folate above DRI and with a genetic variant rs5760920 near CRYBB2 gene region in those consume vitamin B2 above DRI. CONCLUSION Our study results suggested that interactions of specific polymorphisms at loci and certain nutrients may influence obesity and abdominal obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Jin Kwon
- Department of Family Medicine, Yongin Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, 363, Dongbaekjukjeon-daero, Giheung-gu, Yongin-si 16995, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Da Hyun Park
- Theragen Bio Co., Ltd., Suwon, Gyeonggi-do, 16229, Republic of Korea
| | - Ja-Eun Choi
- Theragen Bio Co., Ltd., Suwon, Gyeonggi-do, 16229, Republic of Korea
| | - Dasom Lee
- Theragen Bio Co., Ltd., Suwon, Gyeonggi-do, 16229, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyung-Won Hong
- Theragen Bio Co., Ltd., Suwon, Gyeonggi-do, 16229, Republic of Korea.
| | - Ji-Won Lee
- Department of Family Medicine, Gangnam Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, 211 Eonju-ro, Gangnam-gu, Seoul 06273, Republic of Korea.
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Kali A, Gusmanov A, Aripov M, Chan MY. Proposing new body mass index and waist circumference cut-offs based on cardiometabolic risks for a Central Asia population: A feasibility study. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2022; 13:963352. [PMID: 36093117 PMCID: PMC9453809 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2022.963352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2022] [Accepted: 07/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Lower BMI cutoffs as compared to standard cut-offs have been recommended to reduce the risk of obesity-related co-morbidities in some ethnic populations (e.g. south Asian and Chinese populations). Recent attempts have also been made to establish ethnicity-specific BMI cutoffs to identify individuals affected with obesity in relation to type 2 diabetes risk in multi-ethnic populations based in the UK and North America. However, to date, there is yet to have any published work done to identify these cut-offs in Central Asia populations nor specify any difference for genders even though the fat distribution varies amongst the different ethnic groups as well as between the genders. To the best of the authors' knowledge, this is the first study exploring new BMI and WC cut-offs in this population. METHODS To address this gap, we used a database of secondary care electronic health records from the National Research Cardiac Surgery Center to identify BMI and waist circumference cutoffs for obesity based on the risk of developing diabetes and other cardiometabolic disorders among 297 adults in Kazakhstan. Bivariate and multivariable logistic regression analysis were utilized to investigate the relationships between risk factors and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). BMI and WC thresholds were predicted using the Youden index. RESULTS For an equivalent age-adjusted and sex-adjusted incidence of type 2 diabetes at a BMI of 30·0 kg/m2 in White populations, we found higher BMI cutoffs for Kazakhstani women (30.5 kg/m2) but lower cut-offs for men (28·9 kg/m2). As for waist circumference, the cut-off points for females were 95cm and 104 cm for males. CONCLUSIONS For Central Asia populations, the current recommended BMI and WC cutoffs may not be suitable and further work is needed to establish specific cut-offs for this population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aknur Kali
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, Nazarbayev University, Nur-sultan, Kazakhstan
| | - Arnur Gusmanov
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, Nazarbayev University, Nur-sultan, Kazakhstan
| | - Marat Aripov
- University Medical Center, School of Medicine, Nasarbayev University, Nur-sultan, Kazakhstan
| | - Mei-Yen Chan
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, Nazarbayev University, Nur-sultan, Kazakhstan
- *Correspondence: Mei-Yen Chan, ;
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Accuracy of Waist Circumference Measurement using the WHO versus NIH Protocol in Predicting Visceral Adiposity Using Bioelectrical Impedance Analysis among Overweight and Obese Adult Filipinos in a Tertiary Hospital. J ASEAN Fed Endocr Soc 2021; 36:180-188. [PMID: 34966203 PMCID: PMC8666483 DOI: 10.15605/jafes.036.02.13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2021] [Accepted: 08/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives The study aimed to compare the performance of weight circumference (WC) measurement using the World Health Organization (WHO) versus National Institutes of Health (NIH) protocol in identifying visceral adiposity, and to determine the association of WC with cardiometabolic risk factors among overweight and obese adult Filipinos. Methodology A retrospective study involving 221 subjects (99 males, 122 females) evaluated at an outpatient weight intervention center of a tertiary hospital. The WC was measured at the superior border of the iliac crest (WC-NIH) and midway between the lowest rib and the iliac crest (WC-WHO) for each patient. Using visceral fat rating (VF) derived via bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA) as reference standard, diagnostic accuracy tests for both protocols (using cut-offs of ≥90 cm in males and ≥80 cm in females) were done. Cardiometabolic parameters were also obtained, and binary logistic regression was performed to determine associations with WC. Results Among males, WC-WHO had 96% sensitivity (95% CI 88.8%-99.2%) and 25% specificity (95% CI 9.77%-46.7%) while WC-NIH had 94.7% sensitivity (95% CI 86.9%-98.5%) and 29.2% specificity (95% CI 12.6%-51.1%) to predict high VF >12. Among females, WC-WHO had 100% sensitivity (95% CI 90%-100%) and 24.1% specificity (95% CI 15.6%-34.5%) while WC-NIH had 100% sensitivity (95% CI 90%-100%) and 4.6% specificity (95% CI 1.3%-11.4%). Prevalence of high VF was significantly greater among males – 75.8% (95% CI 66.1%-83.8%) vs. 28.7% (95% CI 20.9%-37.6%) in females (p<0.001). Among females, WC-NIH tended to have higher measurements than WC-WHO by an average of 4.67 cm. Females with WC-WHO measurements of at least 80 cm were approximately four times more likely to have low (<50 mg/dL) HDL levels (cOR 3.82, p=<0.05), even after adjusting for age (aOR 3.83, p=<0.05). Conclusion WC measurement using the WHO and NIH protocols were both highly sensitive but had low specificity in predicting high VF estimated via BIA among overweight and obese adult Filipinos in this study. WC-NIH measurements tended to be higher among the females, which may affect classification of central obesity when using this protocol. WC ≥80 cm measured using the WHO protocol was associated with low HDL levels among female subjects. Prospective studies conducted among the general Filipino population are recommended to verify these findings.
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Baek J, Robert-Nicoud G, Herrera Hidalgo C, Borg ML, Iqbal MN, Berlin R, Lindgren M, Waara E, Uddén A, Pietiläinen K, Bengtsson T. Engineered mesoporous silica reduces long-term blood glucose, HbA1c, and improves metabolic parameters in prediabetics. Nanomedicine (Lond) 2021; 17:9-22. [PMID: 34854740 DOI: 10.2217/nnm-2021-0235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim: To investigate the effect of oral consumption of engineered mesoporous silica particles, SiPore15®, on long-term blood glucose levels and other metabolic parameters in individuals with prediabetes and newly diagnosed Type 2 diabetes. Method: An open-label, single-arm, multicenter trial was conducted in which SiPore15 was consumed three times daily for 12 weeks. Hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c, primary end point) and an array of metabolic parameters were measured at baseline and throughout the trial. Result: SiPore15 treatment significantly reduced HbA1c by a clinically meaningful degree and improved several disease-associated parameters with minimal side effects. Conclusion: The results from this study demonstrate the potential use of SiPore15 as a treatment for prediabetes that may also delay or prevent the onset of Type 2 diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeanha Baek
- Sigrid Therapeutics AB, Norrtullsgatan 6, Stockholm, SE-113 29, Sweden
| | | | | | - Melissa L Borg
- Sigrid Therapeutics AB, Norrtullsgatan 6, Stockholm, SE-113 29, Sweden
| | - Muhammad N Iqbal
- Sigrid Therapeutics AB, Norrtullsgatan 6, Stockholm, SE-113 29, Sweden.,Department of Materials and Environmental Chemistry, Stockholm University, Stockholm, SE-106 91, Sweden
| | - Roger Berlin
- 1.618 Consulting LLC, Philadelphia, PA 19107, USA
| | - Maria Lindgren
- Sigrid Therapeutics AB, Norrtullsgatan 6, Stockholm, SE-113 29, Sweden
| | - Erik Waara
- Sigrid Therapeutics AB, Norrtullsgatan 6, Stockholm, SE-113 29, Sweden
| | - Anna Uddén
- Sigrid Therapeutics AB, Norrtullsgatan 6, Stockholm, SE-113 29, Sweden
| | - Kirsi Pietiläinen
- Obesity Research Unit, Research Program for Clinical and Molecular Metabolism, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, 00014, Finland.,Obesity Center, Abdominal Center, Helsinki University Hospital and University of Helsinki, Helsinki, 00014, Finland
| | - Tore Bengtsson
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, The Wenner-Gren Institute, Stockholm University, Stockholm, SE-106 91, Sweden
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Geddes DT, Gridneva Z, Perrella SL, Mitoulas LR, Kent JC, Stinson LF, Lai CT, Sakalidis V, Twigger AJ, Hartmann PE. 25 Years of Research in Human Lactation: From Discovery to Translation. Nutrients 2021; 13:3071. [PMID: 34578947 PMCID: PMC8465002 DOI: 10.3390/nu13093071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2021] [Revised: 08/26/2021] [Accepted: 08/26/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Researchers have recently called for human lactation research to be conceptualized as a biological framework where maternal and infant factors impacting human milk, in terms of composition, volume and energy content are studied along with relationships to infant growth, development and health. This approach allows for the development of evidence-based interventions that are more likely to support breastfeeding and lactation in pursuit of global breastfeeding goals. Here we summarize the seminal findings of our research programme using a biological systems approach traversing breast anatomy, milk secretion, physiology of milk removal with respect to breastfeeding and expression, milk composition and infant intake, and infant gastric emptying, culminating in the exploration of relationships with infant growth, development of body composition, and health. This approach has allowed the translation of the findings with respect to education, and clinical practice. It also sets a foundation for improved study design for future investigations in human lactation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Donna Tracy Geddes
- School of Molecular Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA 6009, Australia; (Z.G.); (S.L.P.); (L.R.M.); (J.C.K.); (L.F.S.); (C.T.L.); (V.S.); (P.E.H.)
| | - Zoya Gridneva
- School of Molecular Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA 6009, Australia; (Z.G.); (S.L.P.); (L.R.M.); (J.C.K.); (L.F.S.); (C.T.L.); (V.S.); (P.E.H.)
| | - Sharon Lisa Perrella
- School of Molecular Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA 6009, Australia; (Z.G.); (S.L.P.); (L.R.M.); (J.C.K.); (L.F.S.); (C.T.L.); (V.S.); (P.E.H.)
| | - Leon Robert Mitoulas
- School of Molecular Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA 6009, Australia; (Z.G.); (S.L.P.); (L.R.M.); (J.C.K.); (L.F.S.); (C.T.L.); (V.S.); (P.E.H.)
- Medela, AG, Lättichstrasse 4b, 6340 Baar, Switzerland
| | - Jacqueline Coral Kent
- School of Molecular Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA 6009, Australia; (Z.G.); (S.L.P.); (L.R.M.); (J.C.K.); (L.F.S.); (C.T.L.); (V.S.); (P.E.H.)
| | - Lisa Faye Stinson
- School of Molecular Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA 6009, Australia; (Z.G.); (S.L.P.); (L.R.M.); (J.C.K.); (L.F.S.); (C.T.L.); (V.S.); (P.E.H.)
| | - Ching Tat Lai
- School of Molecular Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA 6009, Australia; (Z.G.); (S.L.P.); (L.R.M.); (J.C.K.); (L.F.S.); (C.T.L.); (V.S.); (P.E.H.)
| | - Vanessa Sakalidis
- School of Molecular Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA 6009, Australia; (Z.G.); (S.L.P.); (L.R.M.); (J.C.K.); (L.F.S.); (C.T.L.); (V.S.); (P.E.H.)
| | | | - Peter Edwin Hartmann
- School of Molecular Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA 6009, Australia; (Z.G.); (S.L.P.); (L.R.M.); (J.C.K.); (L.F.S.); (C.T.L.); (V.S.); (P.E.H.)
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Dickman KD, Thomas MC, Anderson B, Manuck SB, Kamarck TW. Social Integration and Diurnal Cortisol Decline: The Role of Psychosocial and Behavioral Pathways. Psychosom Med 2021; 82:568-576. [PMID: 32427757 PMCID: PMC7367491 DOI: 10.1097/psy.0000000000000825] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE A growing number of studies have associated various measures of social integration, the diversity of social roles in which one participates, with alterations in hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenocortical (HPA) functioning. The pathways through which social integration may be linked to HPA functioning, however, are as yet unknown. The present study examined whether daily social interactions, affective responses, health behaviors, and personality help explain the association between social integration and diurnal cortisol slope. METHODS A sample of 456 healthy, employed adults (53.9% female, 82.0% white, 72.2% bachelor's degree or greater, mean age of 42.86 years) completed a 4-day ecological momentary assessment protocol that measured cortisol, social interactions, affect, sleep, and physical activity at frequent intervals throughout the day. Social integration was measured at baseline. RESULTS Regression results controlling for age, sex, race, and education indicated that more socially integrated individuals showed steeper cortisol slopes (B = -0.00253, p = .006). Exploratory analyses suggested that the consistency (i.e., reduced variability) in nightly sleep midpoint partially explained this association (B = -0.00042, 95% confidence interval = -0.00095 to -0.00001). Personality, mood, social interaction patterns, and nonsleep health behavior differences did not account for the association between social integration and HPA activity. CONCLUSION This study replicates previous findings linking social integration and HPA functioning, and it examines patterns of nightly sleep as possible pathways through which the association may operate. Results have implications for understanding mechanisms for health risk and for development of future interventions.
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Ahmad S, Drag MH, Salleh SM, Cai Z, Nielsen MO. Transcriptomics analysis of differentially expressed genes in subcutaneous and perirenal adipose tissue of sheep as affected by their pre- and early postnatal malnutrition histories. BMC Genomics 2021; 22:338. [PMID: 33975549 PMCID: PMC8114714 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-021-07672-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2021] [Accepted: 04/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Early life malnutrition is known to target adipose tissue with varying impact depending on timing of the insult. This study aimed to identify differentially expressed genes in subcutaneous (SUB) and perirenal (PER) adipose tissue of 2.5-years old sheep to elucidate the biology underlying differential impacts of late gestation versus early postnatal malnutrition on functional development of adipose tissues. Adipose tissues were obtained from 37 adult sheep born as twins to dams fed either NORM (fulfilling energy and protein requirements), LOW (50% of NORM) or HIGH (110% of protein and 150% of energy requirements) diets in the last 6-weeks of gestation. From day 3 to 6 months of age, lambs were fed high-carbohydrate-high-fat (HCHF) or moderate low-fat (CONV) diets, and thereafter the same moderate low-fat diet. RESULTS The gene expression profile of SUB in the adult sheep was not affected by the pre- or early postnatal nutrition history. In PER, 993 and 186 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified in LOW versus HIGH and NORM, respectively, but no DEG was found between HIGH and NORM. DEGs identified in the mismatched pre- and postnatal nutrition groups LOW-HCHF (101) and HIGH-HCHF (192) were largely downregulated compared to NORM-CONV. Out of 831 DEGs, 595 and 236 were up- and downregulated in HCHF versus CONV, respectively. The functional enrichment analyses revealed that transmembrane (ion) transport activities, motor activities related to cytoskeletal and spermatozoa function (microtubules and the cytoskeletal motor protein, dynein), and responsiveness to the (micro) environmental extracellular conditions, including endocrine and nervous stimuli were enriched in the DEGs of LOW versus HIGH and NORM. We confirmed that mismatched pre- and postnatal feeding was associated with long-term programming of adipose tissue remodeling and immunity-related pathways. In agreement with phenotypic measurements, early postnatal HCHF feeding targeted pathways involved in kidney cell differentiation, and mismatched LOW-HCHF sheep had specific impairments in cholesterol metabolism pathways. CONCLUSIONS Both pre- and postnatal malnutrition differentially programmed (patho-) physiological pathways with implications for adipose functional development associated with metabolic dysfunctions, and PER was a major target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sharmila Ahmad
- Nutrition Research Unit, Department of Animal Science, Aarhus University, Blichers Alle 20, 8830 Tjele, Denmark
| | - Markus Hodal Drag
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 3B, 2200 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Suraya Mohamad Salleh
- Department of Animal Science, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 Serdang, Selangor Malaysia
- Department of Animal Nutrition and Management, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, 750 07 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Zexi Cai
- Centre for Quantitative Genetics and Genomics, Aarhus University, Blichers Alle 20, 8830 Tjele, Denmark
| | - Mette Olaf Nielsen
- Nutrition Research Unit, Department of Animal Science, Aarhus University, Blichers Alle 20, 8830 Tjele, Denmark
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Lynch S, Boyett JE, Smith MR, Giordano-Mooga S. Sex Hormone Regulation of Proteins Modulating Mitochondrial Metabolism, Dynamics and Inter-Organellar Cross Talk in Cardiovascular Disease. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 8:610516. [PMID: 33644031 PMCID: PMC7905018 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2020.610516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2020] [Accepted: 11/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is the leading cause of death in the U.S. and worldwide. Sex-related disparities have been identified in the presentation and incidence rate of CVD. Mitochondrial dysfunction plays a role in both the etiology and pathology of CVD. Recent work has suggested that the sex hormones play a role in regulating mitochondrial dynamics, metabolism, and cross talk with other organelles. Specifically, the female sex hormone, estrogen, has both a direct and an indirect role in regulating mitochondrial biogenesis via PGC-1α, dynamics through Opa1, Mfn1, Mfn2, and Drp1, as well as metabolism and redox signaling through the antioxidant response element. Furthermore, data suggests that testosterone is cardioprotective in males and may regulate mitochondrial biogenesis through PGC-1α and dynamics via Mfn1 and Drp1. These cell-signaling hubs are essential in maintaining mitochondrial integrity and cell viability, ultimately impacting CVD survival. PGC-1α also plays a crucial role in inter-organellar cross talk between the mitochondria and other organelles such as the peroxisome. This inter-organellar signaling is an avenue for ameliorating rampant ROS produced by dysregulated mitochondria and for regulating intrinsic apoptosis by modulating intracellular Ca2+ levels through interactions with the endoplasmic reticulum. There is a need for future research on the regulatory role of the sex hormones, particularly testosterone, and their cardioprotective effects. This review hopes to highlight the regulatory role of sex hormones on mitochondrial signaling and their function in the underlying disparities between men and women in CVD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shannon Lynch
- Biomedical Sciences Program, Graduate School, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States
| | - James E Boyett
- Biomedical Sciences Program, Department of Clinical and Diagnostic Science, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States
| | - M Ryan Smith
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, United States
| | - Samantha Giordano-Mooga
- Biomedical Sciences Program, Department of Clinical and Diagnostic Science, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States
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Lopes H, Egan B. Visceral adiposity syndrome and cardiometabolism. SCRIPTA MEDICA 2021. [DOI: 10.5937/scriptamed52-32717] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022] Open
Abstract
The distribution of fat in the human body is related to hemodynamic and metabolic homeostasis. Brown fat is inversely related to body mass index and is associated with a lower probability of developing diabetes. Beige adipose tissue shares some functional characteristics with brown adipose tissue. White adipose tissue constitutes the majority of the fatty tissue and is mainly distributed in the subcutaneous and abdominal cavity. Intra-abdominal white fat has gained prominence in recent years for its association with cardiovascular risk factors and higher cardiovascular mortality. This review article discusses the human adaptation in the environment, a sympathovagal and hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal imbalance as a possible cause of increased visceral adiposity and its consequences on cardiometabolism.
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Liu Y, Zhang X, Lee J, Smelser D, Cade B, Chen H, Zhou H, Kirchner HL, Lin X, Mukherjee S, Hillman D, Liu CT, Redline S, Sofer T. Genome-wide association study of neck circumference identifies sex-specific loci independent of generalized adiposity. Int J Obes (Lond) 2021; 45:1532-1541. [PMID: 33907307 PMCID: PMC8236408 DOI: 10.1038/s41366-021-00817-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2020] [Revised: 03/06/2021] [Accepted: 04/09/2021] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES Neck circumference, an index of upper airway fat, has been suggested to be an important measure of body-fat distribution with unique associations with health outcomes such as obstructive sleep apnea and metabolic disease. This study aims to study the genetic bases of neck circumference. METHODS We conducted a multi-ethnic genome-wide association study of neck circumference, adjusted and unadjusted for BMI, in up to 15,090 European Ancestry (EA) and African American (AA) individuals. Because sexually dimorphic associations have been observed for anthropometric traits, we conducted both sex-combined and sex-specific analysis. RESULTS We identified rs227724 near the Noggin (NOG) gene as a possible quantitative locus for neck circumference in men (N = 8831, P = 1.74 × 10-9) but not in women (P = 0.08). The association was replicated in men (N = 1554, P = 0.045) in an independent dataset. This locus was previously reported to be associated with human height and with self-reported snoring. We also identified rs13087058 on chromosome 3 as a suggestive locus in sex-combined analysis (N = 15090, P = 2.94 × 10-7; replication P =0.049). This locus was also associated with electrocardiogram-assessed PR interval and is a cis-expression quantitative locus for the PDZ Domain-containing ring finger 2 (PDZRN3) gene. Both NOG and PDZRN3 interact with members of transforming growth factor-beta superfamily signaling proteins. CONCLUSIONS Our study suggests that neck circumference may have unique genetic basis independent of BMI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaowu Liu
- grid.38142.3c000000041936754XDepartment of Biostatistics, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA USA
| | - Xiaoyu Zhang
- grid.189504.10000 0004 1936 7558Department of Biostatistics, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA USA
| | - Jiwon Lee
- grid.62560.370000 0004 0378 8294Division of Sleep and Circadian Disorders, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA USA
| | - Diane Smelser
- grid.415341.60000 0004 0433 4040Department of Molecular and Functional Genomics, Geisinger Clinic, Danville, PA USA
| | - Brian Cade
- grid.62560.370000 0004 0378 8294Division of Sleep and Circadian Disorders, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA USA ,grid.38142.3c000000041936754XDepartment of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA USA
| | - Han Chen
- grid.267308.80000 0000 9206 2401Human Genetics Center, Department of Epidemiology, Human Genetics, and Environmental Sciences, School of Public Health, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX USA ,grid.267308.80000 0000 9206 2401Center for Precision Health, School of Biomedical Informatics, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX USA
| | - Hufeng Zhou
- grid.38142.3c000000041936754XDepartment of Biostatistics, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA USA
| | - H. Lester Kirchner
- grid.415341.60000 0004 0433 4040Department of Population Health Sciences, Geisinger Clinic, Danville, PA USA
| | - Xihong Lin
- grid.38142.3c000000041936754XDepartment of Biostatistics, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA USA ,grid.38142.3c000000041936754XDepartment of Statistics, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA USA
| | - Sutapa Mukherjee
- Sleep Health Service, Respiratory and Sleep Services, Southern Adelaide Local Health Network, Adelaide, SA Australia ,grid.1014.40000 0004 0367 2697Adelaide Institute for Sleep Health, Flinders Health and Medical Research Institute, College of Medicine and Public Health, Flinders University, Adelaide, SA Australia
| | - David Hillman
- grid.1012.20000 0004 1936 7910School of Human Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA Australia
| | - Ching-Ti Liu
- grid.189504.10000 0004 1936 7558Department of Biostatistics, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA USA
| | - Susan Redline
- grid.62560.370000 0004 0378 8294Division of Sleep and Circadian Disorders, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA USA ,grid.38142.3c000000041936754XDepartment of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA USA
| | - Tamar Sofer
- grid.38142.3c000000041936754XDepartment of Biostatistics, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA USA ,grid.62560.370000 0004 0378 8294Division of Sleep and Circadian Disorders, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA USA ,grid.38142.3c000000041936754XDepartment of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA USA
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Tyagi K, Agarwal NB, Kapur P, Kohli S, Jalali RK. Evaluation of Stress and Associated Biochemical Changes in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus and Obesity. Diabetes Metab Syndr Obes 2021; 14:705-717. [PMID: 33623406 PMCID: PMC7896784 DOI: 10.2147/dmso.s294555] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2020] [Accepted: 01/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), a metabolic disorder, remains associated with a physiological impairment affecting large populations worldwide. Onset of T2DM is multifactorial where obesity and abnormal basal metabolic rate are considered most critical. Of people diagnosed with T2DM, about 80% are also obese. It is also reported that obese individuals have an increased odds of developing depression, whereas T2DM is estimated to increase the incidence by two-fold. The preponderance of research data demonstrates that T2DM alters the serum level of cortisol and adiponectin which are known to be associated with neuronal physiology. The study explored, how a metabolic disorder like T2DM is linked with the altered plasma level of cortisol and adiponectin, the risk factors for stress and depression. PATIENTS AND METHODS A cross-sectional population study was conducted in T2DM patients using a bimodal approach. First approach used questionnaires, (1) Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9) and (2) Stress Coping Inventory Questionnaire (SCQ) to assess signs and symptoms of depression and stress, respectively, in T2DM patients. In the second approach, robust biochemical analysis was conducted for serum adiponectin and cortisol levels. RESULTS An association of T2DM in stress and depression was evaluated in 158 subjects (105 T2DM obese patients and 53 healthy controls). A lower PHQ-9 score and adiponectin levels were seen in T2DM obese patients compared to healthy controls (p<0.05). Further, results also depicted a lower adiponectin levels in T2DM obese patients with depression compared to T2DM obese patients without depression (p<0.05). The study did not find a significant difference in cortisol serum levels among the T2DM and control groups. However, a higher level of serum cortisol was reported in T2DM obese patients with depression over those T2DM obese patients who lacked depression (p<0.05). CONCLUSION The findings suggest that T2DM obese patients might have a higher risk of developing stress and depression. Further, biochemical parameters, adiponectin and cortisol, might be the potential biomarkers for T2DM and may help in early diagnosis of these comorbid conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kanchan Tyagi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Medicine, School of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi, 110062, India
| | - Nidhi Bharal Agarwal
- Centre for Translational and Clinical Research, School of Chemical & Life Sciences, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi, 110062, India
- Correspondence: Nidhi Bharal Agarwal Centre for Translational and Clinical Research, School of Chemical & Life Sciences, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi, 110062, IndiaTel +91 9818334770 Email
| | - Prem Kapur
- Hamdard Institute of Medical Sciences and, Research, HAH Centenary Hospital, New Delhi, 110062, India
| | - Sunil Kohli
- Hamdard Institute of Medical Sciences and, Research, HAH Centenary Hospital, New Delhi, 110062, India
| | - Rajinder K Jalali
- Physician and Healthcare Consultant. Formerly, Sun Pharmaceuticals Industries Limited, Gurgaon, 122015, India
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Campos-Ramírez C, Ramírez-Amaya V, Olalde-Mendoza L, Palacios-Delgado J, Anaya-Loyola MA. Soft Drink Consumption in Young Mexican Adults Is Associated with Higher Total Body Fat Percentage in Men but Not in Women. Foods 2020; 9:E1760. [PMID: 33260727 PMCID: PMC7761352 DOI: 10.3390/foods9121760] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2020] [Revised: 11/23/2020] [Accepted: 11/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
A high consumption of soft drinks (SDs) has been linked with the development of anthropometric and metabolic alterations. We evaluate the association between SD consumption and some anthropometric and metabolic variables. This study is an observational study, using a sample of 394 university students, of which 158 were men (40.1%) and 238 women (59.9%), between 18 and 30 years. An SD intake questionnaire provided the consumption of different SDs. The participants' weight, height, and waist and hip circumferences were collected. Metabolic biomarkers were analyzed. The average intake of caloric SDs (CSDs) was 1193.6 ± 1534.8 mL/week and 84.5 ± 115.02 mL/week for non-caloric SDs (NCSDs). Sex differences were found in the amount of SD consumption and these statistical differences were driven by those men subjects with a high total body fat percentage (TBF%). In men, correlations were found between the intake of CSDs and the body mass index, waist and hip circumferences, TBF%, and visceral fat percentage. In woman, a correlation was found with glucose and triglycerides. The prediction model revealed that the intake of CSDs predicts TBF% and low-density lipoprotein only in men. A high amount of CSD consumption in men was associated with a high TBF%, and this may be predictive of future development of metabolic abnormalities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cesar Campos-Ramírez
- Program of Biological Science, Department of Natural Sciences, Autonomous University of Queretaro, Av. de las Ciencias S/N, Juriquilla, Queretaro 76230, Mexico; (C.C.-R.); (L.O.-M.)
| | - Víctor Ramírez-Amaya
- Instituto de Investigación Médica Mercedes y Martín Ferreyra INIMEC-CONICET-UNC, Friuli 2434, Colinas de Vélez Sarsfield, Córdoba 5016, Argentina;
| | - Liliana Olalde-Mendoza
- Program of Biological Science, Department of Natural Sciences, Autonomous University of Queretaro, Av. de las Ciencias S/N, Juriquilla, Queretaro 76230, Mexico; (C.C.-R.); (L.O.-M.)
| | - Jorge Palacios-Delgado
- University of Mexican Valley-Campus Juriquilla, Blvd. Juriquilla 1000 Querétaro, Querétaro 76230, Mexico;
| | - Miriam Aracely Anaya-Loyola
- Department of Natural Sciences, Autonomous University of Queretaro, Av. de las Ciencias S/N, Juriquilla, Queretaro 76230, Mexico
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In Silico Prediction of the Mode of Action of Viola odorata in Diabetes. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2020; 2020:2768403. [PMID: 33490239 PMCID: PMC7803256 DOI: 10.1155/2020/2768403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2020] [Revised: 06/27/2020] [Accepted: 10/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Background The metabolic syndrome increases the risk of different diseases such as type 2 diabetes. The prevalence of metabolic syndrome has rapidly grown and affected more than 230 million people worldwide. Viola odorata is a traditionally used plant for the treatment of diabetes; however, its mechanism to manage diabetes is still unknown. Purpose This study was designed to systematically assess the mechanism of action of Viola odorata in diabetes. Methods An extensive literature search was made to establish an ingredient-target database of Viola odorata. Of these, targets related to diabetes were identified and used to develop a protein-protein interaction network (PPIN) by utilizing the STITCH database. The obtained PPIN was assessed through Gene Ontology (GO) enrichment analysis based on ClueGO plugin. Results According to the acquired data, there were about 143 chemical constituents present in Viola odorata having 119 protein targets. Of these, 31 targets were established to give the pharmacological effect against diabetes. The UniProt database was used for screening of 31 targets, out of which Homo sapiens contained 22 targets. Ultimately, 207 GO terms, grouped into 41 clusters, were found by gene analysis, and most of them were found to be linked with diabetes. According to findings, several proteins including TP53, BCL2, CDKN1A, 1L6, CCND1, CDKN2A, and RB1 have a significant role in the treatment of diabetes by Viola odorata. Conclusion The possible activity of Viola odorata in the management of diabetes may be mediated by several molecular mechanisms, including the glutamine metabolic process, IRE1-mediated unfolded protein response, and pentose metabolic process.
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Parental history of coronary artery disease among adults with hypothyroidism: Case controlled study. Ann Med Surg (Lond) 2020; 60:92-101. [PMID: 33133591 PMCID: PMC7588661 DOI: 10.1016/j.amsu.2020.10.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2020] [Revised: 10/16/2020] [Accepted: 10/18/2020] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Thyroid dysfunction has a negative impact on coronary artery diseases (CAD) through several changes in its risk factors like dyslipidemia, glucose intolerance, and components of metabolic syndrome. Parental history of premature CAD may be an important risk factor for their offspring. Objective To investigate whether overt and subclinical hypothyroidism and the risk of atherosclerosis are present in adults with parental history of CAD. Materials and methods This case control study included 135 hypothyroid patients and 100 age-sex matched controls. Data were analyzed regarding CAD risk factors, hormonal and biochemical measures including retinol Binding Protein-4, fasting serum insulin, high-sensitivity C-reactive protein, lipid profile, fasting serum glucose, and serum malondialdehyde. Results Parental history of CAD was significantly higher in overt hypothyroidism than subclinical group (P = 0.001). The level of RBP-4 in hypothyroid patients was significantly higher than euthyroid subjects (P = 0.03), and was higher in hypothyroid patients with positive parental history of CAD (p = 0.01). There were positive relationships between RBP-4 and related cardiovascular risk factors and with hypothyroidism, its sensitivity and specificity were 47.9% and 42.5% respectively. The positive predictive value was 60.8% and the negative predictive value was 30.4%. Hypothyroid patients with parental history of CAD had a risk of 3.7 times more than the euthyroid subjects. Conclusions In hypothyroidism patients, parental history of CAD is a predictor of future coronary events and the related risk factors. RBP-4 is positively correlated with waist circumference, BMI, lipid profile, High-sensitivity CRP, MDA, fasting serum glucose, fasting serum insulin, HOMA indices and TSH.
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Pundir S, Gridneva Z, Pillai A, Thorstensen EB, Wall CR, Geddes DT, Cameron-Smith D. Human Milk Glucocorticoid Levels Are Associated With Infant Adiposity and Head Circumference Over the First Year of Life. Front Nutr 2020; 7:166. [PMID: 33015131 PMCID: PMC7516011 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2020.00166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2020] [Accepted: 08/11/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Human milk (HM) is a complex and dynamic biological fluid, which contains appreciable concentrations of the glucocorticoids, cortisol and cortisone. Experimental studies in non-human primates suggest the HM glucocorticoids' impact on infant growth and body composition. In this current study, analysis is made of the relationships between HM glucocorticoid concentrations and the infant growth and development over the first year of life. HM was collected by lactating healthy women (n = 18), using a standardized protocol, at 2, 5, 9, and 12 months after childbirth. Cortisol and cortisone concentrations in the HM were measured using liquid chromatography mass spectrometry. Infant weight, length and head circumference were measured by standard protocols and percentage fat mass (% FM) determined by whole body bioimpedance. Cortisol and cortisone concentrations were unaltered over the analyzed lactation period (2–12 months), and were altered by infant sex. Although, HM cortisol was positively associated with infant percentage fat mass (% FM) (p = 0.008) and cortisone positively associated with infant head circumference (p = 0.01). For the first 12 months of life, the concentration of HM glucocorticoids levels was positively associated with infant adiposity (%FM) and head circumference. This preliminary evidence provides insight to a possible relationship between ingested HM glucocorticoids and infant body composition. Further studies are required to determine the mechanisms regulating HM glucocorticoids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shikha Pundir
- Liggins Institute, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Zoya Gridneva
- School of Molecular Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Avinesh Pillai
- Department of Statistics, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Eric B Thorstensen
- School of Molecular Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Clare R Wall
- Faculty of Medical and Health Science, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Donna T Geddes
- School of Molecular Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - David Cameron-Smith
- Singapore Institute for Clinical Sciences, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (ASTAR), Singapore, Singapore
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Lin Y, Shi D, Su B, Wei J, Găman MA, Sedanur Macit M, Borges do Nascimento IJ, Guimaraes NS. The effect of green tea supplementation on obesity: A systematic review and dose-response meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Phytother Res 2020; 34:2459-2470. [PMID: 32372444 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.6697] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2019] [Revised: 03/03/2020] [Accepted: 03/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The effects of green tea (GT) in obese subjects have been evaluated in different studies, but no consensus has been obtained due to the heterogeneity of the results. The dosage, the type of extract, and the duration of the intervention are the main contributors to the heterogeneity of the results. Therefore, the present systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to evaluate the efficacy and dose-response relationship of GT. Several databases were searched from inception to September 2019 to identify clinical trials that examined the influence of GT supplements on obesity indices in humans. Combined results using the random-effects model indicated that body weight (WMD: -1.78 kg, 95% CI: -2.80, -0.75, p = .001) and body mass index (BMI) (WMD: -0.65 kg/m2 , 95% CI: -1.04, -0.25, p = .001) did change significantly following GT administration. The reduction in waist circumference (WC) after GT consumption was significant in subjects in trials employing GT ≥800 mg/day (WMD: -2.06 cm) and with a treatment duration <12 weeks (WMD: -2.39 cm). Following the dose-response evaluation, GT intake did alter body weight, with a more important reduction when the GT dosage was <500 mg/day and the treatment duration was of 12 weeks. The results of present meta-analysis study support the use of GT for the improvement of obesity indices. Thus, we suggest that the use of GT can be combined with a balanced and healthy diet and regular physical exercise in the management of obese patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Lin
- Department of Endocrinology, Jinan Municipal Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan City, Shandong Province, China
| | - Dianfeng Shi
- Department of Internal Medicine, Jinan Central Hospital, Jinan, Shandong Province, China
| | - Bo Su
- Department of General Internal Medicine, Xiyuan Hospital China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jing Wei
- Department of Endocrinology, Jinan Municipal Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan City, Shandong Province, China
| | - Mihnea-Alexandru Găman
- "CarolDavila" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Bucharest, Romania.,Center of Hematology and Bone Marrow Transplantation, Fundeni Clinical Institute, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Melahat Sedanur Macit
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Ondokuz Mayis University, Faculty of Health Sciences, Samsun, Turkey
| | | | - Nathalia Sernizon Guimaraes
- University Hospital and School of Medicine, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
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Wang M, Gong W, Hu R, Pan J, Lv J, Guo Y, Bian Z, Chen Z, Li L, Zhong J. Associations between stressful life events and diabetes: Findings from the China Kadoorie Biobank study of 500,000 adults. J Diabetes Investig 2019; 10:1215-1222. [PMID: 30784202 PMCID: PMC6717902 DOI: 10.1111/jdi.13028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2018] [Revised: 01/29/2019] [Accepted: 02/19/2019] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
AIMS/INTRODUCTION Evidence has shown that stressful life events are associated with the development of diabetes, yet studies in mainland China are scarce. In the present study, we explored the associations between cumulative and specific stressful life events and the prevalence of diabetes in Chinese adults. MATERIALS AND METHODS The cross-sectional data were from the China Kadoorie Biobank study, which enrolled approximately 500,000 adults aged 30-79 years from 10 diverse regions of China. Logistic regression models were used to calculate the adjusted odds ratio (OR) and the 95% confidence interval (CI). RESULTS Of the 473,607 participants, 25,301 (5.34%) had type 2 diabetes (2.68% clinically-identified and 2.66% screen-detected). Participants who experienced one and two or more stressful life events were 1.10-fold (OR 1.10, 95% CI 1.05-1.16) and 1.33-fold (OR 1.33, 95% CI 1.13-1.57) more likely to have type 2 diabetes. Three categories of work-related events (OR 1.15, 95% CI 1.01-1.31), as well as family-related events (OR 1.11, 95% CI 1.06-1.18) and personal-related events (OR 1.18, 95% CI 1.03-1.36), were associated with an increased likelihood of type 2 diabetes. Regarding the specific life events, the ORs of loss of job or retirement, as well as major conflict within family, death or major illness of other close family member and major injury or traffic accident, were 1.24 (95% CI 1.02-1.52), 1.24 (95% CI 1.08-1.43), 1.13 (95% CI 1.06-1.20) and 1.20 (95% CI 1.01-1.43), respectively. CONCLUSIONS The present study showed that cumulative and specific stressful life events were significantly associated with an increased prevalence of diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng Wang
- Department of NCDs Control and PreventionZhejiang Provincial Center for Disease Control and PreventionHangzhouChina
| | - Wei‐Wei Gong
- Department of NCDs Control and PreventionZhejiang Provincial Center for Disease Control and PreventionHangzhouChina
| | - Ru‐Ying Hu
- Department of NCDs Control and PreventionZhejiang Provincial Center for Disease Control and PreventionHangzhouChina
| | - Jin Pan
- Department of NCDs Control and PreventionZhejiang Provincial Center for Disease Control and PreventionHangzhouChina
| | - Jun Lv
- Department of EpidemiologySchool of Public HealthPeking University Health Science CenterBeijingChina
| | - Yu Guo
- Chinese Academy of Medical SciencesBeijingChina
| | - Zheng Bian
- Chinese Academy of Medical SciencesBeijingChina
| | - Zheng‐Ming Chen
- Clinical Trial Service Unit and Epidemiological Studies Unit (CTSU), NuffieldDepartment of Population HealthUniversity of OxfordOxfordUK
| | - Li‐Ming Li
- Department of EpidemiologySchool of Public HealthPeking University Health Science CenterBeijingChina
| | - Jie‐Ming Zhong
- Department of NCDs Control and PreventionZhejiang Provincial Center for Disease Control and PreventionHangzhouChina
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Minicozzi MR, von Hippel FA, Furin CG, Buck CL. Sodium perchlorate induces non-alcoholic fatty liver disease in developing stickleback. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2019; 251:390-399. [PMID: 31100570 PMCID: PMC6768070 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2019.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2018] [Revised: 04/30/2019] [Accepted: 05/01/2019] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Perchlorate is a pervasive, water-soluble contaminant that competitively inhibits the sodium/iodide symporter, reducing the available iodide for thyroid hormone synthesis. Insufficient iodide uptake can lead to hypothyroidism and metabolic syndromes. Because metabolism, obesity and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) are tightly linked, we hypothesized that perchlorate would act as an obesogen and cause NAFLD via accumulation of lipids in liver of developing threespine stickleback (Gasterosteus aculeatus). We performed an upshift/downshift exposure regime (clean water to perchlorate treated water or perchlorate treated water to clean water) on stickleback embryos at two concentrations (30 mg/L and 100 mg/L) plus the control (0 mg/L) over the course of 305 days. Adult stickleback were euthanized, H&E stained and analyzed for liver morphology. Specifically, we counted the number of lipid droplets, and measured the area of each droplet and the total lipid area of a representative section of liver. We found that perchlorate treated fish had more and larger lipid droplets, and a larger percentage of lipid in their liver than control fish. These data indicate that perchlorate causes NAFLD and hepatic steatosis in stickleback at concentrations commonly found at contaminated sites. These data also indicate the potential of perchlorate to act as an obesogen. Future studies should investigate the obesogenic capacity of perchlorate by examining organ specific lipid accumulation and whether perchlorate induces these effects at concentrations commonly found in drinking water. Work is also needed to determine the mechanisms by which perchlorate induces lipid accumulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael R Minicozzi
- Department of Biological Sciences, Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff, AZ, 86011, USA.
| | - Frank A von Hippel
- Department of Biological Sciences, Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff, AZ, 86011, USA
| | - Christoff G Furin
- Alaska Department of Environmental Conservation, Anchorage, AK, 99508, USA
| | - C Loren Buck
- Department of Biological Sciences, Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff, AZ, 86011, USA
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Rosin JM, Kurrasch DM. Emerging roles for hypothalamic microglia as regulators of physiological homeostasis. Front Neuroendocrinol 2019; 54:100748. [PMID: 31059719 DOI: 10.1016/j.yfrne.2019.100748] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2019] [Revised: 04/24/2019] [Accepted: 05/02/2019] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
The hypothalamus is a crucial brain region that responds to external stressors and functions to maintain physiological homeostatic processes, such as core body temperature and energy balance. The hypothalamus regulates homeostasis by producing hormones that thereby influence the production of other hormones that then control the internal milieu of the body. Microglia are resident macrophages and phagocytic immune cells of the central nervous system (CNS), classically known for surveying the brain's environment, responding to neural insults, and disposing of cellular debris. Recent evidence has shown that microglia are also responsive to external stressors and can influence both the development and function of the hypothalamus in a sex-dependent manner. This emerging microglia-hypothalamic interaction raises the intriguing notion that microglia might play an unappreciated role in hypothalamic control of physiological homeostasis. In this review, we briefly outline how the hypothalamus regulates physiological homeostasis and then describe how this literature overlaps with our understanding of microglia's role in the CNS. We also outline the current literature demonstrating how microglia loss or activation affects the hypothalamus, and ultimately homeostasis. We conclude by proposing how microglia could be key regulators of homeostatic processes by sensing cues external to the CNS and transmitting them through the hypothalamus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica M Rosin
- Department of Medical Genetics, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada; Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada; Hotchkiss Brain Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Deborah M Kurrasch
- Department of Medical Genetics, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada; Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada; Hotchkiss Brain Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada.
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29
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Zouini B, Sfendla A, Senhaji M, Råstam M, Kerekes N. Somatic health and its association with negative psychosocial factors in a sample of Moroccan adolescents. SAGE Open Med 2019; 7:2050312119852527. [PMID: 31205702 PMCID: PMC6535729 DOI: 10.1177/2050312119852527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2018] [Accepted: 04/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Adolescence is a distinct developmental phase characterized by multiple physical and psychological changes and by an increased vulnerability to somatic and mental health problems. These risk and vulnerability factors are part of a complex biopsychosocial matrix, encompassing multiple factors, such as inherited biological determinants and psychological, societal, and cultural influences, which affect an adolescent’s overall wellbeing. In Morocco, similar to other developing countries, adolescents (young people aged from 15 to 19 years) constitute a substantial proportion of the population (almost 9%). However, studies about adolescents’ health in developing countries are scarce. In this study, we describe adolescents’ somatic health in a sample of high school students from the city of Tetouan, Morocco, and investigate how negative psychosocial factors, such as parental alcohol use problems and/or the experience of abuse, may influence them. Methods: The study sample included 655 adolescents (315 boys and 340 girls, M = 16.64 years, range = 15–18 years) from conviniently selected classes of four high schools in the city of Tetouan in Morocco. The students responded to a survey that assessed the prevalence of somatic complaints/disorders. They also indicated whether they had ever experienced physical and/or psychological abuse and whether they had parents with alcohol use problems. Results: More than half of the adolescents suffered from headaches and one-third had substantial problems with diarrhea or constipation. Both problems were more common in female students. The third most frequent somatic problem, affecting one in four in both genders, was allergy. Almost one-third of Moroccan adolescents (significantly more boys than girls; p = 0.004) reported no somatic complaints. In adolescents who reported parental alcohol use problems and/or experience of physical and/or psychological abuse, the prevalence of several somatic complaints (epilepsy, migraine, headache, diarrhea/constipation, gluten intolerance, allergy, and skin or thyroid disease) increased highly significantly compared to the adolescents who reported no such psychosocial environmental factors. Conclusion: The results suggest that only 3 in 10 urban-living Moroccan adolescents are free of somatic complaints, while the majority suffer from some somatic problems, most often headaches and diarrhea/constipation. The association of certain negative psychosocial factors with adolescents’ somatic health suggests the need of a holistic approach to the treatment of affected adolescents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Btissame Zouini
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Abdelmalek Essaadi University, Tetouan, Morocco
| | - Anis Sfendla
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Abdelmalek Essaadi University, Tetouan, Morocco
| | - Meftaha Senhaji
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Abdelmalek Essaadi University, Tetouan, Morocco
| | - Maria Råstam
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Nóra Kerekes
- Department of Health Sciences, University West, Trollhättan, Sweden
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Shiju R, Thomas D, Al Arouj M, Sharma P, Tuomilehto J, Bennakhi A. Effect of Sudarshan Kriya Yoga on anxiety, depression, and quality of life in people with type 2 diabetes: A pilot study in Kuwait. Diabetes Metab Syndr 2019; 13:1995-1999. [PMID: 31235126 DOI: 10.1016/j.dsx.2019.04.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2019] [Accepted: 04/22/2019] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
AIM This pilot study in Kuwait was aimed to assess the effect of Sudarshan kriya yoga (SKY) on anxiety, depression and total quality of life in people with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). METHODS 26 T2DM patients aged greater than 30, male and female visiting the outpatient clinic of Dasman Diabetes Institute were enrolled for the study. Pre and post 5 day SKY intervention responses of participants on psychosocial problems were evaluated using four questionnaires (Hamilton anxiety, patient health questionnaire (PHQ-9), Hospital anxiety depression and WHO total quality of life (QOL). Biochemical parameters; such as lipid profile, glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) were measured at baseline and after 15 weeks of SKY practice. RESULTS The mean age of the participants was 56.7 (±11.4 SD) years, and mean duration of diabetes 15.0 (±9.3 SD) years. Comparison of responses before and after intervention indicated a significant improvement in the QOL, depression, anxiety and insomnia. But no significant improvement in glycemic control. CONCLUSION Results indicate that SKY can be potentially beneficial for treating anxiety, insomnia, and depression associated in people with T2DM and in improving the quality of life in people with T2DM.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Jaakko Tuomilehto
- National Institute of Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland; Department of Public Health, University of Helsinki, Finland
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Ahmadi SS, Filipsson K, Dimenäs H, Isaksson SS, Imberg H, Sjöberg S, Ahrén B, Dahlqvist S, Gustafsson T, Tuomilehto J, Hirsch IB, Lind M. Effect of liraglutide on anthropometric measurements, sagittal abdominal diameter and adiponectin levels in people with type 2 diabetes treated with multiple daily insulin injections: evaluations from a randomized trial (MDI-liraglutide study 5). Obes Sci Pract 2019; 5:130-140. [PMID: 31019730 PMCID: PMC6469338 DOI: 10.1002/osp4.324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2018] [Revised: 12/05/2018] [Accepted: 12/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
AIM Use of the glucagon-like peptide 1 receptor agonist liraglutide has been shown to reduce weight. Different types of anthropometric measurements can be used to measure adiposity. This study evaluated the effect of liraglutide on sagittal abdominal diameter, waist circumference, waist-to-hip ratio and adiponectin levels in people with type 2 diabetes (T2D) treated with multiple daily insulin injections (MDI). MATERIALS AND METHODS In the multicentre, double-blind, placebo-controlled MDI-liraglutide trial, 124 individuals with T2D treated with MDI were randomized to either liraglutide or placebo. Basal values of weight, waist circumference, waist-to-hip ratio, sagittal abdominal diameter and adiponectin were compared with measurements at 12 and 24 weeks after randomization. RESULTS Baseline-adjusted mean weight loss was 3.8 ± 2.9 kg greater in liraglutide than placebo-treated individuals (p < 0.0001). Waist circumference was reduced by 2.9 ± 4.3 cm and 0.2 ± 3.6 cm in the liraglutide and placebo groups, respectively, after 24 weeks (baseline-adjusted mean difference: 2.6 ± 4.0 cm, p = 0.0005). Corresponding reductions in sagittal abdominal diameter were 1.1 ± 1.7 cm and 0.0 ± 1.8 cm (baseline-adjusted mean difference: 1.1 ± 1.7 cm, p = 0.0008). Hip circumference was reduced in patients randomized to liraglutide (baseline-adjusted mean difference between treatment groups: 2.8 ± 3.8 cm, p = 0.0001), but there was no significant difference between the groups in either waist-to-hip ratio (baseline-adjusted mean difference: 0.0 ± 0.04 cm, p = 0.51) or adiponectin levels (baseline-adjusted mean difference: 0.8 ± 3.3 mg L-1, p = 0.17). Lower HbA1c and mean glucose levels measured by masked continuous glucose monitoring at baseline were associated with greater effects of liraglutide on reductions in waist circumference and sagittal abdominal diameter. CONCLUSIONS In patients with T2D, adding liraglutide to MDI may reduce abdominal and hip obesity to a similar extent, suggesting an effect on both visceral and subcutaneous fat. Liraglutide had greater effects on reducing abdominal obesity in patients with less pronounced long-term hyperglycaemia but did not affect adiponectin levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- S. S. Ahmadi
- Department of Molecular and Clinical MedicineUniversity of GothenburgGothenburgSweden
| | - K. Filipsson
- Department of Clinical Sciences LundLund UniversityLundSweden
| | - H. Dimenäs
- Department of MedicineSouth Älvsborg HospitalBoråsSweden
| | - S. S. Isaksson
- Department of Molecular and Clinical MedicineUniversity of GothenburgGothenburgSweden
- Department of MedicineNU Hospital GroupUddevallaSweden
| | - H. Imberg
- Department of Mathematical SciencesChalmers University of Technology and the University of GothenburgGothenburgSweden
- Statistiska konsultgruppenGothenburgSweden
| | - S. Sjöberg
- Department of Medicine, Karolinska InstituteKarolinska University Hospital HuddingeStockholmSweden
| | - B. Ahrén
- Department of Clinical Sciences LundLund UniversityLundSweden
- Lund UniversityLundSweden
| | - S. Dahlqvist
- Department of MedicineNU Hospital GroupUddevallaSweden
| | - T. Gustafsson
- Department of Clinical ChemistryKarolinska University HospitalStockholmSweden
| | - J. Tuomilehto
- Centre for Vascular PreventionDanube UniversityKremsAustria
- Department of Chronic Disease PreventionNational Institute for Health and WelfareHelsinkiFinland
- Diabetes Research GroupKing Abdulaziz UniversityJeddahSaudi Arabia
| | - I. B. Hirsch
- Division of metabolism, Endocrinology, and NutritionUniversity of WashingtonSeattleWashingtonUSA
| | - M. Lind
- Department of Molecular and Clinical MedicineUniversity of GothenburgGothenburgSweden
- Department of MedicineNU Hospital GroupUddevallaSweden
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The Global Financial Crisis and Overweight among Children of Single Parents: A Nationwide 10-Year Birth Cohort Study in Japan. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2019; 16:ijerph16061001. [PMID: 30897687 PMCID: PMC6466597 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph16061001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2019] [Revised: 03/07/2019] [Accepted: 03/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Evidence suggests that socioeconomically disadvantaged children may experience a greater increase in overweight risk during macroeconomic downturns. We examined whether inequalities in the risk of overweight between Japanese children from single- and two-parent households increased after the 2008 global financial crisis. We used data from ten waves (2001 to 2011) of a nationwide longitudinal survey following all Japanese children born within 2 weeks in 2001 (boys: n = 15,417, girls: n = 14,245). Child overweight was defined according to age- and sex-specific cut-offs for Body Mass Index (BMI). Interaction between a binary measure of crisis onset (September 2008) and single-parent status was assessed using generalized estimating equation models. Covariates included baseline household income and income loss during the crisis. Girls from single-parent households showed a greater increase in the odds of overweight after crisis onset (adjusted odds ratio (AOR), 1.23; 95% confidence interval (CI), 1.04–1.46) compared to girls from households with two parents, regardless of household financial status. A similar though statistically non-significant trend was observed among boys (AOR, 1.10; 95% CI, 0.92–1.30). Child overweight risk by single-parent status may increase during macroeconomic downturns, at least among girls. Financial aid to single-parent households may not suffice to redress this gap.
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Hammarstedt A, Gogg S, Hedjazifar S, Nerstedt A, Smith U. Impaired Adipogenesis and Dysfunctional Adipose Tissue in Human Hypertrophic Obesity. Physiol Rev 2019; 98:1911-1941. [PMID: 30067159 DOI: 10.1152/physrev.00034.2017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 252] [Impact Index Per Article: 50.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The subcutaneous adipose tissue (SAT) is the largest and best storage site for excess lipids. However, it has a limited ability to expand by recruiting and/or differentiating available precursor cells. When inadequate, this leads to a hypertrophic expansion of the cells with increased inflammation, insulin resistance, and a dysfunctional prolipolytic tissue. Epi-/genetic factors regulate SAT adipogenesis and genetic predisposition for type 2 diabetes is associated with markers of an impaired SAT adipogenesis and development of hypertrophic obesity also in nonobese individuals. We here review mechanisms for the adipose precursor cells to enter adipogenesis, emphasizing the role of bone morphogenetic protein-4 (BMP-4) and its endogenous antagonist gremlin-1, which is increased in hypertrophic SAT in humans. Gremlin-1 is a secreted and a likely important mechanism for the impaired SAT adipogenesis in hypertrophic obesity. Transiently increasing BMP-4 enhances adipogenic commitment of the precursor cells while maintained BMP-4 signaling during differentiation induces a beige/brown oxidative phenotype in both human and murine adipose cells. Adipose tissue growth and development also requires increased angiogenesis, and BMP-4, as a proangiogenic molecule, may also be an important feedback regulator of this. Hypertrophic obesity is also associated with increased lipolysis. Reduced lipid storage and increased release of FFA by hypertrophic SAT are important mechanisms for the accumulation of ectopic fat in the liver and other places promoting insulin resistance. Taken together, the limited expansion and storage capacity of SAT is a major driver of the obesity-associated metabolic complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ann Hammarstedt
- Department of Molecular and Clinical Medicine, The Lundberg Laboratory for Diabetes Research, the Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg , Gothenburg , Sweden
| | - Silvia Gogg
- Department of Molecular and Clinical Medicine, The Lundberg Laboratory for Diabetes Research, the Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg , Gothenburg , Sweden
| | - Shahram Hedjazifar
- Department of Molecular and Clinical Medicine, The Lundberg Laboratory for Diabetes Research, the Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg , Gothenburg , Sweden
| | - Annika Nerstedt
- Department of Molecular and Clinical Medicine, The Lundberg Laboratory for Diabetes Research, the Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg , Gothenburg , Sweden
| | - Ulf Smith
- Department of Molecular and Clinical Medicine, The Lundberg Laboratory for Diabetes Research, the Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg , Gothenburg , Sweden
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Mussa BM, Schauman M, Kumar V, Skaria S, Abusnana S. Personalized intervention to improve stress and sleep patterns for glycemic control and weight management in obese Emirati patients with type 2 diabetes: a randomized controlled clinical trial. Diabetes Metab Syndr Obes 2019; 12:991-999. [PMID: 31388307 PMCID: PMC6607201 DOI: 10.2147/dmso.s201142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2019] [Accepted: 04/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: There is growing evidence that stress and sleep deprivation are involved in development of type 2 diabetes (T2DM). The latter is one of the most challenging health problems in the UAE. Therefore, the present study aimed to investigate the effects of personalized intervention on glycemic and weight control in Emirati patients with T2DM. The intervention involved assessment and modification of stress levels and sleep patterns. Methods: This was a randomized controlled study conducted on 51 Emirati patients with T2DM (age 18-60 years, body-mass index (BMI) ≥25 kg/m2): those in the intervention group who completed the trial numbered 18 and those in the control group who completed the trial numbered 17. Heart-rate variability was used for real-life and long-term assessments of stress, sleep, and recovery. Body weight, BMI, HbA1c and lipid profile were included in the investigation. The National Clinical Trial identifier number is NCT03644134. Results: Percentage change in body weight was significantly greater (P<0.05) in the intervention group (-3.2±2.9) than the control group (-0.02). Percentage change in the BMI of the intervention group was -4.50±5.9, while the control group exhibited less change in BMI (-0.0003±3.3, P<0.05). In addition, a significant reduction in HbA1c was observed in the intervention group (-5.3±15.7) and an increase of 9.9±13.1 was observed in the control group (P<0.01). Conclusion: The findings of the present study show that personalized approaches that reduce stress levels, increase recovery levels, and promote healthy sleep habits play an important role in weight management and glycemic control in T2DM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bashair M Mussa
- Basic Medical Science Department, College of Medicine, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
- Correspondence: Bashair M MussaBasic Medical Science Department, College of Medicine, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, PO Box 27272, United Arab EmiratesTel +971 6 505 7220Fax +971 655 8579Email
| | - Mia Schauman
- Medical Research Department, Celolab, Dubai, United Arab Emirates
| | - Vijay Kumar
- Rashid Centre for Diabetes and Research, Ajman, United Arab Emirates
| | - Sijomol Skaria
- Rashid Centre for Diabetes and Research, Ajman, United Arab Emirates
| | - Salah Abusnana
- Clinical Science Department, College of Medicine, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
- Diabetes and Endocrinology Department, University Hospital Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
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Affiliation(s)
- Saverio Cinti
- Professor of Human Anatomy, Director, Center of Obesity, University of Ancona (Politecnica delle Marche), Ancona, Italy
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Bi Y, Jiang M, Guo W, Guan X, Xu M, Ren S, Yang D, Gaikwad NW, Selcer KW, Xie W. Sex-Dimorphic and Sex Hormone-Dependent Role of Steroid Sulfatase in Adipose Inflammation and Energy Homeostasis. Endocrinology 2018; 159:3365-3377. [PMID: 30060148 PMCID: PMC6112598 DOI: 10.1210/en.2018-00531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2018] [Accepted: 07/19/2018] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Steroid sulfatase (STS), a desulfating enzyme that converts steroid sulfates to hormonally active steroids, plays an important role in the homeostasis of sex hormones. STS is expressed in the adipose tissue of both male and female mice, but the role of STS in the development and function of adipose tissue remains largely unknown. In this report, we show that the adipose expression of Sts was induced in the high-fat diet (HFD) and ob/ob models of obesity and type 2 diabetes. Transgenic overexpression of the human STS in the adipose tissue of male mice exacerbated the HFD-induced metabolic phenotypes, including increased body weight gain and fat mass, and worsened insulin sensitivity, glucose tolerance, and energy expenditure, which were accounted for by adipocyte hypertrophy, increased adipose inflammation, and dysregulation of adipogenesis. The metabolic harm of the STS transgene appeared to have resulted from increased androgen activity in the adipose tissue, and castration abolished most of the phenotypes. Interestingly, the transgenic effects were sex specific, because the HFD-fed female STS transgenic mice exhibited improved metabolic functions, which were associated with attenuated adipose inflammation. The metabolic benefit of the STS transgene in female mice was accounted for by increased estrogenic activity in the adipose tissue, whereas such benefit was abolished upon ovariectomy. Our results revealed an essential role of the adipose STS in energy homeostasis in sex- and sex hormone-dependent manner. The adipose STS may represent a therapeutic target for the management of obesity and type 2 diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuhan Bi
- Center for Pharmacogenetics, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Mengxi Jiang
- Center for Pharmacogenetics, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Weiwei Guo
- Center for Pharmacogenetics, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Xiudong Guan
- Department of Neurosurgery, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Meishu Xu
- Center for Pharmacogenetics, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Songrong Ren
- Center for Pharmacogenetics, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Da Yang
- Center for Pharmacogenetics, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | | | - Kyle W Selcer
- Department of Biological Sciences, Duquesne University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Wen Xie
- Center for Pharmacogenetics, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
- Correspondence: Wen Xie, MD, PhD, Center for Pharmacogenetics, 306 Salk Pavilion, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15261. E-mail:
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Gavin KM, Shea KL, Gibbons E, Wolfe P, Schwartz RS, Wierman ME, Kohrt WM. Gonadotropin-releasing hormone agonist in premenopausal women does not alter hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis response to corticotropin-releasing hormone. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 2018; 315:E316-E325. [PMID: 29631362 PMCID: PMC6139491 DOI: 10.1152/ajpendo.00221.2017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Sex hormones appear to play a role in the regulation of hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis activity. The objective was to isolate the effects of estradiol (E2) on central activation of the HPA axis. We hypothesized that the HPA axis response to corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH) under dexamethasone (Dex) suppression would be exaggerated in response to chronic ovarian hormone suppression and that physiologic E2 add-back would mitigate this response. Thirty premenopausal women underwent 20 wk of gonadotropin-releasing hormone agonist therapy (GnRHAG) and transdermal E2 (0.075 mg per day, GnRHAG + E2, n = 15) or placebo (PL) patch (GnRHAG + PL, n = 15). Women in the GnRHAG + PL and GnRHAG + E2 groups were of similar age (38 (SD 5) yr vs. 36 (SD 7) yr) and body mass index (27 (SD 6) kg/m2 vs. 27 (SD 6) kg/m2). Serum E2 changed differently between the groups ( P = 0.01); it decreased in response to GnRHAG + PL (77.9 ± 17.4 to 23.2 ± 2.6 pg/ml; P = 0.008) and did not change in response to GnRHAG + E2 (70.6 ± 12.4 to 105 ± 30.4 pg/ml; P = 0.36). The incremental area under the curve (AUCINC) responses to CRH were different between the groups for total cortisol ( P = 0.03) and cortisone ( P = 0.04) but not serum adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) ( P = 0.28). When examining within-group changes, GnRHAG + PL did not alter the HPA axis response to Dex/CRH, but GnRHAG + E2 decreased the AUCINC for ACTH (AUCINC, 1,623 ± 257 to 1,211 ± 236 pg/ml·min, P = 0.004), cortisone (1,795 ± 367 to 1,090 ± 281 ng/ml·min, P = 0.009), and total cortisol (7,008 ± 1,387 to 3,893 ± 1,090 ng/ml·min, P = 0.02). Suppression of ovarian hormones by GnRHAG therapy for 20 wk did not exaggerate the HPA axis response to CRH, but physiologic E2 add-back reduced HPA axis activity compared with preintervention levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathleen M Gavin
- Division of Geriatric Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus , Aurora, Colorado
- Geriatric Research, Education and Clinical Center, Veterans Affairs Eastern Colorado Heath Care System, Denver, Colorado
| | - Karen L Shea
- Division of Geriatric Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus , Aurora, Colorado
- Geriatric Research, Education and Clinical Center, Veterans Affairs Eastern Colorado Heath Care System, Denver, Colorado
| | - Ellie Gibbons
- Division of Geriatric Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus , Aurora, Colorado
| | - Pamela Wolfe
- Department of Preventative Medicine and Biostatistics, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus , Aurora, Colorado
| | - Robert S Schwartz
- Division of Geriatric Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus , Aurora, Colorado
- Geriatric Research, Education and Clinical Center, Veterans Affairs Eastern Colorado Heath Care System, Denver, Colorado
| | - Margaret E Wierman
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Diabetes, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus , Aurora, Colorado
| | - Wendy M Kohrt
- Division of Geriatric Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus , Aurora, Colorado
- Geriatric Research, Education and Clinical Center, Veterans Affairs Eastern Colorado Heath Care System, Denver, Colorado
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Glucometabolic effects of single and repeated exposure to forced-swimming stressor in Sprague-Dawley rats. Endocr Regul 2018; 52:85-92. [DOI: 10.2478/enr-2018-0010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Objectives. We aimed to evaluate the effects of a single (acute) and repeated (chronic) exposure to forced-swimming stressor on glucose tolerance, insulin sensitivity, lipid profile and glycogen content in male rats.
Methods. Thirty adult male Sprague-Dawley rats (12 weeks old) were divided randomly into five groups: control group, single exposure (SE) to forced-swim stressor, repeated exposure to forced-swim stressor for 7 days (RE7), 14 days (RE14) and 28 days (RE28). Glucose tolerance test and Homeostatic Model Assessment-Insulin Resistance (HOMA-IR) were undertaken on fasting rats to obtain glucose and insulin profiles. ELISA was performed to assess plasma insulin and corticosterone levels. Total cholesterol, triglyceride, high- and low-density lipoproteins, hepatic and skeletal glycogen content were also determined.
Results. Repeated exposure to stressor induced glucose intolerance and insulin resistance in the experimental rats. Results showed that all RE groups exhibited a significantly higher area under the curve compared with others (p=0.0001); similarly, HOMA-IR increased (p=0.0001) in all RE groups compared with control. Prolonged exposure to stressor significantly increased the plasma insulin and corticosterone levels but decreased the glycogen content in the liver and skeletal muscle when compared with the control group. Additionally, chronic stressor significantly increased the total cholesterol and triglyceride levels, however, acute stressor produced significantly elevated high-density lipoproteins level.
Conclusions. In conclusion, repeated exposure to forced-swimming stressor induced glucose intolerance and insulin resistance in rats by disrupting the insulin sensitivity as well as heightening the glycogenolysis in the liver and skeletal muscle. Acute stressor was unable to cause glucose intolerance and insulin resistance but it appears that may have a positive effect on the lipid metabolism.
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Preuss HG, Kaats GR, Mrvichin N, Bagchi D, Swaroop A. Longitudinal Examination of Links Between Risk Factors for the Metabolic Syndrome and Both Age and Fasting Glucose Levels in Nondiabetic Subjects. J Am Coll Nutr 2018. [PMID: 29533157 DOI: 10.1080/07315724.2017.1413962] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Previous evaluations in nondiabetic subjects revealed statistically significant correlations between fasting blood glucose (FBG) levels used as an estimate of insulin resistance and many components constituting the metabolic syndrome. Similar significant correlations were not found employing chronological age as the independent variable in the same nondiabetic individuals. OBJECTIVE The major purpose here was to replicate as well as corroborate the previous cross-sectional observations, emphasizing results obtained from data collected longitudinally. METHODS Material was assessed from 99 nondiabetic volunteers who had undergone 2 separate baseline measurements carried out over a minimum of 5 and up to a maximum of 20 years. RESULTS Findings from the starting baseline measurements mimicked many observations perceived in the earlier published cross-sectional material. The following correlations with elements constituting the metabolic syndrome using FBG as an independent variable were once more statistically significantly positive: scale weight, fat mass, circulating levels of triglycerides and high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hsCRP). High-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol was once again appropriately significant in a negative direction. In contrast, the same correlations were generally nonsignificant when age replaced FBG as the independent variable. Examining the 2 data sets over the 5-20-year intervals, FBG increased statistically significantly over time. However, the average increase clinically was relatively minor: -92.1 mg/dL ± 1.1 (SEM) vs 95.1 mg/dL ± 1.1 (SEM), p < 0.007. When the actual changes (delta) in the dependent parameters were correlated with the individual passages of time (intervals in years), only downward changes in aspartate aminotransferase (AST) levels were statistically significant. Fat-free mass showed a trend downward, whereas fat mass, trunk fat, and triglycerides merely demonstrated trends upward. CONCLUSION Current findings gathered over years are consistent with the original hypothesis that maintaining relatively low, stable circulating glucose levels during aging retards the development and intensity of many common manifestations of the metabolic syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harry G Preuss
- a Department of Biochemistry , Georgetown University Medical Center , Washington, DC , USA
| | - Gilbert R Kaats
- b Integrative Health Technologies , San Antonio , Texas , USA
| | - Nate Mrvichin
- b Integrative Health Technologies , San Antonio , Texas , USA
| | - Debasis Bagchi
- c Department of Pharmacological and Pharmaceutical Services , University of Houston , Houston , Texas , USA
| | - Anand Swaroop
- d Cepham Research Center , Piscataway , New Jersey , USA
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Association of muscle mass and fat mass with insulin resistance and the prevalence of metabolic syndrome in Korean adults: a cross-sectional study. Sci Rep 2018; 8:2703. [PMID: 29426839 PMCID: PMC5807388 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-21168-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2017] [Accepted: 01/25/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Relationship of muscle mass and fat mass with insulin resistance and metabolic syndrome remains uncertain, especially among Asian population. We performed a cross-sectional study with 14,807 adult participants aged between 18 and 65 in the fourth and fifth Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey with Dual Energy X-ray Absorptiometry (DEXA) data to investigate whether muscle mass and fat mass are associated with insulin resistance and metabolic syndrome. DEXA records were used to categorize the participants into four categories (low muscle/low fat, low muscle/high fat, high muscle/ low fat, and high muscle/high fat). Least square means and incidence rate ratios (IRR) were used to assess the associations of muscle mass and fat mass with insulin resistance and metabolic syndrome. After adjustment for potential confounders, high muscle/low fat was associated with significantly lower insulin resistance (P < 0.001) compared to low muscle/low fat. Low muscle/high fat (IRR: 1.90; 95% confidence interval [CI]:1.44-2.50, P < 0.001) and high muscle/high fat (IRR: 2.30; 95% CI:1.76-3.00, P < 0.001) were significantly associated with the prevalence of metabolic syndrome. Our study suggests that protective association of muscle mass with metabolic syndrome is attenuated by high fat mass in Korean adults.
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Gavin KM, Sullivan TM, Kohrt WM, Majka SM, Klemm DJ. Ovarian Hormones Regulate the Production of Adipocytes From Bone Marrow-Derived Cells. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2018; 9:276. [PMID: 29892267 PMCID: PMC5985395 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2018.00276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2018] [Accepted: 05/11/2018] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Sex differences in body fat distribution and menopause-associated shifts in regional adiposity suggest that sex hormones play an important role in regulating the differentiation and distribution of adipocytes, but the underlying mechanisms have not been fully explained. The aim of this study was to determine whether ovarian hormone status influences the production and distribution of adipocytes in adipose tissue arising from bone marrow-derived cells. Nine- to ten-week-old ovariectomized (OVX), surgery naïve (WT), and estrogen receptor alpha knockout (αERKO) mice underwent bone marrow transplantation from luciferase or green fluorescent protein expressing donors. A subset of OVX animals had estradiol (E2) added back. Eight-weeks posttransplant, whole body and gonadal fat BM-derived adipocyte production was highest in OVX and αERKO mice, which was attenuated in OVX mice by E2 add-back. All groups demonstrated the highest bone marrow derived adipocyte (BMDA) production in the gonadal adipose depot, a visceral fat depot in mice. Taken together, the loss of ovarian hormones increases the production of BMDAs. If translatable across species, production of BMDA may be a mechanism by which visceral adiposity increases in estrogen-deficient postmenopausal women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathleen M. Gavin
- Division of Geriatric Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, United States
- Charles C. Gates Center for Regenerative Medicine and Stem Cell Biology, School of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, United States
- Geriatric Research, Education and Clinical Center, VA Eastern Colorado Heath Care System, Denver, CO, United States
- *Correspondence: Kathleen M. Gavin,
| | - Timothy M. Sullivan
- Geriatric Research, Education and Clinical Center, VA Eastern Colorado Heath Care System, Denver, CO, United States
- Division of Pulmonary Sciences and Critical Care Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, United States
- Cardiovascular Pulmonary Research Laboratory, School of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, United States
| | - Wendy M. Kohrt
- Division of Geriatric Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, United States
- Geriatric Research, Education and Clinical Center, VA Eastern Colorado Heath Care System, Denver, CO, United States
| | - Susan M. Majka
- Division of Allergy, Pulmonary, and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, United States
| | - Dwight J. Klemm
- Charles C. Gates Center for Regenerative Medicine and Stem Cell Biology, School of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, United States
- Geriatric Research, Education and Clinical Center, VA Eastern Colorado Heath Care System, Denver, CO, United States
- Division of Pulmonary Sciences and Critical Care Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, United States
- Cardiovascular Pulmonary Research Laboratory, School of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, United States
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Connolly A, Leblanc S, Baillargeon JP. Role of Lipotoxicity and Contribution of the Renin-Angiotensin System in the Development of Polycystic Ovary Syndrome. Int J Endocrinol 2018; 2018:4315413. [PMID: 29971102 PMCID: PMC6008888 DOI: 10.1155/2018/4315413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2018] [Accepted: 05/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a common and significant condition associated with hyperandrogenism, infertility, low quality of life, and metabolic comorbidities. One possible explanation of PCOS development is cellular dysfunction induced by nonesterified fatty acids (NEFAs), that is, lipotoxicity, which could explain both the hyperandrogenemia and insulin resistance that characterize women with PCOS. The literature suggests that androgen biosynthesis may be induced by overexposure of androgen-secreting tissues to NEFA and/or defective NEFA metabolism, leading to lipotoxic effects. Indeed, lipotoxicity could trigger androgenic hyperresponsiveness to insulin, LH, and ACTH. In most PCOS women, lipotoxicity also causes insulin resistance, inducing compensatory hyperinsulinemia, and may thus further increase hyperandrogenemia. Many approaches aimed at insulin sensitization also reduce lipotoxicity and have been shown to treat PCOS hyperandrogenemia. Furthermore, our group and others found that angiotensin II type 2 receptor (AT2R) activation is able to improve lipotoxicity. We provided evidence, using C21/M24, that AT2R activation improves adipocytes' size and insulin sensitivity in an insulin-resistant rat model, as well as androgen levels in a PCOS obese rat model. Taken together, these findings point toward the important role of lipotoxicity in PCOS development and of the RAS system as a new target for the treatment of PCOS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandre Connolly
- Department of Pharmacology-Physiology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, 3001 12e Avenue Nord, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada J1H 5N4
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, 3001 12e Avenue Nord, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada J1H 5N4
| | - Samuel Leblanc
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, 3001 12e Avenue Nord, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada J1H 5N4
| | - Jean-Patrice Baillargeon
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, 3001 12e Avenue Nord, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada J1H 5N4
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Pyko A, Eriksson C, Lind T, Mitkovskaya N, Wallas A, Ögren M, Östenson CG, Pershagen G. Long-Term Exposure to Transportation Noise in Relation to Development of Obesity—a Cohort Study. ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH PERSPECTIVES 2017; 125:117005. [PMID: 29161230 PMCID: PMC5947937 DOI: 10.1289/ehp1910] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2017] [Revised: 10/05/2017] [Accepted: 10/09/2017] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Exposure to transportation noise is widespread and has been associated with obesity in some studies. However, the evidence from longitudinal studies is limited and little is known about effects of combined exposure to different noise sources. OBJECTIVES The aim of this longitudinal study was to estimate the association between exposure to noise from road traffic, railways, or aircraft and the development of obesity markers. METHODS We assessed individual long-term exposure to road traffic, railway, and aircraft noise based on residential histories in a cohort of 5,184 men and women from Stockholm County. Noise levels were estimated at the most exposed façade of each dwelling. Waist circumference, weight, and height were measured at recruitment and after an average of 8.9 y of follow-up. Extensive information on potential confounders was available from repeated questionnaires and registers. RESULTS Waist circumference increased 0.04 cm/y (95% CI: 0.02, 0.06) and 0.16 cm/y (95% CI: 0.14, 0.17) per 10 dB Lden in relation to road traffic and aircraft noise, respectively. No corresponding association was seen for railway noise. Weight gain was only related to aircraft noise exposure. A similar pattern occurred for incidence rate ratios (IRRs) of central obesity and overweight. The IRR of central obesity increased from 1.22 (95% CI: 1.08, 1.39) in those exposed to only one source of transportation noise to 2.26 (95% CI: 1.55, 3.29) among those exposed to all three sources. CONCLUSION Our results link transportation noise exposure to development of obesity and suggest that combined exposure from different sources may be particularly harmful. https://doi.org/10.1289/EHP1910.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrei Pyko
- Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Charlotta Eriksson
- Centre for Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Stockholm County Council, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Tomas Lind
- Centre for Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Stockholm County Council, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Natalya Mitkovskaya
- Department of Cardiology and Internal Medicine, Belorussian State Medical University, Minsk, Belarus
| | - Alva Wallas
- Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Mikael Ögren
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Claes-Göran Östenson
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Göran Pershagen
- Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Centre for Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Stockholm County Council, Stockholm, Sweden
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44
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Toro-Ramos T, Lee DH, Kim Y, Michaelides A, Oh TJ, Kim KM, Jang HC, Lim S. Effectiveness of a Smartphone Application for the Management of Metabolic Syndrome Components Focusing on Weight Loss: A Preliminary Study. Metab Syndr Relat Disord 2017; 15:465-473. [DOI: 10.1089/met.2017.0062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
| | - Dong-Hwa Lee
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, South Korea
| | | | | | - Tae Jung Oh
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, South Korea
| | - Kyoung Min Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, South Korea
| | - Hak Chul Jang
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, South Korea
| | - Soo Lim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, South Korea
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45
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Preuss HG, Mrvichin N, Clouatre D, Bagchi D, Preuss JM, Perricone NV, Swaroop A, Kaats GR. General Lack of Correlations between Age and Signs of the Metabolic Syndrome in Subjects with Non-diabetic Fasting Glucose Values. J Am Coll Nutr 2017; 36:556-564. [DOI: 10.1080/07315724.2017.1322545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Harry G. Preuss
- Department of Biochemistry, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, D.C., USA
| | - Nate Mrvichin
- Integrative Health Technologies, San Antonio, Texas, USA
| | | | - Debasis Bagchi
- Department of Pharmacological and Pharmaceutical Services, University of Houston, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Jeffrey M. Preuss
- Emergency Department, Veterans Administration Medical Center, Salem, Virginia, USA
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46
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Whitaker KM, Everson-Rose SA, Pankow JS, Rodriguez CJ, Lewis TT, Kershaw KN, Diez Roux AV, Lutsey PL. Experiences of Discrimination and Incident Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: The Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis (MESA). Am J Epidemiol 2017; 186:445-455. [PMID: 28407040 DOI: 10.1093/aje/kwx047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2016] [Accepted: 10/07/2017] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Experiences of discrimination are associated with increased risk of adverse health outcomes; however, it is unknown whether discrimination is related to incident type 2 diabetes mellitus (diabetes). We investigated the associations of major experiences of discrimination (unfair treatment in 6 situations) and everyday discrimination (frequency of day-to-day experiences of unfair treatment) with incident diabetes among 5,310 participants from the Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis, enrolled in 2000-2002. Using Cox proportional hazards models, we estimated hazard ratios and confidence intervals, adjusting for demographic factors, depressive symptoms, stress, smoking, alcohol, physical activity, diet, waist circumference, and body mass index. Over a median follow-up of 9.4 years, 654 diabetes cases were accrued. Major experiences of discrimination were associated with greater risk of incident diabetes when modeled continuously (for each additional experience of discrimination, hazard ratio = 1.09, 95% confidence interval: 1.01, 1.17) or categorically (for ≥2 experiences vs. 0, hazard ratio = 1.34, 95% confidence interval: 1.08, 1.66). Similar patterns were observed when evaluating discrimination attributed to race/ethnicity or to a combination of other sources. Everyday discrimination was not associated with incident diabetes. In conclusion, major experiences of discrimination were associated with increased risk of incident diabetes, independent of obesity or behavioral and psychosocial factors. Future research is needed to explore the mechanisms of the discrimination-diabetes relationship.
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47
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Ramkisson S, Pillay BJ, Sibanda W. Social support and coping in adults with type 2 diabetes. Afr J Prim Health Care Fam Med 2017; 9:e1-e8. [PMID: 28828879 PMCID: PMC5566130 DOI: 10.4102/phcfm.v9i1.1405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2016] [Revised: 04/23/2017] [Accepted: 04/09/2017] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The diagnosis of diabetes has been described as a lifelong psychological burden on the patient and his or her family. Social support plays a pivotal role in patients with diabetes and is important in enabling them to cope effectively with the disease. There is a dearth of research on social support and coping in patients with diabetes in South Africa. Objectives The aim of this study was to explore whether patients with poor perceived social support have lower levels of well-being and coping than patients with good social support. Method A cross-sectional study was conducted at both public and private facilities on the north coast of KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa. The Diabetes Care Profile (DCP), the General Health Questionnaire (GHQ), the Social Support Questionnaire (SSQ) and the WHO-5 Well-being Index (WHO-5) were administered to 401 participants. Results The findings indicate that there is an inverse relationship between social support and coping, which suggests that an increase in social support is associated with a decrease in emotional distress. There was a small positive correlation between the SSQ and the WHO-5, which suggests participants who had good support endorsed better levels of well-being. Although participants indicated that they were satisfied with their level of support, they had poor coping as indicated by the high mean score on the GHQ and the high HbA1c level. There was a small positive correlation between GHQ and HbA1c. There was no association between social support and HbA1c. Conclusion Social support is important in helping the patient with diabetes cope with the disease and to improve adherence to treatment. Health care providers should take cognisance of psychosocial factors in the treatment regime of the patient. Family members should be educated about diabetes, the importance of adherence and long-term complications of the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samantha Ramkisson
- Department of Behavioural Medicine, School of Nursing and Public Health, College of Health Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal.
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48
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Gabriel BM, Zierath JR. The Limits of Exercise Physiology: From Performance to Health. Cell Metab 2017; 25:1000-1011. [PMID: 28467920 DOI: 10.1016/j.cmet.2017.04.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 98] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2017] [Revised: 04/14/2017] [Accepted: 04/17/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Many of the established positive health benefits of exercise have been documented by historical discoveries in the field of exercise physiology. These investigations often assess limits: the limits of performance, or the limits of exercise-induced health benefits. Indeed, several key findings have been informed by studying highly trained athletes, in addition to healthy or unhealthy people. Recent progress has been made in regard to skeletal muscle metabolism and personalized exercise regimes. In this perspective, we review some of the historical milestones of exercise physiology, discuss how these inform contemporary knowledge, and speculate on future questions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brendan M Gabriel
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Karolinska Institutet, 171 77 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Juleen R Zierath
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Karolinska Institutet, 171 77 Stockholm, Sweden; Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Section of Integrative Physiology, Karolinska Institutet, 171 76 Stockholm, Sweden; Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, 2200 Copenhagen, Denmark.
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49
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Laskowski M, Andersson C, Eliasson E, Golubinskaya V, Nilsson H. Potassium-Channel-Independent Relaxing Influence of Adipose Tissue on Mouse Carotid Artery. J Vasc Res 2017; 54:51-57. [PMID: 28334715 DOI: 10.1159/000458421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2016] [Accepted: 01/27/2017] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Since the cardiovascular consequences of obesity reportedly vary in different types of obesity, we investigated the influence of adipose tissue from different locales on the phenylephrine-induced tone of the mouse carotid artery. Vessels were mounted in a Mulvany-Halpern-type wire myograph, and adipose tissue, from the back (brown) or mesenteric or inguinal subcutaneous (white), was placed around the artery. Contractile responses to phenylephrine were not affected by brown adipose tissue but were reduced (p < 0.001) by either type of white adipose tissue, with no difference between the 2 locales. The relaxing effect persisted in the presence of the Kv7 channel inhibitor XE991 (10,10-bis(4-pyridinylmethyl)-9(10H)-anthracenone), the KATP channel inhibitor glibenclamide (1 µM), or the KV channel inhibitor 4-amino pyridine (1 mM), as well as after elevation of the extracellular potassium concentration to 30 mM. Contractions of rat carotid artery were equally reduced by mouse and rat subcutaneous adipose tissue. Thus, white, but not brown, adipose tissue reduces the adrenergic contractions of the carotid artery with no differences between the locales of origin, and the effect appears largely independent of potassium channels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Laskowski
- Department of Physiology, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
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50
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Basu A, Dube S, Basu R. Men Are from Mars, Women Are from Venus: Sex Differences in Insulin Action and Secretion. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2017; 1043:53-64. [PMID: 29224090 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-70178-3_4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Sex difference plays a substantial role in the regulation of glucose metabolism in healthy glucose-tolerant humans. The factors which may contribute to the sex-related differences in glucose metabolism include differences in lifestyle (diet and exercise), sex hormones, and body composition. Several epidemiological and observational studies have noted that impaired glucose tolerance is more common in women than men. Some of these studies have attributed this to differences in body composition, while others have attributed impaired insulin sensitivity as a cause of impaired glucose tolerance in women. We studied postprandial glucose metabolism in 120 men and 90 women after ingestion of a mixed meal. Rates of meal glucose appearance, endogenous glucose production, and glucose disappearance were calculated using a novel triple-tracer isotope dilution method. Insulin action and secretion were calculated using validated physiological models. While rate of meal glucose appearance was higher in women than men, rates of glucose disappearance were higher in elderly women than elderly men while young women had lower rates of glucose disappearance than young men. Hence, sex has an impact on postprandial glucose metabolism, and sex differences in carbohydrate metabolism may have important implications for approaches to prevent and manage diabetes in an individual.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ananda Basu
- Division of Endocrinology, Center of Diabetes Technology, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA, USA.
| | - Simmi Dube
- Department of Medicine, Gandhi Medical College Bhopal, Bhopal, MP, India
| | - Rita Basu
- Division of Endocrinology, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA, USA
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