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Guo MM, Koh KT, Wang XZ. The effects of COVID-19 on the Physical Activity and Recreational Screen Time among Chinese children and adolescents. J Exerc Sci Fit 2024; 22:288-296. [PMID: 38706950 PMCID: PMC11066678 DOI: 10.1016/j.jesf.2024.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2024] [Revised: 04/17/2024] [Accepted: 04/17/2024] [Indexed: 05/07/2024] Open
Abstract
Background The lack of Physical Activity (PA) and prolonged Recreational Screen Time (RST) among children and adolescents has been exacerbated during the COVID-19 pandemic, causing this issue to escalate into a crucial public health concern. This study aims to investigate the trends in PA and RST among Chinese children and adolescents from 2019 to 2022, thereby analyzing the short-term and long-term effects of the pandemic on PA and RST among Chinese children and adolescents. Methods A nationally representative sample of Chinese primary, middle, and high school students was surveyed annually between September and December from 2019 to 2022 using a consistent set of questionnaires. Trends in PA and RST across different school levels, genders, areas (urban/rural), and regions (north/south) were analyzed using Segmented Linear Regression. Results From 2019 to 2022, the PA and RST of children and adolescents displayed an inverted U-shaped trend, initially increasing and subsequently declining. Specifically, from 2019 to 2021, the PA of children and adolescents significantly increased but dramatically declined from 2021 to 2022. This trend in PA is more pronounced among primary, male, urban, and northern children and adolescent. The RST of children and adolescents increased from 2019 to 2020 but significantly decreased from 2020 to 2022. This trend in RST is more pronounced among primary, urban, and southern children and adolescent. Conclusions This research unveils the effects of the pandemic on PA and RST in children and adolescents, suggesting short-term beneficial and long-term adverse effects on PA and short-term adverse and long-term beneficial effects on RST. These findings provide a foundation for formulating policies related to children and adolescents' PA and RST during the pandemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming Ming Guo
- College of Physical Education and Health, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200241, China
| | - Koon Teck Koh
- Physical Education & Sports Science, National Institute of Education, Nanyang Technological University, 637616, Singapore
| | - Xiao Zan Wang
- College of Physical Education and Health, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200241, China
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2
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Lin J, Horswell R, Chu S, Dumas SA, Hu G. Trends in the Incidence of Gestational Diabetes Mellitus Among the Medicaid Population Before and During the COVID-19 Pandemic. J Womens Health (Larchmt) 2024. [PMID: 39029471 DOI: 10.1089/jwh.2023.0746] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Importance: Although there are many regional and national studies on the trends in the incidence of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM), the trends in the incidence of GDM among the Medicaid population are lacking, especially before and during coronavirus disease of 2019 (COVID-19). Objective: To investigate the trends in the incidence of GDM before and during COVID-19 pandemic (2016-2021) among the Louisiana Medicaid population. Design, Setting, and Participants: This study included 111,936, Louisiana Medicaid pregnant women of age 18-50 between January 1, 2016, to December 31, 2021. Main Outcomes and Measures: Pregnancies, GDM, and pre-pregnancy diabetes cases were identified by using the Tenth Revisions of the International Classification of Disease code. The annual incidence of GDM and annual prevalence of pre-pregnancy diabetes were calculated for each age and race subgroup. Results: The age-standardized incidence of GDM increased from 10.2% in 2016 to 14.8 in 2020 and decreased to 14.0% in 2021. The age-standardized prevalence of pre-pregnancy diabetes increased from 2.8% in 2016 to 3.4% in 2018 and decreased to 2.3% in 2021. The age-standardized rate of GDM was the highest among Asian women (23.0%), then White women (15.5%), and African American women (13.9%) (p for difference <0.001). The COVID-19 pandemic saw an increase in the incidence of GDM, with a rise in prominent GDM risk factors, such as obesity and sedentary behaviors, suggesting an association. Conclusion and Relevance: The incidence of GDM significantly increased during the COVID-19 pandemic. Potential reasons might include increased sedentary behavior and increased prevalence of obesity. GDM is a major public health issue, and the prevention of GDM is particularly essential for the Louisiana Medicaid population owing to the high prevalence of GDM-related risk factors in this population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica Lin
- Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Baton Rouge, Louisiana, USA
| | - Ronald Horswell
- Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Baton Rouge, Louisiana, USA
| | - San Chu
- Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Baton Rouge, Louisiana, USA
| | - S Amanda Dumas
- Department of Pediatrics, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, Louisiana, USA
| | - Gang Hu
- Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Baton Rouge, Louisiana, USA
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Neville RD, Hopkins WG, McArthur BA, Draper CE, Madigan S. Associations Between Changes in 24-Hour Movement Behaviors in Children and Adolescents During the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Systematic Review and Mediation-Based Meta-Analysis. J Phys Act Health 2024; 21:323-332. [PMID: 38194951 DOI: 10.1123/jpah.2023-0346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2023] [Revised: 11/25/2023] [Accepted: 12/11/2023] [Indexed: 01/11/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although 24-hour movement behaviors are known to be interconnected, limited knowledge exists about whether change in one behavior during the COVID-19 pandemic (eg, increased screen time) was associated with change in another (eg, reduced physical activity or sleep). This review estimates mediational associations between changes in children's physical activity, screen time, and sleep during the COVID-19 pandemic. METHODS We included studies published between January 1, 2020 and June 27, 2022, in the PubMed/MEDLINE, Embase, PsycINFO, SPORTDiscus, and Web of Science databases. Summary data were extracted from included studies and analyzed with random-effects meta-regression. RESULTS This review included 26 studies representing 18,959 children across 18 mid-high-income countries (53% male; mean age, 11.5 [2.9] y). There was very good evidence of decreased total daily physical activity (factor change, 0.62; 90% CI, 0.47-0.81) and strong evidence of increased screen time (1.56; 90% CI, 1.38-1.77). There was very good evidence of decreased moderate to vigorous physical activity (0.75; 90% CI, 0.62-0.90) and weak evidence of increased sleep (1.02; 90% CI, 1.00-1.04). Mediational analysis revealed strong evidence that most of the reduction in total daily physical activity from before, to during, the pandemic was associated with increased screen time (0.53; 90% CI, 0.42-0.67). We observed no further mediational associations. CONCLUSION Increased reliance on and use of screen-based devices during the COVID-19 pandemic can be linked with reduced child and adolescent physical activity. This finding links COVID-related restrictions to potential displacement effects within child and adolescent 24-hour movement behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ross D Neville
- School of Public Health, Physiotherapy and Sports Science, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - William G Hopkins
- Institute for Health and Sport, Victoria University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Brae Anne McArthur
- Department of Psychology, University of Calgary, Calgary, AL, Canada
- Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute, Calgary, AL, Canada
| | - Catherine E Draper
- South African Medical Research Council Developmental Pathways for Health Research Unit, Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Sheri Madigan
- Department of Psychology, University of Calgary, Calgary, AL, Canada
- Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute, Calgary, AL, Canada
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León-Figueroa DA, Barboza JJ, Siddiq A, Sah R, Valladares-Garrido MJ, Adhikari S, Aguirre-Milachay E, Sah S, Rodriguez-Morales AJ. Prevalence of computer vision syndrome during the COVID-19 pandemic: a systematic review and meta-analysis. BMC Public Health 2024; 24:640. [PMID: 38424562 PMCID: PMC10902934 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-024-17636-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2023] [Accepted: 01/01/2024] [Indexed: 03/02/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Computer vision syndrome has become a significant public health problem, especially in developing countries. Therefore, this study aims to identify the prevalence of computer vision syndrome during the COVID-19 pandemic. METHODS A systematic review and meta-analysis of the literature was conducted using the databases PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, and Embase up to February 22, 2023, using the search terms "Computer Vision Syndrome" and "COVID-19". Three authors independently performed study selection, quality assessment, and data extraction, and the Joanna Briggs Institute Meta-Analysis of Statistics Assessment and Review Instrument was used to evaluate study quality. Heterogeneity was assessed using the statistical test I2, and the R version 4.2.3 program was used for statistical analysis. RESULTS A total of 192 studies were retrieved, of which 18 were included in the final meta-analysis. The total sample included 10,337 participants from 12 countries. The combined prevalence of computer vision syndrome was 74% (95% CI: 66, 81). Subgroup analysis based on country revealed a higher prevalence of computer vision syndrome in Pakistan (99%, 95% CI: 97, 100) and a lower prevalence in Turkey (48%, 95% CI: 44, 52). In addition, subgroup analysis based on study subjects showed a prevalence of 82% (95% CI: 74, 89) for computer vision syndrome in non-students and 70% (95% CI: 60, 80) among students. CONCLUSION According to the study, 74% of the participants experienced computer vision syndrome during the COVID-19 pandemic. Given this finding, it is essential to implement preventive and therapeutic measures to reduce the risk of developing computer vision syndrome and improve the quality of life of those affected. TRIAL REGISTRATION The protocol for this systematic review and meta-analysis was registered in the international registry of systematic reviews, the International Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews (PROSPERO), with registration number CRD42022345965.
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Affiliation(s)
- Darwin A León-Figueroa
- Facultad de Medicina Humana, Universidad de San Martín de Porres, Chiclayo, 15011, Peru
- Centro de Investigación en Atención Primaria en Salud, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, 15102, Peru
| | - Joshuan J Barboza
- Unidad de Revisiones Sistemáticas y Meta-Análisis, Universidad San Ignacio de Loyola, Juan del Corral 937. El Bosque, Trujillo, Lima, Peru
| | | | - Ranjit Sah
- Department of Microbiology, Institute of Medicine, Tribhuvan University Teaching Hospital, Kathmandu, 44600, Nepal
- Department of Microbiology, Dr. D. Y. Patil Medical College, Hospital and Research Centre, Dr. D. Y. Patil Vidyapeeth, Pune, 411018, Maharashtra, India
- Department of Public Health Dentistry, Dr. D.Y. Patil Dental College and Hospital, Dr. D.Y. Patil Vidyapeeth, Pune, 411018, Maharashtra, India
| | - Mario J Valladares-Garrido
- Universidad Continental, Lima, 15046, Peru.
- Oficina de Epidemiología, Hospital Regional Lambayeque, Chiclayo, 14012, Peru.
| | | | | | - Sanjit Sah
- Research Scientist, Global Consortium for Public Health and Research, Datta Meghe Institute of Higher Education and Research, Jawaharlal Nehru Medical College, Wardha, 442001, India
- SR Sanjeevani Hospital, Kalyanpur-10, Siraha, Nepal
| | - Alfonso J Rodriguez-Morales
- Master of Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Universidad Cientifica del Sur, Lima, 15067, Peru
- Gilbert and Rose-Marie Chagoury School of Medicine, Lebanese American University, Beirut, 1102, Lebanon
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Aminian P, Kruger E, Tennant M. Covid lockdowns and hospitalisations for oro-facial trauma among children in Australia and the United Kingdom. Dent Traumatol 2024; 40:84-90. [PMID: 37596827 DOI: 10.1111/edt.12877] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2023] [Revised: 07/20/2023] [Accepted: 08/01/2023] [Indexed: 08/20/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/AIM This retrospective study investigated the effect of lockdowns for Covid-19 on the rates of oro-facial trauma hospitalisations in children in Australia and the United Kingdom (UK). MATERIALS AND METHODS Hospitalisation data for children up to 19 years old for oro-facial trauma injuries (according to ICD-10-AM principal diagnosis codes) over 5 years were collected for Australian and UK children. The age-standard rate (ASR) for each age group was calculated per 100,000 population. RESULTS In the younger Australian children, there was no statistically significant change in the ASR of oro-facial trauma hospitalisations during the 'Covid year', compared to the average rate over the 3 years preceding. However, there was a significant decrease in the ASR of oro-facial trauma hospitalisations during the 'Covid year' in older Australian children (aged 10-19), and for all UK children, except for infants under one-year-old. CONCLUSIONS Reduction of the ASR of hospitalisations due to oro-facial trauma during the 'Covid year', and the implementation of lockdown measures in the two countries provides further evidence of the impact of physical activities and travel as contributing factors to oro-facial injuries in children. In addition to its role in reducing the spread of virus infections during the pandemic, the lockdown measures also resulted in a simultaneous decrease in trauma injuries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Parmis Aminian
- The University of Western Australia, Crawley, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Estie Kruger
- International Research Collaborative-Oral Health and Equity, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA, Australia
| | - Marc Tennant
- International Research Collaborative-Oral Health and Equity, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA, Australia
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Umekar S, Joshi A. Obesity and Preventive Intervention Among Children: A Narrative Review. Cureus 2024; 16:e54520. [PMID: 38516445 PMCID: PMC10955407 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.54520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2024] [Accepted: 02/20/2024] [Indexed: 03/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Childhood obesity has become a major public health concern around the world, with a rise in prevalence over the last few decades. This abstract provides an overview of pediatric obesity, including its causes, implications, and potential treatments. Childhood obesity is caused by a complex combination of environmental, genetic, and behavioral variables. A child's likelihood of developing obesity is influenced by factors, such as socioeconomic status, family dynamics, and cultural norms. Childhood obesity leads to extensive repercussions, elevating the risk of chronic conditions, such as diabetes, cardiovascular diseases, and mental health challenges. Furthermore, children dealing with obesity often face social stigmatization, diminished self-esteem, and academic struggles. Efforts to prevent and manage childhood obesity should employ a comprehensive and multi-tiered approach. This involves enacting policies geared toward enhancing nutrition in schools and communities, advocating for increased physical activity (PA), and curbing sedentary behaviors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sayali Umekar
- School of Epidermology and Public Health, Datta Meghe Institute of Higher Education and Research, Wardha, IND
| | - Abhishek Joshi
- Community Medicine, Datta Meghe Institute of Higher Education and Research, Wardha, IND
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Li D, Chan VF, Wang H, Zhang H, Virgili G, Whitestone N, Xiao B, Singh MK, She X, Mackenzie G, Boswell M, Mavi S, Rozelle S, Congdon N. Depression, anxiety, stress symptoms and their determinants among secondary students with vision impairment in rural Northwestern China during the COVID-19 pandemic. Front Public Health 2024; 11:1282826. [PMID: 38328549 PMCID: PMC10847594 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2023.1282826] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2023] [Accepted: 12/12/2023] [Indexed: 02/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Objective The measures implemented to control the spread of Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) could affect children's mental and vision health. Youth particularly from minority and socioeconomically disadvantaged backgrounds were more likely to be impacted by these measures. This study aimed to examine the mental health of children with vision impairment and associated factors in North-western China during the COVID-19 pandemic. Methods A cross-sectional study was conducted among 2,036 secondary school children living in Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region. Participants completed a survey on sociodemographic and lifestyle information and answered the Chinese version of the 21-item Depression Anxiety Stress Scales (DASS-21) questionnaire. Presenting visual acuity was measured by a trained enumerator. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was used to identify potential risk factors for mental health problems. Results Responses from 1,992 (97.8%) children were included in the analysis after excluding those with incomplete mental health outcome data. The prevalence of depression, anxiety and stress symptoms within the dataset were 28.9, 46.4, and 22.3%, respectively. The distribution of children with different stress levels differed significantly between those with and without vision impairment (p = 0.03). Multivariable logistic regression analyses revealed that depression symptoms decreased with higher parental education (OR, 0.76, 95% confidence intervals (CI):0.63-0.96), longer sleep duration (OR, 0.90, 95% CI: 0.81-0.97) and longer study time (OR, 0.82, 95% CI: 0.74-0.91), whereas they increased with higher recreational screen time (OR, 1.19, 95% CI: 1.08-1.32). Anxiety symptoms decreased with higher parental education (OR, 0.80, 95% CI: 0.66-0.96) and increased with higher recreational screen time (OR, 1.15, 95% CI: 1.04-1.27) and being a left-behind child (OR, 1.26, 95% CI: 1.04-1.54). In addition, stress symptoms decreased with longer sleep duration (OR, 0.92, 95%CI: 0.85-0.99) and increased with higher number of siblings (OR, 1.10, 95% CI: 1.01-1.19), higher recreational screen time (OR, 1.15, 95% CI: 1.04-1.28) and older age (OR,1.12, 95% CI: 1.004-1.24). Conclusion A considerable proportion of our sample experienced mental health problems during the pandemic. Healthcare planners in China should consider interventions such as reducing recreational screen time, ensuring sufficient sleep, and timely detection of mental health symptoms among socioeconomically disadvantaged groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongfeng Li
- Department of Ophthalmology, Sichuan Provincial People’s Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
- Chinese Academy of Sciences Sichuan Translational Medicine Research Hospital, Chengdu, China
- Centre for Public Health, Queen’s University Belfast, Belfast, United Kingdom
| | - Ving Fai Chan
- Centre for Public Health, Queen’s University Belfast, Belfast, United Kingdom
| | - Huan Wang
- Stanford Centre on China’s Economy and Institutions, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, United States
| | - Huiping Zhang
- School of Financial and Management, Ningxia University, Yinchuan, China
| | - Gianni Virgili
- Centre for Public Health, Queen’s University Belfast, Belfast, United Kingdom
- Department NEUROFARBA, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | | | - Baixiang Xiao
- Centre for Public Health, Queen’s University Belfast, Belfast, United Kingdom
- Affiliated Eye Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Manpreet K. Singh
- Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, United States
| | - Xinshu She
- Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, United States
| | | | - Matthew Boswell
- Stanford Centre on China’s Economy and Institutions, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, United States
| | - Sonia Mavi
- Centre for Public Health, Queen’s University Belfast, Belfast, United Kingdom
| | - Scott Rozelle
- Stanford Centre on China’s Economy and Institutions, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, United States
| | - Nathan Congdon
- Centre for Public Health, Queen’s University Belfast, Belfast, United Kingdom
- Orbis International, New York, NY, United States
- Zhongshan Ophthalmic Centre, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
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Adamopoulou E, Karatrantou K, Kaloudis I, Krommidas C, Gerodimos V. An Effective and Playful Way of Practicing Online Motor Proficiency in Preschool Children. CHILDREN (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 11:130. [PMID: 38275440 PMCID: PMC10814312 DOI: 10.3390/children11010130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2023] [Revised: 01/12/2024] [Accepted: 01/18/2024] [Indexed: 01/27/2024]
Abstract
The children's fairytale is a playful educational tool that can be modified in such a way to enhance motor proficiency. This study investigated the effect of an online exercise program with modified fairytales on children's motor proficiency during the kindergarten curriculum. Forty preschool children (20 girls and 20 boys; 5.13 ± 0.24 years old) were divided into two equal groups: an intervention (IG) group and a control group (CG). The IG followed a 3-month (3 times/week) online exercise intervention program (supervised by the class's kindergarten teacher) with modified children's fairytales, during the COVID-19 pandemic, with an aim to improve their motor proficiency. The CG did not attend any exercise intervention program. The Democritos Movement Screening Tool for Preschool Children (DEMOST-PRE), consisting of ten tests, was used to assess the children's motor proficiency. Τhe IG, after the end of the intervention program, significantly improved in the DEMOST-PRE total score (p < 0.001; mean change: 40.7%), while the CG did not significantly improve in the total score (p > 0.05). Furthermore, in the IG, a significant negative correlation between the pre-training DEMOST-PRE total score and the percentage change following the intervention (r = -0.64; p = 0.002) was observed. A modified exercise program using children's fairytales may be incorporated into the kindergarten curriculum as an effective educational tool for the improvement of motor proficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Vassilis Gerodimos
- Department of Physical Education and Sports Science, University of Thessaly, 42100 Trikala, Greece (K.K.); (C.K.)
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Wiguna T, Minayati K, Kaligis F, Teh SD, Sourander A, Dirjayanto VJ, Krishnandita M, Meriem N, Gilbert S. The influence of screen time on behaviour and emotional problems among adolescents: A comparison study of the pre-, peak, and post-peak periods of COVID-19. Heliyon 2024; 10:e23325. [PMID: 38163166 PMCID: PMC10755312 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e23325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2023] [Revised: 11/13/2023] [Accepted: 11/30/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024] Open
Abstract
The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has brought drastic changes globally in the past three years, one of which is an increase in the use of digital media or electronic devices. Previous studies have shown that long screen time may stimulate the neurobiological system, resulting in various behavioural and emotional problems; however, there is insufficient population-based evidence. This study aimed to investigate the influence of screen time on behavioural and emotional problems in Indonesian adolescents at three time points: the pre-, peak, and post-peak periods of COVID-19. Data were collected using an online community mental health survey. This survey incorporated the Youth Screen Time Survey to gauge screen time and the adolescent version of the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire to assess emotional, conduct, and prosocial behaviour problems. The participants were adolescents in secondary and senior high schools, with 337, 423, and 1,096 participants from the pre-, peak-, and post-pandemic periods, respectively, included in the analysis. Daily average screen time was compared, followed by the calculation of odds ratios for screen time and mental health problems during the different periods. The results demonstrated significant differences in adolescents' total daily average screen time between the different pandemic periods. Decreased screen time was associated with reduced emotional, conduct, and prosocial behaviour problems, especially during the peak period. Thus, psychoeducation on screen time in adolescents should be considered as a point of interest for mental well-being interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tjhin Wiguna
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine Universitas Indonesia-dr. Cipto Mangunkusumo General Hospital, Jakarta, Indonesia
| | - Kusuma Minayati
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine Universitas Indonesia-dr. Cipto Mangunkusumo General Hospital, Jakarta, Indonesia
| | - Fransiska Kaligis
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine Universitas Indonesia-dr. Cipto Mangunkusumo General Hospital, Jakarta, Indonesia
| | - Sylvia Dominic Teh
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine Universitas Indonesia-dr. Cipto Mangunkusumo General Hospital, Jakarta, Indonesia
| | - Andre Sourander
- Reseach Center for Child Psychiatry, Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Valerie Josephine Dirjayanto
- Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Indonesia, Jakarta, Indonesia
- Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, United Kingdom
| | | | - Nabella Meriem
- dr. Cipto Mangunkusumo General Hospital, Jakarta, Indonesia
| | - Sonja Gilbert
- Reseach Center for Child Psychiatry, Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
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Liu J, Ouyang N, Mizrahi A, Kornides ML. Social Distancing in the COVID-19 Pandemic: Associated Factors, Health Outcomes, and Implications. FAMILY & COMMUNITY HEALTH 2024; 47:80-94. [PMID: 37681938 DOI: 10.1097/fch.0000000000000367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/09/2023]
Abstract
Social distancing has reemerged as a public health measure for containing the spread of COVID-19. This integrative review aims to analyze the historical use of social distancing, the current application during COVID-19, individual factors that affect social distancing practices, and consequential health outcomes. We analyzed relevant literature from searches conducted on Scopus, PubMed, and PsycINFO. We found that resources, culture, age, gender, and personality are associated with the degree to which people practice social distancing. Furthermore, social distancing changes our lifestyles and behavior and results in multifaceted health outcomes, including decreased physical activity and sunlight exposure, increased weight gain, and impaired sleep quality. On the positive side, social distancing has been linked to reduced crime rates and environmental damage, as well as better social and family ties. Future interventions may be utilized to increase adherence to social distancing practices and to mitigate the negative health effects of social distancing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianghong Liu
- Department of Family and Community Health, School of Nursing (Dr Liu), School of Nursing (Ms Ouyang and Dr Kornides), School of Arts and Sciences (Ms Mizrahi), University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia; and Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut (Ms Ouyang)
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García SV, Velazquez MC, D Agostino AE, Salto DJ, Lardies Arenas FM, Cuozzo SV, Diaz Ballve LPM, Dias de Carvalho T. [Use of screens, sedentary lifestyle, and physical activity in children under six years of age, during the period of preventive and compulsory social isolation in AMBA: online survey]. REVISTA DE LA FACULTAD DE CIENCIAS MÉDICAS 2023; 80:456-475. [PMID: 38150210 PMCID: PMC10851393 DOI: 10.31053/1853.0605.v80.n4.40343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2023] [Accepted: 08/31/2023] [Indexed: 12/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Within the context of the COVID-19 pandemic, children were confined to their homes. The Buenos Aires Metropolitan Area (AMBA) region has the highest urban density in Argentina and has been the epicenter of COVID-19 infections and deaths. The objectives of this study are to characterize the habits of screen use, sedentary lifestyle and physical activity and describe their associations, in children under six years of age from AMBA, Argentina. Methods analytical and cross-sectional study, in which data from the online survey (Google Forms®) were used. Through a non-probabilistic convenience sampling, fathers, mothers, legal guardians, and caregivers of children under six years of age were invited to participate. The survey was available during four months of the quarantine period and was made up of 31 questions about screen use, physical activity, and sedentary lifestyle of children. Results 256 surveys were answered, the majority (79.6%) were female and 50.8% in the age range of 31-40 years. Conclusion The television is the most used and children begin to use touch screens from one year. The play time of adults with children and the time that they usually carry out activities such as reading a book or drawing is one to two hours per day. There was an association between owning the screen and using it for more hours. The lower the income level, the more time adults play with their children.
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Mayen Huerta C. Understanding the pathways between the use of urban green spaces and self-rated health: A case study in Mexico City. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0295013. [PMID: 38060530 PMCID: PMC10703238 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0295013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2023] [Accepted: 11/13/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023] Open
Abstract
In recent decades, extensive research has demonstrated the positive impact of urban green spaces (UGS) on public health through several pathways. However, in the context of Latin America, particularly Mexico City, there remains a notable scarcity of evidence linking UGS use to health outcomes and an insufficient understanding of the pathways or factors underlying these associations. Therefore, this study employs Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) to investigate the intricate pathways between UGS use and residents' perceived health in Mexico City, a densely populated urban center. The SEM integrates three key mediators: sentiments towards UGS, UGS quality, and time spent within these spaces. Survey data was collected through an online survey distributed via social media in May 2020 (n = 1,707). The findings indicate a minor yet significant direct link between UGS use and self-reported health (0.0427, p < 0.1). Conversely, the indirect pathways through sentiments towards UGS, UGS quality, and time spent in UGS were highly significant (0.1950, p < 0.01), underscoring their substantial role as mediators in the UGS use-health association. While a comprehensive understanding of the mechanisms linking perceived health to UGS use in Mexico City requires further research, this study proposes that fostering positive sentiments towards UGS, enhancing UGS quality, and encouraging extended visits to green areas could potentially amplify the perceived health benefits associated with UGS use among residents. These insights offer valuable inputs for policymaking, emphasizing the importance of integrating public perspectives to optimize nature-based solutions and broaden their positive impact within Mexico City.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolina Mayen Huerta
- School of Architecture and Landscape Architecture, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
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13
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Li X, Li L, Qin W, Cao Q, Mu X, Liu T, Li Z, Zhang W. Urban Living Environment and Myopia in Children. JAMA Netw Open 2023; 6:e2346999. [PMID: 38064211 PMCID: PMC10709769 DOI: 10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2023.46999] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2023] [Accepted: 10/27/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Importance The global prevalence of myopia has shown a steady increase over recent decades, with urban areas seemingly experiencing a more significant impact. Objective To assess the association between urbanization and the prevalence, incidence, progression, and severity of myopia. Design, Setting, and Participants This cohort study included students in grades 1 to 6 in Tianjin, China, who underwent 3 vision examinations conducted over a 2-year period, from March 1, 2021, to March 31, 2023. Participants from grades 1 to 4 completed the 2-year follow-up. Exposures Urban living environment. Main Outcomes and Measures The association of urbanization with the incidence, progression, prevalence, and severity of myopia. To quantify urbanization, an urban score was constructed using satellite data and an iterative exploratory factor analysis. Results Of 177 894 students (51.7% male; mean [SD] age, 10.27 [1.75] years) included in the study, 137 087 students (52.3% male; mean [SD] age, 8.97 [1.21] years) were followed up for 2 years. A positive association was identified between myopia incidence and urbanization. Specifically, each 1-unit increment in the urban score was associated with an increased risk of myopia over a 1-year period (odds ratio [OR], 1.09; 95% CI, 1.01-1.15; P = .02) and a 2-year period (OR, 1.53; 95% CI, 1.50-1.57; P < .001). Conversely, each 1-unit increase in the urban score was associated with a significant decrease in myopia progression at 1 year (OR, 0.84; 95% CI, 0.82-0.86; P < .001) and 2 years (OR, 0.73; 95% CI, 0.70-0.75, P < .001). In a cross-sectional data analysis, the urban score was positively associated with myopia prevalence (OR, 1.62; 95% CI, 1.08-2.42; P = .02) and negatively associated with myopia severity, as indicated by spherical equivalent refraction (OR, 1.46; 95% CI, 1.07-1.99; P = .02). Conclusions and Relevance This study exploring urban living environments and myopia revealed dual associations of urban living with both the incidence and the progression of myopia. The observed patterns emphasize the urgency of promptly implementing myopia control strategies in less urbanized regions, where myopia progression may be accentuated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaotong Li
- Nankai University Affiliated Eye Hospital, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
- Tianjin Eye Hospital, Tianjin Key Lab of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Tianjin Eye Institute, Tianjin, China
| | - Lihua Li
- Tianjin Eye Hospital, Tianjin Key Lab of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Tianjin Eye Institute, Tianjin, China
- Tianjin Eye Hospital Optometric Center, Tianjin, China
| | - Wen Qin
- Tianjin Eye Hospital, Tianjin Key Lab of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Tianjin Eye Institute, Tianjin, China
- Department of Radiology and Tianjin Key Laboratory of Functional Imaging, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Qing Cao
- Tianjin Eye Hospital, Tianjin Key Lab of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Tianjin Eye Institute, Tianjin, China
- Tianjin Eye Hospital Optometric Center, Tianjin, China
| | - Xin Mu
- Tianjin Eye Hospital, Tianjin Key Lab of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Tianjin Eye Institute, Tianjin, China
- Tianjin Eye Hospital Optometric Center, Tianjin, China
| | - Tiange Liu
- Nankai University Affiliated Eye Hospital, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
- Tianjin Eye Hospital, Tianjin Key Lab of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Tianjin Eye Institute, Tianjin, China
| | - Zhen Li
- Nankai University Affiliated Eye Hospital, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
- Tianjin Eye Hospital, Tianjin Key Lab of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Tianjin Eye Institute, Tianjin, China
| | - Wei Zhang
- Nankai University Affiliated Eye Hospital, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
- Tianjin Eye Hospital, Tianjin Key Lab of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Tianjin Eye Institute, Tianjin, China
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14
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Kong Y, Shaver LG, Shi F, Yang L, Zhang W, Wei X, Zhang E, Ozbek S, Effiong A, Wang PP. Knowledge, psychological impacts, and protective behaviours during the first wave of the COVID-19 pandemic among Chinese residents in Canada with dependent school-age children: a cross-sectional online study. BMC Public Health 2023; 23:2140. [PMID: 37915047 PMCID: PMC10621311 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-023-16923-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2022] [Accepted: 10/06/2023] [Indexed: 11/03/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The purpose of this study was to describe the knowledge, protective behaviours, and psychological impact of COVID-19 on Chinese residents in Canada, as the emotional and behavioural impacts of the pandemic have not been intensively studied amongst these populations. It was important to determine whether having dependent school-age children (DSAC) aged 16 or under was associated with adverse psychological impacts amongst the Chinese residents living in the country. METHODS In April 2020, 757 eligible participants were recruited through a snowball sampling to complete an online survey related to the COVID-19 pandemic. Psychological, behavioural, and sociodemographic variables were collected and first analyzed using descriptive and univariate statistics. Multiple logistic regression analyses were performed to further confirm the observed significant associations in bivariate analyses for selected psychological outcome variables. RESULTS Seven hundred forty-two participants who responded to the "dependent school-age children" question were included in the analysis. Most of them identified as females (65.8%) and 77.2% included receiving a university degree or higher. There were no significant differences in COVID-19 knowledge between those living with or without DSAC. However, participants with DSAC were more likely to perceive themselves as being at greater risk of contracting COVID-19 (p = .023); therefore, having a higher chance of adopting protective behaviours (e.g., hand washing, sanitizing frequently or disinfecting work and living spaces (p < .05), elevated risks of depression (p = .007), and stress (p = .010), compared to those without DSAC. CONCLUSIONS Predominantly, the Chinese residents in Canada with dependent school-age children were more likely to report the negative psychological impacts of the pandemic. These findings warrant further investigations that may contribute to informing key stakeholders about the identification and implementation of policies and interventions to support the needs of parents with young children, during and after the pandemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yujia Kong
- Division of Community Health & Humanities, Faculty of Medicine, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John's, NL, A1B 3V6, Canada
- School of Public Health, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, Shandong, China
| | | | - Fuyan Shi
- Division of Community Health & Humanities, Faculty of Medicine, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John's, NL, A1B 3V6, Canada
- School of Public Health, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, Shandong, China
| | - Lixia Yang
- Department of Psychology, Ryerson University, Toronto, Canada
- Centre for New Immigrant Well-Being (CNIW), Markham, Canada
| | - Weiguo Zhang
- Department of Sociology, University of Toronto Mississauga, Mississauga, Canada
| | - Xiaoling Wei
- Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Eleen Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Canada
| | - Sara Ozbek
- Division of Community Health & Humanities, Faculty of Medicine, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John's, NL, A1B 3V6, Canada
| | - Andem Effiong
- Division of Community Health & Humanities, Faculty of Medicine, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John's, NL, A1B 3V6, Canada
| | - Peizhong Peter Wang
- Division of Community Health & Humanities, Faculty of Medicine, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John's, NL, A1B 3V6, Canada.
- Centre for New Immigrant Well-Being (CNIW), Markham, Canada.
- Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada.
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15
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Mitra R, Campbell JE, Vanderloo LM, Faulkner G, Tremblay MS, Rhodes RE, Stone MR, Moore SA. Child and youth physical activity throughout the COVID-19 pandemic: The changing role of the neighbourhood built and social environments. Health Place 2023; 84:103127. [PMID: 37751631 DOI: 10.1016/j.healthplace.2023.103127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2022] [Revised: 08/20/2023] [Accepted: 09/18/2023] [Indexed: 09/28/2023]
Abstract
We explored associations between neighbourhood environments and children and youths' moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA) during three different waves of the COVID-19 pandemic: spring 2020, fall 2020 and spring 2021, using three nationally representative cross-sectional surveys. In wave 2, higher dwelling density was associated with lower odds of a child achieving higher-level MVPA, however, the odds were higher in neighbourhoods with higher density that also had better access to parks. With regard to the social environment, ethnic concentration (wave 3) and greater deprivation (waves 1 and 3) were associated with lower odds of a child achieving higher-level MVPA. Results indicate that built and social environments were differently associated with MVPA levels depending on pandemic restrictions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raktim Mitra
- School of Urban and Regional Planning, Toronto Metropolitan University, 105 Bond Street, 4th Floor, Toronto, ON, M5B 1Y3, Canada.
| | - Julie E Campbell
- School of Health and Human Performance, Faculty of Health, Dalhousie University, PO Box 15000, Halifax, NS, B3H 4R2, Canada
| | - Leigh M Vanderloo
- ParticipACTION, 77 Bloor Street West, Toronto, ON, M5S 1M2, Canada; School of Occupational Therapy, Western University, London, ON, N6G 1H1, Canada
| | - Guy Faulkner
- School of Kinesiology, University of British Columbia, 6081 University Blvd, Vancouver, BC, V6T 1Z1, Canada
| | - Mark S Tremblay
- Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario Research Institute, 401 Smyth Road, Ottawa, ON, K1H 8L1, Canada; Department of Pediatrics, University of Ottawa, 401 Smyth Road, Ottawa, ON, K1H 8L1, Canada
| | - Ryan E Rhodes
- Behavioural Medicine Laboratory, School of Exercise Science, Physical and Health Education, University of Victoria, Victoria, BC, V8W 3N4, Canada
| | - Michelle R Stone
- School of Health and Human Performance, Faculty of Health, Dalhousie University, PO Box 15000, Halifax, NS, B3H 4R2, Canada; Healthy Populations Institute, Dalhousie University, PO Box 150000, Halifax, NS, B3H 4R2, Canada
| | - Sarah A Moore
- School of Health and Human Performance, Faculty of Health, Dalhousie University, PO Box 15000, Halifax, NS, B3H 4R2, Canada; Healthy Populations Institute, Dalhousie University, PO Box 150000, Halifax, NS, B3H 4R2, Canada; Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Dalhousie University, PO Box 15000, Halifax, NS, B3H 4R2, Canada
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16
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Santi NMM, Gomes CS, da Silva DRP, Szwarcwald CL, Barros MBDA, Malta DC. Prevalence and incidence of insufficient physical activity in Brazilian adolescents during the pandemic: data from ConVid Adolescents. REVISTA BRASILEIRA DE EPIDEMIOLOGIA 2023; 26:e230049. [PMID: 37909630 PMCID: PMC10626909 DOI: 10.1590/1980-549720230049.2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2023] [Revised: 08/10/2023] [Accepted: 08/14/2023] [Indexed: 11/03/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate the prevalence and incidence of insufficient physical activity in Brazilian adolescents and identify the most affected subgroups during the pandemic. METHODS This study used data from the "ConVid Adolescents - Behavior Survey", which evaluated the behavior of 9,470 Brazilian adolescents during the period of social restriction due to the COVID-19 pandemic in 2020, through a self-administered online questionnaire. Participants were invited through a virtual "snowball" sampling procedure. Information was reported on the frequency of physical activity before and during the pandemic. The exposure variables used were gender, age group, race/skin color, region of Brazil, type of school, maternal education, financial difficulties during the pandemic, and social restrictions. Logistic regression models were used. RESULTS Adolescents engaged in less physical activity during the pandemic, as the prevalence of insufficient physical activity increased from 71.3% in the previous period to 84.3% during the pandemic. The incidence of insufficient physical activity during the pandemic was 69.6%. The subgroups of adolescents most affected were those who self-declared as black or with dark skin color, reported financial difficulties during the pandemic, lived in the Southeast and South regions of the country, and practiced intense or complete social distancing. CONCLUSION High incidences of insufficient physical activity were observed among Brazilian adolescents during the COVID-19 pandemic. It is recommended that further studies explore periods after those analyzed to identify the behavioral dynamics of adolescents upon returning to in-person activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathália Mota Mattos Santi
- Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Faculdade de Medicina, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Saúde Pública - Belo Horizonte (MG), Brasil
| | - Crizian Saar Gomes
- Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Faculdade de Medicina, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Saúde Pública - Belo Horizonte (MG), Brasil
| | - Danilo Rodrigues Pereira da Silva
- Universidade Federal de Sergipe, Departamento de Educação Física - São Cristóvão (SE), Brasil
- Universidad Autónoma de Chile, Faculty of Health Sciences - Providencia, Chile
| | - Célia Landmann Szwarcwald
- Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Instituto de Comunicação e Informação Científica e Tecnológica em Saúde - Rio de Janeiro (RJ), Brasil
| | | | - Deborah Carvalho Malta
- Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Escola de Enfermagem, Departamento de Enfermagem Materno Infantil e Saúde Pública - Belo Horizonte (MG), Brasil
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17
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Scott JJ, Vernon L, Metse AP. The International Framework for School Health Promotion: Supporting Young People Through and After the COVID-19 Pandemic. THE JOURNAL OF SCHOOL HEALTH 2023; 93:920-929. [PMID: 37434426 DOI: 10.1111/josh.13369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2023] [Revised: 06/05/2023] [Accepted: 06/22/2023] [Indexed: 07/13/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The worldwide COVID-19 government restrictions imposed on young people to limit virus spread have precipitated a growing and long-term educational and health crisis. CONTRIBUTIONS TO THE THEORY This novel study used Sen's Capabilities Approach as a theoretical framework to examine the current health and educational impacts of COVID-19 on youth, referencing emerging literature. The objective was to inform the design of an internationally relevant framework for school health promotion to support young people through and after the COVID-19 pandemic. Mapping of existing health resources, internal/external conversion factors and capabilities were used to identify classroom, school and system level strategies that will enable young people to flourish. Four central enablers were identified and used in the design of the International Framework for School Health Promotion (IFSHP). IMPLICATIONS FOR SCHOOL HEALTH POLICY, PRACTICE AND EQUITY The IFSHP can be used by educational institutions, school leaders and teachers to innovate existing health promotion programs, policies and practices to support young people through and after the COVID-19 pandemic. CONCLUSIONS School systems, schools and teachers are encouraged to utilize the IFSHP to review and innovate existing school health programs to ensure they meet the increased physical and mental health needs of young people.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph J Scott
- School of Education and Tertiary Access, University of the Sunshine Coast; Sippy Downs, QLD, 4556, Australia; School of Education, Edith Cowan University, Mount Lawley, WA, 6050, Australia
| | - Lynette Vernon
- School of Education, Edith Cowan University, Mount Lawley, WA, 6050, Australia
| | - Alexandra P Metse
- School of Health, University of the Sunshine Coast, Sippy Downs, QLD 4556, Australia; School of Psychology, University of Newcastle, University Drive, Callaghan, NSW, 2308, Australia
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18
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Farhangi MA, Fathi Azar E, Manzouri A, Rashnoo F, Shakarami A. Prolonged screen watching behavior is associated with high blood pressure among children and adolescents: a systematic review and dose-response meta-analysis. JOURNAL OF HEALTH, POPULATION, AND NUTRITION 2023; 42:89. [PMID: 37653414 PMCID: PMC10468885 DOI: 10.1186/s41043-023-00437-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2023] [Accepted: 08/25/2023] [Indexed: 09/02/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Numerous cardio-metabolic risk factors influence screen-related behaviors in children and adolescents. Numerous studies with inconsistent results revealed a relationship between blood pressure and screen time in the children and adolescents. This systematic review and meta-analysis summarized the data regarding the relationship between screen time and hypertension (HTN) in children and adolescents. METHODS We examined three electronic databases, including Scopus, PubMed, and Embase to find the recent research on the relationship between screen time and HTN up to 19 July 2022. Twenty papers were included in the final two-class and dose-response meta-analysis. We conducted subgrouping to identify the source of heterogeneity. RESULTS The highest category of screen time increased the odds of HTN by 8% [odds ratio (OR): 1.15; 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.08, 1.23; P < 0.001; I2 = 83.20%] and 1.9 mmHg increase in systolic blood pressure [weighted mean difference (WMD): 1.89; 95% CI: 0.18-3.62; P = 0.030; I2 = 83.4]. However, there was no significant difference in diastolic blood pressure. Moreover, screen time in hypertensive children and adolescents was 0.79 h (47.4 min) higher than normotensive subjects (WMD: 0.79; 95% CI: 0.02, 1.56; P = 0.046; I2 = 92.8). A departure from linearity was observed between increased screen time [digital video discs, personal computers, and video games and HTN (Pnonlinearity = 0.049). CONCLUSION This systematic meta-analysis review is the first to demonstrate a positive correlation between screen time and HTN in children and adolescents.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Elahe Fathi Azar
- Department of Occupational Therapy, School of Rehabilitation Sciences, University of Social Welfare and Rehabilitation Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ali Manzouri
- Health Policy Research Center, Institute of Health, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Fariborz Rashnoo
- Department of General and Minimally Invasive Surgery, Loghman Hakim Hospital, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Amir Shakarami
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Lorestan University of Medical Sciences, Khorramabad, Iran.
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19
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Long X, Li XY, Jiang H, Shen LD, Zhang LF, Pu Z, Gao X, Li M. Impact of the COVID-19 kindergarten closure on overweight and obesity among 3- to 7-year-old children. World J Pediatr 2023; 19:469-477. [PMID: 36507980 PMCID: PMC9742663 DOI: 10.1007/s12519-022-00651-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2022] [Accepted: 11/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Knowledge on the impact of the temporary kindergarten closure policy under COVID-19 in 2020 on childhood overweight and obesity is inadequate. We aimed to examine differences in rates of overweight and obesity from 2018 to 2021 among kindergarten children aged 3-7 years. METHODS Overweight was defined as body mass index (BMI) > 1 standard deviation (SD) for age and sex, and obesity was defined as BMI > 2 SD for age and sex. Generalized linear mixed modeling was used for analysis. RESULTS A total of 44,884 children and 71,216 growth data points from all 57 public kindergartens in Jiading District, Shanghai, China were analyzed. The rates of obesity from 2018 to 2021 were 6.9%, 6.6%, 9.5%, and 7.3% in boys and 2.8%, 2.8%, 4.5%, and 3.1% in girls, respectively. The rates of overweight from 2018 to 2021 were 14.3%, 14.3%, 18.2%, and 15.3% in boys and 10.6%, 10.9%, 13.9%, and 11.6% in girls. The rates of obesity and overweight among kindergarten children in 2020 were significantly higher than those in 2018, 2019, and 2021. Compared to 2020, the odds ratios of the obesity rate in 2018, 2019, and 2021 were 0.67 [95% confidence interval (CI) = 0.58-0.77, P < 0.001], 0.72 (95% CI = 0.64-0.80, P < 0.001) and 0.81 (95% CI = 0.72-0.92, P = 0.001), respectively. The odds ratios of the overweight rate in 2018, 2019, and 2021 were 0.75 (95% CI = 0.69-0.82, P < 0.001), 0.78 (95% CI = 0.72-0.84, P < 0.001), and 0.89 (95% CI = 0.81-0.97, P = 0.008), respectively, compared to 2020. CONCLUSIONS The rates of overweight and obesity significantly increased among kindergarten children in 2020 after the 5-month kindergarten closure. It was critical to provide guidance to caregivers on fostering a healthy lifestyle for children at home under public health emergencies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiang Long
- Department of Woman and Child Health Care, Jiading Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital, 1216 Gaotai Road, Jiading District, Shanghai 201821, China
| | - Xing-Ying Li
- School of Public Health, Key Laboratory of Health Technology Assessment (National Health Commission of the People's Republic of China), Fudan University, Mailbox 175, 138 Yixueyuan Road, Xuhui District, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Hong Jiang
- School of Public Health, Key Laboratory of Health Technology Assessment (National Health Commission of the People's Republic of China), Fudan University, Mailbox 175, 138 Yixueyuan Road, Xuhui District, Shanghai 200032, China.
| | - Lian-Di Shen
- Department of Administrative Office, Jiading Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital, 1216 Gaotai Road, Jiading District, Shanghai 201821, China.
| | - Li-Feng Zhang
- Department of Woman and Child Health Care, Jiading Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital, 1216 Gaotai Road, Jiading District, Shanghai 201821, China
| | - Zheng Pu
- Department of Woman and Child Health Care, Jiading Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital, 1216 Gaotai Road, Jiading District, Shanghai 201821, China
| | - Xia Gao
- Department of Woman and Child Health Care, Jiading Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital, 1216 Gaotai Road, Jiading District, Shanghai 201821, China
| | - Mu Li
- School of Public Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
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20
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Cheung WC, Ostrosky MM. Supporting Preschoolers' Motor Development in Virtual Environments: Listening to Teachers' Voices. EARLY CHILDHOOD EDUCATION JOURNAL 2023:1-10. [PMID: 37360591 PMCID: PMC10111320 DOI: 10.1007/s10643-023-01492-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/05/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023]
Abstract
Going down a slide, dancing to music, and pushing someone on a tire swing are more than simply "play activities" or a means to staying physically fit. Engagement in motor play provides important opportunities for preschoolers to develop a variety of skills, including gross motor, social, communication, and cognitive skills. However, during the past several years, since the identification of the COVID-19 virus, no guidelines have been available to ensure that gross motor content is addressed while simultaneously meeting the educational needs of preschoolers with and without disabilities during virtual learning. The purpose of this study was to understand the benefits and challenges that 26 preschool teachers faced as they attempted to embed motor play into their curriculum during virtual learning. All teachers worked in inclusive preschool settings and interviews were conducted between March-June 2021. Constant comparative analysis and emergent coding were used to interpret the data. Findings revealed that school readiness skills were the primary focus of virtual learning. Teachers indicated that motor play can help expand students' pre-academic skills, be fun and motivating for children, and help students be more focused and attentive. Some logistical barriers (e.g., technology, limited physical spaces, limited resources) need to be addressed in order to successfully teach motor play in a virtual format. Study findings suggest policies and guidelines need to be established to provide young children with high quality and accessible virtual instruction. Implications for research and practice are discussed. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s10643-023-01492-w.
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Affiliation(s)
- W. Catherine Cheung
- Department of Special Education, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, 288 Education, 1310 South Sixth Street, Champaign, IL 61820 USA
| | - Michaelene M. Ostrosky
- Department of Special Education, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, 288 Education, 1310 South Sixth Street, Champaign, IL 61820 USA
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21
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Moavero R, Di Micco V, Forte G, Voci A, Mazzone L, Valeriani M, Emberti Gialloreti L, Bruni O. Screen exposure and sleep: How the COVID-19 pandemic influenced children and adolescents - A questionnaire-based study. Sleep Med 2023; 107:48-54. [PMID: 37116435 PMCID: PMC10102534 DOI: 10.1016/j.sleep.2023.04.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2022] [Revised: 03/19/2023] [Accepted: 04/10/2023] [Indexed: 04/30/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND COVID-19 pandemic has drastically increased the exposure to electronic devices in children, influencing their lifestyle and their sleep. This study was conducted to explore the relationship between the augmented screen exposure and sleep habits in children during and after the pandemic. METHODS Using the "Google Forms" tool, we created an online questionnaire addressed to parents of children and adolescents aged 2-18 years. We explored the use of screens before and during/after the lockdown and assessed the presence of sleep disturbances through the Sleep Disturbance Scale for Children (SDSC), referring to the period before and during/after COVID-19 pandemic. RESULTS We collected 1084 valid questionnaires (median age 8.5 ± 4.1 years). We observed a significant increase in screens exposure for school (72%) and for leisure (49.7%) during the pandemic. We reported an increased sleep disturbances prevalence from 22.1% before the pandemic to 33.9% during the outbreak (p < 0.001). Even before the pandemic, the highest risks for sleep disorders were related to daily screen time for school reasons (OR 1.65, p < 0.001) and total screen time after 6 p.m. (OR 1.59, p < 0.001). The augmented exposure to screens for any reasons during the pandemic was significantly related to an increase of sleep disorders, especially regarding the increased exposure after 6 p.m. (OR 1.67, p < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS The augmented use of electronic devices was recognized to be a significant predisposing factor in increasing the rate of sleep disorders during and after the pandemic, thus sleep hygiene recommendations should be highlighted to improve sleep habits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Romina Moavero
- Child Neurology and Psychiatry Unit, Systems Medicine Department, Tor Vergata University of Rome, Via Montpellier 1, 00133, Rome, Italy; Developmental Neurology Unit, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, IRCCS, Piazza S. Onofrio 4, 00165, Rome, Italy.
| | - Valentina Di Micco
- Child Neurology and Psychiatry Unit, Systems Medicine Department, Tor Vergata University of Rome, Via Montpellier 1, 00133, Rome, Italy
| | - Giusy Forte
- Child Neurology and Psychiatry Unit, Systems Medicine Department, Tor Vergata University of Rome, Via Montpellier 1, 00133, Rome, Italy
| | - Alessandra Voci
- Child Neurology and Psychiatry Unit, Systems Medicine Department, Tor Vergata University of Rome, Via Montpellier 1, 00133, Rome, Italy
| | - Luigi Mazzone
- Child Neurology and Psychiatry Unit, Systems Medicine Department, Tor Vergata University of Rome, Via Montpellier 1, 00133, Rome, Italy
| | - Massimiliano Valeriani
- Developmental Neurology Unit, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, IRCCS, Piazza S. Onofrio 4, 00165, Rome, Italy; Center for Sensory-Motor Interaction, Aalborg University, Fredrik Bajers Vej 7 D3, Aalborg, DK-9220, Denmark
| | - Leonardo Emberti Gialloreti
- Department of Biomedicine and Prevention, Tor Vergata University of Rome, Via Montpellier 1, Rome, 00133, Italy
| | - Oliviero Bruni
- Department of Developmental and Social Psychology, Sapienza University, Rome, Italy
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22
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Li P, Wu T, Yang F, Luo H, Jiang D, Mu Y, Xiong T. Preschoolers' screen time in China before and during COVID-19 lockdown: a parental survey. BMJ Paediatr Open 2023; 7:10.1136/bmjpo-2022-001776. [PMID: 37094975 PMCID: PMC10151236 DOI: 10.1136/bmjpo-2022-001776] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2022] [Accepted: 03/15/2023] [Indexed: 04/26/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Since COVID-19 first appeared in Wuhan, China, in December 2019, the disease has spread rapidly across the country. To reduce the spread of infection, schools including kindergartens were closed. Prolonged home confinement can affect children's behaviour. Therefore, we investigated the change of preschoolers' total daily screen time during the COVID-19 lockdown in China. DESIGN, SETTING AND PARTICIPANTS In the parental survey, 1121 preschoolers, whose parents or grandparents completed an online survey from 1 June 2020 to 5 June 2020, were enrolled. PRIMARY OUTCOME Total daily screen time. Multivariable modelling was performed to identify factors associated with increased screen time. RESULTS The results showed that preschoolers' total daily screen time during lockdown(median 2.5 hours, IQR 2.5 hours) was significantly longer than it was before lockdown (median 1.5 hours, IQR 1.0 hour). Older age (OR 1.26, 95% CI 1.07 to 1.48), higher annual household income (OR 1.18, 95% CI 1.04 to 1.34),and decrease of moderate-vigorous physical activity (OR 1.41, 95% CI 1.20 to 1.66) were independently associated with increased screen time. CONCLUSIONS Preschoolers' total daily screen time significantly increased during lockdown.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ping Li
- Department of Pediatrics, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children (Sichuan University) Ministry of Education, Chengdu, China
| | - Tian Wu
- Department of Pediatrics, Wang Jiang Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Fan Yang
- Department of Pediatrics, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children (Sichuan University) Ministry of Education, Chengdu, China
| | - Hong Luo
- Department of Pediatrics, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Decheng Jiang
- West China School of Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yi Mu
- Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children (Sichuan University) Ministry of Education, Chengdu, China
- National Office for Maternal and Child Health Surveillance of China, Department of Obstetrics, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Tao Xiong
- Department of Pediatrics, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children (Sichuan University) Ministry of Education, Chengdu, China
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23
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Otten MH, Buysse CMP, Buddingh EP, Terheggen-Lagro SWJ, von Asmuth EGJ, de Sonnaville ESV, Ketharanathan N, Bunker-Wiersma HE, Haverman L, Hogenbirk K, de Hoog M, Humblet M, Joosten KFM, Kneyber MCJ, Krabben G, Lemson J, Maas NM, Maebe S, Roeleveld PP, van Schooneveld M, Timmers-Raaijmaakers B, van Waardenburg D, Walker JC, Wassenberg R, van Woensel JBM, de Wit E, Wolthuis DW, van Zwol A, Oostrom KJ, Knoester H, Dulfer K. Neurocognitive, Psychosocial, and Quality of Life Outcomes After Multisystem Inflammatory Syndrome in Children Admitted to the PICU. Pediatr Crit Care Med 2023; 24:289-300. [PMID: 36688688 PMCID: PMC10072052 DOI: 10.1097/pcc.0000000000003180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To investigate neurocognitive, psychosocial, and quality of life (QoL) outcomes in children with Multisystem Inflammatory Syndrome in Children (MIS-C) seen 3-6 months after PICU admission. DESIGN National prospective cohort study March 2020 to November 2021. SETTING Seven PICUs in the Netherlands. PATIENTS Children with MIS-C (0-17 yr) admitted to a PICU. INTERVENTIONS None. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS Children and/or parents were seen median (interquartile range [IQR] 4 mo [3-5 mo]) after PICU admission. Testing included assessment of neurocognitive, psychosocial, and QoL outcomes with reference to Dutch pre-COVID-19 general population norms. Effect sizes (Hedges' g ) were used to indicate the strengths and clinical relevance of differences: 0.2 small, 0.5 medium, and 0.8 and above large. Of 69 children with MIS-C, 49 (median age 11.6 yr [IQR 9.3-15.6 yr]) attended follow-up. General intelligence and verbal memory scores were normal compared with population norms. Twenty-nine of the 49 followed-up (59%) underwent extensive testing with worse function in domains such as visual memory, g = 1.0 (95% CI, 0.6-1.4), sustained attention, g = 2.0 (95% CI 1.4-2.4), and planning, g = 0.5 (95% CI, 0.1-0.9). The children also had more emotional and behavioral problems, g = 0.4 (95% CI 0.1-0.7), and had lower QoL scores in domains such as physical functioning g = 1.3 (95% CI 0.9-1.6), school functioning g = 1.1 (95% CI 0.7-1.4), and increased fatigue g = 0.5 (95% CI 0.1-0.9) compared with population norms. Elevated risk for posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) was seen in 10 of 30 children (33%) with MIS-C. Last, in the 32 parents, no elevated risk for PTSD was found. CONCLUSIONS Children with MIS-C requiring PICU admission had normal overall intelligence 4 months after PICU discharge. Nevertheless, these children reported more emotional and behavioral problems, more PTSD, and worse QoL compared with general population norms. In a subset undergoing more extensive testing, we also identified irregularities in neurocognitive functions. Whether these impairments are caused by the viral or inflammatory response, the PICU admission, or COVID-19 restrictions remains to be investigated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marieke H Otten
- Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Emma Children's Hospital, Department of Pediatric Intensive Care, Amsterdam Reproduction and Development, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Corinne M P Buysse
- Erasmus MC - Sophia Children's Hospital, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Department of Pediatric Surgery, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Emmeline P Buddingh
- Department of Pediatrics, Willem-Alexander Children's Hospital, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Suzanne W J Terheggen-Lagro
- Department of Pediatric Pulmonology, Emma Children's Hospital, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Erik G J von Asmuth
- Department of Pediatric Stem Cell Transplantation and Laboratory for Pediatric Immunology, Willem-Alexander Children's Hospital, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Eleonore S V de Sonnaville
- Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Emma Children's Hospital, Department of Pediatrics, Emma Children's Hospital Amsterdam UMC Follow-Me Program & Emma Neuroscience Group, Amsterdam Reproduction and Development, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Naomi Ketharanathan
- Erasmus MC - Sophia Children's Hospital, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Department of Pediatric Surgery, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Heleen E Bunker-Wiersma
- Department of Paediatric Intensive Care, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Lotte Haverman
- Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Emma Children's Hospital, Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychosocial Care, Amsterdam Reproduction and Development, Amsterdam Public Health, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Karin Hogenbirk
- Department of Paediatric Intensive Care, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Matthijs de Hoog
- Erasmus MC - Sophia Children's Hospital, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Department of Pediatric Surgery, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Martien Humblet
- Pediatric Intensive Care Unit, Department of Pediatrics, Maastricht University Medical Centre, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Koen F M Joosten
- Erasmus MC - Sophia Children's Hospital, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Department of Pediatric Surgery, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Martin C J Kneyber
- Division of Paediatric Intensive Care, Department of Paediatrics, Beatrix Children's Hospital, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Geanne Krabben
- Division of Paediatric Intensive Care, Department of Paediatrics, Beatrix Children's Hospital, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Joris Lemson
- Department of intensive care medicine, Radboud university medical center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Nienke M Maas
- Department of Medical Psychology, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Sofie Maebe
- Pediatric Intensive Care Unit, Department of Pediatrics, Maastricht University Medical Centre, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Peter P Roeleveld
- Department of Paediatric Intensive Care, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Monique van Schooneveld
- Sector of Neuropsychology, Department of Pediatric Psychology, Wilhelmina Children's Hospital, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Brigitte Timmers-Raaijmaakers
- Department of Pediatric Intensive Care, University Medical Center Utrecht, Wilhelmina Children's Hospital, The Netherlands
| | - Dick van Waardenburg
- Pediatric Intensive Care Unit, Department of Pediatrics, Maastricht University Medical Centre, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Jennifer C Walker
- Department of Pediatric Intensive Care, University Medical Center Utrecht, Wilhelmina Children's Hospital, The Netherlands
| | - Renske Wassenberg
- Department of Medical Psychology, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Job B M van Woensel
- Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Emma Children's Hospital, Department of Pediatric Intensive Care, Amsterdam Reproduction and Development, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Esther de Wit
- Department of Pediatric Intensive Care, University Medical Center Utrecht, Wilhelmina Children's Hospital, The Netherlands
| | - Diana W Wolthuis
- Division of Paediatric Intensive Care, Department of Paediatrics, Beatrix Children's Hospital, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Annelies van Zwol
- Department of intensive care medicine, Radboud university medical center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Kim J Oostrom
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry & Psychosocial Care, Amsterdam Reproduction and Development, Emma Children's Hospital, Amsterdam University Medical Centers (Amsterdam UMC), University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Hennie Knoester
- Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Emma Children's Hospital, Department of Pediatric Intensive Care, Amsterdam Reproduction and Development, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Karolijn Dulfer
- Erasmus MC - Sophia Children's Hospital, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Department of Pediatric Surgery, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
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24
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Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the well-being of preschoolers: A parental guide. Heliyon 2023; 9:e14332. [PMID: 36974319 PMCID: PMC10028354 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e14332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2022] [Revised: 02/13/2023] [Accepted: 02/28/2023] [Indexed: 03/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Unexpected changes brought about by the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) have affected humans worldwide. This review attempts to address major parental concerns about the development of preschool-aged children during the pandemic from the perspectives of neuropsychology, consultation, and motor development for preschoolers aged 2–5 years. Methods A total of 273 articles including original data, review articles, national and regional perspectives, government websites, and commentaries were considered in this review, of which 117 manuscripts were excluded because they were unrelated to children, adolescents, or COVID -19 pandemic/upper respiratory infections. A total of 156 manuscripts were included after reading the abstract and entire article. Results Telehealth could be an effective tool for addressing cognitive and emotional challenges that arise during the pandemic. Online consultations are highlighted for nutritional guidelines and to overcome problems that parents face when caring for children in difficult times. Outdoor activities using sanitisers, proper cleanliness, and following standard operating procedures are recommended. Parental preoccupation with media should be avoided. Interpretation: Many preschoolers show delays in reaching their developmental milestones, and the pandemic has increased parents' concerns, as access to practitioners is limited. Therefore, parents should be encouraged to undergo neuropsychological consultations whenever necessary. This study emphasises important strategies to ensure that children's development is minimally affected while staying in the confined environment of their homes. This study serves as a new guide for parents, as they raise young children in the new normal. Parents should undergo basic yearly physical, neuropsychological, nutritional, and speech checkups.
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25
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Lyu J, Yang H, Christie S. Mommy, Can I Play Outside? How Urban Design Influences Parental Attitudes on Play. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2023; 20:4909. [PMID: 36981816 PMCID: PMC10048976 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph20064909] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2023] [Revised: 02/27/2023] [Accepted: 03/01/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Although play results in physical, social, and cognitive benefits, there is a consensus that children's opportunities to play have been reduced, particularly for those who live in urban environments. What are the barriers to play, and how can we mitigate them? This review examines a critical factor in play opportunities: parents as the decision-makers with regard to children's play. Using perspectives from psychology, urban design, and cognitive science, we analyze the relationships between the design of built environments, parental attitudes and beliefs, and parental decisions on allowing children to play. For example, can a new implementation of children-centered urban design change parents' skeptical attitude toward play? By drawing from global studies, we chart (1) the three key beliefs of parents regarding play and built environments: play should benefit learning, be safe, and match the child's competence and (2) the design principles that can foster these beliefs: learning, social, and progressive challenge designs. By making the link between parents, urban design, and play explicit, this paper aims to inform parents, educators, policymakers, urban planners, and architects on the evidence-based measures for creating and increasing opportunities to play.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinyun Lyu
- Tsinghua Laboratory of Brain and Intelligence, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
- Department of Psychology, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Huiying Yang
- Tsinghua Laboratory of Brain and Intelligence, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
- Department of Psychology, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Stella Christie
- Tsinghua Laboratory of Brain and Intelligence, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
- Department of Psychology, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
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26
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Lewis KL, Howard SJ, Verenikina I, Kervin LK. Parent perspectives on young children's changing digital practices: Insights from Covid-19. JOURNAL OF EARLY CHILDHOOD RESEARCH : ECR 2023; 21:76-90. [PMID: 38603242 PMCID: PMC9813658 DOI: 10.1177/1476718x221145486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/27/2023]
Abstract
Young children's use of digital technologies has presented challenges for parents, particularly in response to an increased reliance on digital resources during the Covid-19 pandemic. This mixed-methods study explored young children's digital practices within the context of their families and homes. Although this study was originally planned, the timing of data collection meant that it was uniquely positioned to capture parent perspectives as the pandemic and first lockdown was unfolding in Australia. Data was collected through questionnaire (N = 101) and semistructured interview (n = 20) about status and change in children's digital practices, and parents' rules and flexibility in governing these experiences. Quantitative findings suggested children's frequency and duration of digital device use trended upwards during lockdown, and parents were more flexible in their rules about the amount of screen time, as well as when and where children could use digital devices. Qualitative results suggested that, more than a temporary and situational change, for many parents, exposure to new ways of engaging with digital technologies facilitated a shift in their perceptions, leading to greater consideration of quality in their choices for their children. This study highlights the influential role of parents in shaping children's digital experiences. Understanding their perceptions, as well as children's current and shifting digital practices in the home, is important for informing efforts and guidance for supporting young children's safe and effective use of digital technologies.
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27
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Lee S, Zhang A, Liu L, Salvo D, Wang L. Changes in physical activity and sedentary time among children with asthma during the COVID-19 pandemic and influencing factors. J Asthma 2023; 60:525-533. [PMID: 35531928 PMCID: PMC9643657 DOI: 10.1080/02770903.2022.2070761] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2021] [Revised: 04/01/2022] [Accepted: 04/22/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Regular physical activity is essential for asthma control in children, but it remains understudied within the context of COVID-19. Physical activity and sedentary time levels before and during the COVID-19 pandemic among children with asthma were documented and differences by characteristics were explored. METHODS This was a cross-sectional self-administered online survey study of 5- to 17-year-old children with asthma from the United States between December 2020 and April 2021. RESULTS This study included 68 children with asthma. Although only 4.6% of the children were fully inactive before the pandemic, this number increased to 24.6% during the survey period (p < 0.001). Children spent significantly less time outdoors and more time in front of screens during the pandemic versus before (p < 0.001). The variety of activities in which children with asthma engaged in during the pandemic was lower than what they used to do prior to the COVID-19 crisis. Boys, Hispanic children, those of low-income households, and those not attending school in-person were significantly associated with less participation in physical activity during the pandemic. Ethnicity remained significantly associated after adjusting for multiple comparisons. CONCLUSIONS During the COVID-19 pandemic, children with asthma were less active and spent more time in front of screens and less time outdoors. Subgroup analyses revealed individual, parental, and organizational characteristics being associated with differential participation in physical activity, highlighting disparities in opportunities for children with asthma of different circumstances to remain active and healthy during the pandemic. Additional, more robust longitudinal studies are needed to confirm these results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandra Lee
- Division of Allergy and Immunology, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Ai Zhang
- Division of Allergy and Immunology, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Lei Liu
- Division of Biostatistics, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Deborah Salvo
- Prevention Research Center, Washington University in Saint Louis, Saint Louis, MO, USA
| | - Leyao Wang
- Division of Allergy and Immunology, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
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28
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Changes in Physical Activity and Depression among Korean Adolescents Due to COVID-19: Using Data from the 17th (2021) Korea Youth Risk Behavior Survey. Healthcare (Basel) 2023; 11:healthcare11040517. [PMID: 36833051 PMCID: PMC9956099 DOI: 10.3390/healthcare11040517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2023] [Revised: 01/31/2023] [Accepted: 02/08/2023] [Indexed: 02/12/2023] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to identify changes in the health behavior and mental health of adolescents due to coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) and the characteristics related to changes in physical activity and depression among health behavior changes. Data were extracted from the 17th Korea Youth Risk Behavior Web-based Survey of 54,835 adolescents. We classified the adolescents into three groups according to changes in physical activity and depression: no change, increased, or decreased. Independent variables included changes in health behavior due to COVID-19, demographic characteristics, health-related behavior, and mental health. Data were analyzed using the χ2-test and multiple logistic regressions using the SPSS Statistics 27 program. Changes in physical activity and depression showing negative changes due to the pandemic were related to factors such as having breakfast, current smoking, current drinking, stress, loneliness, despair, suicidal ideation, suicide plans, and suicide attempts. The related factors differed between the increased and decreased groups. The results of this study confirm that it is necessary to develop programs to promote the health of youth by considering the factors that affect physical activity and depression, which in turn influences the status of their health.
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29
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Identifying Risk Profiles for Nonadherence to the 24-Hour Movement Guidelines for Children and Youth 6 Months Into the COVID-19 Pandemic. Pediatr Exerc Sci 2023:1-10. [PMID: 36630968 DOI: 10.1123/pes.2021-0186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2021] [Revised: 06/09/2022] [Accepted: 10/19/2022] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE The purposes of the current study were to identify risk profiles for nonadherence among children and youth (5-17 y) at the 6-month mark of the COVID-19 pandemic and to discuss similarities and differences between risk profiles identified in the current study and those identified at the 1-month mark of the pandemic. METHODS Data were part of a nationally representative sample of 1143 parents (Mage = 43.07 y, SD = 8.16) of children and youth (5-17 y) living in Canada. Survey data were collected in October 2020. RESULTS Results showed that 3.8% met all movement behavior recommendations, 16.2% met the physical activity recommendation, 27% met the screen time recommendation, and 63.8% met the sleep recommendation. Characteristics associated with nonadherence to all movement behaviors included low parental perceived capability to restrict screen time and decreased overall time spent outdoors. Characteristics associated with nonadherence to the physical activity and screen time recommendations included youth (12-17 y), low parental perceived capability to restrict screen time, decreased time spent outdoors, and increased screen time. CONCLUSION Results emphasized the importance of parental perceived capability to restrict screen time and children's and youth's outdoor time and showed that pandemic-related factors have impacted children and youth differently.
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30
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Larrinaga-Undabarrena A, Río X, Sáez I, Angulo-Garay G, Aguirre-Betolaza AM, Albisua N, Martínez de Lahidalga Aguirre G, Sánchez Isla JR, García N, Urbano M, Guerra-Balic M, Fernández JR, Coca A. Physical Activity Levels and Sleep in Schoolchildren (6-17) with and without School Sport. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2023; 20:1263. [PMID: 36674025 PMCID: PMC9859001 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph20021263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2022] [Revised: 01/05/2023] [Accepted: 01/06/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
There is strong evidence to support the association between daily physical activity and sleep parameters in children and adolescents. Physical activity and outdoor play are favourably associated with most sleep outcomes in school children. The aim is to find out the levels of physical activity and the quality of sleep in Basque schoolchildren aged between six and seventeen and to analyse the possible differences between those who carry out some kind of physical sports activity and those who do not. The sample consisted of 1082 schoolchildren (50.1% male and 49.9% female). Differences between groups were compared using the Mann-Whitney U test (2 samples) and Kruskal-Wallis one-factor ANOVA (k samples). A total of 723 (66.94%) of the participants said they practiced some physical sports activity. The accelerometers obtained significant differences in all levels of physical activity, as well as in sleep efficiency, with higher levels of physical activity (sedentary p = 0.001; light p = 0.017; moderate p = 0.009; vigorous p = 0.001 and moderate-to-vigorous physical activity p = 0.002) and better sleep efficiency (p = 0.002) in those schoolchildren who perform some type of physical sports activity. A significant difference in time spent in sedentary activities was also observed between primary and secondary school pupils of both sexes and regardless of the degree of physical sports activity completion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arkaitz Larrinaga-Undabarrena
- Department of Physical Activity and Sport Science, Faculty of Education and Sport, University of Deusto, 48007 Bilbao, Spain
- Department of Physical Activity and Health, Osasuna Mugimendua Kontrola S.L. Mugikon, 48450 Bilbao, Spain
| | - Xabier Río
- Department of Physical Activity and Sport Science, Faculty of Education and Sport, University of Deusto, 48007 Bilbao, Spain
- Department of Physical Activity and Health, Osasuna Mugimendua Kontrola S.L. Mugikon, 48450 Bilbao, Spain
| | - Iker Sáez
- Department of Physical Activity and Sport Science, Faculty of Education and Sport, University of Deusto, 48007 Bilbao, Spain
| | - Garazi Angulo-Garay
- Department of Physical Activity and Sport Science, Faculty of Education and Sport, University of Deusto, 48007 Bilbao, Spain
| | - Aitor Martinez Aguirre-Betolaza
- Department of Physical Activity and Sport Science, Faculty of Education and Sport, University of Deusto, 48007 Bilbao, Spain
| | - Neritzel Albisua
- Faculty of Humanities and Education Science, Mondragon University, 20500 Arrasate, Spain
- Athlon Cooperative Society, 20500 Arrasate, Spain
| | | | | | - Natalia García
- Department of Physical Activity and Sport Science, Faculty of Education and Sport, University of Deusto, 48007 Bilbao, Spain
| | - Mikel Urbano
- Department of Physical Activity and Health, Osasuna Mugimendua Kontrola S.L. Mugikon, 48450 Bilbao, Spain
| | - Myriam Guerra-Balic
- Faculty of Psychology, Education and Sport Sciences—Blanquerna, University Ramon Llull, 08022 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Juan Ramón Fernández
- Public College of Sports Teachings, Kirolene, Basque Government, 48200 Durango, Spain
| | - Aitor Coca
- Department of Physical Activity and Sports Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, Euneiz University, 01013 Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain
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31
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Khader Y, Wang C, Guo X, Xu H, Qin Z, Tao L. Effects of Greenness on Myopia Risk and School-Level Myopia Prevalence Among High School-Aged Adolescents: Cross-sectional Study. JMIR Public Health Surveill 2023; 9:e42694. [PMID: 36622746 PMCID: PMC9871879 DOI: 10.2196/42694] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2022] [Revised: 11/26/2022] [Accepted: 11/28/2022] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Myopia is a serious public health issue. High school-aged adolescents in Beijing have an alarming prevalence of myopia. Therefore, determining myopia protective factors is essential. Green space has a certain association with myopia protective factors that can protect against myopia. OBJECTIVE This study aims to examine the effects of green space around schools on individual myopia risk in high school-aged adolescents and the school-level myopia prevalence. METHODS Green space was measured using the normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI). A total of 13,380 samples of 51 high schools were selected from a 2021 Beijing Municipal Health Commission survey. Adolescent myopia was defined as a spherical equivalent of ≤-1.00 diopters in the worse eye. Generalized linear mixed models with a binomial error structure were used to analyze the effects of the NDVI on personal myopia risk and adjust them by other factors, such as demographics, exposure time, and outdoor exercise. The effects of the NDVI on school-level myopia prevalence with adjusted demographics and the relative position factors of trees were analyzed through quasibinomial regression. RESULTS The overall prevalence of myopia was 80.61% (10,785/13,380, 95% CI 79.93%-81.27%). Although with a 0.1 increase in the 500 and 1000 m buffer NDVIs adjusted by demographic and other factors, the high school-aged personal myopia risk significantly dropped by 16% (odds ratio [OR] 0.84, 95% CI 0.73-0.97) and 12% (OR 0.88, 95% CI 0.79-0.99), respectively. However, only the adjusted 500 m buffer NDVI (by demographics and the position of trees) with a 0.1 increase significantly reduced the school-level myopia prevalence by 15% (OR 0.85, 95% CI 0.74-0.98). Subgroup analysis showed that the adjusted effects of the 500 m buffer NDVI are significant in schoolgirls (OR 0.82, 95% CI 0.72-0.93), juniors (OR 0.82, 95% CI 0.72-0.94), the Han nationality (OR 0.84, 95% CI 0.72-0.97), 1-year exposure (OR 0.84, 95% CI 0.71-0.99) and 3-year exposure (OR 0.78, 95% CI 0.65-0.94). CONCLUSIONS The greenness of a 500 m buffer around schools is associated with a lower personal myopia risk among adolescents and a lower prevalence of myopia in schools. With regard to prevention and control activities, green space within a 500 m buffer around schools is suggested as an independent protective factor for adolescent myopia.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Cheng Wang
- Research Institute of Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing, China
| | - Xin Guo
- Institute of School Health, Beijing Center for Disease Prevention and Control, Beijing, China.,School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Huiyu Xu
- Institute of School Health, Beijing Center for Disease Prevention and Control, Beijing, China.,School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Zihao Qin
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Liyuan Tao
- Research Center of Clinical Epidemiology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China.,Medical Examination Centre, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China
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Heidari-Beni M, Bemanalizadeh M, Heshmat R, Qorbani M, Kelishadi R. Changes in Lifestyle Behaviors of Children and Adolescents during the COVID-19 Pandemic and the Impact on the Development of Non-Communicable Diseases: A Narrative Review. Med J Islam Repub Iran 2022; 36:165. [PMID: 36820330 PMCID: PMC9938715 DOI: 10.47176/mjiri.36.165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2021] [Indexed: 02/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Quarantine restrictions have changed the usual lifestyle habits of children and adolescents. In this review, we summarize how the COVID-19 outbreak changed lifestyle during childhood and discuss potential short- and long-term effects of NCD high-risk behaviors on health outcomes. Methods: literature search was conducted in Medline database (PubMed), Scopus, Embase, Web of Science, and Google Scholar. All studies that assessed the relationship between COVID-19 outbreak and lifestyle changes were included. Results: NCD risk factors such as unhealthy diet, physical inactivity, prolonged screen time and sedentary behavior, disrupted sleep schedules and sleep quality, as well as mental disorders during COVID19 in childhood, may increase the susceptibility to NCDs in adulthood. These changes in lifestyle behaviors have short and long-term cardio-metabolic and psychological health outcomes. Since it is not clear when COVID-19 is completely controlled, assessment of the interactions between COVID-19 and lifestyle activities in the pediatric age group is critical. Conclusion: The pandemic of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has greatly influenced all levels of health systems. During the COVID-19 pandemic, prevention and management of non-communicable diseases (NCDs) will need to be prioritized even further.
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Affiliation(s)
- Motahar Heidari-Beni
- Department of Nutrition, Child Growth and Development Research Center, Research Institute for Primordial Prevention of Non-Communicable Disease, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Maryam Bemanalizadeh
- Department of Pediatrics, Child Growth and Development Research Center, Research Institute for Primordial Prevention of Non-Communicable Disease, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Ramin Heshmat
- Department of Epidemiology, Chronic Diseases Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Population Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mostafa Qorbani
- Department of Epidemiology & Biostatistics, Non-Communicable Diseases Research Center, Alborz University of Medical Sciences, Karaj, Iran ,Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Clinical Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran, Corresponding author:Mostafa Qorbani,
| | - Roya Kelishadi
- Department of Pediatrics, Child Growth and Development Research Center, Research Institute for Primordial Prevention of Non-Communicable Disease, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran, Corresponding author:Roya Kelishadi,
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Beck F, Schmidt SCE, Woll A, Reimers AK. Family predictors of physical activity change during the COVID-19 lockdown in preschool children in Germany. J Behav Med 2022:10.1007/s10865-022-00382-7. [PMID: 36527573 PMCID: PMC9759046 DOI: 10.1007/s10865-022-00382-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2022] [Accepted: 11/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic is associated with crucial changes in children's daily life including their physical activity (PA) and screen time (ST). Among preschool children, the family represents an important factor for sufficient PA levels by being the gatekeeper for PA. Thus, the aim of this study was to investigate the influence of the family environment, specifically SES, parental support, and having siblings on COVID-19-related changes of PA and ST behavior in 317 (170 boys, 147 girls) German preschool children using longitudinal data. Our results indicate a decline in total amount of sports-related PA, an increase in outdoor play, as well as an increase in leisure ST in preschool children. The changes in total amount of PA differed between children with different levels of parental support as well as in dependence on having siblings. Furthermore, levels of outdoor play and ST in preschool children were influenced by environmental factors like having access to their own garden. We conclude that the family environment (parental support as well as physical environment) is highly relevant for PA and ST levels in preschool children. To provide every child with PA opportunities during potential future lockdowns, restriction policies should be adapted and parents need sophisticated information about the importance of their support and thus the PA levels of their children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Franziska Beck
- grid.5330.50000 0001 2107 3311Department of Sport Science and Sport, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Gebbertstraße 123B, 91052 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Steffen C. E. Schmidt
- Institute of Sport Science & Sport, Karlsruher Institute of Technology, Engler-Bunte-Ring 15, 76131 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Alexander Woll
- Institute of Sport Science & Sport, Karlsruher Institute of Technology, Engler-Bunte-Ring 15, 76131 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Anne K. Reimers
- grid.5330.50000 0001 2107 3311Department of Sport Science and Sport, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Gebbertstraße 123B, 91052 Erlangen, Germany
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Yip KM, Wong SWS, Chua GT, So HK, Ho FK, Wong RS, Tung KTS, Chan EYN, Tso WWY, Chow BC, Fung GPG, Wong WHS, Ip P. Age- and Sex-Specific Physical Fitness Reference and Association with Body Mass Index in Hong Kong Chinese Schoolchildren. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:15346. [PMID: 36430065 PMCID: PMC9690690 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph192215346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2022] [Revised: 11/16/2022] [Accepted: 11/17/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
There is lacking a population-based study on the fitness level of Hong Kong schoolchildren, and it seems that increasing childhood obesity prevalence has shifted the classification of healthy fitness, with 'underfit' as normal. This cross-sectional territory study aimed to develop an age- and sex-specific physical fitness reference using a representative sample of children aged 6-17 and to determine the associations with body mass index in schoolchildren. The study analyzed Hong Kong School Physical Fitness Award Scheme data covering grade 1 to grade 12 students' physical fitness and anthropometric measurements from 2017 to 2018. This reference was established without the impact due to COVID-19. Four aspects of physical fitness tests were measured using a standardized protocol, including (i) upper limb muscle strength, (ii) one-minute sit-up, (iii) sit-and-reach, and (iv) endurance run tests. The generalized additive model for location, scale, and shape was used to construct the reference charts. A Mann-Whitney U test was used to compare the mean differences in age, weight, and height, and a Pearson's chi-square test was used to examine the distributions of sex groups. A Kruskal-Wallis test was used to compare the group differences in BMI status, followed by the Dunn test for pairwise comparisons. A 5% level of significance was regarded as statistically significant. Data of 119,693 students before the COVID-19 pandemic were included in the analysis. The association between physical fitness level and BMI status varied depending on the test used, and there were significant differences in fitness test scores among BMI groups. The mean test scores of the obese group were lower in most of the tests for both boys and girls, except for handgrip strength. The underweight group outperformed the obese group in push-ups, one-minute sit-ups, and endurance run tests, but not in handgrip strength. In conclusion, a sex- and age-specific physical fitness reference value for Hong Kong Chinese children aged 6 to 17 years old is established, and this study demonstrated a nonlinear relationship between BMI status and physical fitness. The reference will help to identify children with poor physical fitness to offer support and guidance on exercise training. It also serves as a baseline for assessing the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on Hong Kong students' physical fitness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ka-Man Yip
- Department of Paediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Sam W. S. Wong
- Physical Fitness Association of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Gilbert T. Chua
- Department of Paediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Hung-Kwan So
- Department of Paediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Frederick K. Ho
- Institute of Health and Wellbeing, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, UK
| | - Rosa S. Wong
- Department of Paediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Keith T. S. Tung
- Department of Paediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Elaine Y. N. Chan
- Department of Paediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Winnie W. Y. Tso
- Department of Paediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Bik-Chu. Chow
- Department of Sport, Physical Education and Health, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Genevieve P. G. Fung
- Department of Paediatrics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Wilfred H. S. Wong
- Department of Paediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Patrick Ip
- Department of Paediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
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Global Matrix 4.0 Physical Activity Report Card Grades for Children and Adolescents: Results and Analyses From 57 Countries. J Phys Act Health 2022; 19:700-728. [DOI: 10.1123/jpah.2022-0456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2022] [Revised: 09/14/2022] [Accepted: 09/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Background: The Global Matrix 4.0 on physical activity (PA) for children and adolescents was developed to achieve a comprehensive understanding of the global variation in children’s and adolescents’ (5–17 y) PA, related measures, and key sources of influence. The objectives of this article were (1) to summarize the findings from the Global Matrix 4.0 Report Cards, (2) to compare indicators across countries, and (3) to explore trends related to the Human Development Index and geo-cultural regions. Methods: A total of 57 Report Card teams followed a harmonized process to grade the 10 common PA indicators. An online survey was conducted to collect Report Card Leaders’ top 3 priorities for each PA indicator and their opinions on how the COVID-19 pandemic impacted child and adolescent PA indicators in their country. Results: Overall Physical Activity was the indicator with the lowest global average grade (D), while School and Community and Environment were the indicators with the highest global average grade (C+). An overview of the global situation in terms of surveillance and prevalence is provided for all 10 common PA indicators, followed by priorities and examples to support the development of strategies and policies internationally. Conclusions: The Global Matrix 4.0 represents the largest compilation of children’s and adolescents’ PA indicators to date. While variation in data sources informing the grades across countries was observed, this initiative highlighted low PA levels in children and adolescents globally. Measures to contain the COVID-19 pandemic, local/international conflicts, climate change, and economic change threaten to worsen this situation.
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Li G, Yang L, Xu X, Chen M, Cai Y, Wen Y, Xie X, Lu X, Luo S, Lin S, Li H, Wu S. Physical Changes of Preschool Children during COVID-19 School Closures in Fujian, China. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:13699. [PMID: 36294276 PMCID: PMC9602639 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph192013699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2022] [Revised: 10/14/2022] [Accepted: 10/17/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic may constitute an "obesogenic lifestyle" that results in exacerbating childhood obesity. However, studies investigating regional sociodemographic factors including different age groups or sexes in children with obesity are lacking. We aimed to clarify the high obesity prevalence populations of preschool children to provide a regional basis for children's health policy during the COVID-19 school closures. From May to September 2019, a total of 29,518 preschool children were included in a large sample, multicenter cross-sectional study to explore physical status in Fujian Province by stratified cluster random sampling. In October 2019 and October 2020, we also conducted a cross-sectional study exploring physical development including changes in height, weight, and BMI of 1688 preschool children in Fuzhou before and after the COVID-19 school closures. Student' s t-test, Mann-Whitney U test, or chi-square test was used to assess differences in physical development and overweight and obesity rates among preschool children before and after school closures. For regional factors, the weight of urban preschool children of all ages became higher after the outbreak (p (age 3-4) = 0.009; p (age 4-5) < 0.001; p (age 5-6) = 0.002). For sex factors, overweight and obesity in boys had a greater prevalence than in girls before and after the outbreak. In four age groups, overweight and obesity rates in the 5-year-old group (15.5% and 9.9%) were higher than before (11.4% and 6.0%). The weight and BMI of 4- to 5-year-old children also increased faster than before (p < 0.001). The COVID-19 pandemic has promoted the epidemic of childhood obesity. Living in urban/coastal (economically developed) areas, boys, and aged 4-6 years old may be a susceptible population to obesity development after the outbreak.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guobo Li
- Department of Child Healthcare Centre, Fujian Maternity and Child Health Hospital, College of Clinical Medicine for Obstetrics & Gynecology and Pediatrics, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350001, China
| | - Le Yang
- School of Public Health, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350122, China
| | - Xingyan Xu
- School of Public Health, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350122, China
| | - Mingjun Chen
- School of Public Health, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350122, China
| | - Yingying Cai
- Department of Developmental and Behavioral Pediatrics, Fujian Children’s Hospital, Fuzhou 350014, China
| | - Yeying Wen
- School of Public Health, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350122, China
| | - Xiaoxu Xie
- School of Public Health, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350122, China
| | - Xinyue Lu
- School of Public Health, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350122, China
| | - Suping Luo
- School of Public Health, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350122, China
| | - Shaowei Lin
- School of Public Health, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350122, China
| | - Huangyuan Li
- School of Public Health, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350122, China
| | - Siying Wu
- School of Public Health, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350122, China
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The global evolution of mental health problems during the COVID-19 pandemic: A systematic review and meta-analysis of longitudinal studies. J Affect Disord 2022; 315:70-95. [PMID: 35842064 PMCID: PMC9278995 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2022.07.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 35.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2022] [Revised: 06/17/2022] [Accepted: 07/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The COVID-19 pandemic impacted mental health, but the global evolution of mental health problems during the pandemic is unknown. We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis of longitudinal studies to evaluate the global evolution of mental health problems during the pandemic. METHODS To conduct this systematic review, we searched for published articles from APA PsycInfo (Ovid), CINAHL (EBSCOhost), Embase (Ovid), MEDLINE (Ovid), and Web of Science. Longitudinal (at least 2 waves during the COVID-19 pandemic) and peer-reviewed articles on mental health problems conducted as from 2020 and after were included in the current study. Of 394 eligible full texts, 64 articles were included in the analysis. We computed random effects, standardized mean differences, and log odds ratio (LOR) with 95 % CIs. The meta-analysis protocol was registered with PROSPERO (CRD42021273624). RESULTS Results showed that anxiety (LOR = -0.33; 95 % CI, -0.54, -0.12) and depression symptoms (LOR = -0.12; 95 % CI, -0.21, -0.04) decreased from baseline to follow up. However, other mental health problems showed no change. Higher prevalence rates (40.9 %; 95 % CI, 16.1 %-65.8 %) of psychological distress were found in months after July 2020, respectively, while there were no significant month differences for the prevalence of other mental health problems. Higher means of anxiety (d = 3.63, 95 % CI, 1.66, 5.61), depression (d = 3.93; 95 % CI, 1.68, 6.17), and loneliness (d = 5.96; 95 % CI, 3.22, 8.70) were observed in May 2020. Higher prevalence of anxiety, depression, and PTSD and higher means of anxiety, depression and loneliness were observed in North America. The prevalence of psychological distress and insomnia was higher in Latin America and Europe, respectively. LIMITATIONS There is a lack of longitudinal studies in some parts of the world, such as Africa, the Caribbean, India, the Middle East, in Latin America, and Asia. CONCLUSIONS Results indicated that anxiety and depression symptoms decreased during the COVID-19 pandemic while other mental health problems showed no statistical change. The findings reveal that mental health problems peaked in April and May 2020. Prevalence of mental health problems remains high during the pandemic and mental health prevention, promotion and intervention programs should be implemented to mitigate the consequences of the COVID-19 pandemic on the global population.
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Ludwig O, Dindorf C, Schuh T, Haab T, Marchetti J, Fröhlich M. Effects of Feedback-Supported Online Training during the Coronavirus Lockdown on Posture in Children and Adolescents. J Funct Morphol Kinesiol 2022; 7:jfmk7040088. [PMID: 36278749 PMCID: PMC9624311 DOI: 10.3390/jfmk7040088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2022] [Revised: 10/10/2022] [Accepted: 10/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
(1) Background. The coronavirus pandemic had a serious impact on the everyday life of children and young people with sometimes drastic effects on daily physical activity time that could have led to posture imbalances. The aim of the study was to examine whether a six-week, feedback-supported online training programme could improve posture parameters in young soccer players. (2) Methods. Data of 170 adolescent soccer players (age 15.6 ± 1.6 years) were analyzed. A total of 86 soccer players of a youth academy participated in an online training program that included eight exercises twice per week for 45 min (Zoom group). The participants’ exercise execution could be monitored and corrected via smartphone or laptop camera. Before and after the training intervention, participants’ posture was assessed using photographic analysis. The changes of relevant posture parameters (perpendicular positions of ear, shoulder and hips, pelvic tilt, trunk tilt and sacral angle) were statistically tested by robust mixed ANOVA using trimmed means. Postural parameters were also assessed post hoc at 8-week intervals in a control group of 84 participants of the same age. (3) Results. We found a statistically significant interaction (p < 0.05) between time and group for trunk tilt, head and shoulder protrusion and for hip anteversion in the Zoom group. No changes were found for these parameters in the control group. For pelvic tilt no significant changes were found. (4) Conclusions. Feedback-based online training with two 45 min sessions per week can improve postural parameters in adolescent soccer players over a period of six weeks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oliver Ludwig
- Department of Sports Science, Technische Universität Kaiserslautern, 67663 Kaiserslautern, Germany
- Correspondence:
| | - Carlo Dindorf
- Department of Sports Science, Technische Universität Kaiserslautern, 67663 Kaiserslautern, Germany
| | - Torsten Schuh
- Sport Performance Education, 66386 Sankt Ingbert, Germany
| | - Thomas Haab
- Institute of Sports Science, Saarland University, 66123 Saarbrücken, Germany
| | - Johannes Marchetti
- Department of Sports Science, Technische Universität Kaiserslautern, 67663 Kaiserslautern, Germany
- Institute of Sports Science, Saarland University, 66123 Saarbrücken, Germany
| | - Michael Fröhlich
- Department of Sports Science, Technische Universität Kaiserslautern, 67663 Kaiserslautern, Germany
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Tapia-Serrano MA, Sánchez-Oliva D, Sevil-Serrano J, Marques A, Sánchez-Miguel PA. 24-h movement behaviours in Spanish youth before and after 1-year into the covid-19 pandemic and its relationship to academic performance. Sci Rep 2022; 12:16660. [PMID: 36198729 PMCID: PMC9533995 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-21096-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2022] [Accepted: 09/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Most studies have shown a decline in the adherence to 24-Hour Movement Guidelines because of Covid-19 lockdown. However, there is little evidence regarding changes 1-year after the pandemic in these guidelines and their possible impact on academic performance. The study aims were: (1) to examine the possible changes in 24-Hour Movement Guidelines for youth (i.e., at least 60 min per day of moderate-to-vigorous physical activity, ≤ 2 h per day of recreational screen time, and 9 to 11 h of sleep per day for children and 8 to 10 h for adolescents) before and after 1-year into the Covid-19 pandemic, and (2) to examine the possible changes in the relationship between 24-Hour Movement Behaviours (physical activity, screen time, and sleep duration) and academic performance before and after 1-year into the Covid-19. This is a repeated cross-sectional study in two different samples of young Spanish at different times. Firstly, a total of 844 students (13.12 ± 0.86; 42.7% girls) completed a series of valid and reliable questionnaires about physical activity levels, recreational screen time, sleep duration and academic performance before Covid-19 pandemic (March to June 2018). Secondly, a different sample of 501 students (14.39 ± 1.16; 55.3% girls) completed the same questionnaires 1-year after Covid-19 pandemic (February to March 2021). Adherence to the three 24-Hour Movement Guidelines was significantly lower 1-year after into the Covid-19 pandemic (0.2%) than before the pandemic (3.3%), while adherence to none of these three recommendations was significantly higher 1-year after the Covid-19 pandemic (66.3%) than before the pandemic (28.9%). The positive relationship between physical activity levels and academic performance was no longer significant after 1-year into Covid-19 pandemic (β = − 0.26; p < 0.001). 1-year after Covid-19 pandemic, the relationship between recreational screen time (β = − 0.05; p > 0.05) and sleep duration (β = 0.05; p < 0.001) with academic performance did not change compared to pre-pandemic. The results suggest that 24-Hour Movement Behaviours have worsened among young people 1-year after Covid-19 pandemic compared to pre-pandemic period. Moreover, the physical activity benefits associated in terms of academic performance seem to have disappeared because of the Covid-19 pandemic. Therefore, there is a public health problem that requires priority and coordinated action by schools, policy makers, and researchers to mitigate the adverse effects of the pandemic on 24-Hour Movement Behaviours.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miguel Angel Tapia-Serrano
- Departamento de Didáctica de la Expresión Musical, Plástica y Corporal, Grupo Análisis Comportamental de la Actividad Física y el Deporte (ACAFYDE), Facultad de Formación del Profesorado, Universidad de Extremadura, Av. de la Universidad, s/n, 10004, Cáceres, Spain.
| | - David Sánchez-Oliva
- Departamento de Didáctica de la Expresión Musical, Plástica y Corporal, Grupo Análisis Comportamental de la Actividad Física y el Deporte (ACAFYDE), Facultad de Ciencias del Deporte, Universidad de Extremadura, Av. de la Universidad, s/n, 10004, Cáceres, Spain
| | - Javier Sevil-Serrano
- Departamento de Didáctica de la Expresión Musical, Plástica y Corporal, Grupo Análisis Comportamental de la Actividad Física y el Deporte (ACAFYDE), Facultad de Formación del Profesorado, Universidad de Extremadura, Av. de la Universidad, s/n, 10004, Cáceres, Spain
| | - Adilson Marques
- CIPER, Faculdade de Motricidade Humana, Universidade de Lisboa, 1499-002, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Pedro Antonio Sánchez-Miguel
- Departamento de Didáctica de la Expresión Musical, Plástica y Corporal, Grupo Análisis Comportamental de la Actividad Física y el Deporte (ACAFYDE), Facultad de Ciencias del Deporte, Universidad de Extremadura, Av. de la Universidad, s/n, 10004, Cáceres, Spain
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Wirnitzer KC, Tanous DR, Motevalli M, Göbel G, Wirnitzer G, Drenowatz C, Ruedl G, Cocca A, Kirschner W. Study protocol of "From Science 2 School"-prevalence of sports and physical exercise linked to omnivorous, vegetarian and vegan, diets among Austrian secondary schools. Front Sports Act Living 2022; 4:967915. [PMID: 36249320 PMCID: PMC9554638 DOI: 10.3389/fspor.2022.967915] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2022] [Accepted: 09/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The increasing prevalence of unhealthy lifestyle choices contribute to almost all chronic conditions negatively affecting individual and public health. As the most beneficial preventative solution, a healthy lifestyle focusing on the dual approach of physical activity (PA) and a healthful diet is highly recommended. Considering the growing number of people interested in sustainable, plant-based diets, it seems crucial to analyze lifestyle behaviors with a special focus on diet type to delve deeper into the unenthusiastic health status among young populations. Therefore, this multidisciplinary study aims to survey and scale health behaviors with a special focus on the prevalence of traditional and vegetarian diets in connection with PA levels among Austrian pupils (10-19 years), teachers and principals in secondary education levels I and II. Following a cross-sectional design, sociodemographic and school-related data along with a complete profile of lifestyle behaviors, including detailed information regarding diet, PA, sports & exercise, and other health-related behaviors, were collected using online-based questionnaires. A total number of 8,845 children/adolescents (~1.2% of the eligible 771,525 Austrian secondary school pupils) and 1,350 adults (~1.5% of total eligible 89,243 Austrian teachers/principals) participated in the study. As this is the first investigation to explore the prevalence of veganism/vegetarianism amongst a large group of pupils, the present study will add an important contribution to overcome the lack of knowledge on PA, sports & exercise linked to healthy alternative diets. With a sustainable healthy lifestyle, a healthy transition from childhood to adulthood occurs, which can result in growing healthier functioning generations at all social levels. As a study protocol, the present article is intended to present comprehensive details of the study design, objectives, and the associated analytical procedures of the "From Science 2 School" study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katharina C. Wirnitzer
- Department of Research and Development in Teacher Education, University College of Teacher Education Tyrol, Innsbruck, Austria
- Department of Sport Science, Leopold-Franzens University Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
- Research Center Medical Humanities, Leopold-Franzens University Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Derrick R. Tanous
- Department of Research and Development in Teacher Education, University College of Teacher Education Tyrol, Innsbruck, Austria
- Department of Sport Science, Leopold-Franzens University Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Mohamad Motevalli
- Department of Research and Development in Teacher Education, University College of Teacher Education Tyrol, Innsbruck, Austria
- Department of Sport Science, Leopold-Franzens University Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Georg Göbel
- Department of Medical Statistics, Informatics and Health Economics, Medical University Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | | | - Clemens Drenowatz
- Division of Sport, Physical Activity and Health, University of Teacher Education Upper Austria, Linz, Austria
| | - Gerhard Ruedl
- Department of Sport Science, Leopold-Franzens University Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Armando Cocca
- Department of Sport Science, Leopold-Franzens University Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Werner Kirschner
- Department of Sport Science, Leopold-Franzens University Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
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Vážná A, Vignerová J, Brabec M, Novák J, Procházka B, Gabera A, Sedlak P. Influence of COVID-19-Related Restrictions on the Prevalence of Overweight and Obese Czech Children. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:ijerph191911902. [PMID: 36231219 PMCID: PMC9565202 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph191911902] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2022] [Revised: 09/16/2022] [Accepted: 09/17/2022] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Apart from influencing the health of the worldwide population, the COVID-19 pandemic changed the day-to-day life of all, including children. A sedentary lifestyle along with the transformation of eating and sleep habits took place in the child population. These changes created a highly obesogenic environment. Our aim was to evaluate the current weight in the child population and identify the real effects of the pandemic. Height and weight data were collected by pediatricians from the pre-COVID-19 and post-COVID-19 periods from 3517 children (1759 boys and 1758 girls) aged 4.71 to 17.33 years. We found a significant rise in the z-score BMI between pediatric visits in the years 2019 and 2021 in both sexes aged 7, 9, 11, and 13 years. Especially alarming were the percentages of (severely) obese boys at the ages of 9 and 11 years, which exceed even the percentages of overweight boys. With the use of statistical modeling, we registered the most dramatic increment at around 12 years of age in both sexes. Based on our research in the Czech Republic, we can confirm the predictions that were given at the beginning of the pandemic that COVID-19-related restrictions worsened the already present problem of obesity and excess weight in children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Vážná
- Department of Anthropology and Human Genetics, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Albertov 6, 128 00 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Jana Vignerová
- Institute of Endocrinology, Národní 8, 110 00 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Marek Brabec
- Institute of Computer Science, Czech Academy of Sciences, Pod Vodárenskou Věží 271/2, 182 00 Prague, Czech Republic
- National Institute of Public Health, Srobarova 48, 100 00 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Jan Novák
- Department of Anthropology and Human Genetics, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Albertov 6, 128 00 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Bohuslav Procházka
- MUDr Bohuslav Procházka s.r.o., Radnická 635, 284 01 Kutná Hora, Czech Republic
| | - Antonín Gabera
- Zdravotní Středisko Krásné Březno, U Pivovarské Zahrady 5, 400 07 Ústí nad Labem, Czech Republic
| | - Petr Sedlak
- Department of Anthropology and Human Genetics, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Albertov 6, 128 00 Prague, Czech Republic
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Sarvan S, Muslu L. In the eyes of adolescents, is the pandemic an obstacle or a gain? A qualitative study based on the ecological theory. J Pediatr Nurs 2022; 66:15-22. [PMID: 35597131 PMCID: PMC9414683 DOI: 10.1016/j.pedn.2022.05.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2021] [Revised: 05/10/2022] [Accepted: 05/11/2022] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE This study was conducted to find out how the COVID-19 pandemic affects the lives of adolescents and their expectations about the future. METHODS Data for the study was collected using a descriptive qualitative research design. The sample included 24 adolescents between the ages of 15 and 17, who were recruited according to the purposive sampling method. The research questions and results were structured according to the Bronfenbrenner's Ecological Theory. Data were collected until saturation was achieved. NVivo 12 program was used to organize the data. The transcribed data were analyzed using the inductive thematic analysis method. FINDINGS According to the adolescents' views on the pandemic, were identified twelve sub-themes connected to four main themes and twenty-four metaphor themes in accordance with the Ecological Theory. These were (a) Microenvironments, (b) Education and social life, (c) Ecological lifestyle, (d) Future expectations, and (e) metaphor themes about COVID-19. Moreover, adolescents reported negative opinions on all metaphors. IMPLICATIONS FOR PRACTICE The restrictions applied as measures of control to the global pandemic mostly negatively affected the family and peer relations of adolescents, their academic and social lives, and their expectations about the future. This study demonstrates that it is possible to monitor the psychosocial development of adolescents according to the Ecological Theory. IMPLICATIONS FOR RESEARCH Similar studies may be conducted based on the Ecological Theory to evaluate the development of adolescents after the pandemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sureyya Sarvan
- Akdeniz University, Faculty of Nursing, Dumlupinar Boulevard, Campus, 07058, Konyaaltı, Antalya, Turkey.
| | - Leyla Muslu
- Akdeniz University, Faculty of Nursing, Dumlupinar Boulevard, Campus, 07058, Konyaaltı, Antalya, Turkey.
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Carballo-Fazanes A, Rodrigues LP, Silva R, Lopes VP, Abelairas-Gómez C. The Developmental Trajectory of Motor Competence of Children That Lived the COVID-19 Confinement Period: A Four-Year Follow-Up Study in Portuguese Children. J Funct Morphol Kinesiol 2022; 7:jfmk7030064. [PMID: 36135422 PMCID: PMC9501003 DOI: 10.3390/jfmk7030064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2022] [Accepted: 08/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Children’s motor competence (MC) was negatively affected by the COVID-19 pandemic; however, possible chronic effects have not been studied. Therefore, the aim of this study was to examine the possible impact of the forced lack of physical activity (PA) during the COVID-19 lockdown on children’s MC two years later. The motor competence of sixty-seven healthy children (7.4−12.2 years old) was assessed using the Motor Competence Assessment (MCA). All participants completed the MCA tests at two different moments (before and after the COVID-19 lockdown), four years apart. The mean values after the COVID-19 lockdown for all participants on the subscales and on the Total MCA are lower, but no significant changes were found when controlling for gender and age (p > 0.05 in all analyses). However, a significant decrease was found in the Locomotor subscale in boys (p = 0.003). After dividing the participants into three age groups, the youngest also suffered a decrease in the Locomotor subscale (p < 0.001) and their Total MCA (p = 0.04). In addition, those participants who had a higher MC at baseline decreased their scores for the Locomotor (p < 0.001) and Manipulative (p < 0.001) subscales, and for the Total MCA (p < 0.001). In conclusion, the younger children and the more motor proficient did not fully recover from the negative effects of the pandemic lockdown after two years.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aida Carballo-Fazanes
- CLINURSID Research Group, Psychiatry, Radiology, Public Health, Nursing and Medicine Department, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain
- Simulation, Life Support, and Intensive Care Research Unit (SICRUS) of the Health Research Institute of Santiago de Compostela (IDIS), 15706 Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Luis Paulo Rodrigues
- Instituto Politécnico de Viana do Castelo, Escola Superior Desporto e Lazer de Melgaço, 4900-347 Viana do Castelo, Portugal
- Research Center in Sports Performance, Recreation, Innovation and Technology (SPRINT), 4960-320 Melgaço, Portugal
- Research Center in Sports Sciences Health and Human Development (CIDESD), 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal
- Correspondence:
| | - Rui Silva
- Instituto Politécnico de Viana do Castelo, Escola Superior Desporto e Lazer de Melgaço, 4900-347 Viana do Castelo, Portugal
- Research Center in Sports Performance, Recreation, Innovation and Technology (SPRINT), 4960-320 Melgaço, Portugal
| | - Vitor P. Lopes
- Research Center in Sports Sciences Health and Human Development (CIDESD), 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal
- Instituto Politécnico de Bragança, Campus de Santa Apolónia, 5300-223 Bragança, Portugal
| | - Cristian Abelairas-Gómez
- CLINURSID Research Group, Psychiatry, Radiology, Public Health, Nursing and Medicine Department, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain
- Simulation, Life Support, and Intensive Care Research Unit (SICRUS) of the Health Research Institute of Santiago de Compostela (IDIS), 15706 Santiago de Compostela, Spain
- Faculty of Education Sciences, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain
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Fauziah PY, Kusumawardani E, Nopembri S, Mulyawan R, Susilowati IH, Nugraha S, Alimoeso S, Hasiholan BP, Fauzi L, Cahyati WH, Rahayu T, Chua TBK, Chia MYH. Play-Sleep Nexus in Indonesian Preschool Children before and during the COVID-19 Pandemic. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:10695. [PMID: 36078411 PMCID: PMC9517845 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph191710695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2022] [Revised: 08/19/2022] [Accepted: 08/24/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic has transformed Indonesians' behaviors and has had an impact on many facets of daily life. People's lives are becoming increasingly dependent on digital technologies, which is a phenomenon with conflicting effects on people's health and happiness. This cross-sectional study focused on one such influence, namely, how the shift from the period before to during COVID-19 has affected children's playtime and sleep duration. As part of a multicenter study, 618 adult caregivers (parents, family members, or babysitters) who visited the kindergarten in question on behalf of preschool children aged 2-5 years (4.04 ± 1.39) were surveyed on the children's play and sleep habits before and during the COVID-19 pandemic in Indonesia, particularly Java Island (before pandemic, N = 309; during pandemic, N = 309). ANOVA was used for a statistical analysis to describe the difference between groups and within time collections. Significant favorable relationships were found between pre-pandemic and post-pandemic playtime and sleeping time on weekdays, weekends, and averaged weekday-weekend (r = 0.437; 0.180 and 0.321, all p < 0.05) were detected. Before the pandemic, children's playtime (4.11 vs. 3.55 h) and sleep duration (10.92 vs. 10.70 h) were significantly greater on the weekend than on the weekday (p < 0.05) but not during the pandemic (playtime: 3.48 vs. 3.45 h and sleep duration: 10.83 vs. 10.80 h; all p > 0.05). The COVID-19 pandemic had no impact on sleep duration or playtime in Javanese preschool children. Efforts should be intensified to promote the value of playtime and sleep duration among children in this age range so that the future of Indonesian children's can be ensured.
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Affiliation(s)
- Puji Yanti Fauziah
- Nonformal Education Department, Faculty of Education Science, Universitas Negeri Yogyakarta, Sleman 55281, Indonesia
| | - Erma Kusumawardani
- Nonformal Education Department, Faculty of Education Science, Universitas Negeri Yogyakarta, Sleman 55281, Indonesia
| | - Soni Nopembri
- Department of Physical Education, Faculty of Sports Science, Universitas Negeri Yogyakarta, Sleman 55281, Indonesia
| | - Rizki Mulyawan
- Department of Sports Science, Faculty of Sports Science, Universitas Negeri Yogyakarta, Sleman 55281, Indonesia
| | - Indri Hapsari Susilowati
- Department of Occupational Health and Safety, Faculty of Public Health, Universitas Indonesia, Depok 16424, Indonesia
| | - Susiana Nugraha
- Department of Public Health, Faculty of Health Science, Universitas Respati Indonesia, Yogyakarta 55281, Indonesia
| | | | - Bonardo Prayogo Hasiholan
- Directorate of Productive and Older Adult Ages Health, Ministry of Health, Republic of Indonesia, Jakarta 12950, Indonesia
| | - Lukman Fauzi
- Public Health Department, Faculty of Sports Science, Universitas Negeri Semarang, Semarang 50229, Indonesia
| | - Widya Hary Cahyati
- Public Health Department, Faculty of Sports Science, Universitas Negeri Semarang, Semarang 50229, Indonesia
| | - Tandiyo Rahayu
- Physical Education Department, Faculty of Sports Science, Universitas Negeri Semarang, Semarang 50229, Indonesia
| | - Terence Buan Kiong Chua
- Physical Education and Sports Science Academic Group, National Institute of Education, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 639798, Singapore
| | - Michael Yong Hwa Chia
- Physical Education and Sports Science Academic Group, National Institute of Education, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 639798, Singapore
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Magklara K, Lazaratou H, Barbouni A, Poulas K, Farsalinos K. The impact of COVID-19 lockdown on children's and adolescents' mental health in Greece. CHILDREN & SOCIETY 2022; 37:CHSO12605. [PMID: 35942023 PMCID: PMC9349383 DOI: 10.1111/chso.12605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2021] [Revised: 02/16/2022] [Accepted: 05/11/2022] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
The aim of the study was to investigate the impact of the COVID-19 lockdown on children's and adolescents' mental health in Greece during the lockdown of spring 2020. A cross-sectional survey of 1232 Greek parents was conducted in spring 2020. 35.1% of parents reported that their children's psychological health was significantly affected. Parental unemployment, limited opportunity for tele-work and deteriorating psychological health, increased family conflicts and children's pre-existing physical health conditions were all significantly associated with mental health impact. Children and adolescents may experience adverse mental health effects due to the COVID-19 pandemic.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Helen Lazaratou
- First Department of Psychiatry, Medical SchoolUniversity of AthensAthensGreece
| | - Anastasia Barbouni
- School of Public Health, Department of Public and Community HealthUniversity of West AtticaAthensGreece
| | | | - Konstantinos Farsalinos
- School of Public Health, Department of Public and Community Health, University of West Attica, Athens, Greece; Department of PharmacyUniversity of PatrasRioGreece
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Koa AJAF, Wang CJ, Lindayani L. Physical Activity Pattern Before and during the COVID-19 Lockdown among Adolescents in Indonesia. Open Access Maced J Med Sci 2022. [DOI: 10.3889/oamjms.2022.8785] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Many countries have issued “stay at home” orders to combat the spread of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), which may have hampered movement in people of all ages. This may impact adolescent physical activity, sedentary behavior, screen time, etc.
AIM: The purpose of this study was to assess changes in physical activity and screen time before and during the first and second COVID-19 lockdown among adolescents in Indonesia.
METHODS: This study was a national web-based survey distributed through social media platforms in Indonesia. A snowball sampling method was used to recruit participants. The final sample included 5650 participants who had provided complete information for the research topic.
RESULTS: Physical activity patterns of adolescents had dramatically shifted during COVID-19 lockdown, with disparities between genders and educational levels. The majority of adolescents had maintained their physical activity levels, with 34.4% of those who engaged in active transportation and 67.3% of those who walked; while, the remaining adolescents had experienced a decrease in physical activity (30.1%–63.1%). Adolescents had maintained their sleeping (about 50%) and screen time (31.4%), but almost 40% had decreased their sleeping time and 60.5% had significantly increased their screen time. Furthermore, when compared to their peers who had maintained their sedentary time before to COVID-19, more adolescents had increased their sedentary time throughout both schooldays and weekends (about 54%).
CONCLUSION: This large-scale nationwide survey could be valuable for stakeholders, when deciding when and how to relax restrictions in the future. In addition, school administrators should be aware of these changes so that in-class and/or extracurricular physical programs can be developed to offset the effects of these changes.
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Explorer l’expérience subjective du confinement lié à l’épidémie de la Covid-19 par les familles : une analyse interprétative et phénoménologique (IPA) du discours de parents. PSYCHOLOGIE FRANCAISE 2022. [PMCID: PMC9304154 DOI: 10.1016/j.psfr.2022.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Introduction Les mesures de confinement liées à la COVID-19 ont entrainé chez les parents et enfants des effets négatifs (stress, inquiétudes) et ont perturbé le fonctionnement habituel de la famille (rythme de vie, habitudes, relations). Objectif L’objectif de ce travail est de mettre en lumière le caractère idiosyncrasique de l’expérience du confinement, ses conséquences d’un point de vue psychologique, le vécu des parents ainsi que les changements qu’il a induit au sein des familles. Méthode Le vécu de parents, ayant été confinés en famille, a été étudié à l’aide d’entretiens menés et analysés avec la méthode d’Analyse Interprétative Phénoménologique (en anglais, Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis, IPA). Nous avons interrogé cinq parents (38–44 ans) trois femmes et deux hommes, qui avaient chacun deux enfants minimum (3–13 ans). Résultats Sept axes majeurs reflétant l’expérience de confinement de ces parents ont été relevés : ils sont illustrés par des extraits d’entretiens (verbatims). Les sujets ont vécu cette expérience comme une parenthèse unique, une opportunité de passer du temps en famille, et de se recentrer sur ce qui compte fondamentalement pour eux. Conclusion L’expérience de confinement a amené des changements dans le quotidien de ces parents ainsi que dans leur manière d’appréhender leur existence. Une forme de réévaluation positive émane de leur discours.
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Abe T, Kitayuguchi J, Fukushima N, Kamada M, Okada S, Ueta K, Tanaka C, Mutoh Y. Fundamental movement skills in preschoolers before and during the COVID-19 pandemic in Japan: a serial cross-sectional study. Environ Health Prev Med 2022; 27:26. [PMID: 35718463 PMCID: PMC9283913 DOI: 10.1265/ehpm.22-00049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Physical inactivity during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic may have hindered the development of fundamental movement skills in preschoolers. This serial cross-sectional study compared fundamental movement skills by age group before and during the COVID-19 pandemic (2019–2020), among Japanese preschoolers aged 3–5 years. Methods Of the 22 preschools within Unnan City, Shimane Prefecture, Japan, 21 (95.5%) and 17 (77.3%) participated in the 2019 and 2020 surveys, respectively. We analyzed 608 and 517 preschoolers in both surveys. Fundamental movement skills were objectively assessed with a 25 m run, standing long jump, and softball throw, based on the Japanese physical activity guidelines for preschoolers. Mann–Whitney U tests were used to compare the fundamental movement skills data between periods. Results For the 25 m run, participants aged 5 years were faster before than during the pandemic (p = 0.018), while participants aged 3 and 4 years showed no significant differences. Participants aged 3–5 years showed no significant differences before and during the pandemic for the standing long jump (p ≥ 0.072). For the softball throw, all grades scored higher before than during the pandemic (p < 0.001). Conclusions These findings suggest that the COVID-19 pandemic impeded the development of fundamental motor skills, especially for object control skills. This highlights the need for interventions aimed at developing fundamental motor skills in preschoolers during and after the pandemic. Supplementary information The online version contains supplementary material available at https://doi.org/10.1265/ehpm.22-00049.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takafumi Abe
- Center for Community-Based Healthcare Research and Education (CoHRE), Shimane University.,Physical Education and Medicine Research Center UNNAN
| | | | - Noritoshi Fukushima
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, Tokyo Medical University
| | - Masamitsu Kamada
- Physical Education and Medicine Research Center UNNAN.,Department of Health Education and Health Sociology, School of Public Health, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo
| | - Shinpei Okada
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, Tokyo Medical University.,Physical Education and Medicine Research Foundation
| | - Kenji Ueta
- College of Sport and Health Science, Ritsumeikan University
| | - Chiaki Tanaka
- Department of Human Nutrition, Tokyo Kasei Gakuin University
| | - Yoshiteru Mutoh
- Physical Education and Medicine Research Center UNNAN.,The Research Institute of Health Rehabilitation of Tokyo
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Nambi G, Alghadier M, Elnegamy TE, Basuodan RM, Alwhaibi RM, Vellaiyan A, Nwihadh NA, Aldhafian OR, Verma A, Pakkir Mohamed SH, Chevidikunnan MF, Khan F. Clinical (BMI and MRI) and Biochemical (Adiponectin, Leptin, TNF-α, and IL-6) Effects of High-Intensity Aerobic Training with High-Protein Diet in Children with Obesity Following COVID-19 Infection. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:ijerph19127194. [PMID: 35742443 PMCID: PMC9223643 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19127194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2022] [Revised: 05/29/2022] [Accepted: 06/08/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Objective: To find the clinical and biochemical effects of high-intensity aerobic training with a high-protein diet in children with obesity following COVID-19 infection. Methods: By using the block randomization method, the eligible participants were randomized into two groups. The first group received high-intensity aerobic training with a high-protein diet (Group A; n = 38) and the second group were allowed to do regular physical activities and eat a regular diet (Group B; n = 38) for 8 weeks. Clinical (basal metabolic index (BMI) and muscle-mass-cross-sectional area (CSA)) and biochemical (Adiponectin, leptin, TNF-α, and IL-6) measures were measured at baseline, on the 8th week, and at 6-months follow-up. Results: Baseline demographic and clinical attributes show homogenous presentation among the study groups (p > 0.05). After eight weeks of intervention, and at the end of 6-months follow-up, the basal metabolic index (BMI) (6.3) (CI 95% 4.71 to 7.88), mid-arm CSA (17) (CI 95% 14.70 to 19.29), mid-thigh CSA (13.10) (CI 95% 10.60 to 15.59), mid-calf CSA (11.3) (CI 95% 9.30 to 13.29), adiponectin (−1.9) (CI 95% −2.13 to −1.66), leptin (5.64) (CI 95% 5.50 to 5.77), TNF-α (0.5) (CI 95% 0.42 to 0.57), and IL-6 (0.21) (CI 95% 0.18 to 0.23) showed more improvement (p < 0.001) in Group A than Group B (p > 0.05). Conclusion: Overall, this trial found that high-intensity aerobic training with a high-protein diet decreased the BMI percentile and muscle mass (arm, thigh, and calf), and positively altered the biochemical variables in children with obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gopal Nambi
- Department of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Prince Sattam bin Abdulaziz University, Al-Kharj 11947, Saudi Arabia; (M.A.); (T.E.E.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +966-501-878-382
| | - Mshari Alghadier
- Department of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Prince Sattam bin Abdulaziz University, Al-Kharj 11947, Saudi Arabia; (M.A.); (T.E.E.)
| | - Tamer E. Elnegamy
- Department of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Prince Sattam bin Abdulaziz University, Al-Kharj 11947, Saudi Arabia; (M.A.); (T.E.E.)
| | - Reem M. Basuodan
- Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, College of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, P.O. Box 84428, Riyadh 11671, Saudi Arabia; (R.M.B.); (R.M.A.)
| | - Reem M. Alwhaibi
- Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, College of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, P.O. Box 84428, Riyadh 11671, Saudi Arabia; (R.M.B.); (R.M.A.)
| | - Arul Vellaiyan
- Department of Nursing, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Prince Sattam bin Abdulaziz University, Al-Kharj 11947, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Naif A. Nwihadh
- Department of Surgery, College of Medicine, Prince Sattam bin Abdulaziz University, Al-Kharj 11947, Saudi Arabia; (N.A.N.); (O.R.A.)
| | - Osama R. Aldhafian
- Department of Surgery, College of Medicine, Prince Sattam bin Abdulaziz University, Al-Kharj 11947, Saudi Arabia; (N.A.N.); (O.R.A.)
| | - Anju Verma
- Department of Exercise and Sports, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia;
| | - Shahul Hameed Pakkir Mohamed
- Department of Physical Therapy, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, University of Tabuk, Tabuk 71491, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Mohamed Faisal Chevidikunnan
- Department of Physical Therapy, Faculty of Medical Rehabilitation Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 22254, Saudi Arabia; (M.F.C.); (F.K.)
| | - Fayaz Khan
- Department of Physical Therapy, Faculty of Medical Rehabilitation Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 22254, Saudi Arabia; (M.F.C.); (F.K.)
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Seivwright AN, Callis Z, Flatau PR. Perspectives of socioeconomically disadvantaged parents on their children's coping during COVID-19: Implications for practice. CHILDREN & SOCIETY 2022; 37:CHSO12597. [PMID: 35942027 PMCID: PMC9347906 DOI: 10.1111/chso.12597] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2022] [Revised: 05/03/2022] [Accepted: 05/19/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Disruptions caused by COVID-19 have the potential to create long-term negative impacts on children's well-being and development, especially among socioeconomically disadvantaged children. However, we know little about how socioeconomically disadvantaged families are coping with the pandemic, nor the types of support needed. This study presents qualitative analysis of responses to an open-ended question asking parents how children are coping with the restrictions associated with COVID-19, to identify areas in which these cohorts can be supported. Four main themes were identified: health concerns, schooling difficulties, social isolation and adjustment to restrictions. Health concerns included exacerbation of pre-existing health conditions, fear about the virus, difficulty getting children to understand the pandemic and increased sedentary behaviour. Schooling difficulties referred to the challenges of home schooling, which were behavioural (e.g. difficulty concentrating) and logistical (e.g. technology). Social isolation, expressed as missing friends, family and/or institutions was common. Finally, parents expressed that children experienced both positive adjustments to restrictions, such as spending more time with family, and negative adjustments such as increased screen time. Many responses from parents touched on topics across multiple themes, indicating a need for comprehensive, holistic assessment of children's and families' needs in the provision of support services. The content of the themes supports calls for resources to support children and families including increased financial and practical accessibility of social services, physical health and exercise support, mental health support and COVID-19 communication guides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ami N. Seivwright
- Institute for Social ChangeUniversity of TasmaniaHobartTasmaniaAustralia
| | - Zoe Callis
- Centre for Social Impact, UWA Business SchoolThe University of Western AustraliaCrawleyWestern AustraliaAustralia
| | - Paul R. Flatau
- Centre for Social Impact, UWA Business SchoolThe University of Western AustraliaCrawleyWestern AustraliaAustralia
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