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Liu P, Tang L, Li G, Wu X, Hu F, Peng W. Association between consumption of flavonol and its subclasses and chronic kidney disease in US adults: an analysis based on National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey data from 2007-2008, 2009-2010, and 2017-2018. Front Nutr 2024; 11:1399251. [PMID: 38957868 PMCID: PMC11217562 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2024.1399251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2024] [Accepted: 06/05/2024] [Indexed: 07/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Background There is little research on the relationship between flavonol consumption and chronic kidney disease (CKD). This study aimed to examine the link between flavonol consumption and the risk of CKD among US adults, using data from the 2007-2008, 2009-2010 and 2017-2018 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES). Methods A cross-sectional approach was used, drawing on data from three NHANES cycles. The flavonol consumption of the participants in this study was assessed using a 48 h dietary recall interview. CKD was diagnosed based on an estimated glomerular filtration rate below 60 mL/min/1.73 m2 or a urine albumin-to-creatinine ratio of 30 mg/g or higher. Results Compared to the lowest quartile of flavonol intake (Q1), the odds ratios for CKD were 0.598 (95% CI: 0.349, 1.023) for the second quartile (Q2), 0.679 (95% CI: 0.404, 1.142) for the third quartile (Q3), and 0.628 (95% CI: 0.395, 0.998) for the fourth quartile (Q4), with a p value for trend significance of 0.190. In addition, there was a significant trend in CKD risk with isorhamnetin intake, with the odds ratios for CKD decreasing to 0.860 (95% CI: 0.546, 1.354) in the second quartile, 0.778 (95% CI: 0.515, 1.177) in the third quartile, and 0.637 (95% CI: 0.515, 1.177) in the fourth quartile (p for trend = 0.013). Conclusion Our analysis of the NHANES data spanning 2007-2008, 2009-2010, and 2017-2018 suggests that high consumption of dietary flavonol, especially isorhamnetin, might be linked to a lower risk of CKD in US adults. These findings offer new avenues for exploring strategies for managing CKD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peijia Liu
- Department of Nephrology, Shenzhen Third People’s Hospital, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, China
| | - Leile Tang
- Department of Cardiology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Guixia Li
- Department of Nephrology, Shenzhen Third People’s Hospital, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, China
| | - Xiaoyu Wu
- Department of Nephrology, Shenzhen Third People’s Hospital, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, China
| | - Feng Hu
- Department of Nephrology, Shenzhen Third People’s Hospital, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, China
| | - Wujian Peng
- Department of Nephrology, Shenzhen Third People’s Hospital, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, China
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Komai M, Takeno D, Fujii C, Nakano J, Ohsaki Y, Shirakawa H. Nailfold Capillaroscopy: A Comprehensive Review on Its Usefulness in Both Clinical Diagnosis and Improving Unhealthy Dietary Lifestyles. Nutrients 2024; 16:1914. [PMID: 38931269 PMCID: PMC11206784 DOI: 10.3390/nu16121914] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2024] [Revised: 05/16/2024] [Accepted: 06/06/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Since the 1970s, the utility of nailfold capillaroscopy (NFC) in diagnosing rheumatological disorders such as systemic sclerosis has been well established. Further studies have also shown that NFC can detect non-rheumatic diseases such as diabetes, glaucoma, dermatitis, and Alzheimer disease. In the past decade, nailfold capillary morphological changes have also been reported as symptoms of unhealthy lifestyle habits such as poor diet, smoking, sleep deprivation, and even psychological stress, all of which contribute to slow blood flow. Therefore, studying the relationships between the morphology of nailfold capillaries and lifestyle habits has a high potential to indicate unhealthy states or even pre-disease conditions. Simple, inexpensive, and non-invasive methods such as NFC are important and useful for routine medical examinations. The present study began with a systematic literature search of the PubMed database followed by a summary of studies reporting the assessment of morphological changes detected by NFC, and a comprehensive review of NFC's utility in clinical diagnosis and improving unhealthy dietary lifestyles. It culminates in a summary of dietary and lifestyle health promotion strategy, assessed based on NFC and other related measurements that indicate healthy microvascular blood flow and endothelial function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michio Komai
- Laboratory of Nutrition, Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8572, Japan; (Y.O.); (H.S.)
| | - Dan Takeno
- At Co., Ltd., Osaka 541-0042, Japan; (D.T.); (C.F.); (J.N.)
| | - Chiharu Fujii
- At Co., Ltd., Osaka 541-0042, Japan; (D.T.); (C.F.); (J.N.)
| | - Joe Nakano
- At Co., Ltd., Osaka 541-0042, Japan; (D.T.); (C.F.); (J.N.)
| | - Yusuke Ohsaki
- Laboratory of Nutrition, Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8572, Japan; (Y.O.); (H.S.)
| | - Hitoshi Shirakawa
- Laboratory of Nutrition, Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8572, Japan; (Y.O.); (H.S.)
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Arisi TOP, da Silva DS, Stein E, Weschenfelder C, de Oliveira PC, Marcadenti A, Lehnen AM, Waclawovsky G. Effects of Cocoa Consumption on Cardiometabolic Risk Markers: Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials. Nutrients 2024; 16:1919. [PMID: 38931273 PMCID: PMC11206597 DOI: 10.3390/nu16121919] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2024] [Revised: 06/09/2024] [Accepted: 06/12/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis to examine the effect of dietary intake of cocoa on anthropometric measurements, lipid and glycemic profiles, and blood pressure levels in adults, with and without comorbidities. METHODS The databases used were MEDLINE (PubMed), EMBASE, Web of Science, Cochrane, LILACS, and SciELO. The eligible studies were randomized clinical trials (RCTs) involving adults undergoing cocoa consumption (cocoa extract or ≥70% cocoa dark chocolate) for ≥4 weeks that evaluated at least one of the following markers: body weight, body mass index (BMI), waist/abdominal circumference, total cholesterol, LDL-c, triglycerides, HDL-c, blood glucose, glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c), and systolic and diastolic blood pressure (SBP/DBP). RESULTS Thirty-one studies were included, totaling 1986 participants. Cocoa consumption showed no effects on body weight, BMI, waist circumference, triglycerides, HDL-c and HbA1c. Yet, there was a reduction in total cholesterol (-8.35 mg/dL, 95% CI -14.01; -2.69 mg/dL), LDL-c (-9.47 mg/dL, 95% CI -13.75; -5.20 mg/dL), fasting blood glucose (-4.91 mg/dL, 95% CI -8.29; -1.52 mg/dL), SBP (-2.52 mmHg, 95% CI -4.17; -0.88 mmHg), and DBP (-1.58 mmHg, 95% CI -2.54; -0.62 mmHg). CONCLUSIONS The consumption of cocoa showed protective effects on major cardiometabolic risk markers that have a clinical impact in terms of cardiovascular risk reduction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tainah O. P. Arisi
- Instituto de Cardiologia do Rio Grande do Sul/Fundação Universitária de Cardiologia, Porto Alegre 90620-001, RS, Brazil; (T.O.P.A.); (D.S.d.S.); (E.S.); (C.W.); (P.C.d.O.); (A.M.); (G.W.)
| | - Diego Silveira da Silva
- Instituto de Cardiologia do Rio Grande do Sul/Fundação Universitária de Cardiologia, Porto Alegre 90620-001, RS, Brazil; (T.O.P.A.); (D.S.d.S.); (E.S.); (C.W.); (P.C.d.O.); (A.M.); (G.W.)
| | - Elana Stein
- Instituto de Cardiologia do Rio Grande do Sul/Fundação Universitária de Cardiologia, Porto Alegre 90620-001, RS, Brazil; (T.O.P.A.); (D.S.d.S.); (E.S.); (C.W.); (P.C.d.O.); (A.M.); (G.W.)
| | - Camila Weschenfelder
- Instituto de Cardiologia do Rio Grande do Sul/Fundação Universitária de Cardiologia, Porto Alegre 90620-001, RS, Brazil; (T.O.P.A.); (D.S.d.S.); (E.S.); (C.W.); (P.C.d.O.); (A.M.); (G.W.)
| | - Patrícia Caetano de Oliveira
- Instituto de Cardiologia do Rio Grande do Sul/Fundação Universitária de Cardiologia, Porto Alegre 90620-001, RS, Brazil; (T.O.P.A.); (D.S.d.S.); (E.S.); (C.W.); (P.C.d.O.); (A.M.); (G.W.)
| | - Aline Marcadenti
- Instituto de Cardiologia do Rio Grande do Sul/Fundação Universitária de Cardiologia, Porto Alegre 90620-001, RS, Brazil; (T.O.P.A.); (D.S.d.S.); (E.S.); (C.W.); (P.C.d.O.); (A.M.); (G.W.)
- Instituto de Pesquisa Hcor (IP-Hcor), Hcor, São Paulo 04005-909, SP, Brazil
- Faculdade de Saúde Pública, Universidade de São Paulo (FSP-USP), São Paulo 01246-904, SP, Brazil
| | - Alexandre Machado Lehnen
- Instituto de Cardiologia do Rio Grande do Sul/Fundação Universitária de Cardiologia, Porto Alegre 90620-001, RS, Brazil; (T.O.P.A.); (D.S.d.S.); (E.S.); (C.W.); (P.C.d.O.); (A.M.); (G.W.)
| | - Gustavo Waclawovsky
- Instituto de Cardiologia do Rio Grande do Sul/Fundação Universitária de Cardiologia, Porto Alegre 90620-001, RS, Brazil; (T.O.P.A.); (D.S.d.S.); (E.S.); (C.W.); (P.C.d.O.); (A.M.); (G.W.)
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Norouzkhani N, Afshari S, Sadatmadani SF, Mollaqasem MM, Mosadeghi S, Ghadri H, Fazlizade S, Alizadeh K, Akbari Javar P, Amiri H, Foroughi E, Ansari A, Mousazadeh K, Davany BA, Akhtari kohnehshahri A, Alizadeh A, Dadkhah PA, Poudineh M. Therapeutic potential of berries in age-related neurological disorders. Front Pharmacol 2024; 15:1348127. [PMID: 38783949 PMCID: PMC11112503 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2024.1348127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2024] [Accepted: 04/10/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Aging significantly impacts several age-related neurological problems, such as stroke, brain tumors, oxidative stress, neurodegenerative diseases (Alzheimer's, Parkinson's, and dementia), neuroinflammation, and neurotoxicity. Current treatments for these conditions often come with side effects like hallucinations, dyskinesia, nausea, diarrhea, and gastrointestinal distress. Given the widespread availability and cultural acceptance of natural remedies, research is exploring the potential effectiveness of plants in common medicines. The ancient medical system used many botanical drugs and medicinal plants to treat a wide range of diseases, including age-related neurological problems. According to current clinical investigations, berries improve motor and cognitive functions and protect against age-related neurodegenerative diseases. Additionally, berries may influence signaling pathways critical to neurotransmission, cell survival, inflammation regulation, and neuroplasticity. The abundance of phytochemicals in berries is believed to contribute to these potentially neuroprotective effects. This review aimed to explore the potential benefits of berries as a source of natural neuroprotective agents for age-related neurological disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Narges Norouzkhani
- Department of Medical Informatics, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Shaghayegh Afshari
- Student Research Committee, School of Medicine, Shahroud University of Medical Sciences, Shahroud, Iran
| | | | | | - Shakila Mosadeghi
- Student Research Committee, School of Medicine, Shahroud University of Medical Sciences, Shahroud, Iran
| | - Hani Ghadri
- Student Research Committee, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Safa Fazlizade
- Student Research Committee, School of Medicine, Ardabil University of Medical Sciences, Ardabil, Iran
| | - Keyvan Alizadeh
- Student Research Committee, School of Medicine, Ardabil University of Medical Sciences, Ardabil, Iran
| | - Pouyan Akbari Javar
- Student Research Committee, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Science, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hamidreza Amiri
- Student Research Committee, School of Medicine, Arak University of Medical Sciences, Arak, Iran
| | - Elaheh Foroughi
- School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Arina Ansari
- Student Research Committee, School of Medicine, North Khorasan University of Medical Sciences, Bojnurd, Iran
| | - Kourosh Mousazadeh
- School of Medicine, Islamic Azad University, Tehran Medical Branch, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Ata Akhtari kohnehshahri
- Student Research Committee, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Alaleh Alizadeh
- Student Research Committee, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad Branch, Islamic Azad University, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Parisa Alsadat Dadkhah
- Student Research Committee, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Mohadeseh Poudineh
- Student Research Committee, School of Medicine, Zanjan University of Medical Sciences, Zanjan, Iran
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Jomova K, Alomar SY, Alwasel SH, Nepovimova E, Kuca K, Valko M. Several lines of antioxidant defense against oxidative stress: antioxidant enzymes, nanomaterials with multiple enzyme-mimicking activities, and low-molecular-weight antioxidants. Arch Toxicol 2024; 98:1323-1367. [PMID: 38483584 DOI: 10.1007/s00204-024-03696-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2024] [Accepted: 01/31/2024] [Indexed: 03/27/2024]
Abstract
Reactive oxygen species (ROS) and reactive nitrogen species (RNS) are well recognized for playing a dual role, since they can be either deleterious or beneficial to biological systems. An imbalance between ROS production and elimination is termed oxidative stress, a critical factor and common denominator of many chronic diseases such as cancer, cardiovascular diseases, metabolic diseases, neurological disorders (Alzheimer's and Parkinson's diseases), and other disorders. To counteract the harmful effects of ROS, organisms have evolved a complex, three-line antioxidant defense system. The first-line defense mechanism is the most efficient and involves antioxidant enzymes such as superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), and glutathione peroxidase (GPx). This line of defense plays an irreplaceable role in the dismutation of superoxide radicals (O2•-) and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2). The removal of superoxide radicals by SOD prevents the formation of the much more damaging peroxynitrite ONOO- (O2•- + NO• → ONOO-) and maintains the physiologically relevant level of nitric oxide (NO•), an important molecule in neurotransmission, inflammation, and vasodilation. The second-line antioxidant defense pathway involves exogenous diet-derived small-molecule antioxidants. The third-line antioxidant defense is ensured by the repair or removal of oxidized proteins and other biomolecules by a variety of enzyme systems. This review briefly discusses the endogenous (mitochondria, NADPH, xanthine oxidase (XO), Fenton reaction) and exogenous (e.g., smoking, radiation, drugs, pollution) sources of ROS (superoxide radical, hydrogen peroxide, hydroxyl radical, peroxyl radical, hypochlorous acid, peroxynitrite). Attention has been given to the first-line antioxidant defense system provided by SOD, CAT, and GPx. The chemical and molecular mechanisms of antioxidant enzymes, enzyme-related diseases (cancer, cardiovascular, lung, metabolic, and neurological diseases), and the role of enzymes (e.g., GPx4) in cellular processes such as ferroptosis are discussed. Potential therapeutic applications of enzyme mimics and recent progress in metal-based (copper, iron, cobalt, molybdenum, cerium) and nonmetal (carbon)-based nanomaterials with enzyme-like activities (nanozymes) are also discussed. Moreover, attention has been given to the mechanisms of action of low-molecular-weight antioxidants (vitamin C (ascorbate), vitamin E (alpha-tocopherol), carotenoids (e.g., β-carotene, lycopene, lutein), flavonoids (e.g., quercetin, anthocyanins, epicatechin), and glutathione (GSH)), the activation of transcription factors such as Nrf2, and the protection against chronic diseases. Given that there is a discrepancy between preclinical and clinical studies, approaches that may result in greater pharmacological and clinical success of low-molecular-weight antioxidant therapies are also subject to discussion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Klaudia Jomova
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Constantine The Philosopher University in Nitra, Nitra, 949 74, Slovakia
| | - Suliman Y Alomar
- Doping Research Chair, Zoology Department, College of Science, King Saud University, 11451, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Saleh H Alwasel
- Zoology Department, College of Science, King Saud University, 11451, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Eugenie Nepovimova
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, University of Hradec Kralove, 50005, Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
| | - Kamil Kuca
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, University of Hradec Kralove, 50005, Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
- Biomedical Research Center, University Hospital Hradec Kralove, Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
| | - Marian Valko
- Faculty of Chemical and Food Technology, Slovak University of Technology, 812 37, Bratislava, Slovakia.
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Alba BK, Greenfield AM, Yurkevicius BR, Jones ML, Castellani JW. Short-term cocoa bioflavanol supplementation does not improve cold-induced vasodilation in young healthy adults. Eur J Appl Physiol 2024; 124:1523-1534. [PMID: 38150009 DOI: 10.1007/s00421-023-05380-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2023] [Accepted: 11/22/2023] [Indexed: 12/28/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Cold-induced vasodilation (CIVD) is an oscillatory rise in blood flow to glabrous skin that occurs in cold-exposed extremities. Dietary flavanols increase bioavailable nitric oxide, a proposed mediator of CIVD through active vasodilation and/or withdrawal of sympathetic vascular smooth muscle tone. However, no studies have examined the effects of flavanol intake on extremity skin perfusion during cold exposure. We tested the hypothesis that acute and 8-day flavanol supplementation would augment CIVD during single-digit cold water immersion (CWI). METHODS Eleven healthy adults (24 ± 6 years; 10 M/1F) ingested cocoa flavanols (900 mg/day) or caffeine- and theobromine-matched placebo for 8 days in a double-blind, randomized, crossover design. On Days 1 and 8, CIVD was assessed 2 h post-treatment. Subjects immersed their 3rd finger in warm water (42 °C) for 15 min before CWI (4 °C) for 30 min, during which nail bed and finger pad skin temperature were measured. RESULTS Flavanol ingestion had no effect on CIVD frequency (Day 1, Flavanol: 3 ± 2 vs. Placebo: 3 ± 2; Day 8, Flavanol: 3 ± 2 vs. Placebo: 3 ± 1) or amplitude (Day 1, Flavanol: 4.3 ± 1.7 vs. Placebo: 4.9 ± 2.6 °C; Day 8, Flavanol: 3.9 ± 1.9 vs. Placebo: 3.9 ± 2.0 °C) in the finger pad following acute or 8-day supplementation (P > 0.05). Furthermore, average, nadir, and apex finger pad temperatures during CWI were not different between treatments on Days 1 or 8 of supplementation (P > 0.05). Similarly, no differences in CIVD parameters were observed in the nail bed following supplementation (P > 0.05). CONCLUSION These data suggest that cocoa flavanol ingestion does not alter finger CIVD. Clinical Trial Registration Clinicaltrials.gov Identifier: NCT04359082. April 24, 2020.
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Affiliation(s)
- Billie K Alba
- Thermal and Mountain Medicine Division, US Army Research Institute of Environmental Medicine, 10 General Greene Ave., Bldg. 42, Natick, MA, 01760, USA.
| | - Andrew M Greenfield
- Thermal and Mountain Medicine Division, US Army Research Institute of Environmental Medicine, 10 General Greene Ave., Bldg. 42, Natick, MA, 01760, USA
- Oak Ridge Institute of Science and Education, Oak Ridge, TN, USA
| | - Beau R Yurkevicius
- Thermal and Mountain Medicine Division, US Army Research Institute of Environmental Medicine, 10 General Greene Ave., Bldg. 42, Natick, MA, 01760, USA
| | - Myra L Jones
- Thermal and Mountain Medicine Division, US Army Research Institute of Environmental Medicine, 10 General Greene Ave., Bldg. 42, Natick, MA, 01760, USA
| | - John W Castellani
- Thermal and Mountain Medicine Division, US Army Research Institute of Environmental Medicine, 10 General Greene Ave., Bldg. 42, Natick, MA, 01760, USA
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7
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Ruskovska T, Postolov F, Milenkovic D. Integrated Analysis of Genomic and Genome-Wide Association Studies Identified Candidate Genes for Nutrigenetic Studies in Flavonoids and Vascular Health: Path to Precision Nutrition for (Poly)phenols. Nutrients 2024; 16:1362. [PMID: 38732608 PMCID: PMC11085427 DOI: 10.3390/nu16091362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2024] [Revised: 04/13/2024] [Accepted: 04/24/2024] [Indexed: 05/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Flavonoids exert vasculoprotective effects in humans, but interindividual variability in their action has also been reported. This study aims to identify genes that are associated with vascular health effects of flavonoids and whose polymorphisms could explain interindividual variability in response to their intake. Applying the predetermined literature search criteria, we identified five human intervention studies reporting positive effects of flavonoids on vascular function together with global genomic changes analyzed using microarray methods. Genes involved in vascular dysfunction were identified from genome-wide association studies (GWAS). By extracting data from the eligible human intervention studies, we obtained 5807 differentially expressed genes (DEGs). The number of identified upstream regulators (URs) varied across the studies, from 227 to 1407. The search of the GWAS Catalog revealed 493 genes associated with vascular dysfunction. An integrative analysis of transcriptomic data with GWAS genes identified 106 candidate DEGs and 42 candidate URs, while subsequent functional analyses and a search of the literature identified 20 top priority candidate genes: ALDH2, APOE, CAPZA1, CYP11B2, GNA13, IL6, IRF5, LDLR, LPL, LSP1, MKNK1, MMP3, MTHFR, MYO6, NCR3, PPARG, SARM1, TCF20, TCF7L2, and TNF. In conclusion, this integrated analysis identifies important genes to design future nutrigenetic studies for development of precision nutrition for polyphenols.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tatjana Ruskovska
- Faculty of Medical Sciences, Goce Delcev University, 2000 Stip, North Macedonia; (T.R.); (F.P.)
| | - Filip Postolov
- Faculty of Medical Sciences, Goce Delcev University, 2000 Stip, North Macedonia; (T.R.); (F.P.)
| | - Dragan Milenkovic
- Department of Nutrition, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA
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8
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Mohammadi N, Farrell M, O'Sullivan L, Langan A, Franchin M, Azevedo L, Granato D. Effectiveness of anthocyanin-containing foods and nutraceuticals in mitigating oxidative stress, inflammation, and cardiovascular health-related biomarkers: a systematic review of animal and human interventions. Food Funct 2024; 15:3274-3299. [PMID: 38482946 DOI: 10.1039/d3fo04579j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/04/2024]
Abstract
Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) are a group of chronic health disorders prevalent worldwide that claim millions of lives yearly. Inflammation and oxidative stress are intricately associated with myocardial tissue damage, endothelial dysfunction, and increased odds of heart failure. Thus, dietary strategies aimed at decreasing the odds of CVDs are paramount. In this regard, the consumption of anthocyanins, natural pigments found in edible flowers, fruits, and vegetables, has attracted attention due to their potential to promote cardiovascular health. The main mechanisms of action linked with their protective effects on antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities, serum lipid profile modulation, and other cardiovascular health parameters are explained and exemplified. However, little is known about the dose-dependency nature of the effects, which anthocyanin has better efficiency, and whether anthocyanin-containing foods display better in vivo efficacy than nutraceuticals (i.e., concentrated extracts containing higher levels of anthocyanins than foods). Thus, this systematic review focused on determining the effects of anthocyanin-containing foods and nutraceuticals on biomarkers associated with CVDs using animal studies and human interventions supported by in vitro mechanistic insights. Overall, the results showed that the regular consumption of anthocyanin-containing foods and nutraceuticals improved vascular function, lipid profile, and antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects. The daily dosage, the participants' health status, and the duration of the intervention also significantly influenced the results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nima Mohammadi
- University of Limerick, School of Natural Sciences, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Department of Biological Sciences, Bioactivity and Applications Lab, V94 T9PX Limerick, Ireland.
| | - Michelle Farrell
- University of Limerick, School of Natural Sciences, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Department of Biological Sciences, Bioactivity and Applications Lab, V94 T9PX Limerick, Ireland.
| | - Laura O'Sullivan
- University of Limerick, School of Natural Sciences, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Department of Biological Sciences, Bioactivity and Applications Lab, V94 T9PX Limerick, Ireland.
| | - Andrea Langan
- University of Limerick, School of Natural Sciences, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Department of Biological Sciences, Bioactivity and Applications Lab, V94 T9PX Limerick, Ireland.
| | - Marcelo Franchin
- University of Limerick, School of Natural Sciences, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Department of Biological Sciences, Bioactivity and Applications Lab, V94 T9PX Limerick, Ireland.
| | - Luciana Azevedo
- Federal University of Alfenas, In Vitro and In Vivo Nutritional and Toxicological Analysis Laboratory, Av. Jovino Fernandes Sales, 2600, Bairro Santa Clara - CEP 37133-840, Alfenas, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Daniel Granato
- University of Limerick, School of Natural Sciences, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Department of Biological Sciences, Bioactivity and Applications Lab, V94 T9PX Limerick, Ireland.
- Health Research Institute, University of Limerick, V94 T9PX Limerick, Ireland
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9
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Dehghani F, Hajhashemy Z, Keshteli AH, Yazdannik A, Falahi E, Saneei P, Esmaillzadeh A. Nutrient patterns in relation to insulin resistance and endothelial dysfunction in Iranian women. Sci Rep 2024; 14:2857. [PMID: 38310135 PMCID: PMC10838277 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-53263-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2023] [Accepted: 01/30/2024] [Indexed: 02/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Prior studies have mainly focused on the association of one specific nutrient with insulin resistance (IR) and endothelial dysfunction and limited studies have assessed the association with different nutrient patterns (NPs). We examined the association between various NPs and IR and endothelial dysfunction among Iranian women. This cross-sectional study was carried out on a sample of 368 female nurses. A 106-items food frequency questionnaire (FFQ) was applied for dietary assessments. Using factor analysis, the relationships between NPs and markers of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR, HOMA-β, and QUICKY), and endothelial dysfunction (E-selectin, sICAM-1, and sVCAM-1) were assessed. Mean age and body mass index of participants were respectively 35.21 years and 24.04 kg/m2. Three major NPs were identified. NP1, named as "dairy, fruits, and vegetables" had high values of potassium, folate, vitamins A and C, magnesium, and beta carotene. No significant association was observed between this NP and insulin resistance or endothelial dysfunction indices. The second NP was full of chromium, selenium, copper, vitamin B6, monounsaturated fatty acid (MUFA), thiamin, vitamin D, and iron. Adherence to NP2 (named "legumes, nuts, and protein foods") was associated with lower values of insulin (6.8 ± 1.1 versus 8.4 ± 1.1, P = 0.01), homeostasis model assessment-Insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) (1.3 ± 0.2 versus 1.7 ± 0.2, P = 0.02), and vascular adhesion molecule 1 (VCAM-1) (444.2 ± 27.9 versus 475.8 ± 28.4, P = 0.03). However, adherence to the third NP, rich in saturated fatty acid (SFA), cholesterol, sodium, zinc, vitamin E, and B12, described as "animal fat and meat + vitamin E", was associated with higher amounts of homeostasis model assessment-β (HOMA-β) (531.3 ± 176.2 versus 48.7 ± 179.8, P = 0.03). In conclusion, following the NP2, correlated with higher intakes of chromium, selenium, copper, vitamin B6, MUFA and thiamin was associated with lower values of insulin, HOMA-IR, and sVCAM-1. Adherence to NP3, rich in SFA, cholesterol, vitamin E, vitamin B12, and zinc was associated with higher levels of HOMA-β.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farimah Dehghani
- Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, P.O. Box 14155-6117, Tehran, Iran
| | - Zahra Hajhashemy
- Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutrition and Food Science, Nutrition and Food Security Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, PO Box 81745-151, Isfahan, Iran
- Students' Research Committee, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | | | - Ahmadreza Yazdannik
- Department of Critical Care Nursing, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Ebrahim Falahi
- Department of Nutrition, School of Health and Nutrition, Lorestan University of Medical Sciences, Khorramabad, Iran
| | - Parvane Saneei
- Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutrition and Food Science, Nutrition and Food Security Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, PO Box 81745-151, Isfahan, Iran.
| | - Ahmad Esmaillzadeh
- Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, P.O. Box 14155-6117, Tehran, Iran.
- Obesity and Eating Habits Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Molecular-Cellular Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
- Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Clinical Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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10
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Upadhyay PK, Singh S, Vishwakarma VK. Natural Polyphenols in Cancer Management: Promising Role, Mechanisms, and Chemistry. Curr Pharm Biotechnol 2024; 25:694-712. [PMID: 37608669 DOI: 10.2174/1389201024666230822090318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2023] [Revised: 07/09/2023] [Accepted: 07/24/2023] [Indexed: 08/24/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although cancers emerge rapidly and cancer cells divide aggressively, which affects our vital organ systems. Recently, cancer treatments are targeted immune systems mediating intrinsic cellular mechanisms. Natural efficacious polyphenols have been exhibited to help prevent most cancers and reverse the progression of cancers. METHODS Many resources have been used to know the promising role of polyphenols in preventing and treating cancers. The electronic databases include Science Direct, Google, Google Scholar, PubMed, and Scopus. The search was limited to the English language only. RESULTS Polyphenols have been reported as anti-metastatic agents that explore the promising role of these compounds in cancer prevention. Such agents act through many signaling pathways, including PI3K/Akt and TNF-induced signaling pathways. The chemical modifications of polyphenols and the structure-activity relationships (SARs) between polyphenols and anticancer activities have also been discussed. CONCLUSION Many research papers were reported to explain the anti-cancer potential of Polyphenols, The SARs between polyphenols and anti-cancer activities, which correlate structures of polyphenols with significant chemotherapeutic action. The mechanism of anti-cancer potential is to be added for searching for new anti-cancer natural products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prabhat Kumar Upadhyay
- Department of Pharmaceutical Science, Institute of Pharmaceutical Research, GLA University, Mathura, 281406, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Sonia Singh
- Department of Pharmacy, Institute of Pharmaceutical Research, GLA University, Mathura, 281406, Uttar Pradesh, India
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11
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Sasaki A, Kawai E, Watanabe K, Yamano E, Oba C, Nakamura K, Natsume M, Mizuno K, Watanabe Y. Cacao Polyphenol-Rich Dark Chocolate Intake Contributes to Efficient Brain Activity during Cognitive Tasks: A Randomized, Single-Blinded, Crossover, and Dose-Comparison fMRI Study. Nutrients 2023; 16:41. [PMID: 38201871 PMCID: PMC10780455 DOI: 10.3390/nu16010041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2023] [Revised: 12/04/2023] [Accepted: 12/15/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Cacao polyphenol-enriched dark chocolate may have beneficial effects on human health, such as facilitating maintaining good performance in long-lasting cognitive tasks. This study examined the effects of dark chocolate intake on improving brain function during cognitive tasks using functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI). In this randomized, single-blinded, crossover, and dose-comparison study, 26 healthy middle-aged participants ingested dark chocolate (25 g) either with a low concentration (LC) (211.7 mg) or a high concentration (HC) (635 mg) of cacao polyphenols. Thereafter, their brain activities were analyzed during continuous and effortful cognitive tasks relevant to executive functioning using fMRI in two consecutive 15 min sessions (25 and 50 min after ingestion). We observed significant interaction effects between chocolate consumption and brain activity measurement sessions in the left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex and left inferior parietal lobule. After HC chocolate ingestion, these areas showed lower brain activity in the second session than in the first session; however, these areas showed higher activity in the second session after LC chocolate ingestion. These results suggest that cacao polyphenol-enriched dark chocolate enhances the efficient use of cognitive resources by reducing the effort of brain activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akihiro Sasaki
- Laboratory for Pathophysiological and Health Science, RIKEN Center for Biosystems Dynamics Research, 6-7-3 Minatojima-Minamimachi, Chuo-ku, Kobe 650-0047, Hyogo, Japan; (E.K.); (K.W.); (E.Y.); (K.M.); (Y.W.)
- RIKEN Compass to Healthy Life Research Complex Program, 6-7-3 Minatojima-Minamimachi, Chuo-ku, Kobe 650-0047, Hyogo, Japan
- Center for Health Science Innovation, Osaka Metropolitan University, 3-1 Ofukacho, Kita-ku, Osaka 530-0011, Osaka, Japan
| | - Eriko Kawai
- Laboratory for Pathophysiological and Health Science, RIKEN Center for Biosystems Dynamics Research, 6-7-3 Minatojima-Minamimachi, Chuo-ku, Kobe 650-0047, Hyogo, Japan; (E.K.); (K.W.); (E.Y.); (K.M.); (Y.W.)
- Center for Health Science Innovation, Osaka Metropolitan University, 3-1 Ofukacho, Kita-ku, Osaka 530-0011, Osaka, Japan
| | - Kyosuke Watanabe
- Laboratory for Pathophysiological and Health Science, RIKEN Center for Biosystems Dynamics Research, 6-7-3 Minatojima-Minamimachi, Chuo-ku, Kobe 650-0047, Hyogo, Japan; (E.K.); (K.W.); (E.Y.); (K.M.); (Y.W.)
- RIKEN Compass to Healthy Life Research Complex Program, 6-7-3 Minatojima-Minamimachi, Chuo-ku, Kobe 650-0047, Hyogo, Japan
- Center for Health Science Innovation, Osaka Metropolitan University, 3-1 Ofukacho, Kita-ku, Osaka 530-0011, Osaka, Japan
| | - Emi Yamano
- Laboratory for Pathophysiological and Health Science, RIKEN Center for Biosystems Dynamics Research, 6-7-3 Minatojima-Minamimachi, Chuo-ku, Kobe 650-0047, Hyogo, Japan; (E.K.); (K.W.); (E.Y.); (K.M.); (Y.W.)
- RIKEN Compass to Healthy Life Research Complex Program, 6-7-3 Minatojima-Minamimachi, Chuo-ku, Kobe 650-0047, Hyogo, Japan
- Center for Health Science Innovation, Osaka Metropolitan University, 3-1 Ofukacho, Kita-ku, Osaka 530-0011, Osaka, Japan
| | - Chisato Oba
- Food Microbiology Research Laboratories, R&D Division, Meiji Co., Ltd., 1-29-1 Nanakuni, Hachioji 192-0919, Tokyo, Japan; (K.N.); (M.N.)
| | - Kentaro Nakamura
- Food Microbiology Research Laboratories, R&D Division, Meiji Co., Ltd., 1-29-1 Nanakuni, Hachioji 192-0919, Tokyo, Japan; (K.N.); (M.N.)
| | - Midori Natsume
- Food Microbiology Research Laboratories, R&D Division, Meiji Co., Ltd., 1-29-1 Nanakuni, Hachioji 192-0919, Tokyo, Japan; (K.N.); (M.N.)
| | - Kei Mizuno
- Laboratory for Pathophysiological and Health Science, RIKEN Center for Biosystems Dynamics Research, 6-7-3 Minatojima-Minamimachi, Chuo-ku, Kobe 650-0047, Hyogo, Japan; (E.K.); (K.W.); (E.Y.); (K.M.); (Y.W.)
- RIKEN Compass to Healthy Life Research Complex Program, 6-7-3 Minatojima-Minamimachi, Chuo-ku, Kobe 650-0047, Hyogo, Japan
- Center for Health Science Innovation, Osaka Metropolitan University, 3-1 Ofukacho, Kita-ku, Osaka 530-0011, Osaka, Japan
| | - Yasuyoshi Watanabe
- Laboratory for Pathophysiological and Health Science, RIKEN Center for Biosystems Dynamics Research, 6-7-3 Minatojima-Minamimachi, Chuo-ku, Kobe 650-0047, Hyogo, Japan; (E.K.); (K.W.); (E.Y.); (K.M.); (Y.W.)
- RIKEN Compass to Healthy Life Research Complex Program, 6-7-3 Minatojima-Minamimachi, Chuo-ku, Kobe 650-0047, Hyogo, Japan
- Center for Health Science Innovation, Osaka Metropolitan University, 3-1 Ofukacho, Kita-ku, Osaka 530-0011, Osaka, Japan
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Gröne M, Duse DA, Kramser N, Ophoff N, Schweers H, Voß F, Quast C, Sansone R, Heiss C, Jung C, Kelm M, Erkens R. Cocoa flavanols improve peakVO 2 and exercise capacity in a randomized double blinded clinical trial in healthy elderly people. Food Funct 2023; 14:7562-7573. [PMID: 37526943 DOI: 10.1039/d3fo01737k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/02/2023]
Abstract
Background: Loss of functional capacity is one of the hallmarks in cardiovascular aging. Cocoa flavanols (CF) exert favorable effects on endothelial function, blood pressure, and inflammation. These cardiovascular health markers worsen with increasing age and limit functional exercise capacity. Aim: To investigate the effect of CF on cardiorespiratory-fitness in healthy elderly people. Methods: In a randomized, double-masked, placebo-controlled, parallel-group dietary intervention trial, 68 healthy elderly people (55-79 years, 28 female) received either 500 mg of CF or a nutrient-matched control capsule twice a day for 30 days. Primary endpoint was defined as peak oxygen consumption (VO2) in a cardiopulmonary exercise test (CPET). Secondary endpoints were oxygen pulse (VO2 per heart rate (HR)), resting blood pressure (BP), and resting vascular function. Results: After 30 days of CF intake peakVO2 increased by 190 ml min-1 (95% CI 1-371 ml min-1) and peakVO2 per kg by 2.5 ml (min kg)-1 (95% CI 0.30-4.2 ml (min kg)-1). O2-pulse increased by 1.7 ml (95% CI 0.29-3.2 ml) and max exercise capacity by 9.6 W (95% CI 2.1-17.7 W). CF decreased resting systolic and diastolic BP by 5.4 mmHg (95% CI -10.7 to -0.1 mmHg) and 2.9 mmHg (95% CI -5.5 to -0.4 mmHg), respectively. Flow-mediated vasodilation (FMD) increased by an absolute 1.3% (95% CI 0.76-1.79%) in the CF group. Indexes of pulmonary function were not affected. No changes for primary and secondary endpoints were detected in control. Conclusion: CF substantially improve markers of cardiorespiratory fitness in healthy elderly humans highlighting their potential to preserve cardiovascular health with increasing age.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Gröne
- Department of Cardiology, Pulmonology and Vascular Medicine, Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine University of Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany.
| | - Dragos Andrei Duse
- Department of Cardiology, Pulmonology and Vascular Medicine, Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine University of Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany.
| | - Nicolas Kramser
- Department of Cardiology, Pulmonology and Vascular Medicine, Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine University of Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany.
| | - Niklas Ophoff
- Department of Cardiology, Pulmonology and Vascular Medicine, Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine University of Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany.
| | - Hendrik Schweers
- Department of Cardiology, Pulmonology and Vascular Medicine, Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine University of Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany.
| | - Fabian Voß
- Department of Cardiology, Pulmonology and Vascular Medicine, Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine University of Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany.
| | - Christine Quast
- Department of Cardiology, Pulmonology and Vascular Medicine, Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine University of Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany.
| | - Roberto Sansone
- Department of Cardiology, Pulmonology and Vascular Medicine, Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine University of Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany.
| | - Christian Heiss
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Science, University of Surrey, UK
| | - Christian Jung
- Department of Cardiology, Pulmonology and Vascular Medicine, Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine University of Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany.
| | - Malte Kelm
- Department of Cardiology, Pulmonology and Vascular Medicine, Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine University of Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany.
- CARID, Cardiovascular Research Institute Düsseldorf, Medical Faculty and University Hospital Düsseldorf, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Ralf Erkens
- Department of Cardiology, Pulmonology and Vascular Medicine, Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine University of Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany.
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Abstract
Since it was first defined by the American Heart Association in 2010, cardiovascular health (CVH) has been extensively studied across the life course. In this review, we present the current literature examining early life predictors of CVH, the later life outcomes of child CVH, and the relatively few interventions which have specifically addressed how to preserve and promote CVH across populations. We find that research on CVH has demonstrated that prenatal and childhood exposures are consistently associated with CVH trajectories from childhood through adulthood. CVH measured at any point in life is strongly predictive of future cardiovascular disease, dementia, cancer, and mortality as well as a variety of other health outcomes. This speaks to the importance of intervening early to prevent the loss of optimal CVH and the accumulation of cardiovascular risk. Interventions to improve CVH are not common but those that have been published most often address multiple modifiable risk factors among individuals within the community. Relatively few interventions have been focused on improving the construct of CVH in children. Future research is needed that will be both effective, scalable, and sustainable. Technology including digital platforms as well as implementation science will play key roles in achieving this vision. In addition, community engagement at all stages of this research is critical. Lastly, prevention strategies that are tailored to the individual and their context may help us achieve the promise of personalized prevention and help promote ideal CVH in childhood and across the life course.
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Affiliation(s)
- Havisha Pedamallu
- Division of Internal Medicine, Department of Medicine (H.P.), Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine
| | - Rachel Zmora
- Department of Preventive Medicine (R.Z., A.M.P., N.B.A.), Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine
| | - Amanda M Perak
- Department of Preventive Medicine (R.Z., A.M.P., N.B.A.), Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine
- Department of Pediatrics, Lurie Children's Hospital, Chicago, IL (A.M.P.)
| | - Norrina B Allen
- Department of Preventive Medicine (R.Z., A.M.P., N.B.A.), Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine
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Gröne M, Schillings M, Duse D, Kramser N, Quast C, Heiss C, Sansone R, Jung C, Kelm M, Erkens R. Cocoa flavanol supplementation preserves early and late radial artery function after transradial catheterization. Food Funct 2023; 14:4824-4835. [PMID: 37128985 DOI: 10.1039/d3fo01116j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Background: The transradial approach for coronary angiography is associated with fewer complications and preferred over the femoral approach. Injury to the radial artery (RA) endothelium elicits intimal hyperplasia, possibly resulting in total occlusion and limb functional decline. Flavanols are known to improve endothelial function. Effects on arterial remodeling after mechanical injury are unknown. Objective: To investigate the effects of cocoa flavanols on (a) intimal hyperplasia and (b) endothelial functional recovery after mechanical vascular wall injury through transradial coronary angiography (TCA). Methods: Primary endpoint in this double-blind, randomized, controlled trial was RA intima-media thickness (IMT) after 6 months follow-up (FU). Secondary endpoints were RA flow-mediated vasodilation (FMD) and fractional diameter change (Fdc). Further luminal diameter and circulating endothelial microparticles (EMP) were assessed. Thirty-six male patients undergoing elective TCA were included. Flavanol or matched placebo supplementation started 7 days prior TCA (cocoa flavanol 1000 mg day-1) for 14 days. Four measurements spanned three periods over 6-moths-FU. Results: TCA induced sustained intimal hyperplasia in the placebo-, but not in the flavanol-group (IMT 0.44 ± 0.01 vs. 0.37 ± 0.01 mm, p = 0.01). FMD decreased after TCA in both groups, but recovered to baseline after 6 months in the flavanol group only. Fdc acutely decreased, EMPs increased in the placebo-, not in the flavanol -group. Luminal diameter remained unchanged in both groups. Conclusion: Peri-interventional cocoa flavanol supplementation prevents long-term intima media thickening and endothelial dysfunction 6 months after TCA opening the perspective for dietary interventions to mitigate endothelial cell damage and intimal hyperplasia after mechanical injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Gröne
- Department of Cardiology, Pulmonology and Angiology Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine University of Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany.
| | - Miriam Schillings
- Department of Cardiology, Pulmonology and Angiology Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine University of Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany.
| | - Dragos Duse
- Department of Cardiology, Pulmonology and Angiology Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine University of Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany.
| | - Nicolas Kramser
- Department of Cardiology, Pulmonology and Angiology Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine University of Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany.
| | - Christine Quast
- Department of Cardiology, Pulmonology and Angiology Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine University of Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany.
| | - Christian Heiss
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Science, University of Surrey, UK
| | - Roberto Sansone
- Department of Cardiology, Pulmonology and Angiology Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine University of Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany.
| | - Christian Jung
- Department of Cardiology, Pulmonology and Angiology Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine University of Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany.
| | - Malte Kelm
- Department of Cardiology, Pulmonology and Angiology Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine University of Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany.
- CARID Cardiovascular Research Institute Duesseldorf, Germany
| | - Ralf Erkens
- Department of Cardiology, Pulmonology and Angiology Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine University of Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany.
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15
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Ziółkiewicz A, Kasprzak-Drozd K, Rusinek R, Markut-Miotła E, Oniszczuk A. The Influence of Polyphenols on Atherosclerosis Development. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24087146. [PMID: 37108307 PMCID: PMC10139042 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24087146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2023] [Revised: 04/06/2023] [Accepted: 04/10/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Polyphenols have attracted tremendous attention due to their pro-health properties, including their antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antibacterial and neuroprotective activities. Atherosclerosis is a vascular disorder underlying several CVDs. One of the main risk factors causing atherosclerosis is the type and quality of food consumed. Therefore, polyphenols represent promising agents in the prevention and treatment of atherosclerosis, as demonstrated by in vitro, animal, preclinical and clinical studies. However, most polyphenols cannot be absorbed directly by the small intestine. Gut microbiota play a crucial role in converting dietary polyphenols into absorbable bioactive substances. An increasing understanding of the field has confirmed that specific GM taxa strains mediate the gut microbiota-atherosclerosis axis. The present study explores the anti-atherosclerotic properties and associated underlying mechanisms of polyphenols. Moreover, it provides a basis for better understanding the relationship between dietary polyphenols, gut microbiota, and cardiovascular benefits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agnieszka Ziółkiewicz
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry, Medical University of Lublin, Dr Wiotolda Chodźki 4a, 20-093 Lublin, Poland
| | - Kamila Kasprzak-Drozd
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry, Medical University of Lublin, Dr Wiotolda Chodźki 4a, 20-093 Lublin, Poland
| | - Robert Rusinek
- Institute of Agrophysics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Doświadczalna 4, 20-290 Lublin, Poland
| | - Ewa Markut-Miotła
- Department of Lung Diseases and Children Rheumatology, Medical University of Lublin, Prof. Antoniego Gębali 6, 20-093 Lublin, Poland
| | - Anna Oniszczuk
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry, Medical University of Lublin, Dr Wiotolda Chodźki 4a, 20-093 Lublin, Poland
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Heiss C, Rodriguez-Mateos A, Bapir M, Skene SS, Sies H, Kelm M. Flow-mediated dilation reference values for evaluation of endothelial function and cardiovascular health. Cardiovasc Res 2023; 119:283-293. [PMID: 35709326 DOI: 10.1093/cvr/cvac095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2021] [Revised: 05/19/2022] [Accepted: 05/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
AIMS Endothelial function is essential for cardiovascular health, and flow-mediated dilation (FMD) is an established technique to measure it. This paper aims to assess FMD values in apparently healthy individuals and provides reference values to facilitate wider clinical use. METHODS AND RESULTS In 1,579 apparently healthy individuals (aged 18-76), fasted FMD values (data from 44 studies, 6 institutions, 22 operators) were normally distributed and inversely univariately correlated with age, body mass index, glucose, cholesterol, blood pressure, and brachial artery (BA) diameter. Significant multivariate predictors of FMD were age (-0.4%/decade), BMI (0.04%/kg/m2), smoking (-0.7%), and BA diameter (-0.44%/mm) that together explained 19% of the variability independent of operator, institution or ultrasound machine. Individuals in the high FMD tertile (>6.8%) were younger, had smaller BA diameter, lower blood pressure and cholesterol. In individuals with low- and intermediate fatal cardiovascular risk (SCORE), 26% and 53% of individuals, respectively, had FMD values in the low tertile (<5.4%). After adding data from 385 patients with stable coronary artery disease (CAD), ROC analysis (c = 0.841, P < 0.001) showed that FMD of >6.5% excluded CAD (95% sensitivity; 60% specificity) and FMD <3.1% excluded 95% healthy individuals (95% specificity, 31% sensitivity). A meta-analysis and meta-regression of 82 clinical trials (11 countries, n = 3,509) using similar FMD methodology showed that despite considerable heterogeneity (I2 = 0.97) FMD in healthy individuals was on average 6.4% (95%CI: 6.2%, 6.7%) with no significant differences between countries but a significant age-dependent decline (-0.3%/decade, R2 = 0.13). CONCLUSIONS We provide an age-adapted frame of FMD reference intervals in apparently healthy individuals for use as a biomarker of cardiovascular health. As the degree of vascular endothelial function integrates environmental and genetic factors with classical CV risk factors, FMD may more comprehensively classify individuals with and without standard modifiable cardiovascular risk factors and serve as a target for cardiovascular prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Heiss
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Surrey, Stag Hill, Guildford GU2 7XH, UK
- Division of Cardiology, Pulmonology, and Vascular Medicine, Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
- Vascular Department, Surrey and Sussex Healthcare NHS Trust, East Surrey Hospital, Redhill, UK
| | - Ana Rodriguez-Mateos
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, School of Life Course and Population Sciences, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Mariam Bapir
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Surrey, Stag Hill, Guildford GU2 7XH, UK
| | - Simon S Skene
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Surrey, Stag Hill, Guildford GU2 7XH, UK
| | - Helmut Sies
- Institute for Molecular Biology and Biochemistry I, Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
- Leibniz Research Institute for Environmental Medicine, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Malte Kelm
- Division of Cardiology, Pulmonology, and Vascular Medicine, Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
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17
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Revisiting the bioavailability of flavan-3-ols in humans: A systematic review and comprehensive data analysis. Mol Aspects Med 2023; 89:101146. [PMID: 36207170 DOI: 10.1016/j.mam.2022.101146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2022] [Revised: 09/08/2022] [Accepted: 09/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
This systematic review summarizes findings from human studies investigating the different routes of absorption, metabolism, distribution and excretion (ADME) of dietary flavan-3-ols and their circulating metabolites in healthy subjects. Literature searches were performed in PubMed, Scopus and the Web of Science. Human intervention studies using single and/or multiple intake of flavan-3-ols from food, extracts, and pure compounds were included. Forty-nine human intervention studies met inclusion criteria. Up to 180 metabolites were quantified from blood and urine samples following intake of flavan-3-ols, mainly as phase 2 conjugates of microbial catabolites (n = 97), with phenyl-γ-valerolactones being the most representative ones (n = 34). Phase 2 conjugates of monomers and phenyl-γ-valerolactones, the main compounds in both plasma and urine, reached two peak plasma concentrations (Cmax) of 260 and 88 nmol/L at 1.8 and 5.3 h (Tmax) after flavan-3-ol intake. They contributed to the bioavailability of flavan-3-ols for over 20%. Mean bioavailability for flavan-3-ols was moderate (31 ± 23%, n bioavailability values = 20), and it seems to be scarcely affected by the amount of ingested compounds. While intra- and inter-source differences in flavan-3-ol bioavailability emerged, mean flavan-3-ol bioavailability was 82% (n = 1) and 63% (n = 2) after (-)-epicatechin and nut (hazelnuts, almonds) intake, respectively, followed by 25% after consumption of tea (n = 7), cocoa (n = 5), apples (n = 3) and grape (n = 2). This highlights the need to better clarify the metabolic yield with which monomer flavan-3-ols and proanthocyanidins are metabolized in humans. This work clarified in a comprehensive way for the first time the ADME of a (poly)phenol family, highlighting the pool of circulating compounds that might be determinants of the putative beneficial effects linked to flavan-3-ol intake. Lastly, methodological inputs for implementing well-designed human and experimental model studies were provided.
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Mechanistic insights into dietary (poly)phenols and vascular dysfunction-related diseases using multi-omics and integrative approaches: Machine learning as a next challenge in nutrition research. Mol Aspects Med 2023; 89:101101. [PMID: 35728999 DOI: 10.1016/j.mam.2022.101101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2022] [Revised: 06/09/2022] [Accepted: 06/11/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Dietary (poly)phenols have been extensively studied for their vasculoprotective effects and consequently their role in preventing or delaying onsets of cardiovascular and metabolic diseases. Even though early studies have ascribed the vasculoprotective properties of (poly)phenols primarily on their putative free radical scavenging properties, recent data indicate that in biological systems, (poly)phenols act primarily through genomic and epigenomic mechanisms. The molecular mechanisms underlying their health properties are still not well identified, mainly due to the use of physiologically non-relevant conditions (native molecules or extracts at high concentrations, rather than circulating metabolites), but also due to the use of targeted genomic approaches aiming to evaluate the effect only on few specific genes, thus preventing to decipher detailed molecular mechanisms involved. The use of state-of-the-art untargeted analytical methods represents a significant breakthrough in nutrigenomics, as these methods enable detailed insights into the effects at each specific omics level. Moreover, the implementation of multi-omics approaches allows integration of different levels of regulation of cellular functions, to obtain a comprehensive picture of the molecular mechanisms of action of (poly)phenols. In combination with bioinformatics and the methods of machine learning, multi-omics has potential to make a huge contribution to the nutrition science. The aim of this review is to provide an overview of the use of the omics, multi-omics, and integrative approaches in studying the vasculoprotective properties of dietary (poly)phenols and address the potentials for use of the machine learning in nutrigenomics.
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Milenkovic D, Rodriguez‐Mateos A, Lucosz M, Istas G, Declerck K, Sansone R, Deenen R, Köhrer K, Corral‐Jara KF, Altschmied J, Haendeler J, Kelm M, Berghe WV, Heiss C. Flavanol Consumption in Healthy Men Preserves Integrity of Immunological-Endothelial Barrier Cell Functions: Nutri(epi)genomic Analysis. Mol Nutr Food Res 2022; 66:e2100991. [PMID: 35094491 PMCID: PMC9787825 DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.202100991] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2021] [Revised: 01/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
SCOPE While cocoa flavanol (CF) consumption improves cardiovascular risk biomarkers, molecular mechanisms underlying their protective effects are not understood. OBJECTIVE To investigate nutri(epi)genomic effects of CF and identify regulatory networks potential mediating vascular health benefits. METHODS AND RESULTS Twenty healthy middle-aged men consume CF (bi-daily 450 mg) or control drinks for 1 month. Microarray analysis identifies 2235 differentially expressed genes (DEG) involved in processes regulating immune response, cell adhesion, or cytoskeleton organization. Distinct patterns of DEG correlate with CF-related changes in endothelial function, arterial stiffness, and blood pressure. DEG profile negatively correlates with expression profiles of cardiovascular disease patients. CF modulated DNA methylation profile of genes implicates in cell adhesion, actin cytoskeleton organization, or cell signaling. In silico docking analyses indicate that CF metabolites have the potential of binding to cell signaling proteins and transcription factors. Incubation of plasma obtained after CF consumption decrease monocyte to endothelial adhesion and dose-dependently increase nitric oxide-dependent chemotaxis of circulating angiogenic cells further validating the biological functions of CF metabolites. CONCLUSION In healthy humans, CF consumption may mediate vascular protective effects by modulating gene expression and DNA methylation towards a cardiovascular protective effect, in agreement with clinical results, by preserving integrity of immunological-endothelial barrier functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dragan Milenkovic
- Department of NutritionUniversity of California DavisDavisCA95616USA,INRAEUNHUniversité Clermont AuvergneClermont‐FerrandF‐63000France
| | - Ana Rodriguez‐Mateos
- Division of CardiologyPulmonology, and Vascular MedicineMedical FacultyUniversity Hospital DüsseldorfDüsseldorfGermany,Department of Nutritional SciencesSchool of Life Course and Population SciencesFaculty of Life Sciences and MedicineKing's College LondonLondonUK
| | - Margarete Lucosz
- Division of CardiologyPulmonology, and Vascular MedicineMedical FacultyUniversity Hospital DüsseldorfDüsseldorfGermany
| | - Geoffrey Istas
- Division of CardiologyPulmonology, and Vascular MedicineMedical FacultyUniversity Hospital DüsseldorfDüsseldorfGermany,Department of Nutritional SciencesSchool of Life Course and Population SciencesFaculty of Life Sciences and MedicineKing's College LondonLondonUK
| | - Ken Declerck
- PPESDepartment of Biomedical SciencesUniversity of Antwerp (UA)WilrijkBelgium
| | - Roberto Sansone
- Division of CardiologyPulmonology, and Vascular MedicineMedical FacultyUniversity Hospital DüsseldorfDüsseldorfGermany
| | - René Deenen
- Biological and Medical Research Center (BMFZ)Heinrich Heine UniversityDüsseldorfGermany
| | - Karl Köhrer
- Biological and Medical Research Center (BMFZ)Heinrich Heine UniversityDüsseldorfGermany
| | | | - Joachim Altschmied
- Environmentally‐induced Cardiovascular DegenerationClinical Chemistry and Laboratory DiagnosticsMedical FacultyUniversity Hospital and Heinrich‐Heine UniversityDüsseldorfGermany,IUF‐Leibniz Research Institute for Environmental MedicineDüsseldorfGermany
| | - Judith Haendeler
- Environmentally‐induced Cardiovascular DegenerationClinical Chemistry and Laboratory DiagnosticsMedical FacultyUniversity Hospital and Heinrich‐Heine UniversityDüsseldorfGermany
| | - Malte Kelm
- Division of CardiologyPulmonology, and Vascular MedicineMedical FacultyUniversity Hospital DüsseldorfDüsseldorfGermany
| | - Wim Vanden Berghe
- PPESDepartment of Biomedical SciencesUniversity of Antwerp (UA)WilrijkBelgium
| | - Christian Heiss
- Division of CardiologyPulmonology, and Vascular MedicineMedical FacultyUniversity Hospital DüsseldorfDüsseldorfGermany,Clinical Medicine SectionDepartment of Clinical and Experimental MedicineFaculty of Health and Medical SciencesUniversity of SurreyGuildfordUK,Department of Vascular MedicineSurrey and Sussex NHS Healthcare TrustEast Surrey HospitalRedhillUK
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20
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Niotis K, Akiyoshi K, Carlton C, Isaacson R. Dementia Prevention in Clinical Practice. Semin Neurol 2022; 42:525-548. [PMID: 36442814 DOI: 10.1055/s-0042-1759580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Over 55 million people globally are living with dementia and, by 2050, this number is projected to increase to 131 million. This poses immeasurable challenges for patients and their families and a significant threat to domestic and global economies. Given this public health crisis and disappointing results from disease-modifying trials, there has been a recent shift in focus toward primary and secondary prevention strategies. Approximately 40% of Alzheimer's disease (AD) cases, which is the most common form of dementia, may be prevented or at least delayed. Success of risk reduction studies through addressing modifiable risk factors, in addition to the failure of most drug trials, lends support for personalized multidomain interventions rather than a "one-size-fits-all" approach. Evolving evidence supports early intervention in at-risk patients using individualized interventions directed at modifiable risk factors. Comprehensive risk stratification can be informed by emerging principals of precision medicine, and include expanded clinical and family history, anthropometric measurements, blood biomarkers, neurocognitive evaluation, and genetic information. Risk stratification is key in differentiating subtypes of dementia and identifies targetable areas for intervention. This article reviews a clinical approach toward dementia risk stratification and evidence-based prevention strategies, with a primary focus on AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kellyann Niotis
- Department of Neurology, Weill Cornell Medicine and New York - Presbyterian, New York, New York
| | - Kiarra Akiyoshi
- Department of Neurology, Weill Cornell Medicine and New York - Presbyterian, New York, New York
| | - Caroline Carlton
- Department of Neurology, Weill Cornell Medicine and New York - Presbyterian, New York, New York
| | - Richard Isaacson
- Department of Neurology, Weill Cornell Medicine and New York - Presbyterian, New York, New York.,Department of Neurology, Florida Atlantic University, Charles E. Schmidt College of Medicine, Boca Raton, Florida
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21
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Seecheran NA, Sukha D, Grimaldos K, Grimaldos G, Richard S, Ishmael A, Gomes C, Kampradi L, Seecheran R, Seecheran V, Peram L, Dookeeram D, Giddings S, Sandy S, Ramlackhansingh A, Raza S, Umaharan P, Tello-Montoliu A, Schneider D. Effect of cocoa ( Theobroma cacao L.) on platelet function testing profiles in patients with coronary artery disease: ECLAIR pilot study. Open Heart 2022; 9:openhrt-2022-002066. [PMID: 36100318 PMCID: PMC9472200 DOI: 10.1136/openhrt-2022-002066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2022] [Accepted: 08/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION This prospective pharmacodynamic nutraceutical study assessed the effect of a 1-week trial of 30 g/day of 65% cocoa (dark chocolate) (Theobroma cacao L.) consumption intervention on platelet reactivity. METHODS Patients with stable coronary artery disease (CAD) (n=20) who were on maintenance dual antiplatelet therapy of aspirin (ASA) 81 mg/day and clopidogrel 75 mg/day were recruited. Platelet function was evaluated with the VerifyNow P2Y12 reaction unit (PRU) and aspirin reaction unit (ARU) assays (Werfen, Bedford, Massachusetts, USA) and assessed prior to initiation of and after a 1-week trial of 30 g/day of 65% cocoa consumption intervention. Results were compared with a paired t-test. RESULTS Cocoa augmented the inhibitory effect of clopidogrel, demonstrated by a reduction of 11.9% (95% CI 5.7% to 18.0%, p value 0.001), significantly decreasing the PRU by 26.85 (95% CI 12.22 to 41.48, p value 0.001). The inhibitory effect of ASA was not impacted by cocoa, reflected by a non-significant reduction in ARU of 17.65 (95% CI 21.00 to 56.3, p value 0.351). No patients experienced any serious adverse events. CONCLUSIONS Cocoa augmented the inhibitory effect of clopidogrel but not ASA. This nutraceutical study could be potentially informative and applicable for patients with stable CAD. Further long-term studies are required to confirm these exploratory findings. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER NCT04554901.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naveen Anand Seecheran
- Clinical Medical Sciences, The University of the West Indies, Saint Augustine, Trinidad and Tobago
| | - Darin Sukha
- Cocoa Research Centre, The University of the West Indies, Saint Augustine, Trinidad and Tobago
| | - Kathryn Grimaldos
- Department of Medicine, North Central Regional Health Authority, Champ Fleurs, Trinidad and Tobago
| | - Gabriella Grimaldos
- Department of Medicine, North Central Regional Health Authority, Champ Fleurs, Trinidad and Tobago
| | - Srivane Richard
- Department of Medicine, North Central Regional Health Authority, Champ Fleurs, Trinidad and Tobago
| | - Aleena Ishmael
- Department of Medicine, North Central Regional Health Authority, Champ Fleurs, Trinidad and Tobago
| | - Ceylon Gomes
- Department of Medicine, North Central Regional Health Authority, Champ Fleurs, Trinidad and Tobago
| | - Lirmala Kampradi
- Department of Medicine, North Central Regional Health Authority, Champ Fleurs, Trinidad and Tobago
| | - Rajeev Seecheran
- Department of Medicine, University of Kansas Medical Center, Wichita, Kansas, USA
| | - Valmiki Seecheran
- Department of Medicine, North Central Regional Health Authority, Champ Fleurs, Trinidad and Tobago
| | - Lakshmipathi Peram
- Department of Medicine, North Central Regional Health Authority, Champ Fleurs, Trinidad and Tobago
| | - Darren Dookeeram
- Department of Medicine, North Central Regional Health Authority, Champ Fleurs, Trinidad and Tobago
| | - Stanley Giddings
- Clinical Medical Sciences, The University of the West Indies, Saint Augustine, Trinidad and Tobago
| | - Sherry Sandy
- Clinical Medical Sciences, The University of the West Indies, Saint Augustine, Trinidad and Tobago
| | - Anil Ramlackhansingh
- Clinical Medical Sciences, The University of the West Indies, Saint Augustine, Trinidad and Tobago
| | - Sadi Raza
- Cardiology Division, HeartPlace, Dallas, Texas, USA
| | - Pathmanathan Umaharan
- Cocoa Research Centre, The University of the West Indies, Saint Augustine, Trinidad and Tobago
| | | | - David Schneider
- Cardiology Division, University of Vermont Medical Center, Burlington, Vermont, USA
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22
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Amoah I, Lim JJ, Osei EO, Arthur M, Tawiah P, Oduro IN, Aduama-Larbi MS, Lowor ST, Rush E. Effect of Cocoa Beverage and Dark Chocolate Consumption on Blood Pressure in Those with Normal and Elevated Blood Pressure: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Foods 2022; 11:foods11131962. [PMID: 35804776 PMCID: PMC9265772 DOI: 10.3390/foods11131962] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2022] [Revised: 06/23/2022] [Accepted: 06/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Cocoa is a major dietary source of polyphenols, including flavanols, which have been associated with reduced blood pressure (BP). While earlier systematic reviews and meta-analyses have shown significant effects of cocoa consumption on systolic BP, limitations include small sample sizes and study heterogeneity. Questions regarding food matrix and dose of polyphenols, flavanols, or epicatechins remain. This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to investigate the effects of ≥2 weeks of cocoa consumption as a beverage or dark chocolate in those with normal or elevated (< or ≥130 mmHg) systolic BP measured in the fasted state or over 24-h. A systematic search conducted on PubMed and Cochrane Library databases up to 26 February 2022 yielded 31 suitable articles. Independent of baseline BP, cocoa consumption for ≥2 weeks was associated with reductions in systolic and diastolic BP (p < 0.05, all). Compared with cocoa, chocolate lowered the weighted mean of resting systolic BP (−3.94 mmHg, 95% CI [−5.71, −2.18]) more than cocoa beverage (−1.54 mmHg, 95% CI [−3.08, 0.01]). When the daily dose of flavanols was ≥900 mg or of epicatechin ≥100 mg, the effect was greater. Future, adequately powered studies are required to determine the optimal dose for a clinically significant effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isaac Amoah
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi 00233, Ghana; (E.O.O.); (M.A.)
- Correspondence: or (I.A.); (J.J.L.); Tel.: +233-24-918-3185 (I.A.); +64-21-029-95729 (J.J.L.)
| | - Jia Jiet Lim
- Human Nutrition Unit, School of Biological Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland 1024, New Zealand
- Correspondence: or (I.A.); (J.J.L.); Tel.: +233-24-918-3185 (I.A.); +64-21-029-95729 (J.J.L.)
| | - Emmanuel Ofori Osei
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi 00233, Ghana; (E.O.O.); (M.A.)
| | - Michael Arthur
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi 00233, Ghana; (E.O.O.); (M.A.)
| | - Phyllis Tawiah
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine and Dentistry, College of Health Sciences, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi 00233, Ghana;
| | - Ibok Nsa Oduro
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi 00233, Ghana;
| | | | - Samuel Tetteh Lowor
- Cocoa Research Institute of Ghana, Akim-Tafo P.O. Box 8, Ghana; (M.S.A.-L.); (S.T.L.)
| | - Elaine Rush
- Faculty of Health and Environmental Studies, Auckland University of Technology, Auckland 1142, New Zealand;
- Riddet Centre of Research Excellence, Palmerston North 0632, New Zealand
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23
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Tanghe A, Heyman E, Lespagnol E, Stautemas J, Celie B, Op ‘t Roodt J, Rietzschel E, Dias Soares D, Hermans N, Tuenter E, Shadid S, Calders P. Acute Effects of Cocoa Flavanols on Blood Pressure and Peripheral Vascular Reactivity in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus and Essential Hypertension. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14132692. [PMID: 35807872 PMCID: PMC9268419 DOI: 10.3390/nu14132692] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2022] [Revised: 06/23/2022] [Accepted: 06/24/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is associated with a high risk of vascular complications. Interestingly, cocoa flavanols (CF) can exert beneficial vascular effects in non-diabetic subjects. However, these effects have only been scarcely studied in T2DM. Therefore, we performed a study to assess the effects on vascular reactivity of a single dose of CF (790 mg) in T2DM and whether certain antihypertensive drugs may modulate these effects. Methods: 24 non-diabetic and 11 T2DM subjects were studied in a cross-over design. Fasting blood samples, blood pressure (BP), and arterial vasoreactivity (flow-mediated dilation) were assessed before and 70 min after capsule ingestion. Muscle microvascular reactivity was only assessed after capsule ingestion. Age, waist-to-hip ratio, BP at baseline, and the use of antihypertensive drugs were regarded as covariates in a mixed models analysis. Results: CF ingestion did not affect any parameter. However, independent of the type of capsules ingested, a decrease in diastolic BP by 3 mmHg (95% CI: −4.0; −2.0) and an increase in the change in brachial artery diameter (pre vs. post occlusion) by 0.06 mm (95% CI: 0.01; 0.12) were detected in the non-diabetic group, while they remained unchanged in the T2DM group. Conclusion: No beneficial effects of CF were detected on vascular reactivity parameters in T2DM and non-diabetic participants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anouk Tanghe
- Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, Ghent University, 9000 Ghent, Belgium; (A.T.); (J.S.); (B.C.)
- Univ. Lille, Univ. Artois, Univ. Littoral Côte d’Opale, ULR 7369-URePSSS-Unité de Recherche Pluridisciplinaire Sport Santé Société, F-59000 Lille, France; (E.H.); (E.L.)
| | - Elsa Heyman
- Univ. Lille, Univ. Artois, Univ. Littoral Côte d’Opale, ULR 7369-URePSSS-Unité de Recherche Pluridisciplinaire Sport Santé Société, F-59000 Lille, France; (E.H.); (E.L.)
- Institut Universitaire de France (IUF)
| | - Elodie Lespagnol
- Univ. Lille, Univ. Artois, Univ. Littoral Côte d’Opale, ULR 7369-URePSSS-Unité de Recherche Pluridisciplinaire Sport Santé Société, F-59000 Lille, France; (E.H.); (E.L.)
| | - Jan Stautemas
- Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, Ghent University, 9000 Ghent, Belgium; (A.T.); (J.S.); (B.C.)
| | - Bert Celie
- Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, Ghent University, 9000 Ghent, Belgium; (A.T.); (J.S.); (B.C.)
| | - Jos Op ‘t Roodt
- School of Cardiovascular Diseases (CARIM), Maastricht University Medical Centre, 6229 HX Maastricht, The Netherlands;
| | - Ernst Rietzschel
- Department of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Ghent University Hospital, 9000 Ghent, Belgium;
| | - Danusa Dias Soares
- Department of Physical Education, The Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte 6627, Brazil;
| | - Nina Hermans
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Antwerp, 2610 Antwerp, Belgium; (N.H.); (E.T.)
| | - Emmy Tuenter
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Antwerp, 2610 Antwerp, Belgium; (N.H.); (E.T.)
| | - Samyah Shadid
- Department of Endocrinology, Ghent University Hospital, 9000 Ghent, Belgium;
| | - Patrick Calders
- Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, Ghent University, 9000 Ghent, Belgium; (A.T.); (J.S.); (B.C.)
- Correspondence:
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24
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Bapir M, Campagnolo P, Rodriguez-Mateos A, Skene SS, Heiss C. Assessing Variability in Vascular Response to Cocoa With Personal Devices: A Series of Double-Blind Randomized Crossover n-of-1 Trials. Front Nutr 2022; 9:886597. [PMID: 35769385 PMCID: PMC9234529 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2022.886597] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2022] [Accepted: 05/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Controlled clinical intervention studies have demonstrated that cocoa flavanols (CF) can decrease blood pressure and arterial stiffness in healthy humans, although a large variability in the effect size across trials has been reported. In this study, we evaluated the intra- and inter-individual variability of responses to CF in everyday life using a series of n-of-1 trials in healthy free-living individuals with normal blood pressure carrying personal devices. In total, eleven healthy young humans participated in a repeated crossover randomized controlled double-blind n-of-1 trial. On 8 consecutive days, each volunteer consumed on alternating days 6 CF capsules (862 mg CF) on 4 days and 6 matched placebo capsules (P, 0 mg CF/day) on another 4 days in one of the two randomized sequences (CF-P-CF-P-CF-P-CF-P or P-CF-P-CF-P-CF-P-CF). On each day, the capsules were taken at the same time in the morning with breakfast after baseline measurements. Each subject was provided with an upper arm blood pressure monitor and a finger clip that measures pulse wave velocity (PWV). Measurements of blood pressure, heart rate, and PWV were taken at least hourly over 12 h during the day by the participants. On the first 2 days, measurements were performed under supervision to provide training. The overall mixed model analysis showed that CF significantly decreased 12-h systolic blood pressure and PWV by −1.4 ± 0.3 mmHg and −0.11 ± 0.03 m/s, respectively. Peak effects were observed within the first 3 h (1.5 h SBP: −4.9 ± 2.2 mmHg, PWV: −0.32 ± 0.17 m/s) and again after 8 h post-ingestion. Large inter-individual variation in responses was found [intra-cluster correlation coefficients (ICC): 0.41, 0.41]. When analyzing single individuals’ datasets, there was also considerable between-day variation in individual responses that varied greatly between subjects (ICC: 0–0.30, 0–0.22, 0–0.45). Effect sizes inversely correlated with baseline blood pressure values both between- and within-subjects. The data confirm that cocoa can decrease blood pressure and arterial stiffness in everyday life when elevated within the normal range. The large inter- and intra-individual variation in responses calls for more personalized nutritional intervention strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariam Bapir
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Surrey, Guildford, United Kingdom
| | - Paola Campagnolo
- Department of Biochemical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Surrey, Guildford, United Kingdom
| | - Ana Rodriguez-Mateos
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, School of Life Course and Population Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, King’s College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Simon S. Skene
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Surrey, Guildford, United Kingdom
| | - Christian Heiss
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Surrey, Guildford, United Kingdom
- Vascular Department, Surrey and Sussex NHS Healthcare Trust, Redhill, United Kingdom
- *Correspondence: Christian Heiss,
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25
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Sesso HD, Manson JE, Aragaki AK, Rist PM, Johnson LG, Friedenberg G, Copeland T, Clar A, Mora S, Moorthy MV, Sarkissian A, Carrick WR, Anderson GL. Effect of cocoa flavanol supplementation for the prevention of cardiovascular disease events: the COcoa Supplement and Multivitamin Outcomes Study (COSMOS) randomized clinical trial. Am J Clin Nutr 2022; 115:1490-1500. [PMID: 35294962 PMCID: PMC9170467 DOI: 10.1093/ajcn/nqac055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2022] [Accepted: 03/01/2022] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cocoa extract is a source of flavanols that favorably influence vascular risk factors in small and short-term trials, yet effects on clinical cardiovascular events are untested. OBJECTIVES We examined whether cocoa extract supplementation decreases total cardiovascular disease (CVD) among older adults. METHODS We conducted a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, 2-by-2 factorial trial of cocoa extract supplementation and multivitamins for prevention of CVD and cancer among 21,442 US adults (12,666 women aged ≥65 y and 8776 men aged ≥60 y), free of major CVD and recently diagnosed cancer. The intervention phase was June 2015 through December 2020. This article reports on the cocoa extract intervention. Participants were randomly assigned to a cocoa extract supplement [500 mg flavanols/d, including 80 mg (-)-epicatechin] or placebo. The primary outcome was a composite of confirmed incident total cardiovascular events, including myocardial infarction (MI), stroke, coronary revascularization, cardiovascular death, carotid artery disease, peripheral artery surgery, and unstable angina. RESULTS During a median follow-up of 3.6 y, 410 participants taking cocoa extract and 456 taking placebo had confirmed total cardiovascular events (HR: 0.90; 95% CI: 0.78, 1.02; P = 0.11). For secondary endpoints, HRs were 0.73 (95% CI: 0.54, 0.98) for CVD death, 0.87 (95% CI: 0.66, 1.16) for MI, 0.91 (95% CI: 0.70, 1.17) for stroke, 0.95 (95% CI: 0.77, 1.17) for coronary revascularization, neutral for other individual cardiovascular endpoints, and 0.89 (95% CI: 0.77, 1.03) for all-cause mortality. Per-protocol analyses censoring follow-up at nonadherence supported a lower risk of total cardiovascular events (HR: 0.85; 95% CI: 0.72, 0.99). There were no safety concerns. CONCLUSIONS Cocoa extract supplementation did not significantly reduce total cardiovascular events among older adults but reduced CVD death by 27%. Potential reductions in total cardiovascular events were supported in per-protocol analyses. Additional research is warranted to clarify whether cocoa extract may reduce clinical cardiovascular events. This trial is registered at www.clinicaltrials.gov as NCT02422745.
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Affiliation(s)
- Howard D Sesso
- Division of Preventive Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - JoAnn E Manson
- Division of Preventive Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Aaron K Aragaki
- Division of Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Pamela M Rist
- Division of Preventive Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Lisa G Johnson
- Division of Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Georgina Friedenberg
- Division of Preventive Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Trisha Copeland
- Division of Preventive Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Allison Clar
- Division of Preventive Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Samia Mora
- Division of Preventive Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - M Vinayaga Moorthy
- Division of Preventive Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Ara Sarkissian
- Division of Preventive Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - William R Carrick
- Division of Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Garnet L Anderson
- Division of Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA
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Corral-Jara KF, Nuthikattu S, Rutledge J, Villablanca A, Fong R, Heiss C, Ottaviani JI, Milenkovic D. Structurally related (-)-epicatechin metabolites and gut microbiota derived metabolites exert genomic modifications via VEGF signaling pathways in brain microvascular endothelial cells under lipotoxic conditions: Integrated multi-omic study. J Proteomics 2022; 263:104603. [PMID: 35568144 DOI: 10.1016/j.jprot.2022.104603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2022] [Revised: 04/04/2022] [Accepted: 04/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Dysfunction of blood-brain barrier formed by endothelial cells of cerebral blood vessels, plays a key role in development of neurodegenerative disorders. Epicatechin exerts vasculo-protective effects through genomic modifications, however molecular mechanisms of action, particularly on brain endothelial cells, are largely unknow. This study aimed to use a multi-omic approach (transcriptomics of mRNA, miRNAs and lncRNAs, and proteomics), to provide novel in-depth insights into molecular mechanisms of how metabolites affect brain endothelial cells under lipid-stressed (as a model of BBB dysfunction) at physiological concentrations. We showed that metabolites can simultaneously modulate expression of protein-coding, non-coding genes and proteins. Integrative analysis revealed interactions between different types of RNAs and form functional groups of genes involved in regulation of processing like VEGF-related functions, cell signaling, cell adhesion and permeability. Molecular modeling of genomics data predicted that metabolites decrease endothelial cell permeability, increased by lipotoxic stress. Correlation analysis between genomic modifications observed and genomic signature of patients with vascular dementia and Alzheimer's diseases showed opposite gene expression changes. Taken together, this study describes for the first time a multi-omic mechanism of action by which (-)-epicatechin metabolites could preserve brain vascular endothelial cell integrity and reduce the risk of neurodegenerative diseases. SIGNIFICANCE: Dysfunction of the blood-brain barrier (BBB), characterized by dysfunction of endothelial cells of cerebral blood vessels, result in an increase in permeability and neuroinflammation which constitute a key factor in the development neurodegenerative disorders. Even though it is suggested that polyphenols can prevent or delay the development of these disorders, their impact on brain endothelial cells and underlying mechanisms of actions are unknow. This study aimed to use a multi-omic approach including analysis of expression of mRNA, microRNA, long non-coding RNAs, and proteins to provide novel global in-depth insights into molecular mechanisms of how (-)-epicatechin metabolites affect brain microvascular endothelial cells under lipid-stressed (as a model of BBB dysfunction) at physiological relevant conditions. The results provide basis of knowledge on the capacity of polyphenols to prevent brain endothelial dysfunction and consequently neurodegenerative disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Saivageethi Nuthikattu
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of California Davis, 95616 Davis, CA, USA
| | - John Rutledge
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of California Davis, 95616 Davis, CA, USA
| | - Amparo Villablanca
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of California Davis, 95616 Davis, CA, USA
| | - Reedmond Fong
- Department of Nutrition, University of California Davis, 95616 Davis, CA, USA
| | - Christian Heiss
- Clinical Medicine Section, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Surrey, Guildford, United Kingdom; Vascular Department, Surrey and Sussex NHS Healthcare Trust, East Surrey Hospital, Redhill, United Kingdom
| | | | - Dragan Milenkovic
- Department of Nutrition, University of California Davis, 95616 Davis, CA, USA; Université Clermont Auvergne, INRAE, UNH, F-63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France.
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27
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Rist PM, Sesso HD, Johnson LG, Aragaki AK, Wang L, Rautiainen S, Hazra A, Tobias DK, LeBoff MS, Schroeter H, Friedenberg G, Copeland T, Clar A, Tinker LF, Hunt RP, Bassuk SS, Sarkissian A, Smith DC, Pereira E, Carrick WR, Wion ES, Schoenberg J, Anderson GL, Manson JE. Design and baseline characteristics of participants in the COcoa Supplement and Multivitamin Outcomes Study (COSMOS). Contemp Clin Trials 2022; 116:106728. [PMID: 35288332 PMCID: PMC9133193 DOI: 10.1016/j.cct.2022.106728] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2021] [Revised: 03/01/2022] [Accepted: 03/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Background Cocoa extract and multivitamins have been proposed to reduce the risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD) and cancer, respectively. However, few randomized clinical trials have tested their long-term effects on these outcomes. Methods The COcoa Supplement and Multivitamin Outcomes Study (COSMOS) is a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, 2 × 2 factorial trial of a cocoa extract supplement and a multivitamin supplement to reduce the risk of CVD and cancer. Here we describe the pragmatic, hybrid design of the trial and baseline characteristics of the trial participants. Results The nationwide study population includes 21,442 U.S. women aged ≥65 years and men aged ≥60 years without baseline myocardial infarction (MI), stroke, or a recent (within the past 2 years) cancer diagnosis. Participants were randomized in a 2 × 2 factorial design to one of four groups: (1) cocoa extract (containing 500 mg/d flavanols, including 80 mg (-)-epicatechin) and a multivitamin (Centrum Silver©); (2) cocoa extract and multivitamin placebo; (3) multivitamin and cocoa extract placebo; or (4) both placebos. Randomization successfully distributed baseline demographic, clinical, behavioral, and dietary characteristics across treatment groups. Baseline biospecimens were collected from 6867 participants, with at least one follow-up biospecimen from 2142 participants. The primary outcome for the cocoa extract intervention is total CVD (a composite of MI, stroke, cardiovascular mortality, coronary revascularization, unstable angina requiring hospitalization, carotid artery surgery, and peripheral artery surgery); the primary outcome for the multivitamin intervention is total invasive cancer. Conclusion COSMOS will provide important information on the health effects of cocoa extract and multivitamin supplementation in older U.S. adults. Clinical Trials Registration: clinicaltrials.gov #NCT02422745.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pamela M Rist
- Division of Preventive Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA.
| | - Howard D Sesso
- Division of Preventive Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA.
| | - Lisa G Johnson
- Division of Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Aaron K Aragaki
- Division of Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Lu Wang
- Epidemiology, Janssen Research & Development, LLC, Titusville, NJ, USA
| | - Susanne Rautiainen
- Department of Global Public Health, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Aditi Hazra
- Division of Preventive Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Deirdre K Tobias
- Division of Preventive Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Meryl S LeBoff
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Hypertension, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | | | - Georgina Friedenberg
- Division of Preventive Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Trisha Copeland
- Division of Preventive Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Allison Clar
- Division of Preventive Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Lesley F Tinker
- Division of Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Rebecca P Hunt
- Division of Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Shari S Bassuk
- Division of Preventive Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Ara Sarkissian
- Division of Preventive Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Douglas C Smith
- Division of Preventive Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Eduardo Pereira
- Division of Preventive Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - William R Carrick
- Division of Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Emily S Wion
- Division of Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Jennifer Schoenberg
- Division of Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Garnet L Anderson
- Division of Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - JoAnn E Manson
- Division of Preventive Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
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28
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Heiss C, Istas G, Feliciano RP, Weber T, Wang B, Favari C, Mena P, Del Rio D, Rodriguez-Mateos A. Daily consumption of cranberry improves endothelial function in healthy adults: a double blind randomized controlled trial. Food Funct 2022; 13:3812-3824. [PMID: 35322843 DOI: 10.1039/d2fo00080f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Background: Previous studies indicate cardiovascular health benefits of cranberry juice consumption. However, whether daily consumption of whole cranberries will have sustained vascular benefits in healthy individuals is currently unknown. Objective: To investigate the vascular effects of acute and daily consumption of freeze dried whole cranberry in healthy men and how effects relate to circulating cranberry (poly)phenol metabolites. Methods: A double-blind, parallel-group, randomized controlled trial was conducted in 45 healthy male adults randomly allocated to 1 month daily consumption of either cranberry (9 g powder solubilized in water equivalent to 100 g of fresh cranberries, 525 mg total (poly)phenols) or control (9 g powder, no (poly)phenols). Flow-mediated dilation (FMD, primary outcome), pulse wave velocity (PWV), aortic augmentation index (AIx), blood pressure, heart rate, blood lipids, and blood glucose were assessed at baseline and at 2 h on day 1 and after 1 month. Plasma and 24 h-urine were analyzed before and after treatment using targeted quantitative LC-MS methods including 137 (poly)phenol metabolites. Results: Cranberry consumption significantly increased FMD at 2 h and 1-month (1.1% (95% CI: 1.1%, 1.8%); ptreatment ≤ 0.001; ptreatment × time = 0.606) but not PWV, AIx, blood pressure, heart rate, blood lipids, and glucose. Of the 56 and 74 (poly)phenol metabolites quantified in plasma and urine, 13 plasma and 13 urinary metabolites significantly increased 2 h post-consumption and on day 1, respectively, while 4 plasma and 13 urinary metabolites were significantly higher after 1-month of cranberry consumption, in comparison with control. A multi-variable stepwise linear regression analysis showed that plasma cinnamic acid-4'-glucuronide, 4-hydroxybenzoic acid-3-sulfate, 2,5-dihydroxybenzoic acid, 3'-hydroxycinnamic acid, and 5-O-caffeoylquinic acid were significant independent predictors of 2 h FMD effects (R2 = 0.71), while 3'-hydroxycinnamic acid, 4-methoxycinnamic acid-3'-glucuronide, 3-(4'-methoxyphenyl)propanoic acid 3'-sulfate, and 3-(4'-methoxyphenyl)propanoic acid 3'-glucuronide predicted the 1-month FMD effects (R2 = 0.52). Conclusions: Acute and daily consumption of whole cranberry powder for 1 month improves vascular function in healthy men and this is linked with specific metabolite profiles in plasma. The National Institutes of Health (NIH)-randomized trial records held on the NIH ClinicalTrials.gov website (NCT02764749). https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT02764749.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Heiss
- Division of Cardiology, Pulmonology, and Vascular Medicine, Medical Faculty, University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany.,Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Surrey, Guildford, UK.,Surrey and Sussex Healthcare NHS Trust, East Surrey Hospital, Redhill, UK
| | - Geoffrey Istas
- Division of Cardiology, Pulmonology, and Vascular Medicine, Medical Faculty, University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany.,Department of Nutritional Sciences, School of Life Course and Population Health Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, King's College London, Franklin-Wilkins Building, 150 Stamford Street, London, SE1 9NH, UK.
| | - Rodrigo P Feliciano
- Division of Cardiology, Pulmonology, and Vascular Medicine, Medical Faculty, University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Timon Weber
- Division of Cardiology, Pulmonology, and Vascular Medicine, Medical Faculty, University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Brian Wang
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, School of Life Course and Population Health Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, King's College London, Franklin-Wilkins Building, 150 Stamford Street, London, SE1 9NH, UK.
| | - Claudia Favari
- Human Nutrition Unit, Department of Food & Drug, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - Pedro Mena
- Human Nutrition Unit, Department of Food & Drug, University of Parma, Parma, Italy.,Microbiome Research Hub, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - Daniele Del Rio
- Human Nutrition Unit, Department of Food & Drug, University of Parma, Parma, Italy.,Microbiome Research Hub, University of Parma, Parma, Italy.,School of Advanced Studies on Food and Nutrition, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - Ana Rodriguez-Mateos
- Division of Cardiology, Pulmonology, and Vascular Medicine, Medical Faculty, University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany.,Department of Nutritional Sciences, School of Life Course and Population Health Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, King's College London, Franklin-Wilkins Building, 150 Stamford Street, London, SE1 9NH, UK.
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29
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Chen X, Guan X, Tang Y, Deng J, Zhang X. Effects of cocoa products intake on cardiometabolic biomarkers of type 2 diabetes patients: a systematic review and meta-analysis based on both long-term and short-term randomised controlled trials. Int J Food Sci Nutr 2022; 73:571-587. [DOI: 10.1080/09637486.2022.2046711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoli Chen
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Xiaoxian Guan
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Yujun Tang
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Jinlan Deng
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Xiaofeng Zhang
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
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30
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Tabone M, García-Merino JA, Bressa C, Rocha Guzman NE, Herrera Rocha K, Chu Van E, Castelli FA, Fenaille F, Larrosa M. Chronic Consumption of Cocoa Rich in Procyanidins Has a Marginal Impact on Gut Microbiota and on Serum and Fecal Metabolomes in Male Endurance Athletes. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2022; 70:1878-1889. [PMID: 35112856 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.1c07547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Cocoa is used in the sports world as a supplement, although there is no consensus on its use. We investigated the effect of cocoa intake on intestinal ischemia (intestinal fatty acid-binding protein (I-FABP)), serum lipopolysaccharide (LPS) levels, gastrointestinal symptoms, and gut microbiota in endurance athletes during their training period on an unrestricted diet. We also performed a metabolomics analysis of serum and feces after a bout of exercise before and after supplementation. Cocoa consumption had no effect on I-FABP, LPS, or gastrointestinal symptoms. Cocoa intake significantly increased the abundance of Blautia and Lachnospira genera and decreased the abundance of the Agathobacter genus, which was accompanied by elevated levels of polyphenol fecal metabolites 4-hydroxy-5-(phenyl)-valeric acid and O-methyl-epicatechin-O-glucuronide. Our untargeted approach revealed that cocoa had no significant effects on serum and fecal metabolites and that its consumption had little impact on the metabolome after a bout of physical exercise.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariangela Tabone
- MAS Microbiota Group, Faculty of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Universidad Europea de Madrid, Madrid 28670, Spain
| | - Jose Angel García-Merino
- MAS Microbiota Group, Faculty of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Universidad Europea de Madrid, Madrid 28670, Spain
| | - Carlo Bressa
- MAS Microbiota Group, Faculty of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Universidad Europea de Madrid, Madrid 28670, Spain
- Facultad de Ciencias Experimentales, Universidad Francisco de Vitoria, Pozuelo de Alarcón, Madrid 28223, Spain
| | - Nuria Elizabeth Rocha Guzman
- Grupo de Investigación en Alimentos Funcionales y Nutracéuticos, Unidad de Posgrado, Investigación y Desarrollo Tecnológico, TecNM/Instituto Tecnológico de Durango, Durango 34080, México
| | - Karen Herrera Rocha
- Grupo de Investigación en Alimentos Funcionales y Nutracéuticos, Unidad de Posgrado, Investigación y Desarrollo Tecnológico, TecNM/Instituto Tecnológico de Durango, Durango 34080, México
| | - Emeline Chu Van
- Université Paris-Saclay, CEA, INRAE, Département Médicaments et Technologies pour la Santé (DMTS), MetaboHUB, F-91191 Gif sur Yvette, France
| | - Florence A Castelli
- Université Paris-Saclay, CEA, INRAE, Département Médicaments et Technologies pour la Santé (DMTS), MetaboHUB, F-91191 Gif sur Yvette, France
| | - François Fenaille
- Université Paris-Saclay, CEA, INRAE, Département Médicaments et Technologies pour la Santé (DMTS), MetaboHUB, F-91191 Gif sur Yvette, France
| | - Mar Larrosa
- MAS Microbiota Group, Faculty of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Universidad Europea de Madrid, Madrid 28670, Spain
- Department of Nutrition and Food Science, School of Pharmacy, Complutense University of Madrid (UCM), Madrid 28040, Spain
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31
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Bussy U, You H, Kwik-Uribe C. OUP accepted manuscript. J AOAC Int 2022; 105:1060-1068. [PMID: 35080238 PMCID: PMC9247699 DOI: 10.1093/jaoacint/qsac007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2021] [Revised: 12/08/2021] [Accepted: 12/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
Abstract
Background Objective Method Results Conclusions Highlights
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Hong You
- Corresponding author’s e-mail: ;
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32
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Etaware PM. The effects of the phytochemistry of cocoa on the food chemistry of chocolate(s) and how disease resistance in cocoa can be improved using CRISPR/Cas9 technology. FOOD CHEMISTRY. MOLECULAR SCIENCES 2021; 3:100043. [PMID: 35415660 PMCID: PMC8991945 DOI: 10.1016/j.fochms.2021.100043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2021] [Revised: 09/17/2021] [Accepted: 09/19/2021] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
Consumers' rating of "chocolate brands" are majorly based on texture and taste rather than packaging. The texture/taste of a chocolate bar is largely influenced by the cocoa variety used for its production, whereas, its bioactive constituent is directly affected by the seed processing/chocolate manufacturing technique(s) adopted, and the additives used. Cacao is the key ingredient for chocolate production; therefore, the choicest varieties must be used to protect consumers' interest. Currently, the availability of the African variety is the only reason why it is globally sought-after for chocolate production rather than its taste. Therefore, a transfer of genetic materials from quality cocoa breeds into the high-yielding and resilient African variety or vice versa, would inferably increase the availability of quality cocoa beans all-year-round, and also increase the chances of obtaining sumptuous and palatable chocolates anywhere in the world.
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Key Words
- (-)-Catechin (PubChem CID: 73160)
- AFLP, Amplification Fragment Length Polymorphism
- Anthocyanin (PubChem CID: 11979368)
- BbsI, Biobricks Standard Idempotency (Restriction Endonuclease)
- CRISPR, Clustered Regularly Interspaced Short Palindromic Repeats
- CRISPR/Cas9 technology for gene editing
- CTAB, Cetyl trimethylammonium bromide
- Cacao beans
- Caffeine (PubChem CID: 2519)
- Cas9, CRISPR-associated protein 9
- Chocolate
- Disease resistance
- EcoRI, Restriction Endonuclease Enzyme isolated from E. coli
- Epicatechin (PubChem CID: 1203)
- Food chemistry
- Genetically modified hybrids
- HDL, High-Density Lipoprotein
- HindIII, Site-specific Deoxyribonuclease Enzyme from Haemophilus Influenzae
- IL-1 to IL-10, Interleukin 1 to 10
- LDL, Low-Density Lipoprotein
- ORAC, Oxygen Radical Absorbance Capacity
- Oleic acid (PubChem CID: 445639)
- PAM, Protospacer-Adjacent Motif
- PCR, Polymerase Chain Reaction
- Palmitic acid (PubChem CID: 9881577)
- Phytochemicals
- Proanthocyanidin (PubChem CID: 108065)
- RDA, Recommended Dietary Allowance
- RFLP, Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism
- ROS, Reactive Oxygen Species
- Stearic acid (PubChem CID: 5281)
- T generation, Transgenic generation
- T-DNA, Transfer Deoxyribonucleic Acid
- TNF-a, Tumor Necrosis Factor “a”
- Theobromine (PubChem CID: 5429)
- Theophylline (PubChem CID: 2153)
- cGMP, Cyclic Guanosine Monophosphate
- crRNA, CRISPR RNA
- dCAPs, Derived Cleaved Amplified Polymorphic Sequences
- eNOS, Endothelium-derived Nitric Oxide Synthase
- psgR-Cas9-At, Phosphorylated Single Guide RNA-Cas9-At
- sgRNA, Single Guide Ribonucleic Acid
- tracrRNA, Trans-Activating CRISPR RNA
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Mudiaga Etaware
- Department of Botany, Faculty of Science, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Oyo State, Nigeria
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33
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Ageing, Age-Related Cardiovascular Risk and the Beneficial Role of Natural Components Intake. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 23:ijms23010183. [PMID: 35008609 PMCID: PMC8745076 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23010183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2021] [Revised: 12/14/2021] [Accepted: 12/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Ageing, in a natural way, leads to the gradual worsening of the functional capacity of all systems and, eventually, to death. This process is strongly associated with higher metabolic and oxidative stress, low-grade inflammation, accumulation of DNA mutations and increased levels of related damage. Detrimental changes that accumulate in body cells and tissues with time raise the vulnerability to environmental challenges and enhance the risk of major chronic diseases and mortality. There are several theses concerning the mechanisms of ageing: genetic, free radical telomerase, mitochondrial decline, metabolic damage, cellular senescence, neuroendocrine theory, Hay-flick limit and membrane theories, cellular death as well as the accumulation of toxic and non-toxic garbage. Moreover, ageing is associated with structural changes within the myocardium, cardiac conduction system, the endocardium as well as the vasculature. With time, the cardiac structures lose elasticity, and fibrotic changes occur in the heart valves. Ageing is also associated with a higher risk of atherosclerosis. The results of studies suggest that some natural compounds may slow down this process and protect against age-related diseases. Animal studies imply that some of them may prolong the lifespan; however, this trend is not so obvious in humans.
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34
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Mena P, Bresciani L, Tassotti M, Rosi A, Martini D, Antonini M, Cas AD, Bonadonna R, Brighenti F, Del Rio D. Effect of different patterns of consumption of coffee and a cocoa-based product containing coffee on the nutrikinetics and urinary excretion of phenolic compounds. Am J Clin Nutr 2021; 114:2107-2118. [PMID: 34582552 DOI: 10.1093/ajcn/nqab299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2021] [Revised: 07/27/2021] [Accepted: 08/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Coffee consumption is associated with a reduced risk of several chronic diseases in a dose-dependent manner. Chronic intake results in the transient appearance of bioactive phenolic metabolites in the circulatory system. However, there is a lack of information on the impact of different patterns of coffee consumption on plasma and urinary profiles of phenolic metabolites. OBJECTIVES Plasma and urinary phenolic metabolites were investigated following regular consumption of different daily dosages of coffee or cocoa-based products containing coffee (CBPCC) under a real-life setting. METHODS A repeated-dose, randomized, crossover human intervention was conducted with 21 healthy volunteers. For 1 mo, participants consumed 1) 1 cup of coffee (1C), 2) 3 cups of coffee (3C), or 3) 1 cup of coffee + 2 CBPCC twice daily (PC). Plasma and urine samples were collected over a 24-h period after each treatment. The nutrikinetics and urinary excretion of native, human phase II, and colonic metabolites were assessed. RESULTS A total of 51 (poly)phenolic metabolites were quantified, with 41 metabolites being strictly related to coffee consumption. Significant differences were observed among treatments for most of the metabolites. The metabolites present in the highest amounts were the hydroxycinnamate, phenylpropanoic acid, benzaldehyde, and benzene classes, along with (-)-epicatechin and phenyl-γ-valerolactone derivatives after PC treatment. Daily average concentrations did not exceed 200 nmol/L and were <100 nmol/L for most of the metabolites. The excretion of coffee phenolics ranged from 40% to 70% of intake, indicating that coffee hydroxycinnamates are notably more bioavailable than previously thought. Interindividual variability was also investigated. CONCLUSIONS The absorption, metabolism, nutrikinetic profile, and bioavailability of coffee phenolics were established for different patterns of coffee consumption under real-life conditions. This work provides the basis for further nutritional epidemiology research and mode-of-action cell-based studies. This study was registered at clinicaltrials.gov as NCT03166540.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pedro Mena
- Human Nutrition Unit, Department of Food and Drug, University of Parma, Parma, Italy.,Microbiome Research Hub, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - Letizia Bresciani
- Human Nutrition Unit, Department of Food and Drug, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - Michele Tassotti
- Human Nutrition Unit, Department of Food and Drug, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - Alice Rosi
- Human Nutrition Unit, Department of Food and Drug, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - Daniela Martini
- Human Nutrition Unit, Department of Food and Drug, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - Monica Antonini
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolic Diseases, Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - Alessandra Dei Cas
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolic Diseases, Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - Riccardo Bonadonna
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolic Diseases, Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - Furio Brighenti
- Human Nutrition Unit, Department of Food and Drug, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - Daniele Del Rio
- Human Nutrition Unit, Department of Food and Drug, University of Parma, Parma, Italy.,Microbiome Research Hub, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
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Metabotypes of flavan-3-ol colonic metabolites after cranberry intake: elucidation and statistical approaches. Eur J Nutr 2021; 61:1299-1317. [PMID: 34750642 PMCID: PMC8921115 DOI: 10.1007/s00394-021-02692-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2021] [Accepted: 09/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Purpose Extensive inter-individual variability exists in the production of flavan-3-ol metabolites. Preliminary metabolic phenotypes (metabotypes) have been defined, but there is no consensus on the existence of metabotypes associated with the catabolism of catechins and proanthocyanidins. This study aims at elucidating the presence of different metabotypes in the urinary excretion of main flavan-3-ol colonic metabolites after consumption of cranberry products and at assessing the impact of the statistical technique used for metabotyping. Methods Data on urinary concentrations of phenyl-γ-valerolactones and 3-(hydroxyphenyl)propanoic acid derivatives from two human interventions has been used. Different multivariate statistics, principal component analysis (PCA), cluster analysis, and partial least square-discriminant analysis (PLS-DA), have been considered. Results Data pre-treatment plays a major role on resulting PCA models. Cluster analysis based on k-means and a final consensus algorithm lead to quantitative-based models, while the expectation–maximization algorithm and clustering according to principal component scores yield metabotypes characterized by quali-quantitative differences in the excretion of colonic metabolites. PLS-DA, together with univariate analyses, has served to validate the urinary metabotypes in the production of flavan-3-ol metabolites and to confirm the robustness of the methodological approach. Conclusions This work proposes a methodological workflow for metabotype definition and highlights the importance of data pre-treatment and clustering methods on the final outcomes for a given dataset. It represents an additional step toward the understanding of the inter-individual variability in flavan-3-ol metabolism. Trial registration The acute study was registered at clinicaltrials.gov as NCT02517775, August 7, 2015; the chronic study was registered at clinicaltrials.gov as NCT02764749, May 6, 2016. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s00394-021-02692-z.
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Iglesias-Aguirre CE, Cortés-Martín A, Ávila-Gálvez MÁ, Giménez-Bastida JA, Selma MV, González-Sarrías A, Espín JC. Main drivers of (poly)phenol effects on human health: metabolite production and/or gut microbiota-associated metabotypes? Food Funct 2021; 12:10324-10355. [PMID: 34558584 DOI: 10.1039/d1fo02033a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Despite the high human interindividual variability in response to (poly)phenol consumption, the cause-and-effect relationship between some dietary (poly)phenols (flavanols and olive oil phenolics) and health effects (endothelial function and prevention of LDL oxidation, respectively) has been well established. Most of the variables affecting this interindividual variability have been identified (food matrix, gut microbiota, single-nucleotide-polymorphisms, etc.). However, the final drivers for the health effects of (poly)phenol consumption have not been fully identified. At least partially, these drivers could be (i) the (poly)phenols ingested that exert their effect in the gastrointestinal tract, (ii) the bioavailable metabolites that exert their effects systemically and/or (iii) the gut microbial ecology associated with (poly)phenol metabolism (i.e., gut microbiota-associated metabotypes). However, statistical associations between health effects and the occurrence of circulating and/or excreted metabolites, as well as cross-sectional studies that correlate gut microbial ecologies and health, do not prove a causal role unequivocally. We provide a critical overview and perspective on the possible main drivers of the effects of (poly)phenols on human health and suggest possible actions to identify the putative actors responsible for the effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos E Iglesias-Aguirre
- Laboratory of Food & Health, Research Group on Quality, Safety and Bioactivity of Plant Foods, CEBAS-CSIC, 30100 Campus de Espinardo, Murcia, Spain.
| | - Adrián Cortés-Martín
- Laboratory of Food & Health, Research Group on Quality, Safety and Bioactivity of Plant Foods, CEBAS-CSIC, 30100 Campus de Espinardo, Murcia, Spain.
| | - María Á Ávila-Gálvez
- CEDOC, NOVA Medical School, Faculdade de Ciências Médicas, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal.,Instituto de Biologia Experimental e Tecnológica (IBET), Apartado 12, 2781-901, Oeiras, Portugal
| | - Juan A Giménez-Bastida
- Laboratory of Food & Health, Research Group on Quality, Safety and Bioactivity of Plant Foods, CEBAS-CSIC, 30100 Campus de Espinardo, Murcia, Spain.
| | - María V Selma
- Laboratory of Food & Health, Research Group on Quality, Safety and Bioactivity of Plant Foods, CEBAS-CSIC, 30100 Campus de Espinardo, Murcia, Spain.
| | - Antonio González-Sarrías
- Laboratory of Food & Health, Research Group on Quality, Safety and Bioactivity of Plant Foods, CEBAS-CSIC, 30100 Campus de Espinardo, Murcia, Spain.
| | - Juan Carlos Espín
- Laboratory of Food & Health, Research Group on Quality, Safety and Bioactivity of Plant Foods, CEBAS-CSIC, 30100 Campus de Espinardo, Murcia, Spain.
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Balayssac‐Siransy E, Ouattara S, Boka KJM, Ahiboh H, Yéo TA, Yapo P, Kondo AL, Touré WC, Edé KF, Dah CS, Bogui P. Dose-effect relation between regular consumption of 100% cocoa powder and blood pressure in young, healthy black Africans. Physiol Rep 2021; 9:e15070. [PMID: 34676690 PMCID: PMC8531838 DOI: 10.14814/phy2.15070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2021] [Revised: 08/31/2021] [Accepted: 09/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Some previous works have focused on dose-response relationship between cocoa consumption and blood pressure in Caucasians. As black subjects have lower nitric oxide bioavailability, the aim of this work was to determine the dose-effect relation between cocoa and blood pressure in black Africans. METHOD One hundred and thirty healthy black African males aged 18-30 were randomly assigned into four groups: three groups consuming 10 g, 5 g, or 2 g of cocoa powder daily for three weeks and one control group that did not consume cocoa. Systolic blood pressure (SBP), diastolic blood pressure (DBP), and heart rate (HR) were measured on day 1 (D1, before any subject consumed cocoa), D8, D15, and D22. Means of the parameters at each of the four visits and changes of the means were compared among the groups. RESULTS Significant decrease in SBP was noted in consumers of 10 g compared to controls in the 1st week, and compared to consumers of 2 g in the 2nd and 3rd weeks of follow-up. Means and changes of DBP were statistically similar among the four groups. CONCLUSION Among our cohort, decrease in SBP was significantly greater in the heavy cocoa consumer group (10 g) compared to the low consumer group (2 g), but there was no statistically significant difference when compared with the intermediate consumer group (5 g). The dose-response relationship between cocoa consumption and changes in SBP was not linear. No relationship was found between cocoa consumption and DBP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edwige Balayssac‐Siransy
- Laboratoire de Physiologie et d’Explorations FonctionnellesUnité de Formation et de Recherche en Sciences MédicalesUniversité Félix Houphouët‐BoignyAbidjanCôte d’Ivoire
- Service des Explorations FonctionnellesCentre hospitalier universitaire de YopougonAbidjanCôte d’Ivoire
| | - Soualiho Ouattara
- Laboratoire de Physiologie et d’Explorations FonctionnellesUnité de Formation et de Recherche en Sciences MédicalesUniversité Félix Houphouët‐BoignyAbidjanCôte d’Ivoire
| | - Kotchi Joël Michée Boka
- Laboratoire de Physiologie et d’Explorations FonctionnellesUnité de Formation et de Recherche en Sciences MédicalesUniversité Félix Houphouët‐BoignyAbidjanCôte d’Ivoire
| | - Hugues Ahiboh
- Laboratoire de BiochimieUnité de Formation et de Recherche en Sciences Pharmaceutiques et BiologiquesUniversité Félix Houphouët‐BoignyAbidjanCôte d’Ivoire
| | - Téniloh Augustin Yéo
- Laboratoire de Physiologie et d’Explorations FonctionnellesUnité de Formation et de Recherche en Sciences MédicalesUniversité Félix Houphouët‐BoignyAbidjanCôte d’Ivoire
| | - Paule‐Denise Yapo
- Laboratoire de Physiologie et d’Explorations FonctionnellesUnité de Formation et de Recherche en Sciences MédicalesUniversité Félix Houphouët‐BoignyAbidjanCôte d’Ivoire
| | - Aya Liliane Kondo
- Laboratoire de Physiologie et d’Explorations FonctionnellesUnité de Formation et de Recherche en Sciences MédicalesUniversité Félix Houphouët‐BoignyAbidjanCôte d’Ivoire
| | - Walamitien Cyrille Touré
- Laboratoire de Physiologie et d’Explorations FonctionnellesUnité de Formation et de Recherche en Sciences MédicalesUniversité Félix Houphouët‐BoignyAbidjanCôte d’Ivoire
| | - Kotchi Fabrice Edé
- Laboratoire de Physiologie et d’Explorations FonctionnellesUnité de Formation et de Recherche en Sciences MédicalesUniversité Félix Houphouët‐BoignyAbidjanCôte d’Ivoire
| | - Cyrille Serges Dah
- Laboratoire de Physiologie et d’Explorations FonctionnellesUnité de Formation et de Recherche en Sciences MédicalesUniversité Félix Houphouët‐BoignyAbidjanCôte d’Ivoire
- Service des Explorations FonctionnellesCentre hospitalier universitaire de CocodyAbidjanCôte d’Ivoire
| | - Pascal Bogui
- Laboratoire de Physiologie et d’Explorations FonctionnellesUnité de Formation et de Recherche en Sciences MédicalesUniversité Félix Houphouët‐BoignyAbidjanCôte d’Ivoire
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Cinar ZÖ, Atanassova M, Tumer TB, Caruso G, Antika G, Sharma S, Sharifi-Rad J, Pezzani R. Cocoa and cocoa bean shells role in human health: An updated review. J Food Compost Anal 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jfca.2021.104115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
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Fong RY, Kuhnle GGC, Crozier A, Schroeter H, Ottaviani JI. Validation of a high-throughput method for the quantification of flavanol and procyanidin biomarkers and methylxanthines in plasma by UPLC-MS. Food Funct 2021; 12:7762-7772. [PMID: 34231610 DOI: 10.1039/d1fo01228b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Nutritional biomarkers are critical tools to objectively assess intake of nutrients and other compounds from the diet. In this context, it is essential that suitable analytical methods are available for the accurate quantification of biomarkers in large scale studies. Recently, structurally-related (-)-epicatechin metabolites (SREMs) and 5-(3',4'-dihydroxyphenyl)-γ-valerolactone metabolites (gVLMs) were identified as biomarkers of intake of flavanols and procyanidins, a group of polyphenol bioactives. This study aimed at validating a high throughput method for the quantification of SREMs and gVLMs in plasma along with methylxanthines (MXs), dietary compounds known to interact with flavanol and procyanidin effects. To accomplish this, a full set of authentic analytical standards were used to optimize a micro solid phase extraction method for sample preparation coupled to HPLC-MS detection. Isotopically-labelled standards for all analytes were included to correct potential matrix effects on quantification. Average accuracies of 101%, 93% and 103% were obtained, respectively, for SREMs, gVLMs and MXs. Intra- and inter-day repeatability values were <15%. The method showed linear responses for all analytes (>0.993). Most SREMs and gVLMs had limits of quantifications <5 nM while limits of quantification of MXs were 0.2 μM. All analytes were stable under different tested processing conditions. Finally, the method proved to be suitable to assess SREMs, gVLMs and MXs in plasma collected after single acute and daily intake of cocoa-derived test materials. Overall, this method proved to be a valid analytical tool for high throughput quantification of flavanol and procyanidin biomarkers and methylxanthines in plasma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reedmond Y Fong
- Department of Nutrition, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA
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Sayago-Ayerdi S, García-Martínez DL, Ramírez-Castillo AC, Ramírez-Concepción HR, Viuda-Martos M. Tropical Fruits and Their Co-Products as Bioactive Compounds and Their Health Effects: A Review. Foods 2021; 10:foods10081952. [PMID: 34441729 PMCID: PMC8393595 DOI: 10.3390/foods10081952] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2021] [Revised: 08/13/2021] [Accepted: 08/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Tropical and subtropical fruits are recognized as a source of a high content of bioactive compounds and health promoting properties due to their nutritional composition. These beneficial health effects are related to the content of several of these bioactive compounds, mainly flavonoids and non-flavonoid phenolics. Many of these compounds are common in different tropical fruits, such as epicatechin in mango, pineapple, and banana, or catechin in pineapple, cocoa or avocado. Many studies of tropical fruits had been carried out, but in this work an examination is made in the current literature of the flavonoids and non-flavonoid phenolics content of some tropical fruits and their coproducts, comparing the content in the same units, as well as examining the role that these compounds play in health benefits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonia Sayago-Ayerdi
- Tecnologico Nacional de Mexico, Instituto Tecnologico de Tepic, Av Tecnológico 2595, Col Lagos del Country, Tepic 63175, Nayarit Mexico, Mexico; (S.S.-A.); (D.L.G.-M.); (A.C.R.-C.); (H.R.R.-C.)
| | - Diana Laura García-Martínez
- Tecnologico Nacional de Mexico, Instituto Tecnologico de Tepic, Av Tecnológico 2595, Col Lagos del Country, Tepic 63175, Nayarit Mexico, Mexico; (S.S.-A.); (D.L.G.-M.); (A.C.R.-C.); (H.R.R.-C.)
| | - Ailin Cecilia Ramírez-Castillo
- Tecnologico Nacional de Mexico, Instituto Tecnologico de Tepic, Av Tecnológico 2595, Col Lagos del Country, Tepic 63175, Nayarit Mexico, Mexico; (S.S.-A.); (D.L.G.-M.); (A.C.R.-C.); (H.R.R.-C.)
| | - Heidi Rubí Ramírez-Concepción
- Tecnologico Nacional de Mexico, Instituto Tecnologico de Tepic, Av Tecnológico 2595, Col Lagos del Country, Tepic 63175, Nayarit Mexico, Mexico; (S.S.-A.); (D.L.G.-M.); (A.C.R.-C.); (H.R.R.-C.)
| | - Manuel Viuda-Martos
- IPOA Research Group, Centro de Investigación e Innovación Agroalimentaria y Agroambiental (CIAGRO-UMH), Agro-Food Technology Department, Miguel Hernández University, Orihuela, 03312 Alicante, Spain
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +34-966-749-661
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Development and validation of HPLC-MS 2 methodology for the accurate determination of C4-C8 B-type flavanols and procyanidins. Sci Rep 2021; 11:14761. [PMID: 34285271 PMCID: PMC8292358 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-93993-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2021] [Accepted: 06/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Cocoa flavanols and procyanidins (CFs), natural dietary bioactives, have been studied extensively over the past two decades for their potential health benefits. Research on their safety and efficacy is critically dependent upon on the ability to reliably characeterize the research materials that are utilized, and with growing consumer availability of CF-based products, reliable methods for the detection of potential adulteration are of increasing importance. This research focused on the development of a high performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry method (HPLC-MS2) using primary standards and 13C-labelled procyanidins as internal standards. The ability of MS2 detection to discriminate A- and B-type procyanidins was demonstrated. Method performances were validated for degrees of polymerization up to four in seven model food matrices. Accuracy ranged from 90.9 to 125.4% and precision was < 10% at lower concentrations. Finally, the method was applied to cocoa-based samples and compared to the AOAC 2020.05 analytical protocol, supporting the use of NIST 8403 as reference material for HPLC-MS2 analysis.
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Huang L, Xiao D, Zhang X, Sandhu AK, Chandra P, Kay C, Edirisinghe I, Burton-Freeman B. Strawberry Consumption, Cardiometabolic Risk Factors, and Vascular Function: A Randomized Controlled Trial in Adults with Moderate Hypercholesterolemia. J Nutr 2021; 151:1517-1526. [PMID: 33758944 DOI: 10.1093/jn/nxab034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2020] [Revised: 01/05/2021] [Accepted: 01/28/2021] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Certain fruits, such as strawberries, may impart cardiometabolic benefits due to their phytochemical content. OBJECTIVES Study aims were to assess the effects of strawberry intake on cardiometabolic risk factors and vascular endothelial function in adults with moderate hypercholesterolemia. METHODS This study was a randomized, controlled, double-blinded, 2-arm, 2-period (4-wk/period) crossover trial. Adults (n = 34; male/female 1:1; mean ± SEM age, 53 ± 1 y; BMI, 31 ± 1 kg/m2; LDL cholesterol, 133 ± 3 mg/dL) were randomly allocated to 1 of 2 study sequences in a 1:1 ratio. Participants drank study beverages twice daily containing freeze-dried strawberry powder (2 × 25 g) or energy-, volume-matched control powder for 4 wk separated by a 4-wk washout. The primary outcome variable was the difference in fasting LDL cholesterol after 4-wk interventions. Secondary outcomes were metabolic markers, inflammation, quantitative (poly)phenolic metabolomics, flow-mediated dilation (FMD), and blood pressure (BP), with the latter (FMD, BP) also assessed acutely at 1 h and 2 h after a 50-g bolus strawberry or control beverage. Mixed-model analysis of repeated measures via PROC MIXED, PC-SAS was performed on primary and secondary outcome variables. RESULTS LDL cholesterol did not differ after the 4-wk interventions (P > 0.05), nor did fasting total cholesterol, triglycerides, glucose, insulin, high-sensitivity C-reactive protein, FMD, or BP (all P > 0.05). Significant intervention-by-hour interaction for FMD (P = 0.03) and BP (P = 0.05) revealed increased FMD at 1 h after strawberry compared with control by 1.5 ± 0.38% (P = 0.0008) and attenuated systolic BP at 2 h by 3.1 ± 0.99 mmHg (P = 0.02). Select phenolic metabolites increased significantly (P < 0.05) in blood following strawberry consumption while others decreased, including 3-(4-methoxyphenyl)propanoic acid-3-O-glucuronide, which was significantly correlated with increased FMD (P < 0.05). CONCLUSION Strawberries may improve vascular health, independent of other metabolic changes. The effect may be related to changes in microbial-derived phenolic metabolites after strawberry consumption influencing endothelial function. Data support inclusion of strawberries in a heart-healthy diet in adults with moderate hypercholesterolemia.This trial was registered at clinicaltrials.gov as NCT02612090.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leailin Huang
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Center for Nutrition Research, Institute for Food Safety and Health, Illinois Institute of Technology, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Di Xiao
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Center for Nutrition Research, Institute for Food Safety and Health, Illinois Institute of Technology, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Xuhuiqun Zhang
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Center for Nutrition Research, Institute for Food Safety and Health, Illinois Institute of Technology, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Amandeep K Sandhu
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Center for Nutrition Research, Institute for Food Safety and Health, Illinois Institute of Technology, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Preeti Chandra
- Food Bioprocessing & Nutrition Sciences, Plants for Human Health Institute, North Carolina State University, North Carolina Research Campus, Kannapolis, NC, USA
| | - Colin Kay
- Food Bioprocessing & Nutrition Sciences, Plants for Human Health Institute, North Carolina State University, North Carolina Research Campus, Kannapolis, NC, USA
| | - Indika Edirisinghe
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Center for Nutrition Research, Institute for Food Safety and Health, Illinois Institute of Technology, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Britt Burton-Freeman
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Center for Nutrition Research, Institute for Food Safety and Health, Illinois Institute of Technology, Chicago, IL, USA
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Bussy U, Ottaviani JI, Kwik-Uribe C. Evolution of cocoa flavanol analytics: impact on reporting and cross-study comparison. Food Funct 2021; 12:3433-3442. [PMID: 33900344 DOI: 10.1039/d1fo00215e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Cocoa flavanols (CF) are a group of dietary bioactives that have been studied for their potential health benefits for over two decades. In this time, multiple methods for CF testing have evolved, introducing the potential for differences in reported CF content. The reliable characterization of CF content in food and test materials used in clinical studies is critical to comparisons of research studies over time, as well as critical to enabling the systematic reviews and meta-analyses required to support dietary recommendations of bioactives. In this work, we compared two analytical methods that have been widely applied to characterize materials used in clinical research and a method newly recognized by AOAC as the official method for CF analysis. Differences in accuracy of -36% to +20% were observed when comparing CF contents determined with these methods, supporting the notion that CF values determined across methods are not directly comparable. To address differences, a linear regression model was developed to predict CF values. This approach was cross-validated and directly applied to the conversion of CF values published in key scientific papers on the benefits of CF. This work provides a valid tool to compare CF values reported across these different methods and enables comparisons and interpretation of studies investigating the bioactivity of CF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ugo Bussy
- Mars Incorporated, 6885 Elm St, McLean, VA 22101, USA.
| | - Javier I Ottaviani
- Mars Incorporated, 6885 Elm St, McLean, VA 22101, USA. and Department of Nutrition, University of California, Davis, CA 95616-5270, USA
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Sian TS, Din USU, Deane CS, Smith K, Gates A, Lund JN, Williams JP, Rueda R, Pereira SL, Phillips BE, Atherton PJ. Cocoa Flavanols Adjuvant to an Oral Nutritional Supplement Acutely Enhances Nutritive Flow in Skeletal Muscle without Altering Leg Glucose Uptake Kinetics in Older Adults. Nutrients 2021; 13:nu13051646. [PMID: 34068170 PMCID: PMC8152976 DOI: 10.3390/nu13051646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2021] [Revised: 05/05/2021] [Accepted: 05/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Ageing is associated with postprandial muscle vascular and metabolic dysfunction, suggesting vascular modifying interventions may be of benefit. Reflecting this, we investigated the impact of acute cocoa flavanol (450-500 mg) intake (versus placebo control) on vascular (via ultrasound) and glucose/insulin metabolic responses (via arterialised/venous blood samples and ELISA) to an oral nutritional supplement (ONS) in twelve healthy older adults (50% male, 72 ± 4 years), in a crossover design study. The cocoa condition displayed significant increases in m. vastus lateralis microvascular blood volume (MBV) in response to feeding at 180 and 240-min after ONS consumption (baseline: 1.00 vs. 180 min: 1.09 ± 0.03, p = 0.05; 240 min: 1.13 ± 0.04, p = 0.002), with MBV at these timepoints significantly higher than in the control condition (p < 0.05). In addition, there was a trend (p = 0.058) for MBV in m. tibialis anterior to increase in response to ONS in the cocoa condition only. Leg blood flow and vascular conductance increased, and vascular resistance decreased in response to ONS (p < 0.05), but these responses were not different between conditions (p > 0.05). Similarly, glucose uptake and insulin increased in response to ONS (p < 0.05) comparably between conditions (p > 0.05). Thus, acute cocoa flavanol supplementation can potentiate oral feeding-induced increases in MBV in older adults, but this improvement does not relay to muscle glucose uptake.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tanvir S Sian
- MRC-Versus Arthritis Centre for Musculoskeletal Ageing Research and National Institute for Health Research Nottingham Biomedical Research Centre, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Derby DE22 3DT, UK; (T.S.S.); (U.S.U.D.); (K.S.); (A.G.); (J.N.L.); (J.P.W.)
- Department of Surgery and Anaesthetics, Royal Derby Hospital, Derby DE22 3NE, UK
| | - Ushnah S. U. Din
- MRC-Versus Arthritis Centre for Musculoskeletal Ageing Research and National Institute for Health Research Nottingham Biomedical Research Centre, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Derby DE22 3DT, UK; (T.S.S.); (U.S.U.D.); (K.S.); (A.G.); (J.N.L.); (J.P.W.)
| | - Colleen S. Deane
- Department of Sport and Health Sciences, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Exeter, Exeter EX1 2LU, UK;
- Living Systems Institute, University of Exeter, Stocker Road, Exeter EX4 4QD, UK
| | - Ken Smith
- MRC-Versus Arthritis Centre for Musculoskeletal Ageing Research and National Institute for Health Research Nottingham Biomedical Research Centre, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Derby DE22 3DT, UK; (T.S.S.); (U.S.U.D.); (K.S.); (A.G.); (J.N.L.); (J.P.W.)
| | - Amanda Gates
- MRC-Versus Arthritis Centre for Musculoskeletal Ageing Research and National Institute for Health Research Nottingham Biomedical Research Centre, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Derby DE22 3DT, UK; (T.S.S.); (U.S.U.D.); (K.S.); (A.G.); (J.N.L.); (J.P.W.)
| | - Jonathan N. Lund
- MRC-Versus Arthritis Centre for Musculoskeletal Ageing Research and National Institute for Health Research Nottingham Biomedical Research Centre, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Derby DE22 3DT, UK; (T.S.S.); (U.S.U.D.); (K.S.); (A.G.); (J.N.L.); (J.P.W.)
- Department of Surgery and Anaesthetics, Royal Derby Hospital, Derby DE22 3NE, UK
| | - John P. Williams
- MRC-Versus Arthritis Centre for Musculoskeletal Ageing Research and National Institute for Health Research Nottingham Biomedical Research Centre, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Derby DE22 3DT, UK; (T.S.S.); (U.S.U.D.); (K.S.); (A.G.); (J.N.L.); (J.P.W.)
- Department of Surgery and Anaesthetics, Royal Derby Hospital, Derby DE22 3NE, UK
| | - Ricardo Rueda
- Research and Development, Abbott Nutrition, 18004 Granada, Spain;
| | | | - Bethan E. Phillips
- MRC-Versus Arthritis Centre for Musculoskeletal Ageing Research and National Institute for Health Research Nottingham Biomedical Research Centre, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Derby DE22 3DT, UK; (T.S.S.); (U.S.U.D.); (K.S.); (A.G.); (J.N.L.); (J.P.W.)
- Correspondence: (B.E.P.); (P.J.A.)
| | - Philip J. Atherton
- MRC-Versus Arthritis Centre for Musculoskeletal Ageing Research and National Institute for Health Research Nottingham Biomedical Research Centre, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Derby DE22 3DT, UK; (T.S.S.); (U.S.U.D.); (K.S.); (A.G.); (J.N.L.); (J.P.W.)
- Correspondence: (B.E.P.); (P.J.A.)
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Chen L, Wang L, Shu G, Li J. Antihypertensive Potential of Plant Foods: Research Progress and Prospect of Plant-Derived Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibition Compounds. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2021; 69:5297-5305. [PMID: 33939411 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.1c02117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Global health concerns are clearly evidenced by cardiovascular disease, kidney damage, and heart attacks. Antihypertensive synthetic drugs, including angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors, effectively control hypertension but with unpleasant side effects. In recent decades, studies on the role of food-derived compounds have provided a positive contribution to ACE regulation. Here, the research progress of plant food-derived phenolic compounds as ACE inhibitors is reviewed. A survey of bioactive compounds of plant food is presented to broaden the source scope of natural ACE inhibitors. A consecutive understanding of plant-derived ACE inhibitors classification, inhibition mechanism, structure-activity relationship, and bioavailability are scientifically organized. The emerging evidence highlights areas that need further research, including those related to molecular structure, bioaccessibility, and interactions with gut microflora. Future research on such topics may encourage basic research and clinic application to exploit these plant food constituents as novel ACE inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Chen
- College of Food Engineering and Nutritional Science, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an 710119, P. R. China
| | - Linlin Wang
- College of Food Engineering and Nutritional Science, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an 710119, P. R. China
| | - Guowei Shu
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi'an 710021, P. R. China
| | - Jianke Li
- College of Food Engineering and Nutritional Science, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an 710119, P. R. China
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Al-Dashti YA, Holt RR, Keen CL, Hackman RM. Date Palm Fruit ( Phoenix dactylifera): Effects on Vascular Health and Future Research Directions. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22094665. [PMID: 33925062 PMCID: PMC8125345 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22094665] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2021] [Revised: 04/26/2021] [Accepted: 04/27/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular disease is a leading cause of death globally, presenting an immense public and economic burden. Studies on cardioprotective foods and their bioactive components are needed to address both personal and public health needs. Date fruit is rich in polyphenols, particularly flavonoids, certain micronutrients, and dietary fiber, which can impact vascular health, and have the potential to attenuate vascular disease in humans. Data from in vitro and animal studies report that consumption of date fruit or extracts can modulate select markers of vascular health, particularly plasma lipid levels including triglycerides and cholesterol, indices of oxidative stress and inflammation, but human data is scant. More investigation is needed to better characterize date polyphenols and unique bioactive compounds or fractions, establish safe and effective levels of intake, and delineate underlying mechanisms of action. Implementing scientific rigor in clinical trials and assessment of functional markers of vascular disease, such as flow-mediated dilation and peripheral arterial tonometry, along with gut microbiome profiles would provide useful information with respect to human health. Emerging data supports the notion that intake of date fruit and extracts can be a useful component of a healthy lifestyle for those seeking beneficial effects on vascular health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yousef A. Al-Dashti
- Department of Food and Nutrition Science, College of Health Sciences, Public Authority for Applied Education and Training, Shuwaikh 70654, Kuwait
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +965-9978-7153
| | - Roberta R. Holt
- Department of Nutrition, University of California Davis, One Shields Avenue, Davis, CA 95616, USA; (R.R.H.); (C.L.K.); (R.M.H.)
| | - Carl L. Keen
- Department of Nutrition, University of California Davis, One Shields Avenue, Davis, CA 95616, USA; (R.R.H.); (C.L.K.); (R.M.H.)
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of California Davis Medical Center, Sacramento, CA 95817, USA
| | - Robert M. Hackman
- Department of Nutrition, University of California Davis, One Shields Avenue, Davis, CA 95616, USA; (R.R.H.); (C.L.K.); (R.M.H.)
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Cocoa Flavanols Improve Vascular Responses to Acute Mental Stress in Young Healthy Adults. Nutrients 2021; 13:nu13041103. [PMID: 33801767 PMCID: PMC8065749 DOI: 10.3390/nu13041103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2021] [Revised: 03/10/2021] [Accepted: 03/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Mental stress has been shown to induce cardiovascular events, likely due to its negative impact on vascular function. Flavanols, plant-derived polyphenolic compounds, improve endothelial function and blood pressure (BP) in humans, however their effects during stress are not known. This study examined the effects of acute intake of cocoa flavanols on stress-induced changes on vascular function. In a randomised, controlled, double-blind, cross-over intervention study, 30 healthy men ingested a cocoa flavanol beverage (high-flavanol: 150 mg vs. low-flavanol < 4 mg (-)-epicatechin) 1.5 h before an 8-min mental stress task). Forearm blood flow (FBF), BP, and cardiovascular activity were assessed pre- and post-intervention, both at rest and during stress. Endothelial function (brachial flow-mediated dilatation, FMD) and brachial BP were measured before the intervention and 30 and 90 min post-stress. FMD was impaired 30 min post-stress, yet high-flavanol cocoa attenuated this decline and remained significantly higher compared to low-flavanol cocoa at 90 min post-stress. High-flavanol cocoa increased FBF at rest and during stress. Stress-induced cardiovascular and BP responses were similar in both conditions. Flavanols are effective at counteracting mental stress-induced endothelial dysfunction and improving peripheral blood flow during stress. These findings suggest the use of flavanol-rich dietary strategies to protect vascular health during stress.
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Martin MÁ, Ramos S. Impact of cocoa flavanols on human health. Food Chem Toxicol 2021; 151:112121. [PMID: 33722594 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2021.112121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2020] [Revised: 03/05/2021] [Accepted: 03/08/2021] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Cocoa is a source of flavanols, and these phenolic compounds exert beneficial effects on health and aging, and reduce the risk of suffering chronic diseases (cardiovascular diseases, metabolic disorders, cancer). An increasing body of evidence has emerged to suggest that cocoa flavanols potentially are important chemopreventive natural agents. This review summarizes human studies from the past two decades, providing data related to the effects derived from cocoa intake on health and disease. Most human studies have reported beneficial effects of cocoa consumption on health and chronic diseases; however, outcomes are not unequivocal. Review of human studies enable to identify different mechanisms of action for cocoa, although they are not fully understood at present. In addition, it remains unclear whether cocoa consumption should be recommended to healthy subjects or to patients and what is the appropriate dosage or duration of cocoa consumption. Elucidation of information regarding these crucial issues could lead to cocoa use as an approach for decreasing the risk of certain chronic diseases, as well as improving health and quality of life.
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Affiliation(s)
- María Ángeles Martin
- Department of Metabolism and Nutrition, Institute of Food Science and Technology and Nutrition (ICTAN-CSIC), José Antonio Novais 10, Ciudad Universitaria, 28040, Madrid, Spain; Spanish Biomedical Research Centre in Diabetes and Associated Metabolic Disorders (CIBERDEM), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Madrid, Spain
| | - Sonia Ramos
- Department of Metabolism and Nutrition, Institute of Food Science and Technology and Nutrition (ICTAN-CSIC), José Antonio Novais 10, Ciudad Universitaria, 28040, Madrid, Spain.
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Dębski H, Wiczkowski W, Horbowicz M. Effect of Elicitation with Iron Chelate and Sodium Metasilicate on Phenolic Compounds in Legume Sprouts. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26051345. [PMID: 33802449 PMCID: PMC7959454 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26051345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2021] [Revised: 02/24/2021] [Accepted: 02/26/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Seven-day-old sprouts of fenugreek (Trigonella foenum-graecum L.), lentil (Lens culinaris L.), and alfalfa (Medicagosativa L.) were studied. The legume seeds and then sprouts were soaked each day for 30 min during 6 days with water (control) or mixture of Fe-EDTA and sodium silicate (Optysil), or sodium silicate (Na-Sil) alone. Germination and sprout growing was carried out at temperature 20 ± 2 °C in 16/8 h (day/night) conditions. Phenolic compounds (free, ester, and glycosides) content were determined by HPLC-ESI-MS/MS using a multiple reaction monitoring of selected ions. Flavonoids and phenolic acids were released from their esters after acid hydrolysis and from glycosides by alkaline hydrolysis. The presence and high content of (−)-epicatechin (EC) in fenugreek sprouts was demonstrated for the first time. Applied elicitors decreased the level of free EC in fenugreek and alfalfa sprouts but enhanced the content of its esters. Besides, elicitors decreased the content of quercetin glycosides in lentil and fenugreek sprouts but increased the content of quercetin and apigenin glycosides in alfalfa sprouts. The applied elicitors decreased the glycoside levels of most phenolic acids in lentil and p-hydroxybenzoic acid in fenugreek, while they increased the content of this acid in alfalfa. The mixture of iron chelate and sodium silicate had less effect on changes in flavonoid and phenolic acid content in legume sprouts than silicate alone. In general, the used elicitors increased the content of total phenolic compounds in fenugreek and alfalfa sprouts and decreased the content in lentil sprouts. Among the evaluated elicitors, Optysil seems to be worth recommending due to the presence of iron chelate, which can be used to enrich sprouts with this element.
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Affiliation(s)
- Henryk Dębski
- Faculty of Exact and Natural Sciences, Institute of Biological Sciences, Siedlce University of Natural Sciences and Humanities, Prusa 14, 08-110 Siedlce, Poland;
| | - Wiesław Wiczkowski
- Department of Chemistry and Biodynamics of Food, Institute of Animal Reproduction and Food Research of the Polish Academy of Sciences, Tuwima 10, 10-748 Olsztyn, Poland;
| | - Marcin Horbowicz
- Faculty of Exact and Natural Sciences, Institute of Biological Sciences, Siedlce University of Natural Sciences and Humanities, Prusa 14, 08-110 Siedlce, Poland;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +48-25-643-1232
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50
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Bolea G, Philouze C, Dubois M, Risdon S, Humberclaude A, Ginies C, Charles AL, Geny B, Reboul C, Arnaud C, Dufour C, Meyer G. Digestive n-6 Lipid Oxidation, a Key Trigger of Vascular Dysfunction and Atherosclerosis in the Western Diet: Protective Effects of Apple Polyphenols. Mol Nutr Food Res 2021; 65:e2000487. [PMID: 33450108 DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.202000487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2020] [Revised: 01/04/2021] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
SCOPE A main risk factor of atherosclerosis is a Western diet (WD) rich in n-6 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) sensitive to oxidation. Their oxidation can be initiated by heme iron of red meat leading to the formation of 4-hydroxy-2-nonenal (4-HNE), a cytotoxic aldehyde. An increased 4-HNE production is implicated in endothelial dysfunction and atherosclerosis. By contrast, a diet rich in proanthocyanidins reduces oxidative stress and arterial diseases. This study evaluates the effects of a WD on vascular integrity in ApolipoproteinE (ApoE-/- ) mice and the protective capacity of apple extract and puree rich in antioxidant proanthocyanidins. METHODS AND RESULTS ApoE-/- mice are fed during 12 weeks with a WD with or without n-6 PUFAs. Moreover, two WD + n-6 PUFAs groups are supplemented with apple puree or phenolic extract. An increase in digestive 4-HNE production associated with a rise in plasmatic 4-HNE and oxidized LDL concentrations is reported. Oxidizable n-6 PUFAs consumption is associated with a worsened endothelial dysfunction and atherosclerosis. Interestingly, supplementations with apple polyphenol extract or puree prevented these impairments while reducing oxidative stress. CONCLUSION n-6 lipid oxidation during digestion may be a key factor of vascular impairments. Nevertheless, an antioxidant strategy can limit 4-HNE formation during digestion and thus durably protect vascular function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gaëtan Bolea
- EA4278 LaPEC, Laboratory of Cardiovascular Pharm-ecology, Avignon University, Avignon, F-84000, France
- INRAE, UMR408 SQPOV, Safety and Quality of Plant Products, Avignon University, Avignon, F-84000, France
| | - Clothilde Philouze
- EA4278 LaPEC, Laboratory of Cardiovascular Pharm-ecology, Avignon University, Avignon, F-84000, France
| | - Mathilde Dubois
- EA4278 LaPEC, Laboratory of Cardiovascular Pharm-ecology, Avignon University, Avignon, F-84000, France
| | - Sydney Risdon
- EA4278 LaPEC, Laboratory of Cardiovascular Pharm-ecology, Avignon University, Avignon, F-84000, France
| | - Anaïs Humberclaude
- EA4278 LaPEC, Laboratory of Cardiovascular Pharm-ecology, Avignon University, Avignon, F-84000, France
| | - Christian Ginies
- INRAE, UMR408 SQPOV, Safety and Quality of Plant Products, Avignon University, Avignon, F-84000, France
| | - Anne-Laure Charles
- UR3072, Translational Medicine Federation of Strasbourg (FMTS), Faculty of Medicine, Team 3072, Mitochondria, Oxidative Stress and Muscle Protection, University of Strasbourg, Strasbourg, F-67000, France
| | - Bernard Geny
- UR3072, Translational Medicine Federation of Strasbourg (FMTS), Faculty of Medicine, Team 3072, Mitochondria, Oxidative Stress and Muscle Protection, University of Strasbourg, Strasbourg, F-67000, France
| | - Cyril Reboul
- EA4278 LaPEC, Laboratory of Cardiovascular Pharm-ecology, Avignon University, Avignon, F-84000, France
| | - Claire Arnaud
- U1042 HP2, Cardiovascular and Respiratory Pathophysiology and Hypoxia, INSERM, Grenoble University, Grenoble, F-38000, France
| | - Claire Dufour
- INRAE, UMR408 SQPOV, Safety and Quality of Plant Products, Avignon University, Avignon, F-84000, France
| | - Grégory Meyer
- EA4278 LaPEC, Laboratory of Cardiovascular Pharm-ecology, Avignon University, Avignon, F-84000, France
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