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Fadelu T, Zhang S, Niedzwiecki D, Ye X, Saltz LB, Mayer RJ, Mowat RB, Whittom R, Hantel A, Benson AB, Atienza DM, Messino M, Kindler HL, Venook A, Ogino S, Ng K, Wu K, Willett W, Giovannucci E, Meyerhardt J, Bao Y, Fuchs CS. Nut Consumption and Survival in Patients With Stage III Colon Cancer: Results From CALGB 89803 (Alliance). J Clin Oncol 2018; 36:1112-1120. [PMID: 29489429 PMCID: PMC5891130 DOI: 10.1200/jco.2017.75.5413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose Observational studies have reported increased colon cancer recurrence and mortality in patients with states of hyperinsulinemia, including type 2 diabetes, obesity, sedentary lifestyle, and high glycemic load diet. Nut intake has been associated with a lower risk of type 2 diabetes, metabolic syndrome, and insulin resistance. However, the effect of nut intake on colon cancer recurrence and survival is not known. Patients and Methods We conducted a prospective, observational study of 826 eligible patients with stage III colon cancer who reported dietary intake on food frequency questionnaires while enrolled onto a randomized adjuvant chemotherapy trial. Using Cox proportional hazards regression, we assessed associations of nut intake with cancer recurrence and mortality. Results After a median follow-up of 6.5 years, compared with patients who abstained from nuts, individuals who consumed two or more servings of nuts per week experienced an adjusted hazard ratio (HR) for disease-free survival of 0.58 (95% CI, 0.37 to 0.92; Ptrend = .03) and an HR for overall survival of 0.43 (95% CI, 0.25 to 0.74; Ptrend = .01). In subgroup analysis, the apparent benefit was confined to tree nut intake (HR for disease-free survival, 0.54; 95% CI, 0.34 to 0.85; Ptrend = .04; and HR for overall survival, 0.47; 95% CI, 0.27 to 0.82; Ptrend = .04). The association of total nut intake with improved outcomes was maintained across other known or suspected risk factors for cancer recurrence and mortality. Conclusion Diets with a higher consumption of nuts may be associated with a significantly reduced incidence of cancer recurrence and death in patients with stage III colon cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Temidayo Fadelu
- Temidayo Fadelu, Sui Zhang, Robert J. Mayer, Shuji Ogino, Kimmie Ng, Jeffrey Meyerhardt, and Charles S. Fuchs, Dana-Farber/Partners CancerCare; Shuji Ogino, Kana Wu, Walter Willett, and Edward Giovannucci, Harvard TH Chan School of Public Health; Shuji Ogino, Edward Giovannucci, and Ying Bao, Brigham and Women's Hospital, and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA; Donna Niedzwiecki and Xing Ye, Alliance Statistics and Data Center, Duke University, Durham; Michael Messino, Southeast Clinical Oncology Research Consortium, Mission Hospitals, Asheville, NC; Leonard B. Saltz, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY; Rex B. Mowat, Toledo Community Hospital Oncology Program, Toledo, OH; Renaud Whittom, Hôpital du Sacré-Coeur de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada; Alexander Hantel, Loyola University Stritch School of Medicine, Naperville; Al B. Benson, Robert H Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Northwestern University; Hedy L. Kindler, University of Chicago Comprehensive Cancer, Chicago, IL; Daniel M. Atienza, Virginia Oncology Associates, Norfolk, VA; Alan Venook, University of California at San Francisco Comprehensive Cancer Center, San Francisco, CA; and Charles S. Fuchs, Yale Cancer Center, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT
| | - Sui Zhang
- Temidayo Fadelu, Sui Zhang, Robert J. Mayer, Shuji Ogino, Kimmie Ng, Jeffrey Meyerhardt, and Charles S. Fuchs, Dana-Farber/Partners CancerCare; Shuji Ogino, Kana Wu, Walter Willett, and Edward Giovannucci, Harvard TH Chan School of Public Health; Shuji Ogino, Edward Giovannucci, and Ying Bao, Brigham and Women's Hospital, and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA; Donna Niedzwiecki and Xing Ye, Alliance Statistics and Data Center, Duke University, Durham; Michael Messino, Southeast Clinical Oncology Research Consortium, Mission Hospitals, Asheville, NC; Leonard B. Saltz, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY; Rex B. Mowat, Toledo Community Hospital Oncology Program, Toledo, OH; Renaud Whittom, Hôpital du Sacré-Coeur de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada; Alexander Hantel, Loyola University Stritch School of Medicine, Naperville; Al B. Benson, Robert H Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Northwestern University; Hedy L. Kindler, University of Chicago Comprehensive Cancer, Chicago, IL; Daniel M. Atienza, Virginia Oncology Associates, Norfolk, VA; Alan Venook, University of California at San Francisco Comprehensive Cancer Center, San Francisco, CA; and Charles S. Fuchs, Yale Cancer Center, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT
| | - Donna Niedzwiecki
- Temidayo Fadelu, Sui Zhang, Robert J. Mayer, Shuji Ogino, Kimmie Ng, Jeffrey Meyerhardt, and Charles S. Fuchs, Dana-Farber/Partners CancerCare; Shuji Ogino, Kana Wu, Walter Willett, and Edward Giovannucci, Harvard TH Chan School of Public Health; Shuji Ogino, Edward Giovannucci, and Ying Bao, Brigham and Women's Hospital, and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA; Donna Niedzwiecki and Xing Ye, Alliance Statistics and Data Center, Duke University, Durham; Michael Messino, Southeast Clinical Oncology Research Consortium, Mission Hospitals, Asheville, NC; Leonard B. Saltz, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY; Rex B. Mowat, Toledo Community Hospital Oncology Program, Toledo, OH; Renaud Whittom, Hôpital du Sacré-Coeur de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada; Alexander Hantel, Loyola University Stritch School of Medicine, Naperville; Al B. Benson, Robert H Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Northwestern University; Hedy L. Kindler, University of Chicago Comprehensive Cancer, Chicago, IL; Daniel M. Atienza, Virginia Oncology Associates, Norfolk, VA; Alan Venook, University of California at San Francisco Comprehensive Cancer Center, San Francisco, CA; and Charles S. Fuchs, Yale Cancer Center, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT
| | - Xing Ye
- Temidayo Fadelu, Sui Zhang, Robert J. Mayer, Shuji Ogino, Kimmie Ng, Jeffrey Meyerhardt, and Charles S. Fuchs, Dana-Farber/Partners CancerCare; Shuji Ogino, Kana Wu, Walter Willett, and Edward Giovannucci, Harvard TH Chan School of Public Health; Shuji Ogino, Edward Giovannucci, and Ying Bao, Brigham and Women's Hospital, and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA; Donna Niedzwiecki and Xing Ye, Alliance Statistics and Data Center, Duke University, Durham; Michael Messino, Southeast Clinical Oncology Research Consortium, Mission Hospitals, Asheville, NC; Leonard B. Saltz, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY; Rex B. Mowat, Toledo Community Hospital Oncology Program, Toledo, OH; Renaud Whittom, Hôpital du Sacré-Coeur de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada; Alexander Hantel, Loyola University Stritch School of Medicine, Naperville; Al B. Benson, Robert H Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Northwestern University; Hedy L. Kindler, University of Chicago Comprehensive Cancer, Chicago, IL; Daniel M. Atienza, Virginia Oncology Associates, Norfolk, VA; Alan Venook, University of California at San Francisco Comprehensive Cancer Center, San Francisco, CA; and Charles S. Fuchs, Yale Cancer Center, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT
| | - Leonard B Saltz
- Temidayo Fadelu, Sui Zhang, Robert J. Mayer, Shuji Ogino, Kimmie Ng, Jeffrey Meyerhardt, and Charles S. Fuchs, Dana-Farber/Partners CancerCare; Shuji Ogino, Kana Wu, Walter Willett, and Edward Giovannucci, Harvard TH Chan School of Public Health; Shuji Ogino, Edward Giovannucci, and Ying Bao, Brigham and Women's Hospital, and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA; Donna Niedzwiecki and Xing Ye, Alliance Statistics and Data Center, Duke University, Durham; Michael Messino, Southeast Clinical Oncology Research Consortium, Mission Hospitals, Asheville, NC; Leonard B. Saltz, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY; Rex B. Mowat, Toledo Community Hospital Oncology Program, Toledo, OH; Renaud Whittom, Hôpital du Sacré-Coeur de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada; Alexander Hantel, Loyola University Stritch School of Medicine, Naperville; Al B. Benson, Robert H Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Northwestern University; Hedy L. Kindler, University of Chicago Comprehensive Cancer, Chicago, IL; Daniel M. Atienza, Virginia Oncology Associates, Norfolk, VA; Alan Venook, University of California at San Francisco Comprehensive Cancer Center, San Francisco, CA; and Charles S. Fuchs, Yale Cancer Center, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT
| | - Robert J Mayer
- Temidayo Fadelu, Sui Zhang, Robert J. Mayer, Shuji Ogino, Kimmie Ng, Jeffrey Meyerhardt, and Charles S. Fuchs, Dana-Farber/Partners CancerCare; Shuji Ogino, Kana Wu, Walter Willett, and Edward Giovannucci, Harvard TH Chan School of Public Health; Shuji Ogino, Edward Giovannucci, and Ying Bao, Brigham and Women's Hospital, and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA; Donna Niedzwiecki and Xing Ye, Alliance Statistics and Data Center, Duke University, Durham; Michael Messino, Southeast Clinical Oncology Research Consortium, Mission Hospitals, Asheville, NC; Leonard B. Saltz, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY; Rex B. Mowat, Toledo Community Hospital Oncology Program, Toledo, OH; Renaud Whittom, Hôpital du Sacré-Coeur de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada; Alexander Hantel, Loyola University Stritch School of Medicine, Naperville; Al B. Benson, Robert H Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Northwestern University; Hedy L. Kindler, University of Chicago Comprehensive Cancer, Chicago, IL; Daniel M. Atienza, Virginia Oncology Associates, Norfolk, VA; Alan Venook, University of California at San Francisco Comprehensive Cancer Center, San Francisco, CA; and Charles S. Fuchs, Yale Cancer Center, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT
| | - Rex B Mowat
- Temidayo Fadelu, Sui Zhang, Robert J. Mayer, Shuji Ogino, Kimmie Ng, Jeffrey Meyerhardt, and Charles S. Fuchs, Dana-Farber/Partners CancerCare; Shuji Ogino, Kana Wu, Walter Willett, and Edward Giovannucci, Harvard TH Chan School of Public Health; Shuji Ogino, Edward Giovannucci, and Ying Bao, Brigham and Women's Hospital, and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA; Donna Niedzwiecki and Xing Ye, Alliance Statistics and Data Center, Duke University, Durham; Michael Messino, Southeast Clinical Oncology Research Consortium, Mission Hospitals, Asheville, NC; Leonard B. Saltz, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY; Rex B. Mowat, Toledo Community Hospital Oncology Program, Toledo, OH; Renaud Whittom, Hôpital du Sacré-Coeur de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada; Alexander Hantel, Loyola University Stritch School of Medicine, Naperville; Al B. Benson, Robert H Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Northwestern University; Hedy L. Kindler, University of Chicago Comprehensive Cancer, Chicago, IL; Daniel M. Atienza, Virginia Oncology Associates, Norfolk, VA; Alan Venook, University of California at San Francisco Comprehensive Cancer Center, San Francisco, CA; and Charles S. Fuchs, Yale Cancer Center, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT
| | - Renaud Whittom
- Temidayo Fadelu, Sui Zhang, Robert J. Mayer, Shuji Ogino, Kimmie Ng, Jeffrey Meyerhardt, and Charles S. Fuchs, Dana-Farber/Partners CancerCare; Shuji Ogino, Kana Wu, Walter Willett, and Edward Giovannucci, Harvard TH Chan School of Public Health; Shuji Ogino, Edward Giovannucci, and Ying Bao, Brigham and Women's Hospital, and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA; Donna Niedzwiecki and Xing Ye, Alliance Statistics and Data Center, Duke University, Durham; Michael Messino, Southeast Clinical Oncology Research Consortium, Mission Hospitals, Asheville, NC; Leonard B. Saltz, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY; Rex B. Mowat, Toledo Community Hospital Oncology Program, Toledo, OH; Renaud Whittom, Hôpital du Sacré-Coeur de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada; Alexander Hantel, Loyola University Stritch School of Medicine, Naperville; Al B. Benson, Robert H Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Northwestern University; Hedy L. Kindler, University of Chicago Comprehensive Cancer, Chicago, IL; Daniel M. Atienza, Virginia Oncology Associates, Norfolk, VA; Alan Venook, University of California at San Francisco Comprehensive Cancer Center, San Francisco, CA; and Charles S. Fuchs, Yale Cancer Center, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT
| | - Alexander Hantel
- Temidayo Fadelu, Sui Zhang, Robert J. Mayer, Shuji Ogino, Kimmie Ng, Jeffrey Meyerhardt, and Charles S. Fuchs, Dana-Farber/Partners CancerCare; Shuji Ogino, Kana Wu, Walter Willett, and Edward Giovannucci, Harvard TH Chan School of Public Health; Shuji Ogino, Edward Giovannucci, and Ying Bao, Brigham and Women's Hospital, and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA; Donna Niedzwiecki and Xing Ye, Alliance Statistics and Data Center, Duke University, Durham; Michael Messino, Southeast Clinical Oncology Research Consortium, Mission Hospitals, Asheville, NC; Leonard B. Saltz, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY; Rex B. Mowat, Toledo Community Hospital Oncology Program, Toledo, OH; Renaud Whittom, Hôpital du Sacré-Coeur de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada; Alexander Hantel, Loyola University Stritch School of Medicine, Naperville; Al B. Benson, Robert H Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Northwestern University; Hedy L. Kindler, University of Chicago Comprehensive Cancer, Chicago, IL; Daniel M. Atienza, Virginia Oncology Associates, Norfolk, VA; Alan Venook, University of California at San Francisco Comprehensive Cancer Center, San Francisco, CA; and Charles S. Fuchs, Yale Cancer Center, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT
| | - Al B Benson
- Temidayo Fadelu, Sui Zhang, Robert J. Mayer, Shuji Ogino, Kimmie Ng, Jeffrey Meyerhardt, and Charles S. Fuchs, Dana-Farber/Partners CancerCare; Shuji Ogino, Kana Wu, Walter Willett, and Edward Giovannucci, Harvard TH Chan School of Public Health; Shuji Ogino, Edward Giovannucci, and Ying Bao, Brigham and Women's Hospital, and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA; Donna Niedzwiecki and Xing Ye, Alliance Statistics and Data Center, Duke University, Durham; Michael Messino, Southeast Clinical Oncology Research Consortium, Mission Hospitals, Asheville, NC; Leonard B. Saltz, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY; Rex B. Mowat, Toledo Community Hospital Oncology Program, Toledo, OH; Renaud Whittom, Hôpital du Sacré-Coeur de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada; Alexander Hantel, Loyola University Stritch School of Medicine, Naperville; Al B. Benson, Robert H Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Northwestern University; Hedy L. Kindler, University of Chicago Comprehensive Cancer, Chicago, IL; Daniel M. Atienza, Virginia Oncology Associates, Norfolk, VA; Alan Venook, University of California at San Francisco Comprehensive Cancer Center, San Francisco, CA; and Charles S. Fuchs, Yale Cancer Center, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT
| | - Daniel M Atienza
- Temidayo Fadelu, Sui Zhang, Robert J. Mayer, Shuji Ogino, Kimmie Ng, Jeffrey Meyerhardt, and Charles S. Fuchs, Dana-Farber/Partners CancerCare; Shuji Ogino, Kana Wu, Walter Willett, and Edward Giovannucci, Harvard TH Chan School of Public Health; Shuji Ogino, Edward Giovannucci, and Ying Bao, Brigham and Women's Hospital, and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA; Donna Niedzwiecki and Xing Ye, Alliance Statistics and Data Center, Duke University, Durham; Michael Messino, Southeast Clinical Oncology Research Consortium, Mission Hospitals, Asheville, NC; Leonard B. Saltz, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY; Rex B. Mowat, Toledo Community Hospital Oncology Program, Toledo, OH; Renaud Whittom, Hôpital du Sacré-Coeur de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada; Alexander Hantel, Loyola University Stritch School of Medicine, Naperville; Al B. Benson, Robert H Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Northwestern University; Hedy L. Kindler, University of Chicago Comprehensive Cancer, Chicago, IL; Daniel M. Atienza, Virginia Oncology Associates, Norfolk, VA; Alan Venook, University of California at San Francisco Comprehensive Cancer Center, San Francisco, CA; and Charles S. Fuchs, Yale Cancer Center, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT
| | - Michael Messino
- Temidayo Fadelu, Sui Zhang, Robert J. Mayer, Shuji Ogino, Kimmie Ng, Jeffrey Meyerhardt, and Charles S. Fuchs, Dana-Farber/Partners CancerCare; Shuji Ogino, Kana Wu, Walter Willett, and Edward Giovannucci, Harvard TH Chan School of Public Health; Shuji Ogino, Edward Giovannucci, and Ying Bao, Brigham and Women's Hospital, and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA; Donna Niedzwiecki and Xing Ye, Alliance Statistics and Data Center, Duke University, Durham; Michael Messino, Southeast Clinical Oncology Research Consortium, Mission Hospitals, Asheville, NC; Leonard B. Saltz, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY; Rex B. Mowat, Toledo Community Hospital Oncology Program, Toledo, OH; Renaud Whittom, Hôpital du Sacré-Coeur de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada; Alexander Hantel, Loyola University Stritch School of Medicine, Naperville; Al B. Benson, Robert H Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Northwestern University; Hedy L. Kindler, University of Chicago Comprehensive Cancer, Chicago, IL; Daniel M. Atienza, Virginia Oncology Associates, Norfolk, VA; Alan Venook, University of California at San Francisco Comprehensive Cancer Center, San Francisco, CA; and Charles S. Fuchs, Yale Cancer Center, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT
| | - Hedy L Kindler
- Temidayo Fadelu, Sui Zhang, Robert J. Mayer, Shuji Ogino, Kimmie Ng, Jeffrey Meyerhardt, and Charles S. Fuchs, Dana-Farber/Partners CancerCare; Shuji Ogino, Kana Wu, Walter Willett, and Edward Giovannucci, Harvard TH Chan School of Public Health; Shuji Ogino, Edward Giovannucci, and Ying Bao, Brigham and Women's Hospital, and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA; Donna Niedzwiecki and Xing Ye, Alliance Statistics and Data Center, Duke University, Durham; Michael Messino, Southeast Clinical Oncology Research Consortium, Mission Hospitals, Asheville, NC; Leonard B. Saltz, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY; Rex B. Mowat, Toledo Community Hospital Oncology Program, Toledo, OH; Renaud Whittom, Hôpital du Sacré-Coeur de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada; Alexander Hantel, Loyola University Stritch School of Medicine, Naperville; Al B. Benson, Robert H Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Northwestern University; Hedy L. Kindler, University of Chicago Comprehensive Cancer, Chicago, IL; Daniel M. Atienza, Virginia Oncology Associates, Norfolk, VA; Alan Venook, University of California at San Francisco Comprehensive Cancer Center, San Francisco, CA; and Charles S. Fuchs, Yale Cancer Center, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT
| | - Alan Venook
- Temidayo Fadelu, Sui Zhang, Robert J. Mayer, Shuji Ogino, Kimmie Ng, Jeffrey Meyerhardt, and Charles S. Fuchs, Dana-Farber/Partners CancerCare; Shuji Ogino, Kana Wu, Walter Willett, and Edward Giovannucci, Harvard TH Chan School of Public Health; Shuji Ogino, Edward Giovannucci, and Ying Bao, Brigham and Women's Hospital, and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA; Donna Niedzwiecki and Xing Ye, Alliance Statistics and Data Center, Duke University, Durham; Michael Messino, Southeast Clinical Oncology Research Consortium, Mission Hospitals, Asheville, NC; Leonard B. Saltz, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY; Rex B. Mowat, Toledo Community Hospital Oncology Program, Toledo, OH; Renaud Whittom, Hôpital du Sacré-Coeur de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada; Alexander Hantel, Loyola University Stritch School of Medicine, Naperville; Al B. Benson, Robert H Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Northwestern University; Hedy L. Kindler, University of Chicago Comprehensive Cancer, Chicago, IL; Daniel M. Atienza, Virginia Oncology Associates, Norfolk, VA; Alan Venook, University of California at San Francisco Comprehensive Cancer Center, San Francisco, CA; and Charles S. Fuchs, Yale Cancer Center, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT
| | - Shuji Ogino
- Temidayo Fadelu, Sui Zhang, Robert J. Mayer, Shuji Ogino, Kimmie Ng, Jeffrey Meyerhardt, and Charles S. Fuchs, Dana-Farber/Partners CancerCare; Shuji Ogino, Kana Wu, Walter Willett, and Edward Giovannucci, Harvard TH Chan School of Public Health; Shuji Ogino, Edward Giovannucci, and Ying Bao, Brigham and Women's Hospital, and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA; Donna Niedzwiecki and Xing Ye, Alliance Statistics and Data Center, Duke University, Durham; Michael Messino, Southeast Clinical Oncology Research Consortium, Mission Hospitals, Asheville, NC; Leonard B. Saltz, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY; Rex B. Mowat, Toledo Community Hospital Oncology Program, Toledo, OH; Renaud Whittom, Hôpital du Sacré-Coeur de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada; Alexander Hantel, Loyola University Stritch School of Medicine, Naperville; Al B. Benson, Robert H Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Northwestern University; Hedy L. Kindler, University of Chicago Comprehensive Cancer, Chicago, IL; Daniel M. Atienza, Virginia Oncology Associates, Norfolk, VA; Alan Venook, University of California at San Francisco Comprehensive Cancer Center, San Francisco, CA; and Charles S. Fuchs, Yale Cancer Center, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT
| | - Kimmie Ng
- Temidayo Fadelu, Sui Zhang, Robert J. Mayer, Shuji Ogino, Kimmie Ng, Jeffrey Meyerhardt, and Charles S. Fuchs, Dana-Farber/Partners CancerCare; Shuji Ogino, Kana Wu, Walter Willett, and Edward Giovannucci, Harvard TH Chan School of Public Health; Shuji Ogino, Edward Giovannucci, and Ying Bao, Brigham and Women's Hospital, and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA; Donna Niedzwiecki and Xing Ye, Alliance Statistics and Data Center, Duke University, Durham; Michael Messino, Southeast Clinical Oncology Research Consortium, Mission Hospitals, Asheville, NC; Leonard B. Saltz, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY; Rex B. Mowat, Toledo Community Hospital Oncology Program, Toledo, OH; Renaud Whittom, Hôpital du Sacré-Coeur de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada; Alexander Hantel, Loyola University Stritch School of Medicine, Naperville; Al B. Benson, Robert H Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Northwestern University; Hedy L. Kindler, University of Chicago Comprehensive Cancer, Chicago, IL; Daniel M. Atienza, Virginia Oncology Associates, Norfolk, VA; Alan Venook, University of California at San Francisco Comprehensive Cancer Center, San Francisco, CA; and Charles S. Fuchs, Yale Cancer Center, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT
| | - Kana Wu
- Temidayo Fadelu, Sui Zhang, Robert J. Mayer, Shuji Ogino, Kimmie Ng, Jeffrey Meyerhardt, and Charles S. Fuchs, Dana-Farber/Partners CancerCare; Shuji Ogino, Kana Wu, Walter Willett, and Edward Giovannucci, Harvard TH Chan School of Public Health; Shuji Ogino, Edward Giovannucci, and Ying Bao, Brigham and Women's Hospital, and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA; Donna Niedzwiecki and Xing Ye, Alliance Statistics and Data Center, Duke University, Durham; Michael Messino, Southeast Clinical Oncology Research Consortium, Mission Hospitals, Asheville, NC; Leonard B. Saltz, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY; Rex B. Mowat, Toledo Community Hospital Oncology Program, Toledo, OH; Renaud Whittom, Hôpital du Sacré-Coeur de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada; Alexander Hantel, Loyola University Stritch School of Medicine, Naperville; Al B. Benson, Robert H Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Northwestern University; Hedy L. Kindler, University of Chicago Comprehensive Cancer, Chicago, IL; Daniel M. Atienza, Virginia Oncology Associates, Norfolk, VA; Alan Venook, University of California at San Francisco Comprehensive Cancer Center, San Francisco, CA; and Charles S. Fuchs, Yale Cancer Center, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT
| | - Walter Willett
- Temidayo Fadelu, Sui Zhang, Robert J. Mayer, Shuji Ogino, Kimmie Ng, Jeffrey Meyerhardt, and Charles S. Fuchs, Dana-Farber/Partners CancerCare; Shuji Ogino, Kana Wu, Walter Willett, and Edward Giovannucci, Harvard TH Chan School of Public Health; Shuji Ogino, Edward Giovannucci, and Ying Bao, Brigham and Women's Hospital, and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA; Donna Niedzwiecki and Xing Ye, Alliance Statistics and Data Center, Duke University, Durham; Michael Messino, Southeast Clinical Oncology Research Consortium, Mission Hospitals, Asheville, NC; Leonard B. Saltz, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY; Rex B. Mowat, Toledo Community Hospital Oncology Program, Toledo, OH; Renaud Whittom, Hôpital du Sacré-Coeur de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada; Alexander Hantel, Loyola University Stritch School of Medicine, Naperville; Al B. Benson, Robert H Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Northwestern University; Hedy L. Kindler, University of Chicago Comprehensive Cancer, Chicago, IL; Daniel M. Atienza, Virginia Oncology Associates, Norfolk, VA; Alan Venook, University of California at San Francisco Comprehensive Cancer Center, San Francisco, CA; and Charles S. Fuchs, Yale Cancer Center, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT
| | - Edward Giovannucci
- Temidayo Fadelu, Sui Zhang, Robert J. Mayer, Shuji Ogino, Kimmie Ng, Jeffrey Meyerhardt, and Charles S. Fuchs, Dana-Farber/Partners CancerCare; Shuji Ogino, Kana Wu, Walter Willett, and Edward Giovannucci, Harvard TH Chan School of Public Health; Shuji Ogino, Edward Giovannucci, and Ying Bao, Brigham and Women's Hospital, and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA; Donna Niedzwiecki and Xing Ye, Alliance Statistics and Data Center, Duke University, Durham; Michael Messino, Southeast Clinical Oncology Research Consortium, Mission Hospitals, Asheville, NC; Leonard B. Saltz, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY; Rex B. Mowat, Toledo Community Hospital Oncology Program, Toledo, OH; Renaud Whittom, Hôpital du Sacré-Coeur de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada; Alexander Hantel, Loyola University Stritch School of Medicine, Naperville; Al B. Benson, Robert H Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Northwestern University; Hedy L. Kindler, University of Chicago Comprehensive Cancer, Chicago, IL; Daniel M. Atienza, Virginia Oncology Associates, Norfolk, VA; Alan Venook, University of California at San Francisco Comprehensive Cancer Center, San Francisco, CA; and Charles S. Fuchs, Yale Cancer Center, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT
| | - Jeffrey Meyerhardt
- Temidayo Fadelu, Sui Zhang, Robert J. Mayer, Shuji Ogino, Kimmie Ng, Jeffrey Meyerhardt, and Charles S. Fuchs, Dana-Farber/Partners CancerCare; Shuji Ogino, Kana Wu, Walter Willett, and Edward Giovannucci, Harvard TH Chan School of Public Health; Shuji Ogino, Edward Giovannucci, and Ying Bao, Brigham and Women's Hospital, and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA; Donna Niedzwiecki and Xing Ye, Alliance Statistics and Data Center, Duke University, Durham; Michael Messino, Southeast Clinical Oncology Research Consortium, Mission Hospitals, Asheville, NC; Leonard B. Saltz, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY; Rex B. Mowat, Toledo Community Hospital Oncology Program, Toledo, OH; Renaud Whittom, Hôpital du Sacré-Coeur de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada; Alexander Hantel, Loyola University Stritch School of Medicine, Naperville; Al B. Benson, Robert H Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Northwestern University; Hedy L. Kindler, University of Chicago Comprehensive Cancer, Chicago, IL; Daniel M. Atienza, Virginia Oncology Associates, Norfolk, VA; Alan Venook, University of California at San Francisco Comprehensive Cancer Center, San Francisco, CA; and Charles S. Fuchs, Yale Cancer Center, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT
| | - Ying Bao
- Temidayo Fadelu, Sui Zhang, Robert J. Mayer, Shuji Ogino, Kimmie Ng, Jeffrey Meyerhardt, and Charles S. Fuchs, Dana-Farber/Partners CancerCare; Shuji Ogino, Kana Wu, Walter Willett, and Edward Giovannucci, Harvard TH Chan School of Public Health; Shuji Ogino, Edward Giovannucci, and Ying Bao, Brigham and Women's Hospital, and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA; Donna Niedzwiecki and Xing Ye, Alliance Statistics and Data Center, Duke University, Durham; Michael Messino, Southeast Clinical Oncology Research Consortium, Mission Hospitals, Asheville, NC; Leonard B. Saltz, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY; Rex B. Mowat, Toledo Community Hospital Oncology Program, Toledo, OH; Renaud Whittom, Hôpital du Sacré-Coeur de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada; Alexander Hantel, Loyola University Stritch School of Medicine, Naperville; Al B. Benson, Robert H Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Northwestern University; Hedy L. Kindler, University of Chicago Comprehensive Cancer, Chicago, IL; Daniel M. Atienza, Virginia Oncology Associates, Norfolk, VA; Alan Venook, University of California at San Francisco Comprehensive Cancer Center, San Francisco, CA; and Charles S. Fuchs, Yale Cancer Center, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT
| | - Charles S Fuchs
- Temidayo Fadelu, Sui Zhang, Robert J. Mayer, Shuji Ogino, Kimmie Ng, Jeffrey Meyerhardt, and Charles S. Fuchs, Dana-Farber/Partners CancerCare; Shuji Ogino, Kana Wu, Walter Willett, and Edward Giovannucci, Harvard TH Chan School of Public Health; Shuji Ogino, Edward Giovannucci, and Ying Bao, Brigham and Women's Hospital, and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA; Donna Niedzwiecki and Xing Ye, Alliance Statistics and Data Center, Duke University, Durham; Michael Messino, Southeast Clinical Oncology Research Consortium, Mission Hospitals, Asheville, NC; Leonard B. Saltz, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY; Rex B. Mowat, Toledo Community Hospital Oncology Program, Toledo, OH; Renaud Whittom, Hôpital du Sacré-Coeur de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada; Alexander Hantel, Loyola University Stritch School of Medicine, Naperville; Al B. Benson, Robert H Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Northwestern University; Hedy L. Kindler, University of Chicago Comprehensive Cancer, Chicago, IL; Daniel M. Atienza, Virginia Oncology Associates, Norfolk, VA; Alan Venook, University of California at San Francisco Comprehensive Cancer Center, San Francisco, CA; and Charles S. Fuchs, Yale Cancer Center, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT
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Pérez-Martínez P, Mikhailidis DP, Athyros VG, Bullo M, Couture P, Covas MI, de Koning L, Delgado-Lista J, Díaz-López A, Drevon CA, Estruch R, Esposito K, Fitó M, Garaulet M, Giugliano D, García-Ríos A, Katsiki N, Kolovou G, Lamarche B, Maiorino MI, Mena-Sánchez G, Muñoz-Garach A, Nikolic D, Ordovás JM, Pérez-Jiménez F, Rizzo M, Salas-Salvadó J, Schröder H, Tinahones FJ, de la Torre R, van Ommen B, Wopereis S, Ros E, López-Miranda J. Lifestyle recommendations for the prevention and management of metabolic syndrome: an international panel recommendation. Nutr Rev 2017; 75:307-326. [PMID: 28521334 DOI: 10.1093/nutrit/nux014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 261] [Impact Index Per Article: 37.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
The importance of metabolic syndrome (MetS) lies in its associated risk of cardiovascular disease and type 2 diabetes, as well as other harmful conditions such as nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. In this report, the available scientific evidence on the associations between lifestyle changes and MetS and its components is reviewed to derive recommendations for MetS prevention and management. Weight loss through an energy-restricted diet together with increased energy expenditure through physical activity contribute to the prevention and treatment of MetS. A Mediterranean-type diet, with or without energy restriction, is an effective treatment component. This dietary pattern should be built upon an increased intake of unsaturated fat, primarily from olive oil, and emphasize the consumption of legumes, cereals (whole grains), fruits, vegetables, nuts, fish, and low-fat dairy products, as well as moderate consumption of alcohol. Other dietary patterns (Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension, new Nordic, and vegetarian diets) have also been proposed as alternatives for preventing MetS. Quitting smoking and reducing intake of sugar-sweetened beverages and meat and meat products are mandatory. Nevertheless, there are inconsistencies and gaps in the evidence, and additional research is needed to define the most appropriate therapies for MetS. In conclusion, a healthy lifestyle is critical to prevent or delay the onset of MetS in susceptible individuals and to prevent cardiovascular disease and type 2 diabetes in those with existing MetS. The recommendations provided in this article should help patients and clinicians understand and implement the most effective approaches for lifestyle change to prevent MetS and improve cardiometabolic health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pablo Pérez-Martínez
- P. Pérez-Martínez, J. Delgado-Lista, A. García-Ríos, F. Pérez-Jiménez, and J. López-Miranda are with the Lipid and Atherosclerosis Unit, IMIBIC/Reina Sofia University Hospital/University of Cordoba, Cordoba, Spain. P. Pérez-Martínez, M. Bullo, M.I. Covas, J. Delgado-Lista, A. Díaz-López, R. Estruch, M. Fitó, A. García-Ríos, G. Mena-Sánchez, A. Muñoz-Garach, F. Pérez-Jiménez, J. Salas-Salvadó, F.J. Tinahones, R. de la Torre, E. Ros, and J. López-Miranda are with the CIBER Fisiopatologia Obesidad y Nutricion (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain. D.P. Mikhailidis is with the Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Royal Free Hospital Campus, University College London Medical School, University College London, London, United Kingdom. V.G. Athyros and N. Katsiki are with the Second Propedeutic Department of Internal Medicine, Medical School, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Hippokration Hospital, Thessaloniki, Greece. M. Bullo, A. Díaz-López, G. Mena-Sánchez, and J. Salas-Salvadó are with the Human Nutrition Unit, Biochemistry Biotechnology Department, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Hospital Universitari de Sant Joan de Reus, IISPV, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Reus, Spain. P. Couture and B. Lamarche are with the Institute on Nutrition and Functional Foods, Laval University, Quebec, Canada. M.I. Covas, M. Fitó, and H. Schröder are with the Cardiovascular Risk and Nutrition Research Group, Hospital del Mar Research Institute, Barcelona, Spain. M.I. Covas is with the NUPROAS (Nutritional Project Assessment) Handesbolag, Nacka?, Sweden. L. de Koning is with the the Department of Pathology and Department of Laboratory Medicine, Pediatrics, and Community Health Sciences, University of Calgary, Alberta, Canada. C.A. Drevon is with the Department of Nutrition, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway. R. Estruch is with the Department of Internal Medicine, Hospital Clínic, Institut d'Investigacions Biomédiques August Pi i Sunyer, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain. K. Esposito, D. Giugliano, and M. Ida Maiorino are with the Division of Endocrinology and Metabolic Diseases, Second University of Naples Diabetes Unit, Second University of Naples, Naples, Italy. M. Garaulet is with the Chronobiology Laboratory, Department of Physiology, University of Murcia and Research Biomedical Institute of Murcia, Murcia, Spain. G. Kolovou is with the 1st Cardiology Department, Onassis Cardiac Surgery Center, Athens, Greece. A. Muñoz-Garach and F.J. Tinahones are with the Servicio de Endocrinologia y Nutricion, Hospital Clinico Virgen de la Victoria, Malaga, Spain. D. Nikolic and M. Rizzo are with the Biomedical Department of Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy. J.M. Ordovás is with the Jean Mayer US Department of Agriculture Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, United States. J.M. Ordovás is with the Department of Epidemiology, National Center of Cardiovascular Investigations, Madrid, Spain; and the Madrid Institute of Advanced Studies-Food, Madrid, Spain. H. Schröder is with the CIBER de Epidemiologia y Salud Pública, Madrid, Spain. R. de la Torre is with the Human Pharmacology and Clinical Neurosciences Research Group, Hospital del Mar Research Institute, Barcelona, Spain. B. van Ommen and S. Wopereis are with the Toegepast Natuurwetenschappelijk Onderzoek, Zeist, The Netherlands. E. Ros is with the Lipid Clinic, Endocrinology and Nutrition Service, Institut d'Investigacions Biomédiques August Pi i Sunyer, Hospital Clínic, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Dimitri P Mikhailidis
- P. Pérez-Martínez, J. Delgado-Lista, A. García-Ríos, F. Pérez-Jiménez, and J. López-Miranda are with the Lipid and Atherosclerosis Unit, IMIBIC/Reina Sofia University Hospital/University of Cordoba, Cordoba, Spain. P. Pérez-Martínez, M. Bullo, M.I. Covas, J. Delgado-Lista, A. Díaz-López, R. Estruch, M. Fitó, A. García-Ríos, G. Mena-Sánchez, A. Muñoz-Garach, F. Pérez-Jiménez, J. Salas-Salvadó, F.J. Tinahones, R. de la Torre, E. Ros, and J. López-Miranda are with the CIBER Fisiopatologia Obesidad y Nutricion (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain. D.P. Mikhailidis is with the Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Royal Free Hospital Campus, University College London Medical School, University College London, London, United Kingdom. V.G. Athyros and N. Katsiki are with the Second Propedeutic Department of Internal Medicine, Medical School, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Hippokration Hospital, Thessaloniki, Greece. M. Bullo, A. Díaz-López, G. Mena-Sánchez, and J. Salas-Salvadó are with the Human Nutrition Unit, Biochemistry Biotechnology Department, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Hospital Universitari de Sant Joan de Reus, IISPV, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Reus, Spain. P. Couture and B. Lamarche are with the Institute on Nutrition and Functional Foods, Laval University, Quebec, Canada. M.I. Covas, M. Fitó, and H. Schröder are with the Cardiovascular Risk and Nutrition Research Group, Hospital del Mar Research Institute, Barcelona, Spain. M.I. Covas is with the NUPROAS (Nutritional Project Assessment) Handesbolag, Nacka?, Sweden. L. de Koning is with the the Department of Pathology and Department of Laboratory Medicine, Pediatrics, and Community Health Sciences, University of Calgary, Alberta, Canada. C.A. Drevon is with the Department of Nutrition, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway. R. Estruch is with the Department of Internal Medicine, Hospital Clínic, Institut d'Investigacions Biomédiques August Pi i Sunyer, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain. K. Esposito, D. Giugliano, and M. Ida Maiorino are with the Division of Endocrinology and Metabolic Diseases, Second University of Naples Diabetes Unit, Second University of Naples, Naples, Italy. M. Garaulet is with the Chronobiology Laboratory, Department of Physiology, University of Murcia and Research Biomedical Institute of Murcia, Murcia, Spain. G. Kolovou is with the 1st Cardiology Department, Onassis Cardiac Surgery Center, Athens, Greece. A. Muñoz-Garach and F.J. Tinahones are with the Servicio de Endocrinologia y Nutricion, Hospital Clinico Virgen de la Victoria, Malaga, Spain. D. Nikolic and M. Rizzo are with the Biomedical Department of Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy. J.M. Ordovás is with the Jean Mayer US Department of Agriculture Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, United States. J.M. Ordovás is with the Department of Epidemiology, National Center of Cardiovascular Investigations, Madrid, Spain; and the Madrid Institute of Advanced Studies-Food, Madrid, Spain. H. Schröder is with the CIBER de Epidemiologia y Salud Pública, Madrid, Spain. R. de la Torre is with the Human Pharmacology and Clinical Neurosciences Research Group, Hospital del Mar Research Institute, Barcelona, Spain. B. van Ommen and S. Wopereis are with the Toegepast Natuurwetenschappelijk Onderzoek, Zeist, The Netherlands. E. Ros is with the Lipid Clinic, Endocrinology and Nutrition Service, Institut d'Investigacions Biomédiques August Pi i Sunyer, Hospital Clínic, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Vasilios G Athyros
- P. Pérez-Martínez, J. Delgado-Lista, A. García-Ríos, F. Pérez-Jiménez, and J. López-Miranda are with the Lipid and Atherosclerosis Unit, IMIBIC/Reina Sofia University Hospital/University of Cordoba, Cordoba, Spain. P. Pérez-Martínez, M. Bullo, M.I. Covas, J. Delgado-Lista, A. Díaz-López, R. Estruch, M. Fitó, A. García-Ríos, G. Mena-Sánchez, A. Muñoz-Garach, F. Pérez-Jiménez, J. Salas-Salvadó, F.J. Tinahones, R. de la Torre, E. Ros, and J. López-Miranda are with the CIBER Fisiopatologia Obesidad y Nutricion (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain. D.P. Mikhailidis is with the Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Royal Free Hospital Campus, University College London Medical School, University College London, London, United Kingdom. V.G. Athyros and N. Katsiki are with the Second Propedeutic Department of Internal Medicine, Medical School, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Hippokration Hospital, Thessaloniki, Greece. M. Bullo, A. Díaz-López, G. Mena-Sánchez, and J. Salas-Salvadó are with the Human Nutrition Unit, Biochemistry Biotechnology Department, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Hospital Universitari de Sant Joan de Reus, IISPV, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Reus, Spain. P. Couture and B. Lamarche are with the Institute on Nutrition and Functional Foods, Laval University, Quebec, Canada. M.I. Covas, M. Fitó, and H. Schröder are with the Cardiovascular Risk and Nutrition Research Group, Hospital del Mar Research Institute, Barcelona, Spain. M.I. Covas is with the NUPROAS (Nutritional Project Assessment) Handesbolag, Nacka?, Sweden. L. de Koning is with the the Department of Pathology and Department of Laboratory Medicine, Pediatrics, and Community Health Sciences, University of Calgary, Alberta, Canada. C.A. Drevon is with the Department of Nutrition, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway. R. Estruch is with the Department of Internal Medicine, Hospital Clínic, Institut d'Investigacions Biomédiques August Pi i Sunyer, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain. K. Esposito, D. Giugliano, and M. Ida Maiorino are with the Division of Endocrinology and Metabolic Diseases, Second University of Naples Diabetes Unit, Second University of Naples, Naples, Italy. M. Garaulet is with the Chronobiology Laboratory, Department of Physiology, University of Murcia and Research Biomedical Institute of Murcia, Murcia, Spain. G. Kolovou is with the 1st Cardiology Department, Onassis Cardiac Surgery Center, Athens, Greece. A. Muñoz-Garach and F.J. Tinahones are with the Servicio de Endocrinologia y Nutricion, Hospital Clinico Virgen de la Victoria, Malaga, Spain. D. Nikolic and M. Rizzo are with the Biomedical Department of Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy. J.M. Ordovás is with the Jean Mayer US Department of Agriculture Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, United States. J.M. Ordovás is with the Department of Epidemiology, National Center of Cardiovascular Investigations, Madrid, Spain; and the Madrid Institute of Advanced Studies-Food, Madrid, Spain. H. Schröder is with the CIBER de Epidemiologia y Salud Pública, Madrid, Spain. R. de la Torre is with the Human Pharmacology and Clinical Neurosciences Research Group, Hospital del Mar Research Institute, Barcelona, Spain. B. van Ommen and S. Wopereis are with the Toegepast Natuurwetenschappelijk Onderzoek, Zeist, The Netherlands. E. Ros is with the Lipid Clinic, Endocrinology and Nutrition Service, Institut d'Investigacions Biomédiques August Pi i Sunyer, Hospital Clínic, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Mónica Bullo
- P. Pérez-Martínez, J. Delgado-Lista, A. García-Ríos, F. Pérez-Jiménez, and J. López-Miranda are with the Lipid and Atherosclerosis Unit, IMIBIC/Reina Sofia University Hospital/University of Cordoba, Cordoba, Spain. P. Pérez-Martínez, M. Bullo, M.I. Covas, J. Delgado-Lista, A. Díaz-López, R. Estruch, M. Fitó, A. García-Ríos, G. Mena-Sánchez, A. Muñoz-Garach, F. Pérez-Jiménez, J. Salas-Salvadó, F.J. Tinahones, R. de la Torre, E. Ros, and J. López-Miranda are with the CIBER Fisiopatologia Obesidad y Nutricion (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain. D.P. Mikhailidis is with the Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Royal Free Hospital Campus, University College London Medical School, University College London, London, United Kingdom. V.G. Athyros and N. Katsiki are with the Second Propedeutic Department of Internal Medicine, Medical School, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Hippokration Hospital, Thessaloniki, Greece. M. Bullo, A. Díaz-López, G. Mena-Sánchez, and J. Salas-Salvadó are with the Human Nutrition Unit, Biochemistry Biotechnology Department, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Hospital Universitari de Sant Joan de Reus, IISPV, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Reus, Spain. P. Couture and B. Lamarche are with the Institute on Nutrition and Functional Foods, Laval University, Quebec, Canada. M.I. Covas, M. Fitó, and H. Schröder are with the Cardiovascular Risk and Nutrition Research Group, Hospital del Mar Research Institute, Barcelona, Spain. M.I. Covas is with the NUPROAS (Nutritional Project Assessment) Handesbolag, Nacka?, Sweden. L. de Koning is with the the Department of Pathology and Department of Laboratory Medicine, Pediatrics, and Community Health Sciences, University of Calgary, Alberta, Canada. C.A. Drevon is with the Department of Nutrition, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway. R. Estruch is with the Department of Internal Medicine, Hospital Clínic, Institut d'Investigacions Biomédiques August Pi i Sunyer, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain. K. Esposito, D. Giugliano, and M. Ida Maiorino are with the Division of Endocrinology and Metabolic Diseases, Second University of Naples Diabetes Unit, Second University of Naples, Naples, Italy. M. Garaulet is with the Chronobiology Laboratory, Department of Physiology, University of Murcia and Research Biomedical Institute of Murcia, Murcia, Spain. G. Kolovou is with the 1st Cardiology Department, Onassis Cardiac Surgery Center, Athens, Greece. A. Muñoz-Garach and F.J. Tinahones are with the Servicio de Endocrinologia y Nutricion, Hospital Clinico Virgen de la Victoria, Malaga, Spain. D. Nikolic and M. Rizzo are with the Biomedical Department of Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy. J.M. Ordovás is with the Jean Mayer US Department of Agriculture Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, United States. J.M. Ordovás is with the Department of Epidemiology, National Center of Cardiovascular Investigations, Madrid, Spain; and the Madrid Institute of Advanced Studies-Food, Madrid, Spain. H. Schröder is with the CIBER de Epidemiologia y Salud Pública, Madrid, Spain. R. de la Torre is with the Human Pharmacology and Clinical Neurosciences Research Group, Hospital del Mar Research Institute, Barcelona, Spain. B. van Ommen and S. Wopereis are with the Toegepast Natuurwetenschappelijk Onderzoek, Zeist, The Netherlands. E. Ros is with the Lipid Clinic, Endocrinology and Nutrition Service, Institut d'Investigacions Biomédiques August Pi i Sunyer, Hospital Clínic, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Patrick Couture
- P. Pérez-Martínez, J. Delgado-Lista, A. García-Ríos, F. Pérez-Jiménez, and J. López-Miranda are with the Lipid and Atherosclerosis Unit, IMIBIC/Reina Sofia University Hospital/University of Cordoba, Cordoba, Spain. P. Pérez-Martínez, M. Bullo, M.I. Covas, J. Delgado-Lista, A. Díaz-López, R. Estruch, M. Fitó, A. García-Ríos, G. Mena-Sánchez, A. Muñoz-Garach, F. Pérez-Jiménez, J. Salas-Salvadó, F.J. Tinahones, R. de la Torre, E. Ros, and J. López-Miranda are with the CIBER Fisiopatologia Obesidad y Nutricion (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain. D.P. Mikhailidis is with the Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Royal Free Hospital Campus, University College London Medical School, University College London, London, United Kingdom. V.G. Athyros and N. Katsiki are with the Second Propedeutic Department of Internal Medicine, Medical School, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Hippokration Hospital, Thessaloniki, Greece. M. Bullo, A. Díaz-López, G. Mena-Sánchez, and J. Salas-Salvadó are with the Human Nutrition Unit, Biochemistry Biotechnology Department, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Hospital Universitari de Sant Joan de Reus, IISPV, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Reus, Spain. P. Couture and B. Lamarche are with the Institute on Nutrition and Functional Foods, Laval University, Quebec, Canada. M.I. Covas, M. Fitó, and H. Schröder are with the Cardiovascular Risk and Nutrition Research Group, Hospital del Mar Research Institute, Barcelona, Spain. M.I. Covas is with the NUPROAS (Nutritional Project Assessment) Handesbolag, Nacka?, Sweden. L. de Koning is with the the Department of Pathology and Department of Laboratory Medicine, Pediatrics, and Community Health Sciences, University of Calgary, Alberta, Canada. C.A. Drevon is with the Department of Nutrition, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway. R. Estruch is with the Department of Internal Medicine, Hospital Clínic, Institut d'Investigacions Biomédiques August Pi i Sunyer, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain. K. Esposito, D. Giugliano, and M. Ida Maiorino are with the Division of Endocrinology and Metabolic Diseases, Second University of Naples Diabetes Unit, Second University of Naples, Naples, Italy. M. Garaulet is with the Chronobiology Laboratory, Department of Physiology, University of Murcia and Research Biomedical Institute of Murcia, Murcia, Spain. G. Kolovou is with the 1st Cardiology Department, Onassis Cardiac Surgery Center, Athens, Greece. A. Muñoz-Garach and F.J. Tinahones are with the Servicio de Endocrinologia y Nutricion, Hospital Clinico Virgen de la Victoria, Malaga, Spain. D. Nikolic and M. Rizzo are with the Biomedical Department of Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy. J.M. Ordovás is with the Jean Mayer US Department of Agriculture Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, United States. J.M. Ordovás is with the Department of Epidemiology, National Center of Cardiovascular Investigations, Madrid, Spain; and the Madrid Institute of Advanced Studies-Food, Madrid, Spain. H. Schröder is with the CIBER de Epidemiologia y Salud Pública, Madrid, Spain. R. de la Torre is with the Human Pharmacology and Clinical Neurosciences Research Group, Hospital del Mar Research Institute, Barcelona, Spain. B. van Ommen and S. Wopereis are with the Toegepast Natuurwetenschappelijk Onderzoek, Zeist, The Netherlands. E. Ros is with the Lipid Clinic, Endocrinology and Nutrition Service, Institut d'Investigacions Biomédiques August Pi i Sunyer, Hospital Clínic, Barcelona, Spain
| | - María I Covas
- P. Pérez-Martínez, J. Delgado-Lista, A. García-Ríos, F. Pérez-Jiménez, and J. López-Miranda are with the Lipid and Atherosclerosis Unit, IMIBIC/Reina Sofia University Hospital/University of Cordoba, Cordoba, Spain. P. Pérez-Martínez, M. Bullo, M.I. Covas, J. Delgado-Lista, A. Díaz-López, R. Estruch, M. Fitó, A. García-Ríos, G. Mena-Sánchez, A. Muñoz-Garach, F. Pérez-Jiménez, J. Salas-Salvadó, F.J. Tinahones, R. de la Torre, E. Ros, and J. López-Miranda are with the CIBER Fisiopatologia Obesidad y Nutricion (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain. D.P. Mikhailidis is with the Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Royal Free Hospital Campus, University College London Medical School, University College London, London, United Kingdom. V.G. Athyros and N. Katsiki are with the Second Propedeutic Department of Internal Medicine, Medical School, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Hippokration Hospital, Thessaloniki, Greece. M. Bullo, A. Díaz-López, G. Mena-Sánchez, and J. Salas-Salvadó are with the Human Nutrition Unit, Biochemistry Biotechnology Department, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Hospital Universitari de Sant Joan de Reus, IISPV, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Reus, Spain. P. Couture and B. Lamarche are with the Institute on Nutrition and Functional Foods, Laval University, Quebec, Canada. M.I. Covas, M. Fitó, and H. Schröder are with the Cardiovascular Risk and Nutrition Research Group, Hospital del Mar Research Institute, Barcelona, Spain. M.I. Covas is with the NUPROAS (Nutritional Project Assessment) Handesbolag, Nacka?, Sweden. L. de Koning is with the the Department of Pathology and Department of Laboratory Medicine, Pediatrics, and Community Health Sciences, University of Calgary, Alberta, Canada. C.A. Drevon is with the Department of Nutrition, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway. R. Estruch is with the Department of Internal Medicine, Hospital Clínic, Institut d'Investigacions Biomédiques August Pi i Sunyer, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain. K. Esposito, D. Giugliano, and M. Ida Maiorino are with the Division of Endocrinology and Metabolic Diseases, Second University of Naples Diabetes Unit, Second University of Naples, Naples, Italy. M. Garaulet is with the Chronobiology Laboratory, Department of Physiology, University of Murcia and Research Biomedical Institute of Murcia, Murcia, Spain. G. Kolovou is with the 1st Cardiology Department, Onassis Cardiac Surgery Center, Athens, Greece. A. Muñoz-Garach and F.J. Tinahones are with the Servicio de Endocrinologia y Nutricion, Hospital Clinico Virgen de la Victoria, Malaga, Spain. D. Nikolic and M. Rizzo are with the Biomedical Department of Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy. J.M. Ordovás is with the Jean Mayer US Department of Agriculture Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, United States. J.M. Ordovás is with the Department of Epidemiology, National Center of Cardiovascular Investigations, Madrid, Spain; and the Madrid Institute of Advanced Studies-Food, Madrid, Spain. H. Schröder is with the CIBER de Epidemiologia y Salud Pública, Madrid, Spain. R. de la Torre is with the Human Pharmacology and Clinical Neurosciences Research Group, Hospital del Mar Research Institute, Barcelona, Spain. B. van Ommen and S. Wopereis are with the Toegepast Natuurwetenschappelijk Onderzoek, Zeist, The Netherlands. E. Ros is with the Lipid Clinic, Endocrinology and Nutrition Service, Institut d'Investigacions Biomédiques August Pi i Sunyer, Hospital Clínic, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Lawrence de Koning
- P. Pérez-Martínez, J. Delgado-Lista, A. García-Ríos, F. Pérez-Jiménez, and J. López-Miranda are with the Lipid and Atherosclerosis Unit, IMIBIC/Reina Sofia University Hospital/University of Cordoba, Cordoba, Spain. P. Pérez-Martínez, M. Bullo, M.I. Covas, J. Delgado-Lista, A. Díaz-López, R. Estruch, M. Fitó, A. García-Ríos, G. Mena-Sánchez, A. Muñoz-Garach, F. Pérez-Jiménez, J. Salas-Salvadó, F.J. Tinahones, R. de la Torre, E. Ros, and J. López-Miranda are with the CIBER Fisiopatologia Obesidad y Nutricion (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain. D.P. Mikhailidis is with the Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Royal Free Hospital Campus, University College London Medical School, University College London, London, United Kingdom. V.G. Athyros and N. Katsiki are with the Second Propedeutic Department of Internal Medicine, Medical School, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Hippokration Hospital, Thessaloniki, Greece. M. Bullo, A. Díaz-López, G. Mena-Sánchez, and J. Salas-Salvadó are with the Human Nutrition Unit, Biochemistry Biotechnology Department, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Hospital Universitari de Sant Joan de Reus, IISPV, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Reus, Spain. P. Couture and B. Lamarche are with the Institute on Nutrition and Functional Foods, Laval University, Quebec, Canada. M.I. Covas, M. Fitó, and H. Schröder are with the Cardiovascular Risk and Nutrition Research Group, Hospital del Mar Research Institute, Barcelona, Spain. M.I. Covas is with the NUPROAS (Nutritional Project Assessment) Handesbolag, Nacka?, Sweden. L. de Koning is with the the Department of Pathology and Department of Laboratory Medicine, Pediatrics, and Community Health Sciences, University of Calgary, Alberta, Canada. C.A. Drevon is with the Department of Nutrition, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway. R. Estruch is with the Department of Internal Medicine, Hospital Clínic, Institut d'Investigacions Biomédiques August Pi i Sunyer, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain. K. Esposito, D. Giugliano, and M. Ida Maiorino are with the Division of Endocrinology and Metabolic Diseases, Second University of Naples Diabetes Unit, Second University of Naples, Naples, Italy. M. Garaulet is with the Chronobiology Laboratory, Department of Physiology, University of Murcia and Research Biomedical Institute of Murcia, Murcia, Spain. G. Kolovou is with the 1st Cardiology Department, Onassis Cardiac Surgery Center, Athens, Greece. A. Muñoz-Garach and F.J. Tinahones are with the Servicio de Endocrinologia y Nutricion, Hospital Clinico Virgen de la Victoria, Malaga, Spain. D. Nikolic and M. Rizzo are with the Biomedical Department of Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy. J.M. Ordovás is with the Jean Mayer US Department of Agriculture Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, United States. J.M. Ordovás is with the Department of Epidemiology, National Center of Cardiovascular Investigations, Madrid, Spain; and the Madrid Institute of Advanced Studies-Food, Madrid, Spain. H. Schröder is with the CIBER de Epidemiologia y Salud Pública, Madrid, Spain. R. de la Torre is with the Human Pharmacology and Clinical Neurosciences Research Group, Hospital del Mar Research Institute, Barcelona, Spain. B. van Ommen and S. Wopereis are with the Toegepast Natuurwetenschappelijk Onderzoek, Zeist, The Netherlands. E. Ros is with the Lipid Clinic, Endocrinology and Nutrition Service, Institut d'Investigacions Biomédiques August Pi i Sunyer, Hospital Clínic, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Javier Delgado-Lista
- P. Pérez-Martínez, J. Delgado-Lista, A. García-Ríos, F. Pérez-Jiménez, and J. López-Miranda are with the Lipid and Atherosclerosis Unit, IMIBIC/Reina Sofia University Hospital/University of Cordoba, Cordoba, Spain. P. Pérez-Martínez, M. Bullo, M.I. Covas, J. Delgado-Lista, A. Díaz-López, R. Estruch, M. Fitó, A. García-Ríos, G. Mena-Sánchez, A. Muñoz-Garach, F. Pérez-Jiménez, J. Salas-Salvadó, F.J. Tinahones, R. de la Torre, E. Ros, and J. López-Miranda are with the CIBER Fisiopatologia Obesidad y Nutricion (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain. D.P. Mikhailidis is with the Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Royal Free Hospital Campus, University College London Medical School, University College London, London, United Kingdom. V.G. Athyros and N. Katsiki are with the Second Propedeutic Department of Internal Medicine, Medical School, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Hippokration Hospital, Thessaloniki, Greece. M. Bullo, A. Díaz-López, G. Mena-Sánchez, and J. Salas-Salvadó are with the Human Nutrition Unit, Biochemistry Biotechnology Department, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Hospital Universitari de Sant Joan de Reus, IISPV, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Reus, Spain. P. Couture and B. Lamarche are with the Institute on Nutrition and Functional Foods, Laval University, Quebec, Canada. M.I. Covas, M. Fitó, and H. Schröder are with the Cardiovascular Risk and Nutrition Research Group, Hospital del Mar Research Institute, Barcelona, Spain. M.I. Covas is with the NUPROAS (Nutritional Project Assessment) Handesbolag, Nacka?, Sweden. L. de Koning is with the the Department of Pathology and Department of Laboratory Medicine, Pediatrics, and Community Health Sciences, University of Calgary, Alberta, Canada. C.A. Drevon is with the Department of Nutrition, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway. R. Estruch is with the Department of Internal Medicine, Hospital Clínic, Institut d'Investigacions Biomédiques August Pi i Sunyer, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain. K. Esposito, D. Giugliano, and M. Ida Maiorino are with the Division of Endocrinology and Metabolic Diseases, Second University of Naples Diabetes Unit, Second University of Naples, Naples, Italy. M. Garaulet is with the Chronobiology Laboratory, Department of Physiology, University of Murcia and Research Biomedical Institute of Murcia, Murcia, Spain. G. Kolovou is with the 1st Cardiology Department, Onassis Cardiac Surgery Center, Athens, Greece. A. Muñoz-Garach and F.J. Tinahones are with the Servicio de Endocrinologia y Nutricion, Hospital Clinico Virgen de la Victoria, Malaga, Spain. D. Nikolic and M. Rizzo are with the Biomedical Department of Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy. J.M. Ordovás is with the Jean Mayer US Department of Agriculture Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, United States. J.M. Ordovás is with the Department of Epidemiology, National Center of Cardiovascular Investigations, Madrid, Spain; and the Madrid Institute of Advanced Studies-Food, Madrid, Spain. H. Schröder is with the CIBER de Epidemiologia y Salud Pública, Madrid, Spain. R. de la Torre is with the Human Pharmacology and Clinical Neurosciences Research Group, Hospital del Mar Research Institute, Barcelona, Spain. B. van Ommen and S. Wopereis are with the Toegepast Natuurwetenschappelijk Onderzoek, Zeist, The Netherlands. E. Ros is with the Lipid Clinic, Endocrinology and Nutrition Service, Institut d'Investigacions Biomédiques August Pi i Sunyer, Hospital Clínic, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Andrés Díaz-López
- P. Pérez-Martínez, J. Delgado-Lista, A. García-Ríos, F. Pérez-Jiménez, and J. López-Miranda are with the Lipid and Atherosclerosis Unit, IMIBIC/Reina Sofia University Hospital/University of Cordoba, Cordoba, Spain. P. Pérez-Martínez, M. Bullo, M.I. Covas, J. Delgado-Lista, A. Díaz-López, R. Estruch, M. Fitó, A. García-Ríos, G. Mena-Sánchez, A. Muñoz-Garach, F. Pérez-Jiménez, J. Salas-Salvadó, F.J. Tinahones, R. de la Torre, E. Ros, and J. López-Miranda are with the CIBER Fisiopatologia Obesidad y Nutricion (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain. D.P. Mikhailidis is with the Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Royal Free Hospital Campus, University College London Medical School, University College London, London, United Kingdom. V.G. Athyros and N. Katsiki are with the Second Propedeutic Department of Internal Medicine, Medical School, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Hippokration Hospital, Thessaloniki, Greece. M. Bullo, A. Díaz-López, G. Mena-Sánchez, and J. Salas-Salvadó are with the Human Nutrition Unit, Biochemistry Biotechnology Department, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Hospital Universitari de Sant Joan de Reus, IISPV, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Reus, Spain. P. Couture and B. Lamarche are with the Institute on Nutrition and Functional Foods, Laval University, Quebec, Canada. M.I. Covas, M. Fitó, and H. Schröder are with the Cardiovascular Risk and Nutrition Research Group, Hospital del Mar Research Institute, Barcelona, Spain. M.I. Covas is with the NUPROAS (Nutritional Project Assessment) Handesbolag, Nacka?, Sweden. L. de Koning is with the the Department of Pathology and Department of Laboratory Medicine, Pediatrics, and Community Health Sciences, University of Calgary, Alberta, Canada. C.A. Drevon is with the Department of Nutrition, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway. R. Estruch is with the Department of Internal Medicine, Hospital Clínic, Institut d'Investigacions Biomédiques August Pi i Sunyer, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain. K. Esposito, D. Giugliano, and M. Ida Maiorino are with the Division of Endocrinology and Metabolic Diseases, Second University of Naples Diabetes Unit, Second University of Naples, Naples, Italy. M. Garaulet is with the Chronobiology Laboratory, Department of Physiology, University of Murcia and Research Biomedical Institute of Murcia, Murcia, Spain. G. Kolovou is with the 1st Cardiology Department, Onassis Cardiac Surgery Center, Athens, Greece. A. Muñoz-Garach and F.J. Tinahones are with the Servicio de Endocrinologia y Nutricion, Hospital Clinico Virgen de la Victoria, Malaga, Spain. D. Nikolic and M. Rizzo are with the Biomedical Department of Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy. J.M. Ordovás is with the Jean Mayer US Department of Agriculture Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, United States. J.M. Ordovás is with the Department of Epidemiology, National Center of Cardiovascular Investigations, Madrid, Spain; and the Madrid Institute of Advanced Studies-Food, Madrid, Spain. H. Schröder is with the CIBER de Epidemiologia y Salud Pública, Madrid, Spain. R. de la Torre is with the Human Pharmacology and Clinical Neurosciences Research Group, Hospital del Mar Research Institute, Barcelona, Spain. B. van Ommen and S. Wopereis are with the Toegepast Natuurwetenschappelijk Onderzoek, Zeist, The Netherlands. E. Ros is with the Lipid Clinic, Endocrinology and Nutrition Service, Institut d'Investigacions Biomédiques August Pi i Sunyer, Hospital Clínic, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Christian A Drevon
- P. Pérez-Martínez, J. Delgado-Lista, A. García-Ríos, F. Pérez-Jiménez, and J. López-Miranda are with the Lipid and Atherosclerosis Unit, IMIBIC/Reina Sofia University Hospital/University of Cordoba, Cordoba, Spain. P. Pérez-Martínez, M. Bullo, M.I. Covas, J. Delgado-Lista, A. Díaz-López, R. Estruch, M. Fitó, A. García-Ríos, G. Mena-Sánchez, A. Muñoz-Garach, F. Pérez-Jiménez, J. Salas-Salvadó, F.J. Tinahones, R. de la Torre, E. Ros, and J. López-Miranda are with the CIBER Fisiopatologia Obesidad y Nutricion (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain. D.P. Mikhailidis is with the Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Royal Free Hospital Campus, University College London Medical School, University College London, London, United Kingdom. V.G. Athyros and N. Katsiki are with the Second Propedeutic Department of Internal Medicine, Medical School, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Hippokration Hospital, Thessaloniki, Greece. M. Bullo, A. Díaz-López, G. Mena-Sánchez, and J. Salas-Salvadó are with the Human Nutrition Unit, Biochemistry Biotechnology Department, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Hospital Universitari de Sant Joan de Reus, IISPV, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Reus, Spain. P. Couture and B. Lamarche are with the Institute on Nutrition and Functional Foods, Laval University, Quebec, Canada. M.I. Covas, M. Fitó, and H. Schröder are with the Cardiovascular Risk and Nutrition Research Group, Hospital del Mar Research Institute, Barcelona, Spain. M.I. Covas is with the NUPROAS (Nutritional Project Assessment) Handesbolag, Nacka?, Sweden. L. de Koning is with the the Department of Pathology and Department of Laboratory Medicine, Pediatrics, and Community Health Sciences, University of Calgary, Alberta, Canada. C.A. Drevon is with the Department of Nutrition, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway. R. Estruch is with the Department of Internal Medicine, Hospital Clínic, Institut d'Investigacions Biomédiques August Pi i Sunyer, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain. K. Esposito, D. Giugliano, and M. Ida Maiorino are with the Division of Endocrinology and Metabolic Diseases, Second University of Naples Diabetes Unit, Second University of Naples, Naples, Italy. M. Garaulet is with the Chronobiology Laboratory, Department of Physiology, University of Murcia and Research Biomedical Institute of Murcia, Murcia, Spain. G. Kolovou is with the 1st Cardiology Department, Onassis Cardiac Surgery Center, Athens, Greece. A. Muñoz-Garach and F.J. Tinahones are with the Servicio de Endocrinologia y Nutricion, Hospital Clinico Virgen de la Victoria, Malaga, Spain. D. Nikolic and M. Rizzo are with the Biomedical Department of Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy. J.M. Ordovás is with the Jean Mayer US Department of Agriculture Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, United States. J.M. Ordovás is with the Department of Epidemiology, National Center of Cardiovascular Investigations, Madrid, Spain; and the Madrid Institute of Advanced Studies-Food, Madrid, Spain. H. Schröder is with the CIBER de Epidemiologia y Salud Pública, Madrid, Spain. R. de la Torre is with the Human Pharmacology and Clinical Neurosciences Research Group, Hospital del Mar Research Institute, Barcelona, Spain. B. van Ommen and S. Wopereis are with the Toegepast Natuurwetenschappelijk Onderzoek, Zeist, The Netherlands. E. Ros is with the Lipid Clinic, Endocrinology and Nutrition Service, Institut d'Investigacions Biomédiques August Pi i Sunyer, Hospital Clínic, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Ramón Estruch
- P. Pérez-Martínez, J. Delgado-Lista, A. García-Ríos, F. Pérez-Jiménez, and J. López-Miranda are with the Lipid and Atherosclerosis Unit, IMIBIC/Reina Sofia University Hospital/University of Cordoba, Cordoba, Spain. P. Pérez-Martínez, M. Bullo, M.I. Covas, J. Delgado-Lista, A. Díaz-López, R. Estruch, M. Fitó, A. García-Ríos, G. Mena-Sánchez, A. Muñoz-Garach, F. Pérez-Jiménez, J. Salas-Salvadó, F.J. Tinahones, R. de la Torre, E. Ros, and J. López-Miranda are with the CIBER Fisiopatologia Obesidad y Nutricion (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain. D.P. Mikhailidis is with the Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Royal Free Hospital Campus, University College London Medical School, University College London, London, United Kingdom. V.G. Athyros and N. Katsiki are with the Second Propedeutic Department of Internal Medicine, Medical School, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Hippokration Hospital, Thessaloniki, Greece. M. Bullo, A. Díaz-López, G. Mena-Sánchez, and J. Salas-Salvadó are with the Human Nutrition Unit, Biochemistry Biotechnology Department, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Hospital Universitari de Sant Joan de Reus, IISPV, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Reus, Spain. P. Couture and B. Lamarche are with the Institute on Nutrition and Functional Foods, Laval University, Quebec, Canada. M.I. Covas, M. Fitó, and H. Schröder are with the Cardiovascular Risk and Nutrition Research Group, Hospital del Mar Research Institute, Barcelona, Spain. M.I. Covas is with the NUPROAS (Nutritional Project Assessment) Handesbolag, Nacka?, Sweden. L. de Koning is with the the Department of Pathology and Department of Laboratory Medicine, Pediatrics, and Community Health Sciences, University of Calgary, Alberta, Canada. C.A. Drevon is with the Department of Nutrition, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway. R. Estruch is with the Department of Internal Medicine, Hospital Clínic, Institut d'Investigacions Biomédiques August Pi i Sunyer, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain. K. Esposito, D. Giugliano, and M. Ida Maiorino are with the Division of Endocrinology and Metabolic Diseases, Second University of Naples Diabetes Unit, Second University of Naples, Naples, Italy. M. Garaulet is with the Chronobiology Laboratory, Department of Physiology, University of Murcia and Research Biomedical Institute of Murcia, Murcia, Spain. G. Kolovou is with the 1st Cardiology Department, Onassis Cardiac Surgery Center, Athens, Greece. A. Muñoz-Garach and F.J. Tinahones are with the Servicio de Endocrinologia y Nutricion, Hospital Clinico Virgen de la Victoria, Malaga, Spain. D. Nikolic and M. Rizzo are with the Biomedical Department of Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy. J.M. Ordovás is with the Jean Mayer US Department of Agriculture Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, United States. J.M. Ordovás is with the Department of Epidemiology, National Center of Cardiovascular Investigations, Madrid, Spain; and the Madrid Institute of Advanced Studies-Food, Madrid, Spain. H. Schröder is with the CIBER de Epidemiologia y Salud Pública, Madrid, Spain. R. de la Torre is with the Human Pharmacology and Clinical Neurosciences Research Group, Hospital del Mar Research Institute, Barcelona, Spain. B. van Ommen and S. Wopereis are with the Toegepast Natuurwetenschappelijk Onderzoek, Zeist, The Netherlands. E. Ros is with the Lipid Clinic, Endocrinology and Nutrition Service, Institut d'Investigacions Biomédiques August Pi i Sunyer, Hospital Clínic, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Katherine Esposito
- P. Pérez-Martínez, J. Delgado-Lista, A. García-Ríos, F. Pérez-Jiménez, and J. López-Miranda are with the Lipid and Atherosclerosis Unit, IMIBIC/Reina Sofia University Hospital/University of Cordoba, Cordoba, Spain. P. Pérez-Martínez, M. Bullo, M.I. Covas, J. Delgado-Lista, A. Díaz-López, R. Estruch, M. Fitó, A. García-Ríos, G. Mena-Sánchez, A. Muñoz-Garach, F. Pérez-Jiménez, J. Salas-Salvadó, F.J. Tinahones, R. de la Torre, E. Ros, and J. López-Miranda are with the CIBER Fisiopatologia Obesidad y Nutricion (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain. D.P. Mikhailidis is with the Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Royal Free Hospital Campus, University College London Medical School, University College London, London, United Kingdom. V.G. Athyros and N. Katsiki are with the Second Propedeutic Department of Internal Medicine, Medical School, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Hippokration Hospital, Thessaloniki, Greece. M. Bullo, A. Díaz-López, G. Mena-Sánchez, and J. Salas-Salvadó are with the Human Nutrition Unit, Biochemistry Biotechnology Department, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Hospital Universitari de Sant Joan de Reus, IISPV, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Reus, Spain. P. Couture and B. Lamarche are with the Institute on Nutrition and Functional Foods, Laval University, Quebec, Canada. M.I. Covas, M. Fitó, and H. Schröder are with the Cardiovascular Risk and Nutrition Research Group, Hospital del Mar Research Institute, Barcelona, Spain. M.I. Covas is with the NUPROAS (Nutritional Project Assessment) Handesbolag, Nacka?, Sweden. L. de Koning is with the the Department of Pathology and Department of Laboratory Medicine, Pediatrics, and Community Health Sciences, University of Calgary, Alberta, Canada. C.A. Drevon is with the Department of Nutrition, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway. R. Estruch is with the Department of Internal Medicine, Hospital Clínic, Institut d'Investigacions Biomédiques August Pi i Sunyer, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain. K. Esposito, D. Giugliano, and M. Ida Maiorino are with the Division of Endocrinology and Metabolic Diseases, Second University of Naples Diabetes Unit, Second University of Naples, Naples, Italy. M. Garaulet is with the Chronobiology Laboratory, Department of Physiology, University of Murcia and Research Biomedical Institute of Murcia, Murcia, Spain. G. Kolovou is with the 1st Cardiology Department, Onassis Cardiac Surgery Center, Athens, Greece. A. Muñoz-Garach and F.J. Tinahones are with the Servicio de Endocrinologia y Nutricion, Hospital Clinico Virgen de la Victoria, Malaga, Spain. D. Nikolic and M. Rizzo are with the Biomedical Department of Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy. J.M. Ordovás is with the Jean Mayer US Department of Agriculture Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, United States. J.M. Ordovás is with the Department of Epidemiology, National Center of Cardiovascular Investigations, Madrid, Spain; and the Madrid Institute of Advanced Studies-Food, Madrid, Spain. H. Schröder is with the CIBER de Epidemiologia y Salud Pública, Madrid, Spain. R. de la Torre is with the Human Pharmacology and Clinical Neurosciences Research Group, Hospital del Mar Research Institute, Barcelona, Spain. B. van Ommen and S. Wopereis are with the Toegepast Natuurwetenschappelijk Onderzoek, Zeist, The Netherlands. E. Ros is with the Lipid Clinic, Endocrinology and Nutrition Service, Institut d'Investigacions Biomédiques August Pi i Sunyer, Hospital Clínic, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Montserrat Fitó
- P. Pérez-Martínez, J. Delgado-Lista, A. García-Ríos, F. Pérez-Jiménez, and J. López-Miranda are with the Lipid and Atherosclerosis Unit, IMIBIC/Reina Sofia University Hospital/University of Cordoba, Cordoba, Spain. P. Pérez-Martínez, M. Bullo, M.I. Covas, J. Delgado-Lista, A. Díaz-López, R. Estruch, M. Fitó, A. García-Ríos, G. Mena-Sánchez, A. Muñoz-Garach, F. Pérez-Jiménez, J. Salas-Salvadó, F.J. Tinahones, R. de la Torre, E. Ros, and J. López-Miranda are with the CIBER Fisiopatologia Obesidad y Nutricion (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain. D.P. Mikhailidis is with the Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Royal Free Hospital Campus, University College London Medical School, University College London, London, United Kingdom. V.G. Athyros and N. Katsiki are with the Second Propedeutic Department of Internal Medicine, Medical School, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Hippokration Hospital, Thessaloniki, Greece. M. Bullo, A. Díaz-López, G. Mena-Sánchez, and J. Salas-Salvadó are with the Human Nutrition Unit, Biochemistry Biotechnology Department, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Hospital Universitari de Sant Joan de Reus, IISPV, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Reus, Spain. P. Couture and B. Lamarche are with the Institute on Nutrition and Functional Foods, Laval University, Quebec, Canada. M.I. Covas, M. Fitó, and H. Schröder are with the Cardiovascular Risk and Nutrition Research Group, Hospital del Mar Research Institute, Barcelona, Spain. M.I. Covas is with the NUPROAS (Nutritional Project Assessment) Handesbolag, Nacka?, Sweden. L. de Koning is with the the Department of Pathology and Department of Laboratory Medicine, Pediatrics, and Community Health Sciences, University of Calgary, Alberta, Canada. C.A. Drevon is with the Department of Nutrition, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway. R. Estruch is with the Department of Internal Medicine, Hospital Clínic, Institut d'Investigacions Biomédiques August Pi i Sunyer, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain. K. Esposito, D. Giugliano, and M. Ida Maiorino are with the Division of Endocrinology and Metabolic Diseases, Second University of Naples Diabetes Unit, Second University of Naples, Naples, Italy. M. Garaulet is with the Chronobiology Laboratory, Department of Physiology, University of Murcia and Research Biomedical Institute of Murcia, Murcia, Spain. G. Kolovou is with the 1st Cardiology Department, Onassis Cardiac Surgery Center, Athens, Greece. A. Muñoz-Garach and F.J. Tinahones are with the Servicio de Endocrinologia y Nutricion, Hospital Clinico Virgen de la Victoria, Malaga, Spain. D. Nikolic and M. Rizzo are with the Biomedical Department of Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy. J.M. Ordovás is with the Jean Mayer US Department of Agriculture Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, United States. J.M. Ordovás is with the Department of Epidemiology, National Center of Cardiovascular Investigations, Madrid, Spain; and the Madrid Institute of Advanced Studies-Food, Madrid, Spain. H. Schröder is with the CIBER de Epidemiologia y Salud Pública, Madrid, Spain. R. de la Torre is with the Human Pharmacology and Clinical Neurosciences Research Group, Hospital del Mar Research Institute, Barcelona, Spain. B. van Ommen and S. Wopereis are with the Toegepast Natuurwetenschappelijk Onderzoek, Zeist, The Netherlands. E. Ros is with the Lipid Clinic, Endocrinology and Nutrition Service, Institut d'Investigacions Biomédiques August Pi i Sunyer, Hospital Clínic, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Marta Garaulet
- P. Pérez-Martínez, J. Delgado-Lista, A. García-Ríos, F. Pérez-Jiménez, and J. López-Miranda are with the Lipid and Atherosclerosis Unit, IMIBIC/Reina Sofia University Hospital/University of Cordoba, Cordoba, Spain. P. Pérez-Martínez, M. Bullo, M.I. Covas, J. Delgado-Lista, A. Díaz-López, R. Estruch, M. Fitó, A. García-Ríos, G. Mena-Sánchez, A. Muñoz-Garach, F. Pérez-Jiménez, J. Salas-Salvadó, F.J. Tinahones, R. de la Torre, E. Ros, and J. López-Miranda are with the CIBER Fisiopatologia Obesidad y Nutricion (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain. D.P. Mikhailidis is with the Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Royal Free Hospital Campus, University College London Medical School, University College London, London, United Kingdom. V.G. Athyros and N. Katsiki are with the Second Propedeutic Department of Internal Medicine, Medical School, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Hippokration Hospital, Thessaloniki, Greece. M. Bullo, A. Díaz-López, G. Mena-Sánchez, and J. Salas-Salvadó are with the Human Nutrition Unit, Biochemistry Biotechnology Department, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Hospital Universitari de Sant Joan de Reus, IISPV, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Reus, Spain. P. Couture and B. Lamarche are with the Institute on Nutrition and Functional Foods, Laval University, Quebec, Canada. M.I. Covas, M. Fitó, and H. Schröder are with the Cardiovascular Risk and Nutrition Research Group, Hospital del Mar Research Institute, Barcelona, Spain. M.I. Covas is with the NUPROAS (Nutritional Project Assessment) Handesbolag, Nacka?, Sweden. L. de Koning is with the the Department of Pathology and Department of Laboratory Medicine, Pediatrics, and Community Health Sciences, University of Calgary, Alberta, Canada. C.A. Drevon is with the Department of Nutrition, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway. R. Estruch is with the Department of Internal Medicine, Hospital Clínic, Institut d'Investigacions Biomédiques August Pi i Sunyer, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain. K. Esposito, D. Giugliano, and M. Ida Maiorino are with the Division of Endocrinology and Metabolic Diseases, Second University of Naples Diabetes Unit, Second University of Naples, Naples, Italy. M. Garaulet is with the Chronobiology Laboratory, Department of Physiology, University of Murcia and Research Biomedical Institute of Murcia, Murcia, Spain. G. Kolovou is with the 1st Cardiology Department, Onassis Cardiac Surgery Center, Athens, Greece. A. Muñoz-Garach and F.J. Tinahones are with the Servicio de Endocrinologia y Nutricion, Hospital Clinico Virgen de la Victoria, Malaga, Spain. D. Nikolic and M. Rizzo are with the Biomedical Department of Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy. J.M. Ordovás is with the Jean Mayer US Department of Agriculture Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, United States. J.M. Ordovás is with the Department of Epidemiology, National Center of Cardiovascular Investigations, Madrid, Spain; and the Madrid Institute of Advanced Studies-Food, Madrid, Spain. H. Schröder is with the CIBER de Epidemiologia y Salud Pública, Madrid, Spain. R. de la Torre is with the Human Pharmacology and Clinical Neurosciences Research Group, Hospital del Mar Research Institute, Barcelona, Spain. B. van Ommen and S. Wopereis are with the Toegepast Natuurwetenschappelijk Onderzoek, Zeist, The Netherlands. E. Ros is with the Lipid Clinic, Endocrinology and Nutrition Service, Institut d'Investigacions Biomédiques August Pi i Sunyer, Hospital Clínic, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Dario Giugliano
- P. Pérez-Martínez, J. Delgado-Lista, A. García-Ríos, F. Pérez-Jiménez, and J. López-Miranda are with the Lipid and Atherosclerosis Unit, IMIBIC/Reina Sofia University Hospital/University of Cordoba, Cordoba, Spain. P. Pérez-Martínez, M. Bullo, M.I. Covas, J. Delgado-Lista, A. Díaz-López, R. Estruch, M. Fitó, A. García-Ríos, G. Mena-Sánchez, A. Muñoz-Garach, F. Pérez-Jiménez, J. Salas-Salvadó, F.J. Tinahones, R. de la Torre, E. Ros, and J. López-Miranda are with the CIBER Fisiopatologia Obesidad y Nutricion (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain. D.P. Mikhailidis is with the Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Royal Free Hospital Campus, University College London Medical School, University College London, London, United Kingdom. V.G. Athyros and N. Katsiki are with the Second Propedeutic Department of Internal Medicine, Medical School, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Hippokration Hospital, Thessaloniki, Greece. M. Bullo, A. Díaz-López, G. Mena-Sánchez, and J. Salas-Salvadó are with the Human Nutrition Unit, Biochemistry Biotechnology Department, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Hospital Universitari de Sant Joan de Reus, IISPV, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Reus, Spain. P. Couture and B. Lamarche are with the Institute on Nutrition and Functional Foods, Laval University, Quebec, Canada. M.I. Covas, M. Fitó, and H. Schröder are with the Cardiovascular Risk and Nutrition Research Group, Hospital del Mar Research Institute, Barcelona, Spain. M.I. Covas is with the NUPROAS (Nutritional Project Assessment) Handesbolag, Nacka?, Sweden. L. de Koning is with the the Department of Pathology and Department of Laboratory Medicine, Pediatrics, and Community Health Sciences, University of Calgary, Alberta, Canada. C.A. Drevon is with the Department of Nutrition, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway. R. Estruch is with the Department of Internal Medicine, Hospital Clínic, Institut d'Investigacions Biomédiques August Pi i Sunyer, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain. K. Esposito, D. Giugliano, and M. Ida Maiorino are with the Division of Endocrinology and Metabolic Diseases, Second University of Naples Diabetes Unit, Second University of Naples, Naples, Italy. M. Garaulet is with the Chronobiology Laboratory, Department of Physiology, University of Murcia and Research Biomedical Institute of Murcia, Murcia, Spain. G. Kolovou is with the 1st Cardiology Department, Onassis Cardiac Surgery Center, Athens, Greece. A. Muñoz-Garach and F.J. Tinahones are with the Servicio de Endocrinologia y Nutricion, Hospital Clinico Virgen de la Victoria, Malaga, Spain. D. Nikolic and M. Rizzo are with the Biomedical Department of Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy. J.M. Ordovás is with the Jean Mayer US Department of Agriculture Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, United States. J.M. Ordovás is with the Department of Epidemiology, National Center of Cardiovascular Investigations, Madrid, Spain; and the Madrid Institute of Advanced Studies-Food, Madrid, Spain. H. Schröder is with the CIBER de Epidemiologia y Salud Pública, Madrid, Spain. R. de la Torre is with the Human Pharmacology and Clinical Neurosciences Research Group, Hospital del Mar Research Institute, Barcelona, Spain. B. van Ommen and S. Wopereis are with the Toegepast Natuurwetenschappelijk Onderzoek, Zeist, The Netherlands. E. Ros is with the Lipid Clinic, Endocrinology and Nutrition Service, Institut d'Investigacions Biomédiques August Pi i Sunyer, Hospital Clínic, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Antonio García-Ríos
- P. Pérez-Martínez, J. Delgado-Lista, A. García-Ríos, F. Pérez-Jiménez, and J. López-Miranda are with the Lipid and Atherosclerosis Unit, IMIBIC/Reina Sofia University Hospital/University of Cordoba, Cordoba, Spain. P. Pérez-Martínez, M. Bullo, M.I. Covas, J. Delgado-Lista, A. Díaz-López, R. Estruch, M. Fitó, A. García-Ríos, G. Mena-Sánchez, A. Muñoz-Garach, F. Pérez-Jiménez, J. Salas-Salvadó, F.J. Tinahones, R. de la Torre, E. Ros, and J. López-Miranda are with the CIBER Fisiopatologia Obesidad y Nutricion (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain. D.P. Mikhailidis is with the Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Royal Free Hospital Campus, University College London Medical School, University College London, London, United Kingdom. V.G. Athyros and N. Katsiki are with the Second Propedeutic Department of Internal Medicine, Medical School, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Hippokration Hospital, Thessaloniki, Greece. M. Bullo, A. Díaz-López, G. Mena-Sánchez, and J. Salas-Salvadó are with the Human Nutrition Unit, Biochemistry Biotechnology Department, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Hospital Universitari de Sant Joan de Reus, IISPV, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Reus, Spain. P. Couture and B. Lamarche are with the Institute on Nutrition and Functional Foods, Laval University, Quebec, Canada. M.I. Covas, M. Fitó, and H. Schröder are with the Cardiovascular Risk and Nutrition Research Group, Hospital del Mar Research Institute, Barcelona, Spain. M.I. Covas is with the NUPROAS (Nutritional Project Assessment) Handesbolag, Nacka?, Sweden. L. de Koning is with the the Department of Pathology and Department of Laboratory Medicine, Pediatrics, and Community Health Sciences, University of Calgary, Alberta, Canada. C.A. Drevon is with the Department of Nutrition, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway. R. Estruch is with the Department of Internal Medicine, Hospital Clínic, Institut d'Investigacions Biomédiques August Pi i Sunyer, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain. K. Esposito, D. Giugliano, and M. Ida Maiorino are with the Division of Endocrinology and Metabolic Diseases, Second University of Naples Diabetes Unit, Second University of Naples, Naples, Italy. M. Garaulet is with the Chronobiology Laboratory, Department of Physiology, University of Murcia and Research Biomedical Institute of Murcia, Murcia, Spain. G. Kolovou is with the 1st Cardiology Department, Onassis Cardiac Surgery Center, Athens, Greece. A. Muñoz-Garach and F.J. Tinahones are with the Servicio de Endocrinologia y Nutricion, Hospital Clinico Virgen de la Victoria, Malaga, Spain. D. Nikolic and M. Rizzo are with the Biomedical Department of Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy. J.M. Ordovás is with the Jean Mayer US Department of Agriculture Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, United States. J.M. Ordovás is with the Department of Epidemiology, National Center of Cardiovascular Investigations, Madrid, Spain; and the Madrid Institute of Advanced Studies-Food, Madrid, Spain. H. Schröder is with the CIBER de Epidemiologia y Salud Pública, Madrid, Spain. R. de la Torre is with the Human Pharmacology and Clinical Neurosciences Research Group, Hospital del Mar Research Institute, Barcelona, Spain. B. van Ommen and S. Wopereis are with the Toegepast Natuurwetenschappelijk Onderzoek, Zeist, The Netherlands. E. Ros is with the Lipid Clinic, Endocrinology and Nutrition Service, Institut d'Investigacions Biomédiques August Pi i Sunyer, Hospital Clínic, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Niki Katsiki
- P. Pérez-Martínez, J. Delgado-Lista, A. García-Ríos, F. Pérez-Jiménez, and J. López-Miranda are with the Lipid and Atherosclerosis Unit, IMIBIC/Reina Sofia University Hospital/University of Cordoba, Cordoba, Spain. P. Pérez-Martínez, M. Bullo, M.I. Covas, J. Delgado-Lista, A. Díaz-López, R. Estruch, M. Fitó, A. García-Ríos, G. Mena-Sánchez, A. Muñoz-Garach, F. Pérez-Jiménez, J. Salas-Salvadó, F.J. Tinahones, R. de la Torre, E. Ros, and J. López-Miranda are with the CIBER Fisiopatologia Obesidad y Nutricion (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain. D.P. Mikhailidis is with the Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Royal Free Hospital Campus, University College London Medical School, University College London, London, United Kingdom. V.G. Athyros and N. Katsiki are with the Second Propedeutic Department of Internal Medicine, Medical School, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Hippokration Hospital, Thessaloniki, Greece. M. Bullo, A. Díaz-López, G. Mena-Sánchez, and J. Salas-Salvadó are with the Human Nutrition Unit, Biochemistry Biotechnology Department, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Hospital Universitari de Sant Joan de Reus, IISPV, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Reus, Spain. P. Couture and B. Lamarche are with the Institute on Nutrition and Functional Foods, Laval University, Quebec, Canada. M.I. Covas, M. Fitó, and H. Schröder are with the Cardiovascular Risk and Nutrition Research Group, Hospital del Mar Research Institute, Barcelona, Spain. M.I. Covas is with the NUPROAS (Nutritional Project Assessment) Handesbolag, Nacka?, Sweden. L. de Koning is with the the Department of Pathology and Department of Laboratory Medicine, Pediatrics, and Community Health Sciences, University of Calgary, Alberta, Canada. C.A. Drevon is with the Department of Nutrition, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway. R. Estruch is with the Department of Internal Medicine, Hospital Clínic, Institut d'Investigacions Biomédiques August Pi i Sunyer, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain. K. Esposito, D. Giugliano, and M. Ida Maiorino are with the Division of Endocrinology and Metabolic Diseases, Second University of Naples Diabetes Unit, Second University of Naples, Naples, Italy. M. Garaulet is with the Chronobiology Laboratory, Department of Physiology, University of Murcia and Research Biomedical Institute of Murcia, Murcia, Spain. G. Kolovou is with the 1st Cardiology Department, Onassis Cardiac Surgery Center, Athens, Greece. A. Muñoz-Garach and F.J. Tinahones are with the Servicio de Endocrinologia y Nutricion, Hospital Clinico Virgen de la Victoria, Malaga, Spain. D. Nikolic and M. Rizzo are with the Biomedical Department of Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy. J.M. Ordovás is with the Jean Mayer US Department of Agriculture Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, United States. J.M. Ordovás is with the Department of Epidemiology, National Center of Cardiovascular Investigations, Madrid, Spain; and the Madrid Institute of Advanced Studies-Food, Madrid, Spain. H. Schröder is with the CIBER de Epidemiologia y Salud Pública, Madrid, Spain. R. de la Torre is with the Human Pharmacology and Clinical Neurosciences Research Group, Hospital del Mar Research Institute, Barcelona, Spain. B. van Ommen and S. Wopereis are with the Toegepast Natuurwetenschappelijk Onderzoek, Zeist, The Netherlands. E. Ros is with the Lipid Clinic, Endocrinology and Nutrition Service, Institut d'Investigacions Biomédiques August Pi i Sunyer, Hospital Clínic, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Genovefa Kolovou
- P. Pérez-Martínez, J. Delgado-Lista, A. García-Ríos, F. Pérez-Jiménez, and J. López-Miranda are with the Lipid and Atherosclerosis Unit, IMIBIC/Reina Sofia University Hospital/University of Cordoba, Cordoba, Spain. P. Pérez-Martínez, M. Bullo, M.I. Covas, J. Delgado-Lista, A. Díaz-López, R. Estruch, M. Fitó, A. García-Ríos, G. Mena-Sánchez, A. Muñoz-Garach, F. Pérez-Jiménez, J. Salas-Salvadó, F.J. Tinahones, R. de la Torre, E. Ros, and J. López-Miranda are with the CIBER Fisiopatologia Obesidad y Nutricion (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain. D.P. Mikhailidis is with the Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Royal Free Hospital Campus, University College London Medical School, University College London, London, United Kingdom. V.G. Athyros and N. Katsiki are with the Second Propedeutic Department of Internal Medicine, Medical School, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Hippokration Hospital, Thessaloniki, Greece. M. Bullo, A. Díaz-López, G. Mena-Sánchez, and J. Salas-Salvadó are with the Human Nutrition Unit, Biochemistry Biotechnology Department, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Hospital Universitari de Sant Joan de Reus, IISPV, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Reus, Spain. P. Couture and B. Lamarche are with the Institute on Nutrition and Functional Foods, Laval University, Quebec, Canada. M.I. Covas, M. Fitó, and H. Schröder are with the Cardiovascular Risk and Nutrition Research Group, Hospital del Mar Research Institute, Barcelona, Spain. M.I. Covas is with the NUPROAS (Nutritional Project Assessment) Handesbolag, Nacka?, Sweden. L. de Koning is with the the Department of Pathology and Department of Laboratory Medicine, Pediatrics, and Community Health Sciences, University of Calgary, Alberta, Canada. C.A. Drevon is with the Department of Nutrition, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway. R. Estruch is with the Department of Internal Medicine, Hospital Clínic, Institut d'Investigacions Biomédiques August Pi i Sunyer, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain. K. Esposito, D. Giugliano, and M. Ida Maiorino are with the Division of Endocrinology and Metabolic Diseases, Second University of Naples Diabetes Unit, Second University of Naples, Naples, Italy. M. Garaulet is with the Chronobiology Laboratory, Department of Physiology, University of Murcia and Research Biomedical Institute of Murcia, Murcia, Spain. G. Kolovou is with the 1st Cardiology Department, Onassis Cardiac Surgery Center, Athens, Greece. A. Muñoz-Garach and F.J. Tinahones are with the Servicio de Endocrinologia y Nutricion, Hospital Clinico Virgen de la Victoria, Malaga, Spain. D. Nikolic and M. Rizzo are with the Biomedical Department of Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy. J.M. Ordovás is with the Jean Mayer US Department of Agriculture Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, United States. J.M. Ordovás is with the Department of Epidemiology, National Center of Cardiovascular Investigations, Madrid, Spain; and the Madrid Institute of Advanced Studies-Food, Madrid, Spain. H. Schröder is with the CIBER de Epidemiologia y Salud Pública, Madrid, Spain. R. de la Torre is with the Human Pharmacology and Clinical Neurosciences Research Group, Hospital del Mar Research Institute, Barcelona, Spain. B. van Ommen and S. Wopereis are with the Toegepast Natuurwetenschappelijk Onderzoek, Zeist, The Netherlands. E. Ros is with the Lipid Clinic, Endocrinology and Nutrition Service, Institut d'Investigacions Biomédiques August Pi i Sunyer, Hospital Clínic, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Benoît Lamarche
- P. Pérez-Martínez, J. Delgado-Lista, A. García-Ríos, F. Pérez-Jiménez, and J. López-Miranda are with the Lipid and Atherosclerosis Unit, IMIBIC/Reina Sofia University Hospital/University of Cordoba, Cordoba, Spain. P. Pérez-Martínez, M. Bullo, M.I. Covas, J. Delgado-Lista, A. Díaz-López, R. Estruch, M. Fitó, A. García-Ríos, G. Mena-Sánchez, A. Muñoz-Garach, F. Pérez-Jiménez, J. Salas-Salvadó, F.J. Tinahones, R. de la Torre, E. Ros, and J. López-Miranda are with the CIBER Fisiopatologia Obesidad y Nutricion (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain. D.P. Mikhailidis is with the Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Royal Free Hospital Campus, University College London Medical School, University College London, London, United Kingdom. V.G. Athyros and N. Katsiki are with the Second Propedeutic Department of Internal Medicine, Medical School, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Hippokration Hospital, Thessaloniki, Greece. M. Bullo, A. Díaz-López, G. Mena-Sánchez, and J. Salas-Salvadó are with the Human Nutrition Unit, Biochemistry Biotechnology Department, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Hospital Universitari de Sant Joan de Reus, IISPV, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Reus, Spain. P. Couture and B. Lamarche are with the Institute on Nutrition and Functional Foods, Laval University, Quebec, Canada. M.I. Covas, M. Fitó, and H. Schröder are with the Cardiovascular Risk and Nutrition Research Group, Hospital del Mar Research Institute, Barcelona, Spain. M.I. Covas is with the NUPROAS (Nutritional Project Assessment) Handesbolag, Nacka?, Sweden. L. de Koning is with the the Department of Pathology and Department of Laboratory Medicine, Pediatrics, and Community Health Sciences, University of Calgary, Alberta, Canada. C.A. Drevon is with the Department of Nutrition, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway. R. Estruch is with the Department of Internal Medicine, Hospital Clínic, Institut d'Investigacions Biomédiques August Pi i Sunyer, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain. K. Esposito, D. Giugliano, and M. Ida Maiorino are with the Division of Endocrinology and Metabolic Diseases, Second University of Naples Diabetes Unit, Second University of Naples, Naples, Italy. M. Garaulet is with the Chronobiology Laboratory, Department of Physiology, University of Murcia and Research Biomedical Institute of Murcia, Murcia, Spain. G. Kolovou is with the 1st Cardiology Department, Onassis Cardiac Surgery Center, Athens, Greece. A. Muñoz-Garach and F.J. Tinahones are with the Servicio de Endocrinologia y Nutricion, Hospital Clinico Virgen de la Victoria, Malaga, Spain. D. Nikolic and M. Rizzo are with the Biomedical Department of Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy. J.M. Ordovás is with the Jean Mayer US Department of Agriculture Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, United States. J.M. Ordovás is with the Department of Epidemiology, National Center of Cardiovascular Investigations, Madrid, Spain; and the Madrid Institute of Advanced Studies-Food, Madrid, Spain. H. Schröder is with the CIBER de Epidemiologia y Salud Pública, Madrid, Spain. R. de la Torre is with the Human Pharmacology and Clinical Neurosciences Research Group, Hospital del Mar Research Institute, Barcelona, Spain. B. van Ommen and S. Wopereis are with the Toegepast Natuurwetenschappelijk Onderzoek, Zeist, The Netherlands. E. Ros is with the Lipid Clinic, Endocrinology and Nutrition Service, Institut d'Investigacions Biomédiques August Pi i Sunyer, Hospital Clínic, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Maria Ida Maiorino
- P. Pérez-Martínez, J. Delgado-Lista, A. García-Ríos, F. Pérez-Jiménez, and J. López-Miranda are with the Lipid and Atherosclerosis Unit, IMIBIC/Reina Sofia University Hospital/University of Cordoba, Cordoba, Spain. P. Pérez-Martínez, M. Bullo, M.I. Covas, J. Delgado-Lista, A. Díaz-López, R. Estruch, M. Fitó, A. García-Ríos, G. Mena-Sánchez, A. Muñoz-Garach, F. Pérez-Jiménez, J. Salas-Salvadó, F.J. Tinahones, R. de la Torre, E. Ros, and J. López-Miranda are with the CIBER Fisiopatologia Obesidad y Nutricion (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain. D.P. Mikhailidis is with the Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Royal Free Hospital Campus, University College London Medical School, University College London, London, United Kingdom. V.G. Athyros and N. Katsiki are with the Second Propedeutic Department of Internal Medicine, Medical School, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Hippokration Hospital, Thessaloniki, Greece. M. Bullo, A. Díaz-López, G. Mena-Sánchez, and J. Salas-Salvadó are with the Human Nutrition Unit, Biochemistry Biotechnology Department, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Hospital Universitari de Sant Joan de Reus, IISPV, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Reus, Spain. P. Couture and B. Lamarche are with the Institute on Nutrition and Functional Foods, Laval University, Quebec, Canada. M.I. Covas, M. Fitó, and H. Schröder are with the Cardiovascular Risk and Nutrition Research Group, Hospital del Mar Research Institute, Barcelona, Spain. M.I. Covas is with the NUPROAS (Nutritional Project Assessment) Handesbolag, Nacka?, Sweden. L. de Koning is with the the Department of Pathology and Department of Laboratory Medicine, Pediatrics, and Community Health Sciences, University of Calgary, Alberta, Canada. C.A. Drevon is with the Department of Nutrition, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway. R. Estruch is with the Department of Internal Medicine, Hospital Clínic, Institut d'Investigacions Biomédiques August Pi i Sunyer, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain. K. Esposito, D. Giugliano, and M. Ida Maiorino are with the Division of Endocrinology and Metabolic Diseases, Second University of Naples Diabetes Unit, Second University of Naples, Naples, Italy. M. Garaulet is with the Chronobiology Laboratory, Department of Physiology, University of Murcia and Research Biomedical Institute of Murcia, Murcia, Spain. G. Kolovou is with the 1st Cardiology Department, Onassis Cardiac Surgery Center, Athens, Greece. A. Muñoz-Garach and F.J. Tinahones are with the Servicio de Endocrinologia y Nutricion, Hospital Clinico Virgen de la Victoria, Malaga, Spain. D. Nikolic and M. Rizzo are with the Biomedical Department of Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy. J.M. Ordovás is with the Jean Mayer US Department of Agriculture Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, United States. J.M. Ordovás is with the Department of Epidemiology, National Center of Cardiovascular Investigations, Madrid, Spain; and the Madrid Institute of Advanced Studies-Food, Madrid, Spain. H. Schröder is with the CIBER de Epidemiologia y Salud Pública, Madrid, Spain. R. de la Torre is with the Human Pharmacology and Clinical Neurosciences Research Group, Hospital del Mar Research Institute, Barcelona, Spain. B. van Ommen and S. Wopereis are with the Toegepast Natuurwetenschappelijk Onderzoek, Zeist, The Netherlands. E. Ros is with the Lipid Clinic, Endocrinology and Nutrition Service, Institut d'Investigacions Biomédiques August Pi i Sunyer, Hospital Clínic, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Guillermo Mena-Sánchez
- P. Pérez-Martínez, J. Delgado-Lista, A. García-Ríos, F. Pérez-Jiménez, and J. López-Miranda are with the Lipid and Atherosclerosis Unit, IMIBIC/Reina Sofia University Hospital/University of Cordoba, Cordoba, Spain. P. Pérez-Martínez, M. Bullo, M.I. Covas, J. Delgado-Lista, A. Díaz-López, R. Estruch, M. Fitó, A. García-Ríos, G. Mena-Sánchez, A. Muñoz-Garach, F. Pérez-Jiménez, J. Salas-Salvadó, F.J. Tinahones, R. de la Torre, E. Ros, and J. López-Miranda are with the CIBER Fisiopatologia Obesidad y Nutricion (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain. D.P. Mikhailidis is with the Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Royal Free Hospital Campus, University College London Medical School, University College London, London, United Kingdom. V.G. Athyros and N. Katsiki are with the Second Propedeutic Department of Internal Medicine, Medical School, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Hippokration Hospital, Thessaloniki, Greece. M. Bullo, A. Díaz-López, G. Mena-Sánchez, and J. Salas-Salvadó are with the Human Nutrition Unit, Biochemistry Biotechnology Department, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Hospital Universitari de Sant Joan de Reus, IISPV, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Reus, Spain. P. Couture and B. Lamarche are with the Institute on Nutrition and Functional Foods, Laval University, Quebec, Canada. M.I. Covas, M. Fitó, and H. Schröder are with the Cardiovascular Risk and Nutrition Research Group, Hospital del Mar Research Institute, Barcelona, Spain. M.I. Covas is with the NUPROAS (Nutritional Project Assessment) Handesbolag, Nacka?, Sweden. L. de Koning is with the the Department of Pathology and Department of Laboratory Medicine, Pediatrics, and Community Health Sciences, University of Calgary, Alberta, Canada. C.A. Drevon is with the Department of Nutrition, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway. R. Estruch is with the Department of Internal Medicine, Hospital Clínic, Institut d'Investigacions Biomédiques August Pi i Sunyer, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain. K. Esposito, D. Giugliano, and M. Ida Maiorino are with the Division of Endocrinology and Metabolic Diseases, Second University of Naples Diabetes Unit, Second University of Naples, Naples, Italy. M. Garaulet is with the Chronobiology Laboratory, Department of Physiology, University of Murcia and Research Biomedical Institute of Murcia, Murcia, Spain. G. Kolovou is with the 1st Cardiology Department, Onassis Cardiac Surgery Center, Athens, Greece. A. Muñoz-Garach and F.J. Tinahones are with the Servicio de Endocrinologia y Nutricion, Hospital Clinico Virgen de la Victoria, Malaga, Spain. D. Nikolic and M. Rizzo are with the Biomedical Department of Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy. J.M. Ordovás is with the Jean Mayer US Department of Agriculture Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, United States. J.M. Ordovás is with the Department of Epidemiology, National Center of Cardiovascular Investigations, Madrid, Spain; and the Madrid Institute of Advanced Studies-Food, Madrid, Spain. H. Schröder is with the CIBER de Epidemiologia y Salud Pública, Madrid, Spain. R. de la Torre is with the Human Pharmacology and Clinical Neurosciences Research Group, Hospital del Mar Research Institute, Barcelona, Spain. B. van Ommen and S. Wopereis are with the Toegepast Natuurwetenschappelijk Onderzoek, Zeist, The Netherlands. E. Ros is with the Lipid Clinic, Endocrinology and Nutrition Service, Institut d'Investigacions Biomédiques August Pi i Sunyer, Hospital Clínic, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Araceli Muñoz-Garach
- P. Pérez-Martínez, J. Delgado-Lista, A. García-Ríos, F. Pérez-Jiménez, and J. López-Miranda are with the Lipid and Atherosclerosis Unit, IMIBIC/Reina Sofia University Hospital/University of Cordoba, Cordoba, Spain. P. Pérez-Martínez, M. Bullo, M.I. Covas, J. Delgado-Lista, A. Díaz-López, R. Estruch, M. Fitó, A. García-Ríos, G. Mena-Sánchez, A. Muñoz-Garach, F. Pérez-Jiménez, J. Salas-Salvadó, F.J. Tinahones, R. de la Torre, E. Ros, and J. López-Miranda are with the CIBER Fisiopatologia Obesidad y Nutricion (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain. D.P. Mikhailidis is with the Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Royal Free Hospital Campus, University College London Medical School, University College London, London, United Kingdom. V.G. Athyros and N. Katsiki are with the Second Propedeutic Department of Internal Medicine, Medical School, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Hippokration Hospital, Thessaloniki, Greece. M. Bullo, A. Díaz-López, G. Mena-Sánchez, and J. Salas-Salvadó are with the Human Nutrition Unit, Biochemistry Biotechnology Department, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Hospital Universitari de Sant Joan de Reus, IISPV, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Reus, Spain. P. Couture and B. Lamarche are with the Institute on Nutrition and Functional Foods, Laval University, Quebec, Canada. M.I. Covas, M. Fitó, and H. Schröder are with the Cardiovascular Risk and Nutrition Research Group, Hospital del Mar Research Institute, Barcelona, Spain. M.I. Covas is with the NUPROAS (Nutritional Project Assessment) Handesbolag, Nacka?, Sweden. L. de Koning is with the the Department of Pathology and Department of Laboratory Medicine, Pediatrics, and Community Health Sciences, University of Calgary, Alberta, Canada. C.A. Drevon is with the Department of Nutrition, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway. R. Estruch is with the Department of Internal Medicine, Hospital Clínic, Institut d'Investigacions Biomédiques August Pi i Sunyer, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain. K. Esposito, D. Giugliano, and M. Ida Maiorino are with the Division of Endocrinology and Metabolic Diseases, Second University of Naples Diabetes Unit, Second University of Naples, Naples, Italy. M. Garaulet is with the Chronobiology Laboratory, Department of Physiology, University of Murcia and Research Biomedical Institute of Murcia, Murcia, Spain. G. Kolovou is with the 1st Cardiology Department, Onassis Cardiac Surgery Center, Athens, Greece. A. Muñoz-Garach and F.J. Tinahones are with the Servicio de Endocrinologia y Nutricion, Hospital Clinico Virgen de la Victoria, Malaga, Spain. D. Nikolic and M. Rizzo are with the Biomedical Department of Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy. J.M. Ordovás is with the Jean Mayer US Department of Agriculture Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, United States. J.M. Ordovás is with the Department of Epidemiology, National Center of Cardiovascular Investigations, Madrid, Spain; and the Madrid Institute of Advanced Studies-Food, Madrid, Spain. H. Schröder is with the CIBER de Epidemiologia y Salud Pública, Madrid, Spain. R. de la Torre is with the Human Pharmacology and Clinical Neurosciences Research Group, Hospital del Mar Research Institute, Barcelona, Spain. B. van Ommen and S. Wopereis are with the Toegepast Natuurwetenschappelijk Onderzoek, Zeist, The Netherlands. E. Ros is with the Lipid Clinic, Endocrinology and Nutrition Service, Institut d'Investigacions Biomédiques August Pi i Sunyer, Hospital Clínic, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Dragana Nikolic
- P. Pérez-Martínez, J. Delgado-Lista, A. García-Ríos, F. Pérez-Jiménez, and J. López-Miranda are with the Lipid and Atherosclerosis Unit, IMIBIC/Reina Sofia University Hospital/University of Cordoba, Cordoba, Spain. P. Pérez-Martínez, M. Bullo, M.I. Covas, J. Delgado-Lista, A. Díaz-López, R. Estruch, M. Fitó, A. García-Ríos, G. Mena-Sánchez, A. Muñoz-Garach, F. Pérez-Jiménez, J. Salas-Salvadó, F.J. Tinahones, R. de la Torre, E. Ros, and J. López-Miranda are with the CIBER Fisiopatologia Obesidad y Nutricion (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain. D.P. Mikhailidis is with the Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Royal Free Hospital Campus, University College London Medical School, University College London, London, United Kingdom. V.G. Athyros and N. Katsiki are with the Second Propedeutic Department of Internal Medicine, Medical School, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Hippokration Hospital, Thessaloniki, Greece. M. Bullo, A. Díaz-López, G. Mena-Sánchez, and J. Salas-Salvadó are with the Human Nutrition Unit, Biochemistry Biotechnology Department, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Hospital Universitari de Sant Joan de Reus, IISPV, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Reus, Spain. P. Couture and B. Lamarche are with the Institute on Nutrition and Functional Foods, Laval University, Quebec, Canada. M.I. Covas, M. Fitó, and H. Schröder are with the Cardiovascular Risk and Nutrition Research Group, Hospital del Mar Research Institute, Barcelona, Spain. M.I. Covas is with the NUPROAS (Nutritional Project Assessment) Handesbolag, Nacka?, Sweden. L. de Koning is with the the Department of Pathology and Department of Laboratory Medicine, Pediatrics, and Community Health Sciences, University of Calgary, Alberta, Canada. C.A. Drevon is with the Department of Nutrition, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway. R. Estruch is with the Department of Internal Medicine, Hospital Clínic, Institut d'Investigacions Biomédiques August Pi i Sunyer, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain. K. Esposito, D. Giugliano, and M. Ida Maiorino are with the Division of Endocrinology and Metabolic Diseases, Second University of Naples Diabetes Unit, Second University of Naples, Naples, Italy. M. Garaulet is with the Chronobiology Laboratory, Department of Physiology, University of Murcia and Research Biomedical Institute of Murcia, Murcia, Spain. G. Kolovou is with the 1st Cardiology Department, Onassis Cardiac Surgery Center, Athens, Greece. A. Muñoz-Garach and F.J. Tinahones are with the Servicio de Endocrinologia y Nutricion, Hospital Clinico Virgen de la Victoria, Malaga, Spain. D. Nikolic and M. Rizzo are with the Biomedical Department of Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy. J.M. Ordovás is with the Jean Mayer US Department of Agriculture Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, United States. J.M. Ordovás is with the Department of Epidemiology, National Center of Cardiovascular Investigations, Madrid, Spain; and the Madrid Institute of Advanced Studies-Food, Madrid, Spain. H. Schröder is with the CIBER de Epidemiologia y Salud Pública, Madrid, Spain. R. de la Torre is with the Human Pharmacology and Clinical Neurosciences Research Group, Hospital del Mar Research Institute, Barcelona, Spain. B. van Ommen and S. Wopereis are with the Toegepast Natuurwetenschappelijk Onderzoek, Zeist, The Netherlands. E. Ros is with the Lipid Clinic, Endocrinology and Nutrition Service, Institut d'Investigacions Biomédiques August Pi i Sunyer, Hospital Clínic, Barcelona, Spain
| | - José M Ordovás
- P. Pérez-Martínez, J. Delgado-Lista, A. García-Ríos, F. Pérez-Jiménez, and J. López-Miranda are with the Lipid and Atherosclerosis Unit, IMIBIC/Reina Sofia University Hospital/University of Cordoba, Cordoba, Spain. P. Pérez-Martínez, M. Bullo, M.I. Covas, J. Delgado-Lista, A. Díaz-López, R. Estruch, M. Fitó, A. García-Ríos, G. Mena-Sánchez, A. Muñoz-Garach, F. Pérez-Jiménez, J. Salas-Salvadó, F.J. Tinahones, R. de la Torre, E. Ros, and J. López-Miranda are with the CIBER Fisiopatologia Obesidad y Nutricion (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain. D.P. Mikhailidis is with the Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Royal Free Hospital Campus, University College London Medical School, University College London, London, United Kingdom. V.G. Athyros and N. Katsiki are with the Second Propedeutic Department of Internal Medicine, Medical School, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Hippokration Hospital, Thessaloniki, Greece. M. Bullo, A. Díaz-López, G. Mena-Sánchez, and J. Salas-Salvadó are with the Human Nutrition Unit, Biochemistry Biotechnology Department, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Hospital Universitari de Sant Joan de Reus, IISPV, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Reus, Spain. P. Couture and B. Lamarche are with the Institute on Nutrition and Functional Foods, Laval University, Quebec, Canada. M.I. Covas, M. Fitó, and H. Schröder are with the Cardiovascular Risk and Nutrition Research Group, Hospital del Mar Research Institute, Barcelona, Spain. M.I. Covas is with the NUPROAS (Nutritional Project Assessment) Handesbolag, Nacka?, Sweden. L. de Koning is with the the Department of Pathology and Department of Laboratory Medicine, Pediatrics, and Community Health Sciences, University of Calgary, Alberta, Canada. C.A. Drevon is with the Department of Nutrition, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway. R. Estruch is with the Department of Internal Medicine, Hospital Clínic, Institut d'Investigacions Biomédiques August Pi i Sunyer, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain. K. Esposito, D. Giugliano, and M. Ida Maiorino are with the Division of Endocrinology and Metabolic Diseases, Second University of Naples Diabetes Unit, Second University of Naples, Naples, Italy. M. Garaulet is with the Chronobiology Laboratory, Department of Physiology, University of Murcia and Research Biomedical Institute of Murcia, Murcia, Spain. G. Kolovou is with the 1st Cardiology Department, Onassis Cardiac Surgery Center, Athens, Greece. A. Muñoz-Garach and F.J. Tinahones are with the Servicio de Endocrinologia y Nutricion, Hospital Clinico Virgen de la Victoria, Malaga, Spain. D. Nikolic and M. Rizzo are with the Biomedical Department of Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy. J.M. Ordovás is with the Jean Mayer US Department of Agriculture Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, United States. J.M. Ordovás is with the Department of Epidemiology, National Center of Cardiovascular Investigations, Madrid, Spain; and the Madrid Institute of Advanced Studies-Food, Madrid, Spain. H. Schröder is with the CIBER de Epidemiologia y Salud Pública, Madrid, Spain. R. de la Torre is with the Human Pharmacology and Clinical Neurosciences Research Group, Hospital del Mar Research Institute, Barcelona, Spain. B. van Ommen and S. Wopereis are with the Toegepast Natuurwetenschappelijk Onderzoek, Zeist, The Netherlands. E. Ros is with the Lipid Clinic, Endocrinology and Nutrition Service, Institut d'Investigacions Biomédiques August Pi i Sunyer, Hospital Clínic, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Francisco Pérez-Jiménez
- P. Pérez-Martínez, J. Delgado-Lista, A. García-Ríos, F. Pérez-Jiménez, and J. López-Miranda are with the Lipid and Atherosclerosis Unit, IMIBIC/Reina Sofia University Hospital/University of Cordoba, Cordoba, Spain. P. Pérez-Martínez, M. Bullo, M.I. Covas, J. Delgado-Lista, A. Díaz-López, R. Estruch, M. Fitó, A. García-Ríos, G. Mena-Sánchez, A. Muñoz-Garach, F. Pérez-Jiménez, J. Salas-Salvadó, F.J. Tinahones, R. de la Torre, E. Ros, and J. López-Miranda are with the CIBER Fisiopatologia Obesidad y Nutricion (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain. D.P. Mikhailidis is with the Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Royal Free Hospital Campus, University College London Medical School, University College London, London, United Kingdom. V.G. Athyros and N. Katsiki are with the Second Propedeutic Department of Internal Medicine, Medical School, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Hippokration Hospital, Thessaloniki, Greece. M. Bullo, A. Díaz-López, G. Mena-Sánchez, and J. Salas-Salvadó are with the Human Nutrition Unit, Biochemistry Biotechnology Department, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Hospital Universitari de Sant Joan de Reus, IISPV, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Reus, Spain. P. Couture and B. Lamarche are with the Institute on Nutrition and Functional Foods, Laval University, Quebec, Canada. M.I. Covas, M. Fitó, and H. Schröder are with the Cardiovascular Risk and Nutrition Research Group, Hospital del Mar Research Institute, Barcelona, Spain. M.I. Covas is with the NUPROAS (Nutritional Project Assessment) Handesbolag, Nacka?, Sweden. L. de Koning is with the the Department of Pathology and Department of Laboratory Medicine, Pediatrics, and Community Health Sciences, University of Calgary, Alberta, Canada. C.A. Drevon is with the Department of Nutrition, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway. R. Estruch is with the Department of Internal Medicine, Hospital Clínic, Institut d'Investigacions Biomédiques August Pi i Sunyer, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain. K. Esposito, D. Giugliano, and M. Ida Maiorino are with the Division of Endocrinology and Metabolic Diseases, Second University of Naples Diabetes Unit, Second University of Naples, Naples, Italy. M. Garaulet is with the Chronobiology Laboratory, Department of Physiology, University of Murcia and Research Biomedical Institute of Murcia, Murcia, Spain. G. Kolovou is with the 1st Cardiology Department, Onassis Cardiac Surgery Center, Athens, Greece. A. Muñoz-Garach and F.J. Tinahones are with the Servicio de Endocrinologia y Nutricion, Hospital Clinico Virgen de la Victoria, Malaga, Spain. D. Nikolic and M. Rizzo are with the Biomedical Department of Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy. J.M. Ordovás is with the Jean Mayer US Department of Agriculture Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, United States. J.M. Ordovás is with the Department of Epidemiology, National Center of Cardiovascular Investigations, Madrid, Spain; and the Madrid Institute of Advanced Studies-Food, Madrid, Spain. H. Schröder is with the CIBER de Epidemiologia y Salud Pública, Madrid, Spain. R. de la Torre is with the Human Pharmacology and Clinical Neurosciences Research Group, Hospital del Mar Research Institute, Barcelona, Spain. B. van Ommen and S. Wopereis are with the Toegepast Natuurwetenschappelijk Onderzoek, Zeist, The Netherlands. E. Ros is with the Lipid Clinic, Endocrinology and Nutrition Service, Institut d'Investigacions Biomédiques August Pi i Sunyer, Hospital Clínic, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Manfredi Rizzo
- P. Pérez-Martínez, J. Delgado-Lista, A. García-Ríos, F. Pérez-Jiménez, and J. López-Miranda are with the Lipid and Atherosclerosis Unit, IMIBIC/Reina Sofia University Hospital/University of Cordoba, Cordoba, Spain. P. Pérez-Martínez, M. Bullo, M.I. Covas, J. Delgado-Lista, A. Díaz-López, R. Estruch, M. Fitó, A. García-Ríos, G. Mena-Sánchez, A. Muñoz-Garach, F. Pérez-Jiménez, J. Salas-Salvadó, F.J. Tinahones, R. de la Torre, E. Ros, and J. López-Miranda are with the CIBER Fisiopatologia Obesidad y Nutricion (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain. D.P. Mikhailidis is with the Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Royal Free Hospital Campus, University College London Medical School, University College London, London, United Kingdom. V.G. Athyros and N. Katsiki are with the Second Propedeutic Department of Internal Medicine, Medical School, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Hippokration Hospital, Thessaloniki, Greece. M. Bullo, A. Díaz-López, G. Mena-Sánchez, and J. Salas-Salvadó are with the Human Nutrition Unit, Biochemistry Biotechnology Department, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Hospital Universitari de Sant Joan de Reus, IISPV, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Reus, Spain. P. Couture and B. Lamarche are with the Institute on Nutrition and Functional Foods, Laval University, Quebec, Canada. M.I. Covas, M. Fitó, and H. Schröder are with the Cardiovascular Risk and Nutrition Research Group, Hospital del Mar Research Institute, Barcelona, Spain. M.I. Covas is with the NUPROAS (Nutritional Project Assessment) Handesbolag, Nacka?, Sweden. L. de Koning is with the the Department of Pathology and Department of Laboratory Medicine, Pediatrics, and Community Health Sciences, University of Calgary, Alberta, Canada. C.A. Drevon is with the Department of Nutrition, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway. R. Estruch is with the Department of Internal Medicine, Hospital Clínic, Institut d'Investigacions Biomédiques August Pi i Sunyer, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain. K. Esposito, D. Giugliano, and M. Ida Maiorino are with the Division of Endocrinology and Metabolic Diseases, Second University of Naples Diabetes Unit, Second University of Naples, Naples, Italy. M. Garaulet is with the Chronobiology Laboratory, Department of Physiology, University of Murcia and Research Biomedical Institute of Murcia, Murcia, Spain. G. Kolovou is with the 1st Cardiology Department, Onassis Cardiac Surgery Center, Athens, Greece. A. Muñoz-Garach and F.J. Tinahones are with the Servicio de Endocrinologia y Nutricion, Hospital Clinico Virgen de la Victoria, Malaga, Spain. D. Nikolic and M. Rizzo are with the Biomedical Department of Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy. J.M. Ordovás is with the Jean Mayer US Department of Agriculture Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, United States. J.M. Ordovás is with the Department of Epidemiology, National Center of Cardiovascular Investigations, Madrid, Spain; and the Madrid Institute of Advanced Studies-Food, Madrid, Spain. H. Schröder is with the CIBER de Epidemiologia y Salud Pública, Madrid, Spain. R. de la Torre is with the Human Pharmacology and Clinical Neurosciences Research Group, Hospital del Mar Research Institute, Barcelona, Spain. B. van Ommen and S. Wopereis are with the Toegepast Natuurwetenschappelijk Onderzoek, Zeist, The Netherlands. E. Ros is with the Lipid Clinic, Endocrinology and Nutrition Service, Institut d'Investigacions Biomédiques August Pi i Sunyer, Hospital Clínic, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Jordi Salas-Salvadó
- P. Pérez-Martínez, J. Delgado-Lista, A. García-Ríos, F. Pérez-Jiménez, and J. López-Miranda are with the Lipid and Atherosclerosis Unit, IMIBIC/Reina Sofia University Hospital/University of Cordoba, Cordoba, Spain. P. Pérez-Martínez, M. Bullo, M.I. Covas, J. Delgado-Lista, A. Díaz-López, R. Estruch, M. Fitó, A. García-Ríos, G. Mena-Sánchez, A. Muñoz-Garach, F. Pérez-Jiménez, J. Salas-Salvadó, F.J. Tinahones, R. de la Torre, E. Ros, and J. López-Miranda are with the CIBER Fisiopatologia Obesidad y Nutricion (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain. D.P. Mikhailidis is with the Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Royal Free Hospital Campus, University College London Medical School, University College London, London, United Kingdom. V.G. Athyros and N. Katsiki are with the Second Propedeutic Department of Internal Medicine, Medical School, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Hippokration Hospital, Thessaloniki, Greece. M. Bullo, A. Díaz-López, G. Mena-Sánchez, and J. Salas-Salvadó are with the Human Nutrition Unit, Biochemistry Biotechnology Department, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Hospital Universitari de Sant Joan de Reus, IISPV, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Reus, Spain. P. Couture and B. Lamarche are with the Institute on Nutrition and Functional Foods, Laval University, Quebec, Canada. M.I. Covas, M. Fitó, and H. Schröder are with the Cardiovascular Risk and Nutrition Research Group, Hospital del Mar Research Institute, Barcelona, Spain. M.I. Covas is with the NUPROAS (Nutritional Project Assessment) Handesbolag, Nacka?, Sweden. L. de Koning is with the the Department of Pathology and Department of Laboratory Medicine, Pediatrics, and Community Health Sciences, University of Calgary, Alberta, Canada. C.A. Drevon is with the Department of Nutrition, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway. R. Estruch is with the Department of Internal Medicine, Hospital Clínic, Institut d'Investigacions Biomédiques August Pi i Sunyer, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain. K. Esposito, D. Giugliano, and M. Ida Maiorino are with the Division of Endocrinology and Metabolic Diseases, Second University of Naples Diabetes Unit, Second University of Naples, Naples, Italy. M. Garaulet is with the Chronobiology Laboratory, Department of Physiology, University of Murcia and Research Biomedical Institute of Murcia, Murcia, Spain. G. Kolovou is with the 1st Cardiology Department, Onassis Cardiac Surgery Center, Athens, Greece. A. Muñoz-Garach and F.J. Tinahones are with the Servicio de Endocrinologia y Nutricion, Hospital Clinico Virgen de la Victoria, Malaga, Spain. D. Nikolic and M. Rizzo are with the Biomedical Department of Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy. J.M. Ordovás is with the Jean Mayer US Department of Agriculture Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, United States. J.M. Ordovás is with the Department of Epidemiology, National Center of Cardiovascular Investigations, Madrid, Spain; and the Madrid Institute of Advanced Studies-Food, Madrid, Spain. H. Schröder is with the CIBER de Epidemiologia y Salud Pública, Madrid, Spain. R. de la Torre is with the Human Pharmacology and Clinical Neurosciences Research Group, Hospital del Mar Research Institute, Barcelona, Spain. B. van Ommen and S. Wopereis are with the Toegepast Natuurwetenschappelijk Onderzoek, Zeist, The Netherlands. E. Ros is with the Lipid Clinic, Endocrinology and Nutrition Service, Institut d'Investigacions Biomédiques August Pi i Sunyer, Hospital Clínic, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Helmut Schröder
- P. Pérez-Martínez, J. Delgado-Lista, A. García-Ríos, F. Pérez-Jiménez, and J. López-Miranda are with the Lipid and Atherosclerosis Unit, IMIBIC/Reina Sofia University Hospital/University of Cordoba, Cordoba, Spain. P. Pérez-Martínez, M. Bullo, M.I. Covas, J. Delgado-Lista, A. Díaz-López, R. Estruch, M. Fitó, A. García-Ríos, G. Mena-Sánchez, A. Muñoz-Garach, F. Pérez-Jiménez, J. Salas-Salvadó, F.J. Tinahones, R. de la Torre, E. Ros, and J. López-Miranda are with the CIBER Fisiopatologia Obesidad y Nutricion (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain. D.P. Mikhailidis is with the Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Royal Free Hospital Campus, University College London Medical School, University College London, London, United Kingdom. V.G. Athyros and N. Katsiki are with the Second Propedeutic Department of Internal Medicine, Medical School, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Hippokration Hospital, Thessaloniki, Greece. M. Bullo, A. Díaz-López, G. Mena-Sánchez, and J. Salas-Salvadó are with the Human Nutrition Unit, Biochemistry Biotechnology Department, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Hospital Universitari de Sant Joan de Reus, IISPV, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Reus, Spain. P. Couture and B. Lamarche are with the Institute on Nutrition and Functional Foods, Laval University, Quebec, Canada. M.I. Covas, M. Fitó, and H. Schröder are with the Cardiovascular Risk and Nutrition Research Group, Hospital del Mar Research Institute, Barcelona, Spain. M.I. Covas is with the NUPROAS (Nutritional Project Assessment) Handesbolag, Nacka?, Sweden. L. de Koning is with the the Department of Pathology and Department of Laboratory Medicine, Pediatrics, and Community Health Sciences, University of Calgary, Alberta, Canada. C.A. Drevon is with the Department of Nutrition, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway. R. Estruch is with the Department of Internal Medicine, Hospital Clínic, Institut d'Investigacions Biomédiques August Pi i Sunyer, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain. K. Esposito, D. Giugliano, and M. Ida Maiorino are with the Division of Endocrinology and Metabolic Diseases, Second University of Naples Diabetes Unit, Second University of Naples, Naples, Italy. M. Garaulet is with the Chronobiology Laboratory, Department of Physiology, University of Murcia and Research Biomedical Institute of Murcia, Murcia, Spain. G. Kolovou is with the 1st Cardiology Department, Onassis Cardiac Surgery Center, Athens, Greece. A. Muñoz-Garach and F.J. Tinahones are with the Servicio de Endocrinologia y Nutricion, Hospital Clinico Virgen de la Victoria, Malaga, Spain. D. Nikolic and M. Rizzo are with the Biomedical Department of Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy. J.M. Ordovás is with the Jean Mayer US Department of Agriculture Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, United States. J.M. Ordovás is with the Department of Epidemiology, National Center of Cardiovascular Investigations, Madrid, Spain; and the Madrid Institute of Advanced Studies-Food, Madrid, Spain. H. Schröder is with the CIBER de Epidemiologia y Salud Pública, Madrid, Spain. R. de la Torre is with the Human Pharmacology and Clinical Neurosciences Research Group, Hospital del Mar Research Institute, Barcelona, Spain. B. van Ommen and S. Wopereis are with the Toegepast Natuurwetenschappelijk Onderzoek, Zeist, The Netherlands. E. Ros is with the Lipid Clinic, Endocrinology and Nutrition Service, Institut d'Investigacions Biomédiques August Pi i Sunyer, Hospital Clínic, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Francisco J Tinahones
- P. Pérez-Martínez, J. Delgado-Lista, A. García-Ríos, F. Pérez-Jiménez, and J. López-Miranda are with the Lipid and Atherosclerosis Unit, IMIBIC/Reina Sofia University Hospital/University of Cordoba, Cordoba, Spain. P. Pérez-Martínez, M. Bullo, M.I. Covas, J. Delgado-Lista, A. Díaz-López, R. Estruch, M. Fitó, A. García-Ríos, G. Mena-Sánchez, A. Muñoz-Garach, F. Pérez-Jiménez, J. Salas-Salvadó, F.J. Tinahones, R. de la Torre, E. Ros, and J. López-Miranda are with the CIBER Fisiopatologia Obesidad y Nutricion (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain. D.P. Mikhailidis is with the Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Royal Free Hospital Campus, University College London Medical School, University College London, London, United Kingdom. V.G. Athyros and N. Katsiki are with the Second Propedeutic Department of Internal Medicine, Medical School, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Hippokration Hospital, Thessaloniki, Greece. M. Bullo, A. Díaz-López, G. Mena-Sánchez, and J. Salas-Salvadó are with the Human Nutrition Unit, Biochemistry Biotechnology Department, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Hospital Universitari de Sant Joan de Reus, IISPV, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Reus, Spain. P. Couture and B. Lamarche are with the Institute on Nutrition and Functional Foods, Laval University, Quebec, Canada. M.I. Covas, M. Fitó, and H. Schröder are with the Cardiovascular Risk and Nutrition Research Group, Hospital del Mar Research Institute, Barcelona, Spain. M.I. Covas is with the NUPROAS (Nutritional Project Assessment) Handesbolag, Nacka?, Sweden. L. de Koning is with the the Department of Pathology and Department of Laboratory Medicine, Pediatrics, and Community Health Sciences, University of Calgary, Alberta, Canada. C.A. Drevon is with the Department of Nutrition, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway. R. Estruch is with the Department of Internal Medicine, Hospital Clínic, Institut d'Investigacions Biomédiques August Pi i Sunyer, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain. K. Esposito, D. Giugliano, and M. Ida Maiorino are with the Division of Endocrinology and Metabolic Diseases, Second University of Naples Diabetes Unit, Second University of Naples, Naples, Italy. M. Garaulet is with the Chronobiology Laboratory, Department of Physiology, University of Murcia and Research Biomedical Institute of Murcia, Murcia, Spain. G. Kolovou is with the 1st Cardiology Department, Onassis Cardiac Surgery Center, Athens, Greece. A. Muñoz-Garach and F.J. Tinahones are with the Servicio de Endocrinologia y Nutricion, Hospital Clinico Virgen de la Victoria, Malaga, Spain. D. Nikolic and M. Rizzo are with the Biomedical Department of Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy. J.M. Ordovás is with the Jean Mayer US Department of Agriculture Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, United States. J.M. Ordovás is with the Department of Epidemiology, National Center of Cardiovascular Investigations, Madrid, Spain; and the Madrid Institute of Advanced Studies-Food, Madrid, Spain. H. Schröder is with the CIBER de Epidemiologia y Salud Pública, Madrid, Spain. R. de la Torre is with the Human Pharmacology and Clinical Neurosciences Research Group, Hospital del Mar Research Institute, Barcelona, Spain. B. van Ommen and S. Wopereis are with the Toegepast Natuurwetenschappelijk Onderzoek, Zeist, The Netherlands. E. Ros is with the Lipid Clinic, Endocrinology and Nutrition Service, Institut d'Investigacions Biomédiques August Pi i Sunyer, Hospital Clínic, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Rafael de la Torre
- P. Pérez-Martínez, J. Delgado-Lista, A. García-Ríos, F. Pérez-Jiménez, and J. López-Miranda are with the Lipid and Atherosclerosis Unit, IMIBIC/Reina Sofia University Hospital/University of Cordoba, Cordoba, Spain. P. Pérez-Martínez, M. Bullo, M.I. Covas, J. Delgado-Lista, A. Díaz-López, R. Estruch, M. Fitó, A. García-Ríos, G. Mena-Sánchez, A. Muñoz-Garach, F. Pérez-Jiménez, J. Salas-Salvadó, F.J. Tinahones, R. de la Torre, E. Ros, and J. López-Miranda are with the CIBER Fisiopatologia Obesidad y Nutricion (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain. D.P. Mikhailidis is with the Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Royal Free Hospital Campus, University College London Medical School, University College London, London, United Kingdom. V.G. Athyros and N. Katsiki are with the Second Propedeutic Department of Internal Medicine, Medical School, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Hippokration Hospital, Thessaloniki, Greece. M. Bullo, A. Díaz-López, G. Mena-Sánchez, and J. Salas-Salvadó are with the Human Nutrition Unit, Biochemistry Biotechnology Department, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Hospital Universitari de Sant Joan de Reus, IISPV, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Reus, Spain. P. Couture and B. Lamarche are with the Institute on Nutrition and Functional Foods, Laval University, Quebec, Canada. M.I. Covas, M. Fitó, and H. Schröder are with the Cardiovascular Risk and Nutrition Research Group, Hospital del Mar Research Institute, Barcelona, Spain. M.I. Covas is with the NUPROAS (Nutritional Project Assessment) Handesbolag, Nacka?, Sweden. L. de Koning is with the the Department of Pathology and Department of Laboratory Medicine, Pediatrics, and Community Health Sciences, University of Calgary, Alberta, Canada. C.A. Drevon is with the Department of Nutrition, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway. R. Estruch is with the Department of Internal Medicine, Hospital Clínic, Institut d'Investigacions Biomédiques August Pi i Sunyer, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain. K. Esposito, D. Giugliano, and M. Ida Maiorino are with the Division of Endocrinology and Metabolic Diseases, Second University of Naples Diabetes Unit, Second University of Naples, Naples, Italy. M. Garaulet is with the Chronobiology Laboratory, Department of Physiology, University of Murcia and Research Biomedical Institute of Murcia, Murcia, Spain. G. Kolovou is with the 1st Cardiology Department, Onassis Cardiac Surgery Center, Athens, Greece. A. Muñoz-Garach and F.J. Tinahones are with the Servicio de Endocrinologia y Nutricion, Hospital Clinico Virgen de la Victoria, Malaga, Spain. D. Nikolic and M. Rizzo are with the Biomedical Department of Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy. J.M. Ordovás is with the Jean Mayer US Department of Agriculture Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, United States. J.M. Ordovás is with the Department of Epidemiology, National Center of Cardiovascular Investigations, Madrid, Spain; and the Madrid Institute of Advanced Studies-Food, Madrid, Spain. H. Schröder is with the CIBER de Epidemiologia y Salud Pública, Madrid, Spain. R. de la Torre is with the Human Pharmacology and Clinical Neurosciences Research Group, Hospital del Mar Research Institute, Barcelona, Spain. B. van Ommen and S. Wopereis are with the Toegepast Natuurwetenschappelijk Onderzoek, Zeist, The Netherlands. E. Ros is with the Lipid Clinic, Endocrinology and Nutrition Service, Institut d'Investigacions Biomédiques August Pi i Sunyer, Hospital Clínic, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Ben van Ommen
- P. Pérez-Martínez, J. Delgado-Lista, A. García-Ríos, F. Pérez-Jiménez, and J. López-Miranda are with the Lipid and Atherosclerosis Unit, IMIBIC/Reina Sofia University Hospital/University of Cordoba, Cordoba, Spain. P. Pérez-Martínez, M. Bullo, M.I. Covas, J. Delgado-Lista, A. Díaz-López, R. Estruch, M. Fitó, A. García-Ríos, G. Mena-Sánchez, A. Muñoz-Garach, F. Pérez-Jiménez, J. Salas-Salvadó, F.J. Tinahones, R. de la Torre, E. Ros, and J. López-Miranda are with the CIBER Fisiopatologia Obesidad y Nutricion (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain. D.P. Mikhailidis is with the Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Royal Free Hospital Campus, University College London Medical School, University College London, London, United Kingdom. V.G. Athyros and N. Katsiki are with the Second Propedeutic Department of Internal Medicine, Medical School, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Hippokration Hospital, Thessaloniki, Greece. M. Bullo, A. Díaz-López, G. Mena-Sánchez, and J. Salas-Salvadó are with the Human Nutrition Unit, Biochemistry Biotechnology Department, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Hospital Universitari de Sant Joan de Reus, IISPV, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Reus, Spain. P. Couture and B. Lamarche are with the Institute on Nutrition and Functional Foods, Laval University, Quebec, Canada. M.I. Covas, M. Fitó, and H. Schröder are with the Cardiovascular Risk and Nutrition Research Group, Hospital del Mar Research Institute, Barcelona, Spain. M.I. Covas is with the NUPROAS (Nutritional Project Assessment) Handesbolag, Nacka?, Sweden. L. de Koning is with the the Department of Pathology and Department of Laboratory Medicine, Pediatrics, and Community Health Sciences, University of Calgary, Alberta, Canada. C.A. Drevon is with the Department of Nutrition, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway. R. Estruch is with the Department of Internal Medicine, Hospital Clínic, Institut d'Investigacions Biomédiques August Pi i Sunyer, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain. K. Esposito, D. Giugliano, and M. Ida Maiorino are with the Division of Endocrinology and Metabolic Diseases, Second University of Naples Diabetes Unit, Second University of Naples, Naples, Italy. M. Garaulet is with the Chronobiology Laboratory, Department of Physiology, University of Murcia and Research Biomedical Institute of Murcia, Murcia, Spain. G. Kolovou is with the 1st Cardiology Department, Onassis Cardiac Surgery Center, Athens, Greece. A. Muñoz-Garach and F.J. Tinahones are with the Servicio de Endocrinologia y Nutricion, Hospital Clinico Virgen de la Victoria, Malaga, Spain. D. Nikolic and M. Rizzo are with the Biomedical Department of Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy. J.M. Ordovás is with the Jean Mayer US Department of Agriculture Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, United States. J.M. Ordovás is with the Department of Epidemiology, National Center of Cardiovascular Investigations, Madrid, Spain; and the Madrid Institute of Advanced Studies-Food, Madrid, Spain. H. Schröder is with the CIBER de Epidemiologia y Salud Pública, Madrid, Spain. R. de la Torre is with the Human Pharmacology and Clinical Neurosciences Research Group, Hospital del Mar Research Institute, Barcelona, Spain. B. van Ommen and S. Wopereis are with the Toegepast Natuurwetenschappelijk Onderzoek, Zeist, The Netherlands. E. Ros is with the Lipid Clinic, Endocrinology and Nutrition Service, Institut d'Investigacions Biomédiques August Pi i Sunyer, Hospital Clínic, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Suzan Wopereis
- P. Pérez-Martínez, J. Delgado-Lista, A. García-Ríos, F. Pérez-Jiménez, and J. López-Miranda are with the Lipid and Atherosclerosis Unit, IMIBIC/Reina Sofia University Hospital/University of Cordoba, Cordoba, Spain. P. Pérez-Martínez, M. Bullo, M.I. Covas, J. Delgado-Lista, A. Díaz-López, R. Estruch, M. Fitó, A. García-Ríos, G. Mena-Sánchez, A. Muñoz-Garach, F. Pérez-Jiménez, J. Salas-Salvadó, F.J. Tinahones, R. de la Torre, E. Ros, and J. López-Miranda are with the CIBER Fisiopatologia Obesidad y Nutricion (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain. D.P. Mikhailidis is with the Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Royal Free Hospital Campus, University College London Medical School, University College London, London, United Kingdom. V.G. Athyros and N. Katsiki are with the Second Propedeutic Department of Internal Medicine, Medical School, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Hippokration Hospital, Thessaloniki, Greece. M. Bullo, A. Díaz-López, G. Mena-Sánchez, and J. Salas-Salvadó are with the Human Nutrition Unit, Biochemistry Biotechnology Department, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Hospital Universitari de Sant Joan de Reus, IISPV, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Reus, Spain. P. Couture and B. Lamarche are with the Institute on Nutrition and Functional Foods, Laval University, Quebec, Canada. M.I. Covas, M. Fitó, and H. Schröder are with the Cardiovascular Risk and Nutrition Research Group, Hospital del Mar Research Institute, Barcelona, Spain. M.I. Covas is with the NUPROAS (Nutritional Project Assessment) Handesbolag, Nacka?, Sweden. L. de Koning is with the the Department of Pathology and Department of Laboratory Medicine, Pediatrics, and Community Health Sciences, University of Calgary, Alberta, Canada. C.A. Drevon is with the Department of Nutrition, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway. R. Estruch is with the Department of Internal Medicine, Hospital Clínic, Institut d'Investigacions Biomédiques August Pi i Sunyer, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain. K. Esposito, D. Giugliano, and M. Ida Maiorino are with the Division of Endocrinology and Metabolic Diseases, Second University of Naples Diabetes Unit, Second University of Naples, Naples, Italy. M. Garaulet is with the Chronobiology Laboratory, Department of Physiology, University of Murcia and Research Biomedical Institute of Murcia, Murcia, Spain. G. Kolovou is with the 1st Cardiology Department, Onassis Cardiac Surgery Center, Athens, Greece. A. Muñoz-Garach and F.J. Tinahones are with the Servicio de Endocrinologia y Nutricion, Hospital Clinico Virgen de la Victoria, Malaga, Spain. D. Nikolic and M. Rizzo are with the Biomedical Department of Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy. J.M. Ordovás is with the Jean Mayer US Department of Agriculture Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, United States. J.M. Ordovás is with the Department of Epidemiology, National Center of Cardiovascular Investigations, Madrid, Spain; and the Madrid Institute of Advanced Studies-Food, Madrid, Spain. H. Schröder is with the CIBER de Epidemiologia y Salud Pública, Madrid, Spain. R. de la Torre is with the Human Pharmacology and Clinical Neurosciences Research Group, Hospital del Mar Research Institute, Barcelona, Spain. B. van Ommen and S. Wopereis are with the Toegepast Natuurwetenschappelijk Onderzoek, Zeist, The Netherlands. E. Ros is with the Lipid Clinic, Endocrinology and Nutrition Service, Institut d'Investigacions Biomédiques August Pi i Sunyer, Hospital Clínic, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Emilio Ros
- P. Pérez-Martínez, J. Delgado-Lista, A. García-Ríos, F. Pérez-Jiménez, and J. López-Miranda are with the Lipid and Atherosclerosis Unit, IMIBIC/Reina Sofia University Hospital/University of Cordoba, Cordoba, Spain. P. Pérez-Martínez, M. Bullo, M.I. Covas, J. Delgado-Lista, A. Díaz-López, R. Estruch, M. Fitó, A. García-Ríos, G. Mena-Sánchez, A. Muñoz-Garach, F. Pérez-Jiménez, J. Salas-Salvadó, F.J. Tinahones, R. de la Torre, E. Ros, and J. López-Miranda are with the CIBER Fisiopatologia Obesidad y Nutricion (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain. D.P. Mikhailidis is with the Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Royal Free Hospital Campus, University College London Medical School, University College London, London, United Kingdom. V.G. Athyros and N. Katsiki are with the Second Propedeutic Department of Internal Medicine, Medical School, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Hippokration Hospital, Thessaloniki, Greece. M. Bullo, A. Díaz-López, G. Mena-Sánchez, and J. Salas-Salvadó are with the Human Nutrition Unit, Biochemistry Biotechnology Department, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Hospital Universitari de Sant Joan de Reus, IISPV, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Reus, Spain. P. Couture and B. Lamarche are with the Institute on Nutrition and Functional Foods, Laval University, Quebec, Canada. M.I. Covas, M. Fitó, and H. Schröder are with the Cardiovascular Risk and Nutrition Research Group, Hospital del Mar Research Institute, Barcelona, Spain. M.I. Covas is with the NUPROAS (Nutritional Project Assessment) Handesbolag, Nacka?, Sweden. L. de Koning is with the the Department of Pathology and Department of Laboratory Medicine, Pediatrics, and Community Health Sciences, University of Calgary, Alberta, Canada. C.A. Drevon is with the Department of Nutrition, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway. R. Estruch is with the Department of Internal Medicine, Hospital Clínic, Institut d'Investigacions Biomédiques August Pi i Sunyer, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain. K. Esposito, D. Giugliano, and M. Ida Maiorino are with the Division of Endocrinology and Metabolic Diseases, Second University of Naples Diabetes Unit, Second University of Naples, Naples, Italy. M. Garaulet is with the Chronobiology Laboratory, Department of Physiology, University of Murcia and Research Biomedical Institute of Murcia, Murcia, Spain. G. Kolovou is with the 1st Cardiology Department, Onassis Cardiac Surgery Center, Athens, Greece. A. Muñoz-Garach and F.J. Tinahones are with the Servicio de Endocrinologia y Nutricion, Hospital Clinico Virgen de la Victoria, Malaga, Spain. D. Nikolic and M. Rizzo are with the Biomedical Department of Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy. J.M. Ordovás is with the Jean Mayer US Department of Agriculture Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, United States. J.M. Ordovás is with the Department of Epidemiology, National Center of Cardiovascular Investigations, Madrid, Spain; and the Madrid Institute of Advanced Studies-Food, Madrid, Spain. H. Schröder is with the CIBER de Epidemiologia y Salud Pública, Madrid, Spain. R. de la Torre is with the Human Pharmacology and Clinical Neurosciences Research Group, Hospital del Mar Research Institute, Barcelona, Spain. B. van Ommen and S. Wopereis are with the Toegepast Natuurwetenschappelijk Onderzoek, Zeist, The Netherlands. E. Ros is with the Lipid Clinic, Endocrinology and Nutrition Service, Institut d'Investigacions Biomédiques August Pi i Sunyer, Hospital Clínic, Barcelona, Spain
| | - José López-Miranda
- P. Pérez-Martínez, J. Delgado-Lista, A. García-Ríos, F. Pérez-Jiménez, and J. López-Miranda are with the Lipid and Atherosclerosis Unit, IMIBIC/Reina Sofia University Hospital/University of Cordoba, Cordoba, Spain. P. Pérez-Martínez, M. Bullo, M.I. Covas, J. Delgado-Lista, A. Díaz-López, R. Estruch, M. Fitó, A. García-Ríos, G. Mena-Sánchez, A. Muñoz-Garach, F. Pérez-Jiménez, J. Salas-Salvadó, F.J. Tinahones, R. de la Torre, E. Ros, and J. López-Miranda are with the CIBER Fisiopatologia Obesidad y Nutricion (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain. D.P. Mikhailidis is with the Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Royal Free Hospital Campus, University College London Medical School, University College London, London, United Kingdom. V.G. Athyros and N. Katsiki are with the Second Propedeutic Department of Internal Medicine, Medical School, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Hippokration Hospital, Thessaloniki, Greece. M. Bullo, A. Díaz-López, G. Mena-Sánchez, and J. Salas-Salvadó are with the Human Nutrition Unit, Biochemistry Biotechnology Department, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Hospital Universitari de Sant Joan de Reus, IISPV, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Reus, Spain. P. Couture and B. Lamarche are with the Institute on Nutrition and Functional Foods, Laval University, Quebec, Canada. M.I. Covas, M. Fitó, and H. Schröder are with the Cardiovascular Risk and Nutrition Research Group, Hospital del Mar Research Institute, Barcelona, Spain. M.I. Covas is with the NUPROAS (Nutritional Project Assessment) Handesbolag, Nacka?, Sweden. L. de Koning is with the the Department of Pathology and Department of Laboratory Medicine, Pediatrics, and Community Health Sciences, University of Calgary, Alberta, Canada. C.A. Drevon is with the Department of Nutrition, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway. R. Estruch is with the Department of Internal Medicine, Hospital Clínic, Institut d'Investigacions Biomédiques August Pi i Sunyer, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain. K. Esposito, D. Giugliano, and M. Ida Maiorino are with the Division of Endocrinology and Metabolic Diseases, Second University of Naples Diabetes Unit, Second University of Naples, Naples, Italy. M. Garaulet is with the Chronobiology Laboratory, Department of Physiology, University of Murcia and Research Biomedical Institute of Murcia, Murcia, Spain. G. Kolovou is with the 1st Cardiology Department, Onassis Cardiac Surgery Center, Athens, Greece. A. Muñoz-Garach and F.J. Tinahones are with the Servicio de Endocrinologia y Nutricion, Hospital Clinico Virgen de la Victoria, Malaga, Spain. D. Nikolic and M. Rizzo are with the Biomedical Department of Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy. J.M. Ordovás is with the Jean Mayer US Department of Agriculture Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, United States. J.M. Ordovás is with the Department of Epidemiology, National Center of Cardiovascular Investigations, Madrid, Spain; and the Madrid Institute of Advanced Studies-Food, Madrid, Spain. H. Schröder is with the CIBER de Epidemiologia y Salud Pública, Madrid, Spain. R. de la Torre is with the Human Pharmacology and Clinical Neurosciences Research Group, Hospital del Mar Research Institute, Barcelona, Spain. B. van Ommen and S. Wopereis are with the Toegepast Natuurwetenschappelijk Onderzoek, Zeist, The Netherlands. E. Ros is with the Lipid Clinic, Endocrinology and Nutrition Service, Institut d'Investigacions Biomédiques August Pi i Sunyer, Hospital Clínic, Barcelona, Spain
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