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Barham R, Tayyem R, Al-Majali L, Al-Khatib B, Al Jawaldeh A. Evaluation of micronutrient and nutritional status among preschool children in Jordan: results from a Nationwide survey. Front Nutr 2024; 11:1423904. [PMID: 39114127 PMCID: PMC11303315 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2024.1423904] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2024] [Accepted: 07/10/2024] [Indexed: 08/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Jordan faces various malnutrition challenges, including undernutrition, micronutrient deficiencies, overweight, obesity, and diet-related non-communicable diseases. The country has shifted from issues of undernutrition to rising rates of overweight and obesity, while still dealing with micronutrient deficiencies. The 2010 national survey revealed high rates of iron and vitamin D deficiencies among preschool children, with about 20% experiencing vitamin A deficiencies. The goals of the 2019 Jordan National Micronutrient & Nutrition Survey (JNMNS) include assessing feeding practices of infants and young children, determining the frequency of consuming micronutrient-rich foods, evaluating causes of anemia, assessing the health status of specific subgroups, and comparing findings to the 2010 survey. Methods JNMNS 2019 was a comprehensive national cross-sectional survey structured across four strata. Within each stratum, 40 primary sampling units were chosen in proportion to their size based on the 2015 Jordan census. Subsequently, the Department of Statistics conducted household listings in each PSU. Separate response rates were assumed for households and target groups, encompassing interviews, anthropometric measurements, and specimen collection. The survey aimed to collect data from 2,210 households, including interviews and anthropometry for 1,232 preschool children, with blood samples obtained from 992 of them. Results The findings revealed no severe anemia cases, but 11% of preschoolers aged 12-59 months were anemic. Iron deficiency affected 22.4%, with 5% having iron deficiency anemia. Vitamin D deficiency increased to 22.9% in 2019. Stunting and wasting rates improved slightly to 6.3 and 0.1%, respectively. Overweight and obesity rates remained stable at 6.2 and 2.1%. Anemia decreased by 5-6%, but iron deficiency rose by 7%. Vitamin A deficiency decreased, but iron deficiency anemia remained largely unchanged. Undernutrition was rare, but vitamin D deficiency affected 27.7% of preschoolers, impacting growth and immunity. Iron deficiency, affecting 25% of children, poses a risk to cognitive development. Overweight or obesity affected 9% of children, a medium public health issue according to the WHO. While malnutrition rates are low, the persistent issues of vitamin D deficiency, iron deficiency, and childhood obesity require focused attention. Conclusion The study highlights ongoing nutritional challenges among Jordanian preschoolers. Although severe anemia was rare, 11% were anemic, and 22.4% had iron deficiency, including 5% with iron deficiency anemia. Vitamin D deficiency affected 22.9%, impacting growth and immunity. While stunting and wasting improved, childhood overweight and obesity rates remained steady. Anemia decreased, but iron deficiency rose by 7%. Despite reduced vitamin A deficiency, stable iron deficiency anemia rates indicate ongoing concerns. Overall, undernutrition is uncommon, but vitamin D and iron deficiencies, along with childhood obesity, need sustained attention and targeted interventions to improve children's health in Jordan.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Reema Tayyem
- Department of Human Nutrition, College of Health Sciences, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar
| | | | - Buthayna Al-Khatib
- UNICEF, United Nations International Children’s Emergency Fund, Amman, Jordan
| | - Ayoub Al Jawaldeh
- Regional Office for the Eastern Mediterranean, World Health Organization, Cairo, Egypt
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Schoofs H, Schmit J, Rink L. Zinc Toxicity: Understanding the Limits. Molecules 2024; 29:3130. [PMID: 38999082 PMCID: PMC11243279 DOI: 10.3390/molecules29133130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2024] [Revised: 06/24/2024] [Accepted: 06/27/2024] [Indexed: 07/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Zinc, a vital trace element, holds significant importance in numerous physiological processes within the body. It participates in over 300 enzymatic reactions, metabolic functions, regulation of gene expression, apoptosis and immune modulation, thereby demonstrating its essential role in maintaining overall health and well-being. While zinc deficiency is associated with significant health risks, an excess of this trace element can also lead to harmful effects. According to the World Health Organization (WHO), 6.7 to 15 mg per day are referred to be the dietary reference value. An excess of the recommended daily intake may result in symptoms such as anemia, neutropenia and zinc-induced copper deficiency. The European Food Safety Authority (EFSA) defines the tolerable upper intake level (UL) as 25 mg per day, whereas the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) allows 40 mg per day. This review will summarize the current knowledge regarding the calculation of UL and other health risks associated with zinc. For example, zinc intake is not limited to oral consumption; other routes, such as inhalation or topical application, may also pose risks of zinc intoxication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hannah Schoofs
- Institute of Immunology, Medical Faculty, RWTH Aachen University, Pauwelstrasse 30, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Joyce Schmit
- Institute of Immunology, Medical Faculty, RWTH Aachen University, Pauwelstrasse 30, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Lothar Rink
- Institute of Immunology, Medical Faculty, RWTH Aachen University, Pauwelstrasse 30, 52074 Aachen, Germany
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3
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Zheng H, Tian S, Wu L, Zhong X, Liu M, Yu X, Xie Y, Wu W. Dietary zinc intake in relation to migraine among adults: a cross sectional study of NHANES 1999-2004. Nutr Neurosci 2024; 27:667-676. [PMID: 37540169 DOI: 10.1080/1028415x.2023.2243678] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Previous studies have revealed that an antioxidant diet is a protective factor against migraine. However, the association between zinc, an important antioxidant obtained from the diet, and migraine has received little attention. The purpose of this study was to explore the association between zinc intake with migraine. METHODS The present study used cross-sectional data from individuals who participated in the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) between 1999 and 2004. Logistic regression models and restricted cubic spline models were performed to explore the association between zinc intake and migraine. RESULTS A total of 9849 adults aged 20 years or older were included in this study. Zinc intake was negatively associated with migraine. Compared to participants in the lowest group of dietary zinc intake Q1 (≤5.93 mg/day), the adjusted ORs for migraine in Q2 (5.94-8.38 mg/day), Q3 (8.39-11.26 mg/day), Q4 (11.27-15.75 mg/day), and Q5 (≥15.76 mg/day) were 0.73 (95% CI: 0.60-0.89, p = 0.004), 0.72 (95% CI: 0.55-0.95, p = 0.02), 0.76 (95% CI: 0.58-0.99, p = 0.04) and 0.73 (95% CI: 0.50-1.05, p = 0.08), respectively. Our findings also suggested an interaction between zinc intake and age (P for interaction = 0.007). Additionally, the relationship between zinc intake and migraine in adults with 20-50 years was non-linear. CONCLUSIONS A higher zinc intake is significantly associated with a decreased prevalence of migraine, and age can modify the association between them.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heqing Zheng
- Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, People's Republic of China
| | - Sheng Tian
- Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, People's Republic of China
| | - Lanxiang Wu
- Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, People's Republic of China
| | - Xianhui Zhong
- Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, People's Republic of China
| | - Mingxu Liu
- Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, People's Republic of China
| | - Xinping Yu
- Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, People's Republic of China
| | - Yonggang Xie
- Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei Wu
- Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, People's Republic of China
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Feng Y, Zhu S, Yang Y, Li S, Zhao Z, Wu H. Caseinophosphopeptides Overcome Calcium Phytate Inhibition on Zinc Bioavailability by Retaining Zinc from Coprecipitation as Zinc/Calcium Phytate Nanocomplexes. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2024; 72:4757-4764. [PMID: 38380599 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.3c07495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/22/2024]
Abstract
Caseinophosphopeptides have shown great potential to increase zinc bioavailability from phytate-rich diets, but the mechanism of action remains unclear. Here, caseinophosphopeptides from a sodium caseinate hydrolysate dose-dependently retained zinc in solution against calcium phytate coprecipitation under physiologically relevant conditions. The 3 kDa ultrafiltration separation unveiled no added low-molecular-weight chelates of zinc and calcium by caseinophosphopeptides. Tyndall effect, dynamic light scattering measurements, transmission electron microscopy observation, electron diffraction pattern, X-ray diffraction spectrum, and energy-dispersive X-ray analysis demonstrated the caseinophosphopeptides-mediated formation of single-crystal zinc/calcium phytate nanocomplexes (Zn/CaPA-NCs) with a size and ζ-potential of 10-30 nm and -25 mV, respectively. Caseinophosphopeptides-stabilized Zn/CaPA-NCs were found to deliver bioavailable nanoparticulate zinc in mouse jejunal loop ex vivo model and polarized Caco-2 cells, and the treatments with specific inhibitors revealed that intestinal zinc absorption from Zn/CaPA-NCs invoked macropinocytosis, lysosomal release into the cytosol, and transcytosis. Overall, our study proposes a new paradigm for the benefit of caseinophosphopeptides for zinc bioaccessibility and bioavailability in phytate-rich diets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yinong Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Food Processing & Safety Control, College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, 5 Yushan Road, Qingdao, Shandong Province 266003, China
| | - Suqin Zhu
- Institute of Nutrition and Health, School of Public Health, Qingdao University, 308 Ningxia Road, Qingdao, Shandong Province 266021, China
| | - Yisheng Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Food Processing & Safety Control, College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, 5 Yushan Road, Qingdao, Shandong Province 266003, China
| | - Shiyang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Food Processing & Safety Control, College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, 5 Yushan Road, Qingdao, Shandong Province 266003, China
| | - Zifang Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Food Processing & Safety Control, College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, 5 Yushan Road, Qingdao, Shandong Province 266003, China
- Hainan/Haikou Research & Development Center for Biopeptide Engineering, Huayan Collagen Technology Co., Ltd., Haikou 571000, China
| | - Haohao Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Food Processing & Safety Control, College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, 5 Yushan Road, Qingdao, Shandong Province 266003, China
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Zhou J, Guo W, Hu Z, Jin L, Hu S. Elemental Imaging of Fertilized ZnO NP Wheat Endosperms Using Laser Ablation-Inductively Coupled Plasma Optical Emission Spectrometry. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2023; 71:19856-19865. [PMID: 38019292 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.3c04710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2023]
Abstract
Zinc (Zn) is an essential trace element in the human body, and its deficiency can seriously affect health. Agronomic Zn biofortification with ZnO nanoparticles (ZnO NPs) in consumable wheat prospectively relieves Zn deficiency. We developed an elemental quantitative imaging laser ablation-inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry method to examine the distributions of Zn and other micronutrient elements in wheat grain and the endosperm. After foliar application of ZnO NPs (four rounds), Zn content in the endosperm can be significantly increased (221 ± 61%), and the Zn, Ca, Mg, and P content gradient decreased from the outside seed coat and aleurone layer to the endosperm, whereas the Fe, Mn, K, Cu, Sr, and Ba content gradient decreased from the crease region to the deeper endosperm. This may indicate how different elements enter the endosperm. Foliar application of ZnO NPs did not change the micronutrient accumulation pattern but did change their contents in wheat grain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianzong Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Biogeology and Environmental Geology, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430074, PR China
| | - Wei Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Biogeology and Environmental Geology, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430074, PR China
| | - Zhaochu Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Geological Processes and Mineral Resources, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430074, PR China
| | - Lanlan Jin
- State Key Laboratory of Biogeology and Environmental Geology, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430074, PR China
| | - Shenghong Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Biogeology and Environmental Geology, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430074, PR China
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Strand TA, Mathisen M. Zinc - a scoping review for Nordic Nutrition Recommendations 2023. Food Nutr Res 2023; 67:10368. [PMID: 38084158 PMCID: PMC10710869 DOI: 10.29219/fnr.v67.10368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2022] [Revised: 07/15/2022] [Accepted: 11/10/2023] [Indexed: 09/11/2024] Open
Abstract
Zinc is essential for several biological processes including those critical for the immune system, DNA synthesis, cell division, and growth. Zinc is involved in the pathophysiology of chronic diseases and protects proteins and lipids from oxidative damage. Inadequate zinc intake and low plasma zinc concentration are associated to an increased risk of chronic diseases such as cardiovascular diseases and type 2 diabetes; however, the evidence is limited. Zinc deficiency increases the risk of infections and poor growth and may contribute to the high burden of infectious diseases and stunting in children living in low- and middle-income countries. The risk of zinc deficiency in the populations of the Nordic and Baltic countries is low.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tor A. Strand
- Department of Global Public Health and Primary Care, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
- Innlandet Hospital Trust, Lillehammer, Norway
| | - Maria Mathisen
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Drammen Hospital, Drammen, Norway
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Knez M, Stangoulis JCR. Dietary Zn deficiency, the current situation and potential solutions. Nutr Res Rev 2023; 36:199-215. [PMID: 37062532 DOI: 10.1017/s0954422421000342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Zinc (Zn) deficiency is a worldwide problem, and this review presents an overview of the magnitude of Zn deficiency with a particular emphasis on present global challenges, current recommendations for Zn intake, and factors that affect dietary requirements. The challenges of monitoring Zn status are clarified together with the discussion of relevant Zn bioaccessibility and bioavailability issues. Modern lifestyle factors that may exacerbate Zn deficiency and new strategies of reducing its effects are presented. Biofortification, as a potentially useful strategy for improving Zn status in sensitive populations, is discussed. The review proposes potential actions that could deliver promising results both in terms of monitoring dietary and physiological Zn status as well as in alleviating dietary Zn deficiency in affected populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marija Knez
- College of Science and Engineering, Flinders University, GPO Box 2100, AdelaideSA5001, Australia
- Center of Research Excellence in Nutrition and Metabolism, University of Belgrade, Institute for Medical Research, National Institute of the Republic of Serbia, 11000Belgrade, Serbia
| | - James C R Stangoulis
- College of Science and Engineering, Flinders University, GPO Box 2100, AdelaideSA5001, Australia
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8
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Hashemian M, Poustchi H, Sharafkhah M, Pourshams A, Mohammadi-Nasrabadi F, Hekmatdoost A, Malekzadeh R. Iron, Copper, and Magnesium Concentration in Hair and Risk of Esophageal Cancer: A Nested Case-Control Study. ARCHIVES OF IRANIAN MEDICINE 2023; 26:665-670. [PMID: 38431946 PMCID: PMC10915918 DOI: 10.34172/aim.2023.98] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2023] [Accepted: 10/14/2023] [Indexed: 03/05/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND An association has already been hypothesized between iron, copper, and magnesium status assessed through food frequency questionnaires (FFQs) and the risk of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC). However, self-reported dietary assessment methods are prone to measurement errors. We studied the association between iron, copper, and magnesium status and ESCC risk, using hair samples as a long exposure biomarker. METHODS We designed a nested case-control study within the Golestan Cohort Study, that recruited about 50000 participants in 2004-2008, and collected biospecimens at baseline. We identified 96 incident cases of ESCC with available hair samples. They were age-matched with cancer-free controls from the cohort. We used inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) to measure iron, copper, and magnesium concentrations in hair samples. We used multiple logistic regression models to determine odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals. RESULTS Median concentrations of iron, copper, and magnesium were 35.4, 19.3, and 41.7 ppm in cases and 25.8, 18.3, and 50.0 ppm in controls, respectively. Iron was significantly associated with the risk of ESCC in continuous analysis (OR=1.41, 95% CI=1.03-1.92), but not in the tertiles analyses (ORT3 vs. T1=1.81, 95% CI=0.77-4.28). No associations were observed between copper and magnesium and ESCC risk, in either the tertiles models or the continuous estimate (copper: ORT3 vs. T1=2.56, 95% CI=1.00-6.54; magnesium: ORT3 vs. T1=0.75, 95% CI=0.32-1.78). CONCLUSION Higher iron status may be related to a higher risk of ESCC in this population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maryam Hashemian
- Digestive Oncology Research Center, Digestive Diseases Research Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Biology Department, School of Arts and Sciences, Utica University, Utica, NY, USA
| | - Hossein Poustchi
- Liver and Pancreatobiliary Diseases Research Center, Digestive Diseases Research Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Maryam Sharafkhah
- Liver and Pancreatobiliary Diseases Research Center, Digestive Diseases Research Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Akram Pourshams
- Liver and Pancreatobiliary Diseases Research Center, Digestive Diseases Research Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Mohammadi-Nasrabadi
- Food and Nutrition Policy and Planning Research Department, National Nutrition and Food Technology Research Institute (NNFTRI), Faculty of Nutrition and Food Technology, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Azita Hekmatdoost
- Departments of Clinical Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Nutrition and Food Technology, National Nutrition and Food Technology Research Institute, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Reza Malekzadeh
- Liver and Pancreatobiliary Diseases Research Center, Digestive Diseases Research Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Hess SY, Wessells KR, Haile D, Rogers LM, Tan X, Barros JG, Bourassa MW, Gorstein J, Brown KH. Comparison of Published Estimates of the National Prevalence of Iron, Vitamin A, and Zinc Deficiency and Sources of Inconsistencies. Adv Nutr 2023; 14:1466-1478. [PMID: 37634853 PMCID: PMC10721533 DOI: 10.1016/j.advnut.2023.08.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2023] [Revised: 07/21/2023] [Accepted: 08/18/2023] [Indexed: 08/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Micronutrient deficiencies result in a broad range of adverse health and functional consequences, but the true prevalence of specific deficiencies remains uncertain because limited information is available from nationally representative surveys using recommended biomarkers. The present review compares various reported national deficiency prevalence estimates for nutrients and years where the estimates overlap for individual countries that conducted nationally representative surveys and explores possible reasons for any discrepancies discovered. Nationally representative micronutrient status surveys that were conducted since 2000 among preschool-aged children or women of reproductive age and included assessment of iron, vitamin A, or zinc status based on recognized biomarkers were considered eligible for inclusion, along with any modeled deficiency prevalence estimates for these same countries and years. There was considerable variation across different published prevalence estimates, with larger inconsistencies when the prevalence estimate was based on proxies, such as hemoglobin for iron deficiency and dietary zinc availability for zinc deficiency. Numerous additional methodological issues affected the prevalence estimates, such as which biomarker and what cutoff was used to define deficiency, whether the biomarker was adjusted for inflammation, and what adjustment method was used. For some country-years, the various approaches resulted in fairly consistent prevalence estimates. For other country-years, however, the results differed markedly and changed the conclusions regarding the existence and severity of the micronutrient deficiency as a public health concern. In conclusion, to determine micronutrient status, we consider the assessment of one of the recommended biomarkers in a population representative survey as the best available information. If indicated, results should be adjusted for inflammation and generally acceptable cutoffs should be applied to facilitate comparisons, although individual countries may also apply nationally defined cutoffs to determine when and where to intervene. Global consensus is needed on best practices for presenting survey results and defining the prevalence of deficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonja Y Hess
- Institute for Global Nutrition and Department of Nutrition, University of California Davis, Davis, CA, United States; Micronutrient Forum, Washington, DC, United States.
| | - K Ryan Wessells
- Institute for Global Nutrition and Department of Nutrition, University of California Davis, Davis, CA, United States
| | - Demewoz Haile
- Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States
| | | | - Xiuping Tan
- Institute for Global Nutrition and Department of Nutrition, University of California Davis, Davis, CA, United States
| | - Jonathan G Barros
- Institute for Global Nutrition and Department of Nutrition, University of California Davis, Davis, CA, United States
| | | | | | - Kenneth H Brown
- Institute for Global Nutrition and Department of Nutrition, University of California Davis, Davis, CA, United States
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Lalosevic J, Gajic-Veljic M, Lalosevic Misovic J, Nikolic M. Serum Zinc Concentration in Patients with Alopecia Areata. Acta Derm Venereol 2023; 103:adv13358. [PMID: 37787421 PMCID: PMC10561101 DOI: 10.2340/actadv.v103.13358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2023] [Accepted: 09/06/2023] [Indexed: 10/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Alopecia areata is an autoimmune non-scarring disease in which the exact mechanism that induces loss of immune privilege is unknown. Zinc is important for DNA stability and repair mechanisms that are essential in maintaining normal hair growth. Zinc deficiency has been investigated as an important factor in many autoimmune diseases, and may have a possible role in the aetiopathogenesis of alopecia areata. This study included 32 patients with severe forms of alopecia areata, and 32 age- and sex-matched healthy controls. When comparing serum zinc levels in these 2 groups, statistically significantly lower zinc concentrations were found in the alopecia areata group (p = 0.017). Detected zinc deficiency was statistically more prevalent in patients with alopecia areata (p = 0.011). Evaluating patients with alopecia areata, a statistically significant negative correlation between serum zinc levels and severity of the disease was found (ρ = 0.006). The results indicate that zinc serum assessment is necessary in patients with alopecia areata. Low serum zinc levels were found to correlate with severity of alopecia areata. Given that most severe forms of alopecia areata are frequently most treatment-resistant, additional randomized control trials examining zinc supplementation are necessary to investigate its potential role in the restoration of hair follicles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jovan Lalosevic
- Clinic of Dermatology and Venereology, University Clinical Center of Serbia, University of Belgrade School of Medicine.
| | - Mirjana Gajic-Veljic
- Clinic of Dermatology and Venereology, University Clinical Center of Serbia, University of Belgrade School of Medicine
| | | | - Milos Nikolic
- Clinic of Dermatology and Venereology, University Clinical Center of Serbia, University of Belgrade School of Medicine
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11
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Lin CS, Chan LY, Wang JH, Chang CH. Diagnosis and treatment of female alopecia: Focusing on the iron deficiency-related alopecia. Tzu Chi Med J 2023; 35:322-328. [PMID: 38035053 PMCID: PMC10683524 DOI: 10.4103/tcmj.tcmj_95_23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2023] [Revised: 05/19/2023] [Accepted: 07/14/2023] [Indexed: 12/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Objectives Alopecia is a soft but meaningful complaint affecting women's physical and psychological health. Female alopecia (FA) has diverse etiologies. Nonetheless, FA is stereotyped as female pattern hair loss, also known as female androgenetic alopecia, and has not been thoroughly investigated. This study aimed to identify the etiologies of FA at a tertiary medical center in Eastern Taiwan. Materials and Methods This retrospective study enrolled female patients with hair loss who visited the dermatology department of (blinded information). A complete history taking was obtained, including the onset and duration of alopecia, menstruation, gynecologic diseases, psychological stress, underlying diseases, vaccination, and dietary habits, etc., Blood tests were performed, including hemoglobin (Hb), ferritin, Zn, autoimmune and thyroid profiles, etc., Iron deficiency (ID) was defined as serum ferritin level <60 ng/mL. The hair condition, ferritin, and Hb levels were monitored every 3 months after supplementation. Results A total of 155 patients were recruited. The etiologies of FA were diverse; the top five etiologies were nutrient deficiencies (83.9%), autoimmune (14.8%) and thyroid (7.7%) diseases, psychological stress (12.3%), and coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) vaccination (6.5%). ID accounted for 70.3% of cases. The disease duration was an important prognostic factor for the improvement of serum ferritin. Patients with subjective improvement of hair regrowth also had more increase of ferritin levels after iron supplementation. The corresponding ferritin level for female anemia (Hb: 12.0 g/dL) was 5.1 ng/mL, lower than the adequate level for hair growth (40-60 ng/mL), the corresponding Hb level of which was 13.1-13.8 g/dL. Conclusion The causes of FA varied, including nutrient deficiencies, autoimmune diseases, psychological stress, thyroid diseases, and COVID-19 vaccination, etc., Therefore, a complete survey before treatment is essential. Seventy percentage of FA cases were ID-FA. We suggest to redefine the serum ferritin level ≥60 ng/mL, with the corresponding Hb ≥13.0 g/dL as the normal range for early diagnosis. Initiation of iron supplementation within 6 months would result in a better prognosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chia-Shuen Lin
- Skin Institute, Department of Dermatology, Hualien Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, Hualien, Taiwan
| | - Li-Yi Chan
- Skin Institute, Department of Dermatology, Hualien Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, Hualien, Taiwan
| | - Jen-Hung Wang
- Department of Medical Research, Hualien Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, Hualien, Taiwan
| | - Chung-Hsing Chang
- Skin Institute, Department of Dermatology, Hualien Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, Hualien, Taiwan
- Doctoral Degree Program in Translational Medicine, Tzu Chi University and Academia Sinica, College of Medicine, Tzu Chi University, Hualien, Taiwan
- Institute of Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Tzu Chi University, Hualien, Taiwan
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12
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Liria-Domínguez R, Penny M, Kroon PA, Burgos G, Dainty J, Zeder C, Zimmermann MB, King J, Mithen R, Boy E, Al-Jaiballi O, Fairweather-Tait S. Biofortified Yellow-Fleshed Potatoes Provide More Absorbable Zinc than a Commonly Consumed Variety: A Randomized Trial Using Stable Isotopes in Women in the Peruvian Highlands. J Nutr 2023; 153:2893-2900. [PMID: 37648112 PMCID: PMC10613720 DOI: 10.1016/j.tjnut.2023.08.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2023] [Revised: 08/16/2023] [Accepted: 08/24/2023] [Indexed: 09/01/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Zinc-biofortified potatoes have considerable potential to reduce zinc deficiency because of their low levels of phytate, an inhibitor of zinc absorption, and their high consumption, especially in the Andean region of Peru. OBJECTIVES The purpose of this study was to measure fractional and total zinc absorption from a test meal of biofortified compared with regular potatoes. METHODS We undertook a single-blinded randomized crossover study (using 67Zn and 70Zn stable isotopes) in which 37 women consumed 500-g biofortified or regular potatoes twice a day. Urine samples were collected to determine fractional and total zinc absorption. RESULTS The zinc content of the biofortified potato and regular potato was 0.48 (standard deviation [SD]: 0.02) and 0.32 (SD: 0.03) mg/100 g fresh weight, respectively. Mean fractional zinc absorption (FZA) from the biofortified potatoes was lower than from the regular potatoes, 20.8% (SD: 5.4%) and 25.5% (SD: 7.0%), respectively (P < 0.01). However, total zinc absorbed was significantly higher (0.49; SD: 0.13 and 0.40; SD: 0.11 mg/500 g, P < 0.01, respectively). CONCLUSIONS The results of this study demonstrate that biofortified potatoes provide more absorbable zinc than regular potatoes. Zinc-biofortified potatoes could contribute toward reducing zinc deficiency in populations where potatoes are a staple food. This trial was registered at clinicaltrials.gov as NCT05154500.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Mary Penny
- Instituto de Investigación Nutricional, Lima, Peru
| | - Paul Antony Kroon
- Food, Microbiome and Health Program, Quadram Institute Bioscience, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, United Kingdom
| | - Gabriela Burgos
- Genetics, Genomics, and Crop Improvement Division, International Potato Center, Lima, Peru
| | - Jack Dainty
- Norwich Medical School, University of East Anglia, Norwich, United Kingdom
| | - Christophe Zeder
- ETH Zürich, Laboratory of Human Nutrition, Department of Health Sciences and Technology, Institute of Food, Nutrition, and Health, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Michael B Zimmermann
- ETH Zürich, Laboratory of Human Nutrition, Department of Health Sciences and Technology, Institute of Food, Nutrition, and Health, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Janet King
- Department of Nutritional Sciences and Toxicology, University of California-Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, United States
| | - Richard Mithen
- Liggins Institute, Waipapa Taumata Rau - The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Erick Boy
- HarvestPlus Programme, Innovation, Policy and Scaling Unit, International Food Policy Research Institute, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Olla Al-Jaiballi
- Food, Microbiome and Health Program, Quadram Institute Bioscience, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, United Kingdom
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13
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Huang D, Zhong S, Yan H, Lai S, Lam M, Jia Y. Association between serum zinc levels and suicidal ideation in US adults: A population-based cross-sectional study. J Affect Disord 2023; 329:359-368. [PMID: 36801424 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2023.02.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2023] [Revised: 02/06/2023] [Accepted: 02/11/2023] [Indexed: 02/19/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Evidence suggests that the homeostatic disruption of zinc, copper, and selenium might contribute to the pathophysiology of mental disorders. However, the specific relationship between the serum levels of these trace elements with suicidal ideation remains poorly understood. This study aimed to investigated the association among suicidal ideation on serum levels of zinc, copper, and selenium. METHODS The cross-sectional study was conducted using data from a nationally representative sample of the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 2011-2016. Suicidal ideation was assessed using Item #9 of the Patient Health Questionnaire-9 Items. Multivariate regression models and restricted cubic splines were performed and E-value was calculated. RESULTS A total of 4561 participants aged 20 years and older were analyzed, of whom 4.08 % had suicidal ideation. The serum zinc levels were lower in the suicidal ideation group than in the non-suicidal ideation group (P = 0.021). In Crude Model, the serum zinc levels were associated with a higher suicidal ideation risk in the second quartile compared with the highest quartile [odds ratio (OR) = 2.63; 95 % confidence interval (CI): 1.53-4.53]. The association persisted (OR = 2.35; 95 % CI: 1.20-4.58) after full adjustment, with E-value 2.44. A nonlinear relationship was observed between serum zinc levels and suicidal ideation (P = 0.028). No relationship was observed between suicidal ideation and serum copper or selenium levels (all P > 0.05). CONCLUSIONS Decreased serum zinc levels may increase susceptibility to suicidal ideation. Future studies are needed to validate the findings of this study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong Huang
- Department of Psychiatry, First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou 510630, China
| | - Shuming Zhong
- Department of Psychiatry, First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou 510630, China
| | - Hong Yan
- Medical Imaging Center, First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou 510630, China; Institute of Molecular and Functional Imaging, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510630, China
| | - Shunkai Lai
- Department of Psychiatry, First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou 510630, China
| | - Meifong Lam
- Psychiatric service of the Centro Hospitalar Conde de São Januário, Macao 999078, China
| | - Yanbin Jia
- Department of Psychiatry, First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou 510630, China.
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14
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Deng G, Vu M, Korbas M, Bondici VF, Karunakaran C, Christensen D, Bart Lardner HA, Yu P. Distribution of Micronutrients in Arborg Oat (Avena sativa L.) Using Synchrotron X-ray Fluorescence Imaging. Food Chem 2023; 421:135661. [PMID: 37094404 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2023.135661] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2022] [Revised: 02/05/2023] [Accepted: 02/06/2023] [Indexed: 02/25/2023]
Abstract
It is important to know the mineral distribution in cereal grains for nutritional improvement or genetic biofortification. Distributions and intensities of micro-elements (Mn, Fe, Cu, and Zn) and macro-elements (P, S, K and Ca) in Arborg oat were investigated using synchrotron-based on X-ray fluorescence imaging (XFI). Arborg oat provided by the Crop Development Center (CDC, Aaron Beattie) of the University of Saskatchewan for 2D X-ray fluorescence scans were measured at the BioXAS-Imaging beamline at the Canadian Light Source. The results show that the Ca and Mn were mainly localized in the aleurone layer and scutellum. P, K, Fe, Cu, and Zn were mainly accumulated in the aleurone layer and embryo. Particularly the intensities of P, K, Cu, and Zn in the scutellum were higher compared to other areas. S was also distributed in each tissue and its abundance in the sub-aleurone was the highest. In addition, the intensities of S and Cu were highest in the nucellar projection of the crease region. All these elements were also found in the pericarp but they were at lower levels than other tissues. Overall, the details of these experimental results can provide important information for micronutrient biofortification and processing strategies on oat through elemental mapping in Arborg oat.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ganqi Deng
- Department of Animal and Poultry Science, College of Agriculture and Bioresources, University of Saskatchewan, 51 Campus Drive, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5A8, Canada
| | - Miranda Vu
- Canadian Light Source Inc., 44 Innovation Boulevard, Saskatoon, SK S7N 2V3, Canada
| | - Malgorzata Korbas
- Canadian Light Source Inc., 44 Innovation Boulevard, Saskatoon, SK S7N 2V3, Canada; Department of Anatomy, Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Saskatchewan, 107 Wiggins Rd, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5E5, Canada
| | - Viorica F Bondici
- Canadian Light Source Inc., 44 Innovation Boulevard, Saskatoon, SK S7N 2V3, Canada
| | - Chithra Karunakaran
- Canadian Light Source Inc., 44 Innovation Boulevard, Saskatoon, SK S7N 2V3, Canada
| | - David Christensen
- Department of Animal and Poultry Science, College of Agriculture and Bioresources, University of Saskatchewan, 51 Campus Drive, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5A8, Canada
| | - H A Bart Lardner
- Department of Animal and Poultry Science, College of Agriculture and Bioresources, University of Saskatchewan, 51 Campus Drive, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5A8, Canada
| | - Peiqiang Yu
- Department of Animal and Poultry Science, College of Agriculture and Bioresources, University of Saskatchewan, 51 Campus Drive, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5A8, Canada.
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15
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Ruangritchankul S, Sumananusorn C, Sirivarasai J, Monsuwan W, Sritara P. Association between Dietary Zinc Intake, Serum Zinc Level and Multiple Comorbidities in Older Adults. Nutrients 2023; 15:nu15020322. [PMID: 36678192 PMCID: PMC9865239 DOI: 10.3390/nu15020322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2022] [Revised: 12/24/2022] [Accepted: 12/29/2022] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Zinc is one of the essential micronutrients in the geriatric population, but the importance of zinc status and dietary zinc intake has been poorly characterized. We aimed to explore the relationships among dietary zinc intake, serum zinc concentrations and multimorbidity in a cross-sectional study of 300 employees of Electric Generating Authority of Thailand aged ≥ 60 years. Comprehensive questionnaires were completed, and clinical and laboratory assessments were performed. Factors associated with low serum zinc concentrations were identified using multivariate multinomial logistic regression analyses. The mean serum zinc level was 80.5 (12.8) µg/dL. After adjustment for baseline characteristics, being female and having been in education for ≤12 years were independent risk factors for the lowest tertile (T1) of serum zinc. After additional adjustment for clinical and biochemical parameters, there was a significant association between depression (Thai Geriatric Depression Scale-15 score > 5) and low serum zinc levels (T1 vs. T3, odds ratio (OR): 2.24; 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.06−4.77). Furthermore, as serum albumin increased, serum zinc concentration substantially increased (T1 vs. T3, OR: 0.01; 95% CI: 0.002−0.070). Therefore, the early detection of risk factors and the further management of depression and low serum albumin may assist physicians in preventing low serum concentrations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sirasa Ruangritchankul
- Division of Geriatric Medicine, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10400, Thailand
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +66-81-640-4373
| | - Chutima Sumananusorn
- Master of Science Program in Nutrition, Faculty of Medicine, Ramathibodi Hospital and Institute of Nutrition, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10400, Thailand
| | - Jintana Sirivarasai
- Graduate Program in Nutrition, Faculty of Medicine, Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10400, Thailand
| | - Wutarak Monsuwan
- Graduate Program in Nutrition, Faculty of Medicine, Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10400, Thailand
| | - Piyamitr Sritara
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10400, Thailand
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16
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Frederickson CJ, Fleming DEB, Asael D, Zaman M, Ferguson R, Kaiser MG, Rankin BD, Schenkels KMM, Hess AIT, Scott AR, Frederickson CJM, Sinclair JK, Lowe NM. Single hair analysis by X-ray fluorescence spectrometry detects small changes in dietary zinc intake: A nested randomized controlled trial. Front Nutr 2023; 10:1139017. [PMID: 37032778 PMCID: PMC10080032 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2023.1139017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2023] [Accepted: 02/27/2023] [Indexed: 04/11/2023] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to determine whether X-ray fluorescence spectrometry (XRF) could be used to detect changes in hair zinc concentration in response to a modest daily increase in zinc from the consumption of zinc biofortified wheat flour. This study was conducted as part of an effectiveness trial (BiZiFED2) exploring the potential for zinc biofortified wheat to alleviate zinc deficiency in adolescent girls aged 10-16 years in Pakistan (trial registration ID ISRCTN17107812). A randomized controlled design was used. Participants received either control flour or zinc biofortified flour for 6 months. Consumption of biofortified flour resulted in an average daily increase in dietary zinc intake of 1.5 mg per day above that of the control flour. At baseline and at the end of the intervention, individual hair samples (control: n = 59, intervention: n = 64) were analyzed for zinc and sulfur content by XRF. Data were analyzed using linear mixed effects models to contrast between trial groups the changes from baseline to end point and also to compare baseline and end point values within each trial group. Increases from baseline to endpoint in both sulfur and zinc were significantly greater in the intervention group compared to control (sulfur counts. CONTROL baseline = 119.87 ± 20.33 and endpoint = 121.58 ± 23.58/intervention: baseline = 122.67 ± 24.19 and endpoint = 131.60 ± 21.34); (Zinc counts. CONTROL baseline = 50.88 ± 14.33 and endpoint = 54.82 ± 14.61/intervention: baseline = 49.61 ± 10.77 and endpoint = 58.79 ± 12.20). For these parameters, there were also significant increases from baseline to endpoint in the intervention group but not in control. Furthermore, for Zn:S count ratio there were no differences in terms of the magnitude of the change from baseline to endpoint in the control group, although significant increases from baseline to endpoint were evident in the intervention group (Zn:S count ratio. CONTROL baseline = 0.42 ± 0.10 and endpoint = 0.45 ± 0.08/intervention: baseline = 0.41 ± 0.08 and endpoint = 0.45 ± 0.08). A modest increase in dietary zinc over 6 months resulted in a detectable increase in both sulfur and zinc counts in individual hairs measured using XRF. This offers a sensitive, non-invasive method to monitor changes within subjects in response to dietary zinc interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Dan Asael
- Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, Yale University, New Haven, CT, United States
| | - Mukhtiar Zaman
- Pulmonology Department, Rehman Medical College, Peshawar, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
| | | | | | - Bryn D. Rankin
- Physics Department, Mount Allison University, Sackville, NB, Canada
| | | | | | | | | | - Jonathan K. Sinclair
- UCLan Research Centre for Global Development, University of Central Lancashire, Preston, Lancashire, United Kingdom
| | - Nicola M. Lowe
- UCLan Research Centre for Global Development, University of Central Lancashire, Preston, Lancashire, United Kingdom
- *Correspondence: Nicola M. Lowe
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17
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Bevis L, Kim K, Guerena D. Soil zinc deficiency and child stunting: Evidence from Nepal. JOURNAL OF HEALTH ECONOMICS 2023; 87:102691. [PMID: 36521402 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhealeco.2022.102691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2021] [Revised: 09/27/2022] [Accepted: 09/30/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
We examine the negative child health impacts of soil zinc (Zn) deficiency in Nepal. Soil Zn deficiency limits both crop yields and the Zn concentration in food crops, leading many to speculate that it underlies human Zn deficiency and child stunting, globally and particularly in South Asia. We find strong evidence that soil Zn deficiency does have a causal impact on child stunting in Nepal's Tarai region, the breadbasket of the country. Using causal bounds, we find that a 1 part per million increase in plant-available soil Zn - achievable with application of Zn-enriched fertilizer - decreases child stunting by between 1 and 7.5 percentage points. Multiple statistical sensitivity tests indicate that this relationship is unlikely to be manufactured by omitted, relevant variables.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leah Bevis
- Department of Agricultural, Environmental and Development Economics, Ohio State University, United States
| | | | - David Guerena
- The Alliance of Bioversity International and the International Center for Tropical Agriculture, United States
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18
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Martínez-Navarro I, Vilchis-Gil J, Cossío-Torres PE, Hernández-Mendoza H, Klünder-Klünder M, Layseca-Espinosa E, Galicia-Cruz OG, Rios-Lugo MJ. Relationship of Serum Zinc Levels with Cardiometabolic Traits in Overweight and Obese Schoolchildren from Mexico City. Biol Trace Elem Res 2022:10.1007/s12011-022-03533-8. [PMID: 36572827 PMCID: PMC9792317 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-022-03533-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2022] [Accepted: 12/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Zinc (Zn) participates as a cofactor for many enzymes in the cellular metabolism, and its serum levels have been associated with different metabolic diseases, especially obesity (OB). Nevertheless, its associations are not clear in the children population. The objective of this study is to evaluate the association between serum Zn levels (SZn) with overweight/obesity status (OW/OB), as well as its cardiometabolic traits in a population of children in Mexico City. Anthropometrical data (body mass index z score (BMIz)), demographic variables (age and sex), and cardiometabolic traits (total cholesterol (TC), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDLc), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDLc), triglycerides (TG), fasting plasma glucose (FPG), and insulin) were analyzed in this cross-sectional study. SZn were measured by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS). The population included 210 children from Mexico City (girls (n = 105) and boys (n = 105)) between ages 6 and 10 years. Normal-weight (NW) schoolchildren had higher SZn concentrations (66 µg/dL; IQR: 48 to 91) compared to OW or OB schoolchildren (61 µg/dL; IQR: 45 to 76). The data showed a significant negative association between SZn and BMIz without sex exclusion (r = - 0.181 and p = 0.009). The boy's population did not show an association between the SZn and BMIz compared to the girl's population which showed a significant negative association (r = - 0.277 and p = 0.004). In addition, other associations were found between SZn and TC (boys (r = 0.214 and p = 0.025), LDLc (boys (r = 0.213 and p = 0.029), and TG (girls (r = - 0.260 and p = 0.007)). Moreover, 38.6% of the total children in our population study had Zn deficiency (ZnD). NW schoolchildren had higher SZn concentrations compared to OW or OB schoolchildren. A diet low in Zn can be a factor to evaluate in the development of childhood OB in Mexico. However, further studies need to be performed on the children Mexican population to replicate and confirm our findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Israel Martínez-Navarro
- Posgrado de Ciencias Basicas, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma de San Luis Potosí, Av. Venustiano Carranza 2405, CP 78210, San Luis Potosí, S.L.P, México
| | - Jenny Vilchis-Gil
- Unidad de Investigación Epidemiológica en Endocrinología y Nutrición, Hospital Infantil de México Federico Gómez, Secretaría de Salud, CP 06720, Ciudad de Mexico, México
| | - Patricia Elizabeth Cossío-Torres
- Departamento de Salud Pública y Ciencias Médicas, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma de San Luis Potosí, Av. Venustiano Carranza 2405, CP 78210, San Luis Potosí, S.L.P, México
| | - Héctor Hernández-Mendoza
- Instituto de Investigación de Zonas Desérticas, Universidad Autónoma de San Luis Potosí, Altair 200, CP 78377, San Luis, S.L.P, México.
- Hospital General de Soledad de Graciano Sánchez, Secretaría de Salud, Valentín Amador 1112, Soledad de Graciano Sánchez, CP 78435, San Luis Potosí, S.L.P., Mexico.
| | - Miguel Klünder-Klünder
- Dirección de Investigación, Hospital Infantil de México Federico Gómez, Secretaría de Salud, CP 06720, Ciudad de Mexico, México
| | - Esther Layseca-Espinosa
- Centro de Investigación en Ciencias de La Salud y Biomedicina, Sección de Medicina Molecular y Traslacional, Universidad Autónoma de San Luis Potosí, Avda Sierra Leona 550, CP 78210, San Luis Potosí, S.L.P, México
| | - Othir Gidalti Galicia-Cruz
- Departamento de Farmacología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma de San Luis Potosí, Av. Venustiano Carranza 2405, CP 78210, San Luis Potosí, S.L.P, México
| | - María Judith Rios-Lugo
- Centro de Investigación en Ciencias de La Salud y Biomedicina, Sección de Medicina Molecular y Traslacional, Universidad Autónoma de San Luis Potosí, Avda Sierra Leona 550, CP 78210, San Luis Potosí, S.L.P, México.
- Facultad de Enfermería y Nutrición, Unidad de Posgrado, Universidad Autónoma de San Luis Potosí, Avda. Niño Artillero 130, CP 78210, San Luis Potosí, S.L.P, México.
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19
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Single and Combined Associations of Plasma and Urine Essential Trace Elements (Zn, Cu, Se, and Mn) with Cardiovascular Risk Factors in a Mediterranean Population. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:antiox11101991. [PMID: 36290714 PMCID: PMC9598127 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11101991] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2022] [Revised: 10/01/2022] [Accepted: 10/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Trace elements are micronutrients that are required in very small quantities through diet but are crucial for the prevention of acute and chronic diseases. Despite the fact that initial studies demonstrated inverse associations between some of the most important essential trace elements (Zn, Cu, Se, and Mn) and cardiovascular disease, several recent studies have reported a direct association with cardiovascular risk factors due to the fact that these elements can act as both antioxidants and pro-oxidants, depending on several factors. This study aims to investigate the association between plasma and urine concentrations of trace elements and cardiovascular risk factors in a general population from the Mediterranean region, including 484 men and women aged 18−80 years and considering trace elements individually and as joint exposure. Zn, Cu, Se, and Mn were determined in plasma and urine using an inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometer (ICP-MS). Single and combined analysis of trace elements with plasma lipid, blood pressure, diabetes, and anthropometric variables was undertaken. Principal component analysis, quantile-based g-computation, and calculation of trace element risk scores (TERS) were used for the combined analyses. Models were adjusted for covariates. In single trace element models, we found statistically significant associations between plasma Se and increased total cholesterol and systolic blood pressure; plasma Cu and increased triglycerides and body mass index; and urine Zn and increased glucose. Moreover, in the joint exposure analysis using quantile g-computation and TERS, the combined plasma levels of Zn, Cu, Se (directly), and Mn (inversely) were strongly associated with hypercholesterolemia (OR: 2.03; 95%CI: 1.37−2.99; p < 0.001 per quartile increase in the g-computation approach). The analysis of urine mixtures revealed a significant relationship with both fasting glucose and diabetes (OR: 1.91; 95%CI: 1.01−3.04; p = 0.046). In conclusion, in this Mediterranean population, the combined effect of higher plasma trace element levels (primarily Se, Cu, and Zn) was directly associated with elevated plasma lipids, whereas the mixture effect in urine was primarily associated with plasma glucose. Both parameters are relevant cardiovascular risk factors, and increased trace element exposures should be considered with caution.
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20
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Rodic S, McCudden C, van Walraven C. Relationship between Plasma Zinc and Red Blood Cell Zinc Levels in Hospitalized Patients. J Appl Lab Med 2022; 7:1412-1423. [DOI: 10.1093/jalm/jfac079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2022] [Accepted: 08/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Background
Patient zinc stores are quantified with plasma or red blood cell (RBC) measures. The relationship between these 2 measures of zinc status has not been determined in a broad population of hospitalized patients.
Methods
Both plasma zinc and RBC zinc were prospectively collected and measured in 252 consenting patients admitted urgently to hospital. Plasma and RBC zinc levels were measured within 48 h of admission. We collected demographic, vitals, and laboratory data for use in multivariate regression models that included markers of acute disease severity and systemic inflammation.
Results
Plasma zinc and RBC zinc levels were low in 63% and 10% of hospitalized patients, respectively. Categorized zinc levels based on normal intervals for plasma and RBC zinc values were not related (χ2 0.47 [2 df] P = 0.79). The Pearson correlation coefficient between plasma zinc and RBC zinc was −0.09 (P = 0.15). After adjustments for multiple clinical covariates, the correlation coefficient remained insignificant (r = −0.11, P = 0.08). Plasma zinc was inversely associated with markers of inflammation including the neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio and temperature.
Conclusions
Patient-specific plasma and RBC zinc are unrelated in hospitalized patients, possibly due to decreased values with acute illness seen in the former but not the latter. Future studies are required to determine which of these measures best predicts outcomes in hospitalized patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefan Rodic
- Department of Medicine, University of Ottawa , Ottawa, ON , Canada
| | - Christopher McCudden
- Department of Pathology & Lab. Medicine, University of Ottawa , Ottawa, ON , Canada
- Division of Biochemistry, The Ottawa Hospital & The Eastern Ontario Regional Laboratory Association , Ottawa, ON , Canada
| | - Carl van Walraven
- Medicine and Epidemiology & Community Medicine, University of Ottawa , Ottawa, ON , Canada
- Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Institute for Clinical Evaluative Sciences , Ottawa, ON , Canada
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21
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Protective role of zinc in the pathogenesis of respiratory diseases. Eur J Clin Nutr 2022; 77:427-435. [PMID: 35982216 PMCID: PMC9387421 DOI: 10.1038/s41430-022-01191-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2022] [Revised: 07/19/2022] [Accepted: 07/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Respiratory diseases remain a major cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. An imbalance of zinc, an essential trace element, is associated with a variety of lung diseases. We reviewed and summarized recent research (human subjects, animal studies, in vitro studies) on zinc in respiratory diseases to explore the protective mechanism of zinc from the perspective of regulation of oxidative stress, inflammation, lipid metabolism, and apoptosis. In the lungs, zinc has anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and antiviral effects; can inhibit cancer cell migration; can regulate lipid metabolism and immune cells; and exerts other protective effects. Our comprehensive evaluation highlights the clinical and experimental effects of zinc in the pathogenesis of respiratory diseases. Our analysis also provides insight into the clinical application of zinc-targeted therapy for respiratory diseases.
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22
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Knez M, Pantovic A, Tako E, Boy E. FADS1 and FADS2 as biomarkers of Zn status - a systematic review and meta-analysis. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2022; 64:3187-3205. [PMID: 35880429 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2022.2103790] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/09/2022]
Abstract
Despite enormous research efforts, a sufficiently sensitive and reliable biomarker for the assessment of zinc (Zn) status has not been identified to date. Zn affects fatty acid metabolism and alters the activity of certain desaturases; thus, desaturase activity has been proposed as a potential new biomarker of Zn status. This systematic review complied and assessed studies that examined changes in fatty acid desaturase 1 (FADS1) and fatty acid desaturase 2 (FADS2) activities in relation to modifications in dietary Zn intake. A systematic search was performed in PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus, Web of Knowledge, and Central with strictly defined search, inclusion, and exclusion criteria. Twenty-one studies were included, 8 animal and 13 human trials (5 randomized controlled trials, two non-randomized controlled trials, and 6 cross-sectional studies). This systematic review was performed using PRISMA guidelines and where feasible a random-effects meta-analysis was conducted. No significant correlation was seen between the delta 6 desaturase and Zn status (-0.0958, 95% CIs (-0.2912; 0.1074), p = 0.2928). Delta 6 desaturase seems to respond in a greater magnitude than Zn status to Zn-containing interventions (the standardized mean difference for delta 6 desaturase was -0.6052, 95% CIs (-2.7162; 1.5058), p = 0.4289, while for plasma/serum Zn it was 0.0319, 95% CIs (-0.9133; 0.9770), p = 0.9213). Finally, two separate meta-analyses on same studies that assessed the correlations between LA:DGLA and Zn intake and Zn status and Zn intake revealed that the magnitude of correlations was only slightly different (the pooled correlation coefficient between the LA:DGLA ratio and Zn intake had a value of -0.1050, 95% CIs (-0.5356; 0.3690), p = 0.454, while between plasma Zn and Zn intake had a value of -0.0647, 95% CIs (-0.4224; 0.3106), p = 0.5453). According to the descriptive analysis, the magnitude of variation in desaturase activities in response to Zn intake was not consistent among studies, FADS1 and FADS2 activity corresponded to dietary Zn manipulations, both in animals and humans. A plausible explanation for this observation might be the difference between the studies in study populations, types of dietary interventions, study durations, etc. In addition, several potential confounders and covariates are identified from the qualitative synthesis, such as gender, age, the type of fat provided within the dietary intervention, the size of Zn particles, among others. Further high-quality studies are needed to additionally clarify the suggested associations and applicability of utilizing fatty acid desaturase activities as Zn status biomarkers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marija Knez
- Center of Research Excellence in Nutrition and Metabolism, University of Belgrade, Institute for Medical Research, National Institute of the Republic of Serbia, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Ana Pantovic
- Faculty of Biology, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Elad Tako
- Department of Food Science, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
| | - Erick Boy
- HarvestPlus, International Food Policy Research Institute, Washington, DC, USA
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Escobedo-Monge MF, Barrado E, Parodi-Román J, Escobedo-Monge MA, Torres-Hinojal MC, Marugán-Miguelsanz JM. Magnesium Status and Ca/Mg Ratios in a Series of Children and Adolescents with Chronic Diseases. Nutrients 2022; 14:2941. [PMID: 35889897 PMCID: PMC9315923 DOI: 10.3390/nu14142941] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2022] [Revised: 07/13/2022] [Accepted: 07/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Magnesium (Mg) is an essential divalent cation involved in various enzymatic reactions that regulate vital biological functions. The main goal was to evaluate Mg status and its association with nutritional indicators in 78 children and adolescents with chronic diseases. We assessed anthropometric, biochemical, diet, body composition, and bone densitometry valuations. Serum Mg and Ca levels were determined using the standardized method and diet calcium (Ca) and Mg consumption by a prospective 72 h diet survey. Mean serum Ca (9.9 mg/dL), Mg (2.08 mg/dL) dietary Ca (102% DRI: Dietary Reference Intake), and Mg intake (105% DRI) were normal. A total of 45% had hypomagnesemia, 12% had hypermagnesemia, and 26% and 24% had inadequate and high Mg intake, respectively. Only 6% of patients had poor Mg intake and hypomagnesemia, and 54% and 90% of our series had an elevated serum Ca/Mg ratio > 4.70 (mean 4.79) and a low Ca/Mg intake ratio < 1.70 (mean 1.06), respectively. Both Ca/Mg ratios were linked with the risk of developing other chronic conditions such as cardiovascular disease, type 2 diabetes, syndrome metabolic, and even several cancers. Therefore, 79% of children and adolescents with chronic diseases were at elevated risk of having abnormal Mg status and developing other chronic illnesses.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Enrique Barrado
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Science Faculty, Campus Miguel Delibes, University of Valladolid, Calle Paseo de Belén, 7, 47011 Valladolid, Spain;
| | | | | | | | - José Manuel Marugán-Miguelsanz
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Valladolid University, Avenida Ramón y Cajal, 7, 47005 Valladolid, Spain;
- Section of Gastroenterology and Pediatric Nutrition, University Clinical Hospital of Valladolid, Avenida Ramón y Cajal, 3, 47003 Valladolid, Spain
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Liu L, Chen J, Liu C, Luo Y, Chen J, Fu Y, Xu Y, Wu H, Li X, Wang H. Relationships Between Biological Heavy Metals and Breast Cancer: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Front Nutr 2022; 9:838762. [PMID: 35782923 PMCID: PMC9245072 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2022.838762] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2021] [Accepted: 04/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Heavy metals were classified as essential, probably essential, and potentially toxic in the general population. Until now, it has been reported inconsistently on the association between heavy metals and BC. In this meta-analysis, we aimed to assess the association between heavy metals and BC and review the potential mechanisms systematically. Methods We searched for epidemiological studies in English about the association between heavy metals and BC published before September 2020 in PubMed, Web of Science, and Embase databases. In total 36 studies, comprising 4,151 individuals from five continents around the world were identified and included. Results In all biological specimens, Cu, Cd, and Pb concentrations were higher, but Zn and Mn concentrations were lower in patients with BC than in non-BC participants [SMD (95% CIs): 0.62 (0.12, 1.12); 1.64 (0.76, 2.52); 2.03 (0.11, 3.95); −1.40 (−1.96, −0.85); −2.26 (−3.39, −1.13); p = 0.01, 0.0003, 0.04, <0.0001, <0.0001]. Specifically, higher plasma or serum Cu and Cd, as well as lower Zn and Mn, were found in cases [SMD (95% CIs): 0.98 (0.36, 1.60); 2.55 (1.16, 3.94); −1.53 (−2.28, −0.78); −2.40 (−3.69, −1.10); p = 0.002, 0.0003, <0.0001, 0.0003]; in hair, only lower Zn was observed [SMD (95% CIs): −2.12 (−3.55, −0.68); p = 0.0004]. Furthermore, the status of trace elements probably needs to be re-explored, particularly in BC. More prospective studies, randomized clinical trials, and specific pathogenic studies are needed to prevent BC. The main mechanisms underlying above-mentioned findings are comprehensively reviewed. Conclusion For BC, this review identified the current knowledge gaps which we currently have in understanding the impact of different heavy metals on BC. Systematic Review Registration www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/display_record.php?ID=CRD42020176934, identifier: CRD42020176934.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Center for Single-Cell Omics, School of Public Health, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jie Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Center for Single-Cell Omics, School of Public Health, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Chang Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Center for Single-Cell Omics, School of Public Health, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yuxuan Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Center for Single-Cell Omics, School of Public Health, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jiayun Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Center for Single-Cell Omics, School of Public Health, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yuanyuan Fu
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Center for Single-Cell Omics, School of Public Health, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yajie Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Center for Single-Cell Omics, School of Public Health, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Haili Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Center for Single-Cell Omics, School of Public Health, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- College of Life Science, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Xue Li
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Center for Single-Cell Omics, School of Public Health, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- *Correspondence: Xue Li
| | - Hui Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Center for Single-Cell Omics, School of Public Health, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Hui Wang
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Micronutrient Improvement of Epithelial Barrier Function in Various Disease States: A Case for Adjuvant Therapy. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23062995. [PMID: 35328419 PMCID: PMC8951934 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23062995] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2022] [Accepted: 03/01/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The published literature makes a very strong case that a wide range of disease morbidity associates with and may in part be due to epithelial barrier leak. An equally large body of published literature substantiates that a diverse group of micronutrients can reduce barrier leak across a wide array of epithelial tissue types, stemming from both cell culture as well as animal and human tissue models. Conversely, micronutrient deficiencies can exacerbate both barrier leak and morbidity. Focusing on zinc, Vitamin A and Vitamin D, this review shows that at concentrations above RDA levels but well below toxicity limits, these micronutrients can induce cell- and tissue-specific molecular-level changes in tight junctional complexes (and by other mechanisms) that reduce barrier leak. An opportunity now exists in critical care—but also medical prophylactic and therapeutic care in general—to consider implementation of select micronutrients at elevated dosages as adjuvant therapeutics in a variety of disease management. This consideration is particularly pointed amidst the COVID-19 pandemic.
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26
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Adherence to Dietary Recommendations of 7-Year-Old Children from a Birth Cohort in Friuli Venezia Giulia, Italy. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14030515. [PMID: 35276874 PMCID: PMC8838727 DOI: 10.3390/nu14030515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2021] [Accepted: 01/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Few Italian and European studies have assessed adherence to dietary recommendations in primary school children using dietary records. No Italian studies have provided an index-based nutritional adequacy assessment. We provided a comprehensive overview of dietary intake in 381 7-year-old children from NAC-II cohort study, Friuli Venezia Giulia (Italy). Energy, macro-, and micronutrient intakes were derived from 3-day dietary records. Standard (median and percentage) and index-based (Nutrient Adequacy Ratio (NAR) and Mean Adequacy Ratio (MAR)) approaches were used to evaluate adequacy to Italian dietary reference values at nutrient- and overall-diet-level. Percentage contribution of macronutrients to energy intake (%En) was unbalanced towards total fats and protein. In 25% of children, total fats intake exceeded the reference intake upper limit. In ~63% of children, protein intake was at least doubled in their child-specific population reference intake. Median intakes of sodium (1.7 g/day), saturated fatty acids (12.2 %En), and soluble carbohydrates (19.4 %En) exceeded the suggested dietary target in most (65–84%) children. Inadequacy was also observed for micronutrients, with median NARs ranging from 0.11 (vitamin D) to 0.90 (zinc). The median MAR was 0.75 (0.69–0.79), with 1 indicating optimal overall dietary intake. In conclusion, the enrolled children showed suboptimal intakes of several macro- and micronutrients, in line with Italian and European studies on primary school children. Based on the current findings, public health interventions may be targeted to specific nutrients or subpopulations.
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Satyavathi CT, Tomar RS, Ambawat S, Kheni J, Padhiyar SM, Desai H, Bhatt SB, Shitap MS, Meena RC, Singhal T, Sankar SM, Singh SP, Khandelwal V. Stage specific comparative transcriptomic analysis to reveal gene networks regulating iron and zinc content in pearl millet [Pennisetum glaucum (L.) R. Br.]. Sci Rep 2022; 12:276. [PMID: 34997160 PMCID: PMC8742121 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-04388-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2021] [Accepted: 12/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Pearl millet is an important staple food crop of poor people and excels all other cereals due to its unique features of resilience to adverse climatic conditions. It is rich in micronutrients like iron and zinc and amenable for focused breeding for these micronutrients along with high yield. Hence, this is a key to alleviate malnutrition and ensure nutritional security. This study was conducted to identify and validate candidate genes governing grain iron and zinc content enabling the desired modifications in the genotypes. Transcriptome sequencing using ION S5 Next Generation Sequencer generated 43.5 million sequence reads resulting in 83,721 transcripts with N50 of 597 bp and 84.35% of transcripts matched with the pearl millet genome assembly. The genotypes having high iron and zinc showed differential gene expression during different stages. Of which, 155 were up-regulated and 251 were down-regulated while during flowering stage and milking stage 349 and 378 transcripts were differentially expressed, respectively. Gene annotation and GO term showed the presence of transcripts involved in metabolic activities associated with uptake and transport of iron and zinc. Information generated will help in gaining insights into iron and zinc metabolism and develop genotypes with high yield, grain iron and zinc content.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Tara Satyavathi
- ICAR-AICRP on Pearl Millet, Agriculture University, Jodhpur, Rajasthan, 342 304, India.
| | - Rukam S Tomar
- Department of Biotechnology, Junagadh Agricultural University, Junagadh, Gujarat, India
| | - Supriya Ambawat
- ICAR-AICRP on Pearl Millet, Agriculture University, Jodhpur, Rajasthan, 342 304, India
| | - Jasminkumar Kheni
- Department of Biotechnology, Junagadh Agricultural University, Junagadh, Gujarat, India
| | - Shital M Padhiyar
- Department of Biotechnology, Junagadh Agricultural University, Junagadh, Gujarat, India
| | - Hiralben Desai
- Department of Biotechnology, Junagadh Agricultural University, Junagadh, Gujarat, India
| | - S B Bhatt
- Department of Biotechnology, Junagadh Agricultural University, Junagadh, Gujarat, India
| | - M S Shitap
- Department of Agricultural Statistics, Junagadh Agricultural University, Junagadh, Gujarat, India
| | - Ramesh Chand Meena
- ICAR-AICRP on Pearl Millet, Agriculture University, Jodhpur, Rajasthan, 342 304, India
| | - Tripti Singhal
- Division of Genetics, Indian Agricultural Research Institute, ICAR, New Delhi, India
| | - S Mukesh Sankar
- Division of Genetics, Indian Agricultural Research Institute, ICAR, New Delhi, India
| | - S P Singh
- Division of Genetics, Indian Agricultural Research Institute, ICAR, New Delhi, India
| | - Vikas Khandelwal
- ICAR-AICRP on Pearl Millet, Agriculture University, Jodhpur, Rajasthan, 342 304, India
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28
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Chen L, Wang Z, Wang P, Yu X, Ding H, Wang Z, Feng J. Effect of Long-Term and Short-Term Imbalanced Zn Manipulation on Gut Microbiota and Screening for Microbial Markers Sensitive to Zinc Status. Microbiol Spectr 2021; 9:e0048321. [PMID: 34730437 PMCID: PMC8567254 DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.00483-21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2021] [Accepted: 09/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Zinc (Zn) imbalance is a common single-nutrient disorder worldwide, but little is known about the short-term and long-term effects of imbalanced dietary zinc in the intestinal microbiome. Here, 3-week-old C57BL/6 mice were fed diets supplemented with Zn at the doses of 0 (low Zn), 30 (control Zn), 150 (high Zn), and 600 mg/kg of body weight (excess Zn) for 4 weeks (short term) and 8 weeks (long term). The gut bacterial composition at the phyla, genus, and species levels were changed as the result of the imbalanced Zn diet (e.g., Lactobacillus reuteri and Akkermansia muciniphila). Moreover, pathways including carbohydrate, glycan, and nucleotide metabolism were decreased by a short-term low-Zn diet. Valeriate production was suppressed by a long-term low-Zn diet. Pathways such as drug resistance and infectious diseases were upregulated in high- and excess-Zn diets over 4-week and 8-week intervals. Long-term zinc fortification doses, especially at the high-Zn level, suppressed the abundance of short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs)-producing genera as well as the concentrations of metabolites. Finally, Melainabacteria (phylum) and Desulfovibrio sp. strain ABHU2SB (species) were identified to be potential markers for Zn status with high accuracy (area under the curve [AUC], >0.8). Collectively, this study identified significant changes in gut microbial composition and its metabolite concentration in altered Zn-fed mice and the relevant microbial markers for Zn status. IMPORTANCE Zn insufficiency is an essential health problem in developing countries. To prevent the occurrence of zinc deficit, zinc fortification and supplementation are widely used. However, in developed countries, the amounts of Zn consumed often exceed the tolerable upper intake limit. Our results demonstrated that dietary Zn is an essential mediator of microbial community structure and that both Zn deficiency and Zn overdose can generate a dysbiosis in the gut microbiota. Moreover, specific microbial biomarkers of Zn status were identified and correlated with serum Zn level. Our study found that a short-term low-Zn diet (0 mg/kg) and a long-term high-zinc diet (150 mg/kg) had obvious negative effects in a mouse model. Thus, these results indicate that the provision and duration of supplemental Zn should be approached with caution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lingjun Chen
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Animal Nutrition, Ministry of Education, College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Zhonghang Wang
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Animal Nutrition, Ministry of Education, College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Peng Wang
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Animal Nutrition, Ministry of Education, College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xiaonan Yu
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Animal Nutrition, Ministry of Education, College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Haoxuan Ding
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Animal Nutrition, Ministry of Education, College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Zinan Wang
- Elpida Institute of Life Sciences, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Jie Feng
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Animal Nutrition, Ministry of Education, College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
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Nguyen VQ, Lam PV, Goto A, Nguyen TVT, Vuong TNT, Nguyen TM, Nguyen MH, Truong ATT, Tran TPT, Vo CD. Prevalence and Correlates of Zinc Deficiency Among Vietnamese Women of Reproductive Age in Ho Chi Minh City: A Single Hospital-Based Survey. Front Glob Womens Health 2021; 2:733191. [PMID: 34927136 PMCID: PMC8678106 DOI: 10.3389/fgwh.2021.733191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2021] [Accepted: 11/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and Objectives: Zinc is a micronutrient that plays an important role in metabolism, cell growth regulation, and differentiation. Vietnam has many population groups living in poverty. The daily food of Vietnamese people is mainly rice, which contains very little zinc. This cross-sectional study was conducted to determine the prevalence of, and factors related to, zinc deficiency in women of reproductive age. Methods and Study Design: The sample population was non-pregnant women of reproductive age (18–49 years old) who visited Nguyen Tri Phuong Hospital Gynecological Outpatient Clinic. The subjects were interviewed and data on background characteristics, anthropometric measurements, and blood tests (serum zinc concentration, complete blood count, albumin, and ferritin) were collected. Results: The prevalence of zinc deficiency, as defined by the International Zinc Nutrition Consultative Group (IZiNCG), was 85% [61/72; 95% confidence interval (CI) = 74–91%], and the prevalence of severe zinc deficiency was 37% (27/72; 95% CI = 26–50%). There were significant associations of albumin concentration, marital status, and past pregnancy history with severe zinc deficiency. Conclusions: More than three-fourths of Vietnamese women of reproductive age had zinc deficiency at our study site in Ho Chi Minh City. This health issue requires greater attention in order to swiftly promote preventive actions, and further surveillance to confirm our study findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vinh Quang Nguyen
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Nguyen Tri Phuong Hospital, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
| | - Phong Van Lam
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Nguyen Tri Phuong Hospital, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
| | - Aya Goto
- Center for Integrated Science and Humanities, Fukushima Medical University, Fukushima, Japan
| | - Tu Van T Nguyen
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Tan Tao University, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
| | - Thanh Nhan T Vuong
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Nguyen Tri Phuong Hospital, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
| | - Tien Minh Nguyen
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Nguyen Tri Phuong Hospital, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
| | - Minh Ha Nguyen
- Department of Laboratory, Nguyen Tri Phuong Hospital, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
| | - Anh Tuyet T Truong
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Nguyen Tri Phuong Hospital, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
| | - Truc Phuong T Tran
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Nguyen Tri Phuong Hospital, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
| | - Chien Duc Vo
- Department of Internal Medicine, Nguyen Tri Phuong Hospital, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
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30
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Bauer SE, Lai HJ, McDonald CM, Asfour F, Slaven JE, Ren CL. Zinc status and growth in infants and young children with cystic fibrosis. Pediatr Pulmonol 2021; 56:3768-3776. [PMID: 34499426 PMCID: PMC8629965 DOI: 10.1002/ppul.25666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2021] [Revised: 08/20/2021] [Accepted: 09/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Zinc deficiency is associated with poor growth in children without cystic fibrosis (CF), but its impact on growth in children with CF is unknown. OBJECTIVE To determine the prevalence of low serum Zn (sZn) and its relationship with growth in the first 3 years of life in children with CF. METHODS We utilized data from infants with CF who were enrolled in a longitudinal study of nutrition and lung health and had sZn measured as part of clinical care. Cross-sectional correlations between sZn levels and growth z scores were assessed by Pearson's correlation coefficient. To identify factors associated with sZn status and its association to longitudinal growth patterns, multiple regression analysis with repeated measures were performed using generalized estimating equations. RESULTS A total of 106 sZn measurements from 53 infants were identified. Seventeen infants (32%) had intermittent Zn insufficiency, defined as at least one sZn <70 mcg/dl in their first 3 years of life. There were no significant cross-sectional associations between sZn and growth z scores. However, analysis of longitudinal growth patterns revealed that weight- and length-for-age z scores in children with intermittent Zn insufficiency were lower during early infancy and their weight-for-length z scores at age 3 years were also lower compared to those who were always Zn sufficient. CONCLUSION Low sZn occurs in one-third of children with CF in the first 3 years of life. Cross-sectional and longitudinal analyses revealed discrepant associations between sZn and growth. Therefore, prospective studies are needed to understand the role of Zn in growth in CF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah E Bauer
- Department of Pediatrics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
| | - HuiChuan J Lai
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin, USA.,Department of Pediatrics, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin, USA.,Department of Population Health Sciences, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Catherine M McDonald
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, Primary Children's Hospital, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
| | - Fadi Asfour
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
| | - James E Slaven
- Department of Biostatistics & Health Data Science, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
| | - Clement L Ren
- Department of Pediatrics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
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31
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Jongstra R, Hossain MM, Galetti V, Hall AG, Holt RR, Cercamondi CI, Rashid SF, Zimmermann MB, Mridha MK, Wegmueller R. The effect of zinc-biofortified rice on zinc status of Bangladeshi preschool children: a randomized, double-masked, household-based, controlled trial. Am J Clin Nutr 2021; 115:724-737. [PMID: 34792094 PMCID: PMC8895213 DOI: 10.1093/ajcn/nqab379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2021] [Accepted: 11/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Zinc biofortification of rice could sustainably improve zinc status in countries where zinc deficiency is common and rice is a staple, but its efficacy has not been tested. Fatty acid desaturases (FADS) are putative new zinc status biomarkers. OBJECTIVES Our objective was to test the efficacy of zinc-biofortified rice (BFR) in preschool-aged children with zinc deficiency. Our hypothesis was that consumption of BFR would increase plasma zinc concentration (PZC). METHODS We conducted a 9-mo, double-masked intervention trial in 12-36-mo-old rural Bangladeshi children, most of whom were zinc-deficient (PZC <70 µg/dL) and stunted (n = 520). The children were randomly assigned to receive either control rice (CR) or BFR provided in cooked portions to their households daily, with compliance monitoring. The primary outcome was PZC. Secondary outcomes were zinc deficiency, linear growth, infection-related morbidity, FADS activity indices, intestinal fatty acid binding protein (I-FABP) and fecal calprotectin. We applied sparse serial sampling for midpoint measures and analyzed data by intention-to-treat using mixed-effects models. RESULTS At baseline, median (IQR) PZC was 60.4 (56.3-64.3) µg/dL, 78.1% of children were zinc deficient, and 59.7% were stunted. Mean ± SD daily zinc intakes from the CR and BFR during the trial were 1.20 ± 0.34 and 2.22 ± 0.47 mg/d, respectively (P < 0.001). There were no significant time-by-treatment effects on PZC, zinc deficiency prevalence, FADS activity, I-FABP, or fecal calprotectin (all P > 0.05). There was a time-treatment interaction for height-for-age z-scores (P < 0.001) favoring the BFR group. The morbidity longitudinal prevalence ratio was 1.08 (95% CI: 1.05, 1.12) comparing the BFR and CR groups, due to more upper respiratory tract illness in the BFR group. CONCLUSIONS Consumption of BFR for 9 mo providing ∼1 mg of additional zinc daily to Bangladeshi children did not significantly affect PZC, prevalence of zinc deficiency, or FADS activity.The trial was registered at clinicaltrials.gov as NCT03079583.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roelinda Jongstra
- Laboratory for Human Nutrition, Institute of Food, Nutrition and Health, ETH Zürich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Md Mokbul Hossain
- James P Grant School of Public Health, BRAC University, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Valeria Galetti
- Laboratory for Human Nutrition, Institute of Food, Nutrition and Health, ETH Zürich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Andrew G Hall
- Department of Nutrition, University of California, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Roberta R Holt
- Department of Nutrition, University of California, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Colin I Cercamondi
- Laboratory for Human Nutrition, Institute of Food, Nutrition and Health, ETH Zürich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Sabina F Rashid
- James P Grant School of Public Health, BRAC University, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | | | - Malay K Mridha
- James P Grant School of Public Health, BRAC University, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Rita Wegmueller
- Laboratory for Human Nutrition, Institute of Food, Nutrition and Health, ETH Zürich, Zurich, Switzerland,GroundWork, Fläsch, Switzerland
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Grüngreiff K, Gottstein T, Reinhold D, Blindauer CA. Albumin Substitution in Decompensated Liver Cirrhosis: Don't Forget Zinc. Nutrients 2021; 13:4011. [PMID: 34836265 PMCID: PMC8618355 DOI: 10.3390/nu13114011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2021] [Revised: 11/05/2021] [Accepted: 11/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Decompensated liver cirrhosis has a dismal prognosis, with patients surviving on average for 2-4 years after the first diagnosis of ascites. Albumin is an important tool in the therapy of cirrhotic ascites. By virtue of its oncotic properties, it reduces the risk of cardiovascular dysfunction after paracentesis. Treatment with albumin also counteracts the development of hepatorenal syndrome and spontaneous bacterial peritonitis. More recently, the positive impact of long-term albumin supplementation in liver disease, based on its pleiotropic non-oncotic activities, has been recognized. These include transport of endo- and exogenous substances, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant and immunomodulatory activities, and stabilizing effects on the endothelium. Besides the growing recognition that effective albumin therapy requires adjustment of the plasma level to normal physiological values, the search for substances with adjuvant activities is becoming increasingly important. More than 75% of patients with decompensated liver cirrhosis do not only present with hypoalbuminemia but also with zinc deficiency. There is a close relationship between albumin and the essential trace element zinc. First and foremost, albumin is the main carrier of zinc in plasma, and is hence critical for systemic distribution of zinc. In this review, we discuss important functions of albumin in the context of metabolic, immunological, oxidative, transport, and distribution processes, alongside crucial functions and effects of zinc and their mutual dependencies. In particular, we focus on the major role of chronic inflammatory processes in pathogenesis and progression of liver cirrhosis and how albumin therapy and zinc supplementation may affect these processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kurt Grüngreiff
- Clinic of Gastroenterology, City Hospital Magdeburg GmbH, 39130 Magdeburg, Germany;
| | - Thomas Gottstein
- Clinic of Gastroenterology, City Hospital Magdeburg GmbH, 39130 Magdeburg, Germany;
| | - Dirk Reinhold
- Medical Faculty, Institute of Molecular and Clinical Immunology, Otto-von-Guericke-University, 39120 Magdeburg, Germany;
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Bitirim CV. The role of zinc transporter proteins as predictive and prognostic biomarkers of hepatocellular cancer. PeerJ 2021; 9:e12314. [PMID: 34721988 PMCID: PMC8522644 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.12314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2021] [Accepted: 09/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Identification of the key processes involved in the tumor progression, malignancy and the molecular factors which are responsible for the transition of the cirrhotic cells to the tumor cells, contribute to the detection of biomarkers for diagnosis of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) at an early stage. According to clinical data, HCC is mostly characterized by a significant decrease in zinc levels. It is strongly implied that zinc deficiency is the major event required in the early stages of tumor formation and development of malignancy. Due to this reason, the definition of the molecular players which have a role in zinc homeostasis and cellular zinc level could give us a clue about the transition state of the cirrhosis to hepatic tumor formation. Despite the well-known implications of zinc in the development of HCCthe correlation of the expression of zinc transporter proteins with tumor progression and malignancy remain largely unknown. In the present study, we evaluated in detail the relationship of zinc deficiency on the prognosis of early HCC patients. In this study, we aimed to test the potential zinc transporters which contribute tothe transformation of cirrhosis to HCCand the progression of HCC. Among the 24 zinc transporter proteins, the proteins to be examined were chosen by using Gene Expression Profiling Interactive Analysis (GEPIA) webpage and RNA-seq analysis using TCGA database. ZIP14 and ZIP5 transporters were found as common differentially expressed genes from both bioinformatic analyses. ZnT1, ZnT7 and ZIP7 transporters have been associated with tumor progression. Relative abundance of ZnT1, ZIP5 and ZIP14 protein level was determined by immunohistochemistry (IHC) in surgically resected liver specimens from 16 HCC patients at different stages. IHC staining intensity was analyzed by using ImageJ software and scored with the histological scoring (H-score) method. The staining of ZnT1 was significantly higher in Grade III comparing to Grade II and Grade I. On the contrary, ZIP14 staining decreased almost 10-foldcomparing to Grade Iand Grade II. ZIP5 staining was detected almost 2-fold higher in cirrhosis than HCC. But ZnT1 staining was observed almost 3-fold lower in cirrhosis comparing to HCC. Intracellular free zinc level was measured by flow cytometry in Hep40 and Snu398 cells using FluoZin-3 dye. The intracellular free zinc level was almost 9-fold decreased in poor differentiated Snu398 HCC cells comparing to well differentiated Hep40 HCC cells.This report establishes for the first time the correlation between the expression pattern of ZIP14, ZnT1 and ZIP5 and significant zinc deficiency which occurs concurrently with the advancing of malignancy. Our results provide new molecular insight into ZnT1, ZIP14 and ZIP5 mediated regulation of cellular zinc homeostasis and indicate that zinc transporters might be important factors and events in HCC malignancy, which can lead to the development of early biomarkers.
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Escobedo-Monge MF, Barrado E, Parodi-Román J, Escobedo-Monge MA, Torres-Hinojal MC, Marugán-Miguelsanz JM. Copper and Copper/Zn Ratio in a Series of Children with Chronic Diseases: A Cross-Sectional Study. Nutrients 2021; 13:3578. [PMID: 34684579 PMCID: PMC8537994 DOI: 10.3390/nu13103578] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2021] [Revised: 10/05/2021] [Accepted: 10/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Copper is an essential micronutrient for humans. A cross-sectional and comparative study was done to assess serum Cu levels and serum copper/zinc (Cu/Zn) ratio and its association with nutritional indicators in a series of children and adolescents with chronic diseases. Anthropometric, biochemical, dietary, body composition, and bone densitometry assessments were carried out. Serum Cu and Zn were measured by atomic absorption spectrophotometry. Seventy-eight patients (55% women) participated. The mean serum Cu in the entire series and by nutritional status through body mass index (BMI) was normal. Serum Cu decreased significantly with age and was meaningfully higher in children than in adolescents. The risk of finding altered Cu levels in children and men was higher than in adolescents and women, respectively. Twenty-two per cent of patients had abnormal serum copper levels, 13 had hypercupremia, and four had hypocupremia. The Cu/Zn ratio was greater than 1.00 for 87% of the patients, which is an indicator of an inflammatory state. All patients with hypozincemia and hypocupremia had deficient Zn intake, but only 65% of the patients with hypercupremia had dietary Zn deficiency. Consequently, the Cu/Zn ratio could indicate an inflammatory state and a high risk of zinc deficiency in this specific child population.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Enrique Barrado
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Science Faculty, Valladolid University, Campus Miguel Delibes, Calle Paseo de Belén, 7, 47011 Valladolid, Spain;
| | | | | | | | - José Manuel Marugán-Miguelsanz
- Department of Pediatrics of the Faculty of Medicine, Valladolid University,
Avenida Ramón y Cajal, 7, 47005 Valladolid, Spain;
- Section of Gastroenterology and Pediatric Nutrition, University Clinical Hospital of Valladolid, Avenida Ramón y Cajal, 3, 47003 Valladolid, Spain
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Satyavathi CT, Ambawat S, Khandelwal V, Srivastava RK. Pearl Millet: A Climate-Resilient Nutricereal for Mitigating Hidden Hunger and Provide Nutritional Security. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2021; 12:659938. [PMID: 34589092 PMCID: PMC8475763 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.659938] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2021] [Accepted: 08/03/2021] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Pearl millet [Pennisetum glaucum (L.) R. Br.] is the sixth most important cereal crop after rice, wheat, maize, barley and sorghum. It is widely grown on 30 million ha in the arid and semi-arid tropical regions of Asia and Africa, accounting for almost half of the global millet production. Climate change affects crop production by directly influencing biophysical factors such as plant and animal growth along with the various areas associated with food processing and distribution. Assessment of the effects of global climate changes on agriculture can be helpful to anticipate and adapt farming to maximize the agricultural production more effectively. Pearl millet being a climate-resilient crop is important to minimize the adverse effects of climate change and has the potential to increase income and food security of farming communities in arid regions. Pearl millet has a deep root system and can survive in a wide range of ecological conditions under water scarcity. It has high photosynthetic efficiency with an excellent productivity and growth in low nutrient soil conditions and is less reliant on chemical fertilizers. These attributes have made it a crop of choice for cultivation in arid and semi-arid regions of the world; however, fewer efforts have been made to study the climate-resilient features of pearl millet in comparison to the other major cereals. Several hybrids and varieties of pearl millet were developed during the past 50 years in India by both the public and private sectors. Pearl millet is also nutritionally superior and rich in micronutrients such as iron and zinc and can mitigate malnutrition and hidden hunger. Inclusion of minimum standards for micronutrients-grain iron and zinc content in the cultivar release policy-is the first of its kind step taken in pearl millet anywhere in the world, which can lead toward enhanced food and nutritional security. The availability of high-quality whole-genome sequencing and re-sequencing information of several lines may aid genomic dissection of stress tolerance and provide a good opportunity to further exploit the nutritional and climate-resilient attributes of pearl millet. Hence, more efforts should be put into its genetic enhancement and improvement in inheritance to exploit it in a better way. Thus, pearl millet is the next-generation crop holding the potential of nutritional richness and the climate resilience and efforts must be targeted to develop nutritionally dense hybrids/varieties tolerant to drought using different omics approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- C. Tara Satyavathi
- Indian Council of Agricultural Research - All India Coordinated Research Project on Pearl Millet, Jodhpur, India
| | - Supriya Ambawat
- Indian Council of Agricultural Research - All India Coordinated Research Project on Pearl Millet, Jodhpur, India
| | - Vikas Khandelwal
- Indian Council of Agricultural Research - All India Coordinated Research Project on Pearl Millet, Jodhpur, India
| | - Rakesh K. Srivastava
- Department of Molecular Breeding (Genomics Trait Discovery), International Crops Research Institute for Semi-arid Tropics, Patancheru, India
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Massih YN, Hall AG, Suh J, King JC. Zinc Supplements Taken with Food Increase Essential Fatty Acid Desaturation Indices in Adult Men Compared with Zinc Taken in the Fasted State. J Nutr 2021; 151:2583-2589. [PMID: 34236435 DOI: 10.1093/jn/nxab149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2020] [Revised: 02/10/2021] [Accepted: 04/26/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Zinc intake is associated with reduced risk of metabolic disease in adults, possibly due in part to zinc's role in essential fatty acid (EFA) desaturation. Although plasma zinc is the accepted indicator of zinc status, product-to-precursor activity indices of fatty acid desaturase (FADS) 1 and 2 have also been proposed as response indicators for changes in zinc intake. OBJECTIVES To examine zinc supplement effects on plasma zinc concentration (PZC) and estimated FADS 1 and 2 activities, when zinc supplements are taken with food compared with fasted. METHODS Apparently healthy adult men were randomly allocated to take 25 mg zinc as zinc gluconate either in the fasted state 30 min before breakfast [zinc before breakfast (ZBB)] or with breakfast [zinc with breakfast (ZWB)] daily for 13 d. Fasting PZC was measured by inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry. Selected EFAs for FADS activity indices were measured by LC-MS/MS at study baseline and end. RESULTS A total of 35 men completed the study (ZBB, n = 18; ZWB, n = 17). Mean ± SEM PZC was 86.2 ± 1.64 μg/dL at baseline. After 2 wk of zinc supplementation, the PZCs were 18% higher in the ZBB compared with the ZWB groups (105 ± 5.88 compared with 88.7 ± 2.36 μg/dL, P = < 0.05). However, the geometric mean (95% CI) FADS1 activity indices were 15% higher in the ZWB than the ZBB participants, 6.45 (5.84, 7.13) compared with 5.57 (5.05, 6.14), P < 0.05. CONCLUSIONS These data demonstrate a lack of congruence between the effects of zinc supplements on PZC and EFA metabolism in response to whether a zinc supplement is taken with or without food. Additional research is needed to determine how absorbed zinc may be directed differently toward metabolic processes, when coabsorbed with food. This trial was registered at clinicaltrials.gov as NCT03619421.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasaman N Massih
- Children's Hospital Oakland Research Institute, UCSF Benioff Children's Hospital Oakland, Oakland, CA, USA.,Department of Nutritional Sciences & Toxicology, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Andrew G Hall
- Children's Hospital Oakland Research Institute, UCSF Benioff Children's Hospital Oakland, Oakland, CA, USA.,Department of Nutritional Sciences & Toxicology, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Jung Suh
- Children's Hospital Oakland Research Institute, UCSF Benioff Children's Hospital Oakland, Oakland, CA, USA
| | - Janet C King
- Children's Hospital Oakland Research Institute, UCSF Benioff Children's Hospital Oakland, Oakland, CA, USA.,Department of Nutritional Sciences & Toxicology, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA
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Tessitore M, Sorrentino E, Schiano Di Cola G, Colucci A, Vajro P, Mandato C. Malnutrition in Pediatric Chronic Cholestatic Disease: An Up-to-Date Overview. Nutrients 2021; 13:2785. [PMID: 34444944 PMCID: PMC8400766 DOI: 10.3390/nu13082785] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2021] [Revised: 08/08/2021] [Accepted: 08/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite recent advances, the causes of and effective therapies for pediatric chronic cholestatic diseases remain elusive, and many patients progress to liver failure and need liver transplantation. Malnutrition is a common complication in these patients and is a well-recognized, tremendous challenge for the clinician. We undertook a narrative review of both recent and relevant older literature, published during the last 20 years, for studies linking nutrition to pediatric chronic cholestasis. The collected data confirm that malnutrition and failure to thrive are associated with increased risks of morbidity and mortality, and they also affect the outcomes of liver transplantation, including long-term survival. Malnutrition in children with chronic liver disease is multifactorial and with multiple potential nutritional deficiencies. To improve life expectancy and the quality of life, patients require careful assessments and appropriate management of their nutritional statuses by multidisciplinary teams, which can identify and/or prevent specific deficiencies and initiate appropriate interventions. Solutions available for the clinical management of these children in general, as well as those directed to specific etiologies, are summarized. We particularly focus on fat-soluble vitamin deficiency and malnutrition due to fat malabsorption. Supplemental feeding, including medium-chain triglycerides, essential fatty acids, branched-chain amino acids, and the extra calories needed to overcome the consequences of anorexia and high energy requirements, is reviewed. Future studies should address the need for further improving commercially available and nutritionally complete infant milk formulae for the dietary management of this fragile category of patients. The aid of a specialist dietitian, educational training regarding nutritional guidelines for stakeholders, and improving family nutritional health literacy appear essential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Tessitore
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry “Scuola Medica Salernitana”, Chair of Pediatrics and Residency Program of Pediatrics, Via S. Allende, University of Salerno, 84081 Baronissi, SA, Italy; (M.T.); (E.S.); (G.S.D.C.); (A.C.); (P.V.)
| | - Eduardo Sorrentino
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry “Scuola Medica Salernitana”, Chair of Pediatrics and Residency Program of Pediatrics, Via S. Allende, University of Salerno, 84081 Baronissi, SA, Italy; (M.T.); (E.S.); (G.S.D.C.); (A.C.); (P.V.)
| | - Giuseppe Schiano Di Cola
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry “Scuola Medica Salernitana”, Chair of Pediatrics and Residency Program of Pediatrics, Via S. Allende, University of Salerno, 84081 Baronissi, SA, Italy; (M.T.); (E.S.); (G.S.D.C.); (A.C.); (P.V.)
| | - Angelo Colucci
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry “Scuola Medica Salernitana”, Chair of Pediatrics and Residency Program of Pediatrics, Via S. Allende, University of Salerno, 84081 Baronissi, SA, Italy; (M.T.); (E.S.); (G.S.D.C.); (A.C.); (P.V.)
| | - Pietro Vajro
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry “Scuola Medica Salernitana”, Chair of Pediatrics and Residency Program of Pediatrics, Via S. Allende, University of Salerno, 84081 Baronissi, SA, Italy; (M.T.); (E.S.); (G.S.D.C.); (A.C.); (P.V.)
| | - Claudia Mandato
- Department of Pediatrics, Santobono-Pausilipon Children’s Hospital Via M. Fiore, 80129 Naples, Italy
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Pullakhandam R, Agrawal PK, Peter R, Ghosh S, Reddy GB, Kulkarni B, Thomas T, Kurpad AV, Sachdev HS, Porwal A, Khan N, Ramesh S, Acharya R, Sarna A, Kapil U, Rajkumar H, De Wagt A, Deb S, Johnston R. Prevalence of low serum zinc concentrations in Indian children and adolescents: findings from the Comprehensive National Nutrition Survey 2016-18. Am J Clin Nutr 2021; 114:638-648. [PMID: 33831945 DOI: 10.1093/ajcn/nqab066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2020] [Accepted: 02/19/2021] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND It is thought that there is a high risk of zinc deficiency in India, but there are no representative national estimates. OBJECTIVES We aimed to evaluate the national and state-level prevalence of low serum zinc concentrations (SZCs) in Indian children from the nationally representative Comprehensive National Nutrition Survey. METHODS Prevalence of low SZC, adjusted for C-reactive protein, was estimated among preschool (1-4 y; n = 7874) and school-age children (5-9 y; n = 10,430) and adolescents (10-19 y; n = 10,140), using SZC cutoffs defined by the International Zinc Nutrition Consultative Group. RESULTS Prevalence of low SZC was high among adolescents (31.1%; 95% CI: 29.8%, 32.4%), compared with school-age (15.8%; 95% CI: 15.3%, 16.3%) or preschool children (17.4%; 95% CI: 16.7%, 18.0%). However, stratification of prevalence by fasting status or using an alternative lower SZC cutoff independent of fasting status led to a reduction in prevalence by 3.7% or 7.8% in children <10 y, respectively. The prevalence of low SZC was higher among rural preschool children, those belonging to households with poor socioeconomic status, and those with severe stunting or underweight. Preschool children with diarrhea (22.6%; 95% CI: 20.8%, 24.4%), productive cough (22.7%; 95% CI: 18.5%, 27.5%), or malaria/dengue (38.5%; 95% CI: 29.4%, 48.2%) in the 2 wk preceding the survey had a higher prevalence of low SZC than those without morbidity (16.5%; 95% CI: 15.9%, 17.2%; 17.6%; 95% CI: 16.9%, 18.2%; and 17.5%; 95% CI: 16.8%, 18.1%, respectively). CONCLUSIONS The national prevalence of low SZC among preschool (17%) or school-age children (16%) was <20%, which is considered the cutoff indicating a problem of public health significance; but there were variations by state and socioeconomic status. In adolescents, however, the prevalence of low SZC was 31%, which warrants further investigation. The association of low SZC with diarrhea in preschool children necessitates better coverage of Zn administration in the management of diarrhea.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Rajini Peter
- ICMR-National Institute of Nutrition, Hyderabad, India
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Umesh Kapil
- Department of Human Nutrition, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | | | | | - Sila Deb
- Ministry of Health and Family Welfare, New Delhi, India
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Mazzoni BP, Lessa BV, Zamberlan P. METABOLIC AND NUTRITIONAL REPERCUSSIONS OF LIVER DISEASE ON CHILDREN: HOW TO MINIMIZE THEM? ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2021; 40:e2020149. [PMID: 34076201 PMCID: PMC8240628 DOI: 10.1590/1984-0462/2022/40/2020149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2020] [Accepted: 09/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Objective: To describe the metabolic and nutritional repercussions of chronic liver disease (CLD), proposing strategies that optimize nutritional therapy in the pre- and post-liver transplantation (LT) period, in order to promote favorable clinical outcomes and adequate growth and development, respectively. Data sources: Bibliographic search in the PubMed, Lilacs and SciELO databases of the last 12 years, in English and Portuguese; target population: children from early childhood to adolescence; keywords in Portuguese and their correlates in English: “Liver Transplant,” “Biliary Atresia,” “Nutrition Therapy,” “Nutritional Status,” and “Child”; in addition to Boolean logics “and” and “or,” and the manual search of articles. Data synthesis: Malnutrition in children with CLD is a very common condition and an important risk factor for morbidity and mortality. There is an increase in energy and protein demand, as well as difficulties in the absorption of carbohydrates, lipids and micronutrients such as fat-soluble vitamins and some minerals. An increase in the supply of energy, carbohydrates and proteins and micronutrients, especially fat-soluble vitamins, iron, zinc and calcium, is suggested, except in cases of hepatic encephalopathy (this restriction is indicated for a short period). Conclusions: Based on metabolic changes and anthropometric and body composition monitoring, a treatment plan should be developed, following the nutritional recommendations available, in order to minimize the negative impact of malnutrition on clinical outcomes during and after LT.
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Duarte GBS, Callou KRDA, Almondes KGDS, Rogero MM, Pollak DF, Cozzolino SMF. Evaluation of biomarkers related to zinc nutritional status, antioxidant activity and oxidative stress in rheumatoid arthritis patients. Nutr Health 2021; 28:257-264. [PMID: 34006137 DOI: 10.1177/02601060211015594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Oxidative stress (OS) is an important process related to the pathophysiology of rheumatoid arthritis and can be increased by the low intake of antioxidants. Zinc (Zn) is an important antioxidant trace-element for human health and the assessment of the nutritional status of this micronutrient in these patients is of relevance. AIM This study aimed to evaluate Zn nutritional status in rheumatoid arthritis patients and its relation to OS. METHODS A case-control study was carried out with 51 patients diagnosed with rheumatoid arthritis (RA group) recruited in Hospital São Paulo (São Paulo, Brazil) and 55 healthy women (CO group) from the campus of the University of São Paulo. Blood and 24-hour urine collection were used for biochemical parameters related to Zn status and OS. The assessment of dietary Zn was performed by three 24-hour dietary recalls. RESULTS The RA group presented significative low Zn intake (p < 0.001) and plasma concentration (p = 0.040) of this mineral compared to the CO group. However, both groups were Zn deficient and the disease activity (DAS28 score) for RA patients did not influence Zn biomarkers. In addition, the antioxidant enzymes (superoxide dismutase and glutathione peroxidase) activity and the urinary 8-isoprostanes were reduced in RA patients. CONCLUSION The evaluation of dietary intake and biochemical biomarkers indicates that rheumatoid arthritis patients are zinc deficient and have increased OS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Graziela Biude Silva Duarte
- Department of Food and Experimental Nutrition, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Science, University of São Paulo, Butantã, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Kátia Rau de Almeida Callou
- Department of Food and Experimental Nutrition, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Science, University of São Paulo, Butantã, São Paulo, Brazil.,Department of Nutrition, 123204Federal University of Paraíba, João Pessoa, Paraíba, Brazil
| | | | - Marcelo Macedo Rogero
- Department of Food and Experimental Nutrition, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Science, University of São Paulo, Butantã, São Paulo, Brazil.,Department of Nutrition, 123204Federal University of Paraíba, João Pessoa, Paraíba, Brazil
| | - Daniel Feldman Pollak
- Department of Rheumatology, Faculty of Medicine, 123204Federal University of São Paulo, Vila Clementino, São Paulo, Brazil
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Escobedo-Monge MF, Torres-Hinojal MC, Barrado E, Escobedo-Monge MA, Marugán-Miguelsanz JM. Zinc Nutritional Status in a Series of Children with Chronic Diseases: A Cross-Sectional Study. Nutrients 2021; 13:1121. [PMID: 33805416 PMCID: PMC8066817 DOI: 10.3390/nu13041121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2021] [Revised: 03/17/2021] [Accepted: 03/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Zinc is an essential trace element for the normal growth and development of human beings. The main objective was to evaluate the nutritional status of zinc and its association with nutritional indicators in a series of children with chronic diseases. METHODS The prevalence of patients with dietary zinc deficiency or deficit zinc intake (<80% DRI: dietary reference intake) was analyzed through prospective 72 h dietary surveys, and serum zinc deficiency or hypozincemia (≤70 µg/dL in children under 10 years of age in both sexes and in females older than 10 years and <74 μg/dL in males older than 10 years) was measured through atomic absorption spectrophotometry. The participants were classified according to their nutritional status by body mass index (BMI). RESULTS Mean serum zinc level in obese (87 µg/dL), undernourished (85 µg/dL), and eutrophic children (88 µg/dL) were normal, but in the undernutrition (60% DRI) and eutrophic (67% DRI) groups the mean dietary zinc intake was low compared to that in the obesity group (81% DRI). There were different associations between nutritional parameters, dietary zinc intake, and serum zinc. All patients with hypozincemia had dietary zinc deficiency. CONCLUSIONS In the whole series, 69% of participants showed a zinc intake lower than recommended and might be at high risk of zinc deficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Enrique Barrado
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Science Faculty, University of Valladolid, Campus Miguel Delibes, Calle Paseo de Belén, 7, 47011 Valladolid, Spain;
| | | | - José Manuel Marugán-Miguelsanz
- Department of Pediatrics of the Faculty of Medicine, Valladolid University, Section of Gastroenterology and Pediatric Nutrition, University Clinical Hospital of Valladolid, Avenida Ramón y Cajal, 7, 47005 Valladolid, Spain;
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Mathuthu E, Janse van Rensburg A, Du Plessis D, Mason S. EDTA as a chelating agent in quantitative 1H-NMR of biologically important ions. Biochem Cell Biol 2021; 99:465-475. [PMID: 33449856 DOI: 10.1139/bcb-2020-0543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Biologically important ions such as Ca, K, Mg, Fe, and Zn play major roles in numerous biological processes, and their homeostatic balance is necessary for the maintenance of cellular activities. Sudden and severe loss in homeostasis of just one biologically important ion can cause a cascade of negative effects. The ability to quickly, accurately, and reliably quantify biologically important ions in samples of human bio-fluids is something that has been sorely lacking within the field of metabolomics. 1H-NMR spectra. The foundation of our investigation was the a-priori knowledge that free ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) produces two clear single peaks on 1H-NMR spectra, and that EDTA chelated to different ions produces unique 1H-NMR spectral patterns due to 3D conformational changes in the chemical structure of chelated-EDTA and varying degrees of electronegativity. The aim of this study was to develop and test a 1H-NMR-based method, with application specifically to the field of metabolomics, to quantify biologically important ions within the physiological pH range of 6.50-7.50 using EDTA as a chelating agent. Our method produced linear, accurate, precise, and repeatable results for Ca, Mg, and Zn; however, K and Fe did not chelate with EDTA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emmanuel Mathuthu
- Human Metabolomics, Faculty of Natural and Agricultural Sciences, North-West University, Potchefstroom, South Africa.,Human Metabolomics, Faculty of Natural and Agricultural Sciences, North-West University, Potchefstroom, South Africa
| | - Angelique Janse van Rensburg
- Human Metabolomics, Faculty of Natural and Agricultural Sciences, North-West University, Potchefstroom, South Africa.,Human Metabolomics, Faculty of Natural and Agricultural Sciences, North-West University, Potchefstroom, South Africa
| | - Dean Du Plessis
- Human Metabolomics, Faculty of Natural and Agricultural Sciences, North-West University, Potchefstroom, South Africa.,Human Metabolomics, Faculty of Natural and Agricultural Sciences, North-West University, Potchefstroom, South Africa
| | - Shayne Mason
- Human Metabolomics, Faculty of Natural and Agricultural Sciences, North-West University, Potchefstroom, South Africa.,Human Metabolomics, Faculty of Natural and Agricultural Sciences, North-West University, Potchefstroom, South Africa
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Arentz S, Hunter J, Yang G, Goldenberg J, Beardsley J, Myers SP, Mertz D, Leeder S. Zinc for the prevention and treatment of SARS-CoV-2 and other acute viral respiratory infections: a rapid review. ADVANCES IN INTEGRATIVE MEDICINE 2020; 7:252-260. [PMID: 32837895 PMCID: PMC7395818 DOI: 10.1016/j.aimed.2020.07.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The global COVID-19 pandemic has prompted an urgent search for interventions to prevent and treat SARS-CoV-2. Higher risk of infection and adverse outcomes coincide with populations with chronic diseases and elderly who are at risk of zinc deficiency. Through several mechanisms zinc may prevent, reduce severity and duration of symptoms. METHOD An a priori protocol was registered with PROSPERO on 27th April 2020 (CRD42020182044). Eight databases (one Chinese) and four clinical trial registries (one Chinese) were searched for randomised and quasi-randomised controlled trials (RCTs), evaluating single or adjunct zinc against placebo or active controls, for prevention and/or treatment of SARS-CoV-2, other coronaviruses or related infections. RR constraints included not searching bibliographies or contacting authors, single reviewers with calibration and second reviewer checking, meta-analyses and quality appraisal of critical and study primary outcomes only and reporting results as they became available. RESULTS 118 publications of 1,627 records met the inclusion criteria (35 Chinese and 83 English publications), 32 for prevention, 78 for treatment and 8 for both. Four RCTs specific to SARS-CoV-2 are ongoing; two are investigating zinc for prevention and two for treatment. As of 7 July 2020, no results were available. A wide range of zinc forms, including nasal spray/gel, lozenges, liquid, tablets and intramuscular were investigated. CONCLUSION Currently, indirect evidence suggests zinc may potentially reduce the risk, duration and severity of SARS-CoV-2 infections, particularly for populations at risk of zinc deficiency including people with chronic disease co-morbidities and older adults. Direct evidence to determine if zinc is effective for either prevention or treatment of SARS-CoV-2 is pending. In the interim, assessing zinc status of people with chronic diseases and older adults, as part of a SARS-CoV-2 clinical work-up, is reasonable as both groups have a higher risk of zinc deficiency/insufficiency and poorer outcomes from SARS-CoV-2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susan Arentz
- NICM Health Research Institute, Western Sydney University, Penrith, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Jennifer Hunter
- NICM Health Research Institute, Western Sydney University, Penrith, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Guoyan Yang
- NICM Health Research Institute, Western Sydney University, Penrith, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Joshua Goldenberg
- Helfgott Research Institute, National University of Natural Medicine, Portland, Oregon, United States
| | - Jennifer Beardsley
- NICM Health Research Institute, Western Sydney University, Penrith, New South Wales, Australia
- Helfgott Research Institute, National University of Natural Medicine, Portland, Oregon, United States
| | - Stephen P Myers
- NICM Health Research Institute, Western Sydney University, Penrith, New South Wales, Australia
- NatMed Research Unit, Division of Research, Southern Cross University, Lismore, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Dominik Mertz
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Stephen Leeder
- Menzies Centre for Health Policy, Sydney School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
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Grüngreiff K, Gottstein T, Reinhold D. Zinc Deficiency-An Independent Risk Factor in the Pathogenesis of Haemorrhagic Stroke? Nutrients 2020; 12:E3548. [PMID: 33228216 PMCID: PMC7699494 DOI: 10.3390/nu12113548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2020] [Revised: 11/03/2020] [Accepted: 11/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Zinc is an essential trace element for human health and plays a fundamental role in metabolic, immunological and many other biological processes. The effects of zinc are based on the intra- and extracellular regulatory function of the zinc ion (Zn2+) and its interactions with proteins. The regulation of cellular zinc homeostasis takes place via a complex network of metal transporters and buffering systems that react to changes in the availability of zinc in nutrition, chronic diseases, infections and many other processes. Zinc deficiency is associated with impairment of numerous metabolic processes, reduced resistance to infections due to impaired immune functions, changes in skin and its appendages and disorders of wound healing and haemostasis. While ischemic heart attacks (myocardial infarction) occur more frequently with meat-based normal diets, haemorrhagic strokes are more frequently observed with vegetarian/vegan diets. The causes are discussed as deficiencies of various micronutrients, such as vitamin B12, vitamin D, various amino acids and also zinc. In the present review, after a description of the functions of zinc and its resorption, a discussion of daily food intake will follow, with a special focus on the importance of food composition and preparation for the zinc balance. The close interrelationships between proteins, especially albumin and zinc will be discussed. Finally, the possible causes and consequences of a zinc deficiency on the blood vessels and blood coagulation are considered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kurt Grüngreiff
- Clinic of Gastroenterology, City Hospital Magdeburg GmbH, 39130 Magdeburg, Germany;
| | - Thomas Gottstein
- Clinic of Gastroenterology, City Hospital Magdeburg GmbH, 39130 Magdeburg, Germany;
| | - Dirk Reinhold
- Institute of Molecular and Clinical Immunology, Otto-von-Guericke University, 39120 Magdeburg, Germany;
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Yokokawa H, Fukuda H, Saita M, Miyagami T, Takahashi Y, Hisaoka T, Naito T. Serum zinc concentrations and characteristics of zinc deficiency/marginal deficiency among Japanese subjects. J Gen Fam Med 2020; 21:248-255. [PMID: 33304719 PMCID: PMC7689236 DOI: 10.1002/jgf2.377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2020] [Revised: 08/24/2020] [Accepted: 08/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Studies that have examined serum zinc deficiency/marginal deficiency in developed countries, including Japan, are still limited. The aim of this study was to assess serum zinc concentrations and associated characteristics among Japanese subjects. METHODS This cross-sectional study, conducted from September 2016 to December 2018, included 2056 eligible subjects who participated in a voluntary health checkup. Serum zinc concentration categories were defined as deficiency (<60 μg/dL), marginal deficiency (≥60 to <80 μg/dL), and normal (≥80 μg/dL). Serum zinc concentrations were compared between the first age category (<40 years) and other age categories with Dunnett's method. Trends in P-values were estimated using the Jonckheere-Terpstra test for continuous variables. RESULTS The proportions of subjects with deficiency and marginal deficiency were 0.4% and 46.0% in men, and 0.6% and 38.4% in women, respectively. The deficiency/marginal deficiency group had significantly lower lipid profiles and nutritional status, and a significantly lower proportion were non-daily drinkers in both genders. Older age was significantly associated with lower serum zinc concentration only in men. CONCLUSIONS Our findings clarified a high proportion of serum zinc deficiency/marginal deficiency, especially in men, and suggest a possible association between serum zinc levels and nutritional status and alcohol consumption. It may be necessary to manage nutritional status, including zinc intake.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hirohide Yokokawa
- Department of General MedicineJuntendo University School of MedicineTokyoJapan
| | - Hiroshi Fukuda
- Department of General MedicineJuntendo University School of MedicineTokyoJapan
| | - Mizue Saita
- Department of General MedicineJuntendo University School of MedicineTokyoJapan
| | - Taiju Miyagami
- Department of General MedicineJuntendo University School of MedicineTokyoJapan
| | - Yuichi Takahashi
- Department of General MedicineJuntendo University School of MedicineTokyoJapan
| | - Teruhiko Hisaoka
- Department of General MedicineJuntendo University School of MedicineTokyoJapan
| | - Toshio Naito
- Department of General MedicineJuntendo University School of MedicineTokyoJapan
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Eissa MA, Abdulghani KO, Nada MA, Elkhawas HM, Shouman AE, Ahmed NS. Serum zinc and copper levels in a sample of Egyptian epileptic children. THE EGYPTIAN JOURNAL OF NEUROLOGY, PSYCHIATRY AND NEUROSURGERY 2020. [DOI: 10.1186/s41983-020-00210-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
Epilepsy is among the most common disabling neurological disorders among children. Altered serum levels of zinc and copper may facilitate seizure occurrence and repetition, and antiepileptic drugs may disturb their serum levels affecting disease control and outcome.
Objective
To investigate the association between serum levels of zinc and copper and epilepsy and antiepileptic treatment in a group of Egyptian epileptic children.
Methods
Case-control study on 100 epileptic patients, aged from 2 to 16 years, from neurology outpatient clinic and 50 apparently healthy children with matched age and sex. Venous samples were withdrawn from patients and controls then serum levels of zinc and copper were measured with graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrometer-A Analyst 800.
Results
Serum zinc level of patients’ group was significantly lower than that of controls with a mean of 59.1 μ/dL ± 22.7 and 85 μ/dL ± 22.2, respectively (P < 0.01). Serum zinc level of patients with history of febrile seizures was significantly decreased compared to patients without history of febrile seizures with a mean of 41.5 μ/dL ± 20.1 and 67.9 μ/dL ± 19.3, respectively (P < 0.01). Patient on carbamazepine intake showed significantly lower zinc serum level than patients without carbamazepine intake, with a mean of 49.0 μ/dL ± 17 and 61.8 μ/dL ± 23.4, respectively (P < 0.01). A significant negative correlation was noted between the duration of illness of epilepsy and the mean copper serum level (P < 0.05).
Conclusion
Zinc and copper altered homeostasis have mounting evidence about their role in the pathogenesis of epilepsy. Designing treatment plans that selectively restore zinc and copper normal levels may be a beneficial strategy in the future.
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Bevis LEM, Hestrin R. Variation in crop zinc concentration influences estimates of dietary Zn inadequacy. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0234770. [PMID: 32645004 PMCID: PMC7347138 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0234770] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2019] [Accepted: 06/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Zinc (Zn) deficiency is one of the most common micronutrient deficiencies worldwide. Accurate estimates of Zn intake would facilitate the design and implementation of effective nutritional interventions. OBJECTIVE We sought to improve estimates of dietary Zn intake by evaluating staple crop Zn content and dietary Zn consumption by children under the age of 5 in 9 rural districts of Uganda. METHODS We measured the Zn content of 581 crop samples from household farms and 167 crop samples from nearby markets, and administered food frequency questionnaires to the primary caretakers of 237 children. We estimated Zn consumption using 3 sources of crop Zn content: (i) the HarvestPlus food composition table (FCT) for Uganda, (ii) measurements from household crops, and (iii) measurements from market crops. RESULTS The Zn content of staple crops varied widely, resulting in significantly different estimates of dietary Zn intake. 41% of children appeared to be at risk when estimates were based on market-sampled crops, 23% appeared at risk when estimates were based on the HarvestPlus FCT, and 16% appeared at risk when estimates were based on samples from household farms. CONCLUSION The use of FCTs to calculate Zn intake overestimated the risk of dietary inadequacy for children who primarily consumed staple crops that were produced on household farms, but underestimated the risk for children who primarily consumed staple crops that were purchased at market. More information on the Zn content of staple crops in developing countries could lead to more accurate estimates of dietary intake and associated deficiencies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leah E. M. Bevis
- Department of Agricultural, Environmental and Development Economics, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Rachel Hestrin
- Soil and Crop Sciences, School of Integrative Plant Science, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, United States of America
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Han Q, Guo Y, Zhang B, Nie W. Effects of Dietary Zinc on Performance, Zinc Transporters Expression, and Immune Response of Aged Laying Hens. Biol Trace Elem Res 2020; 196:231-242. [PMID: 31773485 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-019-01916-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2019] [Accepted: 09/20/2019] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
This study was to investigate the effects of dietary zinc (Zn) supplementation on performance, zinc transporter gene expression, and immune function in aged laying hens. In experiment 1, twenty 31-week-old hens (young) and twenty 60-week-old hens (old) with the same genetic background were fed with the same diet for 4 weeks. In experiment 2, a basal diet supplemented with zinc sulfate (ZnS) and zinc glycine chelate (ZnG) at 30, 60, 90, and 120 mg Zn/kg to constitute nine experimental diets. Eight hundred and ten 60-week-old layers were distributed in a completely randomized experimental design with 9 treatments, 6 replicates of 15 birds each, and birds were fed for 10 weeks. In experiment 1, results showed that zinc and metallothionein (MT) concentration in the shell gland of old hens was significantly lower than young layers (P < 0.05). Zinc transporters ZnT1, 4, 5, 6, and 7 messenger RNA (mRNA) abundance in old layers were significantly lower versus the young (P < 0.05). In experiment 2, results indicated that dietary zinc supplementation did not significantly affect the laying rate, average feed intake, egg weight, feed conversion efficiency, broken egg rate, or mortality (P > 0.05). Supplemental ZnG significantly improved eggshell breaking strength than ZnS, with a higher alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity and more abundant ZnT4 expression in shell gland versus ZnS (P < 0.05). ZnG supplementation at 90 mg Zn/kg affected the duodenal mucus by significantly increasing ZnT1, 6, 7, ZIP13, and MT-4 mRNA level (P < 0.05). Zinc level significantly increased bovine serum albumin (BSA) antibody concentration on 14 day after BSA injection (P < 0.05). Supplementation of ZnG improved eggshell quality of aged layers by upgrading zinc transporter expression in the shell gland and intestine also enhanced humoral immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiqi Han
- The State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuming Guo
- The State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, People's Republic of China
| | - Bingkun Zhang
- The State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei Nie
- The State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, People's Republic of China.
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Pre-dialysis serum creatinine as an independent predictor of responsiveness to zinc supplementation among patients on hemodialysis. Clin Exp Nephrol 2020; 24:955-962. [PMID: 32557260 DOI: 10.1007/s10157-020-01911-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2020] [Accepted: 06/01/2020] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND To investigate whether pre-dialysis level of serum creatinine (SCre) could indicate the responsiveness to zinc supplementation of patients on maintenance hemodialysis (MHD). METHODS We retrospectively reviewed the results of our previous randomized study of 91 patients who had been on MHD and received zinc supplementation with either zinc acetate hydrate (ZAH; zinc, 50 mg/day) or polaprezinc (PPZ; zinc, 34 mg/day). A late response to zinc supplementation was defined as a serum zinc level of < 80 μg/dL three months after the study began. Patients were divided into two groups: late response (serum zinc level < 80 μg/dL) and early response (serum zinc level ≥ 80 μg/dL). Factors independently associated with a late response to zinc supplementation were determined using inverse probability of treatment weighting (IPTW) multivariate logistic analysis. RESULTS Of 91 patients, 86 continued to receive zinc supplementation after three months. The mean pre-dialysis SCre level was 10.0 mg/dL. The number of patients with a late response and response to zinc supplementation was 32 and 54, respectively. There was a significant negative correlation between the pre-dialysis SCre and the Δserum zinc change for 3 months. (r = - 0.284, P = 0.008). IPTW multivariate analysis showed that a pre-dialysis SCre level ≥ 10.0 mg/dL (odds ratio, 3.71; 95% confidence interval; 1.24-11.1, P = 0.022) was an independent factor associated with a late response to zinc supplementation. CONCLUSIONS Pre-dialysis SCre level was independently associated with responsiveness to zinc supplementation after three months in patients on MHD.
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Syam A, Sari NP, Thaha AR, Suriah, Jafar N, Salam A, Mallongi A. The effect of pumpkin seed flour (Cucurbita moschata Durch) on zinc serum levels in malnourished Wistar rats. ENFERMERIA CLINICA 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.enfcli.2019.10.095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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