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Živanović J, Baralić K, Živančević K, Božić D, Marić Đ, Miljaković EA, Đorđević AB, Ćurčić M, Bulat Z, Antonijević B, Đukić-Ćosić D. In silico analysis of the impact of toxic metals on COVID-19 complications: molecular insights. Arh Hig Rada Toksikol 2024; 75:102-109. [PMID: 38963144 PMCID: PMC11223505 DOI: 10.2478/aiht-2024-75-3819] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2024] [Revised: 01/01/2024] [Accepted: 05/01/2024] [Indexed: 07/05/2024] Open
Abstract
COVID-19 can cause a range of complications, including cardiovascular, renal, and/or respiratory insufficiencies, yet little is known of its potential effects in persons exposed to toxic metals. The aim of this study was to answer this question with in silico toxicogenomic methods that can provide molecular insights into COVID-19 complications owed to exposure to arsenic, cadmium, lead, mercury, nickel, and chromium. For this purpose we relied on the Comparative Toxicogenomic Database (CTD), GeneMANIA, and ToppGene Suite portal and identified a set of five common genes (IL1B, CXCL8, IL6, IL10, TNF) for the six metals and COVID-19, all of which code for pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory cytokines. The list was expanded with additional 20 related genes. Physical interactions are the most common between the genes affected by the six metals (77.64 %), while the dominant interaction between the genes affected by each metal separately is co-expression (As 56.35 %, Cd 64.07 %, Pb 71.5 %, Hg 81.91 %, Ni 64.28 %, Cr 88.51 %). Biological processes, molecular functions, and pathways in which these 25 genes participate are closely related to cytokines and cytokine storm implicated in the development of COVID-19 complications. In other words, our findings confirm that exposure to toxic metals, alone or in combinations, might escalate COVID-19 severity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jovana Živanović
- University of Belgrade, Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Toxicology “Akademik Danilo Soldatović”, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Katarina Baralić
- University of Belgrade, Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Toxicology “Akademik Danilo Soldatović”, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Katarina Živančević
- University of Belgrade, Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Toxicology “Akademik Danilo Soldatović”, Belgrade, Serbia
- University of Belgrade, Faculty of Biology, Ivan Đaja Institute for Physiology and Biochemistry, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Dragica Božić
- University of Belgrade, Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Toxicology “Akademik Danilo Soldatović”, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Đurđica Marić
- University of Belgrade, Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Toxicology “Akademik Danilo Soldatović”, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Evica Antonijević Miljaković
- University of Belgrade, Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Toxicology “Akademik Danilo Soldatović”, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Aleksandra Buha Đorđević
- University of Belgrade, Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Toxicology “Akademik Danilo Soldatović”, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Marijana Ćurčić
- University of Belgrade, Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Toxicology “Akademik Danilo Soldatović”, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Zorica Bulat
- University of Belgrade, Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Toxicology “Akademik Danilo Soldatović”, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Biljana Antonijević
- University of Belgrade, Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Toxicology “Akademik Danilo Soldatović”, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Danijela Đukić-Ćosić
- University of Belgrade, Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Toxicology “Akademik Danilo Soldatović”, Belgrade, Serbia
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Huang J, Fang Y, Wu R, Xia T, Wang X, Jia J, Wang G. All-trans retinoic acid acts as a dual-purpose inhibitor of SARS-CoV-2 infection and inflammation. Comput Biol Med 2024; 169:107942. [PMID: 38183702 DOI: 10.1016/j.compbiomed.2024.107942] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2023] [Revised: 12/16/2023] [Accepted: 01/01/2024] [Indexed: 01/08/2024]
Abstract
Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) was an epidemic that effected human health caused by SARS-CoV-2 infection. All-trans retinoic acid (ATRA) has anti-inflammatory capability. In this article, we evaluated the effectiveness and revealed the molecular mechanism of ATRA for treating SARS-CoV-2 using deep learning, in vitro studies, multi-scale molecular modeling, and network pharmacology. The DeepDTA model suggested that ATRA would be effective against COVID-19. In vitro studies confirmed the antiviral activity of ATRA. Subsequently, multi-scale molecular modeling indicated that ATRA could binding to angiotensin converting enzyme 2 (ACE2), 3C-like protease (3CLpro), RNA dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp), helicase, and 3'-to-5' exonuclease by non-covalent interactions. Additionally, network pharmacology suggested that ATRA alleviated inflammatory response by regulating the IL-17 signaling pathway and binding with TNF, PTGS2, and MAPK1 directly. In summary, our findings provide the first evidence that ATRA suppresses the entry and replication of SARS-CoV-2, and regulates inflammatory response of host cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juanjuan Huang
- Department of Pathogen Biology, The Key Laboratory of Zoonosis, Chinese Ministry of Education, College of Basic Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, China; Department of Computational Mathematics, School of Mathematics, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, China
| | - Yabo Fang
- Department of Computational Mathematics, School of Mathematics, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, China
| | - Runze Wu
- Department of Probability Statistics and Data Science, School of Mathematics, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, China
| | - Tingzheng Xia
- Department of Pathogen Biology, The Key Laboratory of Zoonosis, Chinese Ministry of Education, College of Basic Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, China
| | - Xuan Wang
- Department of Pathogen Biology, The Key Laboratory of Zoonosis, Chinese Ministry of Education, College of Basic Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, China
| | - Jiwei Jia
- Department of Computational Mathematics, School of Mathematics, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, China; Jilin National Applied Mathematical Center, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, China.
| | - Guoqing Wang
- Department of Pathogen Biology, The Key Laboratory of Zoonosis, Chinese Ministry of Education, College of Basic Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, China.
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Kolloli A, Ramasamy S, Kumar R, Nisa A, Kaplan G, Subbian S. A phosphodiesterase-4 inhibitor reduces lung inflammation and fibrosis in a hamster model of SARS-CoV-2 infection. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1270414. [PMID: 37854602 PMCID: PMC10580809 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1270414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2023] [Accepted: 09/14/2023] [Indexed: 10/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction The Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome-Coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection involves pulmonary inflammation that can progress to acute respiratory distress syndrome, a primary cause of lung damage/fibrosis in patients with Coronavirus Disease-2019 (COVID-19). Currently, there is no efficacious therapy available to alleviate lung fibrosis in COVID-19 cases. In this proof-of-concept study, we evaluated the effect of CC-11050, a small molecule phosphodiesterase-4 inhibitor, in dampening lung inflammation and fibrosis in a hamster model of SARS-CoV-2 infection. Methods Following intranasal inoculation with SARS-CoV-2/WA- 1/2000 strain, hamsters were treated with CC-11050 or placebo by gavage from day-1 until day-16 post-infection (dpi). Animals were monitored for body weight changes, virus titers, histopathology, fibrotic remodeling, cellular composition in the lungs between 2 and 16 dpi. Results We observed significant reduction in lung viral titer with concomitant reduction in inflammation and fibrotic remodeling in CC-11050 treated hamsters compared to untreated animals. The reductions in immunopathologic manifestations were associated with significant downregulation of inflammatory and fibrotic remodeling gene expression, reduced infiltration of activated monocytes, granulocytes, and reticular fibroblasts in CC-11050 treated animals. Cellular studies indicate a link between TNF-α and fibrotic remodeling during CC-11050 therapy. Discussion These findings suggest that CC-11050 may be a potential host-directed therapy to dampen inflammation and fibrosis in COVID-19 cases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Afsal Kolloli
- Public Health Research Institute (PHRI) at New Jersey Medical School, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Newark, NJ, United States
| | - Santhamani Ramasamy
- Public Health Research Institute (PHRI) at New Jersey Medical School, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Newark, NJ, United States
| | - Ranjeet Kumar
- Public Health Research Institute (PHRI) at New Jersey Medical School, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Newark, NJ, United States
| | - Annuurun Nisa
- Public Health Research Institute (PHRI) at New Jersey Medical School, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Newark, NJ, United States
| | - Gilla Kaplan
- University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Selvakumar Subbian
- Public Health Research Institute (PHRI) at New Jersey Medical School, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Newark, NJ, United States
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Nakase H. Understanding the efficacy of individual Janus kinase inhibitors in the treatment of ulcerative colitis for future positioning in inflammatory bowel disease treatment. Immunol Med 2023; 46:121-130. [PMID: 37036140 DOI: 10.1080/25785826.2023.2195522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2023] [Accepted: 03/19/2023] [Indexed: 04/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Recent studies have gradually elucidated the pathogenesis of inflammatory bowel disease; thus, the Janus kinase (JAK)-signal transducers and activators of transcription pathway are strongly involved in the pathophysiology of inflammatory bowel disease. Generally, Janus kinase inhibitors are being used for the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis and other immunological diseases, with the therapeutic promising effects. Currently, in Japan, three Janus kinase inhibitors, namely tofacitinib, filgotinib, and upadacitinib, are available for the treatment of patients with active ulcerative colitis. Therefore, evaluating the efficacy and safety of each JAK inhibitor is essential for determining the role of JAK inhibitors in future therapeutic strategies for inflammatory bowel disease (IBD).
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroshi Nakase
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan
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Bader SM, Cooney JP, Sheerin D, Taiaroa G, Harty L, Davidson KC, Mackiewicz L, Dayton M, Wilcox S, Whitehead L, Rogers KL, Georgy SR, Coussens AK, Grimley SL, Corbin V, Pitt M, Coin L, Pickering R, Thomas M, Allison CC, McAuley J, Purcell DFJ, Doerflinger M, Pellegrini M. SARS-CoV-2 mouse adaptation selects virulence mutations that cause TNF-driven age-dependent severe disease with human correlates. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2023; 120:e2301689120. [PMID: 37523564 PMCID: PMC10410703 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2301689120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2023] [Accepted: 06/13/2023] [Indexed: 08/02/2023] Open
Abstract
The diversity of COVID-19 disease in otherwise healthy people, from seemingly asymptomatic infection to severe life-threatening disease, is not clearly understood. We passaged a naturally occurring near-ancestral SARS-CoV-2 variant, capable of infecting wild-type mice, and identified viral genomic mutations coinciding with the acquisition of severe disease in young adult mice and lethality in aged animals. Transcriptomic analysis of lung tissues from mice with severe disease elucidated a host antiviral response dominated mainly by interferon and IL-6 pathway activation in young mice, while in aged animals, a fatal outcome was dominated by TNF and TGF-β signaling. Congruent with our pathway analysis, we showed that young TNF-deficient mice had mild disease compared to controls and aged TNF-deficient animals were more likely to survive infection. Emerging clinical correlates of disease are consistent with our preclinical studies, and our model may provide value in defining aberrant host responses that are causative of severe COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefanie M. Bader
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Melbourne, VIC3052, Australia
- Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC3052, Australia
| | - James P. Cooney
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Melbourne, VIC3052, Australia
- Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC3052, Australia
| | - Dylan Sheerin
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Melbourne, VIC3052, Australia
- Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC3052, Australia
| | - George Taiaroa
- Victorian Infectious Diseases Reference Laboratory, Royal Melbourne Hospital at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, VIC3000, Australia
| | - Leigh Harty
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The University of Melbourne at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, VIC3000, Australia
| | - Kathryn C. Davidson
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Melbourne, VIC3052, Australia
- Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC3052, Australia
| | - Liana Mackiewicz
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Melbourne, VIC3052, Australia
| | - Merle Dayton
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Melbourne, VIC3052, Australia
| | - Stephen Wilcox
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Melbourne, VIC3052, Australia
- Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC3052, Australia
| | - Lachlan Whitehead
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Melbourne, VIC3052, Australia
- Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC3052, Australia
| | - Kelly L. Rogers
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Melbourne, VIC3052, Australia
- Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC3052, Australia
| | - Smitha Rose Georgy
- Anatomic Pathology, Melbourne Veterinary School, Faculty of Science, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC3030, Australia
| | - Anna K. Coussens
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Melbourne, VIC3052, Australia
- Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC3052, Australia
| | - Samantha L. Grimley
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The University of Melbourne at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, VIC3000, Australia
| | - Vincent Corbin
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The University of Melbourne at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, VIC3000, Australia
| | - Miranda Pitt
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The University of Melbourne at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, VIC3000, Australia
| | - Lachlan Coin
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The University of Melbourne at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, VIC3000, Australia
| | - Raelene Pickering
- Department of Diabetes, Monash University, Central Clinical School, Level 5, Alfred Centre, Melbourne, VIC3004, Australia
| | - Merlin Thomas
- Department of Diabetes, Monash University, Central Clinical School, Level 5, Alfred Centre, Melbourne, VIC3004, Australia
| | - Cody C. Allison
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Melbourne, VIC3052, Australia
| | - Julie McAuley
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The University of Melbourne at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, VIC3000, Australia
| | - Damian F. J. Purcell
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The University of Melbourne at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, VIC3000, Australia
| | - Marcel Doerflinger
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Melbourne, VIC3052, Australia
- Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC3052, Australia
| | - Marc Pellegrini
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Melbourne, VIC3052, Australia
- Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC3052, Australia
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Feitosa TA, de Souza Sá MV, Pereira VC, de Andrade Cavalcante MK, Pereira VRA, da Costa Armstrong A, do Carmo RF. Association of polymorphisms in long pentraxin 3 and its plasma levels with COVID-19 severity. Clin Exp Med 2023; 23:1225-1233. [PMID: 36315310 PMCID: PMC9619017 DOI: 10.1007/s10238-022-00926-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2022] [Accepted: 10/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
COVID-19 is an infectious respiratory disease caused by SARS-CoV-2. Pentraxin 3 (PTX3) is involved in the activation and regulation of the complement system, demonstrating an important role in the pathogenesis of COVID-19. The aim was to evaluate the association of single nucleotide polymorphisms in PTX3 and its plasma levels with the severity of COVID-19. This is a retrospective cohort study, carried out between August 2020 and July 2021, including patients with confirmed COVID-19 hospitalized in 2 hospitals in the Northeast Region of Brazil. Polymorphisms in PTX3 (rs1840680 and rs2305619) were determined by real-time PCR. PTX3 plasma levels were measured by ELISA. Serum levels of interleukin (IL)-6, IL-8, and IL-10 were determined by flow cytometry. A multivariate logistic regression model was used to identify parameters independently associated with COVID-19 severity. P values < 0.05 were considered significant. The study included 496 patients, classified as moderate (n = 267) and severe (n = 229) cases. The PTX3 AA genotype (rs1840680) was independently associated with protection against severe COVID-19 (P = 0.037; odds ratio = 0.555). PTX3 plasma levels were significantly associated with COVID-19 severity and mortality (P < 0.05). PTX3 levels were significantly correlated with IL-6, IL-8, IL-10, C-reactive protein, total leukocytes, neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio, urea, creatinine, ferritin, length of hospital stay, and higher respiratory rate (P < 0.05). Our results revealed a protective effect of the PTX3 AA genotype (rs1840680) on the development of severe forms of COVID-19. Additionally, PTX3 plasma levels were associated with the severity of COVID-19. The results of this study provide evidence of an important role of PTX3 in the immunopathology of COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thiala Alves Feitosa
- Postgraduate Program in Biosciences, Universidade Federal Do Vale Do São Francisco, Av. José de Sá Maniçoba, S/N, Centro, Petrolina, Pernambuco, Brazil
| | - Mirela Vanessa de Souza Sá
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Universidade Federal Do Vale Do São Francisco, Petrolina, Pernambuco, Brazil
| | | | - Marton Kaique de Andrade Cavalcante
- Department of Immunology, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Recife, Brazil
- Postgraduate Program in Therapeutic Innovation, Center of Biosciences, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Recife, Brazil
| | | | | | - Rodrigo Feliciano do Carmo
- Postgraduate Program in Biosciences, Universidade Federal Do Vale Do São Francisco, Av. José de Sá Maniçoba, S/N, Centro, Petrolina, Pernambuco, Brazil.
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Universidade Federal Do Vale Do São Francisco, Petrolina, Pernambuco, Brazil.
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Movassaghi S, SeyedAlinaghi S, Rostamian A, Najafizadeh SR, Nezhadseifi E. Prevalence and complication of COVID-19 in patients with ankylosing spondylitis (AS) and its relationship with TNF-a inhibitors. Immun Inflamm Dis 2023; 11:e915. [PMID: 37382255 DOI: 10.1002/iid3.915] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2022] [Revised: 05/28/2023] [Accepted: 05/29/2023] [Indexed: 06/30/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Ankylosing spondylitis (AS) is a condition that is treated with nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs and biological drugs such as anti tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α). This study examined the prevalence of COVID-19 among individuals with AS and compare it between those receiving and not receiving TNF-α inhibitors. METHODS A cross-sectional study was conducted at the rheumatology clinic of Imam Khomeini Hospital in Tehran, Iran. The study included patients with AS who sought treatment at the clinic. Demographic information, laboratory and radiographic findings, and disease activity were recorded through interviews and examinations using a questionnaire. RESULTS A total of 40 patients were studied over the course of 1 year. Among them, 31 patients were administered anti-TNF-α drugs, with 15 patients (48.3%) receiving subcutaneous Altebrel (Etanercept), 3 patients (9.6%) receiving intravenous Infliximab, and 13 patients (41.9%) receiving subcutaneous Cinnora (Adalimumab). Of the total, 7 patients (17.5%) tested positive for COVID-19, 1 of whom was confirmed through both CT scan and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) testing, while the remaining 6 patients were confirmed only through PCR testing. All patients tested positive for COVID-19 were male, and 6 of them had received Altebrel. Among the 9 AS patients who did not receive TNF inhibitors, 1 patient contracted SARS-CoV-2. The clinical symptoms experienced by these patients were mild, and hospitalization was not required. However, 1 patient who had insulin-dependent type 1 diabetes and was receiving Infliximab required hospitalization. This patient exhibited more severe COVID-19 symptoms, including high fever, pulmonary involvement, dyspnea, and decreased oxygen saturation. No cases of COVID-19 were reported in the Cinnora treatment group. The use of any of the drugs did not demonstrate a significant relationship with the occurrence of COVID-19 in patients. CONCLUSIONS The use of the TNF-α inhibitors in patients with AS, may be associated with reduced hospitalization and death rate in COVID-19 cases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shafieh Movassaghi
- Rheumatology Research Center, Imam Khomeini Hospital Complex, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - SeyedAhmad SeyedAlinaghi
- Iranian Research Center for HIV/AIDS, Iranian Institute for Reduction of High-Risk Behaviors, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Abdolrahman Rostamian
- Rheumatology Research Center, Imam Khomeini Hospital Complex, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Seyed Reza Najafizadeh
- Rheumatology Research Center, Imam Khomeini Hospital Complex, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Elham Nezhadseifi
- Rheumatology Research Center, Imam Khomeini Hospital Complex, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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8
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Machado PM, Schäfer M, Mahil SK, Liew J, Gossec L, Dand N, Pfeil A, Strangfeld A, Regierer AC, Fautrel B, Alonso CG, Saad CGS, Griffiths CEM, Lomater C, Miceli-Richard C, Wendling D, Alpizar Rodriguez D, Wiek D, Mateus EF, Sirotich E, Soriano ER, Ribeiro FM, Omura F, Rajão Martins F, Santos H, Dau J, Barker JN, Hausmann J, Hyrich KL, Gensler L, Silva L, Jacobsohn L, Carmona L, Pinheiro MM, Zelaya MD, Severina MDLÁ, Yates M, Dubreuil M, Gore-Massy M, Romeo N, Haroon N, Sufka P, Grainger R, Hasseli R, Lawson-Tovey S, Bhana S, Pham T, Olofsson T, Bautista-Molano W, Wallace ZS, Yiu ZZN, Yazdany J, Robinson PC, Smith CH. Characteristics associated with poor COVID-19 outcomes in people with psoriasis, psoriatic arthritis and axial spondyloarthritis: data from the COVID-19 PsoProtect and Global Rheumatology Alliance physician-reported registries. Ann Rheum Dis 2023; 82:698-709. [PMID: 36787993 PMCID: PMC10176347 DOI: 10.1136/ard-2022-223499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2022] [Accepted: 01/24/2023] [Indexed: 02/16/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To investigate factors associated with severe COVID-19 in people with psoriasis (PsO), psoriatic arthritis (PsA) and axial spondyloarthritis (axSpA). METHODS Demographic data, clinical characteristics and COVID-19 outcome severity of adults with PsO, PsA and axSpA were obtained from two international physician-reported registries. A three-point ordinal COVID-19 severity scale was defined: no hospitalisation, hospitalisation (and no death) and death. ORs were estimated using multivariable ordinal logistic regression. RESULTS Of 5045 cases, 18.3% had PsO, 45.5% PsA and 36.3% axSpA. Most (83.6%) were not hospitalised, 14.6% were hospitalised and 1.8% died. Older age was non-linearly associated with COVID-19 severity. Male sex (OR 1.54, 95% CI 1.30 to 1.83), cardiovascular, respiratory, renal, metabolic and cancer comorbidities (ORs 1.25-2.89), moderate/high disease activity and/or glucocorticoid use (ORs 1.39-2.23, vs remission/low disease activity and no glucocorticoids) were associated with increased odds of severe COVID-19. Later pandemic time periods (ORs 0.42-0.52, vs until 15 June 2020), PsO (OR 0.49, 95% CI 0.37 to 0.65, vs PsA) and baseline exposure to TNFi, IL17i and IL-23i/IL-12+23i (OR 0.57, 95% CI 0.44 to 0.73; OR 0.62, 95% CI 0.45 to 0.87; OR 0.67, 95% CI 0.45 to 0.98; respectively; vs no disease-modifying antirheumatic drug) were associated with reduced odds of severe COVID-19. CONCLUSION Older age, male sex, comorbidity burden, higher disease activity and glucocorticoid intake were associated with more severe COVID-19. Later pandemic time periods, PsO and exposure to TNFi, IL17i and IL-23i/IL-12+23i were associated with less severe COVID-19. These findings will enable risk stratification and inform management decisions for patients with PsO, PsA and axSpA during COVID-19 waves or similar future respiratory pandemics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pedro M Machado
- Centre for Rheumatology & Department of Neuromuscular Diseases, University College London, London, UK .,National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) University College London Hospitals (UCLH) Biomedical Research Centre, University College London Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK.,Rheumatology, Northwick Park Hospital, London North West University Healthcare NHS Trust, London, UK
| | - Martin Schäfer
- Epidemiology and Health Services Research, German Rheumatism Research Center (DRFZ Berlin), Berlin, Germany
| | - Satveer K Mahil
- St John's Institute of Dermatology, Guy's and St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust and King's College London, London, UK
| | - Jean Liew
- Section of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Laure Gossec
- INSERM, Institut Pierre Louis d'Epidémiologie et de Santé Publique, Sorbonne Universite, Paris, France.,AP-HP, Rheumatology Department, Hopital Universitaire Pitie Salpetriere, Paris, France
| | - Nick Dand
- Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics, School of Basic and Medical Biosciences, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Alexander Pfeil
- Department of Internal Medicine III, Jena University Hospital - Friedrich Schiller University, Jena, Germany
| | - Anja Strangfeld
- Epidemiology and Health Services Research, German Rheumatism Research Center (DRFZ Berlin), Berlin, Germany.,Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Charité University Medicine, Berlin, Germany
| | - Anne Constanze Regierer
- Epidemiology and Health Services Research, German Rheumatism Research Center Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Bruno Fautrel
- Rheumatology, Pitié-Salpêtrière hospital, AP - HP, Paris, France
| | | | - Carla G S Saad
- Rheumatology Division, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo (FMUSP), São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Christopher E M Griffiths
- Dermatology Centre, Salford Royal NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, UK.,National Institute of Health Research Manchester Biomedical Research Centre, Manchester University NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester, UK
| | - Claudia Lomater
- Academic Rheumatology Centre, Università degli Studi di Torino, Torino, Italy
| | - Corinne Miceli-Richard
- Assistance Publique, Hôpital Cochin, Hôpitaux de Paris & Université de Paris, Paris, France.,Unité Mixte AP-HP/ Institut Pasteur, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
| | - Daniel Wendling
- Rheumatology, Franche-Comté University and University Teaching Hospital (CHRU), Besançon, France
| | | | - Dieter Wiek
- People with Arthritis and Rheumatism (PARE), EULAR, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Elsa F Mateus
- Portuguese League Against Rheumatic Diseases (LPCDR), Lisbon, Portugal.,European Alliance of Associations for Rheumatology (EULAR), Kilchberg, Switzerland
| | - Emily Sirotich
- Yale School of Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut, USA.,Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada.,Canadian Arthritis Patient Alliance, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Enrique R Soriano
- Rheumatology Unit, Internal Medicine Service, Hospital Italiano de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina.,Instituto Universitario Hospital Italiano de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Francinne Machado Ribeiro
- Rheumatology, Hospital Universitário Pedro Ernesto, Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro (UERJ), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Felipe Omura
- Clínica Omura Medicina Diagnóstica, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Helena Santos
- Instituto Português de Reumatologia, Lisbon, Portugal.,EpiDoC Unit, CEDOC, Nova Medical School, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Jonathan Dau
- University of Colorado School of Medicine, Denver, Colorado, USA
| | - Jonathan N Barker
- St John's Institute of Dermatology, School of Basic & Medical Biosciences, Faculty of Life Sciences & Medicine, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Jonathan Hausmann
- Program in Rheumatology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.,Division of Rheumatology, Allergy, and Immunology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Kimme L Hyrich
- National Institute of Health Research Manchester Biomedical Research Centre, Manchester University NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester, UK.,Centre for Epidemiology Versus Arthritis, The University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester, UK
| | - Lianne Gensler
- University of California, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Ligia Silva
- Rheumatology, Centro Hospitalar de Trás-os-montes e Alto Douro (CHTMAD), Vila Real, Portugal
| | - Lindsay Jacobsohn
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Loreto Carmona
- Instituto de Salud Musculoesquelética (INMUSC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Marcelo M Pinheiro
- Rheumatology, Hospital São Paulo, Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - María de Los Ángeles Severina
- Centro Privado de Medicina Nuclear and Clinica Villa Dalcar, Córdoba, Argentina.,Clinica Villa Dalcar, Río Cuarto, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Mark Yates
- Centre for Rheumatic Diseases, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Maureen Dubreuil
- Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | | | | | - Nigil Haroon
- Rheumatology, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Senior Scientist, Schroder Arthritis Institute, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Paul Sufka
- Healthpartners, St. Paul, Minnesota, USA
| | - Rebecca Grainger
- Department of Medicine, University of Otago Wellington, Wellington, New Zealand
| | - Rebecca Hasseli
- Department of Internal Medicine II, University Hospitals Giessen, Giessen, Germany.,Justus Liebig University Giessen, Giessen, Germany
| | - Saskia Lawson-Tovey
- National Institute of Health Research Manchester Biomedical Research Centre, Manchester University NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester, UK.,Centre for Genetics and Genomics Versus Arthritis, Centre for Musculoskeletal Research, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | | | - Thao Pham
- Rheumatology, Aix-Marseille-University, Marseille, France.,Rheumatology, APHM, Marseille, France
| | - Tor Olofsson
- Rheumatology, Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Lund University, Lund, Sweden.,Rheumatology, Skåne University Hospital, Lund, Sweden
| | - Wilson Bautista-Molano
- Rheumatology Division, University Hospital Fundación Santa Fé de Bogotá, Bogota, Colombia.,School of Medicine, Universidad El Bosque, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Zachary S Wallace
- Clinical Epidemiology Program, Division of Rheumatology, Allergy, and Immunology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.,Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Zenas Z N Yiu
- National Institute of Health Research Manchester Biomedical Research Centre, Manchester University NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester, UK.,Dermatology Centre, Salford Royal NHS Foundation Trust, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Jinoos Yazdany
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Philip C Robinson
- School of Clinical Medicine, University of Queensland, Herston, Queensland, Australia.,Rheumatology, Royal Brisbane and Woman's Hospital, Metro North Hospital & Health Service, Herston, Queensland, Australia
| | - Catherine H Smith
- St John's Institute of Dermatology, Guy's and St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust and King's College London, London, UK
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9
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Taghipour F, Motamed N, Amoozegar MA, Shahhoseini M, Mahdian S. Carotenoids as potential inhibitors of TNFα in COVID-19 treatment. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0276538. [PMID: 36574379 PMCID: PMC9794061 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0276538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2022] [Accepted: 10/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) is a multifunctional pro-inflammatory cytokine, responsible for autoimmune and inflammatory disorders. In COVID-19 patients, increased TNF-α concentration may provoke inflammatory cascade and induce the initiation of cytokine storm that may result in fatal pneumonia and acute respiratory distress syndrome (ADRS). Hence, TNFα is assumed to be a promising drug target against cytokine storm in COVID-19 patients. In the present study, we focused on finding novel small molecules that can directly block TNF-α-hTNFR1 (human TNF receptor 1) interaction. In this regards, TNF-α-inhibiting capacity of natural carotenoids was investigated in terms of blocking TNF-α-hTNFR1 interaction in COVID-19 patients with the help of a combination of in silico approaches, based on virtual screening, molecular docking, and molecular dynamics (MD) simulation. A total of 125 carotenoids were selected out of 1204 natural molecules, based on their pharmacokinetics properties and they all met Lipinski's rule of five. Among them, Sorgomol, Strigol and Orobanchol had the most favorable ΔG with the best ADME (absorption, distribution, metabolism, excretion) properties, and were selected for MD simulation studies, which explored the complex stability and the impact of ligands on protein conformation. Our results showed that Sorgomol formed the most hydrogen bonds, resulting in the highest binding energy with lowest RMSD and RMSF, which made it the most appropriate candidate as TNF-α inhibitor. In conclusion, the present study could serve to expand possibilities to develop new therapeutic small molecules against TNF-α.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farzaneh Taghipour
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Biology, School of Biology, College of Science, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Nasrin Motamed
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Biology, School of Biology, College of Science, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
- * E-mail: (NM); (SM)
| | - Mohammad Ali Amoozegar
- Department of Microbiology, School of Biology, College of Science, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Maryam Shahhoseini
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Biology, School of Biology, College of Science, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
- Department of Genetics, Reproductive Biomedicine Research Center, Royan Institute for Reproductive Biomedicine, ACECR, Tehran, Iran
- Reproductive Epidemiology Research Center, Royan Institute for Reproductive Biomedicine, ACECR, Tehran, Iran
| | - Soodeh Mahdian
- Department of Genetics, Reproductive Biomedicine Research Center, Royan Institute for Reproductive Biomedicine, ACECR, Tehran, Iran
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, North Tehran Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
- * E-mail: (NM); (SM)
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10
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Tobinick E, Spengler RN, Ignatowski TA, Wassel M, Laborde S. Rapid improvement in severe long COVID following perispinal etanercept. Curr Med Res Opin 2022; 38:2013-2020. [PMID: 35791687 DOI: 10.1080/03007995.2022.2096351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND This study aimed to describe the neurological improvements in a patient with severe long COVID brain dysfunction following perispinal etanercept administration. Perispinal administration of etanercept, a novel method designed to enhance its brain delivery via carriage in the cerebrospinal venous system, has previously been shown to reduce chronic neurological dysfunction after stroke. Etanercept is a recombinant biologic that is capable of ameliorating two components of neuroinflammation: microglial activation and the excess bioactivity of tumor necrosis factor (TNF), a proinflammatory cytokine that is a key neuromodulator in the brain. Optimal synaptic and brain network function require physiological levels of TNF. Neuroinflammation, including brain microglial activation and excess central TNF, can be a consequence of stroke or peripheral infection, including infection by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), the virus that causes COVID-19. METHODS Standardized, validated measures, including the Montreal Cognitive Assessment, Beck Depression Index-II (BDI-II), Fatigue Assessment Scale, Controlled Oral Word Association Test, Trail Making Tests, Timed Finger-to-Nose Test, 20 m Self-Paced Walk Test, 5 Times Sit-to-Stand Test and Grip Strength measured with a Jamar Dynamometer were used to quantitate changes in cognition, depression, fatigue and neurological function after a single 25 mg perispinal etanercept dose in a patient with severe long COVID of 12 months duration. RESULTS Following perispinal etanercept administration there was immediate neurological improvement. At 24 h, there were remarkable reductions in chronic post-COVID-19 fatigue and depression, and significant measurable improvements in cognition, executive function, phonemic verbal fluency, balance, gait, upper limb coordination and grip strength. Cognition, depression and fatigue were examined at 29 days; each remained substantially improved. CONCLUSION Perispinal etanercept is a promising treatment for the chronic neurologic dysfunction that may persist after resolution of acute COVID-19, including chronic cognitive dysfunction, fatigue, and depression. These results suggest that long COVID brain neuroinflammation is a potentially reversible pathology and viable treatment target. In view of the increasing unmet medical need, clinical trials of perispinal etanercept for long COVID are urgently necessary. The robust results of the present case suggest that perispinal etanercept clinical trials studying long COVID populations with severe fatigue, depression and cognitive dysfunction may have improved ability to detect a treatment effect. Positron emission tomographic methods that image brain microglial activation and measurements of cerebrospinal fluid proinflammatory cytokines may be useful for patient selection and correlation with treatment effects, as well as provide insight into the underlying pathophysiology.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Tracey A Ignatowski
- Department of Pathology and Anatomical Sciences, Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University at Buffalo, The State University of New York, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - Manar Wassel
- Institute of Neurological Recovery, Boca Raton, FL, USA
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11
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Zoodsma M, de Nooijer AH, Grondman I, Gupta MK, Bonifacius A, Koeken VACM, Kooistra E, Kilic G, Bulut O, Gödecke N, Janssen N, Kox M, Domínguez-Andrés J, van Gammeren AJ, Ermens AAM, van der Ven AJAM, Pickkers P, Blasczyk R, Behrens GMN, van de Veerdonk FL, Joosten LAB, Xu CJ, Eiz-Vesper B, Netea MG, Li Y. Targeted proteomics identifies circulating biomarkers associated with active COVID-19 and post-COVID-19. Front Immunol 2022; 13:1027122. [PMID: 36405747 PMCID: PMC9670186 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.1027122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2022] [Accepted: 10/17/2022] [Indexed: 07/25/2023] Open
Abstract
The ongoing Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic is caused by the highly infectious Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2). There is an urgent need for biomarkers that will help in better stratification of patients and contribute to personalized treatments. We performed targeted proteomics using the Olink platform and systematically investigated protein concentrations in 350 hospitalized COVID-19 patients, 186 post-COVID-19 individuals, and 61 healthy individuals from 3 independent cohorts. Results revealed a signature of acute SARS-CoV-2 infection, which is represented by inflammatory biomarkers, chemokines and complement-related factors. Furthermore, the circulating proteome is still significantly affected in post-COVID-19 samples several weeks after infection. Post-COVID-19 individuals are characterized by upregulation of mediators of the tumor necrosis (TNF)-α signaling pathways and proteins related to transforming growth factor (TGF)-ß. In addition, the circulating proteome is able to differentiate between patients with different COVID-19 disease severities, and is associated with the time after infection. These results provide important insights into changes induced by SARS-CoV-2 infection at the proteomic level by integrating several cohorts to obtain a large disease spectrum, including variation in disease severity and time after infection. These findings could guide the development of host-directed therapy in COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martijn Zoodsma
- Centre for Individualised Infection Medicine (CiiM), a joint venture between the Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research (HZI) and Hannover Medical School (MHH), Hannover, Germany
- TWINCORE, a joint venture between the Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research (HZI) and the Hannover Medical School (MHH), Hannover, Germany
| | - Aline H. de Nooijer
- Department of Internal Medicine and Radboudumc Center for Infectious Diseases, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - Inge Grondman
- Department of Internal Medicine and Radboudumc Center for Infectious Diseases, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - Manoj Kumar Gupta
- Centre for Individualised Infection Medicine (CiiM), a joint venture between the Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research (HZI) and Hannover Medical School (MHH), Hannover, Germany
- TWINCORE, a joint venture between the Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research (HZI) and the Hannover Medical School (MHH), Hannover, Germany
| | - Agnes Bonifacius
- Institute of Transfusion Medicine and Transplant Engineering, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Valerie A. C. M. Koeken
- Centre for Individualised Infection Medicine (CiiM), a joint venture between the Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research (HZI) and Hannover Medical School (MHH), Hannover, Germany
- TWINCORE, a joint venture between the Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research (HZI) and the Hannover Medical School (MHH), Hannover, Germany
- Department of Internal Medicine and Radboudumc Center for Infectious Diseases, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - Emma Kooistra
- Department of Internal Medicine and Radboudumc Center for Infectious Diseases, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - Gizem Kilic
- Department of Internal Medicine and Radboudumc Center for Infectious Diseases, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - Ozlem Bulut
- Department of Internal Medicine and Radboudumc Center for Infectious Diseases, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - Nina Gödecke
- Institute of Transfusion Medicine and Transplant Engineering, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Nico Janssen
- Department of Internal Medicine and Radboudumc Center for Infectious Diseases, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - Matthijs Kox
- Department of Intensive Care Medicine and Radboudumc Center for Infectious Diseases, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - Jorge Domínguez-Andrés
- Department of Internal Medicine and Radboudumc Center for Infectious Diseases, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | | | - Anton A. M. Ermens
- Department of Clinical Chemistry and Hematology, Amphia Hospital, Breda, Netherlands
| | - Andre J. A. M. van der Ven
- Department of Internal Medicine and Radboudumc Center for Infectious Diseases, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - Peter Pickkers
- Department of Intensive Care Medicine and Radboudumc Center for Infectious Diseases, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - Rainer Blasczyk
- Institute of Transfusion Medicine and Transplant Engineering, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Georg M. N. Behrens
- Centre for Individualised Infection Medicine (CiiM), a joint venture between the Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research (HZI) and Hannover Medical School (MHH), Hannover, Germany
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
- German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), partner site Hannover-Braunschweig, Hannover, Germany
| | - Frank L. van de Veerdonk
- Department of Internal Medicine and Radboudumc Center for Infectious Diseases, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - Leo A. B. Joosten
- Department of Internal Medicine and Radboudumc Center for Infectious Diseases, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, Netherlands
- Department of Medical Genetics, Iuliu Haţieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Cheng-Jian Xu
- Centre for Individualised Infection Medicine (CiiM), a joint venture between the Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research (HZI) and Hannover Medical School (MHH), Hannover, Germany
- TWINCORE, a joint venture between the Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research (HZI) and the Hannover Medical School (MHH), Hannover, Germany
- Department of Internal Medicine and Radboudumc Center for Infectious Diseases, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - Britta Eiz-Vesper
- Institute of Transfusion Medicine and Transplant Engineering, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Mihai G. Netea
- Department of Internal Medicine and Radboudumc Center for Infectious Diseases, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, Netherlands
- Department for Genomics and Immunoregulation, Life and Medical Sciences Institute (LIMES), University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Yang Li
- Centre for Individualised Infection Medicine (CiiM), a joint venture between the Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research (HZI) and Hannover Medical School (MHH), Hannover, Germany
- TWINCORE, a joint venture between the Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research (HZI) and the Hannover Medical School (MHH), Hannover, Germany
- Department of Internal Medicine and Radboudumc Center for Infectious Diseases, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, Netherlands
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12
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Jasim SA, Mahdi RS, Bokov DO, Najm MAA, Sobirova GN, Bafoyeva ZO, Taifi A, Alkadir OKA, Mustafa YF, Mirzaei R, Karampoor S. The deciphering of the immune cells and marker signature in COVID-19 pathogenesis: An update. J Med Virol 2022; 94:5128-5148. [PMID: 35835586 PMCID: PMC9350195 DOI: 10.1002/jmv.28000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2022] [Revised: 06/28/2022] [Accepted: 07/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The precise interaction between the immune system and severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is critical in deciphering the pathogenesis of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) and is also vital for developing novel therapeutic tools, including monoclonal antibodies, antivirals drugs, and vaccines. Viral infections need innate and adaptive immune reactions since the various immune components, such as neutrophils, macrophages, CD4+ T, CD8+ T, and B lymphocytes, play different roles in various infections. Consequently, the characterization of innate and adaptive immune reactions toward SARS-CoV-2 is crucial for defining the pathogenicity of COVID-19. In this study, we explain what is currently understood concerning the conventional immune reactions to SARS-CoV-2 infection to shed light on the protective and pathogenic role of immune response in this case. Also, in particular, we investigate the in-depth roles of other immune mediators, including neutrophil elastase, serum amyloid A, and syndecan, in the immunopathogenesis of COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Roaa Salih Mahdi
- Department of Pathology, College of MedicineUniversity of BabylonHillaIraq
| | - Dmitry Olegovich Bokov
- Institute of PharmacySechenov First Moscow State Medical UniversityMoscowRussian Federation,Laboratory of Food ChemistryFederal Research Center of Nutrition, Biotechnology and Food SafetyMoscowRussian Federation
| | - Mazin A. A. Najm
- Pharmaceutical Chemistry Department, College of PharmacyAl‐Ayen UniversityThi‐QarIraq
| | - Guzal N. Sobirova
- Department of Rehabilitation, Folk Medicine and Physical EducationTashkent Medical AcademyTashkentUzbekistan
| | - Zarnigor O. Bafoyeva
- Department of Rehabilitation, Folk Medicine and Physical EducationTashkent Medical AcademyTashkentUzbekistan
| | | | | | - Yasser Fakri Mustafa
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of PharmacyUniversity of MosulMosulIraq
| | - Rasoul Mirzaei
- Venom and Biotherapeutics Molecules Lab, Medical Biotechnology Department, Biotechnology Research CenterPasteur Institute of IranTehranIran
| | - Sajad Karampoor
- Gastrointestinal and Liver Diseases Research CenterIran University of Medical SciencesTehranIran
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13
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In Vitro Evaluation of Leuconostoc mesenteroides Cell-Free-Supernatant GBUT-21 against SARS-CoV-2. Vaccines (Basel) 2022; 10:vaccines10101581. [PMID: 36298446 PMCID: PMC9612097 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines10101581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2022] [Revised: 09/13/2022] [Accepted: 09/15/2022] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The unprecedented health catastrophe derived from the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2 infection) met with a phenomenal scientific response across the globe. Worldwide, the scientific community was focused on finding a cure for the deadly disease. A wide range of research studies has consistently revealed the link between SARS-CoV-2 infection severity and abnormal gut microbiomes, suggesting its potential in developing novel therapeutic approaches. Probiotics have been extensively studied to promote health in human hosts and reestablish a balance in the dysbiotic gut microbiome; however, there is strong skepticism about their safety and efficacy. Consequently, the metabolic signatures of probiotics, often referred to as "postbiotics", could prove of paramount importance for adjuvant cures in patients with SARS-CoV-2. Postbiotics exhibit safety, enhanced shelf-life, and stability and, therefore, could be implemented in SARS-CoV-2 prophylactic strategies with no undue adverse side effects. The current study is a preliminary investigation of the antiviral properties of postbiotic metabolites derived from Leuconostoc mesenteroides GBUT-21. The study focuses on the potential biological role in inactivating SARS-CoV-2 and reducing related inflammatory pathways.
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14
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Rarani FZ, Rashidi B, Jafari Najaf Abadi MH, Hamblin MR, Reza Hashemian SM, Mirzaei H. Cytokines and microRNAs in SARS-CoV-2: What do we know? MOLECULAR THERAPY. NUCLEIC ACIDS 2022; 29:219-242. [PMID: 35782361 PMCID: PMC9233348 DOI: 10.1016/j.omtn.2022.06.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic constitutes a global health emergency. Currently, there are no completely effective therapeutic medications for the management of this outbreak. The cytokine storm is a hyperinflammatory medical condition due to excessive and uncontrolled release of pro-inflammatory cytokines in patients suffering from severe COVID-19, leading to the development of acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) and multiple organ dysfunction syndrome (MODS) and even mortality. Understanding the pathophysiology of COVID-19 can be helpful for the treatment of patients. Evidence suggests that the levels of tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) and interleukin (IL)-1 and IL-6 are dramatically different between mild and severe patients, so they may be important contributors to the cytokine storm. Several serum markers can be predictors for the cytokine storm. This review discusses the cytokines involved in severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection, focusing on interferons (IFNs) and ILs, and whether they can be used in COVID-19 treatment. Moreover, we highlight several microRNAs that are involved in these cytokines and their role in the cytokine storm caused by COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fahimeh Zamani Rarani
- Department of Anatomical Sciences, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Bahman Rashidi
- Department of Anatomical Sciences, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | | | - Michael R. Hamblin
- Laser Research Centre, Faculty of Health Science, University of Johannesburg, Doornfontein 2028, South Africa
| | - Seyed Mohammad Reza Hashemian
- Chronic Respiratory Diseases Research Center (CRDRC), National Research Institute of Tuberculosis and Lung Diseases (NRITLD), Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hamed Mirzaei
- Student Research Committee, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran
- Research Center for Biochemistry and Nutrition in Metabolic Diseases, Institute for Basic Sciences, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, IR, Iran
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15
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Batra R, Whalen W, Alvarez-Mulett S, Gomez-Escobar LG, Hoffman KL, Simmons W, Harrington J, Chetnik K, Buyukozkan M, Benedetti E, Choi ME, Suhre K, Schenck E, Choi AMK, Schmidt F, Cho SJ, Krumsiek J. Multi-omic comparative analysis of COVID-19 and bacterial sepsis-induced ARDS. PLoS Pathog 2022; 18:e1010819. [PMID: 36121875 PMCID: PMC9484674 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1010819] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2022] [Accepted: 08/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/06/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), a life-threatening condition characterized by hypoxemia and poor lung compliance, is associated with high mortality. ARDS induced by COVID-19 has similar clinical presentations and pathological manifestations as non-COVID-19 ARDS. However, COVID-19 ARDS is associated with a more protracted inflammatory respiratory failure compared to traditional ARDS. Therefore, a comprehensive molecular comparison of ARDS of different etiologies groups may pave the way for more specific clinical interventions. METHODS AND FINDINGS In this study, we compared COVID-19 ARDS (n = 43) and bacterial sepsis-induced (non-COVID-19) ARDS (n = 24) using multi-omic plasma profiles covering 663 metabolites, 1,051 lipids, and 266 proteins. To address both between- and within- ARDS group variabilities we followed two approaches. First, we identified 706 molecules differently abundant between the two ARDS etiologies, revealing more than 40 biological processes differently regulated between the two groups. From these processes, we assembled a cascade of therapeutically relevant pathways downstream of sphingosine metabolism. The analysis suggests a possible overactivation of arginine metabolism involved in long-term sequelae of ARDS and highlights the potential of JAK inhibitors to improve outcomes in bacterial sepsis-induced ARDS. The second part of our study involved the comparison of the two ARDS groups with respect to clinical manifestations. Using a data-driven multi-omic network, we identified signatures of acute kidney injury (AKI) and thrombocytosis within each ARDS group. The AKI-associated network implicated mitochondrial dysregulation which might lead to post-ARDS renal-sequalae. The thrombocytosis-associated network hinted at a synergy between prothrombotic processes, namely IL-17, MAPK, TNF signaling pathways, and cell adhesion molecules. Thus, we speculate that combination therapy targeting two or more of these processes may ameliorate thrombocytosis-mediated hypercoagulation. CONCLUSION We present a first comprehensive molecular characterization of differences between two ARDS etiologies-COVID-19 and bacterial sepsis. Further investigation into the identified pathways will lead to a better understanding of the pathophysiological processes, potentially enabling novel therapeutic interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richa Batra
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Institute for Computational Biomedicine, Englander Institute for Precision Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - William Whalen
- Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Sergio Alvarez-Mulett
- Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Luis G. Gomez-Escobar
- Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Katherine L. Hoffman
- Department of Population Health Sciences, Division of Biostatistics, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Will Simmons
- Department of Population Health Sciences, Division of Biostatistics, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - John Harrington
- Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Kelsey Chetnik
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Institute for Computational Biomedicine, Englander Institute for Precision Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Mustafa Buyukozkan
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Institute for Computational Biomedicine, Englander Institute for Precision Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Elisa Benedetti
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Institute for Computational Biomedicine, Englander Institute for Precision Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Mary E. Choi
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Joan and Sanford I. Weill Department of Medicine, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Karsten Suhre
- Bioinformatics Core, Weill Cornell Medicine–Qatar, Qatar Foundation, Doha, Qatar
| | - Edward Schenck
- Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Augustine M. K. Choi
- Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Frank Schmidt
- Proteomics Core, Weill Cornell Medicine–Qatar, Qatar Foundation, Doha, Qatar
| | - Soo Jung Cho
- Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Jan Krumsiek
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Institute for Computational Biomedicine, Englander Institute for Precision Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York, United States of America
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16
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Batra R, Whalen W, Alvarez-Mulett S, Gómez-Escobar LG, Hoffman KL, Simmons W, Harrington J, Chetnik K, Buyukozkan M, Benedetti E, Choi ME, Suhre K, Schenck E, Choi AMK, Schmidt F, Cho SJ, Krumsiek J. Multi-omic comparative analysis of COVID-19 and bacterial sepsis-induced ARDS. MEDRXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR HEALTH SCIENCES 2022:2022.05.16.22274587. [PMID: 35982655 PMCID: PMC9387161 DOI: 10.1101/2022.05.16.22274587] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Background Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), a life-threatening condition characterized by hypoxemia and poor lung compliance, is associated with high mortality. ARDS induced by COVID-19 has similar clinical presentations and pathological manifestations as non-COVID-19 ARDS. However, COVID-19 ARDS is associated with a more protracted inflammatory respiratory failure compared to traditional ARDS. Therefore, a comprehensive molecular comparison of ARDS of different etiologies groups may pave the way for more specific clinical interventions. Methods and Findings In this study, we compared COVID-19 ARDS (n=43) and bacterial sepsis-induced (non-COVID-19) ARDS (n=24) using multi-omic plasma profiles covering 663 metabolites, 1,051 lipids, and 266 proteins. To address both between- and within-ARDS group variabilities we followed two approaches. First, we identified 706 molecules differently abundant between the two ARDS etiologies, revealing more than 40 biological processes differently regulated between the two groups. From these processes, we assembled a cascade of therapeutically relevant pathways downstream of sphingosine metabolism. The analysis suggests a possible overactivation of arginine metabolism involved in long-term sequelae of ARDS and highlights the potential of JAK inhibitors to improve outcomes in bacterial sepsis-induced ARDS. The second part of our study involved the comparison of the two ARDS groups with respect to clinical manifestations. Using a data-driven multi-omic network, we identified signatures of acute kidney injury (AKI) and thrombocytosis within each ARDS group. The AKI-associated network implicated mitochondrial dysregulation which might lead to post-ARDS renal-sequalae. The thrombocytosis-associated network hinted at a synergy between prothrombotic processes, namely IL-17, MAPK, TNF signaling pathways, and cell adhesion molecules. Thus, we speculate that combination therapy targeting two or more of these processes may ameliorate thrombocytosis-mediated hypercoagulation. Conclusion We present a first comprehensive molecular characterization of differences between two ARDS etiologies - COVID-19 and bacterial sepsis. Further investigation into the identified pathways will lead to a better understanding of the pathophysiological processes, potentially enabling novel therapeutic interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richa Batra
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Institute for Computational Biomedicine, Englander Institute for Precision Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY 10021, USA
| | - William Whalen
- Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Sergio Alvarez-Mulett
- Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Luis G Gómez-Escobar
- Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Katherine L Hoffman
- Department of Population Health Sciences, Division of Biostatistics, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Will Simmons
- Department of Population Health Sciences, Division of Biostatistics, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - John Harrington
- Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Kelsey Chetnik
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Institute for Computational Biomedicine, Englander Institute for Precision Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY 10021, USA
| | - Mustafa Buyukozkan
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Institute for Computational Biomedicine, Englander Institute for Precision Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY 10021, USA
| | - Elisa Benedetti
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Institute for Computational Biomedicine, Englander Institute for Precision Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY 10021, USA
| | - Mary E Choi
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Joan and Sanford I. Weill Department of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Karsten Suhre
- Bioinformatics Core, Weill Cornell Medicine - Qatar, Qatar Foundation, Doha, Qatar
| | - Edward Schenck
- Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Augustine M K Choi
- Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Frank Schmidt
- Proteomics Core, Weill Cornell Medicine - Qatar, Qatar Foundation, Doha, Qatar
| | - Soo Jung Cho
- Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Jan Krumsiek
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Institute for Computational Biomedicine, Englander Institute for Precision Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY 10021, USA
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17
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Romanos GE, Vaglica M, Sculean A. Drug-associated bone resorption with potential dental and implant implications. Periodontol 2000 2022; 90:236-246. [PMID: 35916776 DOI: 10.1111/prd.12461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Every year more and more innovative pharmacological agents are introduced medicine, to treat systemic diseases. Due to these rapid and recent advancements, many patients are receiving treatment with a high variety of drugs, such as selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors, bisphosphonates, tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α inhibitors, cyclosporine, and steroids. Since implant and osseous surgery are common treatment modalities used, within dentistry, it is of critical important to acknowledge and discuss the potential effects of selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors, bisphosphonates, TNF-α inhibitors, cyclosporine, and steroids, on bone healing. The present paper discusses the possible detrimental ramifications and risks these drug classes may have on bone healing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Georgios E Romanos
- Department of Periodontology, School of Dental Medicine, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York, USA
| | - Michael Vaglica
- Department of Periodontology, School of Dental Medicine, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York, USA
| | - Anton Sculean
- Department of Periodontology, School of Dental Medicine, Bern, Switzerland
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18
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Farhangnia P, Dehrouyeh S, Safdarian AR, Farahani SV, Gorgani M, Rezaei N, Akbarpour M, Delbandi AA. Recent advances in passive immunotherapies for COVID-19: The Evidence-Based approaches and clinical trials. Int Immunopharmacol 2022; 109:108786. [PMID: 35483235 PMCID: PMC9021130 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2022.108786] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2022] [Revised: 04/14/2022] [Accepted: 04/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
In late 2019, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) emerged, causing a global pandemic called COVID-19. Currently, there is no definitive treatment for this emerging disease. Global efforts resulted in developing multiple platforms of COVID-19 vaccines, but their efficacy in humans should be wholly investigated in the long-term clinical and epidemiological follow-ups. Despite the international efforts, COVID-19 vaccination accompanies challenges, including financial and political obstacles, serious adverse effects (AEs), the impossibility of using vaccines in certain groups of people in the community, and viral evasion due to emerging novel variants of SARS-CoV-2 in many countries. For these reasons, passive immunotherapy has been considered a complementary remedy and a promising way to manage COVID-19. These approaches arebased on reduced inflammation due to inhibiting cytokine storm phenomena, immunomodulation,preventing acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), viral neutralization, anddecreased viral load. This article highlights passive immunotherapy and immunomodulation approaches in managing and treating COVID-19 patients and discusses relevant clinical trials (CTs).
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Affiliation(s)
- Pooya Farhangnia
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Network of Immunity in Infection, Malignancy and Autoimmunity (NIIMA), Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), Tehran, Iran; Immunology Board for Transplantation and Cell-Based Therapeutics (ImmunoTACT), Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), Chicago, United States
| | - Shiva Dehrouyeh
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Immunology Board for Transplantation and Cell-Based Therapeutics (ImmunoTACT), Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), Chicago, United States
| | - Amir Reza Safdarian
- Network of Immunity in Infection, Malignancy and Autoimmunity (NIIMA), Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), Tehran, Iran; Immunology Board for Transplantation and Cell-Based Therapeutics (ImmunoTACT), Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), Chicago, United States; Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Alborz University of Medical Sciences, Alborz, Iran
| | - Soheila Vasheghani Farahani
- Immunology Board for Transplantation and Cell-Based Therapeutics (ImmunoTACT), Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), Chicago, United States; Department of Immunology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Melika Gorgani
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Immunology Board for Transplantation and Cell-Based Therapeutics (ImmunoTACT), Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), Chicago, United States
| | - Nima Rezaei
- Network of Immunity in Infection, Malignancy and Autoimmunity (NIIMA), Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), Tehran, Iran; Research Center for Immunodeficiencies, Children's Medical Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Dr. Qarib St, Keshavarz Blvd, Tehran, Iran; Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mahzad Akbarpour
- Immunology Board for Transplantation and Cell-Based Therapeutics (ImmunoTACT), Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), Chicago, United States; Advanced Cellular Therapeutics Facility (ACTF), Hematopoietic Cellular Therapy Program, Section of Hematology & Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of Chicago Medical Center, Chicago, United States.
| | - Ali-Akbar Delbandi
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Immunology Research Center, Institute of Immunology and Infectious Disease, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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19
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Aryan H, Farahani RH, Chamanara M, Elyasi S, Jaafari MR, Haddad M, Sani AT, Ardalan MA, Mosaed R. Evaluation of the efficacy of oral nano-silymarin formulation in hospitalized patients with COVID-19: A double-blind placebo-controlled clinical trial. Phytother Res 2022; 36:3924-3931. [PMID: 35859298 PMCID: PMC9349546 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.7537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2021] [Revised: 04/20/2022] [Accepted: 06/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Considering the outbreak pandemic of Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19), the lack of effective therapeutic strategies for the management of this viral disease, and the increasing evidence on the antiviral potential of silymarin, this study aimed to investigate the effectiveness of silymarin nanomicelles on the symptom's resolution time, laboratory parameters, and liver enzymes in patients with COVID-19. The participants were assigned to the nano-silymarin (n = 25) (receiving SinaLive soft gel, containing 70 mg silymarin as nanomicelles) or placebo groups (n = 25) three times daily for two weeks. Patients' symptoms and laboratory findings were assessed at baseline and during the follow-up period (one week and one month after the beginning of the treatment). No significant differences were observed between the two groups in terms of symptoms resolution time, laboratory parameters, and hospitalization duration (p > 0.05). However, the alanine aminotransferase level decreased significantly in the treatment group, compared to the placebo group (p < 0.001). Concomitant use of dexamethasone and remdesivir with silymarin might make the effects of silymarin on the improvement of patients' condition unclear. Further clinical trials are recommended with diverse dosages and larger sample sizes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hossein Aryan
- Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, Aja University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ramin Hamidi Farahani
- Infectious Disease Research Center, AJA University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohsen Chamanara
- Toxicology Research Center, Aja University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Aja University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Sepideh Elyasi
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Mahmoud Reza Jaafari
- Nanotechnology Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.,Department of Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Mahboubeh Haddad
- Department of Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Ashraf Tavanaee Sani
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Tropical medicine, Faculty of medicine, Mashhad University of medical sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | | | - Reza Mosaed
- Internal Medicine Department, School of Medicine, AJA University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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20
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Shahridan Faiez T, Singanayagam A. Down to a T: The Functional Importance of Lymphopenia in Severe COVID-19. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2022; 205:1370-1372. [PMID: 35452367 PMCID: PMC9875899 DOI: 10.1164/rccm.202203-0526ed] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
| | - Aran Singanayagam
- Department of Infectious DiseaseImperial College LondonLondon, United Kingdom
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21
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Li F, Boon ACM, Michelson AP, Foraker RE, Zhan M, Payne PRO. Estrogen hormone is an essential sex factor inhibiting inflammation and immune response in COVID-19. Sci Rep 2022; 12:9462. [PMID: 35676404 PMCID: PMC9175532 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-13585-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2021] [Accepted: 05/25/2022] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Although vaccines have been evaluated and approved for SARS-CoV-2 infection prevention, there remains a lack of effective treatments to reduce the mortality of COVID-19 patients already infected with SARS-CoV-2. The global data on COVID-19 showed that men have a higher mortality rate than women. We further observed that the proportion of mortality of females increases starting from around the age of 55 significantly. Thus, sex is an essential factor associated with COVID-19 mortality, and sex related genetic factors could be interesting mechanisms and targets for COVID-19 treatment. However, the associated sex factors and signaling pathways remain unclear. Here, we propose to uncover the potential sex associated factors using systematic and integrative network analysis. The unique results indicated that estrogens, e.g., estrone and estriol, (1) interacting with ESR1/2 receptors, (2) can inhibit SARS-CoV-2 caused inflammation and immune response signaling in host cells; and (3) estrogens are associated with the distinct fatality rates between male and female COVID-19 patients. Specifically, a high level of estradiol protects young female COVID-19 patients, and estrogens drop to an extremely low level in females after about 55 years of age causing the increased fatality rate of women. In conclusion, estrogen, interacting with ESR1/2 receptors, is an essential sex factor that protects COVID-19 patients from death by inhibiting inflammation and immune response caused by SARS-CoV-2 infection. Moreover, medications boosting the down-stream signaling of ESR1/ESR2, or inhibiting the inflammation and immune-associated targets on the signaling network can be potentially effective or synergistic combined with other existing drugs for COVID-19 treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fuhai Li
- Institute for Informatics (I2), Washington University in St. Louis School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA.
- Department of Pediatrics, Washington University in St. Louis School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA.
| | - Adrianus C M Boon
- Department of Medicine, Washington University in St. Louis School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
- Pathology & Immunology, Washington University in St. Louis School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
- Department of Molecular Microbiology, Washington University in St. Louis School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Andrew P Michelson
- Institute for Informatics (I2), Washington University in St. Louis School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
- Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Washington University in St. Louis School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Randi E Foraker
- Institute for Informatics (I2), Washington University in St. Louis School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
- Department of Medicine, Washington University in St. Louis School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Ming Zhan
- National Institute of Mental Health (NIMH), NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Philip R O Payne
- Institute for Informatics (I2), Washington University in St. Louis School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
- Department of Medicine, Washington University in St. Louis School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
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22
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Hultström M, Fromell K, Larsson A, Persson B, Nilsson B, Quaggin SE, Betsholtz C, Frithiof R, Lipcsey M, Jeansson M. Angiopoietin-2 Inhibition of Thrombomodulin-Mediated Anticoagulation-A Novel Mechanism That May Contribute to Hypercoagulation in Critically Ill COVID-19 Patients. Biomedicines 2022; 10:1333. [PMID: 35740360 PMCID: PMC9220312 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10061333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2022] [Revised: 05/23/2022] [Accepted: 06/02/2022] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Hypercoagulation and endothelial dysfunction play central roles in severe forms of COVID-19 infections, but the molecular mechanisms involved are unclear. Increased plasma levels of the inflammatory cytokine and TIE2 receptor antagonist Angiopoietin-2 were reported in severely ill COVID-19 patients. In vitro experiments suggest that Angiopoietin-2 bind and inhibits thrombomodulin. Thrombomodulin is expressed on the luminal surface of endothelial cells where it is an important member of the intrinsic anticoagulant pathway through activation of protein C. Using clinical data, mouse models, and in vitro assays, we tested if Angiopoietin-2 plays a causal role in COVID-19-associated hypercoagulation through direct inhibition of thrombin/thrombomodulin-mediated physiological anticoagulation. Angiopoietin-2 was measured in 61 patients at admission, and after 10 days in the 40 patients remaining in the ICU. We found that Angiopoietin-2 levels were increased in COVID-19 patients in correlation with disease severity, hypercoagulation, and mortality. In support of a direct effect of Angiopoietin-2 on coagulation, we found that injected Angiopoietin-2 in mice associated to thrombomodulin and resulted in a shortened tail bleeding time, decreased circulating levels of activated protein C, and increased plasma thrombin/antithrombin complexes. Conversely, bleeding time was increased in endothelial-specific Angiopoietin-2 knockout mice, while knockout of Tie2 had no effect on tail bleeding. Using in vitro assays, we found that Angiopoietin-2 inhibited thrombomodulin-mediated anticoagulation and protein C activation in human donor plasma. Our data suggest a novel in vivo mechanism for Angiopoietin-2 in COVID-19-associated hypercoagulation, implicating that Angiopoietin-2 inhibitors may be effective in the treatment of hypercoagulation in severe COVID-19 infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Hultström
- Anaesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, Department of Surgical Sciences, Uppsala University, 751 85 Uppsala, Sweden; (M.H.); (R.F.); (M.L.)
- Integrative Physiology, Department of Medical Cell Biology, Uppsala University, 751 23 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Karin Fromell
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Uppsala University, 751 85 Uppsala, Sweden; (K.F.); (B.P.); (B.N.); (C.B.)
| | - Anders Larsson
- Department of Medical Sciences, Clinical Chemistry, Uppsala University, 751 85 Uppsala, Sweden;
| | - Barbro Persson
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Uppsala University, 751 85 Uppsala, Sweden; (K.F.); (B.P.); (B.N.); (C.B.)
| | - Bo Nilsson
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Uppsala University, 751 85 Uppsala, Sweden; (K.F.); (B.P.); (B.N.); (C.B.)
| | - Susan E. Quaggin
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA;
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Christer Betsholtz
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Uppsala University, 751 85 Uppsala, Sweden; (K.F.); (B.P.); (B.N.); (C.B.)
- Department of Medicine Huddinge, Karolinska Institutet, 141 52 Huddinge, Sweden
| | - Robert Frithiof
- Anaesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, Department of Surgical Sciences, Uppsala University, 751 85 Uppsala, Sweden; (M.H.); (R.F.); (M.L.)
| | - Miklos Lipcsey
- Anaesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, Department of Surgical Sciences, Uppsala University, 751 85 Uppsala, Sweden; (M.H.); (R.F.); (M.L.)
- Hedenstierna Laboratory, CIRRUS, Anaesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, Department of Surgical Sciences, Uppsala University, 751 23 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Marie Jeansson
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Uppsala University, 751 85 Uppsala, Sweden; (K.F.); (B.P.); (B.N.); (C.B.)
- Department of Medicine Huddinge, Karolinska Institutet, 141 52 Huddinge, Sweden
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23
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Schreiber S, Ben-Horin S, Alten R, Westhovens R, Peyrin-Biroulet L, Danese S, Hibi T, Takeuchi K, Magro F, An Y, Kim DH, Yoon S, Reinisch W. Perspectives on Subcutaneous Infliximab for Rheumatic Diseases and Inflammatory Bowel Disease: Before, During, and After the COVID-19 Era. Adv Ther 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s12325-021-01990-6
expr 982114691 + 941296860] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/16/2023]
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24
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Schreiber S, Ben-Horin S, Alten R, Westhovens R, Peyrin-Biroulet L, Danese S, Hibi T, Takeuchi K, Magro F, An Y, Kim DH, Yoon S, Reinisch W. Perspectives on Subcutaneous Infliximab for Rheumatic Diseases and Inflammatory Bowel Disease: Before, During, and After the COVID-19 Era. Adv Ther 2022; 39:2342-2364. [PMID: 34988877 PMCID: PMC8731678 DOI: 10.1007/s12325-021-01990-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2021] [Accepted: 11/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has prompted significant changes in patient care in rheumatology and gastroenterology, with clinical guidance issued to manage ongoing therapy while minimising the risk of nosocomial infection for patients and healthcare professionals (HCPs). Subcutaneous (SC) formulations of biologics enable patients to self-administer treatments at home; however, switching between agents may be undesirable. CT-P13 SC is the first SC formulation of infliximab that received regulatory approval and may be termed a biobetter as it offers significant clinical advantages over intravenous (IV) infliximab, including improved pharmacokinetics and a convenient mode of delivery. Potential benefits in terms of reduced immunogenicity have also been suggested. With a new SC formulation, infliximab provides an additional option for dual formulation, which enables patients to transition from IV to SC administration route without changing agent. Before COVID-19, clinical trials supported the efficacy and safety of switching from IV to SC infliximab for patients with rheumatoid arthritis and inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), and SC infliximab may have been selected on the basis of patient and HCP preferences for SC agents. During the pandemic, patients with rheumatic diseases and IBD have successfully switched from IV to SC infliximab, with some clinical benefits and high levels of patient satisfaction. As patients switched to SC therapeutics, the reduction in resource requirements for IV infusion services may have been particularly welcome given the pandemic, facilitating reorganisation and redeployment in overstretched healthcare systems, alongside pharmacoeconomic benefits and a reduction in exposure to nosocomial infection. Telemedicine and contactless healthcare have been pushed to the forefront during the pandemic, and a lasting shift towards remote patient management and community/home-based drug administration is anticipated. SC infliximab supports the implementation of this paradigm for future improvements of healthcare value delivered. The accumulation of real-world data during the pandemic supports the high level of confidence, with patients, physicians, and healthcare systems benefitting from its uptake.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefan Schreiber
- Department of Medicine I, Christian-Albrechts-University, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Kiel, Germany
| | - Shomron Ben-Horin
- Gastroenterology Department, Sheba Medical Center, Tel Aviv University, Tel-Hashomer, Israel
| | - Rieke Alten
- Department of Internal Medicine II, Rheumatology, Clinical Immunology, Osteology, Schlosspark Klinik, University Medicine Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - René Westhovens
- Department of Development and Regeneration, Skeletal Biology and Engineering Research Center, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Laurent Peyrin-Biroulet
- Department of Gastroenterology, Nancy University Hospital, Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, France
- Inserm U1256 NGERE, Lorraine University, Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, France
| | - Silvio Danese
- Gastroenterology and Endoscopy Unit, IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele, University Vita-Salute San Raffaele, Milan, Italy
| | - Toshifumi Hibi
- Center for Advanced IBD Research and Treatment, Kitasato Institute Hospital, Kitasato University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Ken Takeuchi
- Department of Gastroenterology, IBD Center, Tsujinaka Hospital Kashiwanoha, Chiba, Japan
| | - Fernando Magro
- Department of Biomedicine, Unit of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
- Department of Gastroenterology, Centro Hospitalar São João, Porto, Portugal
- MedInUP, Centre for Drug Discovery and Innovative Medicines, Porto, Portugal
| | - Yoorim An
- Celltrion Healthcare Co., Ltd, Incheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong-Hyeon Kim
- Celltrion Healthcare Co., Ltd, Incheon, Republic of Korea
| | - SangWook Yoon
- Celltrion Healthcare Co., Ltd, Incheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Walter Reinisch
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine III, Medical University of Vienna, Währinger Gürtel 18-20, 1090, Vienna, Austria.
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25
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The second decade of anti-TNF-a therapy in clinical practice: new lessons and future directions in the COVID-19 era. Rheumatol Int 2022; 42:1493-1511. [PMID: 35503130 PMCID: PMC9063259 DOI: 10.1007/s00296-022-05136-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2022] [Accepted: 04/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Since the late 1990s, tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) inhibitors (anti-TNFs) have revolutionized the therapy of immune-mediated inflammatory diseases (IMIDs) affecting the gut, joints, skin and eyes. Although the therapeutic armamentarium in IMIDs is being constantly expanded, anti-TNFs remain the cornerstone of their treatment. During the second decade of their application in clinical practice, a large body of additional knowledge has accumulated regarding various aspects of anti-TNF-α therapy, whereas new indications have been added. Recent experimental studies have shown that anti-TNFs exert their beneficial effects not only by restoring aberrant TNF-mediated immune mechanisms, but also by de-activating pathogenic fibroblast-like mesenchymal cells. Real-world data on millions of patients further confirmed the remarkable efficacy of anti-TNFs. It is now clear that anti-TNFs alter the physical course of inflammatory arthritis and inflammatory bowel disease, leading to inhibition of local and systemic bone loss and to a decline in the number of surgeries for disease-related complications, while anti-TNFs improve morbidity and mortality, acting beneficially also on cardiovascular comorbidities. On the other hand, no new safety signals emerged, whereas anti-TNF-α safety in pregnancy and amid the COVID-19 pandemic was confirmed. The use of biosimilars was associated with cost reductions making anti-TNFs more widely available. Moreover, the current implementation of the “treat-to-target” approach and treatment de-escalation strategies of IMIDs were based on anti-TNFs. An intensive search to discover biomarkers to optimize response to anti-TNF-α treatment is currently ongoing. Finally, selective targeting of TNF-α receptors, new forms of anti-TNFs and combinations with other agents, are being tested in clinical trials and will probably expand the spectrum of TNF-α inhibition as a therapeutic strategy for IMIDs.
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Kumar D, Rostad CA, Jaggi P, Villacis Nunez DS, Prince C, Lu A, Hussaini L, Nguyen TH, Malik S, Ponder LA, Shenoy SPV, Anderson EJ, Briones M, Sanz I, Prahalad S, Chandrakasan S. Distinguishing immune activation and inflammatory signatures of multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children (MIS-C) versus hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (HLH). J Allergy Clin Immunol 2022; 149:1592-1606.e16. [PMID: 35304157 PMCID: PMC8923010 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2022.02.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2021] [Revised: 02/18/2022] [Accepted: 02/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children (MIS-C) is a potentially life-threatening sequela of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 infection characterized by hyperinflammation and multiorgan dysfunction. Although hyperinflammation is a prominent manifestation of MIS-C, there is limited understanding of how the inflammatory state of MIS-C differs from that of well-characterized hyperinflammatory syndromes such as hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (HLH). OBJECTIVES We sought to compare the qualitative and quantitative inflammatory profile differences between patients with MIS-C, coronavirus disease 2019, and HLH. METHODS Clinical data abstraction from patient charts, T-cell immunophenotyping, and multiplex cytokine and chemokine profiling were performed for patients with MIS-C, patients with coronavirus disease 2019, and patients with HLH. RESULTS We found that both patients with MIS-C and patients with HLH showed robust T-cell activation, markers of senescence, and exhaustion along with elevated TH1 and proinflammatory cytokines such as IFN-γ, C-X-C motif chemokine ligand 9, and C-X-C motif chemokine ligand 10. In comparison, the amplitude of T-cell activation and the levels of cytokines/chemokines were higher in patients with HLH when compared with patients with MIS-C. Distinguishing inflammatory features of MIS-C included elevation in TH2 inflammatory cytokines such as IL-4 and IL-13 and cytokine mediators of angiogenesis, vascular injury, and tissue repair such as vascular endothelial growth factor A and platelet-derived growth factor. Immune activation and hypercytokinemia in MIS-C resolved at follow-up. In addition, when these immune parameters were correlated with clinical parameters, CD8+ T-cell activation correlated with cardiac dysfunction parameters such as B-type natriuretic peptide and troponin and inversely correlated with platelet count. CONCLUSIONS Overall, this study characterizes unique and overlapping immunologic features that help to define the hyperinflammation associated with MIS-C versus HLH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deepak Kumar
- Aflac Cancer and Blood Disorders Center, Department of Pediatrics, Children's Healthcare of Atlanta, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Ga
| | - Christina A Rostad
- Center for Childhood Infections and Vaccines, Children's Healthcare of Atlanta, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Ga
| | - Preeti Jaggi
- Center for Childhood Infections and Vaccines, Children's Healthcare of Atlanta, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Ga
| | - D Sofia Villacis Nunez
- Division of Pediatric Rheumatology, Department of Pediatrics, Children's Healthcare of Atlanta, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Ga
| | - Chengyu Prince
- Aflac Cancer and Blood Disorders Center, Department of Pediatrics, Children's Healthcare of Atlanta, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Ga
| | - Austin Lu
- Center for Childhood Infections and Vaccines, Children's Healthcare of Atlanta, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Ga
| | - Laila Hussaini
- Center for Childhood Infections and Vaccines, Children's Healthcare of Atlanta, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Ga
| | - Thinh H Nguyen
- Aflac Cancer and Blood Disorders Center, Department of Pediatrics, Children's Healthcare of Atlanta, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Ga
| | - Sakshi Malik
- Emory Vaccine Center, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Ga; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Ga
| | | | - Sreekala P V Shenoy
- Division of Pediatric Rheumatology, Department of Pediatrics, Children's Healthcare of Atlanta, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Ga
| | - Evan J Anderson
- Center for Childhood Infections and Vaccines, Children's Healthcare of Atlanta, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Ga; Department of Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Ga
| | - Michael Briones
- Aflac Cancer and Blood Disorders Center, Department of Pediatrics, Children's Healthcare of Atlanta, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Ga
| | - Ignacio Sanz
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Ga; Lowance Center for Human Immunology, Emory University, Atlanta, Ga
| | - Sampath Prahalad
- Division of Pediatric Rheumatology, Department of Pediatrics, Children's Healthcare of Atlanta, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Ga; Department of Human Genetics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Ga
| | - Shanmuganathan Chandrakasan
- Aflac Cancer and Blood Disorders Center, Department of Pediatrics, Children's Healthcare of Atlanta, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Ga.
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Lyra E Silva NM, Barros-Aragão FGQ, De Felice FG, Ferreira ST. Inflammation at the crossroads of COVID-19, cognitive deficits and depression. Neuropharmacology 2022; 209:109023. [PMID: 35257690 PMCID: PMC8894741 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2022.109023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2021] [Revised: 02/27/2022] [Accepted: 03/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Natalia M Lyra E Silva
- Centre for Neuroscience Studies, Department of Biomedical and Molecular Sciences, Queen's University, Kingston, ON, Canada; Department of Psychiatry, Queen's University, Kingston, ON, Canada.
| | - Fernanda G Q Barros-Aragão
- D'OR Institute for Research & Education, RJ, Brazil; Institute of Medical Biochemistry Leopoldo de Meis, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil.
| | - Fernanda G De Felice
- Centre for Neuroscience Studies, Department of Biomedical and Molecular Sciences, Queen's University, Kingston, ON, Canada; Department of Psychiatry, Queen's University, Kingston, ON, Canada; D'OR Institute for Research & Education, RJ, Brazil; Institute of Medical Biochemistry Leopoldo de Meis, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Sergio T Ferreira
- D'OR Institute for Research & Education, RJ, Brazil; Institute of Medical Biochemistry Leopoldo de Meis, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil; Institute of Biophysics Carlos Chagas Filho, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
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Costanza A, Amerio A, Aguglia A, Serafini G, Amore M, Hasler R, Ambrosetti J, Bondolfi G, Sampogna G, Berardelli I, Fiorillo A, Pompili M, Nguyen KD. Hyper/neuroinflammation in COVID-19 and suicide etiopathogenesis: Hypothesis for a nefarious collision? Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2022; 136:104606. [PMID: 35289272 PMCID: PMC8916836 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2022.104606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2021] [Revised: 02/23/2022] [Accepted: 03/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Accumulating scientific and clinical evidence highlighted pathological hyperinflammation as a cardinal feature of SARS-CoV-2 infection and acute COVID-19 disease. With the emergence of long COVID-19 syndrome, several chronic health consequences, including neuropsychiatric sequelae, have gained attention from the public and medical communities. Since inflammatory mediators have also been accredited as putative biomarkers of suicidal ideations and behaviors, hyper- and neuroinflammation might share some colliding points, overlapping and being interconnected in the context of COVID-19. This review aims to provide a summary of current knowledge on the molecular and cellular mechanisms of COVID-19-associated hyper/neuroinflammation with focus on their relevance to the inflammatory hypothesis of suicide development. Subsequently, strategies to alleviate COVID-19 hyper/neuroinflammation by immunomodulatory agents (many of which at experimental stages) as well as psychopharmacologic/psychotherapeutic approaches are also mentioned. While suicide risk in COVID-19 survivors - until now little known - needs further analysis through longitudinal studies, current observations and mechanistic postulates warrant additional attention to this possibly emerging mental health concern.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Costanza
- Departement of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva (UNIGE), Geneva, Switzerland; Faculty of Biomedical Sciences, Università della Svizzera Italiana (USI), Lugano, Switzerland.
| | - A Amerio
- Department of Neuroscience, Rehabilitation, Ophthalmology, Genetics, Maternal and Child Health (DINOGMI), Section of Psychiatry, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy; IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genoa, Italy
| | - A Aguglia
- Department of Neuroscience, Rehabilitation, Ophthalmology, Genetics, Maternal and Child Health (DINOGMI), Section of Psychiatry, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy; IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genoa, Italy
| | - G Serafini
- Department of Neuroscience, Rehabilitation, Ophthalmology, Genetics, Maternal and Child Health (DINOGMI), Section of Psychiatry, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy; IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genoa, Italy
| | - M Amore
- Department of Neuroscience, Rehabilitation, Ophthalmology, Genetics, Maternal and Child Health (DINOGMI), Section of Psychiatry, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy; IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genoa, Italy
| | - R Hasler
- Departement of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva (UNIGE), Geneva, Switzerland; Department of Psychiatry, Service of Psychiatric Specialties, University Hospitals of Geneva (HUG), Geneva, Switzerland
| | - J Ambrosetti
- Department of Psychiatry and Department of Emergency, Emergency Psychiatric Unit (UAUP), Geneva University Hospitals (HUG), Geneva, Switzerland
| | - G Bondolfi
- Departement of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva (UNIGE), Geneva, Switzerland; Faculty of Biomedical Sciences, Università della Svizzera Italiana (USI), Lugano, Switzerland; Department of Psychiatry, Service of Liaison Psychiatry and Crisis Intervention (SPLIC), University Hospitals (HUG), Geneva, Switzerland
| | - G Sampogna
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Campania "L. Vanvitelli", Naples, Italy
| | - I Berardelli
- Sant'Andrea Hospital, "Sapienza" University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - A Fiorillo
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Campania "L. Vanvitelli", Naples, Italy
| | - M Pompili
- Sant'Andrea Hospital, "Sapienza" University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - K D Nguyen
- Tranquis Therapeutics, Palo Alto, CA, USA; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA, USA
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Hosseini P, Fallahi MS, Erabi G, Pakdin M, Zarezadeh SM, Faridzadeh A, Entezari S, Ansari A, Poudineh M, Deravi N. Multisystem Inflammatory Syndrome and Autoimmune Diseases Following COVID-19: Molecular Mechanisms and Therapeutic Opportunities. Front Mol Biosci 2022; 9:804109. [PMID: 35495619 PMCID: PMC9046575 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2022.804109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2021] [Accepted: 03/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome-coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), has led to huge concern worldwide. Some SARS-CoV-2 infected patients may experience post–COVID-19 complications such as multisystem inflammatory syndrome, defined by symptoms including fever and elevated inflammatory markers (such as elevation of C reactive protein (CRP), erythrocyte sedimentation rate, fibrinogen, procalcitonin test, D-dimer, ferritin, lactate dehydrogenase or IL-6, presence of neutrophilia, lymphopenia, decreased albumin, and multiple organ dysfunction). Post–COVID-19 complications may also manifest as autoimmune diseases such as Guillain-Barré syndrome and systemic lupus erythematosus. Signaling disorders, increased inflammatory cytokines secretion, corticosteroid use to treat COVID-19 patients, or impaired immune responses are suggested causes of autoimmune diseases in these patients. In this review, we discuss the molecular and pathophysiological mechanisms and therapeutic opportunities for multisystem inflammatory syndrome and autoimmune diseases following SARS-CoV-2 infection with the aim to provide a clear view for health care providers and researchers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Parastoo Hosseini
- Department of Virology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Research Center for Clinical Virology, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Gisou Erabi
- Student Research Committee, School of Medicine, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran
| | - Majid Pakdin
- Student Research Committee, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | | | - Arezoo Faridzadeh
- Department of Immunology and Allergy, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
- Immunology Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Sarina Entezari
- Student Research Committee, School of Allied Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Arina Ansari
- Student Research Committee, School of Medicine, North Khorasan University of Medical Sciences, Bojnurd, Iran
| | | | - Niloofar Deravi
- Student Research Committee, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- *Correspondence: Niloofar Deravi,
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Abstract
The emergence of SARS-CoV-2 triggering the COVID-19 pandemic ranks as arguably the greatest medical emergency of the last century. COVID-19 has highlighted health disparities both within and between countries and will leave a lasting impact on global society. Nonetheless, substantial investment in life sciences over recent decades has facilitated a rapid scientific response with innovations in viral characterization, testing, and sequencing. Perhaps most remarkably, this permitted the development of highly effective vaccines, which are being distributed globally at unprecedented speed. In contrast, drug treatments for the established disease have delivered limited benefits so far. Innovative and rapid approaches in the design and execution of large-scale clinical trials and repurposing of existing drugs have saved many lives; however, many more remain at risk. In this review we describe challenges and unmet needs, discuss existing therapeutics, and address future opportunities. Consideration is given to factors that have hindered drug development in order to support planning for the next pandemic challenge and to allow rapid and cost-effective development of new therapeutics with equitable delivery.
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31
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Marmitt DJ. Potential plants for inflammatory dysfunction in the SARS-CoV-2 infection. Inflammopharmacology 2022; 30:749-773. [PMID: 35389124 PMCID: PMC8987270 DOI: 10.1007/s10787-022-00981-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2022] [Accepted: 03/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
The inflammatory process is a biological response of the organism to remove injurious stimuli and initiate homeostasis. It has been recognized as a key player in the most severe forms of SARS-CoV-2, characterized by significantly increased pro-inflammatory cytokine levels, the so-called "cytokine storm" that appears to play a pivotal role in this disease. Therefore, the aim of this systematic review was to select clinical trials with anti-inflammatory plants and relate the activity of these plants to inflammatory markers of SARS-CoV-2 infection. PRISMA guidelines are followed, and studies of interest are indexed in PubMed and ClinicalTrials.gov databases. As a result, 32 clinical trials encompassing 22 plants were selected. The main anti-inflammatory mechanisms described in the studies are the inhibition of inflammatory cytokines, such as IL-6, TNF-a, IFN-γ, and IL-1; decreased CRP and oxidative marker levels; increased endogenous antioxidant levels; modulation of cardiovascular risk markers. The data found are not directly related to SARS-CoV-2 infection. However, they provide possibilities for new studies as plants have a wide array of phytochemicals, and detecting which ones are responsible for anti-inflammatory effects can provide invaluable contribution to studies aiming to evaluate efficacy in scenarios of SARS-CoV-2 infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diorge Jônatas Marmitt
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biotecnologia, Universidade Do Vale Do Taquari - Univates, Avelino Talini Street, 171, Lajeado, RS, 95914-014, Brazil.
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32
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Yim KHW, Borgoni S, Chahwan R. Serum extracellular vesicles profiling is associated with COVID-19 progression and immune responses. JOURNAL OF EXTRACELLULAR BIOLOGY 2022; 1:e37. [PMID: 35574251 PMCID: PMC9088353 DOI: 10.1002/jex2.37] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2021] [Revised: 02/28/2022] [Accepted: 03/09/2022] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) has transformed very quickly into a world pandemic with severe and unexpected consequences on human health. Concerted efforts to generate better diagnostic and prognostic tools have been ongoing. Research, thus far, has primarily focused on the virus itself or the direct immune response to it. Here, we propose extracellular vesicles (EVs) from serum liquid biopsies as a new and unique modality to unify diagnostic and prognostic tools for COVID‐19 analyses. EVs are a novel player in intercellular signalling particularly influencing immune responses. We herein show that innate and adaptive immune EVs profiling, together with SARS‐CoV‐2 Spike S1+ EVs provide a novel signature for SARS‐CoV‐2 infection. It also provides a unique ability to associate the co‐existence of viral and host cell signatures to monitor affected tissues and severity of the disease progression. And provide a phenotypic insight into COVID‐associated EVs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin Ho Wai Yim
- Institute of Experimental Immunology University of Zurich Zurich Switzerland
| | - Simone Borgoni
- Institute of Experimental Immunology University of Zurich Zurich Switzerland
| | - Richard Chahwan
- Institute of Experimental Immunology University of Zurich Zurich Switzerland
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Alrashed F, Alasfour H, Shehab M. Impact of biologics and small molecules for inflammatory bowel disease on
COVID
‐19‐related hospitalization and mortality: A systematic review and meta‐analysis. JGH Open 2022; 6:241-250. [PMID: 35475207 PMCID: PMC9021715 DOI: 10.1002/jgh3.12728] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2021] [Revised: 01/31/2022] [Accepted: 03/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Background and Aim Methods Results Conclusion
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatema Alrashed
- Department of Pharmacy Practice Kuwait University Jabriya Kuwait
| | - Hajer Alasfour
- Department of Pharmacy Practice Kuwait University Jabriya Kuwait
| | - Mohammad Shehab
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, Mubarak Alkabeer University Hospital Kuwait University Jabriya Kuwait
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Persson J, Andersson B, van Veen S, Haks MC, Obudulu O, Torkzadeh S, Ottenhoff TH, Kanberg N, Gisslén M, Andersson LM, Harandi AM. Stratification of COVID-19 patients based on quantitative immune-related gene expression in whole blood. Mol Immunol 2022; 145:17-26. [PMID: 35272104 PMCID: PMC8894815 DOI: 10.1016/j.molimm.2022.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2021] [Revised: 01/05/2022] [Accepted: 03/01/2022] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
The severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) causes mild symptoms in the majority of infected individuals, yet in some cases it leads to a life-threatening condition. Determination of early predictive biomarkers enabling risk stratification for coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) patients can inform treatment and intervention strategies. Herein, we analyzed whole blood samples obtained from individuals infected with SARS-CoV-2, varying from mild to critical symptoms, approximately one week after symptom onset. In order to identify blood-specific markers of disease severity status, a targeted expression analysis of 143 immune-related genes was carried out by dual-color reverse transcriptase multiplex ligation-dependent probe amplification (dcRT-MLPA). The clinically well-defined subgroups of COVID-19 patients were compared with healthy controls. The transcriptional profile of the critically ill patients clearly separated from that of healthy individuals. Moreover, the number of differentially expressed genes increased by severity of COVID-19. It was also found that critically ill patients can be distinguished by reduced peripheral blood expression of several genes, which most likely reflects the lower lymphocyte counts. There was a notable predominance of IFN-associated gene expression in all subgroups of COVID-19, which was most profound in critically ill patients. Interestingly, the gene encoding one of the main TNF-receptors, TNFRS1A, had selectively lower expression in mild COVID-19 cases. This report provides added value in understanding COVID-19 disease, and shows potential of determining early immune transcript signatures in the blood of patients with different disease severity. These results can guide further explorations to uncover mechanisms underlying immunity and immunopathology in COVID-19.
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Ben Moftah M, Eswayah A. Intricate relationship between SARS-CoV-2-induced shedding and cytokine storm generation: A signaling inflammatory pathway augmenting COVID-19. HEALTH SCIENCES REVIEW (OXFORD, ENGLAND) 2022; 2:100011. [PMID: 35013738 PMCID: PMC8734057 DOI: 10.1016/j.hsr.2021.100011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2021] [Revised: 12/20/2021] [Accepted: 12/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), through its ability to induce cytokine release syndrome, can set up a generalized inflammatory response together with activating multiple inflammatory pathways, which contributes to a dramatic increase in the number of mortalities and morbidities worldwide. Reportedly, the manipulative nature of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), which targets the immune system, often focuses on specific inflammation-related pathways, usually confined to interleukins and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), with a great emphasis on therapeutic approaches targeting the inhibition of these inflammatory mediators. The involvement of a disintegrin and metalloprotease 17 (ADAM-17) and matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9) in the pathogenesis of COVID-19, through their ability to potentiate the cytokine storm during an episode of SARS-CoV-2 infection, often goes unnoticed. In this review, the intricate relationship between ADAM-17 and MMP-9 together with angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE-2) as the main target for SARS-CoV-2 is highlighted in detail through a compilation of evidence-based literature; thus, we shed light on a proposed inflammatory pathway that COVID-19 may exploit to provoke an inflammatory response of a complex nature. Conclusively, our proposed mechanism acts as a means to developing a therapeutic approach aimed at modulating the intricate communication between ADAM-17 and MMP-9, where a great emphasis on the role of ACE-2 shedding and subsequent elevation in angiotensin II (Ang-II) levels is crucial to understanding the awry inflammatory response in patients with COVID-19. From this concept, designing a therapeutic strategy targeting multiple inflammatory mediators and enzymes simultaneously is another approach to unravel this global pandemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Moayed Ben Moftah
- Department of Medicinal and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Tripoli, Tripoli, Libya
| | - Asma Eswayah
- Department of Medicinal and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Tripoli, Tripoli, Libya
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Pandey P, Al Rumaih Z, Kels MJT, Ng E, Kc R, Chaudhri G, Karupiah G. Targeting ectromelia virus and TNF/NF-κB or STAT3 signaling for effective treatment of viral pneumonia. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2022; 119:e2112725119. [PMID: 35177474 PMCID: PMC8872766 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2112725119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2021] [Accepted: 01/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Viral causes of pneumonia pose constant threats to global public health, but there are no specific treatments currently available for the condition. Antivirals are ineffective when administered late after the onset of symptoms. Pneumonia is caused by an exaggerated inflammatory cytokine response to infection, but tissue necrosis and damage caused by virus also contribute to lung pathology. We hypothesized that viral pneumonia can be treated effectively if both virus and inflammation are simultaneously targeted. Combined treatment with the antiviral drug cidofovir and etanercept, which targets tumor necrosis factor (TNF), down-regulated nuclear factor kappa B-signaling and effectively reduced morbidity and mortality during respiratory ectromelia virus (ECTV) infection in mice even when treatment was initiated after onset of clinical signs. Treatment with cidofovir alone reduced viral load, but animals died from severe lung pathology. Treatment with etanercept had no effect on viral load but diminished levels of inflammatory cytokines and chemokines including TNF, IL-6, IL-1β, IL-12p40, TGF-β, and CCL5 and dampened activation of the STAT3 cytokine-signaling pathway, which transduces signals from multiple cytokines implicated in lung pathology. Consequently, combined treatment with a STAT3 inhibitor and cidofovir was effective in improving clinical disease and lung pathology in ECTV-infected mice. Thus, the simultaneous targeting of virus and a specific inflammatory cytokine or cytokine-signaling pathway is effective in the treatment of pneumonia. This approach might be applicable to pneumonia caused by emerging and re-emerging viruses, like seasonal and pandemic influenza A virus strains and severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pratikshya Pandey
- Viral Immunology and Immunopathology Group, Tasmanian School of Medicine, University of Tasmania, Hobart, TAS 7000, Australia
| | - Zahrah Al Rumaih
- Department of Immunology, John Curtin School of Medical Research, Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia
| | - Ma Junaliah Tuazon Kels
- Department of Immunology, John Curtin School of Medical Research, Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia
| | - Esther Ng
- Department of Immunology, John Curtin School of Medical Research, Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia
| | - Rajendra Kc
- Viral Immunology and Immunopathology Group, Tasmanian School of Medicine, University of Tasmania, Hobart, TAS 7000, Australia
| | - Geeta Chaudhri
- Department of Immunology, John Curtin School of Medical Research, Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia
| | - Gunasegaran Karupiah
- Viral Immunology and Immunopathology Group, Tasmanian School of Medicine, University of Tasmania, Hobart, TAS 7000, Australia;
- Department of Immunology, John Curtin School of Medical Research, Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia
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Morgulchik N, Athanasopoulou F, Chu E, Lam Y, Kamaly N. Potential therapeutic approaches for targeted inhibition of inflammatory cytokines following COVID-19 infection-induced cytokine storm. Interface Focus 2022; 12:20210006. [PMID: 34956607 PMCID: PMC8662389 DOI: 10.1098/rsfs.2021.0006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2021] [Accepted: 10/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a deadly respiratory disease caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2, which has caused a global pandemic since early 2020 and severely threatened people's livelihoods and health. Patients with pre-diagnosed conditions admitted to hospital often develop complications leading to mortality due to acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) and associated multiorgan failure and blood clots. ARDS is associated with a cytokine storm. Cytokine storms arise due to elevated levels of circulating cytokines and are associated with infections. Targeting various pro-inflammatory cytokines in a specific manner can result in a potent therapeutic approach with minimal host collateral damage. Immunoregulatory therapies are now of interest in order to regulate the cytokine storm, and this review will summarize and discuss advances in targeted therapies against cytokine storms induced by COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nelli Morgulchik
- Department of Chemistry, Molecular Sciences Research Hub, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Foteini Athanasopoulou
- Department of Chemistry, Molecular Sciences Research Hub, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Edmund Chu
- Department of Chemistry, Molecular Sciences Research Hub, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Yoriko Lam
- Department of Chemistry, Molecular Sciences Research Hub, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Nazila Kamaly
- Department of Chemistry, Molecular Sciences Research Hub, Imperial College London, London, UK
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Plaçais L, Richier Q, Noël N, Lacombe K, Mariette X, Hermine O. Immune interventions in COVID-19: a matter of time? Mucosal Immunol 2022; 15:198-210. [PMID: 34711920 PMCID: PMC8552618 DOI: 10.1038/s41385-021-00464-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2021] [Revised: 10/08/2021] [Accepted: 10/08/2021] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
As the COVID-19 pandemic is still ongoing, and considering the lack of efficacy of antiviral strategies to this date, and the reactive hyperinflammation leading to tissue lesions and pneumonia, effective treatments targeting the dysregulated immune response are more than ever required. Immunomodulatory and immunosuppressive drugs have been repurposed in severe COVID-19 with contrasting results. The heterogeneity in the timing of treatments administrations could be accountable for these discrepancies. Indeed, many studies included patients at different timepoints of infection, potentially hiding the beneficial effects of a time-adapted intervention. We aim to review the available data on the kinetics of the immune response in beta-coronaviruses infections, from animal models and longitudinal human studies, and propose a four-step model of severe COVID-19 timeline. Then, we discuss the results of the clinical trials of immune interventions with regards to the timing of administration, and finally suggest a time frame in order to delineate the best timepoint for each treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Léo Plaçais
- Service de Médecine Interne et Immunologie Clinique, Hôpital Bicêtre, Assistance publique des hôpitaux de Paris, GHU Paris-Saclay, Le Kremlin Bicêtre, France.
- Université Paris-Saclay, Inserm, CEA, Centre de recherche en Immunologie des infections virales et des maladies auto-immunes ImVA, UMR Inserm U1184, 94270, Le Kremlin Bicêtre, France.
| | - Quentin Richier
- Service de maladies infectieuses, Hôpital Saint Antoine, Assistance publique des hôpitaux de Paris, Paris, France.
- Université de Paris, Paris, France.
| | - Nicolas Noël
- Service de Médecine Interne et Immunologie Clinique, Hôpital Bicêtre, Assistance publique des hôpitaux de Paris, GHU Paris-Saclay, Le Kremlin Bicêtre, France
- Université Paris-Saclay, Inserm, CEA, Centre de recherche en Immunologie des infections virales et des maladies auto-immunes ImVA, UMR Inserm U1184, 94270, Le Kremlin Bicêtre, France
| | - Karine Lacombe
- Service de maladies infectieuses, Hôpital Saint Antoine, Assistance publique des hôpitaux de Paris, Paris, France
- Sorbonne Université, Inserm IPLESP, Paris, France
| | - Xavier Mariette
- Service de rhumatologie, Hôpital Bicêtre, Assistance publique des hôpitaux de Paris, Le Kremlin Bicêtre, France
| | - Olivier Hermine
- Université de Paris, Paris, France
- Service d'hématologie, Hôpital Necker, Assistance publique des hôpitaux de Paris, Paris, France
- Institut Imagine, INSERM U1163, Paris, France
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Blocking TNF signaling may save lives in COVID-19 infection. Mol Biol Rep 2022; 49:2303-2309. [PMID: 35076845 PMCID: PMC8787182 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-022-07166-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2021] [Accepted: 01/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Global vaccination effort and better understanding of treatment strategies provided a ray of hope for improvement in COVID-19 pandemic, however, in many countries, the disease continues to collect its death toll. The major pathogenic mechanism behind severe cases associated with high mortality is the burst of pro-inflammatory cytokines TNF, IL-6, IFNγ and others, resulting in multiple organ failure. Although the exact contribution of each cytokine is not clear, we provide an evidence that the central mediator of cytokine storm and its devastating consequences may be TNF. This cytokine is known to be involved in activated blood clotting, lung damage, insulin resistance, heart failure, and other conditions. A number of currently available pharmaceutical agents such as monoclonal antibodies and soluble TNF receptors can effectively prevent TNF from binding to its receptor(s). Other drugs are known to block NFkB, the major signal transducer molecule used in TNF signaling, or to block kinases involved in downstream activation cascades. Some of these medicines have already been selected for clinical trials, but more work is needed. A simple, rapid, and inexpensive method of directly monitoring TNF levels may be a valuable tool for a timely selection of COVID-19 patients for anti-TNF therapy.
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Hasankhani A, Bahrami A, Sheybani N, Aria B, Hemati B, Fatehi F, Ghaem Maghami Farahani H, Javanmard G, Rezaee M, Kastelic JP, Barkema HW. Differential Co-Expression Network Analysis Reveals Key Hub-High Traffic Genes as Potential Therapeutic Targets for COVID-19 Pandemic. Front Immunol 2022; 12:789317. [PMID: 34975885 PMCID: PMC8714803 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.789317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2021] [Accepted: 11/26/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The recent emergence of COVID-19, rapid worldwide spread, and incomplete knowledge of molecular mechanisms underlying SARS-CoV-2 infection have limited development of therapeutic strategies. Our objective was to systematically investigate molecular regulatory mechanisms of COVID-19, using a combination of high throughput RNA-sequencing-based transcriptomics and systems biology approaches. Methods RNA-Seq data from peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) of healthy persons, mild and severe 17 COVID-19 patients were analyzed to generate a gene expression matrix. Weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA) was used to identify co-expression modules in healthy samples as a reference set. For differential co-expression network analysis, module preservation and module-trait relationships approaches were used to identify key modules. Then, protein-protein interaction (PPI) networks, based on co-expressed hub genes, were constructed to identify hub genes/TFs with the highest information transfer (hub-high traffic genes) within candidate modules. Results Based on differential co-expression network analysis, connectivity patterns and network density, 72% (15 of 21) of modules identified in healthy samples were altered by SARS-CoV-2 infection. Therefore, SARS-CoV-2 caused systemic perturbations in host biological gene networks. In functional enrichment analysis, among 15 non-preserved modules and two significant highly-correlated modules (identified by MTRs), 9 modules were directly related to the host immune response and COVID-19 immunopathogenesis. Intriguingly, systemic investigation of SARS-CoV-2 infection identified signaling pathways and key genes/proteins associated with COVID-19's main hallmarks, e.g., cytokine storm, respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), acute lung injury (ALI), lymphopenia, coagulation disorders, thrombosis, and pregnancy complications, as well as comorbidities associated with COVID-19, e.g., asthma, diabetic complications, cardiovascular diseases (CVDs), liver disorders and acute kidney injury (AKI). Topological analysis with betweenness centrality (BC) identified 290 hub-high traffic genes, central in both co-expression and PPI networks. We also identified several transcriptional regulatory factors, including NFKB1, HIF1A, AHR, and TP53, with important immunoregulatory roles in SARS-CoV-2 infection. Moreover, several hub-high traffic genes, including IL6, IL1B, IL10, TNF, SOCS1, SOCS3, ICAM1, PTEN, RHOA, GDI2, SUMO1, CASP1, IRAK3, HSPA5, ADRB2, PRF1, GZMB, OASL, CCL5, HSP90AA1, HSPD1, IFNG, MAPK1, RAB5A, and TNFRSF1A had the highest rates of information transfer in 9 candidate modules and central roles in COVID-19 immunopathogenesis. Conclusion This study provides comprehensive information on molecular mechanisms of SARS-CoV-2-host interactions and identifies several hub-high traffic genes as promising therapeutic targets for the COVID-19 pandemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aliakbar Hasankhani
- Department of Animal Science, College of Agriculture and Natural Resources, University of Tehran, Karaj, Iran
| | - Abolfazl Bahrami
- Department of Animal Science, College of Agriculture and Natural Resources, University of Tehran, Karaj, Iran.,Biomedical Center for Systems Biology Science Munich, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich, Germany
| | - Negin Sheybani
- Department of Animal and Poultry Science, College of Aburaihan, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Behzad Aria
- Department of Physical Education and Sports Science, School of Psychology and Educational Sciences, Yazd University, Yazd, Iran
| | - Behzad Hemati
- Biotechnology Research Center, Karaj Branch, Islamic Azad University, Karaj, Iran
| | - Farhang Fatehi
- Department of Animal Science, College of Agriculture and Natural Resources, University of Tehran, Karaj, Iran
| | | | - Ghazaleh Javanmard
- Department of Animal Science, College of Agriculture and Natural Resources, University of Tehran, Karaj, Iran
| | - Mahsa Rezaee
- Department of Medical Mycology, School of Medical Science, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
| | - John P Kastelic
- Department of Production Animal Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Herman W Barkema
- Department of Production Animal Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
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Abstract
[Figure: see text].
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Affiliation(s)
- Søren R Paludan
- Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Trine H Mogensen
- Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark.,Department of Infectious Diseases, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
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Interim analysis of a multicenter registry study of COVID-19 patients with inflammatory bowel disease in Japan (J-COSMOS). J Gastroenterol 2022; 57:174-184. [PMID: 35089397 PMCID: PMC8795939 DOI: 10.1007/s00535-022-01851-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2021] [Accepted: 01/10/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The spread of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) had a major impact on the health of people worldwide. The clinical background and clinical course of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) among Japanese patients with COVID-19 remains unclear. METHODS This study is an observational cohort of Japanese IBD patients diagnosed with COVID-19. Data on age, sex, IBD (classification, treatment, and activity), COVID-19 symptoms and severity, and treatment of COVID-19 were analyzed. RESULTS From 72 participating facilities in Japan, 187 patients were registered from June 2020 to October 2021. The estimated incidence of COVID19 in Japanese IBD patients was 0.61%. The majority of IBD patients with COVID-19 (73%) were in clinical remission. According to the WHO classification regarding COVID-19 severity, 93% (172/184) of IBD patients had non-severe episodes, while 7% (12/184) were severe cases including serious conditions. 90.9% (165/187) of IBD patients with COVID-19 had no change in IBD disease activity. A logistic regression analysis stepwise method revealed that older age, higher body mass index (BMI), and steroid use were independent risk factors for COVID-19 severity. Six of nine patients who had COVID-19 after vaccination were receiving anti-tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α antibodies. CONCLUSION Age, BMI and steroid use were associated with COVID-19 severity in Japanese IBD patients.
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Ben Moftah M, Eswayah A. Repurposing of Hydroxyurea Against COVID-19: A Promising Immunomodulatory Role. Assay Drug Dev Technol 2022; 20:55-62. [PMID: 34990284 DOI: 10.1089/adt.2021.090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Cytokine release syndrome, a prominent mechanism of morbidity and mortality in patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), can cause multiple bodily reactions, including excessive release of proinflammatory mediators, with tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) being the most prevalent cytokine combined with persistently elevated D-dimer levels that are indicative of potential thrombotic events, low levels of endogenous nitric oxide (NO) generation, and progressive decrease in hemoglobin production. In our argument, the conceptual repurposing of hydroxyurea (HU) for managing COVID-19 can provide a promising therapeutic option originating from a rich history of investigational antiviral activity. HU as a proposed supportive therapeutic agent for treating COVID-19 can exemplify a successful remedial choice through its anti-inflammatory activity along with an intrinsic propensity to control the circulatory levels of key cytokines including TNF-α. HU has the ability to undergo in vivo NO conversion acting as NO donor together with being a prominent inducer of fetal hemoglobin (HbF) production. The combination of the mentioned two properties allows HU to possess evident capability of protecting against thrombotic events by controlling D-dimer levels. The implication of our hypothetical argument sheds light on the curative potential of HU, which can be strategically harnessed against COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Moayed Ben Moftah
- Department of Medicinal and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Tripoli, Tripoli, Libya
| | - Asma Eswayah
- Department of Medicinal and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Tripoli, Tripoli, Libya
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Pezoulas VC, Kourou KD, Papaloukas C, Triantafyllia V, Lampropoulou V, Siouti E, Papadaki M, Salagianni M, Koukaki E, Rovina N, Koutsoukou A, Andreakos E, Fotiadis DI. A Multimodal Approach for the Risk Prediction of Intensive Care and Mortality in Patients with COVID-19. Diagnostics (Basel) 2021; 12:56. [PMID: 35054223 PMCID: PMC8774804 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics12010056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2021] [Revised: 12/22/2021] [Accepted: 12/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although several studies have been launched towards the prediction of risk factors for mortality and admission in the intensive care unit (ICU) in COVID-19, none of them focuses on the development of explainable AI models to define an ICU scoring index using dynamically associated biological markers. METHODS We propose a multimodal approach which combines explainable AI models with dynamic modeling methods to shed light into the clinical features of COVID-19. Dynamic Bayesian networks were used to seek associations among cytokines across four time intervals after hospitalization. Explainable gradient boosting trees were trained to predict the risk for ICU admission and mortality towards the development of an ICU scoring index. RESULTS Our results highlight LDH, IL-6, IL-8, Cr, number of monocytes, lymphocyte count, TNF as risk predictors for ICU admission and survival along with LDH, age, CRP, Cr, WBC, lymphocyte count for mortality in the ICU, with prediction accuracy 0.79 and 0.81, respectively. These risk factors were combined with dynamically associated biological markers to develop an ICU scoring index with accuracy 0.9. CONCLUSIONS to our knowledge, this is the first multimodal and explainable AI model which quantifies the risk of intensive care with accuracy up to 0.9 across multiple timepoints.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vasileios C. Pezoulas
- Unit of Medical Technology and Intelligent Information Systems, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Ioannina, GR45110 Ioannina, Greece; (V.C.P.); (K.D.K.); (C.P.)
| | - Konstantina D. Kourou
- Unit of Medical Technology and Intelligent Information Systems, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Ioannina, GR45110 Ioannina, Greece; (V.C.P.); (K.D.K.); (C.P.)
| | - Costas Papaloukas
- Unit of Medical Technology and Intelligent Information Systems, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Ioannina, GR45110 Ioannina, Greece; (V.C.P.); (K.D.K.); (C.P.)
- Department of Biological Applications and Technology, University of Ioannina, GR45100 Ioannina, Greece
| | - Vassiliki Triantafyllia
- Laboratory of Immunobiology, Center for Clinical, Experimental Surgery and Translational Research, Biomedical Research Foundation of the Academy of Athens, GR11527 Athens, Greece; (V.T.); (V.L.); (E.S.); (M.P.); (M.S.); (E.A.)
| | - Vicky Lampropoulou
- Laboratory of Immunobiology, Center for Clinical, Experimental Surgery and Translational Research, Biomedical Research Foundation of the Academy of Athens, GR11527 Athens, Greece; (V.T.); (V.L.); (E.S.); (M.P.); (M.S.); (E.A.)
| | - Eleni Siouti
- Laboratory of Immunobiology, Center for Clinical, Experimental Surgery and Translational Research, Biomedical Research Foundation of the Academy of Athens, GR11527 Athens, Greece; (V.T.); (V.L.); (E.S.); (M.P.); (M.S.); (E.A.)
| | - Maria Papadaki
- Laboratory of Immunobiology, Center for Clinical, Experimental Surgery and Translational Research, Biomedical Research Foundation of the Academy of Athens, GR11527 Athens, Greece; (V.T.); (V.L.); (E.S.); (M.P.); (M.S.); (E.A.)
| | - Maria Salagianni
- Laboratory of Immunobiology, Center for Clinical, Experimental Surgery and Translational Research, Biomedical Research Foundation of the Academy of Athens, GR11527 Athens, Greece; (V.T.); (V.L.); (E.S.); (M.P.); (M.S.); (E.A.)
| | - Evangelia Koukaki
- Intensive Care Unit (ICU), 1st Department of Respiratory Medicine, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, ‘Sotiria’ General Hospital of Chest Diseases, GR11527 Athens, Greece; (E.K.); (N.R.); (A.K.)
| | - Nikoletta Rovina
- Intensive Care Unit (ICU), 1st Department of Respiratory Medicine, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, ‘Sotiria’ General Hospital of Chest Diseases, GR11527 Athens, Greece; (E.K.); (N.R.); (A.K.)
| | - Antonia Koutsoukou
- Intensive Care Unit (ICU), 1st Department of Respiratory Medicine, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, ‘Sotiria’ General Hospital of Chest Diseases, GR11527 Athens, Greece; (E.K.); (N.R.); (A.K.)
| | - Evangelos Andreakos
- Laboratory of Immunobiology, Center for Clinical, Experimental Surgery and Translational Research, Biomedical Research Foundation of the Academy of Athens, GR11527 Athens, Greece; (V.T.); (V.L.); (E.S.); (M.P.); (M.S.); (E.A.)
| | - Dimitrios I. Fotiadis
- Unit of Medical Technology and Intelligent Information Systems, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Ioannina, GR45110 Ioannina, Greece; (V.C.P.); (K.D.K.); (C.P.)
- Department of Biomedical Research, Foundation for Research and Technology-Hellas, Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology (FORTH-IMBB), GR45110 Ioannina, Greece
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Roy K, Agarwal S, Banerjee R, Paul MK, Purbey PK. COVID-19 and gut immunomodulation. World J Gastroenterol 2021; 27:7925-7942. [PMID: 35046621 PMCID: PMC8678818 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v27.i46.7925] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2021] [Revised: 06/09/2021] [Accepted: 11/29/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The disease coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a severe respiratory illness that has emerged as a devastating health problem worldwide. The disease outcome is heterogeneous, and severity is likely dependent on the immunity of infected individuals and comorbidities. Although symptoms of the disease are primarily associated with respiratory problems, additional infection or failure of other vital organs are being reported. Emerging reports suggest a quite common co-existence of gastrointestinal (GI) tract symptoms in addition to respiratory symptoms in many COVID-19 patients, and some patients show just the GI symptoms. The possible cause of the GI symptoms could be due to direct infection of the epithelial cells of the gut, which is supported by the fact that (1) The intestinal epithelium expresses a high level of angiotensin-converting enzyme-2 and transmembrane protease serine 2 protein that are required for the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) entry into the cells; (2) About half of the severe COVID-19 patients show viral RNA in their feces and various parts of the GI tract; and (3) SARS-CoV-2 can directly infect gut epithelial cells in vitro (gut epithelial cells and organoids) and in vivo (rhesus monkey). The GI tract seems to be a site of active innate and adaptive immune responses to SARS-CoV-2 as clinically, stool samples of COVID-19 patients possess proinflammatory cytokines (interleukin 8), calprotectin (neutrophils activity), and immunoglobulin A antibodies. In addition to direct immune activation by the virus, impairment of GI epithelium integrity can evoke immune response under the influence of systemic cytokines, hypoxia, and changes in gut microbiota (dysbiosis) due to infection of the respiratory system, which is confirmed by the observation that not all of the GI symptomatic patients are viral RNA positive. This review comprehensively summarizes the possible GI immunomodulation by SARS-CoV-2 that could lead to GI symptoms, their association with disease severity, and potential therapeutic interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Koushik Roy
- Microbiology and Immunology, Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, United States
| | - Sidra Agarwal
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shadan Institute of Medical Sciences, Peeramcheru 500086, Telangana, India
| | - Rajib Banerjee
- Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, Dr. B. C. Roy Engineering College, Durgapur 713206, West Bengal, India
| | - Manash K Paul
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, United States
| | - Prabhat K Purbey
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Molecular Genetics, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, United States
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Chia WY, Kok H, Chew KW, Low SS, Show PL. Can algae contribute to the war with Covid-19? Bioengineered 2021; 12:1226-1237. [PMID: 33858291 PMCID: PMC8806238 DOI: 10.1080/21655979.2021.1910432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2021] [Revised: 03/25/2021] [Accepted: 03/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The world at large is facing a new threat with the emergence of the Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. Though imperceptible by the naked eye, the medical, sociological and economical implications caused by this newly discovered virus have been and will continue to be a great impediment to our lives. This health threat has already caused over two million deaths worldwide in the span of a year and its mortality rate is projected to continue rising. In this review, the potential of algae in combating the spread of COVID-19 is investigated since algal compounds have been tested against viruses and algal anti-inflammatory compounds have the potential to treat the severe symptoms of COVID-19. The possible utilization of algae in producing value-added products such as serological test kits, vaccines, and supplements that would either mitigate or hinder the continued health risks caused by the virus is prominent. Many of the characteristics in algae can provide insights on the development of microalgae to fight against SARS-CoV-2 or other viruses and contribute in manufacturing various green and high-value products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen Yi Chia
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Science and Engineering, University of Nottingham Malaysia, Semenyih, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia
| | - Hanz Kok
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Science and Engineering, University of Nottingham Malaysia, Semenyih, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia
| | - Kit Wayne Chew
- School of Energy and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University Malaysia, Sepang, Selangor, Malaysia
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, China
| | - Sze Shin Low
- Biosensor National Special Laboratory, Key Laboratory for Biomedical Engineering of Education Ministry, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, PR China
| | - Pau Loke Show
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Science and Engineering, University of Nottingham Malaysia, Semenyih, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia
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Axial spondyloarthritis may protect against poor outcomes in COVID-19: propensity score matched analysis of 9766 patients from a nationwide multi-centric research network. Clin Rheumatol 2021; 41:721-730. [PMID: 34837569 PMCID: PMC8626282 DOI: 10.1007/s10067-021-05979-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2021] [Revised: 09/12/2021] [Accepted: 10/31/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Introduction The outcomes of COVID-19 in patients with axial spondyloarthritis (ax-SpA) have not been explored in detail. Tumour necrosis factor inhibitors (TNFi) are commonly used for ax-SpA patients, and how they influence outcomes may have implications on COVID-19 management. Methods A nationwide multi-centric research network was queried for patients with ax-SpA, including ankylosing spondylitis (AS) and non-radiographic SpA (nr-SpA) who had developed COVID-19. An equal number of propensity score(PS) matched controls were extracted from the database amongst patients with COVID-19 who did not have any inflammatory arthritis. Outcomes included mortality and others including hospitalization, intensive care unit, ventilation, acute kidney injury (AKI), renal replacement therapy, acute respiratory distress syndrome, cerebral infarction, venous thromboembolism (VTE), and sepsis. Results We identified 9766 patients with ax-SpA (924 AS and 8842 nr-SpA) and 691,862 without SpA who had COVID-19. In the unmatched comparison, patients with ax-SpA had higher risk ratios (RR) for all outcomes. After matching for demographics and comorbidities, patients with ax-SpA had lower RR for mortality [RR: 0.707 (95% CI: 0.598–0.836), p < 0.0001], severe COVID-19 [RR: 0.791 (0.69–0.906), p = 0.0007], hospitalization [RR: 0.872 (0.826–0.921), p < 0.0001], and AKI [RR: 0.902 (0.816–0.997), p = 0.044]. Only the risk of VTE was higher in ax-SpA patients [RR: 1.219 (1.037–1.433), p = 0.016]. Amongst the ax-SpA group, males had worse outcomes in 9 out of the 11 domains except for VTE and cerebral infarction, while blacks had worse outcomes in all except for mortality and the need for renal replacement therapy. AS had similar risk ratios for all outcomes compared with nr-SpA except hospitalization [RR: 1.457 (1.03–2.06), p = 0.0318]. There was no difference in outcomes in patients who had received TNFi in the year previous to COVID-19 infection. Ax-SpA patients who had been prescribed non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs in the 3 months prior to COVID-19 had poorer outcomes. Conclusion In conclusion, COVID-19 outcomes were better in patients with ax-SpA as compared with PS matched controls except for increased risk for VTE. The use of TNFi is not associated with better or worse outcomes. These apparently protective effects observed need to be validated and explored further. Key Points • Patients with axial spondyloarthritis have lower mortality and morbidity during COVID-19 infections as compared with propensity score matched controls. • Axial spondyloarthritis is associated with higher risks for venous thromboembolism during COVID-19. • There is no difference in outcomes between ankylosing spondylitis and non-radiographic spondyloarthritis except in rates of hospitalization, which were higher in ankylosing spondylitis. • Use of tumour necrosis factor inhibitors did not influence COVID-19 outcomes. |
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Letter #1 Response to letter to Editor by Dr. Sarkar et al. for' who said differentiating preeclampsia from COVID-19 infection was easy? Refers to PII: S2210-7789(21)00539-0 Letter #2 Response to letter to Editor by Dr. Hantoushzadeh et al. for' is COVID-19 disease a risk factor for preeclampsia? Should aspirin be considered for prophylaxis of preeclampsia in these patients?' Refers to PII: S2210-7789(21)00538-9. Pregnancy Hypertens 2021; 27:94-95. [PMID: 34973599 PMCID: PMC8716314 DOI: 10.1016/j.preghy.2021.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2021] [Accepted: 11/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Veenith T, Fisher BA, Slade D, Rowe A, Sharpe R, Thickett DR, Whitehouse T, Rowland M, Scriven J, Parekh D, Bowden SJ, Savage JS, Richards D, Bion J, Kearns P, Gates S. CATALYST trial protocol: a multicentre, open-label, phase II, multiarm trial for an early and accelerated evaluation of the potential treatments for COVID-19 in hospitalised adults. BMJ Open 2021; 11:e050202. [PMID: 34764169 PMCID: PMC8587583 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2021-050202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Severe SARS-CoV-2 infection is associated with a dysregulated immune response. Inflammatory monocytes and macrophages are crucial, promoting injurious, proinflammatory sequelae. Immunomodulation is, therefore, an attractive therapeutic strategy and we sought to test licensed and novel candidate drugs. METHODS AND ANALYSIS The CATALYST trial is a multiarm, open-label, multicentre, phase II platform trial designed to identify candidate novel treatments to improve outcomes of patients hospitalised with COVID-19 compared with usual care. Treatments with evidence of biomarker improvements will be put forward for larger-scale testing by current national phase III platform trials. Hospitalised patients >16 years with a clinical picture strongly suggestive of SARS-CoV-2 pneumonia (confirmed by chest X-ray or CT scan, with or without a positive reverse transcription PCR assay) and a C reactive protein (CRP) ≥40 mg/L are eligible. The primary outcome measure is CRP, measured serially from admission to day 14, hospital discharge or death. Secondary outcomes include the WHO Clinical Progression Improvement Scale as a principal efficacy assessment. ETHICS AND DISSEMINATION The protocol was approved by the East Midlands-Nottingham 2 Research Ethics Committee (20/EM/0115) and given urgent public health status; initial approval was received on 5 May 2020, current protocol version (V.6.0) approval on 12 October 2020. The MHRA also approved all protocol versions. The results of this trial will be disseminated through national and international presentations and peer-reviewed publications. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBERS EudraCT2020-001684-89, ISRCTN40580903.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tonny Veenith
- Birmingham Acute Care Research Group, Institute of Inflammation and Ageing, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham, UK
| | - Benjamin A Fisher
- Cancer Research UK Clinical Trials Unit, Institute of Cancer and Genomic Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
- Rheumatology Research Group, Institute of Inflammation and Ageing, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
- Department of Rheumatology, University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham, UK
- National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Birmingham Biomedical Research Centre, University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham, UK
| | - Daniel Slade
- Cancer Research UK Clinical Trials Unit, Institute of Cancer and Genomic Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Anna Rowe
- Cancer Research UK Clinical Trials Unit, Institute of Cancer and Genomic Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
- National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Birmingham Biomedical Research Centre, University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham, UK
| | - Rowena Sharpe
- Cancer Research UK Clinical Trials Unit, Institute of Cancer and Genomic Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - David R Thickett
- Birmingham Acute Care Research Group, Institute of Inflammation and Ageing, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham, UK
| | - Tony Whitehouse
- Birmingham Acute Care Research Group, Institute of Inflammation and Ageing, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham, UK
| | - Matthew Rowland
- Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, John Radcliffe Hospital, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - James Scriven
- Department of Infectious Diseases, University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham, UK
| | - Dhruv Parekh
- Birmingham Acute Care Research Group, Institute of Inflammation and Ageing, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham, UK
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham, UK
| | - Sarah J Bowden
- Cancer Research UK Clinical Trials Unit, Institute of Cancer and Genomic Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Joshua S Savage
- Cancer Research UK Clinical Trials Unit, Institute of Cancer and Genomic Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Duncan Richards
- Oxford Clinical Trials Research Unit, Botnar Research Centre, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Julian Bion
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham, UK
| | - Pamela Kearns
- Cancer Research UK Clinical Trials Unit, Institute of Cancer and Genomic Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
- National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Birmingham Biomedical Research Centre, University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham, UK
| | - Simon Gates
- Cancer Research UK Clinical Trials Unit, Institute of Cancer and Genomic Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
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