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Bhattacharya I, Sharma SS, Majumdar SS. Etiology of Male Infertility: an Update. Reprod Sci 2024; 31:942-965. [PMID: 38036863 DOI: 10.1007/s43032-023-01401-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2023] [Accepted: 10/30/2023] [Indexed: 12/02/2023]
Abstract
Spermatogenesis is a complex process of germ cell division and differentiation that involves extensive cross-talk between the developing germ cells and the somatic testicular cells. Defective endocrine signaling and/or intrinsic defects within the testes can adversely affect spermatogenic progression, leading to subfertility/infertility. In recent years, male infertility has been recognized as a global public health concern, and research over the last few decades has elucidated the complex etiology of male infertility. Congenital reproductive abnormalities, genetic mutations, and endocrine/metabolic dysfunction have been demonstrated to be involved in infertility/subfertility in males. Furthermore, acquired factors like exposure to environmental toxicants and lifestyle-related disorders such as illicit use of psychoactive drugs have been shown to adversely affect spermatogenesis. Despite the large body of available scientific literature on the etiology of male infertility, a substantial proportion of infertility cases are idiopathic in nature, with no known cause. The inability to treat such idiopathic cases stems from poor knowledge about the complex regulation of spermatogenesis. Emerging scientific evidence indicates that defective functioning of testicular Sertoli cells (Sc) may be an underlying cause of infertility/subfertility in males. Sc plays an indispensable role in regulating spermatogenesis, and impaired functional maturation of Sc has been shown to affect fertility in animal models as well as humans, suggesting abnormal Sc as a potential underlying cause of reproductive insufficiency/failure in such cases of unexplained infertility. This review summarizes the major causes of infertility/subfertility in males, with an emphasis on infertility due to dysregulated Sc function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Indrashis Bhattacharya
- Department of Zoology, Central University of Kerala, Periye Campus, Kasaragod, 671320, Kerala, India.
| | - Souvik Sen Sharma
- National Institute of Animal Biotechnology, Hyderabad, 500 032, Telangana, India
| | - Subeer S Majumdar
- National Institute of Animal Biotechnology, Hyderabad, 500 032, Telangana, India.
- Gujarat Biotechnology University, Gandhinagar, GIFT City, Gandhinagar, 382355, Gujarat, India.
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Rezvani R, Shadmand Foumani Moghadam MR, Cianflone K. Acylation stimulating protein/C3adesArg in the metabolic states: role of adipocyte dysfunction in obesity complications. J Physiol 2024; 602:773-790. [PMID: 38305477 DOI: 10.1113/jp285127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2023] [Accepted: 11/27/2023] [Indexed: 02/03/2024] Open
Abstract
Adipose tissue, as an endocrine organ, secretes several adipocyte-derived hormones named 'adipokines' that are implicated in regulating energy haemostasis. Substantial evidence shows that white adipose tissue-derived adipokines mediate the link between obesity-related exogenous factors (like diet and lifestyle) and various biological events (such as pre- and postmenopausal status) that have obesity consequences (cardiometabolic disorders). One of the critical aetiological factors for obesity-related diseases is the dysfunction of adipokine pathways. Acylation-stimulating protein (ASP) is an adipokine that stimulates triglyceride synthesis and storage in adipose tissue by enhancing glucose and fatty acid uptake. ASP acts via its receptor C5L2. The primary objective of this review is to address the existing gap in the literature regarding ASP by investigating its diverse responses and receptor interactions across multiple determinants of obesity. These determinants include diet composition, metabolic disorders, organ involvement, sex and sex hormone levels. Furthermore, this article explores the broader paradigm shift from solely focusing on adipose tissue mass, which contributes to obesity, to considering the broader implications of adipose tissue function. Additionally, we raise a critical question concerning the clinical relevance of the insights gained from this review, both in terms of potential therapeutic interventions targeting ASP and in the context of preventing obesity-related conditions, highlighting the potential of the ASP-C5L2 interaction as a pharmacological target. In conclusion, these findings validate that obesity is a low-grade inflammatory status with multiorgan involvement and sex differences, demonstrating dynamic interactions between immune and metabolic response determinants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reza Rezvani
- Department of Nutrition, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | | | - Katherine Cianflone
- Centre de Recherche Institut Universitaire de Cardiologie & Pneumologie de Québec, Université Laval, Québec, Québec, Canada
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Clemente-Suárez VJ, Redondo-Flórez L, Beltrán-Velasco AI, Martín-Rodríguez A, Martínez-Guardado I, Navarro-Jiménez E, Laborde-Cárdenas CC, Tornero-Aguilera JF. The Role of Adipokines in Health and Disease. Biomedicines 2023; 11:biomedicines11051290. [PMID: 37238961 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11051290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 64.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2023] [Revised: 04/21/2023] [Accepted: 04/25/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Adipokines are cell-signaling proteins secreted by adipose tissue that has been related to a low-grade state of inflammation and different pathologies. The present review aims to analyze the role of adipokines in health and disease in order to understand the important functions and effects of these cytokines. For this aim, the present review delves into the type of adipocytes and the cytokines produced, as well as their functions; the relations of adipokines in inflammation and different diseases such as cardiovascular, atherosclerosis, mental diseases, metabolic disorders, cancer, and eating behaviors; and finally, the role of microbiota, nutrition, and physical activity in adipokines is discussed. This information would allow for a better understanding of these important cytokines and their effects on body organisms.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Laura Redondo-Flórez
- Department of Health Sciences, Faculty of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Universidad Europea de Madrid, C/Tajo s/n, 28670 Madrid, Spain
| | - Ana Isabel Beltrán-Velasco
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Life and Natural Sciences, University of Nebrija, C/del Hostal, 28248 Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Ismael Martínez-Guardado
- BRABE Group, Department of Psychology, Faculty of Life and Natural Sciences, University of Nebrija, C/del Hostal, 28248 Madrid, Spain
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Santos AL, Sinha S. Ageing, Metabolic Dysfunction, and the Therapeutic Role of Antioxidants. Subcell Biochem 2023; 103:341-435. [PMID: 37120475 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-031-26576-1_15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/01/2023]
Abstract
The gradual ageing of the world population has been accompanied by a dramatic increase in the prevalence of obesity and metabolic diseases, especially type 2 diabetes. The adipose tissue dysfunction associated with ageing and obesity shares many common physiological features, including increased oxidative stress and inflammation. Understanding the mechanisms responsible for adipose tissue dysfunction in obesity may help elucidate the processes that contribute to the metabolic disturbances that occur with ageing. This, in turn, may help identify therapeutic targets for the treatment of obesity and age-related metabolic disorders. Because oxidative stress plays a critical role in these pathological processes, antioxidant dietary interventions could be of therapeutic value for the prevention and/or treatment of age-related diseases and obesity and their complications. In this chapter, we review the molecular and cellular mechanisms by which obesity predisposes individuals to accelerated ageing. Additionally, we critically review the potential of antioxidant dietary interventions to counteract obesity and ageing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana L Santos
- IdISBA - Fundación de Investigación Sanitaria de las Islas Baleares, Palma, Spain.
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Niknam A, Mahboobifard F, Rahmati M, Firouzi F, Rojhani E, Azizi F, Ramezani Tehrani F. The effects of different physiologic concentrations of prolactin in association with reproductive hormones on the incidence of type 2 diabetes mellitus in men: Tehran Lipid and Glucose Study. BMC Endocr Disord 2022; 22:302. [PMID: 36471299 PMCID: PMC9721030 DOI: 10.1186/s12902-022-01225-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2022] [Accepted: 11/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Data is inconsistent and, for the most part, not sufficient to demonstrate the association between serum Prolactin (PRL) concentration within the physiologic range and the incidence rate of type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (DM) among men. Moreover, since both PRL and type 2 DM are associated with reproductive hormones, investigating these hormones might improve our understanding of how PRL might impose its effect on the incidence rate of type 2 DM. METHODS For the present study, 652 eligible men aged 29-70 with a normal baseline PRL concentration were selected from the Tehran Lipid and Glucose Study (TLGS). Participants were sub-classified into three groups (tertiles) according to the serum concentration of PRL and were followed for 15.8 years. The incidence of type 2 DM and PRL, LH, FSH, testosterone, and AMH concentrations were measured. The effect of hormonal variables on the incidence of type 2 DM was estimated using the log-binomial model, adjusted for major confounding factors. The correlations between PRL and the indicators of glucose and lipid metabolism and other hormonal variables were also explored. RESULTS In the unadjusted model, PRL was not significantly associated with the incidence rate of type 2 DM (RR = 0.98, 95% CI: 0.94 - 1.03). After adjusting for potential confounders, the inverse effect of AMH on the incidence rate of type 2 DM was the only significant association. The analyses also indicated a significant positive association between PRL and LH/FSH ratio (r = 0.1, P = 0.01). CONCLUSION No significant association was found between serum PRL concentrations within the physiologic range and the incidence rate of type 2 diabetes mellitus among middle-aged men. Men with higher concentrations of PRL within the physiologic range tended to show higher levels of LH and LH/FSH. AMH was the only variable significantly linked to the incidence rate of type 2 DM in men.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atrin Niknam
- Reproductive Endocrinology Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Velenjak, Tehran, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Mahboobifard
- Reproductive Endocrinology Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Velenjak, Tehran, Iran
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Maryam Rahmati
- Reproductive Endocrinology Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Velenjak, Tehran, Iran
| | - Faezeh Firouzi
- Pathology Department of Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ehsan Rojhani
- Reproductive Endocrinology Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Velenjak, Tehran, Iran
| | - Fereidoun Azizi
- Endocrine Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Fahimeh Ramezani Tehrani
- Reproductive Endocrinology Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Velenjak, Tehran, Iran.
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Abulmeaty MMA, Aldisi D, Aljuraiban GS, Almajwal A, El Shorbagy E, Almuhtadi Y, Albaran B, Aldossari Z, Alsager T, Razak S, Berika M, Al Zaben M. Association of Gastric Myoelectrical Activity With Ghrelin, Gastrin, and Irisin in Adults With Metabolically Healthy and Unhealthy Obesity. Front Physiol 2022; 13:815026. [PMID: 35547577 PMCID: PMC9081643 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2022.815026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2021] [Accepted: 03/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and Objective: Functional disturbances of gastric myoelectrical activity (GMA) might exist in obesity. However, studies on its association with the gastric hormones in obesity phenotypes are lacking. The objective was to study the association of GMA with the serum levels of key gastric hormones in different obesity phenotypes. Methods: A total of 139 adults (31.00 ± 11.12 years) were classified into different metabolic phenotypes of obesity: 1) normal weight-lean (NWL group): BMI <25 kg/m2 and the fat-mass index (FMI) ≤9.7 kg/m2 in females and ≤6.3 kg/m2 in males; 2) metabolically obese normal weight (MONW group): BMI <25 kg/m2 and FMI >9.7 kg/m2 in females and >6.3 kg/m2 in males; 3) metabolically healthy obese (MHO group): BMI ≥25 and FMI ≤9.7 kg/m2 in females and ≤6.3 kg/m2 in males; and 4) metabolically unhealthy obese (MUO group): BMI ≥25 and FMI >9.7 kg/m2 in females and >6.3 kg/m2 in males. The GMA was measured at the baseline and post-prandial state using a multichannel electrogastrography with a water load satiety test. The average power distribution by the frequency region and the average dominant frequency were used for analysis. Anthropometric measurements and bioelectric impedance analysis were performed to calculate the FMI and fat-free mass index (FFMI). Serum levels of ghrelin, gastrin, and irisin were measured by ELISA kits according to the manufacturer’s protocol. Results: Compared to the NWL group, gastrin and ghrelin levels were significantly low in the MUO participants, while irisin was significantly high. The EGG showed significantly lower baseline and 20-min normogastria frequencies in the MHO and MUO groups. In the MHO group, baseline duodenal frequency was positively correlated with the gastrin level, while normogastria times were positively associated with the irisin level and negatively associated with the ghrelin level. In the MUO group, percentages of bradygastria frequencies at 10, 20, and 30 min were positively correlated with the BMI and FFMI. This bradygastria was correlated positively with the irisin level and negatively with the ghrelin level. Conclusion: The EGG patterns might be associated with obesity-related gastric hormones in different obesity phenotypes. EGG may be a promising clinical tool in obesity assessment. The association of the EGG patterns with hormonal levels needs further investigation for potential practical uses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahmoud M A Abulmeaty
- Community Health Sciences Department, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.,Obesity Management Unit, Medical Physiology Department, School of Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
| | - Dara Aldisi
- Community Health Sciences Department, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ghadeer S Aljuraiban
- Community Health Sciences Department, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ali Almajwal
- Community Health Sciences Department, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Eman El Shorbagy
- Obesity Management Unit, Medical Physiology Department, School of Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
| | - Yara Almuhtadi
- Community Health Sciences Department, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Batool Albaran
- Community Health Sciences Department, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Zaid Aldossari
- Community Health Sciences Department, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Thamer Alsager
- Community Health Sciences Department, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Suhail Razak
- Community Health Sciences Department, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammed Berika
- Rehabilitation Sciences Department, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohamed Al Zaben
- Surgery Department, Sultan Bin Abdulaziz Humanitarian City, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
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7
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Recent Advances in Adipose Tissue Dysfunction and Its Role in the Pathogenesis of Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease. Cells 2021; 10:cells10123300. [PMID: 34943809 PMCID: PMC8699427 DOI: 10.3390/cells10123300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2021] [Revised: 11/09/2021] [Accepted: 11/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Obesity is a serious ongoing health problem that significantly increases the incidence of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). During obesity, adipose tissue dysfunction is obvious and characterized by increased fat deposition (adiposity) and chronic low-grade inflammation. The latter has been implicated to critically promote the development and progression of NAFLD, whose advanced form non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) is considered one of the most common causes of terminal liver diseases. This review summarizes the current knowledge on obesity-related adipose dysfunction and its roles in the pathogenesis of hepatic steatosis and inflammation, as well as liver fibrosis. A better understanding of the crosstalk between adipose tissue and liver under obesity is essential for the development of new and improved preventive and/or therapeutic approaches for managing NAFLD.
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Pirro F, Caldarola G, Chiricozzi A, Burlando M, Mariani M, Parodi A, Peris K, De Simone C. Impact of Body Mass Index on the Efficacy of Biological Therapies in Patients with Psoriasis: A Real-World Study. Clin Drug Investig 2021; 41:917-925. [PMID: 34537921 PMCID: PMC8481196 DOI: 10.1007/s40261-021-01080-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/31/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The efficacy of biological therapies used for the treatment of chronic plaque psoriasis can be influenced by numerous variables including body mass index (BMI). OBJECTIVE This study aimed to evaluate the impact of BMI on the short-term and long-term efficacy of biological therapies in clinical practice and to identify the best therapeutic options in obese patients (BMI ≥ 30 kg/m2). METHODS A multicentric retrospective study was conducted in patients who initiated a biological therapy during the period January 2006-December 2019. The proportion of patients achieving a 90% improvement of baseline Psoriasis Area and Severity Index at weeks 12 and 24 was calculated also recording the 12- and 24-month drug survival as a measure of long-term efficacy, performing multivariate analyses to assess the impact of different variables. RESULTS Five hundred and four patients with psoriasis were included. After 12 and 24 weeks, the proportion of patients achieving a 90% improvement of baseline Psoriasis Area and Severity Index response was higher in patients with a BMI < 30 kg/m2 compared with those with a BMI ≥ 30 kg/m2 [54.90% vs 43.45% (p = 0.014) at week 12 and 66.84% vs 56.55% (p = 0.021) at week 24]. The Kaplan-Meier survival curves showed how obese patients had a higher probability of discontinuation due to a lack or loss of efficacy (p = 0.0192) compared with non-obese patients. The drug survival analysis also showed that BMI negatively affected the drug survival of secukinumab (odds ratio 1.27, p < 0.001) and ustekinumab (odds ratio 1.06, p = 0.050), while the long-term efficacy of adalimumab, etanercept, and ixekizumab was not influenced by BMI. CONCLUSIONS Obesity (BMI ≥ 30 kg/m2) negatively affects the clinical response of biological drugs in psoriatic patients, with anti-interleukin drugs being more affected by BMI than anti-tumor necrosis factor drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Federico Pirro
- Istituto di Dermatologia, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, L.go F. Vito 1, 00135, Rome, Italy.
- Department of Dermatology, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Rome, Italy.
| | - Giacomo Caldarola
- Istituto di Dermatologia, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, L.go F. Vito 1, 00135, Rome, Italy
- Department of Dermatology, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Andrea Chiricozzi
- Istituto di Dermatologia, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, L.go F. Vito 1, 00135, Rome, Italy
- Department of Dermatology, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Martina Burlando
- Division of Dermatology (DissaL), Policlinico San Martino Hospital, IRCCS, Genoa, Italy
| | - Marco Mariani
- Department of Health Sciences and Public Health, Catholic University, Rome, Italy
| | - Aurora Parodi
- Division of Dermatology (DissaL), Policlinico San Martino Hospital, IRCCS, Genoa, Italy
| | - Ketty Peris
- Istituto di Dermatologia, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, L.go F. Vito 1, 00135, Rome, Italy
- Department of Dermatology, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Clara De Simone
- Istituto di Dermatologia, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, L.go F. Vito 1, 00135, Rome, Italy
- Department of Dermatology, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Rome, Italy
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Hamouda HA, Mansour SM, Elyamany MF. Vitamin D Combined with Pioglitazone Mitigates Type-2 Diabetes-induced Hepatic Injury Through Targeting Inflammation, Apoptosis, and Oxidative Stress. Inflammation 2021; 45:156-171. [PMID: 34468908 DOI: 10.1007/s10753-021-01535-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2021] [Accepted: 08/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Inflammation is a major pathophysiological factor in development of type-2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Vitamin D (VITD) plays an imperative role in modulation of several inflammatory responses. The current study aimed to investigate the possible beneficial effects of coadministration of VITD with pioglitazone (PIO), a PPAR-γ agonist, in fructose/streptozotocin (F/STZ) T2DM model in male Wistar rats. T2DM was induced by maintaining rats on 10% (w/v) fructose in drinking water for 9 weeks with an intraperitoneal injection of sub-diabetogenic dose of STZ (35 mg/kg) by the end of the fourth week. One week after STZ injection, PIO (10 mg/kg/day) alone or with VITD (500 IU/kg/day) was administered orally to diabetic rats till the end of the experiment. Blood samples were collected, livers were homogenized to determine biochemical parameters, and samples of livers were fixed in 10% formalin in saline for histological examination. Administration of PIO alone improved diabetes-induced inflammatory and oxidative states besides controlling hyperglycemia and decreasing apoptosis. Coadministration of VIT D with PIO promoted additional improvement in glycemic and lipid profiles, provided further control on diabetic-induced hepatic inflammation evident by downregulating TLR2, TLR4, and IKK-β while upregulating IκB-α expression and reducing inflammatory cytokines namely; NF-κB, TNF-α, IL-6, and IL-1β, decreasing apoptosis and oxidative stress by hampering caspase-3 and MDA contents, respectively, and improved liver histology than PIO alone. These beneficial effects of VIT D may expand its use by diabetics combined with antidiabetic drugs due to its anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and antiapoptotic properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hend A Hamouda
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt. .,Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt.
| | - Suzan M Mansour
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt.,Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Future University in Egypt, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Mohammed F Elyamany
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
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Aiumtrakul N, Kittithaworn A, Supasyndh O, Krittayaphong R, Phrommintikul A, Satirapoj B. Association of body mass index with kidney function and mortality in high cardiovascular risk population: A nationwide prospective cohort study. Nephrology (Carlton) 2021; 27:25-34. [PMID: 34463405 DOI: 10.1111/nep.13970] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2021] [Revised: 08/25/2021] [Accepted: 08/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND There is increasing awareness of the impact of obesity and underweight on cardiovascular (CV) disease, chronic kidney disease (CKD) and mortality. Abnormal body mass index (BMI) might be associated with worse clinical outcomes, including CKD progression, but limited evidence exists among Asian patients with high CV risk. OBJECTIVE To investigate the association of BMI with progressive loss of kidney function and all-cause mortality in Thai patients with high CV risk. METHODS In a national cohort of 5887 high CV risk subjects, we assessed the association of high BMI with the composite renal outcome (estimated glomerular filtration rate [eGFR] decline over 40%, eGFR less than 15 mL/min/1.73 m2 , doubling of serum creatinine, initiation of dialysis and death related to renal causes) and with all-cause mortality in Cox proportional hazards models. RESULTS A total of 5887 participants (3217 male and 2670 female) with high CV risk were enrolled. Participants were classified into five groups by their baseline BMI; <20 kg/m2 (n = 482), 20-24.9 kg/m2 (n = 2437), 25-29.9 kg/m2 (n = 2140), 30-34.9 kg/m2 (n = 665) and 35 kg/m2 (n = 163), respectively. On multivariate analysis of Cox proportional hazards models, adjusted for other covariates, baseline BMI ≥35 kg/m2 was an independent predictor of loss of kidney function (HR 1.60, 95% CI 1.04-2.40) and all-cause mortality (HR 2.68, 95% CI 1.50-4.80). Baseline BMI <20 kg/m2 was an independent predictor of all-cause mortality as well (adjusted HR 2.26, 95% CI 1.50-3.42). CONCLUSION In the high CV risk Thai population, a BMI of 35 kg/m2 or more is associated with loss of kidney function and mortality. On the other hand, a BMI less than 20 kg/m2 is also associated with all-cause mortality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noppawit Aiumtrakul
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Phramongkutklao Hospital and College of Medicine, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Annop Kittithaworn
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Phramongkutklao Hospital and College of Medicine, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Ouppatham Supasyndh
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Phramongkutklao Hospital and College of Medicine, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Rungroj Krittayaphong
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Arintaya Phrommintikul
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - Bancha Satirapoj
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Phramongkutklao Hospital and College of Medicine, Bangkok, Thailand
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Rios INMS, Lamarca F, Vieira FT, de Melo HAB, Magalhães KG, de Carvalho KMB, Pizato N. The Positive Impact of Resistance Training on Muscle Mass and Serum Leptin Levels in Patients 2-7 Years Post-Roux-en-Y Gastric Bypass: A Controlled Clinical Trial. Obes Surg 2021; 31:3758-3767. [PMID: 34041699 DOI: 10.1007/s11695-021-05494-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2021] [Revised: 05/18/2021] [Accepted: 05/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Resistance training program (RTP) assist the maintenance of optimal body composition and inflammatory response modulation in individuals in late Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB). This study aimed to investigate the effect of RTP on body composition and serum inflammatory profile in individuals 2-7 years post-RYGB. METHODS Volunteers were matched on body mass index (BMI), age, sex, and years after surgery, and they were allocated as control or RTP group. Body composition, visceral fat area (VFA), and inflammatory serum markers were measured at baseline and after 12 weeks of RTP. RESULTS The sample baseline characteristics (n = 63; BMI = 29.7 ± 5.3 kg/m2) were similar between the groups. After intervention, the RTP group presented higher fat-free mass (Δ 1.17 ± 1.12 kg, p = 0.003) and skeletal muscle mass (Δ 0.77 ± 0.66 kg, p = 0.002) and decreased leptin levels (Δ -0.15 ± 0.60 pg/mL, p = 0.028). Ultrasensitive C-reactive protein (CRPus), interleukin-6, adiponectin, and monocyte chemotactic protein-1 showed no significant time-by-group interaction. After the categorization of RTP group individuals by VFA median values (129.8 cm2, IQR 90.9; 152.5), participants with VFA values above the median presented a significant decrease in CRPus (Δ -0.20 mg/L, IQR -7.59; -0.03, p = 0.022) when compared to the participants with VFA values below the median. CONCLUSION The RTP improved individuals' body composition by a modest but significant enhancing muscle mass and decreasing serum leptin and CRPus levels, especially in individuals with VFA values above the median. RTPs assist in maintaining the adequate body composition as they contribute to a decrease in proinflammatory markers in long-term RYGB.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Fernando Lamarca
- Graduate Program in Human Nutrition, University of Brasília (UnB), Brasília, Brazil
- Department of Applied Nutrition, Federal University of the State of Rio de Janeiro (UNIRIO), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | | | | | - Kelly Grace Magalhães
- Laboratory of Immunology and Inflammation, Department of Cell Biology, University of Brasilia (UnB), Brasilia, Brazil
| | | | - Nathalia Pizato
- Graduate Program in Human Nutrition, University of Brasília (UnB), Brasília, Brazil.
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Graduate Program in Human Nutrition, University of Brasilia, Zip Code 70910-900, Asa Norte, Brasília, Federal District, Brazil.
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An E, Irwin MR, Doering LV, Brecht ML, Watson KE, Aysola RS, Aguila AP, Harper RM, Macey PM. Which came first, obstructive sleep apnoea or hypertension? A retrospective study of electronic records over 10 years, with separation by sex. BMJ Open 2021; 11:e041179. [PMID: 33757941 PMCID: PMC7993176 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2020-041179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Obstructive sleep apnoea (OSA) is a risk factor for hypertension (HTN), but the clinical progression of OSA to HTN is unclear. There are also sex differences in prevalence, screening and symptoms of OSA. Our objective was to estimate the time from OSA to HTN diagnoses in females and males. DESIGN Retrospective analysis of electronic health records (EHR) over 10 years (2006-2015 inclusive). SETTING University of California Los Angeles (UCLA) Health System in Los Angeles, California, USA. PARTICIPANTS 4848 patients: females n=2086, mean (SD) age=52.8 (13.2) years; males n=2762, age=53.8 (13.5) years. These patients were selected from 1.6 million with diagnoses in the EHR who met these criteria: diagnoses of OSA and HTN; in long-term care defined by ambulatory visits at least 1 year prior and 1 year subsequent to the first OSA diagnosis; no diagnosis of OSA or HTN at intake; and a sleep study performed at UCLA. PRIMARY AND SECONDARY OUTCOME MEASURES The primary outcome measure in each patient was time from the first diagnosis of OSA to the first diagnosis of HTN (OSA to HTN days). Since HTN and OSA are progressive disorders, a secondary measure was the relationship between OSA to HTN time and age (OSA to HTN=β1×Age+β0). RESULTS The median (lower and upper quartiles) days from OSA to HTN were: all -532 (-1439, -3); females -610 (-1579, -42); and males -451 (-1358, 0). Older age in both sexes was associated with less time to a subsequent HTN diagnosis or more time from a prior HTN diagnosis (β1 days/year: all -16.9, females -18.3, males -15.9). CONCLUSIONS HTN was on average diagnosed years prior to OSA, with a longer separation in females. Our findings are consistent with underscreening of OSA, more so in females than males. Undiagnosed OSA may delay treatment for the sleep disorder and perhaps affect the development and progression of HTN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eunjoo An
- UCLA School of Nursing, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Michael R Irwin
- Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Lynn V Doering
- UCLA School of Nursing, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Mary-Lynn Brecht
- UCLA School of Nursing, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Karol E Watson
- Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Ravi S Aysola
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Andrea P Aguila
- UCLA School of Nursing, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Ronald M Harper
- Department of Neurobiology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Paul M Macey
- UCLA School of Nursing, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, USA
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14
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Liu S, Li Y, Fan X, Li K, Xu C, Zhang L, Luo M, Wang L, Li R, Wu J. Transplantation of adipose tissue lacking PAI-1 improves glucose tolerance and attenuates cardiac metabolic abnormalities in high-fat diet-induced obesity. Adipocyte 2020; 9:170-178. [PMID: 32272863 PMCID: PMC7153656 DOI: 10.1080/21623945.2020.1748961] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Adipose tissue is an important metabolic organ, and transplantation of white adipose tissue plays crucial roles in glucose homoeostasis and energy metabolism. However, how adipose tissue affects glucose utilization is poorly understood. PAI-1-knockout (PAI-1KO) mice were previously shown to be resistant to a high-fat diet and obesity. We used microPET/CT (positron emission tomography/computed tomography), gene microarray, and biochemical assays to measure changes in systemic and myocardial glucose metabolism in mice subjected to transplantation of adipose tissue from PAI-1KO and wild-type mice. Here, we show that transplanting subcutaneous white adipose tissue (scWAT) from PAI-1KO mice into high-fat diet (HFD)-fed mice reduced levels of serum total cholesterol and triglycerides, and improved glucose tolerance in the HFD-fed mice. microPET/CT imaging revealed that cardiac glucose uptake was increased in the heart but not in the liver, hindlimb muscles, or abdominal subcutaneous white adipose tissue in HFD-fed mice transplanted with PAI-1KO scWAT, suggesting that the transplanted PAI-1KO scWAT exerted endocrine effects in the heart. In addition, transplantation of scWAT from PAI-1KO mice upregulated mitochondrial gene expression in cardiac muscle, increased the expression of glucose transporters 1 and 4 in cardiac tissues and was associated with an increased NAD+/NADH ratio. Together, these findings suggest that modulating PAI-1 in scWAT may provide a promising approach for intervening in glucose metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sijing Liu
- Key Laboratory of Medical Electrophysiology of Ministry of Education, Collaborative Innovation Center for Prevention and Treatment of Cardiovascular Disease of Sichuan Province, Drug Discovery Research Center, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
- Laboratory for Cardiovascular Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, China
| | - Yi Li
- Key Laboratory of Medical Electrophysiology of Ministry of Education, Collaborative Innovation Center for Prevention and Treatment of Cardiovascular Disease of Sichuan Province, Drug Discovery Research Center, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
- Laboratory for Cardiovascular Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, China
| | - Xin Fan
- Key Laboratory of Medical Electrophysiology of Ministry of Education, Collaborative Innovation Center for Prevention and Treatment of Cardiovascular Disease of Sichuan Province, Drug Discovery Research Center, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
- Laboratory for Cardiovascular Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, China
| | - Kai Li
- Key Laboratory of Medical Electrophysiology of Ministry of Education, Collaborative Innovation Center for Prevention and Treatment of Cardiovascular Disease of Sichuan Province, Drug Discovery Research Center, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
- Laboratory for Cardiovascular Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, China
| | - Chunrong Xu
- Key Laboratory of Medical Electrophysiology of Ministry of Education, Collaborative Innovation Center for Prevention and Treatment of Cardiovascular Disease of Sichuan Province, Drug Discovery Research Center, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
- Laboratory for Cardiovascular Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, China
| | - Liping Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Medical Electrophysiology of Ministry of Education, Collaborative Innovation Center for Prevention and Treatment of Cardiovascular Disease of Sichuan Province, Drug Discovery Research Center, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
- Laboratory for Cardiovascular Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, China
| | - Mao Luo
- Key Laboratory of Medical Electrophysiology of Ministry of Education, Collaborative Innovation Center for Prevention and Treatment of Cardiovascular Disease of Sichuan Province, Drug Discovery Research Center, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
- Laboratory for Cardiovascular Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, China
| | - Liqun Wang
- Key Laboratory of Medical Electrophysiology of Ministry of Education, Collaborative Innovation Center for Prevention and Treatment of Cardiovascular Disease of Sichuan Province, Drug Discovery Research Center, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
- Laboratory for Cardiovascular Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, China
| | - Rong Li
- Key Laboratory of Medical Electrophysiology of Ministry of Education, Collaborative Innovation Center for Prevention and Treatment of Cardiovascular Disease of Sichuan Province, Drug Discovery Research Center, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
- Laboratory for Cardiovascular Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, China
| | - Jianbo Wu
- Key Laboratory of Medical Electrophysiology of Ministry of Education, Collaborative Innovation Center for Prevention and Treatment of Cardiovascular Disease of Sichuan Province, Drug Discovery Research Center, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
- Laboratory for Cardiovascular Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, China
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15
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Enhancing insulin sensitivity by dual PPARγ partial agonist, β-catenin inhibitor: Design, synthesis of new αphthalimido-o-toluoyl2-aminothiazole hybrids. Life Sci 2020; 259:118270. [PMID: 32814067 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2020.118270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2020] [Revised: 07/28/2020] [Accepted: 08/10/2020] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
AIMS Partial PPARγ agonists attracted substantially heightened interest as safer thiazolidinediones alternatives. On the other hand, Wnt/β-catenin antagonists have been highlighted as promising strategy for type 2 diabetes management via up-regulating PPARγ gene expression. We aimed at synthesizing novel partial PPARγ agonists with β-catenin inhibitory activity which could enhance insulin sensitivity and avoid the side effects of full PPARγ agonists. MAIN METHODS We synthesized novel series of α-phthlimido-o-toluoyl-2-aminothiazoles hybrids for evaluating their antidiabetic activity and discovering its mechanistic pathway. We assessed effect of the new hybrids on PPARγ activation using a luciferase reporter assay system. Moreover, intracellular triglyceride levels, gene levels of c/EBPα, PPARγ and PPARγ targets including GLUT4, adiponectin, aP2 were measured in 3T3-L1 cells. Uptake of 2-DOG together with PPARγ and β-catenin protein levels were evaluated in 3T3-L1cells. In addition, molecular docking studies with PPARγ LBD, physicochemical properties and structure activity relationship of the novel hybrids were also studied. KEY FINDINGS Three of the synthesized hybrids showed partial PPARγ agonistic activity and distinct PPARγ binding pattern. These compounds modulated PPARγ gene expression and PPARγ target genes; and increased glucose uptake in 3T3-L1 and slightly induced adipogenesis compared to rosiglitazone. Moreover, these compounds reduced β-catenin protein level which reflected in increased both PPARγ gene and protein levels that leads to improved insulin sensitivity and increased GLUT4 and adiponectin gene expression. SIGNIFICANCE Our synthesized compounds act as novel partial PPARγ agonists and β-catenin inhibitors that have potent insulin sensitizing activity and mitigate the lipogenic side effects of TZDs.
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Żelaźniewicz A, Nowak J, Studzińska I, Pawłowski B. Do adipokines levels influence facial attractiveness of young women? AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL ANTHROPOLOGY 2020; 173:250-257. [PMID: 32735054 DOI: 10.1002/ajpa.24114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2020] [Revised: 06/14/2020] [Accepted: 06/22/2020] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Facial attractiveness is thought to reflect an individual's biological condition. This seems to be largely explained by the relationship between facial appearance and body adiposity, a trait that affects various aspects of body homeostasis, including fertility and immunity. The aim of this study was to test if, a part of adipose tissue amount, also levels of hormones secreted by adipose tissue are reflected in women's appearance, focusing on the two most abundant adipokines. Due to the opposing effects of adiponectin and leptin on health, we hypothesized that leptin negatively and adiponectin positively correlate with women's attractiveness. METHODS The study sample included 174 young, healthy women (Mage = 28.50, SDage = 2.38). Serum leptin and adiponectin levels were measured. Estradiol (E2), testosterone (T), and BMI levels were controlled in the analyses. Face photographs were taken and facial attractiveness ratings, assessed by men, were gathered in online questionnaires. RESULTS Perceived facial attractiveness correlated negatively with leptin level and leptin/adiponectin ratio, but did not correlate with adiponectin level. The results were similar, when controlled for E2, T, and BMI. Adipokines levels did not mediate or moderate the relationship between facial attractiveness and BMI. CONCLUSIONS The results showed that perceived facial attractiveness is predicted by adipose-derived hormones detrimental for health, like leptin, but is not related with beneficial hormones, such as adiponectin. However, the levels of these two adipokines do not impact the relationship between perceived facial attractiveness and adiposity, and thus do not explain the relationship between facial attractiveness, body adiposity, and biological condition.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Judyta Nowak
- Department of Human Biology, University of Wrocław, Wrocław, Poland
| | - Ida Studzińska
- Department of Human Biology, University of Wrocław, Wrocław, Poland
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17
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Nijhawans P, Behl T, Bhardwaj S. Angiogenesis in obesity. Biomed Pharmacother 2020; 126:110103. [PMID: 32200253 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2020.110103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2019] [Revised: 03/03/2020] [Accepted: 03/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Angiogenesis is considered as a major progenitor in the progression of obesity. The current manuscript enumerates the extrinsic role of angiogenesis in obesity. RESULT High caloric diet and lack of physical exercise are the most common causes of obesity and related metabolic conditions. A grossly elevated levels of fat in adipose tissue escalate certain complications which further worsen the state of obesity. Enlargement of white adipose tissue (WAT), deposition of fat mass, proliferation of endothelial cells, production of inflammatory cytokines induces the formation of denovo capillaries from parent microvasculature. Also, several intracellular signaling pathways precipitate obesity. Though, angiostatic molecules (endostatin, angiostatin and TNP-470) have been designed to combat obesity and associated complications. CONCLUSION Adipose tissue trigger growth of blood capillaries, and in turn adipose tissue endothelial cells promote pre-adipocyte proliferation. Modulation of angiogenesis and treatment with angiostatic substances may have the potential to impair the progression of obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Priya Nijhawans
- Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Punjab, India
| | - Tapan Behl
- Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Punjab, India.
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18
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Bretschneider H, Quade M, Lode A, Gelinsky M, Rammelt S, Zwingenberger S, Schaser KD, Vater C. Characterization of Naturally Occurring Bioactive Factor Mixtures for Bone Regeneration. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21041412. [PMID: 32093051 PMCID: PMC7073126 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21041412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2020] [Revised: 02/11/2020] [Accepted: 02/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study, the bone-regenerative potential of bioactive factors derived from adipose tissue, platelet-rich plasma (PRP) and conditioned medium from hypoxia-treated human telomerase immortalized bone-marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (hTERT-MSC) was investigated in vitro with the aim to develop cost-effective and efficient bone substitutes for optimized regeneration of bone defects. Adipose tissue was harvested from human donors undergoing reconstructive surgery, and adipose tissue extract (ATE) was prepared. Platelet lysates (PL) were produced by repeated freeze-thaw cycles of PRP, and hypoxia-conditioned medium (HCM) was obtained by culturing human telomerase immortalized bone-marrow-derived mesenchymal stromal cells for 5 days with 1% O2. Besides analysis by cytokine and angiogenesis arrays, ELISA was performed. Angiogenic potential was investigated in cocultures of bone-marrow-derived (BM)-MSC and human umbilical vein endothelial cells. Multiple angiogenic proteins and cytokines were detected in all growth factor mixtures. HCM and ATE contained high amounts of angiogenin and CCL2/MCP-1, whereas PL contained high amounts of IGFBP-1. Culturing cells with HCM and ATE significantly increased specific ALP activity of BM-MSC as well as tubule length and junctions of endothelial networks, indicating osteogenic and angiogenic stimulation. To achieve a synergism between chemoattractive potential and osteogenic and angiogenic differentiation capacity, a combination of different growth factors appears promising for potential clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Henriette Bretschneider
- University Center of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus of Technische, Universität Dresden, Fetscherstraße 74, 01307 Dresden, Germany
- Centre for Translational Bone, Joint and Soft Tissue Research, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus and Faculty of Medicine of Technische, Universität Dresden, Fetscherstraße 74, 01307 Dresden, Germany
| | - Mandy Quade
- Centre for Translational Bone, Joint and Soft Tissue Research, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus and Faculty of Medicine of Technische, Universität Dresden, Fetscherstraße 74, 01307 Dresden, Germany
| | - Anja Lode
- Centre for Translational Bone, Joint and Soft Tissue Research, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus and Faculty of Medicine of Technische, Universität Dresden, Fetscherstraße 74, 01307 Dresden, Germany
| | - Michael Gelinsky
- Centre for Translational Bone, Joint and Soft Tissue Research, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus and Faculty of Medicine of Technische, Universität Dresden, Fetscherstraße 74, 01307 Dresden, Germany
| | - Stefan Rammelt
- University Center of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus of Technische, Universität Dresden, Fetscherstraße 74, 01307 Dresden, Germany
| | - Stefan Zwingenberger
- University Center of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus of Technische, Universität Dresden, Fetscherstraße 74, 01307 Dresden, Germany
- Centre for Translational Bone, Joint and Soft Tissue Research, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus and Faculty of Medicine of Technische, Universität Dresden, Fetscherstraße 74, 01307 Dresden, Germany
| | - Klaus-Dieter Schaser
- University Center of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus of Technische, Universität Dresden, Fetscherstraße 74, 01307 Dresden, Germany
| | - Corina Vater
- University Center of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus of Technische, Universität Dresden, Fetscherstraße 74, 01307 Dresden, Germany
- Centre for Translational Bone, Joint and Soft Tissue Research, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus and Faculty of Medicine of Technische, Universität Dresden, Fetscherstraße 74, 01307 Dresden, Germany
- Correspondence:
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Siddiqui S, Waghdhare S, Jha S, Dubey S. Role of immunological markers in gestational diabetes mellitus-a brief review. Diabetes Metab Syndr 2019; 13:2983-2985. [PMID: 30076086 DOI: 10.1016/j.dsx.2018.07.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2018] [Accepted: 07/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Gestational Diabetes Mellitus (GDM) is a condition which develops due to insulin resistance. There are a number of immunological markers (IL-6, TNF-α, IL-10, etc), which play significant role during normal pregnancy and their irregular levels could likely cause some level of insulin resistance. There are studies which have compared the levels of different immunological mediators in GDM affected females and their healthy controls, but their findings are little controversial. Some of the studies have reported increased levels of IL-6, TNF-α, adiponectin, leptin, in females affected with GDM, while others do not confirm this. We have tried to summarize, in this short review, the findings of research studies being conducted globally, which have reported the association of insulin resistance, GDM and immunological markers. Our review suggests that there is a need for high quality data on the immunological parameters associated with GDM, especially from India.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samreen Siddiqui
- Institute of Endocrinology, Diabetes & Metabolism, Max Healthcare Inst. Ltd., Saket, New Delhi, 110017, India; Amity Institute of Virology & Immunology, Amity University, Sector-125, Noida, Uttar Pradesh, 201313, India.
| | - Swati Waghdhare
- Institute of Endocrinology, Diabetes & Metabolism, Max Healthcare Inst. Ltd., Saket, New Delhi, 110017, India
| | - Sujeet Jha
- Institute of Endocrinology, Diabetes & Metabolism, Max Healthcare Inst. Ltd., Saket, New Delhi, 110017, India
| | - Shweta Dubey
- Amity Institute of Virology & Immunology, Amity University, Sector-125, Noida, Uttar Pradesh, 201313, India
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Junior MDF, Cavalcante KVN, Ferreira LA, Lopes PR, Pontes CNR, Bessa ADSMD, Neves ÂR, Francisco FA, Pedrino GR, Xavier CH, Mathias PCDF, Castro CHD, Gomes RM. Postnatal early overfeeding induces cardiovascular dysfunction by oxidative stress in adult male Wistar rats. Life Sci 2019; 226:173-184. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2019.04.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2019] [Revised: 03/29/2019] [Accepted: 04/06/2019] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Badaoui A, Tounian P, Mahé E. Psoriasis and metabolic and cardiovascular comorbidities in children: A systematic review. Arch Pediatr 2019; 26:86-94. [PMID: 30638928 DOI: 10.1016/j.arcped.2018.12.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2018] [Revised: 11/13/2018] [Accepted: 12/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Psoriasis is associated with a higher risk of cardiovascular and/or metabolic comorbidity in adults, but discordant data have been reported in children. OBJECTIVE To evaluate the frequency of metabolic and cardiovascular comorbidity in children with psoriasis and to establish whether age at onset of psoriasis correlates with metabolic and cardiovascular comorbidity in adulthood. MATERIAL AND METHODS We conducted a systematic review on MEDLINE, using PubMed and Ovid. The search was limited to children (<18 years). The following key words were used: "psoriasis" with "children or childhood or adolescent" and "obesity" or "hypertension" or "diabetes" or "dyslipidemia" or "cardiovascular risk factor" or "myocardial infarction" or "stroke" or "coronaropathy" or "comorbidity". The reference lists of the articles retrieved were checked for additional relevant studies. RESULTS A total of 377 potential citations were analyzed. After removing duplicate articles and reviewing eligibility in titles and abstracts, 16 articles remained. The studies analyzed revealed significantly higher risk of overweight and obesity in children with psoriasis, despite the numerous definitions used. Four studies reported higher risk of abdominal obesity in children with psoriasis. Data on hypertension, diabetes, dyslipidemia, metabolic syndrome, and major cardiovascular events suggested there was no higher risk of these comorbidities in children with psoriasis. Two studies suggested that age at onset of psoriasis did not increase the frequency of comorbidity in adulthood. CONCLUSION This systematic review suggests that psoriasis in children is not associated with metabolic and cardiovascular comorbidities, except overweight and obesity, for which higher prevalence is clearly demonstrated in the literature.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Badaoui
- Service de Dermatologie, Centre Hospitalier Victor-Dupouy, 69, rue du Lieutenant-Colonel-Prud'hon, 95100 Argenteuil, France
| | - P Tounian
- Service de nutrition et gastro-entérologie pédiatriques, Hôpital Trousseau, Assistance publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Université Pierre-et-Marie-Curie, Paris VI, 75012 Paris, France
| | - E Mahé
- Service de Dermatologie, Centre Hospitalier Victor-Dupouy, 69, rue du Lieutenant-Colonel-Prud'hon, 95100 Argenteuil, France.
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22
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Adamska-Patruno E, Ostrowska L, Goscik J, Pietraszewska B, Kretowski A, Gorska M. The relationship between the leptin/ghrelin ratio and meals with various macronutrient contents in men with different nutritional status: a randomized crossover study. Nutr J 2018; 17:118. [PMID: 30593267 PMCID: PMC6309055 DOI: 10.1186/s12937-018-0427-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2018] [Accepted: 12/19/2018] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hormones, which influence satiety and hunger, play a significant role in body energy balance regulation. Ghrelin is a peptide that plays an important role in short-term appetite regulation, whereas leptin is a factor that controls long-term energy balance and is considered as a satiety hormone. The aim of this study was to evaluate the leptin/ghrelin ratio in a fasting state and after the intake of meals with varying macronutrient contents and to assess the possible differences between normal body weight and overweight/obese men. METHODS We examined 46 healthy adult men (23 with normal body weight and 23 overweight/obese) aged 21-58, who were divided into two groups. In the crossover study, participants received isocaloric (450 kcal) meals with different macronutrient contents: men from the first group received high-carbohydrate (HC) and normo-carbohydrate (NC) meals, and in the second group, participants received high-carbohydrate and high-fat (HF) meals. The ratio of leptin/ghrelin levels was calculated from leptin and total ghrelin serum concentrations in a fasting state and 30, 60, 120, 180 and 240 min after meal intake. One-way ANOVA and Wilcoxon signed-rank tests were carried out. The normality of the variable distribution was checked with the Shapiro-Wilk test, the homogeneity of variances was verified with the Levene test, and the false discovery rate p-value adjustment method was used. RESULTS The leptin/ghrelin ratio was significantly higher in overweight/obese men than individuals with normal body weight in a fasting state, as well as postprandially. We observed trends towards a higher leptin/ghrelin ratio values from the 60 min after HC-meal intake compared to the NC- and HF-meals in normal body weight participants, while in overweight/obese men, we did not note any significant differences dependent on the meal type. CONCLUSIONS We have observed a significantly different postprandial leptin/ghrelin ratio in normal body weight and overweight/obese men, and our results suggest that in men with normal body weight, a greater feeling of satiety may occur after high-carbohydrate meal intake, which was not noted in the overweight/obese individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edyta Adamska-Patruno
- Clinical Research Centre, Medical University of Bialystok, Sklodowskiej 24A, 15-276, Bialystok, MC, Poland.
| | - Lucyna Ostrowska
- Department of Dietetics and Clinical Nutrition, Medical University of Bialystok, Mieszka I-go 4B, 15-054, Bialystok, Poland
| | - Joanna Goscik
- Clinical Research Centre, Medical University of Bialystok, Sklodowskiej 24A, 15-276, Bialystok, MC, Poland
| | - Barbara Pietraszewska
- Department of Dietetics and Clinical Nutrition, Medical University of Bialystok, Mieszka I-go 4B, 15-054, Bialystok, Poland
| | - Adam Kretowski
- Clinical Research Centre, Medical University of Bialystok, Sklodowskiej 24A, 15-276, Bialystok, MC, Poland.,Department of Endocrinology, Diabetology and Internal Medicine, Medical University of Bialystok, Sklodowskiej 24A, 15-276, Bialystok, MC, Poland
| | - Maria Gorska
- Department of Endocrinology, Diabetology and Internal Medicine, Medical University of Bialystok, Sklodowskiej 24A, 15-276, Bialystok, MC, Poland
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Sibuyi NRS, Meyer M, Onani MO, Skepu A, Madiehe AM. Vascular targeted nanotherapeutic approach for obesity treatment. Int J Nanomedicine 2018; 13:7915-7929. [PMID: 30538468 PMCID: PMC6260142 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s173424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Obesity is a global epidemic that poses a serious health concern due to it being a risk factor for life-threatening chronic diseases, such as type 2 diabetes, cancer, and cardiovascular diseases. Pharmacotherapy remains the mainstay for the management of obesity; however, its usefulness is limited due to poor drug efficacy, non-specificity and toxic side effects. Therefore, novel approaches that could provide insights into obesity and obesity-associated diseases as well as development of novel anti-obesity treatment modalities or improvement on the existing drugs are necessary. While the ideal treatment of obesity should involve early intervention in susceptible individuals, targeted nanotherapy potentially provides a fresh perspective that might be better than the current conventional therapies. Independent studies have shown improved drug efficacy by using prohibitin (PHB)-targeted therapy in obese rodents and non-human primates, thus providing a proof of concept that targeted nanotherapy can be a feasible treatment for obesity. This review presents a brief global survey of obesity, its impact on human health, its current treatment and their limitations, and the role of angiogenesis and PHB in the development of obesity. Finally, the role and potential use of nanotechnology coupled with targeted drug delivery in the treatment of obesity are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicole Remaliah Samantha Sibuyi
- Department of Science and Technology/Mintek Nanotechnology Innovation Centre, Biolabels Unit, Department of Biotechnology, University of the Western Cape, Bellville, South Africa,
| | - Mervin Meyer
- Department of Science and Technology/Mintek Nanotechnology Innovation Centre, Biolabels Unit, Department of Biotechnology, University of the Western Cape, Bellville, South Africa,
| | - Martin Opiyo Onani
- Organometallics and Nanomaterials, Department of Chemistry, University of the Western Cape, Bellville, South Africa
| | - Amanda Skepu
- Department of Science and Technology/Mintek Nanotechnology Innovation Centre, Biolabels Unit, Advanced Materials Division, Mintek, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Abram Madimabe Madiehe
- Department of Science and Technology/Mintek Nanotechnology Innovation Centre, Biolabels Unit, Department of Biotechnology, University of the Western Cape, Bellville, South Africa,
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24
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Szczepankiewicz D, Skrzypski M, Pruszyńska-Oszmałek E, Kołodziejski PA, Sassek M, Stefańska B, Nowak KW, Szczepankiewicz A. Interleukin 4 affects lipid metabolism and the expression of pro-inflammatory factors in mature rat adipocytes. Immunobiology 2018; 223:677-683. [PMID: 30017262 DOI: 10.1016/j.imbio.2018.07.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2018] [Revised: 04/23/2018] [Accepted: 07/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Chronic low-grade inflammation contributes to diseases associated with fat tissue metabolism such as obesity and diabetes by the disturbed production of adipose tissue proteins, both pro- and anti-inflammatory. Interleukin-4 (IL-4) is one of the main inflammatory cytokines that activates Th2-dependent immune response and its increased expression was observed in the course of diseases characterized by chronic low-grade systemic inflammation such as obesity and asthma. We aimed to investigate if IL-4 may influence lipid metabolism and inflammatory responses in primary mature rat adipocytes. Mature adipocytes were isolated from male Wistar rats in incubated with IL-4 at three concentrations. We measured lipogenesis and lipolysis as well as the expression of selected genes using ddCt method was used to calculate relative gene expression. Protein level in tissue was analyzed using Western blot. Protein concentration in cell medium was analyzed using ELISA. Statistical analysis was done using GraphPad Prism 5 software. In primary cell model, we found that IL-4 stimulated lipogenesis and inhibited lipolysis in mature rat adipocytes. It also stimulated the expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines produced by adipocytes and decreased the expression of anti-inflammatory protein, adiponectin. Moreover, we found increased expression of inflammatory cytokines and transcription factors associated with Th2 response. Our observations suggest that low-grade inflammation enhances fat accumulation and significantly alters adipocyte metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dawid Szczepankiewicz
- Department of Animal Physiology and Biochemistry, Poznań University of Life Sciences, Wołyńska 35 St., 60-637 Poznań, Poland.
| | - Marek Skrzypski
- Department of Animal Physiology and Biochemistry, Poznań University of Life Sciences, Wołyńska 35 St., 60-637 Poznań, Poland
| | - Ewa Pruszyńska-Oszmałek
- Department of Animal Physiology and Biochemistry, Poznań University of Life Sciences, Wołyńska 35 St., 60-637 Poznań, Poland
| | - Paweł A Kołodziejski
- Department of Animal Physiology and Biochemistry, Poznań University of Life Sciences, Wołyńska 35 St., 60-637 Poznań, Poland
| | - Maciej Sassek
- Department of Animal Physiology and Biochemistry, Poznań University of Life Sciences, Wołyńska 35 St., 60-637 Poznań, Poland
| | - Barbara Stefańska
- Department of Animal Nutrition and Feed Management, Poznań University of Life Sciences, Wołyńska 33 St., 60-637 Poznań, Poland
| | - Krzysztof W Nowak
- Department of Animal Physiology and Biochemistry, Poznań University of Life Sciences, Wołyńska 35 St., 60-637 Poznań, Poland
| | - Aleksandra Szczepankiewicz
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cell Biology, Department of Pediatric Pulmonology, Allergy and Clinical Immunology, IIIrd Department of Pediatrics, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Szpitalna 27/33 60-572 Poznań, Poland
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25
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El-Boghdady NA, Ismail MF, Abd-Alhameed MF, Ahmed AS, Ahmed HH. Bidirectional Association Between Psoriasis and Obesity: Benefits and Risks. J Interferon Cytokine Res 2017; 38:12-19. [PMID: 29252076 DOI: 10.1089/jir.2017.0105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Psoriasis is a chronic, immune-mediated inflammatory skin disease that is associated with several comorbidities such as obesity. This study was designed to estimate the possibility of utilizing psoriasin, nestin, keratin-16 (Krt16), and interleukin-21 (IL-21) as biochemical markers of psoriasis, to correlate these candidate psoriatic markers with biomarkers of obesity [body mass index (BMI), leptin, and resistin], and to elucidate the bidirectional association between obesity and psoriasis. Blood samples were collected from all participants (n = 108) who were classified according to their BMI into 4 groups: healthy control, obese, psoriatic, and obese psoriatic group. Plasma psoriasin, nestin, Krt16, IL-21, leptin, and resistin were estimated for all subjects. Psoriasin, nestin, Krt16, IL-21, leptin, and resistin were significantly elevated in psoriatic and obese psoriatic groups. However, only leptin, resistin, IL-21, and Krt16 were significantly increased in the obese group compared with the control group. Leptin and resistin showed significant positive correlations with psoriasis area and severity index score, psoriasin, nestin, Krt16, and IL-21. Cutoff values for psoriasin, nestin, Krt16, and IL-21 were 187.5 ng/mL, 1825 pg/mL, 33.1 ng/mL, and 128.6 ng/L, respectively. In conclusion, psoriasin, nestin, Krt16, and IL-21 can be utilized as biochemical markers of psoriasis; these psoriatic markers are significantly positively correlated with obesity biomarkers, and obesity can be considered a risk factor and/or consequence of psoriasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noha A El-Boghdady
- 1 Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University , Cairo, Egypt
| | - Manal F Ismail
- 1 Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University , Cairo, Egypt
| | | | - Amira S Ahmed
- 3 Hormone Department, National Research Centre , Cairo, Egypt
| | - Hanaa H Ahmed
- 3 Hormone Department, National Research Centre , Cairo, Egypt
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26
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Schendel SA. Autologous Adipose-Derived Tissue Matrix Part I: Biologic Characteristics. Aesthet Surg J 2017; 37:1062-1068. [PMID: 28510634 DOI: 10.1093/asj/sjx059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Autologous collagen is an ideal soft tissue filler and may serve as a matrix for stem cell implantation and growth. Procurement of autologous collagen has been limited, though, secondary to a sufficient source. Liposuction is a widely performed and could be a source of autologous collagen. OBJECTIVES The amount of collagen and its composition in liposuctioned fat remains unknown. The purpose of this research was to characterize an adipose-derived tissue-based product created using ultrasonic cavitation and cryo-grinding. This study evaluated the cellular and protein composition of the final product. METHODS Fat was obtained from individuals undergoing routine liposuction and was processed by a 2 step process to obtain only the connective tissue. The tissue was then evaluated by scanning electronic microscope, Western blot analysis, and flow cytometry. RESULTS Liposuctioned fat was obtained from 10 individuals with an average of 298 mL per subject. After processing an average of 1 mL of collagen matrix was obtained from each 100 mL of fat. Significant viable cell markers were present in descending order for adipocytes > CD90+ > CD105+ > CD45+ > CD19+ > CD144+ > CD34+. Western blot analysis showed collagen type II, III, IV, and other proteins. Scanning electronic microscope study showed a regular pattern of cross-linked, helical collagen. Additionally, vital staing demonstrated that the cells were still viable after processing. CONCLUSIONS Collagen and cells can be easily obtained from liposuctioned fat by ultrasonic separation without alteration of the overall cellular composition of the tissue. Implantation results in new collagen and cellular growth. Collagen matrix with viable cells for autologous use can be obtained from liposuctioned fat and may provide long term results. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE 5.
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27
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Pradhan RN, Zachara M, Deplancke B. A systems perspective on brown adipogenesis and metabolic activation. Obes Rev 2017; 18 Suppl 1:65-81. [PMID: 28164456 DOI: 10.1111/obr.12512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2016] [Accepted: 12/12/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Brown adipocytes regulate energy expenditure via mitochondrial uncoupling. This makes these fat cells attractive therapeutic targets to tackle the burgeoning issue of obesity, which itself is coupled to insulin resistance, type 2 diabetes, cardiovascular and fatty liver disease. Recent research has revealed a complex network underlying brown fat cell differentiation and thermogenic activation, involving secreted factors, signal transduction, metabolic pathways and gene regulatory components. Given that brown fat is now reported to be present in adult humans, it is desirable to harness the knowledge from each network module to design effective therapeutic strategies. In this review, we will present a systems perspective on brown adipogenesis and the subsequent metabolic activation of brown adipocytes by integrating signaling, metabolic and gene regulatory modules with a specific focus on known 'druggable' targets within each module.
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Affiliation(s)
- R N Pradhan
- Institute of Bioengineering, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland.,Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - M Zachara
- Institute of Bioengineering, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland.,Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - B Deplancke
- Institute of Bioengineering, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland.,Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, Lausanne, Switzerland
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28
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Bricambert J, Favre D, Brajkovic S, Bonnefond A, Boutry R, Salvi R, Plaisance V, Chikri M, Chinetti-Gbaguidi G, Staels B, Giusti V, Caiazzo R, Pattou F, Waeber G, Froguel P, Abderrahmani A. Impaired histone deacetylases 5 and 6 expression mimics the effects of obesity and hypoxia on adipocyte function. Mol Metab 2016; 5:1200-1207. [PMID: 27900262 PMCID: PMC5123204 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmet.2016.09.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2016] [Revised: 09/23/2016] [Accepted: 09/27/2016] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective The goal of the study was to investigate the role of histone deacetylases (HDACs) in adipocyte function associated with obesity and hypoxia. Methods Total proteins and RNA were prepared from human visceral adipose tissues (VAT) of human obese and normal weight subjects and from white adipose tissue (WAT) of C57Bl6-Rj mice fed a normal or high fat diet (HFD) for 16 weeks. HDAC activity was measured by colorimetric assay whereas the gene and protein expression were monitored by real-time PCR and by western blotting, respectively. RNA interference (RNAi) was used to silence the expression of genes in 3T3-L1 adipocytes. Results Total HDAC activity was decreased in VAT and WAT from obese individuals and from mice fed a HFD, respectively. The HDAC activity reduction was associated with decreased HDAC5/Hdac5 and HDAC6/Hdac6 expression in human and mice adipocyte fraction. Similarly, hypoxia hampered total Hdac activity and reduced the expression of Hdac5 and Hdac6 in 3T3-L1 adipocytes. The decrease of both Hdac5 and Hdac6 by hypoxia was associated with altered expression of adipokines and of the inducible cAMP early repressor (Icer), a key repressor that is defective in human and mice obesity. Silencing of Icer in adipocytes reproduced the changes in adipokine levels under hypoxia and obesity, suggesting a causative effect. Finally, modeling the defect of the two Hdacs in adipocytes by RNAi or selective inhibitors mimicked the effects of hypoxia on the expression of Icer, leading to impairment of insulin-induced glucose uptake. Conclusion Hdac5 and Hdac6 expression are required for the adequate expression of Icer and adipocyte function. Altered adipose expression of the two Hdacs in obesity by hypoxia may contribute to the development of metabolic abnormalities. Impaired adipose HDAC activity in human obese subjects and obese mice. HDAC5 and HDAC6 expression is reduced in adipocytes of obese mice and human. The expression of HDAC5, HDAC6 and ICER is altered by hypoxia in 3T3-L1 adipocytes. ICER regulates hypoxia-sensitive adipokines expression. Hdac5 and Hdac6 control the expression of ICER and glucose uptake in adipocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julien Bricambert
- Univ. Lille, CNRS, Institut Pasteur de Lille, UMR 8199 - EGID, F-59000 Lille, France
| | - Dimitri Favre
- Service of Internal Medicine, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois and University of Lausanne, CH-1011 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Saška Brajkovic
- Univ. Lille, CNRS, Institut Pasteur de Lille, UMR 8199 - EGID, F-59000 Lille, France; Service of Internal Medicine, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois and University of Lausanne, CH-1011 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Amélie Bonnefond
- Univ. Lille, CNRS, Institut Pasteur de Lille, UMR 8199 - EGID, F-59000 Lille, France
| | - Raphael Boutry
- Univ. Lille, CNRS, Institut Pasteur de Lille, UMR 8199 - EGID, F-59000 Lille, France
| | - Roberto Salvi
- Univ. Lille, CNRS, Institut Pasteur de Lille, UMR 8199 - EGID, F-59000 Lille, France
| | - Valérie Plaisance
- Univ. Lille, CNRS, Institut Pasteur de Lille, UMR 8199 - EGID, F-59000 Lille, France
| | - Mohamed Chikri
- Qatar Biomedical Research Institute, Hamad Bin Khalifa University, Qatar Foundation, P.O. Box 5825, Doha, Qatar; Univ. Sidi Mohammed Ben Abdellah, FMPF, Fes, Morocco
| | - Giulia Chinetti-Gbaguidi
- Univ. Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1011 - EGID, F-59000 Lille, France; Inserm, U 1081, Institute for Research on Cancer and Aging of Nice (IRCAN), University of Nice-Sophia Antipolis, Nice and Clinical Chemistry Laboratory, University Hospital, Nice, France
| | - Bart Staels
- Univ. Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1011 - EGID, F-59000 Lille, France
| | - Vittorio Giusti
- Metabolic Center, Fribourg Hospital HFR, Fribourg, Switzerland
| | - Robert Caiazzo
- Univ. Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, U1190 - EGID, F-59000 Lille, France
| | - François Pattou
- Univ. Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, U1190 - EGID, F-59000 Lille, France
| | - Gérard Waeber
- Service of Internal Medicine, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois and University of Lausanne, CH-1011 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Philippe Froguel
- Univ. Lille, CNRS, Institut Pasteur de Lille, UMR 8199 - EGID, F-59000 Lille, France; Department of Genomic of Common Disease, Imperial College London, UK
| | - Amar Abderrahmani
- Univ. Lille, CNRS, Institut Pasteur de Lille, UMR 8199 - EGID, F-59000 Lille, France; Department of Genomic of Common Disease, Imperial College London, UK.
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Navarro Díaz M. Consequences of morbid obesity on the kidney. Where are we going? Clin Kidney J 2016; 9:782-787. [PMID: 27994854 PMCID: PMC5162416 DOI: 10.1093/ckj/sfw094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2016] [Accepted: 08/03/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Obesity and morbid obesity are modifiable risk factors for the development and progression of kidney disease. Obesity has reached epidemic proportions and is currently an important health problem in Europe, so it is necessary to develop therapeutic and preventive strategies. The obesity-related glomerulopathy has been defined as a secondary form of focal segmental glomerulosclerosis, and its most characteristic feature is glomerulomegaly. The renal evolution of patients with obesity-related glomerulopathy (ORG) who have not been treated is unfavourable. However, morbidly obese patients with ORG that underwent bariatric surgery and drastic weight loss had a better outcome. Many inflammatory factors have been implicated in the pathogenic mechanism of renal disease in obesity. Hypoadiponectinaemia, hyperleptinaemia and hyperaldosteronism have been associated with glomerular injury in obese patients. The application of modern techniques has provided important insights that increase the current understanding of ORG. However, further investigation is needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maruja Navarro Díaz
- Department of Nephrology, Hospital Universitari Germans Trias i Pujol, Universitat, Autònoma de Barcelona, Esfera UAB, Badalona, Spain
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Wedekind L, Belkacemi L. Altered cytokine network in gestational diabetes mellitus affects maternal insulin and placental-fetal development. J Diabetes Complications 2016; 30:1393-400. [PMID: 27230834 DOI: 10.1016/j.jdiacomp.2016.05.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2016] [Revised: 04/16/2016] [Accepted: 05/09/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Pregnancy is characterized by an altered inflammatory profile, compared to the non-pregnant state with an adequate balance between pro-and anti-inflammatory cytokines needed for normal development. Cytokines are small secreted proteins expressed mainly in immunocompetent cells in the reproductive system. From early developmental stages onward, the secretory activity of placenta cells clearly contributes to increase local as well as systemic levels of cytokines. The placental production of cytokines may affect mother and fetus independently. In turn because of this unique position at the maternal fetal interface, the placenta is also exposed to the regulatory influence of cytokines from maternal and fetal circulations, and hence, may be affected by changes in any of these. Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is associated with an overall alteration of the cytokine network. This review discusses the changes that occur in cytokines post GDM and their negative effects on maternal insulin and placental-fetal development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lauren Wedekind
- Stanford University, Program in Human Biology, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
| | - Louiza Belkacemi
- University of Houston, Departments of Biology and Biochemistry, Houston, TX, 77204, USA.
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Manna P, Jain SK. Obesity, Oxidative Stress, Adipose Tissue Dysfunction, and the Associated Health Risks: Causes and Therapeutic Strategies. Metab Syndr Relat Disord 2016; 13:423-44. [PMID: 26569333 DOI: 10.1089/met.2015.0095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 612] [Impact Index Per Article: 76.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Obesity is gaining acceptance as a serious primary health burden that impairs the quality of life because of its associated complications, including diabetes, cardiovascular diseases, cancer, asthma, sleep disorders, hepatic dysfunction, renal dysfunction, and infertility. It is a complex metabolic disorder with a multifactorial origin. Growing evidence suggests that oxidative stress plays a role as the critical factor linking obesity with its associated complications. Obesity per se can induce systemic oxidative stress through various biochemical mechanisms, such as superoxide generation from NADPH oxidases, oxidative phosphorylation, glyceraldehyde auto-oxidation, protein kinase C activation, and polyol and hexosamine pathways. Other factors that also contribute to oxidative stress in obesity include hyperleptinemia, low antioxidant defense, chronic inflammation, and postprandial reactive oxygen species generation. In addition, recent studies suggest that adipose tissue plays a critical role in regulating the pathophysiological mechanisms of obesity and its related co-morbidities. To establish an adequate platform for the prevention of obesity and its associated health risks, understanding the factors that contribute to the cause of obesity is necessary. The most current list of obesity determinants includes genetic factors, dietary intake, physical activity, environmental and socioeconomic factors, eating disorders, and societal influences. On the basis of the currently identified predominant determinants of obesity, a broad range of strategies have been recommended to reduce the prevalence of obesity, such as regular physical activity, ad libitum food intake limiting to certain micronutrients, increased dietary intake of fruits and vegetables, and meal replacements. This review aims to highlight recent findings regarding the role of oxidative stress in the pathogenesis of obesity and its associated risk factors, the role of dysfunctional adipose tissue in development of these risk factors, and potential strategies to regulate body weight loss/gain for better health benefits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prasenjit Manna
- Department of Pediatrics, LSU Health Sciences Center , Shreveport, Louisiana
| | - Sushil K Jain
- Department of Pediatrics, LSU Health Sciences Center , Shreveport, Louisiana
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Association between obesity and asthma - epidemiology, pathophysiology and clinical profile. Nutr Res Rev 2016; 29:194-201. [PMID: 27514726 DOI: 10.1017/s0954422416000111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Obesity is a risk factor for asthma, and obese asthmatics have lower disease control and increased symptom severity. Several putative links have been proposed, including genetics, mechanical restriction of the chest and the intake of corticosteroids. The most consistent evidence, however, comes from studies of cytokines produced by the adipose tissue called adipokines. Adipokine imbalance is associated with both proinflammatory status and asthma. Although reverse causation has been proposed, it is now acknowledged that obesity precedes asthma symptoms. Nevertheless, prenatal origins of both conditions complicate the search for causality. There is a confirmed role of neuro-immune cross-talk mediating obesity-induced asthma, with leptin playing a key role in these processes. Obesity-induced asthma is now considered a distinct asthma phenotype. In fact, it is one of the most important determinants of asthma phenotypes. Two main subphenotypes have been distinguished. The first phenotype, which affects adult women, is characterised by later onset and is more likely to be non-atopic. The childhood obesity-induced asthma phenotype is characterised by primary and predominantly atopic asthma. In obesity-induced asthma, the immune responses are shifted towards T helper (Th) 1 polarisation rather than the typical atopic Th2 immunological profile. Moreover, obese asthmatics might respond differently to environmental triggers. The high cost of treatment of obesity-related asthma, and the burden it causes for the patients and their families call for urgent intervention. Phenotype-specific approaches seem to be crucial for the success of prevention and treatment.
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Cazeau RM, Rauch L, Huang H, Bauer JA, Hoffman RP. Increased Pre- and Post-Meal Free Fatty Acid Levels in Black, Obese Adolescents. Metab Syndr Relat Disord 2016; 14:340-6. [PMID: 27419255 DOI: 10.1089/met.2015.0122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Black adolescents are at increased risk of cardiometabolic disease but have lower fasting triglyceride, which is usually associated with decreased risk. No one has studied racial differences in triglycerides or free fatty acids (FFAs) after a high-fat meal. METHODS Oral glucose tolerance testing was used to assess insulin secretion, sensitivity, and disposition index (DI). Endothelial function, triglycerides, FFA, c-reactive protein, interleukin 6 (IL6), and adiponectin were measured both pre- and 3 hr postprandially (McDonald's Big Breakfast(®) and 12 ounce Sprite(®)) in obese adolescents (10-13 years, 9 black and 7 white). Endothelial function was assessed using reactive hyperemic changes in forearm vascular resistance (FVR). RESULTS Oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) showed no difference in insulin sensitivity, but blacks tended to have (P = 0.08) higher insulin secretion and had increased DI (P = 0.003). After a high-fat meal, triglycerides increased in both groups (P < 0.001), tended to be lower in blacks compared with whites preprandially (64 ± 33 mg/dL vs 110 ± 80, P = 0.064), and was lower postprandially (112 ± 63 vs 188 ± 112, P = 0.039). Pre- and postprandial FFA (Black: 0.58 ± 0.15 and 0.39 ± 0.18 vs. white: 0.44 ± 0.14 and 0.26 ± 0.06, P = 0.020) and adiponectin (P = 0.002) were increased in blacks. FFA decreased in both groups postprandially (P = 0.002). IL6 increased after the meal (P = 0.022). Endothelial function decreased postprandially (P < 0.02), but this was due to a decrease in preocclusion FVR. CONCLUSIONS These results indicate that differences in fat metabolism are present in both black and white obese adolescents. How these differences explain higher rates of cardiometabolic disease in blacks is unclear.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel-Marie Cazeau
- 1 Section of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Diabetes, Nationwide Children's Hospital , Columbus, Ohio.,2 Division of Pediatric Endocrinology, Metabolism and Diabetes, Department of Pediatrics, the Clinical Research Center of The Ohio State University College of Medicine and Public Health , Columbus, Ohio
| | - Lindsey Rauch
- 1 Section of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Diabetes, Nationwide Children's Hospital , Columbus, Ohio.,2 Division of Pediatric Endocrinology, Metabolism and Diabetes, Department of Pediatrics, the Clinical Research Center of The Ohio State University College of Medicine and Public Health , Columbus, Ohio
| | - Hong Huang
- 3 Department of Pediatrics, University of Kentucky , Lexington, Kentucky
| | - John A Bauer
- 3 Department of Pediatrics, University of Kentucky , Lexington, Kentucky
| | - Robert P Hoffman
- 1 Section of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Diabetes, Nationwide Children's Hospital , Columbus, Ohio.,2 Division of Pediatric Endocrinology, Metabolism and Diabetes, Department of Pediatrics, the Clinical Research Center of The Ohio State University College of Medicine and Public Health , Columbus, Ohio.,4 Research Institute, Nationwide Children's Hospital , Columbus, Ohio
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Seo MJ, Seo YJ, Pan CH, Lee OH, Kim KJ, Lee BY. Fucoxanthin Suppresses Lipid Accumulation and ROS Production During Differentiation in 3T3-L1 Adipocytes. Phytother Res 2016; 30:1802-1808. [DOI: 10.1002/ptr.5683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2016] [Revised: 06/08/2016] [Accepted: 06/21/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Min-Jung Seo
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology; CHA University; Seongnam Korea
| | - Young-Jin Seo
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology; CHA University; Seongnam Korea
| | - Cheol-Ho Pan
- Laboratory of Biomodulation, Natural Products Research Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST); Gangneung 25451 Korea
| | - Ok-Hwan Lee
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology; Kangwon National University; Chuncheon South Korea
| | - Kui-Jin Kim
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology; CHA University; Seongnam Korea
| | - Boo-Yong Lee
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology; CHA University; Seongnam Korea
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Shi KL, Qian JY, Qi L, Mao DB, Chen Y, Zhu Y, Guo XG. Atorvastatin antagonizes the visfatin-induced expression of inflammatory mediators via the upregulation of NF-κB activation in HCAECs. Oncol Lett 2016; 12:1438-1444. [PMID: 27446449 PMCID: PMC4950623 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2016.4796] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2014] [Accepted: 06/07/2016] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The present study investigated whether atorvastatin antagonizes the visfatin-induced expression of inflammatory mediators in human coronary artery endothelial cells (HCAECs). Several analysis methods, such as reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction, western blot analysis and H2DCFDA incubation, were used in the present study. The data showed that atorvastatin decreased the visfatin-induced expression of interleukin (IL)-6 and IL-8 in HCAECs. In addition, atorvastatin inhibited the visfatin-induced expression of intercellular adhesion molecule-1 and vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 in HCAECs. In addition, the present study found that atorvastatin inhibited the visfatin-activated nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) signal pathway by preventing extracellular signal-regulated kinase phosphorylation in HCAECs. Atorvastatin significantly inhibited visfatin-induced NF-κB activity via the upregulation of reactive oxygen species production. Atorvastatin, a visfatin antagonist (FK866) and an NF-κB inhibitor (BAY11-7082) decreased the visfatin-induced expression of inflammatory mediators via the upregulation of NF-κB activation in HCAECs. These results suggest that atorvastatin may inhibit the visfatin-induced upregulation of inflammatory mediators through blocking the NF-κB signal pathway. The findings of the present study provide a potential use for atorvastatin and visfatin in the pathogenesis of HCAEC dysfunction. This knowledge may contribute to the development of novel therapies for atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai-Lei Shi
- Department of Cardiology, Huadong Hospital Affiliated to Fudan University, Shanghai 200040, P.R. China
| | - Ju-Ying Qian
- Department of Cardiology, Zhongshan Hospital Affiliated to Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, P.R. China
| | - Lin Qi
- Department of Radiology, Huadong Hospital Affiliated to Fudan Universtiy, Shanghai 200040, P.R. China
| | - Ding-Biao Mao
- Department of Radiology, Huadong Hospital Affiliated to Fudan Universtiy, Shanghai 200040, P.R. China
| | - Yang Chen
- Department of Cardiology, Huadong Hospital Affiliated to Fudan University, Shanghai 200040, P.R. China
| | - Yi Zhu
- Department of Cardiology, Huadong Hospital Affiliated to Fudan University, Shanghai 200040, P.R. China
| | - Xin-Gui Guo
- Department of Cardiology, Huadong Hospital Affiliated to Fudan University, Shanghai 200040, P.R. China
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Ayina CNA, Noubiap JJN, Etoundi Ngoa LS, Boudou P, Gautier JF, Mengnjo MK, Mbanya JC, Sobngwi E. Association of serum leptin and adiponectin with anthropomorphic indices of obesity, blood lipids and insulin resistance in a Sub-Saharan African population. Lipids Health Dis 2016; 15:96. [PMID: 27189377 PMCID: PMC4869296 DOI: 10.1186/s12944-016-0264-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2015] [Accepted: 05/09/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND There is little data on the metabolic effects of adipokines in sub-Saharan African populations. This study aimed to explore the potential relationship of leptin and adiponectin, with obesity, plasma lipids and insulin resistance in a Cameroonian population. METHODS We enrolled 167 men and 309 women aged ≥18 years from the general population in Cameroon. Data were collected on waist circumference (WC), body mass index (BMI), waist-to-hip ratio (WHR), body fat (BF%), fasting blood glucose, plasma lipids, adiponectin, leptin, insulin and homeostasis model for assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR). Pearson's correlation and multiple stepwise linear regression analyses were used to determine correlates of leptin and adiponectin serum levels. RESULTS The prevalence of obesity was higher in women compared to men (p < 0.0001), and Central obesity which is more prevalent particularly in women (WC = 42.4%, WHR = 42.3%), is almost for 90% comparable to %BF (42.7%). Adiponectin negatively with BMI (r = -0.294, p < 0.0001), WC (r = -0.294, p < 0.0001), %BF (r = -0.122, p = 0.028), WHR (r = -0.143, p = 0.009), triglycerides (r = -0.141, p = 0.011), HOMA-IR (r = -0.145, p = 0.027) and insulin (r = -0.130, p = 0.048). Leptin positively correlated with BMI (r = 0.628), WC (r = 0.530), BF% (r = 0.720), (all p < 0.0001); with DBP (r = 0.112, p = 0.043), total cholesterol (r = 0.324, p < 0.0001), LDL-cholesterol (r = 0.298, p < 0.0001), insulin (r = 0.320, p < 0.001 and HOMA-IR (r = 0.272, p < 0.0001). In multiple stepwise regression analysis, adiponectin was negatively associated with WC (β = -0.38, p = 0.001) and BF% (β = 0.33, p < 0.0001), while leptin was positively associated with BF% (β = 0.60, p < 0.0001), total cholesterol (β = 0.11, p = 0.02) and HOMA-IR (β = 0.11, p = 0.02). When controlled for gender, HOMA-IR was found significantly associated to adiponectin (β = 0.13, p = 0.046), but not BF%, while the association previously found between leptin and HOMA-IR disappeared; BMI and WC were significantly associated with leptin (β = 0.18, p = 0.04 & β = 0.19, p = 0.02 respectively). CONCLUSION This study, which includes a population who was not receiving potentially confounding medications, confirms the associations previously observed of adiponectin with reduced adiposity especially central adiposity and improved insulin sensitivity. Confirmatory associations were also observed between leptin and obesity, blood lipids and insulin resistance for the first time in an African population. Gender was significant covariate interacting with insulin sensitivity/insulin resistance and obesity indexes associations in this population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clarisse Noël A Ayina
- Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Science, University of Douala, Douala, Cameroon.
| | - Jean Jacques N Noubiap
- Department of Medicine, Groote Schuur Hospital and University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa.,Medical Diagnostic Center, Yaounde, Cameroon
| | - Laurent Serge Etoundi Ngoa
- Department of Animal Science, Higher Teacher's Training College, University of Yaoundé I, Yaounde, Cameroon
| | - Philippe Boudou
- Department of Hormonal Biology, Saint-Louis Hospital, Public Assistance - Paris Hospitals, University Paris-Diderot Paris-7, Paris, France
| | - Jean François Gautier
- Department of Diabetes and Endocrinology, Lariboisiere Hospital, Public Assistance - Paris Hospitals, University Paris-Diderot Paris-7, Paris, France.,INSERM UMRS 1138, Cordeliers Research Centre, University Pierre et Marie Curie-Paris 6, Paris, France
| | - Michel Karngong Mengnjo
- Department of Internal Medicine and Specialties, Faculty of Medicine and Biomedical Science, University of Yaoundé I, Yaounde, Cameroon
| | - Jean Claude Mbanya
- Department of Internal Medicine and Specialties, Faculty of Medicine and Biomedical Science, University of Yaoundé I, Yaounde, Cameroon.,Laboratory for Molecular Medicine and Metabolism, Biotechnology Center, University of Yaoundé I, Yaounde, Cameroon.,National Obesity Center, Yaoundé Central Hospital, Yaounde, Cameroon
| | - Eugene Sobngwi
- Department of Internal Medicine and Specialties, Faculty of Medicine and Biomedical Science, University of Yaoundé I, Yaounde, Cameroon.,Laboratory for Molecular Medicine and Metabolism, Biotechnology Center, University of Yaoundé I, Yaounde, Cameroon.,National Obesity Center, Yaoundé Central Hospital, Yaounde, Cameroon
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Lee HJ, Kim SH, Kim EY, Lee NY, Yu HY, Kim YS, Ahn YM. Leptin is associated with mood status and metabolic homeostasis in patients with bipolar disorder. Neuropsychobiology 2016; 70:203-9. [PMID: 25471890 DOI: 10.1159/000366488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2014] [Accepted: 08/05/2014] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Patients with bipolar disorder are at a high risk for becoming obese. Adipokines are associated with depression and obesity via the inflammatory process. However, few studies have investigated the associations between depression and leptin, adiponectin and resistin levels in patients with bipolar disorder. We explored the associations between serum levels of leptin, adiponectin and resistin and mood and metabolic status in patients with bipolar disorder. METHODS Body mass index (BMI) and serum leptin, adiponectin and resistin levels were assessed in 94 Korean patients with bipolar disorder. The Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression-17 and the Young Mania Rating Scale were used to assess mood state. RESULTS Leptin (17.19 ± 13.08 vs. 10.47 ± 10.05 ng/ml; p = 0.008) and adiponectin (10.51 ± 8.37 vs. 5.91 ± 2.82 μg/ml; p = 0.001) levels were higher in female than in male patients. After adjusting for mood state, age, smoking, alcohol habit, and BMI in a multivariate analysis of covariance (MANCOVA), leptin (17.86 ± 1.22 vs. 10.05 ± 1.48 ng/ml; p < 0.001) and adiponectin (10.18 ± 0.98 vs. 6.40 ± 1.19 μg/ml; p = 0.027) levels were still higher in female than in male patients. Compared to euthymic patients, depressed patients had higher levels of leptin (17.37 ± 14.69 vs. 11.65 ± 9.04 ng/ml; p = 0.024), but there was no significant difference in adiponectin and resistin levels between the two groups. After adjusting for age, gender and BMI in the MANCOVA, leptin levels were also significantly higher in depressed (16.78 ± 1.34 ng/ml) than in euthymic patients (10.73 ± 1.22 ng/ml; p = 0.001). CONCLUSION Leptin is closely associated with the regulation of mood and metabolic homeostasis in patients with bipolar disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyun Jeong Lee
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Korea
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Ekmen N, Helvaci A, Gunaldi M, Sasani H, Yildirmak ST. Leptin as an important link between obesity and cardiovascular risk factors in men with acute myocardial infarction. Indian Heart J 2016; 68:132-7. [PMID: 27133319 DOI: 10.1016/j.ihj.2015.07.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2015] [Revised: 05/12/2015] [Accepted: 07/16/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The levels of leptin, a major regulator of lipid metabolism, may increase in obesity, and contribute to the development of metabolic syndrome. Leptin is produced by adipose tissue and is a peptide hormone, which has strong association with obesity, elevated cardiovascular risk, and morbidity. The present study was designed to evaluate the relationships between leptin levels, obesity, and cardiovascular risk factors in men with acute myocardial infarction. METHODS AND RESULTS Twenty-four obese and twenty-three nonobese male patients, who had experienced their first myocardial infarction, were included in the study. Their leptin levels, biochemical parameters, and anthropometric measures were obtained. Mean leptin levels were significantly higher in the obese group compared to the nonobese group (2.53ng/mL versus 1.23ng/mL; p<0.01). Leptin levels correlated positively with anthropometric measurements, triglyceride, fasting glucose, C-reactive protein, and uric acid levels, and negatively with high-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels. CONCLUSION Findings indicate high leptin levels to be positively correlated with obesity and diastolic blood pressure in male patients with myocardial infarction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nergis Ekmen
- Medical Doctor, Okmeydani Training and Research Hospital, 2(nd) Clinic of Internal Medicine, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Aysen Helvaci
- Assistant Professor, Okmeydani Training and Research Hospital, 2(nd) Clinic of Internal Medicine, Istanbul, Turkey.
| | - Meral Gunaldi
- Medical Doctor, Okmeydani Training and Research Hospital, 2(nd) Clinic of Internal Medicine, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Hadi Sasani
- Medical Doctor, Egirdir Bone-Joint Diseases Treatment and Rehabilitation Hospital, Department of Radiology, Isparta, Turkey
| | - Sembol Turkmen Yildirmak
- Medical Doctor, Okmeydani Training and Research Hospital, Clinical Biochemistry Laboratory, Istanbul, Turkey
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Parimala M, Debjani M, Vasanthi HR, Shoba FG. Nymphaea nouchali Burm. f. hydroalcoholic seed extract increases glucose consumption in 3T3-L1 adipocytes through activation of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma and insulin sensitization. J Adv Pharm Technol Res 2015; 6:183-9. [PMID: 26605160 PMCID: PMC4630726 DOI: 10.4103/2231-4040.165013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Nymphaea nouchali Burm. f. (Family – Nymphaeaceae) is a well-known medicinal plant used in the Indian ayurvedic system of medicine for treating diabetes. The seeds especially have been prescribed for diabetes. The hydroalcoholic extract of N. nouchali seeds has been demonstrated to possess anti-hyperglycemic effects in diabetic rats, but the functional mechanism remains unknown. The nuclear receptor, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARγ) is noted to play an important role in glucose and lipid homeostasis. This study was hence focused in evaluating the effect of the extract on PPARγ activation, adipocyte differentiation, and glucose consumption in 3T3-L1 cells. Cell viability was assessed by 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyl tetrazolium bromide (MTT), followed by adipogenesis assay using Oil Red O technique. Glucose consumption of preadipocytes and adipocytes in the presence of the extract was also determined. Real-time polymerase chain reaction was performed to identify the expression of genes involved in glucose consumption in the adipocytes. MTT assay confirmed the extract to be nontoxic, and Oil Red O staining confirmed enhanced adipocyte differentiation of 3T3-L1 cells in a dose-dependent manner. The extract also increased the expression of PPARγ target gene, which in turn enhanced the expression of GLUT-4. The data, therefore, suggests that N. nouchali seed extract promotes adipocyte differentiation and glucose consumption by inducing PPARγ activation, which in turn increases mRNA GLUT-4 expression and subsequently enhances insulin-responsiveness in insulin target tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mabel Parimala
- Department of Zoology, Voorhees College, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - M Debjani
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Pondicherry University, Puducherry, India
| | - Hannah Rachel Vasanthi
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Pondicherry University, Puducherry, India
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Mellendijk L, Wiesmann M, Kiliaan AJ. Impact of Nutrition on Cerebral Circulation and Cognition in the Metabolic Syndrome. Nutrients 2015; 7:9416-39. [PMID: 26580647 PMCID: PMC4663605 DOI: 10.3390/nu7115477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2015] [Revised: 10/12/2015] [Accepted: 11/03/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The increasing prevalence of Metabolic Syndrome (MetS), defined as the clustering of abdominal obesity, dyslipidemia, hypertension, and hyperglycemia, appears to be driving the global epidemics cardiovascular disease (CVD) and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Nutrition has a major impact on MetS and plays an important role in the prevention, development, and treatment of its features. Structural and functional alterations in the vasculature, associated with MetS, might form the link between MetS and the increased risk of developing CVD and T2DM. Not only does the peripheral vasculature seem to be affected, but the syndrome has a profound impact on the cerebral circulation and thence brain structure as well. Furthermore, strong associations are shown with stroke, cognitive impairment, and dementia. In this review the impact of nutrition on the individual components of MetS, the effects of MetS on peripheral and cerebral vasculature, and its consequences for brain structure and function will be discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Mellendijk
- Department of Anatomy, Radboud University Medical Center, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Nijmegen 6500 HB, The Netherlands.
| | - Maximilian Wiesmann
- Department of Anatomy & Geriatric Medicine, Radboud University Medical Center, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Nijmegen 6500 HB, The Netherlands.
| | - Amanda J Kiliaan
- Department of Anatomy, Radboud University Medical Center, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Nijmegen 6500 HB, The Netherlands.
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Shin JH, Kim IY, Kim YN, Shin SM, Roh KJ, Lee SH, Sohn M, Cho SY, Lee SH, Ko CY, Kim HS, Choi CS, Bae YS, Seong JK. Obesity Resistance and Enhanced Insulin Sensitivity in Ahnak-/- Mice Fed a High Fat Diet Are Related to Impaired Adipogenesis and Increased Energy Expenditure. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0139720. [PMID: 26466345 PMCID: PMC4605776 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0139720] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2015] [Accepted: 09/16/2015] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective Recent evidence has suggested that AHNAK expression is altered in obesity, although its role in adipose tissue development remains unclear. The objective of this study was to determine the molecular mechanism by which Ahnak influences adipogenesis and glucose homeostasis. Design We investigated the in vitro role of AHNAK in adipogenesis using adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells (ADSCs) and C3H10T1/2 cells. AHNAK-KO male mice were fed a high-fat diet (HFD; 60% calories from fat) and examined for glucose and insulin tolerances, for body fat compositions, and by hyperinsulinemic-euglycemic clamping. Energy expenditures were assessed using metabolic cages and by measuring the expression levels of genes involved in thermogenesis in white or brown adipose tissues. Results Adipogenesis in ADSCs was impaired in AHNAK-KO mice. The loss of AHNAK led to decreased BMP4/SMAD1 signaling, resulting in the downregulation of key regulators of adipocyte differentiation (P<0.05). AHNAK directly interacted with SMAD1 on the Pparγ2 promoter. Concomitantly, HFD-fed AHNAK-KO mice displayed reduced hepatosteatosis and improved metabolic profiles, including improved glucose tolerance (P<0.001), enhanced insulin sensitivity (P<0.001), and increased energy expenditure (P<0.05), without undergoing alterations in food intake and physical activity. Conclusion AHNAK plays a crucial role in body fat accumulation by regulating adipose tissue development via interaction with the SMAD1 protein and can be involved in metabolic homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jae Hoon Shin
- Laboratory of Developmental Biology and Genomics, College of Veterinary Medicine, and BK21 Program for Veterinary Science, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
- Korea Mouse Phenotyping Center (KMPC), Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Il Yong Kim
- Laboratory of Developmental Biology and Genomics, College of Veterinary Medicine, and BK21 Program for Veterinary Science, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
- Korea Mouse Phenotyping Center (KMPC), Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Yo Na Kim
- Laboratory of Developmental Biology and Genomics, College of Veterinary Medicine, and BK21 Program for Veterinary Science, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
- Korea Mouse Phenotyping Center (KMPC), Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Sun Mee Shin
- Division of Life Sciences, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Kyung Jin Roh
- Lee Gil Ya Cancer and Diabetes Institute and Division of Endocrinology Gil Medical Center, Gachon University of Medicine and Science, Incheon, South Korea
| | - Seo Hyun Lee
- Laboratory of Developmental Biology and Genomics, College of Veterinary Medicine, and BK21 Program for Veterinary Science, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
- Korea Mouse Phenotyping Center (KMPC), Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Mira Sohn
- Division of Life Sciences, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Soo Young Cho
- Laboratory of Developmental Biology and Genomics, College of Veterinary Medicine, and BK21 Program for Veterinary Science, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
- Korea Mouse Phenotyping Center (KMPC), Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Sang Hyuk Lee
- Ewha Research Center for Systems Biology, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Chang-Yong Ko
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Health Science, Institute of Medical Engineering, Yonsei University, Wonju, South Korea
| | - Han-Sung Kim
- Laboratory of Developmental Biology and Genomics, College of Veterinary Medicine, and BK21 Program for Veterinary Science, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
- Korea Mouse Phenotyping Center (KMPC), Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Cheol Soo Choi
- Lee Gil Ya Cancer and Diabetes Institute and Division of Endocrinology Gil Medical Center, Gachon University of Medicine and Science, Incheon, South Korea
| | - Yun Soo Bae
- Division of Life Sciences, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, South Korea
- * E-mail: (JKS); (YSB)
| | - Je Kyung Seong
- Laboratory of Developmental Biology and Genomics, College of Veterinary Medicine, and BK21 Program for Veterinary Science, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
- Korea Mouse Phenotyping Center (KMPC), Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
- Interdisciplinary Program for Bioinformatics, Program for Cancer Biology and BIO-MAX Institute, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
- * E-mail: (JKS); (YSB)
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Motawi T, Salman T, Shaker O, Abdelhamid A. Association of polymorphism in adiponectin (+45 T/G) and leptin (-2548 G/A) genes with type 2 diabetes mellitus in male Egyptians. Arch Med Sci 2015; 11:937-44. [PMID: 26528333 PMCID: PMC4624740 DOI: 10.5114/aoms.2015.54848] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2013] [Revised: 08/29/2013] [Accepted: 10/06/2013] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Adiponectin is an adipose tissue-specific protein with insulin-sensitizing properties. Many investigators have explored the association between adiponectin single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) in different ethnic populations from different regions. Leptin is a protein hormone constituting an important signal in the regulation of adipose tissue mass and body weight. The aim of this study was to explore potential associations between SNP +45 T>G of the adiponectin gene and SNP 2548G/A of leptin with T2DM and the effect of SNPs on serum adiponectin and leptin levels. MATERIAL AND METHODS From the Egyptian population, we enrolled 110 T2DM patients and 90 non-diabetic controls. Serum lipid profile, blood glucose, serum adiponectin, and leptin were measured. Genotyping for two common SNPs of the adiponectin and leptin genes was performed by polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism. RESULTS The G allele and TG/GG genotype of SNP 45 occurred more frequently than the T allele and TT genotype in T2DM patients compares to the controls. Subjects with the GG + TG genotype of SNP 45 were at increased risk for T2DM (OR = 6.476; 95% CI: 3.401-12.33) and associated with a low serum adiponectin level compared with the TT genotype. The serum leptin concentration of GA + AA genotype carriers was not significantly different from that of the GG genotype in the diabetic group. CONCLUSIONS The G allele carriers who have reduced plasma concentrations of adiponectin may have an association with T2DM, while leptin SNP 2548 G/A is not associated with the risk of development of T2DM in the Egyptian population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tarek Motawi
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Tarek Salman
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Al Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Olfat Shaker
- Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
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Elattar S, Satyanarayana A. Can Brown Fat Win the Battle Against White Fat? J Cell Physiol 2015; 230:2311-7. [PMID: 25760392 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.24986] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2015] [Accepted: 03/06/2015] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
A rapid growth in the overweight and obese population in the last few decades suggest that the current diet, exercise, awareness or drug strategies are still not effectively restraining the obesity epidemic. Obesity results from increased energy intake, and the body's energy balance shifts towards energy abundance. Therefore, current research is focused on developing new strategies aimed at increasing energy expenditure. As a result, brown adipose tissue (BAT) is receiving tremendous attention since the major function of BAT is to dissipate energy as heat. For example, mouse models that have increased BAT activity or increased numbers of brown-like adipocytes within the white adipose tissue (WAT) are lean and protected from obesity. Alternatively, mouse models that lack BAT activity are more susceptible to age and diet-induced obesity. However, a significant loss of BAT mass during the natural growth process in humans has created enormous challenges in effectively utilizing this tissue to increase energy expenditure. New strategies are primarily focused on expanding the BAT mass and/or activating the existing BAT. In this regard, recent finding that expression of early B cell factor-2 (Ebf2) reprograms the white pre-adipocytes into brown adipocytes is a significant break-through in developing BAT-mediated strategies to treat obesity. Here we review the major biological functions of WAT and BAT, which play critical but opposing roles in the energy spectrum, energy storage versus energy expenditure, and we evaluate whether activation and/or expansion of BAT is practically achievable to treat obesity in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sawsan Elattar
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Molecular Oncology & Biomarkers Program, Georgia Regents University Cancer Center, Georgia Regents University, Room-CN3150, 1410 Laney Walker Blvd., Augusta, Georgia
| | - Ande Satyanarayana
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Molecular Oncology & Biomarkers Program, Georgia Regents University Cancer Center, Georgia Regents University, Room-CN3150, 1410 Laney Walker Blvd., Augusta, Georgia
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Vázquez-Del Mercado M, Guzmán-Ornelas MO, Corona Meraz FI, Ríos-Ibarra CP, Reyes-Serratos EA, Castro-Albarran J, Ruíz-Quezada SL, Navarro-Hernández RE. The 482Ser of PPARGC1A and 12Pro of PPARG2 Alleles Are Associated with Reduction of Metabolic Risk Factors Even Obesity in a Mexican-Mestizo Population. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2015; 2015:285491. [PMID: 26185753 PMCID: PMC4491558 DOI: 10.1155/2015/285491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2014] [Revised: 11/19/2014] [Accepted: 11/23/2014] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between functional polymorphisms Gly482Ser in PPARGC1A and Pro12Ala in PPARG2 with the presence of obesity and metabolic risk factors. We included 375 individuals characterized as Mexican-Mestizos and classified by the body mass index (BMI). Body dimensions and distribution of body fat were measured. The HOMA-IR and adiposity indexes were calculated. Adipokines and metabolic profile quantification were performed by ELISA and routine methods. Genetic polymorphisms were determined by polymerase chain reaction restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis. A difference between obese and nonobese subjects in polymorphism PPARGC1A distribution was observed. Among obese individuals, carriers of genotype 482Gly/Gly were observed to have decreased body fat, BMI, and body fat ratio versus 482Ser/Ser carriers and increased resistin and leptin levels in carriers Gly+ phenotype versus Gly- phenotype. Subjects with PPARG2 Ala- phenotype (genotype 12Pro/Pro) showed a decreased HOMA-IR index versus individuals with Ala+ phenotype (genotypes 12Pro/Ala plus 12Ala/Ala). We propose that, in obese Mexican-Mestizos, the combination of alleles 482Ser in PPARGC1A and 12Pro in PPARG2 represents a reduced metabolic risk profile, even when the adiposity indexes are increased.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mónica Vázquez-Del Mercado
- Instituto de Investigación en Reumatología y del Sistema Musculo Esquelético, Centro Universitario de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Guadalajara, Sierra Mojada No. 950, Colonia Independencia, 44340 Guadalajara, JAL, Mexico
- Centro Universitario de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Guadalajara, Sierra Mojada No. 950, Colonia Independencia, 44340 Guadalajara, JAL, Mexico
- Servicio de Reumatología, Hospital Civil “Dr. Juan I. Menchaca”, Salvador Quevedo y Zubieta No. 750, Colonia Independencia, 44340 Guadalajara, JAL, Mexico
| | - Milton-Omar Guzmán-Ornelas
- Instituto de Investigación en Reumatología y del Sistema Musculo Esquelético, Centro Universitario de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Guadalajara, Sierra Mojada No. 950, Colonia Independencia, 44340 Guadalajara, JAL, Mexico
- Centro Universitario de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Guadalajara, Sierra Mojada No. 950, Colonia Independencia, 44340 Guadalajara, JAL, Mexico
- UDG-CA-701, Grupo de Investigación Inmunometabolismo en Enfermedades Emergentes (GIIEE), Centro Universitario de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Guadalajara, Sierra Mojada No. 950, Colonia Independencia, 44340 Guadalajara, JAL, Mexico
| | - Fernanda-Isadora Corona Meraz
- Centro Universitario de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Guadalajara, Sierra Mojada No. 950, Colonia Independencia, 44340 Guadalajara, JAL, Mexico
- UDG-CA-701, Grupo de Investigación Inmunometabolismo en Enfermedades Emergentes (GIIEE), Centro Universitario de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Guadalajara, Sierra Mojada No. 950, Colonia Independencia, 44340 Guadalajara, JAL, Mexico
| | - Clara-Patricia Ríos-Ibarra
- Tecnológico de Monterrey, Campus Guadalajara, Avenida General Ramón Corona No. 2514, Colonia Nuevo México, 45201 Zapopan, JAL, Mexico
| | - Eduardo-Alejandro Reyes-Serratos
- Tecnológico de Monterrey, Campus Guadalajara, Avenida General Ramón Corona No. 2514, Colonia Nuevo México, 45201 Zapopan, JAL, Mexico
| | - Jorge Castro-Albarran
- UDG-CA-701, Grupo de Investigación Inmunometabolismo en Enfermedades Emergentes (GIIEE), Centro Universitario de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Guadalajara, Sierra Mojada No. 950, Colonia Independencia, 44340 Guadalajara, JAL, Mexico
- Departamento de Farmacobiología, Centro Universitario de Ciencias Exactas e Ingenierías, Universidad de Guadalajara, Boulevard Marcelino García Barragán 1421, 44430 Guadalajara, JAL, Mexico
- HMIELM, Secretaria de Salud Jalisco, Avenida Constituyentes 1075, Colonia Moderna, 44190 Guadalajara, JAL, Mexico
| | - Sandra-Luz Ruíz-Quezada
- UDG-CA-701, Grupo de Investigación Inmunometabolismo en Enfermedades Emergentes (GIIEE), Centro Universitario de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Guadalajara, Sierra Mojada No. 950, Colonia Independencia, 44340 Guadalajara, JAL, Mexico
- Departamento de Farmacobiología, Centro Universitario de Ciencias Exactas e Ingenierías, Universidad de Guadalajara, Boulevard Marcelino García Barragán 1421, 44430 Guadalajara, JAL, Mexico
| | - Rosa-Elena Navarro-Hernández
- Instituto de Investigación en Reumatología y del Sistema Musculo Esquelético, Centro Universitario de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Guadalajara, Sierra Mojada No. 950, Colonia Independencia, 44340 Guadalajara, JAL, Mexico
- Centro Universitario de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Guadalajara, Sierra Mojada No. 950, Colonia Independencia, 44340 Guadalajara, JAL, Mexico
- UDG-CA-701, Grupo de Investigación Inmunometabolismo en Enfermedades Emergentes (GIIEE), Centro Universitario de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Guadalajara, Sierra Mojada No. 950, Colonia Independencia, 44340 Guadalajara, JAL, Mexico
- HMIELM, Secretaria de Salud Jalisco, Avenida Constituyentes 1075, Colonia Moderna, 44190 Guadalajara, JAL, Mexico
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Im JY, Ki HH, Xin M, Kwon SU, Kim YH, Kim DK, Hong SP, Jin JS, Lee YM. Anti-obesity effect of Triticum aestivum sprout extract in high-fat-diet-induced obese mice. Biosci Biotechnol Biochem 2015; 79:1133-40. [PMID: 25925980 DOI: 10.1080/09168451.2015.1006567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Obesity is a common disease worldwide that often results in serious conditions including hypertension, diabetes, and hyperlipidemia. Many herbal medicines have been examined with regard to ameliorating obesity. We investigated the anti-obesity effects of 50% EtOH extract of Triticum aestivum sprout (TAEE) in high-fat-diet (HFD)-induced obese mice. TAEE administration (10, 50, or 200 mg/kg) for 6 weeks significantly decreased the body weights, serum total cholesterol (TC), and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels in HFD-fed mice. TAEE treatment reduced lipid accumulation in epididymal white adipose tissue (EWAT) and liver. Moreover, TC and lipid levels were decreased by TAEE treatment in liver. Serum leptin and adiponectin concentrations were reduced by TAEE treatment. TAEE-treated mice showed decreases in peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPARγ) and fatty acid synthase expression in EWAT. Furthermore, TAEE administration elevated levels of PPARα protein in the liver of HFD-induced obese mice. These results suggest that TAEE supplementation might be beneficial for the treatment and prevention of obesity and related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji-Young Im
- a Department of Oriental Pharmacy , College of Pharmacy and Wonkwang-Oriental Medicines Research Institute, Wonkwang University , Iksan , Korea
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Zheng Y, Pan S, Huang Y, Ci L, Zhao R, Yang X. Breed-specific lipid-related gene expression in the subcutaneous fat of Large White and Erhualian pigs at weaning. Arch Anim Breed 2015. [DOI: 10.5194/aab-58-33-2015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract. The Erhualian (EHL) pig possesses significantly lower growth rates and higher adipose deposition compared with the Large White (LW) pig. To further understand the mechanism of breed lipid deposition difference at the early postnatal age, we employed an animal model of EHL and LW pigs at weaning age to compare the lipid metabolism differences in subcutaneous fat. The result showed that serum triglyceride in EHL was significantly higher (P < 0.05) than that of LW. Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ protein level in EHL was significantly higher (P < 0.01) though CCTTA enhancer-binding protein level demonstrated no change compared with LW pigs. Hormone sensitive lipase, adipose tissue triglyceride lipase mRNA expression and the lipase activity were significantly lower (P < 0.05) in EHL. Uncoupling protein-2 protein content was significantly lower (P < 0.01) in EHL than that in LW pigs. We first cloned the nucleotide sequence of Zinc-α2-glycoprotein (ZAG) with 1090 bp and found that both ZAG mRNA expression and protein level in EHL pigs was significantly lower (P < 0.01) than that of LW pigs. β3 adrenergic receptor mRNA expression in EHL pigs was significantly higher (P < 0.01) than that of LW pigs, though tumour necrosis factor α gene expression demonstrated no significant difference. Therefore, the significant breed lipid metabolism difference in subcutaneous fat exists at an early postnatal age between EHL and LW pigs, and this difference may originate from two causes including the increased lipid synthesis and reduced lipid mobilization in EHL pigs compared with LW pigs.
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Ahn EM. Effects of Ethanol Extracts from Commonly Consumed Vegetables in Korea on Differentiation and Secretion of MCP-1 and Adiponectin in 3T3-L1 Adipocytes and Lipid Accumulation in HepG2 Hepatocytes. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015. [DOI: 10.17495/easdl.2015.2.25.1.99] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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Kelder T, Summer G, Caspers M, van Schothorst EM, Keijer J, Duivenvoorde L, Klaus S, Voigt A, Bohnert L, Pico C, Palou A, Bonet ML, Dembinska-Kiec A, Malczewska-Malec M, Kieć-Wilk B, del Bas JM, Caimari A, Arola L, van Erk M, van Ommen B, Radonjic M. White adipose tissue reference network: a knowledge resource for exploring health-relevant relations. GENES & NUTRITION 2015; 10:439. [PMID: 25466819 PMCID: PMC4252261 DOI: 10.1007/s12263-014-0439-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2014] [Accepted: 10/24/2014] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Optimal health is maintained by interaction of multiple intrinsic and environmental factors at different levels of complexity-from molecular, to physiological, to social. Understanding and quantification of these interactions will aid design of successful health interventions. We introduce the reference network concept as a platform for multi-level exploration of biological relations relevant for metabolic health, by integration and mining of biological interactions derived from public resources and context-specific experimental data. A White Adipose Tissue Health Reference Network (WATRefNet) was constructed as a resource for discovery and prioritization of mechanism-based biomarkers for white adipose tissue (WAT) health status and the effect of food and drug compounds on WAT health status. The WATRefNet (6,797 nodes and 32,171 edges) is based on (1) experimental data obtained from 10 studies addressing different adiposity states, (2) seven public knowledge bases of molecular interactions, (3) expert's definitions of five physiologically relevant processes key to WAT health, namely WAT expandability, Oxidative capacity, Metabolic state, Oxidative stress and Tissue inflammation, and (4) a collection of relevant biomarkers of these processes identified by BIOCLAIMS ( http://bioclaims.uib.es ). The WATRefNet comprehends multiple layers of biological complexity as it contains various types of nodes and edges that represent different biological levels and interactions. We have validated the reference network by showing overrepresentation with anti-obesity drug targets, pathology-associated genes and differentially expressed genes from an external disease model dataset. The resulting network has been used to extract subnetworks specific to the above-mentioned expert-defined physiological processes. Each of these process-specific signatures represents a mechanistically supported composite biomarker for assessing and quantifying the effect of interventions on a physiological aspect that determines WAT health status. Following this principle, five anti-diabetic drug interventions and one diet intervention were scored for the match of their expression signature to the five biomarker signatures derived from the WATRefNet. This confirmed previous observations of successful intervention by dietary lifestyle and revealed WAT-specific effects of drug interventions. The WATRefNet represents a sustainable knowledge resource for extraction of relevant relationships such as mechanisms of action, nutrient intervention targets and biomarkers and for assessment of health effects for support of health claims made on food products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Kelder
- Microbiology & Systems Biology, TNO, Zeist, The Netherlands
- Present Address: EdgeLeap B.V., Hooghiemstraplein 15, 3514 AX Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Georg Summer
- Microbiology & Systems Biology, TNO, Zeist, The Netherlands
- CARIM, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | | | | | - Jaap Keijer
- Human and Animal Physiology, Wageningen University, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Loes Duivenvoorde
- Human and Animal Physiology, Wageningen University, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Susanne Klaus
- Group of Energy Metabolism, German Institute of Human Nutrition in Potsdam, Nuthetal, Germany
| | - Anja Voigt
- Group of Energy Metabolism, German Institute of Human Nutrition in Potsdam, Nuthetal, Germany
| | - Laura Bohnert
- Group of Energy Metabolism, German Institute of Human Nutrition in Potsdam, Nuthetal, Germany
| | - Catalina Pico
- Molecular Biology, Nutrition and Biotechnology (Nutrigenomics), University of the Balearic Islands (UIB), Palma de Mallorca, Spain
- CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Palma de Mallorca, Spain
| | - Andreu Palou
- Molecular Biology, Nutrition and Biotechnology (Nutrigenomics), University of the Balearic Islands (UIB), Palma de Mallorca, Spain
- CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Palma de Mallorca, Spain
| | - M. Luisa Bonet
- Molecular Biology, Nutrition and Biotechnology (Nutrigenomics), University of the Balearic Islands (UIB), Palma de Mallorca, Spain
- CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Palma de Mallorca, Spain
| | - Aldona Dembinska-Kiec
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Krakow, Poland
| | | | - Beata Kieć-Wilk
- Department of Metabolic Disorders, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Krakow, Poland
| | - Josep M. del Bas
- Centre Tecnològic de Nutrició i Salut (CTNS), TECNIO, Reus, Spain
| | - Antoni Caimari
- Centre Tecnològic de Nutrició i Salut (CTNS), TECNIO, Reus, Spain
| | - Lluis Arola
- Centre Tecnològic de Nutrició i Salut (CTNS), TECNIO, Reus, Spain
- Rovira i Virgili University, Tarragona, Spain
| | - Marjan van Erk
- Microbiology & Systems Biology, TNO, Zeist, The Netherlands
| | - Ben van Ommen
- Microbiology & Systems Biology, TNO, Zeist, The Netherlands
| | - Marijana Radonjic
- Microbiology & Systems Biology, TNO, Zeist, The Netherlands
- Present Address: EdgeLeap B.V., Hooghiemstraplein 15, 3514 AX Utrecht, The Netherlands
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Abstract
Being overweight or obese, as measured with body-mass index or central adiposity (waist circumference), and the trajectory of body-mass index over the life course have been associated with brain atrophy, white matter changes, disturbances of blood-brain barrier integrity, and risk of all-cause late-onset dementia and Alzheimer's disease. This observation leads us to question what it is about body-mass index that is associated with health of the brain and dementia risk. If high body-mass index and central adiposity represent an increase in adipose tissue, then the endocrine function of adipose tissue, mediated by adipose tissue hormones and adipokines, could be a clue to mechanisms that underlie the association with dementia and Alzheimer's disease. Hundreds of adipokines have been identified, creating a complexity that is a challenge to simplify. Nonetheless, adipokines are being investigated in association with clinical dementia outcomes, and with imaging-based measures of brain volume, structure, and function in human beings and in preclinical models of clinical dementia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda J Kiliaan
- Department of Anatomy, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition, and Behaviour, Radboud university medical center, Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - Ilse A C Arnoldussen
- Department of Anatomy, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition, and Behaviour, Radboud university medical center, Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - Deborah R Gustafson
- Department of Neurology, State University of New York-Downstate Medical Center, New York, USA; Section for Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, Neuropsychiatric Epidemiology Unit, Sahlgrenska Academy at University of Gothenburg, Institute for Neuroscience and Physiology, Gothenburg, Sweden; UMS 011 Inserm Versailles Saint Quentin, France.
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50
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Arnoldussen IAC, Kiliaan AJ, Gustafson DR. Obesity and dementia: adipokines interact with the brain. Eur Neuropsychopharmacol 2014; 24:1982-99. [PMID: 24704273 PMCID: PMC4169761 DOI: 10.1016/j.euroneuro.2014.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 159] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2014] [Accepted: 03/11/2014] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Obesity is a pandemic and a serious global health concern. Obesity is a risk factor for multiple conditions and contributes to multi-morbidities, resulting in increased health costs and millions of deaths each year. Obesity has been associated with changes in brain structure, cognitive deficits, dementia and Alzheimer׳s disease. Adipokines, defined as hormones, cytokines and peptides secreted by adipose tissue, may have more widespread influence and functionality in the brain than previously thought. In this review, six adipokines, and their actions in the obese and non-obese conditions will be discussed. Included are: plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1), interleukin-6 (IL-6), tumor necrosis factors alpha (TNF-α), angiotensinogen (AGT), adiponectin and leptin. Their functionality in the periphery, their ability to cross the blood brain barrier (BBB) and their influence on dementia processes within the brain will be discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilse A C Arnoldussen
- Department of Anatomy, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition, and Behaviour, Radboud University Medical Centre, Geert Grooteplein Noord 21, 6525 EZ Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
| | - Amanda J Kiliaan
- Department of Anatomy, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition, and Behaviour, Radboud University Medical Centre, Geert Grooteplein Noord 21, 6525 EZ Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
| | - Deborah R Gustafson
- Department of Neurology, State University of New York-Downstate Medical Center, 450 Clarkson Avenue, Box 1213, Brooklyn, NY11203, USA; UMS 011 Inserm Versailles Saint Quentin, France; Section for Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, Neuropsychiatric Epidemiology Unit, Sahlgrenska Academy at University of Gothenburg, Institute for Neuroscience and Physiology, NeuroPsychiatric Epidemiology Unit, Wallinsgatan 6, 431 41 Gothenburg, Sweden.
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