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Stephenson M, Barr P, Thomas N, Cooke M, Latvala A, Rose RJ, Kaprio J, Dick D, Salvatore JE. Patterns and predictors of alcohol misuse trajectories from adolescence through early midlife. Dev Psychopathol 2024:1-17. [PMID: 38465371 DOI: 10.1017/s0954579424000543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/12/2024]
Abstract
We took a multilevel developmental contextual approach and characterized trajectories of alcohol misuse from adolescence through early midlife, examined genetic and environmental contributions to individual differences in those trajectories, and identified adolescent and young adult factors associated with change in alcohol misuse. Data were from two longitudinal population-based studies. FinnTwin16 is a study of Finnish twins assessed at 16, 17, 18, 25, and 35 years (N = 5659; 52% female; 32% monozygotic). The National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent to Adult Health (Add Health) is a study of adolescents from the United States, who were assessed at five time points from 1994 to 2018 (N = 18026; 50% female; 64% White, 21% Black, 4% Native American, 7% Asian, 9% Other race/ethnicity). Alcohol misuse was measured as frequency of intoxication in FinnTwin16 and frequency of binge drinking in Add Health. In both samples, trajectories of alcohol misuse were best described by a quadratic growth curve: Alcohol misuse increased across adolescence, peaked in young adulthood, and declined into early midlife. Individual differences in these trajectories were primarily explained by environmental factors. Several adolescent and young adult correlates were related to the course of alcohol misuse, including other substance use, physical and mental health, and parenthood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mallory Stephenson
- Virginia Institute for Psychiatric and Behavioral Genetics, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA
| | - Peter Barr
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, SUNY Downstate Health Sciences University, Brooklyn, NY, USA
| | - Nathaniel Thomas
- Department of Psychology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA
| | - Megan Cooke
- Department of Psychiatry, Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ, USA
| | - Antti Latvala
- Institute of Criminology and Legal Policy, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Richard J Rose
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN, USA
| | - Jaakko Kaprio
- Department of Public Health, Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Danielle Dick
- Department of Psychiatry, Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ, USA
| | - Jessica E Salvatore
- Department of Psychiatry, Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ, USA
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2
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Jung B, Kim H. The validity of transdiagnostic factors in predicting homotypic and heterotypic continuity of psychopathology symptoms over time. Front Psychiatry 2023; 14:1096572. [PMID: 37275971 PMCID: PMC10235495 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2023.1096572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2022] [Accepted: 05/04/2023] [Indexed: 06/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Studies of the continuity of psychopathology symptoms mainly involved the traditional conceptualization that mental disorders are discrete entities. However, high comorbidity rates suggest a few transdiagnostic factors that underlie individual disorders. Therefore, the present study examined the validity of transdiagnostic factors in predicting homotypic and heterotypic continuity of comorbidity classes across two waves in a nationally representative sample. We conducted a latent transition analysis to investigate how transdiagnostic factors differentially affect the transition probabilities of comorbidity classes across time. Results found a notable predictive validity of transdiagnostic factors: (a) internalizing strongly predicted the stability of the internalizing class and transition from the externalizing class to internalizing class, and (b) externalizing predicted the transition from the internalizing class to externalizing class. The study also found a more dynamic prediction pattern leading to equifinality and multifinality of psychopathology symptoms. The findings suggest that transdiagnostic factors can provide information on how individuals' symptom manifestations change over time, highlighting the potential benefits of incorporating transdiagnostic factors into assessment, treatment, and prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Hyunsik Kim
- Department of Psychology, Sogang University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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3
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Ning K, Patalay P, L Maggs J, Ploubidis GB. Early life mental health and problematic drinking in mid-adulthood: evidence from two British birth cohorts. Soc Psychiatry Psychiatr Epidemiol 2021; 56:1847-1858. [PMID: 33765212 PMCID: PMC8429378 DOI: 10.1007/s00127-021-02063-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2020] [Accepted: 03/10/2021] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Accumulating evidence suggests that externalising problems are consistently associated with alcohol use behaviours, but findings are inconsistent regarding the role of internalising problems. We investigate whether externalising and internalising problems are associated with problematic drinking in mid-adulthood, and whether potential associations are modified by age, sex and cohort. METHODS The National Child Development Study (NCDS58, n = 17,633) and 1970 British Cohort Study (BCS70, n = 17,568) recruited new-borns in Great Britain in a single week in 1958 and 1970. Mental health was assessed with the Rutter Behaviour Questionnaire at ages 7, 11, and 16 in NCDS58 and ages 5, 10 and 16 in BCS70. Problematic drinking was measured with the CAGE questionnaire at age 33 in NCDS58 and age 34 in BCS70, and the AUDIT scale at age 44/45 in NCDS58 and age 46 in BCS70. Latent scores of externalising and internalising problems were added chronologically into lagged logistic regression models. RESULTS Externalising and internalising problems were associated in opposite directions with problematic drinking in mid-adulthood. Externalising was a risk factor (OR [95% CI] ranging from 1.06 [1.03, 1.10] to 1.11 [1.07, 1.15] for different ages), and internalising was a protective factor (OR [95% CI] ranging from 0.95 [0.92, 0.99] to 0.90 [0.86, 0.94] for different ages). Associations between early life mental health and mid-adulthood problematic drinking did not differ by developmental timing but were stronger in males. CONCLUSION Our study provides new insights on links of externalising and internalising difficulties with alcohol use and has implications for public policy in the UK.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ke Ning
- Centre for Longitudinal Studies, UCL Social Research Institute, University College London, London, UK.
| | - Praveetha Patalay
- Centre for Longitudinal Studies, UCL Social Research Institute, University College London, London, UK
- MRC Unit for Lifelong Health and Ageing, University College London, London, UK
| | - Jennifer L Maggs
- College of Health and Human Development, Pennsylvania State University, State College, USA
| | - George B Ploubidis
- Centre for Longitudinal Studies, UCL Social Research Institute, University College London, London, UK
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de Goede J, van der Mark-Reeuwijk KG, Braun KP, le Cessie S, Durston S, Engels RCME, Goudriaan AE, Moons KGM, Vollebergh WAM, de Vries TJ, Wiers RW, Oosterlaan J. Alcohol and Brain Development in Adolescents and Young Adults: A Systematic Review of the Literature and Advisory Report of the Health Council of the Netherlands. Adv Nutr 2021; 12:1379-1410. [PMID: 33530096 DOI: 10.1093/advances/nmaa170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2020] [Revised: 10/20/2020] [Accepted: 12/04/2020] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Young people, whose brains are still developing, might entail a greater vulnerability to the effects of alcohol consumption on brain function and development. A committee of experts of the Health Council of the Netherlands evaluated the state of scientific knowledge regarding the question whether alcohol negatively influences brain development in young people. A systematic literature search for prospective studies was performed in PubMed and PsychINFO, for longitudinal studies of adolescents or young adults ranging between 12 and 24 y of age at baseline, investigating the relation between alcohol use and outcome measures of brain structure and activity, cognitive functioning, educational achievement, or alcohol use disorder (AUD), with measures at baseline and follow-up of the outcome of interest. Data were extracted from original articles and study quality was assessed using the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale. A total of 77 studies were included, 31 of which were of sufficient quality in relation to the study objectives. There were indications that the gray matter of the brain develops abnormally in young people who drink alcohol. In addition, the more often young people drink or the younger they start, the higher the risk of developing AUD later in life. The evidence on white matter volume or quality, brain activity, cognitive function, and educational achievement is still limited or unclear. The committee found indications that alcohol consumption can have a negative effect on brain development in adolescents and young adults and entails a risk of later AUD. The committee therefore considers it a wise choice for adolescents and young adults not to drink alcohol.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Kees P Braun
- Department of Child Neurology, Brain Center, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Saskia le Cessie
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands.,Department of Biomedical Datasciences, section Medical Statistics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Sarah Durston
- NICHE-lab, Department of Psychiatry, Brain Center, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Rutger C M E Engels
- Department of Psychology, Education & Child Studies/Clinical Psychology, Erasmus University, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Anna E Goudriaan
- Department of Psychiatry, Amsterdam University Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands.,Arkin, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Karel G M Moons
- Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Wilma A M Vollebergh
- Faculty of Social and Behavioral Sciences, University of Utrecht, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Taco J de Vries
- Department of Anatomy and Neurosciences, Amsterdam University Medical Center, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Reinout W Wiers
- Addiction Development and Psychopathology (ADAPT)-lab, Department of Psychology, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Jaap Oosterlaan
- Emma Children's Hospital, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands.,Emma Neuroscience Group, Department of Pediatrics, Amsterdam Reproduction & Development, Amsterdam, Netherlands
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Samek DR, Hicks BM, Iacono WG, McGue M. Personality, romantic relationships, and alcohol use disorder symptoms in adolescence and young adulthood: An evaluation of personality × social context interplay. Dev Psychopathol 2020; 32:1097-1112. [PMID: 31452479 PMCID: PMC10035555 DOI: 10.1017/s0954579419001111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Prior research has shown that person-level characteristics (e.g., temperament, personality) correlate and interact with social-contextual factors (e.g., parent-child relationship quality, antisocial peer affiliation) to predict adolescent substance use, but less research has examined similar processes for adult substance use problems. We addressed this gap by testing for personality × romantic partner context interplay in relation to symptoms of alcohol use disorder (AUD) at ages 24 and 29. Participants were twins in the longitudinal Minnesota Twin Family Study (N = 2,769; 52% female). Results support the corresponsive principle of personality in that we found that key personality traits in late adolescence (low constraint, negative emotionality) predicted subsequent "selection" into key social contexts in early adulthood (poorer quality romantic relationships and greater romantic partner alcohol use), which subsequently reinforced those traits and associated outcomes (including correlated AUD symptoms) through late young adulthood. There were few meaningful gender differences in these associations. There was also no support for the personality × romantic partner context interaction as a significant predictor of AUD symptoms at ages 24 or 29. Taken together with prior studies, these results suggest that such interactions may be less relevant to the development of young adult AUD compared to adolescent substance use problems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diana R. Samek
- Department of Human Development and Family Studies, Auburn University
| | | | | | - Matt McGue
- Department of Psychology, University of Minnesota
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6
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Cheng HG, Kendler KS, Edwards AC. Associations between major depressive symptoms and drinking onset: Do sex and age matter? J Affect Disord 2020; 266:549-555. [PMID: 32056925 PMCID: PMC7103543 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2020.01.176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2019] [Revised: 12/30/2019] [Accepted: 01/28/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND There has been mixed evidence about whether major depression predicts drinking onset. Empirical evidence about whether the heterogeneity of major depressive symptoms differentially predicts drinking onset is scarce, and potential sex- and age-variations have not been fully studied. In this study, we estimate sex- and age-specific relationships linking (a) depressed mood and/or anhedonia with drinking onset among all 'at-risk' individuals and (b) three latent depressive constructs, manifested by 13 clinical features, with drinking onset among individuals with depressed mood and/or anhedonia. METHODS Study population was non-institutionalized civilian residents 12 years of age and older living in the United States. Major depressive symptoms and drinking onset were assessed via audio-computer-assisted self-interviews. Logistic regressions and structural equation modeling were used for analysis. RESULTS Among all 'at risk' individuals, depressed mood or anhedonia strongly predicted early-adolescent drinking onset, whereas they did not predict at-age drinking onset. Among individuals with depressed mood or anhedonia, a 3-factor model provided a good fit to the data for all sex- and age-subgroups. With the exception of early-adolescent boys, neurovegetative symptoms and suicide-related symptoms tended to positively predict underage drinking onset, whereas Low mood or energy tended to inversely predict underage drinking onset; limited evidence was found for at-age and post-21 drinking onset. LIMITATIONS The observational nature precludes causal inference. Few people initiated alcohol drinking later than 21 years of age, which resulted in less precise estimates. CONCLUSIONS Strengths and directions of major depressive symptoms predicting drinking onset vary across age, sex, and depressive symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Kenneth S. Kendler
- Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine, Department of Psychiatry; Virginia Institute for Psychiatric and Behavioral Genetics
| | - Alexis C. Edwards
- Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine, Department of Psychiatry; Virginia Institute for Psychiatric and Behavioral Genetics
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Ning K, Gondek D, Patalay P, Ploubidis GB. The association between early life mental health and alcohol use behaviours in adulthood: A systematic review. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0228667. [PMID: 32069303 PMCID: PMC7028290 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0228667] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2019] [Accepted: 01/20/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
This systematic review aims to summarise current evidence on the association between early life mental health and alcohol use behaviours in adulthood. Peer-reviewed publications were located by searching EMBASE, Medline, PsycINFO, and the ISI Web of Science up to 31 October 2018. Prospective longitudinal studies reporting associations between externalising problems (EXT), internalising problems (INT), depression, anxiety before age 18, and alcohol use behaviours (alcohol consumption, heavy/problematic drinking, alcohol use disorder) after age 18 were included. After screening 17259 articles, 36 articles met the inclusion criteria. Information extracted included strength of associations, age when mental health and alcohol use behaviours were measured, sex differences in the association, and other sample characteristics. 103 tests in 23 articles were identified on the externalising domain and 135 tests in 26 articles on the internalising domain. 37 out of 103 tests reported positive associations between EXT and alcohol use behaviours. The likelihood of observing positive associations was higher for more severe alcohol use outcomes, but this trend disappeared among high-quality studies. Findings on associations between internalising domain and alcohol use varied across their subtypes. INT tended to be negatively associated with alcohol consumption but positively associated with more severe outcomes (heavy/problematic drinking, alcohol use disorder). Depression tended to be positively associated with alcohol outcomes, while no clear association between anxiety and alcohol outcomes was evident. Variation of the association across developmental timing, sex, culture, historical period was explored where appropriate. Great heterogeneity in the current literature calls for greater attention to view the relationship developmentally.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ke Ning
- Centre for Longitudinal Studies, Department of Social Science, University College of London, London, The United Kingdom
| | - Dawid Gondek
- Centre for Longitudinal Studies, Department of Social Science, University College of London, London, The United Kingdom
| | - Praveetha Patalay
- Centre for Longitudinal Studies, Department of Social Science, University College of London, London, The United Kingdom
| | - George B. Ploubidis
- Centre for Longitudinal Studies, Department of Social Science, University College of London, London, The United Kingdom
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Lemoine M, Gmel G, Foster S, Marmet S, Studer J. Multiple trajectories of alcohol use and the development of alcohol use disorder: Do Swiss men mature-out of problematic alcohol use during emerging adulthood? PLoS One 2020; 15:e0220232. [PMID: 31986142 PMCID: PMC6984690 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0220232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2018] [Accepted: 07/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
(A) OBJECTIVE This study aimed to identify trajectories of alcohol use (AU) and their associations with the development of alcohol use disorder (AUD) among young men with different weekly drinking patterns. (B) METHOD A longitudinal latent class analysis integrating several aspects of AU, such as drinking quantity and frequency on weekends vs workweek days, involving 4719 young Swiss men at ages 20, 21, and 25, and collected by the Cohort Study on Substance Use Risk Factors, was used to identify different AU trajectories over time. The development of AUD scores in these trajectories was investigated using generalized linear mixed models. (C) RESULTS Six AU trajectory classes, similar to those described in the literature, were identified: 'abstainers-light drinkers', 'light workweek increasers', 'light decreasers', 'moderate weekend decreasers', 'moderate workweek increasers', and 'heavy drinkers'. Only 12% of participants were assigned to a trajectory class with decreasing AU associated with a decline in their AUD score. AUD scores increased in trajectory classes exhibiting increasing AU on workweek days, despite low and moderate general AU. Finally, more than 59% of participants were on an AU trajectory presenting no change in their mean AUD score over time. (D) CONCLUSIONS Maturing out of problematic AU in emerging adulthood is not the norm in Switzerland, and the AUD score developed in late adolescence remains until at least emerging adulthood. AU on workweek days is a more practical marker of potentially problematic AU. This calls for timely interventions in adolescence and concerning regular drinking on workweek days in emerging adulthood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mélissa Lemoine
- Addiction Medicine, Lausanne University Hospital CHUV, Rue du Bugnon, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Gerhard Gmel
- Addiction Medicine, Lausanne University Hospital CHUV, Rue du Bugnon, Lausanne, Switzerland
- Addiction Switzerland, Lausanne, Switzerland
- Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, ON, Canada
- University of the West of England, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - Simon Foster
- Swiss Research Institute for Public Health and Addiction at Zurich University, Konradstrasse, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Simon Marmet
- Addiction Medicine, Lausanne University Hospital CHUV, Rue du Bugnon, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Joseph Studer
- Addiction Medicine, Lausanne University Hospital CHUV, Rue du Bugnon, Lausanne, Switzerland
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Just-Østergaard E, Flensborg-Madsen T, Knop J, Sørensen HJ, Becker U, Mortensen EL. Intelligence in young adulthood and alcohol use disorders in a prospective cohort study of Danish men: the role of psychiatric disorders and parental psychiatric history. BMJ Open 2019; 9:e028997. [PMID: 31488478 PMCID: PMC6731796 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2019-028997] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The aims were to estimate the association between intelligence measured in young adulthood and risk of alcohol use disorders (AUD) in men and to investigate the potential modification of this association by psychiatric disorders, parental AUD and parental psychiatric disorders. DESIGN Prospective cohort study based on a linkage of intelligence test scores from draft board examinations and register data on AUD diagnoses during 36 years of follow-up. SETTING Denmark. PARTICIPANTS 3287 Danish men from the Copenhagen Perinatal Cohort (born 1959-1961) who appeared before the draft board at a mean age of 18.7 years. PRIMARY OUTCOME MEASURE First registration with AUD during follow-up was the primary outcome. Information on AUD was based on diagnoses retrieved from national hospital and outpatient treatment registers, defined according to the International Classification of Diseases. RESULTS 361 (11.0%) men were registered with AUD during follow-up. Low intelligence scores were associated with increased odds of AUD adjusting for parental AUD, parental psychiatric disorders, maternal smoking during pregnancy, birth weight, maternal age at birth, parity and childhood socioeconomic position (OR per SD decrease in intelligence=1.69, 95% CI 1.49 to 1.92). Separate analyses indicated significant interaction (p<0.001) between intelligence and psychiatric disorders. The adjusted OR per SD decrease in intelligence score was 2.04 (95% CI 1.67 to 2.49) in men without other psychiatric disorders whereas the OR was 1.21 (95% CI 1.01 to 1.46) in men with other psychiatric disorders. No interaction was found between intelligence and parental AUD or between intelligence and parental psychiatric disorders. CONCLUSIONS The association between intelligence in young adulthood and AUD is modified by other psychiatric disorders as low intelligence is primarily a risk factor for men without other psychiatric disorders. Future studies should take other psychiatric disorders into account when investigating associations between intelligence and AUD.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Joachim Knop
- Department of Public Health, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | | | - Ulrik Becker
- National Institute of Public Health, University of Southern Denmark, Copenhagen, Denmark
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Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study tested longitudinal associations between cannabis use and cardiometabolic risk factors that underlie the development of cardiovascular diseases. METHODS Participants were men from the youngest cohort of the Pittsburgh Youth Study who were followed prospectively from approximately age 7 to 32 years (N = 253). Frequency of cannabis use was assessed yearly from approximately ages 12 to 20 years and again at approximately ages 26, 29, and 32 years. The following cardiometabolic risk factors were assessed during a laboratory visit at approximately age 32 years: body mass index (BMI), waist-hip ratio, high- and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, triglycerides, fasting glucose, insulin resistance, blood pressure, interleukin 6, and C-reactive protein. RESULTS Greater cannabis exposure was associated with relatively lower BMI (β = -0.31, p < .001), smaller waist-hip ratio (β = -0.23, p = .002), better high- (β = 0.14, p = .036) and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (β = -0.15, p = .026), lower triglycerides (β = -0.17, p = .009), lower fasting glucose (β = -0.15, p < .001) and insulin resistance (β = -0.21, p = .003), lower systolic (β = -0.22, p < .001) and diastolic blood pressure (β = -0.15, p = .028), and fewer metabolic syndrome criteria (β = -0.27, p < .001). With exception of BMI, cannabis users' mean levels on cardiometabolic risk factors were generally below clinical cutoffs for high risk. Most associations between cannabis use and cardiometabolic risk factors remained after adjusting for tobacco use, childhood socioeconomic status, and childhood health. However, after adjusting for adult BMI, these associations were no longer apparent, and mediation tests suggested that cannabis users' relatively lower BMI might explain their lower levels of risk on other cardiometabolic risk factors. CONCLUSIONS Cannabis use is associated with lower BMI, and lower BMI is related to lower levels of risk on other cardiometabolic risk factors.
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Seeley JR, Farmer RF, Kosty DB, Gau JM. Prevalence, incidence, recovery, and recurrence of alcohol use disorders from childhood to age 30. Drug Alcohol Depend 2019; 194:45-50. [PMID: 30399499 PMCID: PMC7018515 DOI: 10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2018.09.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2018] [Revised: 09/13/2018] [Accepted: 09/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Little is known about the course of alcohol use disorders (AUDs) in representative samples during high-risk periods of adolescence and early adulthood. The primary objective of this research is to describe the prevalence and course of initial AUD episodes experienced between childhood and age 30 in a regionally representative cohort sample. METHODS Study data are from an epidemiological study of 816 youth. Participants were initially selected at random from nine high schools in western Oregon, USA. Four waves of data collection were conducted between ages 16 and 30. AUD course milestones are referenced to participants' age. RESULTS Results indicated that male participants (43%) were significantly more likely to be diagnosed with a lifetime AUD than female participants (28%), OR [CI95] = 1.97 [1.47-2.65], and rate of first incidence was especially high between ages 18 and 24.9, a developmental period that also corresponded to the peak interval in prevalence rates. The rate of first AUD incidence substantially diminished beginning around age 25. Among those with an initial AUD episode, 87% recovered by age 30 and, of these, the average episode length was 23 months. Among recovered cases, 33% went on to experience a second AUD episode (i.e., a recurrence) after a minimum 12-month asymptomatic recovery period. Risk for recurrence remained relatively high within the 5 years following initial AUD offset. CONCLUSIONS AUDs are common lifetime conditions in representative samples, whereby most affected individuals by age 30 experience a time-limited course rather than a recurring or persistent course.
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Affiliation(s)
- John R. Seeley
- University of Oregon, College of Education, 1215 University St., Eugene, OR, 97403, USA,Oregon Research Institute, 1776 Millrace Drive, Eugene, OR, 97403, USA
| | - Richard F. Farmer
- Oregon Research Institute, 1776 Millrace Drive, Eugene, OR, 97403, USA
| | - Derek B. Kosty
- Oregon Research Institute, 1776 Millrace Drive, Eugene, OR, 97403, USA
| | - Jeff M. Gau
- Oregon Research Institute, 1776 Millrace Drive, Eugene, OR, 97403, USA
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Kenney SR, DiGuiseppi GT, Meisel MK, Balestrieri SG, Barnett NP. Poor mental health, peer drinking norms, and alcohol risk in a social network of first-year college students. Addict Behav 2018; 84:151-159. [PMID: 29684764 DOI: 10.1016/j.addbeh.2018.04.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2018] [Revised: 03/16/2018] [Accepted: 04/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE College students with anxiety and depressive symptomatology face escalated risk for alcohol-related negative consequences. While it is well-established that normative perceptions of proximal peers' drinking behaviors influence students' own drinking behaviors, it is not clear how mental health status impacts this association. In the current study, we examined cross-sectional relationships between anxiety and depressed mood, perceived drinking behaviors and attitudes of important peers, and past month alcohol consumption and related problems in a first-semester college student social network. METHOD Participants (N = 1254, 55% female, 47% non-Hispanic White) were first-year students residing on campus at a single university who completed a web-based survey assessing alcohol use, mental health, and social connections among first-year student peers. Network autocorrelation models were used to examine the independent and interactive associations between mental health and perceptions of close peers' drinking on drinking outcomes, controlling for important variables. RESULTS Mental health interacted with perceptions to predict past-month drinking outcomes, such that higher anxiety and higher perceptions that peers drink heavily was associated with more drinks consumed and consequences, and higher depression and perceptions was associated with more drinks consumed, heavy drinking frequency, and consequences. Attitudes that peers approve of heavy drinking were associated with more drinks consumed and heavy drinking frequency among students with lower (vs. higher) depressed mood. CONCLUSIONS This study provides strong evidence that perceiving that close peers drink heavily is particularly risk-enhancing for anxious and depressed college students, and offers implications about alcohol intervention targeted at these subgroups.
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13
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Sternberg A, Pandika D, Elam KK, Chassin L. The relation of parent alcohol disorder to young adult drinking outcomes mediated by parenting: Effects of developmentally limited versus persistent parent alcohol disorder. Drug Alcohol Depend 2018; 188:224-231. [PMID: 29783094 PMCID: PMC6029693 DOI: 10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2018.03.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2017] [Revised: 03/14/2018] [Accepted: 03/16/2018] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Parent alcohol use disorder (AUD) is a well-established risk factor for the development of offspring AUD and is associated with poor parenting. However, few studies have examined heterogeneity in trajectories of parental AUD and its influence on adolescent offspring drinking, and no studies to date have considered the differential risk to offspring conferred by parental AUDs that are limited to early adulthood. Specifically, AUDs limited to the period of emerging adulthood may confer less risk to a child's environment as recovery following emerging adulthood coincides with the typical ages of entry into the parenting role. The present study tested whether parental AUDs developmentally limited to emerging adulthood (DLAUD) transmit less risk for alcohol problems and alcohol consumption in offspring compared to offspring of parents with AUDs spanning across multiple developmental periods (persistent AUD), as mediated by positive parenting strategies. METHOD Pathways were examined using longitudinal mediation models (N = 361) comparing offspring with parental DLAUD, persistent AUD, and no AUD. RESULTS Parents with DLAUD do not transmit the same risk for alcohol problems to offspring as parents with persistent AUD (B = 0.173, SE = 0.067, p < .05); more offspring alcohol problems were associated with persistent AUD than with DLAUD. Positive parenting mediated the transmission of risk from parental AUD to offspring alcohol problems (B = 0.040, SE = 0.019, p < .05) and consumption (B = 0.019, SE = 0.011, p < .05) only when comparing persistent AUD vs. no parental AUD. CONCLUSION Findings suggest that the developmental period in which parents' recovery occurs is a useful way to categorize "recovered" AUDs versus current AUDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ariel Sternberg
- Department of Psychology, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85287-3701, USA.
| | - Danielle Pandika
- Department of Psychology, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85287-3701, USA
| | - Kit K Elam
- Department of Psychology, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85287-3701, USA
| | - Laurie Chassin
- Department of Psychology, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85287-3701, USA
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14
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Betts KS, Alati R, Baker P, Letcher P, Hutchinson D, Youssef G, Olsson CA. The natural history of risky drinking and associated harms from adolescence to young adulthood: findings from the Australian Temperament Project. Psychol Med 2018; 48:23-32. [PMID: 28956519 DOI: 10.1017/s0033291717000654] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND We aimed to describe the natural history of heavy episodic drinking (HED) and associated harms from adolescence to young adulthood in a large Australian population cohort study. METHOD The Australian Temperament Project consists of mothers and babies (4-8 months) recruited from Infant Welfare Centres and followed every 2 to 4 years until age 28 years. Analyses were based on data from 1156 young people (497 male; 659 female) surveyed repeatedly at ages 16, 18, 20, 24 and 28 years. We used dual processes latent class growth analysis to estimate trajectories of HED and associated harms, employing a piecewise approach to model the hypothesized rise and subsequent fall across adolescence and the late twenties, respectively. RESULTS We identified four sex-specific trajectories and observed little evidence of maturing-out across the twenties. In males, a normative pattern of increasing HED across the twenties with little related harm was observed (40% of the male sample). Early and late starter groups that peaked in harms at age 20 years with only minor attenuation in binging thereafter were also observed (6.1% and 35%, respectively). In females, a normative pattern of increasing, but moderate, HED with little related harm was observed (44% of the female sample). Early and late starter groups were also identified (18% and 17%, respectively); however, unlike males, the female late starter group showed a pattern of increasing HED and related harms. CONCLUSIONS Continued patterns of risky alcohol use and related harms are apparent for both males and females across the twenties.
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Affiliation(s)
- K S Betts
- The University of Queensland, School of Population Health,Herston, QLD,Australia
| | - R Alati
- The University of Queensland, School of Population Health,Herston, QLD,Australia
| | - P Baker
- The University of Queensland, School of Population Health,Herston, QLD,Australia
| | - P Letcher
- Department of Paediatrics,Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Health Sciences,The University of Melbourne,Parkville,VIC,Australia
| | - D Hutchinson
- Faculty of Health,Deakin University, Centre for Social and Early Emotional Development School of Psychology,VIC,Australia
| | - G Youssef
- Faculty of Health,Deakin University, Centre for Social and Early Emotional Development School of Psychology,VIC,Australia
| | - C A Olsson
- Department of Paediatrics,Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Health Sciences,The University of Melbourne,Parkville,VIC,Australia
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15
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Wångby-Lundh M, Klingstedt ML, Bergman LR, Ferrer-Wreder L. Swedish adolescent girls in special residential treatment: A person-oriented approach to the identification of problem syndromes. NORDIC PSYCHOLOGY 2017. [DOI: 10.1080/19012276.2017.1323663] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Marie-Louise Klingstedt
- School of Health, Care and Social Welfare, Division of Psychology, Mälardalens University, Västerås, Sweden
- Department of Psychology, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Lars R. Bergman
- Department of Psychology, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
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16
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Hildebrandt T, Epstein EE, Sysko R, Bux DA. Using Factor Mixture Models to Evaluate the Type A/B Classification of Alcohol Use Disorders in a Heterogeneous Treatment Sample. Alcohol Clin Exp Res 2017; 41:987-997. [PMID: 28247423 PMCID: PMC5404935 DOI: 10.1111/acer.13367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2016] [Accepted: 02/22/2017] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The type A/B classification model for alcohol use disorders (AUDs) has received considerable empirical support. However, few studies examine the underlying latent structure of this subtyping model, which has been challenged as a dichotomization of a single drinking severity dimension. Type B, relative to type A, alcoholics represent those with early age of onset, greater familial risk, and worse outcomes from alcohol use. METHODS We examined the latent structure of the type A/B model using categorical, dimensional, and factor mixture models in a mixed-gender community treatment-seeking sample of adults with an AUD. RESULTS Factor analytic models identified 2 factors (drinking severity/externalizing psychopathology and internalizing psychopathology) underlying the type A/B indicators. A factor mixture model with 2 dimensions and 3 classes emerged as the best overall fitting model. The classes reflected a type A class and 2 type B classes (B1 and B2) that differed on the respective level of drinking severity/externalizing pathology and internalizing pathology. Type B1 had a greater prevalence of women and more internalizing pathology and B2 had a greater prevalence of men and more drinking severity/externalizing pathology. The 2-factor, 3-class model also exhibited predictive validity by explaining significant variance in 12-month drinking and drug use outcomes. CONCLUSIONS The model identified in this study may provide a basis for examining different sources of heterogeneity in the course and outcome of AUDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tom Hildebrandt
- Department of Psychiatry, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, One Gustave L Levy Place, Box 1230, New York, NY 10029
| | - Elizabeth E. Epstein
- Center of Alcohol Studies, Rutgers – The State University of New Jersey, Smithers Hall, 607 Allison Road, Piscataway, NJ 08854-8001
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Massachusetts Medical School, 365 Plantation Street, Worcester, MA 01605
| | - Robyn Sysko
- Department of Psychiatry, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, One Gustave L Levy Place, Box 1230, New York, NY 10029
| | - Donald A. Bux
- Department of Psychiatry, Montefiore Medical Center, 334 East 148th Street, Bronx, NY 10451-5707
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17
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Associations between early internalizing symptoms and speed of transition through stages of alcohol involvement. Dev Psychopathol 2017; 29:1455-1467. [PMID: 28397620 DOI: 10.1017/s0954579417000384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Alcohol use disorders and internalizing disorders are highly comorbid, but how this comorbidity unfolds over development is not well understood. The present study investigated effects of internalizing symptoms in late childhood on speed of transition between three alcohol involvement milestones: first drink, first binge, and onset of first alcohol dependence symptom. Greater early internalizing symptoms were expected to predict a later age of first drink, a slower transition from first drink to first binge, and a faster transition from first binge to first dependence symptom. The effects of age and moderating effects of gender were also examined. Data were from a longitudinal study of children of alcoholics and matched controls (N = 454) followed from late childhood to midlife. Generally, stage-specific hypotheses were not supported; rather, greater internalizing symptoms predicted an earlier age of first drink and a faster transition through the full interval from first drink to first dependence symptom. Regarding gender moderation, internalizing significantly predicted a faster transition between each milestone as well as through the full interval among women but not men. These results suggest that early internalizing problems confer risk for a rapid transition through all stages of alcohol involvement, and this risk may be limited to women.
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18
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Walton MA, Epstein-Ngo Q, Carter PM, Zimmerman MA, Blow FC, Buu A, Goldstick J, Cunningham RM. Marijuana use trajectories among drug-using youth presenting to an urban emergency department: Violence and social influences. Drug Alcohol Depend 2017; 173:117-125. [PMID: 28219802 PMCID: PMC5366264 DOI: 10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2016.11.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2016] [Revised: 11/22/2016] [Accepted: 11/28/2016] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
AIMS This paper examined longitudinal marijuana use trajectories among drug-using youth presenting to the ED to inform intervention development. METHODS Given interest in substance use and violence, this study oversampled those presenting with assault injuries. Assault-injured youth (ages 14-24) endorsing past 6-month drug use (n=349), and a sex and age proportionally-sampled comparison group (n=250) endorsing drug use, completed a baseline assessment and follow-ups at 6, 12, 18, and 24 months. Latent class trajectory analyses examined days of marijuana use over 2 years. Multinomial regression analyses examined baseline, 12-month and 24-month factors associated with substance use trajectory groups. RESULTS Trajectory analyses identified 5 groups: Low (Low; 28.2%; n=169); Intermittent (INT; 16.2%; n=97); Moderate Decline (MD; 12.0%; n=72); High decline (HD, 13.2%; n=79) and Chronic (C; 30.4%; n=182). At baseline, as compared to the Low group, the other trajectory groups were more likely to be male and have greater levels of physical aggression. At 12- and 24-months, negative and positive peer influences, incarceration and community violence were additional characteristics associated with the greater marijuana use trajectories (as compared to the Low group). CONCLUSIONS Interventions for drug-using youth presenting to the urban ED should address peer influences, physical aggression and community violence exposure, given the association between these characteristics and greater marijuana use trajectories.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maureen A Walton
- University of Michigan Injury Center, University of Michigan School of Medicine, 2800 Plymouth Road, NCRC10-G080, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA; University of Michigan Addiction Center, Department of Psychiatry, University of Michigan School of Medicine, 4250 Plymouth Road, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA.
| | - Quyen Epstein-Ngo
- University of Michigan Injury Center, University of Michigan School of Medicine, 2800 Plymouth Road, NCRC10-G080, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA; Institute on Women and Gender Studies, University of Michigan, 500 South State St., Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Patrick M Carter
- University of Michigan Injury Center, University of Michigan School of Medicine, 2800 Plymouth Road, NCRC10-G080, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA; Michigan Youth Violence Prevention Center, University of Michigan School of Public Health, 1415 Washington Heights, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA; Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Michigan School of Medicine, 1500 East Medical Center Drive, Ann Arbor, MI 48105, USA; Department of Emergency Medicine, Hurley Medical Center, 1 Hurley Plaza, Flint, MI 48503, USA
| | - Marc A Zimmerman
- University of Michigan Injury Center, University of Michigan School of Medicine, 2800 Plymouth Road, NCRC10-G080, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA; Michigan Youth Violence Prevention Center, University of Michigan School of Public Health, 1415 Washington Heights, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA; Department of Health Behavior and Health Education, University of Michigan School of Public Health, 1415 Washington Heights 3790A SPH I, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Frederic C Blow
- University of Michigan Injury Center, University of Michigan School of Medicine, 2800 Plymouth Road, NCRC10-G080, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA; University of Michigan Addiction Center, Department of Psychiatry, University of Michigan School of Medicine, 4250 Plymouth Road, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Anne Buu
- Department of Health Behavior and Biological Sciences, University of Michigan School of Nursing, 400 North Ingalls, Room 4346, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Jason Goldstick
- University of Michigan Injury Center, University of Michigan School of Medicine, 2800 Plymouth Road, NCRC10-G080, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Rebecca M Cunningham
- University of Michigan Injury Center, University of Michigan School of Medicine, 2800 Plymouth Road, NCRC10-G080, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA; Michigan Youth Violence Prevention Center, University of Michigan School of Public Health, 1415 Washington Heights, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA; Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Michigan School of Medicine, 1500 East Medical Center Drive, Ann Arbor, MI 48105, USA; Department of Emergency Medicine, Hurley Medical Center, 1 Hurley Plaza, Flint, MI 48503, USA
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19
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Jester JM, Buu A, Zucker RA. Longitudinal phenotypes for alcoholism: Heterogeneity of course, early identifiers, and life course correlates. Dev Psychopathol 2016; 28:1531-1546. [PMID: 26652050 PMCID: PMC5091665 DOI: 10.1017/s0954579415001157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Alcoholism is a heterogeneous disorder; however, characterization of life-course variations in symptomatology is almost nonexistent, and developmentally early predictors of variations are very poorly characterized. In this study, the course of alcoholic symptomatology over 32 years is differentiated, and predictors and covariates of trajectory class membership are identified. A community sample of alcoholic and neighborhood matched control families, 332 men and 336 women, was recruited based on alcoholism in the men. Symptoms were assessed retrospectively at baseline (mean age = 32) back to age 15 and prospectively from baseline every 3 years for 15 years. Trajectory classes were established using growth mixture modeling. Men and women had very similarly shaped trajectory classes: developmentally limited (men: 29%, women: 42%), developmentally cumulative (men: 26%, women: 38%), young adult onset (men: 31%, women: 21%), and early onset severe (men: 13%). Three factors at age 15 predicted class membership: family history of alcoholism, age 15 symptoms, and level of childhood antisocial behavior. Numerous measures of drinking and other psychopathology were also associated with class membership. The findings suggest that clinical assessments can be crafted where the profile of current and historical information can predict not only severity of prognosis but also future moderation of symptoms and/or remission over intervals as long as decades.
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20
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Beckley AL, Caspi A, Harrington H, Houts RM, Mcgee TR, Morgan N, Schroeder F, Ramrakha S, Poulton R, Moffitt TE. Adult-onset offenders: Is a tailored theory warranted? JOURNAL OF CRIMINAL JUSTICE 2016; 46:64-81. [PMID: 27134318 PMCID: PMC4845670 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcrimjus.2016.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE To describe official adult-onset offenders, investigate their antisocial histories and test hypotheses about their origins. METHODS We defined adult-onset offenders among 931 Dunedin Study members followed to age 38, using criminal-court conviction records. RESULTS Official adult-onset offenders were 14% of men, and 32% of convicted men, but accounted for only 15% of convictions. As anticipated by developmental theories emphasizing early-life influences on crime, adult-onset offenders' histories of antisocial behavior spanned back to childhood. Relative to juvenile-offenders, during adolescence they had fewer delinquent peers and were more socially inhibited, which may have protected them from conviction. As anticipated by theories emphasizing the importance of situational influences on offending, adult-onset offenders, relative to non-offenders, during adulthood more often had schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, and alcohol-dependence, had weaker social bonds, anticipated fewer informal sanctions, and self-reported more offenses. Contrary to some expectations, adult-onset offenders did not have high IQ or high socioeconomic-status families protecting them from juvenile conviction. CONCLUSIONS A tailored theory for adult-onset offenders is unwarranted because few people begin crime de novo as adults. Official adult-onset offenders fall on a continuum of crime and its correlates, between official non-offenders and official juvenile-onset offenders. Existing theories can accommodate adult-onset offenders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amber L. Beckley
- Department of Psychology & Neuroscience, Duke University, USA
- Demography Unit, Department of Sociology, Stockholm University, Sweden
| | - Avshalom Caspi
- Department of Psychology & Neuroscience, Duke University, USA
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Duke University, USA
- Social, Genetic, and Developmental Psychiatry Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, King’s College London, England
| | | | - Renate M. Houts
- Department of Psychology & Neuroscience, Duke University, USA
| | - Tara Renae Mcgee
- School of Criminology & Criminal Justice, Griffith University, Austrailia
| | | | - Felix Schroeder
- Department of Psychology & Neuroscience, Duke University, USA
| | - Sandhya Ramrakha
- Dunedin Multidisciplinary Health and Development Research Unit, Department of Psychology, University of Otago, New Zealand
| | - Richie Poulton
- Dunedin Multidisciplinary Health and Development Research Unit, Department of Psychology, University of Otago, New Zealand
| | - Terrie E. Moffitt
- Department of Psychology & Neuroscience, Duke University, USA
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Duke University, USA
- Social, Genetic, and Developmental Psychiatry Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, King’s College London, England
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21
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Sterba SK. A Latent Transition Analysis Model for Latent-State-Dependent Nonignorable Missingness. PSYCHOMETRIKA 2016; 81:506-534. [PMID: 25697371 DOI: 10.1007/s11336-015-9442-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Psychologists often use latent transition analysis (LTA) to investigate state-to-state change in discrete latent constructs involving delinquent or risky behaviors. In this setting, latent-state-dependent nonignorable missingness is a potential concern. For some longitudinal models (e.g., growth models), a large literature has addressed extensions to accommodate nonignorable missingness. In contrast, little research has addressed how to extend the LTA to accommodate nonignorable missingness. Here we present a shared parameter LTA that can reduce bias due to latent-state-dependent nonignorable missingness: a parallel-process missing-not-at-random (MNAR-PP) LTA. The MNAR-PP LTA allows outcome process parameters to be interpreted as in the conventional LTA, which facilitates sensitivity analyses assessing changes in estimates between LTA and MNAR-PP LTA. In a sensitivity analysis for our empirical example, previous and current membership in high-delinquency states predicted adolescents' membership in missingness states that had high nonresponse probabilities for some or all items. A conventional LTA overestimated the proportion of adolescents ending up in a low-delinquency state, compared to an MNAR-PP LTA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonya K Sterba
- Quantitative Methods Program, Department of Psychology and Human Development, Vanderbilt University, Peabody #552, 230 Appleton Place, Nashville, TN, 37203 , USA.
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22
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Arnaud N, Baldus C, Elgán TH, De Paepe N, Tønnesen H, Csémy L, Thomasius R. Effectiveness of a Web-Based Screening and Fully Automated Brief Motivational Intervention for Adolescent Substance Use: A Randomized Controlled Trial. J Med Internet Res 2016; 18:e103. [PMID: 27220276 PMCID: PMC4897296 DOI: 10.2196/jmir.4643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2015] [Revised: 09/17/2015] [Accepted: 02/20/2016] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Mid-to-late adolescence is a critical period for initiation of alcohol and drug problems, which can be reduced by targeted brief motivational interventions. Web-based brief interventions have advantages in terms of acceptability and accessibility and have shown significant reductions of substance use among college students. However, the evidence is sparse among adolescents with at-risk use of alcohol and other drugs. Objective This study evaluated the effectiveness of a targeted and fully automated Web-based brief motivational intervention with no face-to-face components on substance use among adolescents screened for at-risk substance use in four European countries. Methods In an open-access, purely Web-based randomized controlled trial, a convenience sample of adolescents aged 16-18 years from Sweden, Germany, Belgium, and the Czech Republic was recruited using online and offline methods and screened online for at-risk substance use using the CRAFFT (Car, Relax, Alone, Forget, Friends, Trouble) screening instrument. Participants were randomized to a single session brief motivational intervention group or an assessment-only control group but not blinded. Primary outcome was differences in past month drinking measured by a self-reported AUDIT-C-based index score for drinking frequency, quantity, and frequency of binge drinking with measures collected online at baseline and after 3 months. Secondary outcomes were the AUDIT-C-based separate drinking indicators, illegal drug use, and polydrug use. All outcome analyses were conducted with and without Expectation Maximization (EM) imputation of missing follow-up data. Results In total, 2673 adolescents were screened and 1449 (54.2%) participants were randomized to the intervention or control group. After 3 months, 211 adolescents (14.5%) provided follow-up data. Compared to the control group, results from linear mixed models revealed significant reductions in self-reported past-month drinking in favor of the intervention group in both the non-imputed (P=.010) and the EM-imputed sample (P=.022). Secondary analyses revealed a significant effect on drinking frequency (P=.037) and frequency of binge drinking (P=.044) in the non-imputation-based analyses and drinking quantity (P=.021) when missing data were imputed. Analyses for illegal drug use and polydrug use revealed no significant differences between the study groups (Ps>.05). Conclusions Although the study is limited by a large drop-out, significant between-group effects for alcohol use indicate that targeted brief motivational intervention in a fully automated Web-based format can be effective to reduce drinking and lessen existing substance use service barriers for at-risk drinking European adolescents. Trial Registration International Standard Randomized Controlled Trial Registry: ISRCTN95538913; http://www.isrctn.com/ISRCTN95538913 (Archived by WebCite at http://www.webcitation.org/6XkuUEwBx)
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicolas Arnaud
- German Centre for Addiction Research in Childhood and Adolescence (DZSKJ), Centre for Psychosocial Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany.
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23
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Elliott JC, Stohl M, Wall MM, Keyes KM, Skodol AE, Eaton NR, Shmulewitz D, Goodwin RD, Grant BF, Hasin DS. Childhood maltreatment, personality disorders and 3-year persistence of adult alcohol and nicotine dependence in a national sample. Addiction 2016; 111:913-23. [PMID: 26714255 PMCID: PMC4826838 DOI: 10.1111/add.13292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2015] [Revised: 06/11/2015] [Accepted: 12/17/2015] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Persistent cases of alcohol and nicotine dependence are associated with considerable morbidity and mortality, and are predicted by childhood maltreatment and personality disorders. Our aim was to test whether personality disorders (individually or conjointly) mediate the relationship between childhood maltreatment and the persistence of dependence. DESIGN Personality disorders, modeled dimensionally, were tested as mediators of the relationship between childhood maltreatment and the 3-year persistence of alcohol and nicotine dependence in participants in the National Epidemiologic Survey on Alcohol and Related Conditions (NESARC) who had current alcohol and nicotine dependence in their baseline interview. Individual personality disorders were assessed in separate models. Then, those that were significant were examined jointly in multiple mediator models to determine their total and unique effects. SETTING A large, nationally representative US survey. PARTICIPANTS Participants ≥ 18 years who completed baseline and 3-year follow-up NESARC interviews who had baseline alcohol dependence (n = 1172; 68% male) or nicotine dependence (n = 4017; 52.9% male). MEASUREMENTS Alcohol Use Disorder and Associated Disabilities Interview Schedule (AUDADIS-IV) measures of childhood maltreatment, personality disorders and alcohol/nicotine dependence. FINDINGS Individual models indicated that many personality disorders mediated the relationship between childhood maltreatment and the 3-year persistence of alcohol and nicotine dependence (each explaining 6-46% of the total effect, Ps < 0.05). In multiple mediator models, borderline and antisocial symptoms remained significant mediators, each explaining 20-37% of the total effect (Ps < 0.01). CONCLUSIONS Personality disorder symptoms (especially borderline and antisocial) help explain the association between childhood maltreatment and persistent alcohol and nicotine dependence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer C. Elliott
- Department of Epidemiology, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, New York, USA,New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, New York, USA,Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, New York, USA
| | - Malka Stohl
- New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, New York, USA
| | - Melanie M. Wall
- New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, New York, USA,Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, New York, USA,Department of Biostatistics, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, New York, USA
| | - Katherine M. Keyes
- Department of Epidemiology, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, New York, USA
| | - Andrew E. Skodol
- Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, New York, USA,Department of Psychiatry, University of Arizona College of Medicine, Tucson, Arizona, USA
| | - Nicholas R. Eaton
- Department of Psychology, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York, USA
| | - Dvora Shmulewitz
- New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, New York, USA,Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, New York, USA
| | - Renee D. Goodwin
- Department of Epidemiology, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, New York, USA,Department of Psychology, Queens College and The Graduate Center, City University of New York (CUNY), Queens, New York, USA
| | - Bridget F. Grant
- Laboratory of Epidemiology and Biometry, National Institute of Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, Rockville, Maryland, USA
| | - Deborah S. Hasin
- Department of Epidemiology, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, New York, USA,New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, New York, USA,Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, New York, USA
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24
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Cerdá M, Moffitt TE, Meier MH, Harrington H, Houts R, Ramrakha S, Hogan S, Poulton R, Caspi A. Persistent cannabis dependence and alcohol dependence represent risks for midlife economic and social problems: A longitudinal cohort study. Clin Psychol Sci 2016; 4:1028-1046. [PMID: 28008372 DOI: 10.1177/2167702616630958] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
With the increasing legalization of cannabis, understanding the consequences of cannabis use is particularly timely. We examined the association between cannabis use and dependence, prospectively assessed between ages 18-38, and economic and social problems at age 38. We studied participants in the Dunedin Longitudinal Study, a cohort (n=1,037) followed from birth to age 38. Study members with regular cannabis use and persistent dependence experienced downward socioeconomic mobility, more financial difficulties, workplace problems, and relationship conflict in early midlife. Cannabis dependence was not linked to traffic-related convictions. Associations were not explained by socioeconomic adversity, childhood psychopathology, achievement orientation, or family structure; cannabis-related criminal convictions; early onset of cannabis dependence; or comorbid substance dependence. Cannabis dependence was associated with more financial difficulties than alcohol dependence; no difference was found in risks for other economic or social problems. Cannabis dependence is not associated with fewer harmful economic and social problems than alcohol dependence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magdalena Cerdá
- Department of Epidemiology, Columbia University Mailman School of Public Health, New York, NY; Department of Emergency Medicine, School of Medicine, University of California, Davis, Sacramento, CA
| | - Terrie E Moffitt
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, Duke University, Durham, NC; Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC; Social, Genetic, and Developmental Psychiatry Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, King's College London, United Kingdom
| | | | - HonaLee Harrington
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, Duke University, Durham, NC; Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC
| | - Renate Houts
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, Duke University, Durham, NC; Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC
| | - Sandhya Ramrakha
- Dunedin Multidisciplinary Health and Development Research Unit, Department of Psychology, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Sean Hogan
- Dunedin Multidisciplinary Health and Development Research Unit, Department of Psychology, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Richie Poulton
- Dunedin Multidisciplinary Health and Development Research Unit, Department of Psychology, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Avshalom Caspi
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, Duke University, Durham, NC; Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC; Social, Genetic, and Developmental Psychiatry Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, King's College London, United Kingdom
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25
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Meier MH, Hall W, Caspi A, Belsky DW, Cerdá M, Harrington H, Houts R, Poulton R, Moffitt TE. Which adolescents develop persistent substance dependence in adulthood? Using population-representative longitudinal data to inform universal risk assessment. Psychol Med 2016; 46:877-889. [PMID: 26620720 PMCID: PMC4752874 DOI: 10.1017/s0033291715002482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND To our knowledge, there are no universal screening tools for substance dependence that (1) were developed using a population-based sample, (2) estimate total risk briefly and inexpensively by incorporating a relatively small number of well-established risk factors, and (3) aggregate risk factors using a simple algorithm. We created a universal screening tool that incorporates these features to identify adolescents at risk for persistent substance dependence in adulthood. METHOD Participants were members of a representative cohort of 1037 individuals born in Dunedin, New Zealand in 1972-1973 and followed prospectively to age 38 years, with 95% retention. We assessed a small set of childhood and adolescent risk factors: family history of substance dependence, childhood psychopathology (conduct disorder, depression), early exposure to substances, frequent substance use in adolescence, sex, and childhood socioeconomic status. We defined the outcome (persistent substance dependence in adulthood) as dependence on one or more of alcohol, tobacco, cannabis, or hard drugs at ⩾3 assessment ages: 21, 26, 32, and 38 years. RESULTS A cumulative risk index, a simple sum of nine childhood and adolescent risk factors, predicted persistent substance dependence in adulthood with considerable accuracy (AUC = 0.80). CONCLUSIONS A cumulative risk score can accurately predict which adolescents in the general population will develop persistent substance dependence in adulthood.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Wayne Hall
- University of Queensland Centre for Clinical Research, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
- National Addiction Centre, King's College, London, UK
| | - Avshalom Caspi
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
- Social, Genetic, and Developmental Psychiatry Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, King's College London, UK
| | - Daniel W. Belsky
- Department of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC USA
- Social Science Research Institute, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Magdalena Cerdá
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Violence Prevention Research Program, University of California Davis, Davis, CA, USA
| | - HonaLee Harrington
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Renate Houts
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Richie Poulton
- Dunedin Multidisciplinary Health and Development Research Unit, Department of Psychology, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Terrie E. Moffitt
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
- Social, Genetic, and Developmental Psychiatry Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, King's College London, UK
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Kenney S, Jones RN, Barnett NP. Gender Differences in the Effect of Depressive Symptoms on Prospective Alcohol Expectancies, Coping Motives, and Alcohol Outcomes in the First Year of College. J Youth Adolesc 2015; 44:1884-97. [PMID: 26036995 DOI: 10.1007/s10964-015-0311-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2015] [Accepted: 05/22/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Problematic alcohol use and risk for dependence peak during late adolescence, particularly among first-year college students. Although students matriculating into college with depressive symptoms experience elevated risk for alcohol problems, few studies have examined the intervening mechanisms of risk. In this study, we examined depressed mood at college entry on prospective alcohol expectancies, drinking motives, and alcohol outcomes during the first year of college, adjusting for pre-college factors. Participants (N = 614; 59% female, 33% non-White) were incoming college students from three universities who completed online self-report surveys prior to matriculating into college and at the end of their first year in college. We utilized path analysis to test our hypotheses. In women, the path that linked depressive symptoms to consequences was primarily attributable to the effect of pre-college drinking to cope on drinking to cope in college, which in turn was associated with alcohol consequences. In men, the effect of depressive symptoms on alcohol consequences in college was independent of pre-college and college factors, thus indicating the need for research that identifies mechanisms of risk in males. Interventions that address coping deficits and motivations for drinking may be particularly beneficial for depressed adolescent females during this high-risk developmental period.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shannon Kenney
- Center for Alcohol and Addiction Studies, School of Public Health, Brown University, Box-G-S121-4, Providence, RI, 02912, USA,
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Life Course Trajectories of Labour Market Participation among Young Adults Who Experienced Severe Alcohol-Related Health Outcomes: A Retrospective Cohort Study. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0126215. [PMID: 25938764 PMCID: PMC4418731 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0126215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2014] [Accepted: 03/30/2015] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Long-term employment trajectories of young problem drinkers are poorly understood. Methods We constructed retrospective labour market participation histories at ages 18–34 of 64 342 persons born in 1969–1982. Beginning from the year of each subject’s 18th birthday, we extracted information from the records of Statistics Finland on educational attainment, main type of economic activity, months in employment, and months in unemployment for a minimum of seven years (range 7–16 years). We used information on the timing of alcohol-related hospitalizations and deaths in the same period to define problem drinkers with early onset limited course, early onset persistent course, and late onset problem drinking. Results Early onset limited course problem drinkers improved their employment considerably by age, whereas early onset persistent problem drinkers experienced a constant decline in their employment by age. From the age of 18 to 34, early onset persistent problem drinkers were in employment merely 12% of the time, in comparison with 39% among the early onset limited course problem drinkers, and 58% among the general population. Conclusions These results indicate that young adults who were retrospectively defined as having early onset persistent course problem drinking were extensively marginalized from the labour market early on during their life course, and that their employment trajectory was significantly worse compared to other problem drinkers.
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Costello EJ, Maughan B. Annual research review: Optimal outcomes of child and adolescent mental illness. J Child Psychol Psychiatry 2015; 56:324-41. [PMID: 25496295 PMCID: PMC4557213 DOI: 10.1111/jcpp.12371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 117] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/04/2014] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND 'Optimal outcomes' of child and adolescent psychiatric disorders may mean the best possible outcome, or the best considering a child's history. Most research into the outcomes of child and adolescent psychiatric disorder concentrates on the likelihood of adult illness and disability given an earlier history of psychopathology. METHODS In this article, we review the research literature (based on a literature search using PubMed, RePORT and Google Advanced Scholar databases) on including optimal outcomes for young people with a history of anxiety, depression, attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder, conduct disorder, oppositional defiant disorder, or substance use disorders in childhood or adolescence. We consider three types of risks that these children may run later in development: future episodes of the same disorder, future episodes of a different disorder, and functional impairment. The impact of treatment or preventative interventions on early adult functioning is briefly reviewed. RESULTS We found that very few studies enabled us to answer our questions with certainty, but that in general about half of adults with a psychiatric history were disorder-free and functioning quite well in their 20s or 30s. However, their chance of functioning well was less than that of adults without a psychiatric history, even in the absence of a current disorder. CONCLUSIONS Among adults who had a psychiatric disorder as a child or adolescent, about half can be expected to be disorder-free as young adults, and of these about half will be free of significant difficulties in the areas of work, health, relationships, and crime. Optimal outcomes are predicted by a mixture of personal characteristics and environmental supports.
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Affiliation(s)
- E. Jane Costello
- Duke University, Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Barbara Maughan
- MRC Social, Genetic & Developmental Psychiatry Centre, King’s College London Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, London, UK
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