1
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Lee WS, Enomoto T, Akimoto AM, Yoshida R. Temperature-Adaptative Self-Oscillating Gels: Toward Autonomous Biomimetic Soft Actuators with Broad Operating Temperature Region. Macromol Rapid Commun 2024; 45:e2400038. [PMID: 38684191 DOI: 10.1002/marc.202400038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2024] [Revised: 04/18/2024] [Indexed: 05/02/2024]
Abstract
Self-oscillating gel systems exhibiting an expanded operating temperature and accompanying functional adaptability are showcased. The developed system contains nonthermoresponsive main-monomers, such as N,N-dimethylacrylamide (DMAAm) or 2-acrylamido-2-methylpropane sulfonic acid (AMPS) or acrylamide (AAm) or 3-(methacryloylamino)propyl trimethylammonium chloride (MAPTAC). The gels volumetrically self-oscillate within the range of the conventional (20.0 °C) and extended (27.0 and 36.5 °C) temperatures. Moreover, the gels successfully adapt to the environmental changes; they beat faster and smaller as the temperature increases. The period and amplitude are also controlled by tuning the amount of main-monomers and N-(3-aminopropyl) acrylamide. Furthermore, the record amplitude in the bulk gel system consisting of polymer strand and cross-linker at 36.5 °C is achieved (≈10.8%). The study shows new self-oscillation systems composed of unprecedented combinations of materials, giving the community a robust material-based insight for developing more life-like autonomous biomimetic soft robots with various operating temperatures and beyond.
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Affiliation(s)
- Won Seok Lee
- Department of Materials Engineering, School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8656, Japan
| | - Takafumi Enomoto
- Department of Materials Engineering, School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8656, Japan
| | - Aya Mizutani Akimoto
- Department of Materials Engineering, School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8656, Japan
| | - Ryo Yoshida
- Department of Materials Engineering, School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8656, Japan
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2
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Sen S, Dong C, D’Aquino AI, Yu AC, Appel EA. Biomimetic Non-ergodic Aging by Dynamic-to-covalent Transitions in Physical Hydrogels. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2024; 16:32599-32610. [PMID: 38862125 PMCID: PMC11212625 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.4c03303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2024] [Revised: 04/16/2024] [Accepted: 05/04/2024] [Indexed: 06/13/2024]
Abstract
Hydrogels are soft materials engineered to suit a multitude of applications that exploit their tunable mechanochemical properties. Dynamic hydrogels employing noncovalent, physically cross-linked networks dominated by either enthalpic or entropic interactions enable unique rheological and stimuli-responsive characteristics. In contrast to enthalpy-driven interactions that soften with increasing temperature, entropic interactions result in largely temperature-independent mechanical properties. By engineering interfacial polymer-particle interactions, we can induce a dynamic-to-covalent transition in entropic hydrogels that leads to biomimetic non-ergodic aging in the microstructure without altering the network mesh size. This transition is tuned by varying temperature and formulation conditions such as pH, which allows for multivalent tunability in properties. These hydrogels can thus be designed to exhibit either temperature-independent metastable dynamic cross-linking or time-dependent stiffening based on formulation and storage conditions, all while maintaining structural features critical for controlling mass transport, akin to many biological tissues. Such robust materials with versatile and adaptable properties can be utilized in applications such as wildfire suppression, surgical adhesives, and depot-forming injectable drug delivery systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samya Sen
- Department
of Materials Science & Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, United States
| | - Changxin Dong
- Department
of Materials Science & Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, United States
| | - Andrea I. D’Aquino
- Department
of Materials Science & Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, United States
| | - Anthony C. Yu
- Department
of Materials Science & Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, United States
| | - Eric A. Appel
- Department
of Materials Science & Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, United States
- Department
of Bioengineering, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, United States
- Stanford
ChEM-H, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, United States
- Institute
for Immunity, Transplantation and Infection, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California 94305, United States
- Department
of Pediatrics—Endocrinology, Stanford
University School of Medicine, Stanford, California 94305, United States
- Woods Institute
for the Environment, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, United States
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3
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Jobdeedamrong A, Crespy D. Release and Transport of Nanomaterials from Hydrogels Controlled by Temperature. Macromol Rapid Commun 2024:e2400359. [PMID: 38897179 DOI: 10.1002/marc.202400359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2024] [Revised: 06/18/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024]
Abstract
Understanding the transport of nanoparticles from and within hydrogels is a key issue for the design of nanocomposite hydrogels for drug delivery systems and tissue engineering. To investigate the translocation of nanocarriers from and within hydrogel networks triggered by changes of temperature, ultrasmall (8 nm) and small (80 nm) silica nanocapsules are embedded in temperature-responsive hydrogels and non-responsive hydrogels. The ultrasmall silica nanocapsules are released from temperature-responsive hydrogels to water or transported to other hydrogels upon direct activation by heating or indirect activation by Joule heating; while, they are not released from non-responsive hydrogel. Programmable transport of nanocarriers from and in hydrogels provides insights for the development of complex biomedical devices and soft robotics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arjaree Jobdeedamrong
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, School of Molecular Science and Engineering, Vidyasirimedhi Institute of Science and Technology, Rayong, 21210, Thailand
| | - Daniel Crespy
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, School of Molecular Science and Engineering, Vidyasirimedhi Institute of Science and Technology, Rayong, 21210, Thailand
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4
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Dong S, Chapman SL, Pluen A, Richardson SM, Miller AF, Saiani A. Effect of Peptide-Polymer Host-Guest Electrostatic Interactions on Self-Assembling Peptide Hydrogels Structural and Mechanical Properties and Polymer Diffusivity. Biomacromolecules 2024; 25:3628-3641. [PMID: 38771115 PMCID: PMC11170954 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.4c00232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2024] [Revised: 04/30/2024] [Accepted: 05/01/2024] [Indexed: 05/22/2024]
Abstract
Peptide-based supramolecular hydrogels are an attractive class of soft materials for biomedical applications when biocompatibility is a key requirement as they exploit the physical self-assembly of short self-assembling peptides avoiding the need for chemical cross-linking. Based on the knowledge developed through our previous work, we designed two novel peptides, E(FKFE)2 and K(FEFK)2, that form transparent hydrogels at pH 7. We characterized the phase behavior of these peptides and showed the clear link that exists between the charge carried by the peptides and the physical state of the samples. We subsequently demonstrate the cytocompatibility of the hydrogel and its suitability for 3D cell culture using 3T3 fibroblasts and human mesenchymal stem cells. We then loaded the hydrogels with two polymers, poly-l-lysine and dextran. When polymer and peptide fibers carry opposite charges, the size of the elemental fibril formed decreases, while the overall level of fiber aggregation and fiber bundle formation increases. This overall network topology change, and increase in cross-link stability and density, leads to an overall increase in the hydrogel mechanical properties and stability, i.e., resistance to swelling when placed in excess media. Finally, we investigate the diffusion of the polymers out of the hydrogels and show how electrostatic interactions can be used to control the release of large molecules. The work clearly shows how polymers can be used to tailor the properties of peptide hydrogels through guided intermolecular interactions and demonstrates the potential of these new soft hydrogels for use in the biomedical field in particular for delivery or large molecular payloads and cells as well as scaffolds for 3D cell culture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siyuan Dong
- Department
of Chemical Engineering, School of Engineering, Faculty of Science
and Engineering, The University of Manchester, Oxford Road, M13 9PL Manchester, U.K.
- Manchester
Institute of Biotechnology (MIB), Faculty of Science and Engineering, The University of Manchester, Oxford Road, M13
9PL Manchester, U.K.
| | - Sam L. Chapman
- Division
of Pharmacy and Optometry, School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Biology,
Medicine and Health, The University of Manchester, Oxford Road, M13 9PL Manchester, U.K.
| | - Alain Pluen
- Division
of Pharmacy and Optometry, School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Biology,
Medicine and Health, The University of Manchester, Oxford Road, M13 9PL Manchester, U.K.
| | - Stephen M. Richardson
- Division
of Cell Matrix Biology and Regenerative Medicine, School of Biological
Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, Manchester Academic
Health Science Centre, The University of
Manchester, Manchester M13 9PT, U.K.
| | - Aline F. Miller
- Department
of Chemical Engineering, School of Engineering, Faculty of Science
and Engineering, The University of Manchester, Oxford Road, M13 9PL Manchester, U.K.
- Manchester
Institute of Biotechnology (MIB), Faculty of Science and Engineering, The University of Manchester, Oxford Road, M13
9PL Manchester, U.K.
| | - Alberto Saiani
- Manchester
Institute of Biotechnology (MIB), Faculty of Science and Engineering, The University of Manchester, Oxford Road, M13
9PL Manchester, U.K.
- Division
of Pharmacy and Optometry, School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Biology,
Medicine and Health, The University of Manchester, Oxford Road, M13 9PL Manchester, U.K.
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5
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Melnik E, Kurzhals S, Mutinati GC, Beni V, Hainberger R. Electrochemical Diffusion Study in Poly(Ethylene Glycol) Dimethacrylate-Based Hydrogels. SENSORS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 24:3678. [PMID: 38894467 PMCID: PMC11175328 DOI: 10.3390/s24113678] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2024] [Revised: 05/17/2024] [Accepted: 05/23/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024]
Abstract
Hydrogels are of great importance for functionalizing sensors and microfluidics, and poly(ethylene glycol) dimethacrylate (PEG-DMA) is often used as a viscosifier for printable hydrogel precursor inks. In this study, 1-10 kDa PEG-DMA based hydrogels were characterized by gravimetric and electrochemical methods to investigate the diffusivity of small molecules and proteins. Swelling ratios (SRs) of 14.43-9.24, as well as mesh sizes ξ of 3.58-6.91 nm were calculated, and it was found that the SR correlates with the molar concentration of PEG-DMA in the ink (MCI) (SR = 0.1127 × MCI + 8.3256, R2 = 0.9692) and ξ correlates with the molecular weight (Mw) (ξ = 0.3382 × Mw + 3.638, R2 = 0.9451). To investigate the sensing properties, methylene blue (MB) and MB-conjugated proteins were measured on electrochemical sensors with and without hydrogel coating. It was found that on sensors with 10 kDa PEG-DMA hydrogel modification, the DPV peak currents were reduced to 92 % for MB, 73 % for MB-BSA, and 23 % for MB-IgG. To investigate the diffusion properties of MB(-conjugates) in hydrogels with 1-10 kDa PEG-DMA, diffusivity was calculated from the current equation. It was found that diffusivity increases with increasing ξ. Finally, the release of MB-BSA was detected after drying the MB-BSA-containing hydrogel, which is a promising result for the development of hydrogel-based reagent reservoirs for biosensing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eva Melnik
- Molecular Diagnostics, AIT Austrian Institute of Technology GmbH, 1210 Vienna, Austria; (S.K.); (G.C.M.); (R.H.)
| | - Steffen Kurzhals
- Molecular Diagnostics, AIT Austrian Institute of Technology GmbH, 1210 Vienna, Austria; (S.K.); (G.C.M.); (R.H.)
| | - Giorgio C. Mutinati
- Molecular Diagnostics, AIT Austrian Institute of Technology GmbH, 1210 Vienna, Austria; (S.K.); (G.C.M.); (R.H.)
| | - Valerio Beni
- Bioelectronics and Organic Electronics, Smart Hardware, Digital Systems, RISE Research Institutes of Sweden, 60233 Norrköping, Sweden;
| | - Rainer Hainberger
- Molecular Diagnostics, AIT Austrian Institute of Technology GmbH, 1210 Vienna, Austria; (S.K.); (G.C.M.); (R.H.)
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6
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Li Y, Zhao W, Cheng Z, Sun ZY, Liu H. Structural heterogeneity in tetra-armed gels revealed by computer simulation: Evidence from a graph theory assisted characterization. J Chem Phys 2024; 160:144902. [PMID: 38591682 DOI: 10.1063/5.0198388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2024] [Accepted: 03/19/2024] [Indexed: 04/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Designing homogeneous networks is considered one typical strategy for solving the problem of strength and toughness conflict of polymer network materials. Experimentalists have proposed the hypothesis of obtaining a structurally homogeneous hydrogel by crosslinking tetra-armed polymers, whose homogeneity was claimed to be verified by scattering characterization and other methods. Nevertheless, it is highly desirable to further evaluate this issue from other perspectives. In this study, a coarse-grained molecular dynamics simulation coupled with a stochastic reaction model is applied to reveal the topological structure of a polymer network synthesized by tetra-armed monomers as precursors. Two different scenarios, distinguished by whether internal cross-linking is allowed, are considered. We introduce the Dijkstra algorithm from graph theory to precisely characterize the network structure. The microscopic features of the network structure, e.g., loop size, dispersity, and size distribution, are obtained via the Dijkstra algorithm. By comparing the two reaction scenarios, Scenario II exhibits an overall more idealized structure. Our results demonstrate the feasibility of the Dijkstra algorithm for precisely characterizing the polymer network structure. We expect this work will provide a new insight for the evaluation and description of gel networks and further help to reveal the dynamic process of network formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingxiang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130022, People's Republic of China
- School of Applied Chemistry and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, People's Republic of China
| | - Wenbo Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Theoretical Chemistry of Environment Ministry of Education, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510006, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhiyuan Cheng
- Key Laboratory of Theoretical Chemistry of Environment Ministry of Education, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510006, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhao-Yan Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130022, People's Republic of China
- School of Applied Chemistry and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, People's Republic of China
| | - Hong Liu
- Key Laboratory of Theoretical Chemistry of Environment Ministry of Education, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510006, People's Republic of China
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7
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Liu B, Chen K. Advances in Hydrogel-Based Drug Delivery Systems. Gels 2024; 10:262. [PMID: 38667681 PMCID: PMC11048949 DOI: 10.3390/gels10040262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2024] [Revised: 04/05/2024] [Accepted: 04/10/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Hydrogels, with their distinctive three-dimensional networks of hydrophilic polymers, drive innovations across various biomedical applications. The ability of hydrogels to absorb and retain significant volumes of water, coupled with their structural integrity and responsiveness to environmental stimuli, renders them ideal for drug delivery, tissue engineering, and wound healing. This review delves into the classification of hydrogels based on cross-linking methods, providing insights into their synthesis, properties, and applications. We further discuss the recent advancements in hydrogel-based drug delivery systems, including oral, injectable, topical, and ocular approaches, highlighting their significance in enhancing therapeutic outcomes. Additionally, we address the challenges faced in the clinical translation of hydrogels and propose future directions for leveraging their potential in personalized medicine and regenerative healthcare solutions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Boya Liu
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Kuo Chen
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA 01003, USA
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8
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Fattahi N, Reed J, Heronemus E, Fernando P, Hansen R, Parameswaran P. Polyethylene glycol hydrogel coatings for protection of electroactive bacteria against chemical shocks. Bioelectrochemistry 2024; 156:108595. [PMID: 37976771 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioelechem.2023.108595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2023] [Revised: 10/25/2023] [Accepted: 10/30/2023] [Indexed: 11/19/2023]
Abstract
Loss of bioelectrochemical activity in low resource environments or from chemical toxin exposure is a significant limitation in microbial electrochemical cells (MxCs), necessitating the development of materials that can stabilize and protect electroactive biofilms. Here, polyethylene glycol (PEG) hydrogels were designed as protective coatings over anodic biofilms, and the effect of the hydrogel coatings on biofilm viability under oligotrophic conditions and ammonia-N (NH4+-N) shocks was investigated. Hydrogel deposition occurred through polymerization of PEG divinyl sulfone and PEG tetrathiol precursor molecules, generating crosslinked PEG coatings with long-term hydrolytic stability between pH values of 3 and 10. Simultaneous monitoring of coated and uncoated electrodes co-located within the same MxC anode chamber confirmed that the hydrogel did not compromise biofilm viability, while the coated anode sustained nearly a 4 × higher current density (0.44 A/m2) compared to the uncoated anode (0.12 A/m2) under oligotrophic conditions. Chemical interactions between NH4+-N and PEG hydrogels revealed that the hydrogels provided a diffusive barrier to NH4+-N transport. This enabled PEG-coated biofilms to generate higher current densities during NH4+-N shocks and faster recovery afterwards. These results indicate that PEG-based coatings can expand the non-ideal chemical environments that electroactive biofilms can reliably operate in.
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Affiliation(s)
- Niloufar Fattahi
- Tim Taylor Department of Chemical Engineering, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA
| | - Jeffrey Reed
- Tim Taylor Department of Chemical Engineering, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA
| | - Evan Heronemus
- Department of Civil Engineering, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA
| | - Priyasha Fernando
- Department of Civil Engineering, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA
| | - Ryan Hansen
- Tim Taylor Department of Chemical Engineering, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA.
| | - Prathap Parameswaran
- Department of Civil Engineering, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA.
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9
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Graeber G, Díaz-Marín CD, Gaugler LC, Zhong Y, El Fil B, Liu X, Wang EN. Extreme Water Uptake of Hygroscopic Hydrogels through Maximized Swelling-Induced Salt Loading. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2024; 36:e2211783. [PMID: 37201199 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202211783] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2022] [Revised: 05/12/2023] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Hygroscopic hydrogels are emerging as scalable and low-cost sorbents for atmospheric water harvesting, dehumidification, passive cooling, and thermal energy storage. However, devices using these materials still exhibit insufficient performance, partly due to the limited water vapor uptake of the hydrogels. Here, the swelling dynamics of hydrogels in aqueous lithiumchloride solutions, the implications on hydrogel salt loading, and the resulting vapor uptake of the synthesized hydrogel-salt composites are characterized. By tuning the salt concentration of the swelling solutions and the cross-linking properties of the gels, hygroscopic hydrogels with extremely high salt loadings are synthesized, which enable unprecedented water uptakes of 1.79 and 3.86 gg-1 at relative humidity (RH) of 30% and 70%, respectively. At 30% RH, this exceeds previously reported water uptakes of metal-organic frameworks by over 100% and of hydrogels by 15%, bringing the uptake within 93% of the fundamental limit of hygroscopic salts while avoiding leakage problems common in salt solutions. By modeling the salt-vapor equilibria, the maximum leakage-free RH is elucidated as a function of hydrogel uptake and swelling ratio. These insights guide the design of hydrogels with exceptional hygroscopicity that enable sorption-based devices to tackle water scarcity and the global energy crisis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gustav Graeber
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts, 02139, USA
- Department of Chemistry, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, 12489, Berlin, Germany
| | - Carlos D Díaz-Marín
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts, 02139, USA
| | - Leon C Gaugler
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts, 02139, USA
| | - Yang Zhong
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts, 02139, USA
| | - Bachir El Fil
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts, 02139, USA
| | - Xinyue Liu
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts, 02139, USA
| | - Evelyn N Wang
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts, 02139, USA
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10
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Cai B, Kilian D, Ramos Mejia D, Rios RJ, Ali A, Heilshorn SC. Diffusion-Based 3D Bioprinting Strategies. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2024; 11:e2306470. [PMID: 38145962 PMCID: PMC10885663 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202306470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2023] [Revised: 12/11/2023] [Indexed: 12/27/2023]
Abstract
3D bioprinting has enabled the fabrication of tissue-mimetic constructs with freeform designs that include living cells. In the development of new bioprinting techniques, the controlled use of diffusion has become an emerging strategy to tailor the properties and geometry of printed constructs. Specifically, the diffusion of molecules with specialized functions, including crosslinkers, catalysts, growth factors, or viscosity-modulating agents, across the interface of printed constructs will directly affect material properties such as microstructure, stiffness, and biochemistry, all of which can impact cell phenotype. For example, diffusion-induced gelation is employed to generate constructs with multiple materials, dynamic mechanical properties, and perfusable geometries. In general, these diffusion-based bioprinting strategies can be categorized into those based on inward diffusion (i.e., into the printed ink from the surrounding air, solution, or support bath), outward diffusion (i.e., from the printed ink into the surroundings), or diffusion within the printed construct (i.e., from one zone to another). This review provides an overview of recent advances in diffusion-based bioprinting strategies, discusses emerging methods to characterize and predict diffusion in bioprinting, and highlights promising next steps in applying diffusion-based strategies to overcome current limitations in biofabrication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Betty Cai
- Department of Materials Science and EngineeringStanford University476 Lomita MallStanfordCA94305USA
| | - David Kilian
- Department of Materials Science and EngineeringStanford University476 Lomita MallStanfordCA94305USA
| | - Daniel Ramos Mejia
- Department of Materials Science and EngineeringStanford University476 Lomita MallStanfordCA94305USA
| | - Ricardo J. Rios
- Department of Materials Science and EngineeringStanford University476 Lomita MallStanfordCA94305USA
| | - Ashal Ali
- Department of Materials Science and EngineeringStanford University476 Lomita MallStanfordCA94305USA
| | - Sarah C. Heilshorn
- Department of Materials Science and EngineeringStanford University476 Lomita MallStanfordCA94305USA
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11
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Ou BS, Baillet J, Picece VCT, Gale EC, Powell AE, Saouaf OM, Yan J, Nejatfard A, Lopez Hernandez H, Appel EA. Nanoparticle-Conjugated Toll-Like Receptor 9 Agonists Improve the Potency, Durability, and Breadth of COVID-19 Vaccines. ACS NANO 2024; 18:3214-3233. [PMID: 38215338 PMCID: PMC10832347 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.3c09700] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2023] [Revised: 01/04/2024] [Accepted: 01/09/2024] [Indexed: 01/14/2024]
Abstract
Development of effective vaccines for infectious diseases has been one of the most successful global health interventions in history. Though, while ideal subunit vaccines strongly rely on antigen and adjuvant(s) selection, the mode and time scale of exposure to the immune system has often been overlooked. Unfortunately, poor control over the delivery of many adjuvants, which play a key role in enhancing the quality and potency of immune responses, can limit their efficacy and cause off-target toxicities. There is a critical need for improved adjuvant delivery technologies to enhance their efficacy and boost vaccine performance. Nanoparticles have been shown to be ideal carriers for improving antigen delivery due to their shape and size, which mimic viral structures but have been generally less explored for adjuvant delivery. Here, we describe the design of self-assembled poly(ethylene glycol)-b-poly(lactic acid) nanoparticles decorated with CpG, a potent TLR9 agonist, to increase adjuvanticity in COVID-19 vaccines. By controlling the surface density of CpG, we show that intermediate valency is a key factor for TLR9 activation of immune cells. When delivered with the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein, CpG nanoparticle (CpG-NP) adjuvant greatly improves the magnitude and duration of antibody responses when compared to soluble CpG, and results in overall greater breadth of immunity against variants of concern. Moreover, encapsulation of CpG-NP into injectable polymeric-nanoparticle (PNP) hydrogels enhances the spatiotemporal control over codelivery of CpG-NP adjuvant and spike protein antigen such that a single immunization of hydrogel-based vaccines generates humoral responses comparable to those of a typical prime-boost regimen of soluble vaccines. These delivery technologies can potentially reduce the costs and burden of clinical vaccination, both of which are key elements in fighting a pandemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ben S. Ou
- Department
of Bioengineering, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, United States
| | - Julie Baillet
- Department
of Materials Science & Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, United States
| | - Vittoria C. T.
M. Picece
- Department
of Materials Science & Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, United States
- Department
of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH
Zurich, Zurich 8093, Switzerland
| | - Emily C. Gale
- Department
of Biochemistry, Stanford University School
of Medicine, Stanford, California 94305, United States
| | - Abigail E. Powell
- Department
of Biochemistry, Stanford University School
of Medicine, Stanford, California 94305, United States
- Stanford
ChEM-H, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, United States
| | - Olivia M. Saouaf
- Department
of Materials Science & Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, United States
| | - Jerry Yan
- Department
of Bioengineering, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, United States
| | - Anahita Nejatfard
- Department
of Biochemistry, Stanford University School
of Medicine, Stanford, California 94305, United States
| | - Hector Lopez Hernandez
- Department
of Materials Science & Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, United States
| | - Eric A. Appel
- Department
of Bioengineering, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, United States
- Department
of Materials Science & Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, United States
- Stanford
ChEM-H, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, United States
- Department
of Pediatrics - Endocrinology, Stanford
University School of Medicine, Stanford, California 94305, United States
- Woods
Institute for the Environment, Stanford
University, Stanford, California 94305, United States
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12
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Cruz-Maya I, Schiavone C, Ferraro R, Renkler NZ, Caserta S, Guarino V. Designing Advanced Drug Delivery Systems: Core-Shell Alginate Particles through Electro-Fluid Dynamic Atomization. Pharmaceutics 2024; 16:193. [PMID: 38399251 PMCID: PMC10893386 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics16020193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2023] [Revised: 01/19/2024] [Accepted: 01/26/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Innovations in drug delivery systems are crucial for enhancing therapeutic efficiency. Our research presents a novel approach based on using electro-fluid dynamic atomization (EFDA) to fabricate core-shell monophasic particles (CSMp) from sodium alginate blends of varying molecular weights. This study explores the morphological characteristics of these particles in relation to material properties and process conditions, highlighting their potential in drug delivery applications. A key aspect of our work is the development of a mathematical model that simulates the release kinetics of small molecules, specifically sodium diclofenac. By assessing the diffusion properties of different molecules and gel formulations through transport and rheological models, we have created a predictive tool for evaluating the efficiency of these particles in drug delivery. Our findings underscore two critical, independent parameters for optimizing drug release: the external shell thickness and the diffusivity ratios within the dual layers. This allows for precise control over the timing and intensity of the release profile. This study advances our understanding of EFDA in the fabrication of CSMp and offers promising avenues for enhancing drug delivery systems by tailoring release profiles through particle characteristic manipulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iriczalli Cruz-Maya
- Institute for Polymers, Composites and Biomaterials, National Research Council, 80125 Naples, Italy; (I.C.-M.); (N.Z.R.); (V.G.)
| | - Carmine Schiavone
- Department of Chemical, Materials and Industrial Production Engineering, University of Naples Federico II, 80125 Naples, Italy; (C.S.); (R.F.)
- Mathematics in Medicine Program, Department of Medicine, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Rosalia Ferraro
- Department of Chemical, Materials and Industrial Production Engineering, University of Naples Federico II, 80125 Naples, Italy; (C.S.); (R.F.)
- CEINGE Advanced Biotechnologies, 80131 Napoli, Italy
| | - Nergis Zeynep Renkler
- Institute for Polymers, Composites and Biomaterials, National Research Council, 80125 Naples, Italy; (I.C.-M.); (N.Z.R.); (V.G.)
- Department of Chemical, Materials and Industrial Production Engineering, University of Naples Federico II, 80125 Naples, Italy; (C.S.); (R.F.)
| | - Sergio Caserta
- Department of Chemical, Materials and Industrial Production Engineering, University of Naples Federico II, 80125 Naples, Italy; (C.S.); (R.F.)
- CEINGE Advanced Biotechnologies, 80131 Napoli, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Guarino
- Institute for Polymers, Composites and Biomaterials, National Research Council, 80125 Naples, Italy; (I.C.-M.); (N.Z.R.); (V.G.)
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13
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Graham M, Klinge S. Multiscale homogenisation of diffusion in enzymatically-calcified hydrogels. J Mech Behav Biomed Mater 2024; 149:106244. [PMID: 37988844 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmbbm.2023.106244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2023] [Revised: 11/10/2023] [Accepted: 11/13/2023] [Indexed: 11/23/2023]
Abstract
Hydrogels are a promising class of material in biomedical and industrial applications, where both the mechanical and diffusion properties play an important role. The wide range of polymers that can be used and the different production methods allows these properties to be specifically tuned to a high degree for their application. Producing tough hydrogels with high stiffness has been a long-standing challenge that has recently been addressed by mineralisation methods. Those methods modify the hydrogel into one with a supporting mineral microstructure that is highly heterogeneous. This work investigates methods to determine the macroscopic diffusion behaviour of heterogeneous gels by a homogenisation method implemented in a finite element framework. This is applied to two recently developed materials by calcifying poly-dimethyl-acrylamide (PDMA) and polyacrylamide hydrogels (PAAm). The former has porous, spherical inclusions obstructing diffusion, while the latter has spherical pores enabling it. For both gels the unobstructed volume can be used as the primary parameter to tune the diffusivity. In PDMA the porosity of the obstructions is shown by multiscale analysis to give a strong, non-linear dependence of the diffusivity on the solute molecule radius. The framework is extended to other materials and comparisons are made to experimental works from the literature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marc Graham
- Department Structural Mechanics and Analysis, TU Berlin, Str. des 17. Juni 135, Berlin, 10623, Germany.
| | - Sandra Klinge
- Department Structural Mechanics and Analysis, TU Berlin, Str. des 17. Juni 135, Berlin, 10623, Germany
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14
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Widener AE, Roberts A, Phelps EA. Granular Hydrogels for Harnessing the Immune Response. Adv Healthc Mater 2023:e2303005. [PMID: 38145369 PMCID: PMC11196388 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.202303005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2023] [Revised: 11/13/2023] [Indexed: 12/26/2023]
Abstract
This review aims to understand the current progress in immune-instructive granular hydrogels and identify the key features used as immunomodulatory strategies. Published work is systematically reviewed and relevant information about granular hydrogels used throughout these studies is collected. The base polymer, microgel generation technique, polymer crosslinking chemistry, particle size and shape, annealing strategy, granular hydrogel stiffness, pore size and void space, degradability, biomolecule presentation, and drug release are cataloged for each work. Several granular hydrogel parameters used for immune modulation: porosity, architecture, bioactivity, drug release, cell delivery, and modularity, are identified. The authors found in this review that porosity is the most significant factor influencing the innate immune response to granular hydrogels, while incorporated bioactivity is more significant in influencing adaptive immune responses. Here, the authors' findings and summarized results from each section are presented and suggestions are made for future studies to better understand the benefits of using immune-instructive granular hydrogels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adrienne E Widener
- J. Crayton Pruitt Family Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Florida, 1275 Center Dr., Gainesville, 32611, USA
| | - Abilene Roberts
- J. Crayton Pruitt Family Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Florida, 1275 Center Dr., Gainesville, 32611, USA
| | - Edward A Phelps
- J. Crayton Pruitt Family Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Florida, 1275 Center Dr., Gainesville, 32611, USA
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15
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Zhao Y, Zheng Z, Yu CY, Wei H. Engineered cyclodextrin-based supramolecular hydrogels for biomedical applications. J Mater Chem B 2023; 12:39-63. [PMID: 38078497 DOI: 10.1039/d3tb02101g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2023]
Abstract
Cyclodextrin (CD)-based supramolecular hydrogels are polymer network systems with the ability to rapidly form reversible three-dimensional porous structures through multiple cross-linking methods, offering potential applications in drug delivery. Although CD-based supramolecular hydrogels have been increasingly used in a wide range of applications in recent years, a comprehensive description of their structure, mechanical property modulation, drug loading, delivery, and applications in biomedical fields from a cross-linking perspective is lacking. To provide a comprehensive overview of CD-based supramolecular hydrogels, this review systematically describes their design, regulation of mechanical properties, modes of drug loading and release, and their roles in various biomedical fields, particularly oncology, wound dressing, bone repair, and myocardial tissue engineering. Additionally, this review provides a rational discussion on the current challenges and prospects of CD-based supramolecular hydrogels, which can provide ideas for the rapid development of CD-based hydrogels and foster their translation from the laboratory to clinical medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuqi Zhao
- Hunan Province Cooperative Innovation Center for Molecular Target New Drug Study & School of Pharmaceutical Science, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, 28 W Changsheng Road, Hengyang 421001, Hunan, China.
| | - Zhi Zheng
- Hunan Province Cooperative Innovation Center for Molecular Target New Drug Study & School of Pharmaceutical Science, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, 28 W Changsheng Road, Hengyang 421001, Hunan, China.
| | - Cui-Yun Yu
- Hunan Province Cooperative Innovation Center for Molecular Target New Drug Study & School of Pharmaceutical Science, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, 28 W Changsheng Road, Hengyang 421001, Hunan, China.
| | - Hua Wei
- Hunan Province Cooperative Innovation Center for Molecular Target New Drug Study & School of Pharmaceutical Science, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, 28 W Changsheng Road, Hengyang 421001, Hunan, China.
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16
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Pinelli F, Ponti M, Delleani S, Pizzetti F, Vanoli V, Vangosa FB, Castiglione F, Haugen H, Nogueira LP, Rossetti A, Rossi F, Sacchetti A. β-Cyclodextrin functionalized agarose-based hydrogels for multiple controlled drug delivery of ibuprofen. Int J Biol Macromol 2023; 252:126284. [PMID: 37572821 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.126284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2023] [Revised: 07/28/2023] [Accepted: 08/09/2023] [Indexed: 08/14/2023]
Abstract
Agarose hydrogels are three-dimensional hydrophilic polymeric frameworks characterised by high water content, viscoelastic properties, and excellent ability as cell and drug delivery systems. However, their hydrophilicity as gel systems makes loading of hydrophobic drugs difficult and often ineffective. The incorporation of amphiphilic molecules (e.g. cyclodextrins) into hydrogels as hosts able to form inclusion complexes with hydrophobic drugs could be a possible solution. However, if not properly confined, the host compounds can get out of the network resulting in uncontrolled release. Therefore, in this work, β-cyclodextrins-based host-guest supramolecular hydrogel systems were synthesised, with β-cyclodextrins (β-CD) covalently bound to the polymeric network, preventing leakage of the host molecules. Hydrogels were prepared at two different β-CD-functionalized polyvinyl alcohol (PVA)/agarose ratios, and characterised chemically and physically. Then ibuprofen, a drug often used as a gold standard in studies involving β-CD both in its hydrophilic and hydrophobic forms, was selected to investigate the release behavior of the synthesised hydrogels and the influence of β-CD on the release. The presence of β-CD linked to the polymeric 3D network ensured a higher and prolonged release profile for the hydrophobic drug and also seemed to have some influence on the hydrophilic one.
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Affiliation(s)
- Filippo Pinelli
- Department of Chemistry, Materials and Chemical Engineering "Giulio Natta", Politecnico di Milano, Piazza Leonardo da Vinci 32, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Maddalena Ponti
- Department of Chemistry, Materials and Chemical Engineering "Giulio Natta", Politecnico di Milano, Piazza Leonardo da Vinci 32, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Sara Delleani
- Department of Chemistry, Materials and Chemical Engineering "Giulio Natta", Politecnico di Milano, Piazza Leonardo da Vinci 32, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Fabio Pizzetti
- Department of Chemistry, Materials and Chemical Engineering "Giulio Natta", Politecnico di Milano, Piazza Leonardo da Vinci 32, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Valeria Vanoli
- Department of Chemistry, Materials and Chemical Engineering "Giulio Natta", Politecnico di Milano, Piazza Leonardo da Vinci 32, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Francesco Briatico Vangosa
- Department of Chemistry, Materials and Chemical Engineering "Giulio Natta", Politecnico di Milano, Piazza Leonardo da Vinci 32, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Franca Castiglione
- Department of Chemistry, Materials and Chemical Engineering "Giulio Natta", Politecnico di Milano, Piazza Leonardo da Vinci 32, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Havard Haugen
- Department of Biomaterials, Institute for Clinical Dentistry, University of Oslo, PO Box 1109, Blindern, NO-0317 Oslo, Norway
| | - Liebert P Nogueira
- Oral Research Laboratory, Institute for Clinical Dentistry, University of Oslo, PO Box 1109, Blindern, NO-0317 Oslo, Norway
| | - Arianna Rossetti
- Department of Chemistry, Materials and Chemical Engineering "Giulio Natta", Politecnico di Milano, Piazza Leonardo da Vinci 32, 20133 Milan, Italy.
| | - Filippo Rossi
- Department of Chemistry, Materials and Chemical Engineering "Giulio Natta", Politecnico di Milano, Piazza Leonardo da Vinci 32, 20133 Milan, Italy.
| | - Alessandro Sacchetti
- Department of Chemistry, Materials and Chemical Engineering "Giulio Natta", Politecnico di Milano, Piazza Leonardo da Vinci 32, 20133 Milan, Italy
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17
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Mikhail AS, Morhard R, Mauda-Havakuk M, Kassin M, Arrichiello A, Wood BJ. Hydrogel drug delivery systems for minimally invasive local immunotherapy of cancer. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2023; 202:115083. [PMID: 37673217 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2023.115083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2023] [Revised: 08/27/2023] [Accepted: 09/02/2023] [Indexed: 09/08/2023]
Abstract
Although systemic immunotherapy has achieved durable responses and improved survival for certain patients and cancer types, low response rates and immune system-related systemic toxicities limit its overall impact. Intratumoral (intralesional) delivery of immunotherapy is a promising technique to combat mechanisms of tumor immune suppression within the tumor microenvironment and reduce systemic drug exposure and associated side effects. However, intratumoral injections are prone to variable tumor drug distribution and leakage into surrounding tissues, which can compromise efficacy and contribute to toxicity. Controlled release drug delivery systems such as in situ-forming hydrogels are promising vehicles for addressing these challenges by providing improved spatio-temporal control of locally administered immunotherapies with the goal of promoting systemic tumor-specific immune responses and abscopal effects. In this review we will discuss concepts, applications, and challenges in local delivery of immunotherapy using controlled release drug delivery systems with a focus on intratumorally injected hydrogel-based drug carriers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew S Mikhail
- Center for Interventional Oncology, Radiology and Imaging Sciences, Clinical Center, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.
| | - Robert Morhard
- Center for Interventional Oncology, Radiology and Imaging Sciences, Clinical Center, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Michal Mauda-Havakuk
- Interventional Oncology service, Interventional Radiology, Tel Aviv Sourasky Medical Center, Tel Aviv District, Israel
| | - Michael Kassin
- Center for Interventional Oncology, Radiology and Imaging Sciences, Clinical Center, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | | | - Bradford J Wood
- Center for Interventional Oncology, Radiology and Imaging Sciences, Clinical Center, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
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18
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Kittel Y, Guerzoni LPB, Itzin C, Rommel D, Mork M, Bastard C, Häßel B, Omidinia-Anarkoli A, Centeno SP, Haraszti T, Kim K, Guck J, Kuehne AJC, De Laporte L. Varying the Stiffness and Diffusivity of Rod-Shaped Microgels Independently through Their Molecular Building Blocks. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023; 62:e202309779. [PMID: 37712344 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202309779] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2023] [Revised: 09/13/2023] [Accepted: 09/14/2023] [Indexed: 09/16/2023]
Abstract
Microgels are water-swollen, crosslinked polymers that are widely used as colloidal building blocks in scaffold materials for tissue engineering and regenerative medicine. Microgels can be controlled in their stiffness, degree of swelling, and mesh size depending on their polymer architecture, crosslink density, and fabrication method-all of which influence their function and interaction with the environment. Currently, there is a lack of understanding of how the polymer composition influences the internal structure of soft microgels and how this morphology affects specific biomedical applications. In this report, we systematically vary the architecture and molar mass of polyethylene glycol-acrylate (PEG-Ac) precursors, as well as their concentration and combination, to gain insight in the different parameters that affect the internal structure of rod-shaped microgels. We characterize the mechanical properties and diffusivity, as well as the conversion of acrylate groups during photopolymerization, in both bulk hydrogels and microgels produced from the PEG-Ac precursors. Furthermore, we investigate cell-microgel interaction, and we observe improved cell spreading on microgels with more accessible RGD peptide and with a stiffness in a range of 20 kPa to 50 kPa lead to better cell growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yonca Kittel
- DWI-Leibniz Institute for Interactive Materials e. V., Forckenbeckstraße 50, 52074, Aachen, Germany
- Institute of Technical and Macromolecular Chemistry, RWTH Aachen University, Worringerweg 1-2, 52074, Aachen, Germany
- Institute of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry, Ulm University, Albert-Einstein Allee 11, 89081, Ulm, Germany
| | - Luis P B Guerzoni
- DWI-Leibniz Institute for Interactive Materials e. V., Forckenbeckstraße 50, 52074, Aachen, Germany
- Institute of Technical and Macromolecular Chemistry, RWTH Aachen University, Worringerweg 1-2, 52074, Aachen, Germany
| | - Carolina Itzin
- DWI-Leibniz Institute for Interactive Materials e. V., Forckenbeckstraße 50, 52074, Aachen, Germany
- Institute of Technical and Macromolecular Chemistry, RWTH Aachen University, Worringerweg 1-2, 52074, Aachen, Germany
| | - Dirk Rommel
- DWI-Leibniz Institute for Interactive Materials e. V., Forckenbeckstraße 50, 52074, Aachen, Germany
- Institute of Technical and Macromolecular Chemistry, RWTH Aachen University, Worringerweg 1-2, 52074, Aachen, Germany
| | - Matthias Mork
- DWI-Leibniz Institute for Interactive Materials e. V., Forckenbeckstraße 50, 52074, Aachen, Germany
- Institute of Technical and Macromolecular Chemistry, RWTH Aachen University, Worringerweg 1-2, 52074, Aachen, Germany
| | - Céline Bastard
- DWI-Leibniz Institute for Interactive Materials e. V., Forckenbeckstraße 50, 52074, Aachen, Germany
- Institute of Technical and Macromolecular Chemistry, RWTH Aachen University, Worringerweg 1-2, 52074, Aachen, Germany
- Center for Biohybrid Medical Systems (CBMS), Advanced Materials for Biomedicine (AMB), Institute of Applied Medical Engineering (AME), Forckenbeckstraße 55, 52074, Aachen, Germany
| | - Bernhard Häßel
- DWI-Leibniz Institute for Interactive Materials e. V., Forckenbeckstraße 50, 52074, Aachen, Germany
- Institute of Technical and Macromolecular Chemistry, RWTH Aachen University, Worringerweg 1-2, 52074, Aachen, Germany
| | - Abdolrahman Omidinia-Anarkoli
- DWI-Leibniz Institute for Interactive Materials e. V., Forckenbeckstraße 50, 52074, Aachen, Germany
- Institute of Technical and Macromolecular Chemistry, RWTH Aachen University, Worringerweg 1-2, 52074, Aachen, Germany
| | - Silvia P Centeno
- DWI-Leibniz Institute for Interactive Materials e. V., Forckenbeckstraße 50, 52074, Aachen, Germany
| | - Tamás Haraszti
- DWI-Leibniz Institute for Interactive Materials e. V., Forckenbeckstraße 50, 52074, Aachen, Germany
- Institute of Technical and Macromolecular Chemistry, RWTH Aachen University, Worringerweg 1-2, 52074, Aachen, Germany
| | - Kyoohyun Kim
- Max Planck Institute for the Science of Light and Max-Planck-Zentrum für Physik und Medizin, Staudtstraße 2, 91058, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Jochen Guck
- Max Planck Institute for the Science of Light and Max-Planck-Zentrum für Physik und Medizin, Staudtstraße 2, 91058, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Alexander J C Kuehne
- Institute of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry, Ulm University, Albert-Einstein Allee 11, 89081, Ulm, Germany
| | - Laura De Laporte
- DWI-Leibniz Institute for Interactive Materials e. V., Forckenbeckstraße 50, 52074, Aachen, Germany
- Institute of Technical and Macromolecular Chemistry, RWTH Aachen University, Worringerweg 1-2, 52074, Aachen, Germany
- Center for Biohybrid Medical Systems (CBMS), Advanced Materials for Biomedicine (AMB), Institute of Applied Medical Engineering (AME), Forckenbeckstraße 55, 52074, Aachen, Germany
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19
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Richbourg NR, Peppas NA. Structurally decoupled stiffness and solute transport in multi-arm poly(ethylene glycol) hydrogels. Biomaterials 2023; 301:122272. [PMID: 37573839 PMCID: PMC10785603 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2023.122272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2023] [Revised: 08/01/2023] [Accepted: 08/07/2023] [Indexed: 08/15/2023]
Abstract
Synthetic hydrogels are widely used as artificial 3D environments for cell culture, facilitating the controlled study of cell-environment interactions. However, most hydrogels are limited in their ability to represent the physical properties of biological tissues because stiffness and solute transport properties in hydrogels are closely correlated. Resultingly, experimental investigations of cell-environment interactions in hydrogels are confounded by simultaneous changes in multiple physical properties. Here, we overcame this limitation by simultaneously manipulating four structural parameters to synthesize a library of multi-arm poly (ethylene glycol) (PEG) hydrogel formulations with robustly decoupled stiffness and solute transport. This structural design approach avoids chemical alterations or additions to the network that might have unanticipated effects on encapsulated cells. An algorithm created to statistically evaluate stiffness-transport decoupling within the dataset identified 46 of the 73 synthesized formulations as robustly decoupled. We show that the swollen polymer network model accurately predicts 11 out of 12 structure-property relationships, suggesting that this approach to decoupling stiffness and solute transport in hydrogels is fundamentally validated and potentially broadly applicable. Furthermore, the unprecedented control of hydrogel network structure provided by multi-arm PEG hydrogels confirmed several fundamental modeling assumptions. This study enables nuanced hydrogel design for uncompromised investigation of cell-environment interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathan R Richbourg
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Texas, Austin, TX, 78712, USA.
| | - Nicholas A Peppas
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Texas, Austin, TX, 78712, USA; McKetta Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Texas, Austin, TX, 78712, USA; Division of Molecular Therapeutics and Drug Delivery, College of Pharmacy, University of Texas, Austin, TX, 78712, USA; Departments of Surgery and Pediatrics, Dell Medical School, University of Texas, Austin, TX, 78712, USA.
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20
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Hafeez S, Decarli MC, Aldana A, Ebrahimi M, Ruiter FAA, Duimel H, van Blitterswijk C, Pitet LM, Moroni L, Baker MB. In Situ Covalent Reinforcement of a Benzene-1,3,5-Tricarboxamide Supramolecular Polymer Enables Biomimetic, Tough, and Fibrous Hydrogels and Bioinks. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2023; 35:e2301242. [PMID: 37370137 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202301242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2023] [Revised: 04/25/2023] [Accepted: 05/16/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023]
Abstract
Synthetic hydrogels often lack the load-bearing capacity and mechanical properties of native biopolymers found in tissue, such as cartilage. In natural tissues, toughness is often imparted via the combination of fibrous noncovalent self-assembly with key covalent bond formation. This controlled combination of supramolecular and covalent interactions remains difficult to engineer, yet can provide a clear strategy for advanced biomaterials. Here, a synthetic supramolecular/covalent strategy is investigated for creating a tough hydrogel that embodies the hierarchical fibrous architecture of the extracellular matrix (ECM). A benzene-1,3,5-tricarboxamide (BTA) hydrogelator is developed with synthetically addressable norbornene handles that self-assembles to form a and viscoelastic hydrogel. Inspired by collagen's covalent cross-linking of fibrils, the mechanical properties are reinforced by covalent intra- and interfiber cross-links. At over 90% water, the hydrogels withstand up to 550% tensile strain, 90% compressive strain, and dissipated energy with recoverable hysteresis. The hydrogels are shear-thinning, can be 3D bioprinted with good shape fidelity, and can be toughened via covalent cross-linking. These materials enable the bioprinting of human mesenchymal stromal cell (hMSC) spheroids and subsequent differentiation into chondrogenic tissue. Collectively, these findings highlight the power of covalent reinforcement of supramolecular fibers, offering a strategy for the bottom-up design of dynamic, yet tough, hydrogels and bioinks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shahzad Hafeez
- Department of Complex Tissue Regeneration, MERLN Institute for Technology-Inspired Regenerative Medicine, Maastricht University, P.O. Box 616, Maastricht, 6200 MD, The Netherlands
| | - Monize Caiado Decarli
- Department of Complex Tissue Regeneration, MERLN Institute for Technology-Inspired Regenerative Medicine, Maastricht University, P.O. Box 616, Maastricht, 6200 MD, The Netherlands
| | - Agustina Aldana
- Department of Complex Tissue Regeneration, MERLN Institute for Technology-Inspired Regenerative Medicine, Maastricht University, P.O. Box 616, Maastricht, 6200 MD, The Netherlands
| | - Mahsa Ebrahimi
- Advanced Functional Polymers Group, Department of Chemistry, Institute for Materials Research (IMO), Hasselt University, Martelarenlaan 42, Hasselt, 3500, Belgium
| | - Floor A A Ruiter
- Department of Complex Tissue Regeneration, MERLN Institute for Technology-Inspired Regenerative Medicine, Maastricht University, P.O. Box 616, Maastricht, 6200 MD, The Netherlands
- Department of Cell Biology-Inspired Tissue Engineering, MERLN Institute for Technology- Inspired Regenerative Medicine, Maastricht University, P.O. Box 616, Maastricht, 6200 MD, The Netherlands
| | - Hans Duimel
- Maastricht MultiModal Molecular Imaging Institute, P.O. Box 616, Maastricht, 6200 MD, The Netherlands
| | - Clemens van Blitterswijk
- Department of Complex Tissue Regeneration, MERLN Institute for Technology-Inspired Regenerative Medicine, Maastricht University, P.O. Box 616, Maastricht, 6200 MD, The Netherlands
| | - Louis M Pitet
- Advanced Functional Polymers Group, Department of Chemistry, Institute for Materials Research (IMO), Hasselt University, Martelarenlaan 42, Hasselt, 3500, Belgium
| | - Lorenzo Moroni
- Department of Complex Tissue Regeneration, MERLN Institute for Technology-Inspired Regenerative Medicine, Maastricht University, P.O. Box 616, Maastricht, 6200 MD, The Netherlands
| | - Matthew B Baker
- Department of Complex Tissue Regeneration, MERLN Institute for Technology-Inspired Regenerative Medicine, Maastricht University, P.O. Box 616, Maastricht, 6200 MD, The Netherlands
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21
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Dogan E, Holshue C, Bhusal A, Shukla R, Miri AK. Cell encapsulation in gelatin methacryloyl bioinks impairs microscale diffusion properties. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2023; 11:1193970. [PMID: 37731769 PMCID: PMC10507472 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2023.1193970] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2023] [Accepted: 08/10/2023] [Indexed: 09/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Light-assisted bioprinted gelatin methacryloyl (GelMA) constructs have been used for cell-laden microtissues and organoids. GelMA can be loaded by desired cells, which can regulate the biophysical properties of bioprinted constructs. We study how the degree of methacrylation (MA degree), GelMA mass concentration, and cell density change mass transport properties. We introduce a fluorescent-microscopy-based method of biotransport testing with improved sensitivity compared to the traditional particle tracking methods. The diffusion capacity of GelMA with a higher MA significantly decreased compared to a lower MA. Opposed to a steady range of linear elastic moduli, the diffusion coefficient in GelMA varied when cell densities ranged from 0 to 10 × 106 cells/ml. A comparative study of different cell sizes showed a higher diffusivity coefficient for the case of larger cells. The results of this study can help bioengineers and scientists to better control the biotransport characteristics in light-assisted bioprinted microtissues and organoids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elvan Dogan
- Advanced Biofabrication Laboratory, Department of Biomedical Engineering, New Jersey Institute of Technology, Newark, NJ, United States
| | - Christina Holshue
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Rowan University, Glassboro, NJ, United States
| | - Anant Bhusal
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Rowan University, Glassboro, NJ, United States
| | - Roshni Shukla
- Advanced Biofabrication Laboratory, Department of Biomedical Engineering, New Jersey Institute of Technology, Newark, NJ, United States
| | - Amir K. Miri
- Advanced Biofabrication Laboratory, Department of Biomedical Engineering, New Jersey Institute of Technology, Newark, NJ, United States
- Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, New Jersey Institute of Technology, Newark, NJ, United States
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22
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Foreman K, Tran-Ba KH. Single-Particle Tracking in Poly(Ethylene Glycol) Diacrylate: Probe Size Effect on the Diffusion Behaviors of Nanoparticles in Unentangled Polymer Solutions. J Phys Chem B 2023; 127:7091-7102. [PMID: 37527454 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.3c03499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/03/2023]
Abstract
A thorough understanding of the relevant factors governing the transport of nanoparticles in poly(ethylene glycol) diacrylate (PEGDA) is crucial for many applications utilizing this polymer. Here, single-particle tracking (SPT) was used to systematically investigate the role of the probe size (3-200 nm) on the diffusion behaviors of individual fluorescent nanoparticles in semidilute and unentangled PEGDA solutions. The quantitative assessment of the SPT data via the recorded single-particle trajectories and diffusion coefficients (D) not only showed that the observed probe dynamics in PEGDA were temporally and spatially heterogeneous, but more importantly that the measured D were observed to be significantly reduced (vs in solvent) and strongly size-dependent. We explained these results based on a modified multiscale model for particle diffusion, built upon well-established hydrodynamics and obstruction theories. We furthermore showed that the presence of steric interactions and probe confinement effects in highly crowded, unentangled PEGDA microstructures can lead to deviations in the single-particle displacements from the expected Gaussian behavior, as revealed by the van Hove displacement distributions and the associated non-Gaussian parameters. This study has demonstrated the power of SPT methods in offering an advanced characterization of the transport characteristics in complex polymer structures, overcoming challenges posed by traditional characterization techniques.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathryn Foreman
- Department of Chemistry, Towson University, Towson, Maryland 21252, United States
| | - Khanh-Hoa Tran-Ba
- Department of Chemistry, Towson University, Towson, Maryland 21252, United States
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23
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Lavrentev FV, Shilovskikh VV, Alabusheva VS, Yurova VY, Nikitina AA, Ulasevich SA, Skorb EV. Diffusion-Limited Processes in Hydrogels with Chosen Applications from Drug Delivery to Electronic Components. Molecules 2023; 28:5931. [PMID: 37570901 PMCID: PMC10421015 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28155931] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2023] [Revised: 08/02/2023] [Accepted: 08/03/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Diffusion is one of the key nature processes which plays an important role in respiration, digestion, and nutrient transport in cells. In this regard, the present article aims to review various diffusion approaches used to fabricate different functional materials based on hydrogels, unique examples of materials that control diffusion. They have found applications in fields such as drug encapsulation and delivery, nutrient delivery in agriculture, developing materials for regenerative medicine, and creating stimuli-responsive materials in soft robotics and microrobotics. In addition, mechanisms of release and drug diffusion kinetics as key tools for material design are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Filipp V. Lavrentev
- Infochemistry Scientific Center, ITMO University, 191002 Saint Petersburg, Russia; (V.S.A.); (V.Y.Y.); (A.A.N.); (S.A.U.)
| | - Vladimir V. Shilovskikh
- Laboratory of Polymer and Composite Materials “SmartTextiles”, IRC–X-ray Coherent Optics, Immanuel Kant Baltic Federal University, 236041 Kaliningrad, Russia;
| | - Varvara S. Alabusheva
- Infochemistry Scientific Center, ITMO University, 191002 Saint Petersburg, Russia; (V.S.A.); (V.Y.Y.); (A.A.N.); (S.A.U.)
| | - Veronika Yu. Yurova
- Infochemistry Scientific Center, ITMO University, 191002 Saint Petersburg, Russia; (V.S.A.); (V.Y.Y.); (A.A.N.); (S.A.U.)
| | - Anna A. Nikitina
- Infochemistry Scientific Center, ITMO University, 191002 Saint Petersburg, Russia; (V.S.A.); (V.Y.Y.); (A.A.N.); (S.A.U.)
| | - Sviatlana A. Ulasevich
- Infochemistry Scientific Center, ITMO University, 191002 Saint Petersburg, Russia; (V.S.A.); (V.Y.Y.); (A.A.N.); (S.A.U.)
| | - Ekaterina V. Skorb
- Infochemistry Scientific Center, ITMO University, 191002 Saint Petersburg, Russia; (V.S.A.); (V.Y.Y.); (A.A.N.); (S.A.U.)
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24
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Diehl D, Knott M, Schaumann GE. Purification effects show seed and root mucilage's ability to respond to changing rhizosphere conditions. Biopolymers 2023; 114:e23561. [PMID: 37435955 DOI: 10.1002/bip.23561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2023] [Revised: 06/11/2023] [Accepted: 06/26/2023] [Indexed: 07/13/2023]
Abstract
Mucilage, a polysaccharide-containing hydrogel, is hypothesized to play a key role in the rhizosphere as a self-organized system because it may vary its supramolecular structure with changes in the surrounding solution. However, there is currently limited research on how these changes are reflected in the physical properties of real mucilage. This study examines the role of solutes in maize root, wheat root, chia seed, and flax seed mucilage in relation to their physical properties. Two purification methods, dialysis and ethanol precipitation, were applied to determine the purification yield, cation content, pH, electrical conductivity, surface tension, viscosity, transverse 1 H relaxation time, and contact angle after drying of mucilage before and after purification. The two seed mucilage types contain more polar polymers that are connected to larger assemblies via multivalent cation crosslinks, resulting in a denser network. This is reflected in higher viscosity and water retention ability compared to root mucilage. Seed mucilage also contains fewer surfactants, making them better wettable after drying compared to the two root mucilage types. The root mucilage types, on the other hand, contain smaller polymers or polymer assemblies and become less wettable after drying. However, wettability not only depends on the amount of surfactants but also on their mobility, as well as the strength and mesh size of the network structure. The changes in physical properties and cation composition observed after ethanol precipitation and dialysis suggest that the polymer network of seed mucilage is more stable and specialized in protecting the seeds from unfavorable environmental conditions. In contrast, root mucilage is characterized by fewer cationic interactions and its network relies more on hydrophobic interactions. This allows root mucilage to be more flexible in responding to changing environmental conditions, facilitating nutrient and water exchange between root surfaces and the rhizosphere soil.
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Affiliation(s)
- Doerte Diehl
- Environmental and Soil Chemistry Group, Rheinland-Pfälzische Technische Universität Kaiserslautern Landau, RPTU in Landau, iES Institute for Environmental Sciences, Landau, Germany
| | - Mathilde Knott
- Environmental and Soil Chemistry Group, Rheinland-Pfälzische Technische Universität Kaiserslautern Landau, RPTU in Landau, iES Institute for Environmental Sciences, Landau, Germany
| | - Gabriele E Schaumann
- Environmental and Soil Chemistry Group, Rheinland-Pfälzische Technische Universität Kaiserslautern Landau, RPTU in Landau, iES Institute for Environmental Sciences, Landau, Germany
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25
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Godoy-Gallardo M, Merino-Gómez M, Mateos-Timoneda MA, Eckhard U, Gil FJ, Perez RA. Advanced Binary Guanosine and Guanosine 5'-Monophosphate Cell-Laden Hydrogels for Soft Tissue Reconstruction by 3D Bioprinting. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2023. [PMID: 37319328 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.2c23277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Soft tissue defects or pathologies frequently necessitate the use of biomaterials that provide the volume required for subsequent vascularization and tissue formation as autrografts are not always a feasible alternative. Supramolecular hydrogels represent promising candidates because of their 3D structure, which resembles the native extracellular matrix, and their capacity to entrap and sustain living cells. Guanosine-based hydrogels have emerged as prime candidates in recent years since the nucleoside self-assembles into well-ordered structures like G-quadruplexes by coordinating K+ ions and π-π stacking, ultimately forming an extensive nanofibrillar network. However, such compositions were frequently inappropriate for 3D printing due to material spreading and low shape stability over time. Thus, the present work aimed to develop a binary cell-laden hydrogel capable of ensuring cell survival while providing enough stability to ensure scaffold biointegration during soft tissue reconstruction. For that purpose, a binary hydrogel made of guanosine and guanosine 5'-monophosphate was optimized, rat mesenchymal stem cells were entrapped, and the composition was bioprinted. To further increase stability, the printed structure was coated with hyperbranched polyethylenimine. Scanning electron microscopic studies demonstrated an extensive nanofibrillar network, indicating excellent G-quadruplex formation, and rheological analysis confirmed good printing and thixotropic qualities. Additionally, diffusion tests using fluorescein isothiocyanate labeled-dextran (70, 500, and 2000 kDa) showed that nutrients of various molecular weights may diffuse through the hydrogel scaffold. Finally, cells were evenly distributed throughout the printed scaffold, cell survival was 85% after 21 days, and lipid droplet formation was observed after 7 days under adipogenic conditions, indicating successful differentiation and proper cell functioning. To conclude, such hydrogels may enable the 3D bioprinting of customized scaffolds perfectly matching the respective soft tissue defect, thereby potentially improving the outcome of the tissue reconstruction intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Godoy-Gallardo
- Bioengineering Institute of Technology (BIT), International University of Catalonia (UIC), Carrer de Josep Trueta, Sant Cugat del Vallès, Barcelona 08195, Spain
| | - Maria Merino-Gómez
- Bioengineering Institute of Technology (BIT), International University of Catalonia (UIC), Carrer de Josep Trueta, Sant Cugat del Vallès, Barcelona 08195, Spain
| | - Miguel A Mateos-Timoneda
- Bioengineering Institute of Technology (BIT), International University of Catalonia (UIC), Carrer de Josep Trueta, Sant Cugat del Vallès, Barcelona 08195, Spain
| | - Ulrich Eckhard
- Department of Structural and Molecular Biology, Molecular Biology Institute of Barcelona (IBMB), Higher Scientific Research Council (CSIC), Barcelona Science Park, Baldiri Reixac 15-21, Barcelona 08028, Spain
| | - F Javier Gil
- Bioengineering Institute of Technology (BIT), International University of Catalonia (UIC), Carrer de Josep Trueta, Sant Cugat del Vallès, Barcelona 08195, Spain
| | - Roman A Perez
- Bioengineering Institute of Technology (BIT), International University of Catalonia (UIC), Carrer de Josep Trueta, Sant Cugat del Vallès, Barcelona 08195, Spain
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26
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Hafeez S, Aldana AA, Duimel H, Ruiter FAA, Decarli MC, Lapointe V, van Blitterswijk C, Moroni L, Baker MB. Molecular Tuning of a Benzene-1,3,5-Tricarboxamide Supramolecular Fibrous Hydrogel Enables Control over Viscoelasticity and Creates Tunable ECM-Mimetic Hydrogels and Bioinks. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2023; 35:e2207053. [PMID: 36858040 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202207053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2022] [Revised: 02/13/2023] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Traditional synthetic covalent hydrogels lack the native tissue dynamics and hierarchical fibrous structure found in the extracellular matrix (ECM). These dynamics and fibrous nanostructures are imperative in obtaining the correct cell/material interactions. Consequently, the challenge to engineer functional dynamics in a fibrous hydrogel and recapitulate native ECM properties remains a bottle-neck to biomimetic hydrogel environments. Here, the molecular tuning of a supramolecular benzene-1,3,5-tricarboxamide (BTA) hydrogelator via simple modulation of hydrophobic substituents is reported. This tuning results in fibrous hydrogels with accessible viscoelasticity over 5 orders of magnitude, while maintaining a constant equilibrium storage modulus. BTA hydrogelators are created with systematic variations in the number of hydrophobic carbon atoms, and this is observed to control the viscoelasticity and stress-relaxation timescales in a logarithmic fashion. Some of these BTA hydrogels are shear-thinning, self-healing, extrudable, and injectable, and can be 3D printed into multiple layers. These hydrogels show high cell viability for chondrocytes and human mesenchymal stem cells, establishing their use in tissue engineering applications. This simple molecular tuning by changing hydrophobicity (with just a few carbon atoms) provides precise control over the viscoelasticity and 3D printability in fibrillar hydrogels and can be ported onto other 1D self-assembling structures. The molecular control and design of hydrogel network dynamics can push the field of supramolecular chemistry toward the design of new ECM-mimicking hydrogelators for numerous cell-culture and tissue-engineering applications and give access toward highly biomimetic bioinks for bioprinting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shahzad Hafeez
- Department of Complex Tissue Regeneration, MERLN Institute for Technology-Inspired Regenerative Medicine, Maastricht University, P.O. Box 616, Maastricht, 6200 MD, The Netherlands
| | - Ana A Aldana
- Department of Complex Tissue Regeneration, MERLN Institute for Technology-Inspired Regenerative Medicine, Maastricht University, P.O. Box 616, Maastricht, 6200 MD, The Netherlands
| | - Hans Duimel
- Maastricht MultiModal Molecular Imaging (M4I) Institute, Maastricht University, P.O. Box 616, Maastricht, 6200 MD, The Netherlands
| | - Floor A A Ruiter
- Department of Complex Tissue Regeneration, MERLN Institute for Technology-Inspired Regenerative Medicine, Maastricht University, P.O. Box 616, Maastricht, 6200 MD, The Netherlands
- Department of Cell Biology-Inspired Tissue Engineering, MERLN Institute for Technology-Inspired Regenerative Medicine, Maastricht University, P.O. Box 616, Maastricht, 6200 MD, The Netherlands
| | - Monize Caiado Decarli
- Department of Complex Tissue Regeneration, MERLN Institute for Technology-Inspired Regenerative Medicine, Maastricht University, P.O. Box 616, Maastricht, 6200 MD, The Netherlands
| | - Vanessa Lapointe
- Department of Cell Biology-Inspired Tissue Engineering, MERLN Institute for Technology-Inspired Regenerative Medicine, Maastricht University, P.O. Box 616, Maastricht, 6200 MD, The Netherlands
| | - Clemens van Blitterswijk
- Department of Complex Tissue Regeneration, MERLN Institute for Technology-Inspired Regenerative Medicine, Maastricht University, P.O. Box 616, Maastricht, 6200 MD, The Netherlands
| | - Lorenzo Moroni
- Department of Complex Tissue Regeneration, MERLN Institute for Technology-Inspired Regenerative Medicine, Maastricht University, P.O. Box 616, Maastricht, 6200 MD, The Netherlands
| | - Matthew B Baker
- Department of Complex Tissue Regeneration, MERLN Institute for Technology-Inspired Regenerative Medicine, Maastricht University, P.O. Box 616, Maastricht, 6200 MD, The Netherlands
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27
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Stealey ST, Gaharwar AK, Zustiak SP. Laponite-Based Nanocomposite Hydrogels for Drug Delivery Applications. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2023; 16:821. [PMID: 37375768 DOI: 10.3390/ph16060821] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2023] [Revised: 05/26/2023] [Accepted: 05/29/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Hydrogels are widely used for therapeutic delivery applications due to their biocompatibility, biodegradability, and ability to control release kinetics by tuning swelling and mechanical properties. However, their clinical utility is hampered by unfavorable pharmacokinetic properties, including high initial burst release and difficulty in achieving prolonged release, especially for small molecules (<500 Da). The incorporation of nanomaterials within hydrogels has emerged as viable option as a method to trap therapeutics within the hydrogel and sustain release kinetics. Specifically, two-dimensional nanosilicate particles offer a plethora of beneficial characteristics, including dually charged surfaces, degradability, and enhanced mechanical properties within hydrogels. The nanosilicate-hydrogel composite system offers benefits not obtainable by just one component, highlighting the need for detail characterization of these nanocomposite hydrogels. This review focuses on Laponite, a disc-shaped nanosilicate with diameter of 30 nm and thickness of 1 nm. The benefits of using Laponite within hydrogels are explored, as well as examples of Laponite-hydrogel composites currently being investigated for their ability to prolong the release of small molecules and macromolecules such as proteins. Future work will further characterize the interplay between nanosilicates, hydrogel polymer, and encapsulated therapeutics, and how each of these components affect release kinetics and mechanical properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuel T Stealey
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Saint Louis University, Saint Louis, MO 63103, USA
| | - Akhilesh K Gaharwar
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77433, USA
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28
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Feitor JF, Brazaca LC, Lima AM, Ferreira VG, Kassab G, Bagnato VS, Carrilho E, Cardoso DR. Organ-on-a-Chip for Drug Screening: A Bright Future for Sustainability? A Critical Review. ACS Biomater Sci Eng 2023; 9:2220-2234. [PMID: 37014814 DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.2c01454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/05/2023]
Abstract
Globalization has raised concerns about spreading diseases and emphasized the need for quick and efficient methods for drug screening. Established drug efficacy and toxicity approaches have proven obsolete, with a high failure rate in clinical trials. Organ-on-a-chip has emerged as an essential alternative to outdated techniques, precisely simulating important characteristics of organs and predicting drug pharmacokinetics more ethically and efficiently. Although promising, most organ-on-a-chip devices are still manufactured using principles and materials from the micromachining industry. The abusive use of plastic for traditional drug screening methods and device production should be considered when substituting technologies so that the compensation for the generation of plastic waste can be projected. This critical review outlines recent advances for organ-on-a-chip in the industry and estimates the possibility of scaling up its production. Moreover, it analyzes trends in organ-on-a-chip publications and provides suggestions for a more sustainable future for organ-on-a-chip research and production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jéssica F Feitor
- Instituto de Química de São Carlos, Universidade de São Paulo, 13566-590 São Carlos, SP, Brazil
| | - Laís C Brazaca
- Instituto de Química de São Carlos, Universidade de São Paulo, 13566-590 São Carlos, SP, Brazil
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, 02138 Massachusetts, United States
| | - Amanda M Lima
- Instituto de Química de São Carlos, Universidade de São Paulo, 13566-590 São Carlos, SP, Brazil
| | - Vinícius G Ferreira
- Instituto de Química de São Carlos, Universidade de São Paulo, 13566-590 São Carlos, SP, Brazil
| | - Giulia Kassab
- Instituto de Física de São Carlos, Universidade de São Paulo, 13566-590 São Carlos, SP, Brazil
| | - Vanderlei S Bagnato
- Instituto de Física de São Carlos, Universidade de São Paulo, 13566-590 São Carlos, SP, Brazil
| | - Emanuel Carrilho
- Instituto de Química de São Carlos, Universidade de São Paulo, 13566-590 São Carlos, SP, Brazil
- Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia de Bioanalítica-INCTBio, 13083-970 Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - Daniel R Cardoso
- Instituto de Química de São Carlos, Universidade de São Paulo, 13566-590 São Carlos, SP, Brazil
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29
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Park HH, Choi AA, Xu K. Size-Dependent Suppression of Molecular Diffusivity in Expandable Hydrogels: A Single-Molecule Study. J Phys Chem B 2023; 127:3333-3339. [PMID: 37011131 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.3c00761] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/05/2023]
Abstract
By repurposing the recently popularized expansion microscopy to control the meshwork size of hydrogels, we examine the size-dependent suppression of molecular diffusivity in the resultant tuned hydrogel nanomatrices over a wide range of polymer fractions of ∼0.14-7 wt %. With our recently developed single-molecule displacement/diffusivity mapping (SMdM) microscopy methods, we thus show that with a fixed meshwork size, larger molecules exhibit more impeded diffusion and that, for the same molecule, diffusion is progressively more suppressed as the meshwork size is reduced; this effect is more prominent for the larger molecules. Moreover, we show that the meshwork-induced obstruction of diffusion is uncoupled from the suppression of diffusion due to increased solution viscosities. Thus, the two mechanisms, respectively, being diffuser-size-dependent and independent, may separately scale down molecular diffusivity to produce the final diffusion slowdown in complex systems like the cell.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ha H Park
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Alexander A Choi
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Ke Xu
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
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30
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Curcumin-loaded alginate hydrogels for cancer therapy and wound healing applications: A review. Int J Biol Macromol 2023; 232:123283. [PMID: 36657541 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.123283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2022] [Revised: 12/28/2022] [Accepted: 01/11/2023] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Hydrogels have emerged as a versatile platform for a numerous biomedical application due to their ability to absorb a huge quantity of biofluids. In order to design hydrogels, natural polymers are an attractive option owing to their biocompatibility and biodegradability. Due to abundance in occurrence, cost effectiveness, and facile crosslinking approaches, alginate has been extensively investigated to fabricate hydrogel matrix. Management of cancer and chronic wounds have always been a challenge for pharmaceutical and healthcare sector. In both cases, curcumin have been shown significant improvement and effectiveness. However, the innate restraints like poor bioavailability, hydrophobicity, and rapid systemic clearance associated with curcumin have restricted its clinical translations. The current review explores the cascade of research around curcumin encapsulated alginate hydrogel matrix for wound healing and cancer therapy. The focus of the review is to emphasize the mechanistic effects of curcumin with its fate inside the cells. Further, the review discusses different approaches to designed curcumin loaded alginate hydrogels along with the parameters that regulates their release behavior. Finally, the review is concluded with emphasize on some key aspect on increasing the efficacy of these hydrogels along with novel strategies to further develop curcumin loaded alginate hydrogel matrix with multifacet applications.
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31
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Zhao N, Yu Z, Huang J, Liu Y, Zhao Y, Fu X, Yang P, Liu K. Non-invasive monitoring of biochemicals in hydrogel-assisted microfluidic chips. NANOSCALE 2023; 15:6179-6186. [PMID: 36912469 DOI: 10.1039/d2nr06042f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Microfluidic chips are prevailingly utilized in biochemical monitoring and clinical diagnostics due to their capability of manipulating minuscule amounts of liquids in a highly integrated manner. Fabrication of microchannels on chips is commonly based on glass or polydimethylsiloxane, and sensing of the fluids and biochemicals within them relies on invasive embedded sensing accessories in the channels. In this study, we propose a hydrogel-assisted microfluidic chip for non-invasive monitoring of chemicals in microfluidics. A nanoporous hydrogel acts as a perfect sealing film on top of a microchannel to encapsulate liquid, and allows for the delivery of target biochemicals to its surface, leaving an open window for non-invasive analysis. This functionally "open" microchannel can be integrated with various electrical, electrochemical, and optical methods to realize accurate detection of biochemicals, suggesting the potential of hydrogel microfluidic chips for non-invasive clinical diagnostics and smart healthcare.
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Affiliation(s)
- Na Zhao
- MOE Key Laboratory of Hydraulic Machinery Transients, School of Power and Mechanical Engineering, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China.
| | - Zehua Yu
- MOE Key Laboratory of Hydraulic Machinery Transients, School of Power and Mechanical Engineering, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China.
| | - Jun Huang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Hydraulic Machinery Transients, School of Power and Mechanical Engineering, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China.
| | - Yuxi Liu
- MOE Key Laboratory of Hydraulic Machinery Transients, School of Power and Mechanical Engineering, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China.
| | - Yifan Zhao
- MOE Key Laboratory of Hydraulic Machinery Transients, School of Power and Mechanical Engineering, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China.
| | - Xiangqian Fu
- MOE Key Laboratory of Hydraulic Machinery Transients, School of Power and Mechanical Engineering, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China.
| | - Peihua Yang
- Institute of Technological Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Kang Liu
- MOE Key Laboratory of Hydraulic Machinery Transients, School of Power and Mechanical Engineering, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China.
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32
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Koh I, Hagiwara M. Gradient to sectioning CUBE workflow for the generation and imaging of organoids with localized differentiation. Commun Biol 2023; 6:299. [PMID: 36944757 PMCID: PMC10030548 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-023-04694-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2022] [Accepted: 03/10/2023] [Indexed: 03/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Advancements in organoid culture have led to various in vitro mini-organs that mimic native tissues in many ways. Yet, the bottleneck remains to generate complex organoids with body axis patterning, as well as keeping the orientation of organoids during post-experiment analysis processes. Here, we present a workflow for culturing organoids with morphogen gradient using a CUBE culture device, followed by sectioning samples with the CUBE to retain information on gradient direction. We show that hiPSC spheroids cultured with two separated differentiation media on opposing ends of the CUBE resulted in localized expressions of the respective differentiation markers, in contrast to homogeneous distribution of markers in controls. We also describe the processes for cryo and paraffin sectioning of spheroids in CUBE to retain gradient orientation information. This workflow from gradient culture to sectioning with CUBE can provide researchers with a convenient tool to generate increasingly complex organoids and study their developmental processes in vitro.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabel Koh
- Cluster for Pioneering Research, RIKEN, Saitama, 351-0198, Japan
| | - Masaya Hagiwara
- Cluster for Pioneering Research, RIKEN, Saitama, 351-0198, Japan.
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33
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Natesan PV, Banerjee SS, Arunachalakasi A, Swaminathan R. Analysis of diffusion of plant metabolites from polyethylene glycol hydrogels using free volume theory. Proc Inst Mech Eng H 2023:9544119231162772. [PMID: 36939171 DOI: 10.1177/09544119231162772] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/21/2023]
Abstract
The present work aims to comprehensively analyze the diffusion of plant metabolites from the polyethylene glycol (PEG) hydrogels for controlled release applications. For this study, a mathematical model based on free volume theory has been utilized to simulate the diffusion of low molecular weight plant metabolites. The results demonstrate that the mesh size of the crosslinked network, thereby the diffusion coefficient of the natural compound can be computed using the current framework. The proposed model has also been validated using the experimental data. The diffusion period has been observed to vary within a wide range of 3.42 h for Cinnamaldehyde to 49.25 h for Grandinin. An empirical parametric relationship between the diffusion time and molecular weight of both the hydrogels and natural compounds is established. It appears that the reported modeling approach will be clinically useful for improving the design of the sustained drug delivery systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pooja Vardhini Natesan
- Biomedical Engineering Group, Department of Applied Mechanics, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai, India
| | - Shib Sundar Banerjee
- Biomedical Engineering Group, Department of Applied Mechanics, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai, India
| | - Arockiarajan Arunachalakasi
- Solid Mechanics Division, Department of Applied Mechanics, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai, India
| | - Ramakrishnan Swaminathan
- Biomedical Engineering Group, Department of Applied Mechanics, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai, India
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34
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Clegg JR, Peppas NA. Design of Synthetic Hydrogel Compositions for Noncovalent Protein Recognition. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2023. [PMID: 36912849 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.2c20857] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Multifunctional hydrogels composed of segments with ionizable, hydrophilic, and hydrophobic monomers have been optimized for sensing, bioseparation, and therapeutic applications. While the "biological identity" of bound proteins from biofluids underlies device performance in each context, design rules that predict protein binding outcomes from hydrogel design parameters are lacking. Uniquely, hydrogel designs that influence protein affinity (e.g., ionizable monomers, hydrophobic moieties, conjugated ligands, cross-linking) also affect physical properties (e.g., matrix stiffness, volumetric swelling). Here, we evaluated the influence of hydrophobic comonomer steric bulk and quantity on the protein recognition characteristics of ionizable microscale hydrogels (microgels) while controlling for swelling. Using a library synthesis approach, we identified compositions that balance the practical balance between protein-microgel affinity and the loaded mass at saturation. Intermediate quantities (10-30 mol %) of hydrophobic comonomer increased the equilibrium binding of certain model proteins (lysozyme, lactoferrin) in buffer conditions that favored complementary electrostatic interactions. Solvent-accessible surface area analysis of model proteins identified arginine content as highly predictive of model proteins' binding to our library of hydrogels containing acidic and hydrophobic comonomers. Taken together, we established an empirical framework for characterizing the molecular recognition properties of multifunctional hydrogels. Our study is the first to identify solvent-accessible arginine as an important predictor for protein binding to hydrogels containing both acidic and hydrophobic subunits.
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Affiliation(s)
- John R Clegg
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, United States
| | - Nicholas A Peppas
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, United States
- McKetta Department of Chemical Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, United States
- Institute for Biomaterials, Drug Delivery, and Regenerative Medicine, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, United States
- Division of Molecular Pharmaceutics and Drug Delivery, College of Pharmacy, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, United States
- Department of Surgery and Perioperative Care and Department of Pediatrics, Dell Medical School, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, United States
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35
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Lee WS, Enomoto T, Akimoto AM, Yoshida R. Fabrication of submillimeter-sized spherical self-oscillating gels and control of their isotropic volumetric oscillatory behaviors. SOFT MATTER 2023; 19:1772-1781. [PMID: 36779908 DOI: 10.1039/d2sm01604d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
In this study, we established a fabrication method and analyzed the volumetric self-oscillatory behaviors of submillimeter-sized spherical self-oscillating gels. We validated that the manufactured submillimeter-sized spherical self-oscillating gels exhibited isotropic volumetric oscillations during the Belousov-Zhabotinsky (BZ) reaction. In addition, we experimentally elucidated that the volumetric self-oscillatory behaviors (i.e., period and amplitude) and the oscillatory profiles depended on the following parameters: (1) the molar composition of N-(3-aminopropyl)methacrylamide hydrochloride (NAPMAm) in the gels and (2) the concentration of Ru(bpy)3-NHS solution containing an active ester group on conjugation. These clarified relationships imply that controlling the amount of Ru(bpy)3 in the gel network could influence the gel volumetric oscillation during the BZ reaction. These results of submillimeter-sized and spherical self-oscillating gels bridge knowledge gaps in the current field because the gels with corresponding sizes and shapes have not been systematically explored yet. Therefore, our study could be a cornerstone for diverse applications of (self-powered) gels in various scales and shapes, including soft actuators exhibiting life-like functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Won Seok Lee
- Department of Materials Engineering, School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan.
| | - Takafumi Enomoto
- Department of Materials Engineering, School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan.
| | - Aya Mizutani Akimoto
- Department of Materials Engineering, School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan.
| | - Ryo Yoshida
- Department of Materials Engineering, School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan.
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36
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Merino-Gómez M, Gil J, Perez RA, Godoy-Gallardo M. Polydopamine Incorporation Enhances Cell Differentiation and Antibacterial Properties of 3D-Printed Guanosine-Borate Hydrogels for Functional Tissue Regeneration. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24044224. [PMID: 36835636 PMCID: PMC9964593 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24044224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2023] [Revised: 01/23/2023] [Accepted: 01/25/2023] [Indexed: 02/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Tissue engineering focuses on the development of materials as biosubstitutes that can be used to regenerate, repair, or replace damaged tissues. Alongside this, 3D printing has emerged as a promising technique for producing implants tailored to specific defects, which in turn increased the demand for new inks and bioinks. Especially supramolecular hydrogels based on nucleosides such as guanosine have gained increasing attention due to their biocompatibility, good mechanical characteristics, tunable and reversible properties, and intrinsic self-healing capabilities. However, most existing formulations exhibit insufficient stability, biological activity, or printability. To address these limitations, we incorporated polydopamine (PDA) into guanosine-borate (GB) hydrogels and developed a PGB hydrogel with maximal PDA incorporation and good thixotropic and printability qualities. The resulting PGB hydrogels exhibited a well-defined nanofibrillar network, and we found that PDA incorporation increased the hydrogel's osteogenic activity while having no negative effect on mammalian cell survival or migration. In contrast, antimicrobial activity was observed against the Gram-positive bacteria Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis. Thus, our findings suggest that our PGB hydrogel represents a significantly improved candidate as a 3D-printed scaffold capable of sustaining living cells, which may be further functionalized by incorporating other bioactive molecules for enhanced tissue integration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Merino-Gómez
- Bioengineering Institute of Technology (BIT), International University of Catalonia (UIC), Carrer de Josep Trueta, Sant Cugat del Vallès, 08195 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Javier Gil
- Bioengineering Institute of Technology (BIT), International University of Catalonia (UIC), Carrer de Josep Trueta, Sant Cugat del Vallès, 08195 Barcelona, Spain
- Department of Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, International University of Catalonia (UIC), Carrer de Josep Trueta, Sant Cugat del Vallès, 08195 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Roman A. Perez
- Bioengineering Institute of Technology (BIT), International University of Catalonia (UIC), Carrer de Josep Trueta, Sant Cugat del Vallès, 08195 Barcelona, Spain
- Correspondence: (R.A.P.); (M.G.-G.); Tel.: +34-935-042-000 (ext. 5826) (R.A.P. & M.G.-G.)
| | - Maria Godoy-Gallardo
- Bioengineering Institute of Technology (BIT), International University of Catalonia (UIC), Carrer de Josep Trueta, Sant Cugat del Vallès, 08195 Barcelona, Spain
- Correspondence: (R.A.P.); (M.G.-G.); Tel.: +34-935-042-000 (ext. 5826) (R.A.P. & M.G.-G.)
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Ruiter FAA, King J, Swapnasrita S, Giselbrecht S, Truckenmüller R, LaPointe VLS, Baker MB, Carlier A. Optimization of Media Change Intervals through Hydrogels Using Mathematical Models. Biomacromolecules 2023; 24:604-612. [PMID: 36724373 PMCID: PMC9930106 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.2c00961] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Three-dimensional cell culture in engineered hydrogels is increasingly used in tissue engineering and regenerative medicine. The transfer of nutrients, gases, and waste materials through these hydrogels is of utmost importance for cell viability and response, yet the translation of diffusion coefficients into practical guidelines is not well established. Here, we combined mathematical modeling, fluorescent recovery after photobleaching, and hydrogel diffusion experiments on cell culture inserts to provide a multiscale practical approach for diffusion. We observed a dampening effect of the hydrogel that slowed the response to concentration changes and the creation of a diffusion gradient in the hydrogel by media refreshment. Our designed model combined with measurements provides a practical point of reference for diffusion coefficients in real-world culture conditions, enabling more informed choices on hydrogel culture conditions. This model can be improved in the future to simulate more complicated intrinsic hydrogel properties and study the effects of secondary interactions on the diffusion of analytes through the hydrogel.
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Affiliation(s)
- Floor A A Ruiter
- MERLN Institute for Technology-Inspired Regenerative Medicine, Department of Cell Biology-Inspired Tissue Engineering, Maastricht University, P.O. Box 616, 6200 MD Maastricht, the Netherlands.,MERLN Institute for Technology-Inspired Regenerative Medicine, Department of Complex Tissue Regeneration, Maastricht University, P.O. Box 616, 6200 MD Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Jasia King
- MERLN Institute for Technology-Inspired Regenerative Medicine, Department of Cell Biology-Inspired Tissue Engineering, Maastricht University, P.O. Box 616, 6200 MD Maastricht, the Netherlands.,MERLN Institute for Technology-Inspired Regenerative Medicine, Department of Instructive Biomaterials Engineering, Maastricht University, P.O. Box 616, 6200 MD Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Sangita Swapnasrita
- MERLN Institute for Technology-Inspired Regenerative Medicine, Department of Cell Biology-Inspired Tissue Engineering, Maastricht University, P.O. Box 616, 6200 MD Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Stefan Giselbrecht
- MERLN Institute for Technology-Inspired Regenerative Medicine, Department of Instructive Biomaterials Engineering, Maastricht University, P.O. Box 616, 6200 MD Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Roman Truckenmüller
- MERLN Institute for Technology-Inspired Regenerative Medicine, Department of Instructive Biomaterials Engineering, Maastricht University, P.O. Box 616, 6200 MD Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Vanessa L S LaPointe
- MERLN Institute for Technology-Inspired Regenerative Medicine, Department of Cell Biology-Inspired Tissue Engineering, Maastricht University, P.O. Box 616, 6200 MD Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Matthew B Baker
- MERLN Institute for Technology-Inspired Regenerative Medicine, Department of Complex Tissue Regeneration, Maastricht University, P.O. Box 616, 6200 MD Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Aurélie Carlier
- MERLN Institute for Technology-Inspired Regenerative Medicine, Department of Cell Biology-Inspired Tissue Engineering, Maastricht University, P.O. Box 616, 6200 MD Maastricht, the Netherlands
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Richbourg NR, Peppas NA. Solute diffusion and partitioning in multi-arm poly(ethylene glycol) hydrogels. J Mater Chem B 2023; 11:377-388. [PMID: 36511476 DOI: 10.1039/d2tb02004a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
Controlling solute transport in hydrogels is critical for numerous chemical separation applications, tissue engineering, and drug delivery systems. In previous review work, we have pointed out that proposed theoretical models and associated experiments tend to oversimplify the influence of the hydrogel structure on solute transport by addressing only the effects of the polymer volume fraction and mesh size of the networks on solute transport. Here, we reexamine these models by experimenting with a library of multi-arm poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) hydrogels with simultaneous variations in four independent structural parameters. Standardized, high-throughput fluorescence recovery after photobleaching (FRAP) experiments in hydrogels characterize size-dependent solute diffusion and partitioning in each hydrogel formulation. Solute diffusivity dependence on junction functionality shows an influence from network geometry that is not addressed by mesh size-based models, experimentally validating the use of the geometry-responsive mesh radius in solute diffusivity modeling. Furthermore, the Richbourg-Peppas swollen polymer network (SPN) model accurately predicts how three of the four structural parameters affect solute diffusivity in hydrogels. Comparison with the large pore effective medium (LPEM) model showed that the SPN model better predicts solute size and hydrogel structure effects on diffusivity. This study provides a framework for investigating solute transport in hydrogels that will continue to improve hydrogel design for tissue engineering and drug delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathan R Richbourg
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Texas, Austin, TX, 78712, USA.
| | - Nicholas A Peppas
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Texas, Austin, TX, 78712, USA. .,McKetta Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Texas, Austin, TX, 78712, USA.,Division of Molecular Therapeutics and Drug Delivery, College of Pharmacy, University of Texas, Austin, TX, 78712, USA.,Departments of Surgery and Pediatrics, Dell Medical School, University of Texas, Austin, TX, 78712, USA
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Pietryga K, Reczyńska-Kolman K, Reseland JE, Haugen H, Larreta-Garde V, Pamuła E. Biphasic monolithic osteochondral scaffolds obtained by diffusion-limited enzymatic mineralization of gellan gum hydrogel. Biocybern Biomed Eng 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbe.2022.12.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
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Yu Y, Yu T, Wang X, Liu D. Functional Hydrogels and Their Applications in Craniomaxillofacial Bone Regeneration. Pharmaceutics 2022; 15:pharmaceutics15010150. [PMID: 36678779 PMCID: PMC9864650 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15010150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2022] [Revised: 12/26/2022] [Accepted: 12/28/2022] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Craniomaxillofacial bone defects are characterized by an irregular shape, bacterial and inflammatory environment, aesthetic requirements, and the need for the functional recovery of oral-maxillofacial areas. Conventional clinical treatments are currently unable to achieve high-quality craniomaxillofacial bone regeneration. Hydrogels are a class of multifunctional platforms made of polymers cross-linked with high water content, good biocompatibility, and adjustable physicochemical properties for the intelligent delivery of goods. These characteristics make hydrogel systems a bright prospect for clinical applications in craniomaxillofacial bone. In this review, we briefly demonstrate the properties of hydrogel systems that can come into effect in the field of bone regeneration. In addition, we summarize the hydrogel systems that have been developed for craniomaxillofacial bone regeneration in recent years. Finally, we also discuss the prospects in the field of craniomaxillofacial bone tissue engineering; these discussions can serve as an inspiration for future hydrogel design.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Yu
- Department of Orthodontics, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Beijing 100081, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & National Engineering Laboratory for Digital and Material Technology of Stomatology, Beijing 100081, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Digital Stomatology, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Tingting Yu
- Department of Orthodontics, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Beijing 100081, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & National Engineering Laboratory for Digital and Material Technology of Stomatology, Beijing 100081, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Digital Stomatology, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Xing Wang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
- Correspondence: (X.W.); (D.L.)
| | - Dawei Liu
- Department of Orthodontics, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Beijing 100081, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & National Engineering Laboratory for Digital and Material Technology of Stomatology, Beijing 100081, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Digital Stomatology, Beijing 100081, China
- Correspondence: (X.W.); (D.L.)
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41
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Advanced Formulations/Drug Delivery Systems for Subcutaneous Delivery of Protein-Based Biotherapeutics. J Pharm Sci 2022; 111:2968-2982. [PMID: 36058255 DOI: 10.1016/j.xphs.2022.08.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2022] [Revised: 08/29/2022] [Accepted: 08/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Multiple advanced formulations and drug delivery systems (DDSs) have been developed to deliver protein-based biotherapeutics via the subcutaneous (SC) route. These formulations/DDSs include high-concentration solution, co-formulation of two or more proteins, large volume injection, protein cluster/complex, suspension, nanoparticle, microparticle, and hydrogel. These advanced systems provide clinical benefits related to efficacy and safety, but meanwhile, have more complicated formulations and manufacturing processes compared to conventional solution formulations. To develop a fit-for-purpose formulation/DDS for SC delivery, scientists need to consider multiple factors, such as the primary indication, targeted site, immunogenicity, compatibility, biopharmaceutics, patient compliance, etc. Next, they need to develop appropriate formulation (s) and manufacturing processes using the QbD principle and have a control strategy. This paper aims to provide a comprehensive review of advanced formulations/DDSs recently developed for SC delivery of proteins, as well as some knowledge gaps and potential strategies to narrow them through future research.
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42
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Vanoli V, Delleani S, Casalegno M, Pizzetti F, Makvandi P, Haugen H, Mele A, Rossi F, Castiglione F. Hyaluronic acid-based hydrogels: Drug diffusion investigated by HR-MAS NMR and release kinetics. Carbohydr Polym 2022; 301:120309. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2022.120309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2022] [Revised: 10/17/2022] [Accepted: 11/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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43
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Amiri S, Nezamdoost-Sani N, Mostashari P, McClements DJ, Marszałek K, Mousavi Khaneghah A. Effect of the molecular structure and mechanical properties of plant-based hydrogels in food systems to deliver probiotics: an updated review. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2022; 64:2130-2156. [PMID: 36121429 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2022.2121260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Probiotic products' economic value and market popularity have grown over time as more people discover their health advantages and adopt healthier lifestyles. There is a significant societal and cultural interest in these products known as foods or medicines. Products containing probiotics that claim to provide health advantages must maintain a "minimum therapeutic" level (107-106 CFU/g) of bacteria during their entire shelf lives. Since probiotic bacteria are susceptible to degradation and reduction by physical and chemical conditions (including acidity, natural antimicrobial agents, nutrient contents, redox potential, temperature, water activity, the existence of other bacteria, and sensitivity to metabolites), the most challenging problem for a food manufacturer is ensuring probiotic cells' survival and stability enhancement throughout the manufacturing stage. Currently, the use of plant-based hydrogels for improved and targeted probiotic delivery has gained substantial attention as a potential approach to overcoming the mentioned restrictions. To achieve the best possible results from hydrogels, whether used as a coating for encapsulated probiotics (with the goal of stomach protection) or as carriers for direct encapsulation of live microorganisms should be applied kind of procedures that ensure high bacterial survival during hydrogels application. This paper summarizes polysaccharides, proteins, and lipid-based hydrogels as carriers of encapsulated probiotics in delivery systems, reviews their structures, analyzes their advantages and disadvantages, studies their mechanical characteristics, and draws comparisons between them. The discussion then turns to how the criterion affects encapsulation, applications, and future possibilities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saber Amiri
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Faculty of Agriculture, Urmia University, Urmia, Iran
| | - Narmin Nezamdoost-Sani
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Faculty of Agriculture, Urmia University, Urmia, Iran
| | - Parisa Mostashari
- Department of Food Science and Technology, National Nutrition and Food Technology Research Institute, Faculty of Nutrition Sciences and Food Technology, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Krystian Marszałek
- Department of Fruit and Vegetable Product Technology, Prof. Wacław Dąbrowski Institute of Agricultural and Food Biotechnology, State Research Institute, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Amin Mousavi Khaneghah
- Department of Fruit and Vegetable Product Technology, Prof. Wacław Dąbrowski Institute of Agricultural and Food Biotechnology, State Research Institute, Warsaw, Poland
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Amsden BG. Hydrogel Mesh Size and Its Impact on Predictions of Mathematical Models of the Solute Diffusion Coefficient. Macromolecules 2022. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.2c01443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Brian G. Amsden
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Queen’s University, Kingston, ON, Canada K7L 3N6
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45
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Dimmitt NH, Arkenberg MR, de Lima Perini MM, Li J, Lin CC. Hydrolytically Degradable PEG-Based Inverse Electron Demand Diels-Alder Click Hydrogels. ACS Biomater Sci Eng 2022; 8:4262-4273. [PMID: 36074814 PMCID: PMC9554872 DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.2c00714] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
![]()
Hydrogels cross-linked by inverse electron demand Diels–Alder
(iEDDA) click chemistry are increasingly used in biomedical applications.
With a few exceptions in naturally derived and chemically modified
macromers, iEDDA click hydrogels exhibit long-term hydrolytic stability,
and no synthetic iEDDA click hydrogels can undergo accelerated and
tunable hydrolytic degradation. We have previously reported a novel
method for synthesizing norbornene (NB)-functionalized multiarm poly(ethylene
glycol) (PEG), where carbic anhydride (CA) was used to replace 5-norbornene-2-carboxylic
acid. The new PEGNBCA-based thiol-norbornene hydrogels
exhibited unexpected fast yet highly tunable hydrolytic degradation.
In this contribution, we leveraged the new PEGNBCA macromer
for forming iEDDA click hydrogels with [methyl]tetrazine ([m]Tz)-modified
macromers, leading to the first group of synthetic iEDDA click hydrogels
with highly tunable hydrolytic degradation kinetics. We further exploited
Tz and mTz dual conjugation to achieve tunable hydrolytic degradation
with an in vitro degradation time ranging from 2 weeks to 3 months.
Finally, we demonstrated the excellent in vitro cytocompatibility
and in vivo biocompatibility of the new injectable PEGNBCA-based iEDDA click cross-linked hydrogels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathan H Dimmitt
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Purdue School of Engineering & Technology, Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis, Indianapolis, Indiana 46202, United States
| | - Matthew R Arkenberg
- Weldon School of Biomedical Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
| | - Mariana Moraes de Lima Perini
- Department of Biology, Purdue School of Science, Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis, Indianapolis, Indiana 46202, United States
| | - Jiliang Li
- Department of Biology, Purdue School of Science, Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis, Indianapolis, Indiana 46202, United States
| | - Chien-Chi Lin
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Purdue School of Engineering & Technology, Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis, Indianapolis, Indiana 46202, United States
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Zheng Y, Huo R, Su M. Shrinkable Hydrogel-Enhanced Biomarker Detection with X-ray Fluorescent Nanoparticles. NANOMATERIALS 2022; 12:nano12142412. [PMID: 35889638 PMCID: PMC9317535 DOI: 10.3390/nano12142412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2022] [Revised: 06/30/2022] [Accepted: 07/08/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
This paper reports a new method to enhance the sensitivity of nanoparticle-based protein detection with X-ray fluorescence by exploiting the large volume reduction of hydrogel upon dehydration. A carboxylated agarose hydrogel with uniaxial microchannels is used to allow rapid diffusion of nanoparticles and biomolecules into the hydrogel and water molecules out of the hydrogel. Carboxylated hydrogels are modified to capture protein biomarkers and X-ray fluorescence nanoparticles (iron oxide nanoparticles) are modified with antibodies that are specific to protein biomarkers. The presence of protein biomarkers in solution binds the nanoparticles on the hydrogel channels. The dehydration of hydrogels leads to a size reduction of over 80 times, which increases the number of nanoparticles in the interaction volume of the primary X-ray beam and the intensity of characteristic X-ray fluorescence signal. A detection limit of 2 μg/mL for protein detection has been established by determining the number of nanoparticles using X-ray fluorescence.
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Correa S, Grosskopf AK, Klich JH, Hernandez HL, Appel EA. Injectable Liposome-based Supramolecular Hydrogels for the Programmable Release of Multiple Protein Drugs. MATTER 2022; 5:1816-1838. [PMID: 35800848 PMCID: PMC9255852 DOI: 10.1016/j.matt.2022.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Directing biological functions is at the heart of next-generation biomedical initiatives in tissue and immuno-engineering. However, the ambitious goal of engineering complex biological networks requires the ability to precisely perturb specific signaling pathways at distinct times and places. Using lipid nanotechnology and the principles of supramolecular self-assembly, we developed an injectable liposomal nanocomposite hydrogel platform to precisely control the release of multiple protein drugs. By integrating modular lipid nanotechnology into a hydrogel, we introduced multiple mechanisms of release based on liposome surface chemistry. To validate the utility of this system for multi-protein delivery, we demonstrated synchronized, sustained, and localized release of IgG antibody and IL-12 cytokine in vivo, despite the significant size differences between these two proteins. Overall, liposomal hydrogels are a highly modular platform technology with the ability the mediate orthogonal modes of protein release and the potential to precisely coordinate biological cues both in vitro and in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Santiago Correa
- Department of Materials Science & Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
- These authors contributed equally
| | - Abigail K. Grosskopf
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
- These authors contributed equally
| | - John H. Klich
- Department of Bioengineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Hector Lopez Hernandez
- Department of Materials Science & Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Eric A. Appel
- Department of Materials Science & Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
- Department of Bioengineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
- ChEM-H Institute, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
- Department of Pediatrics – Endocrinology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
- Woods Institute for the Environment, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
- Lead contact
- To whom correspondence should be addressed;
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Braegelman AS, Ollier RC, Su B, Addonizio CJ, Zou L, Cole SL, Webber MJ. Macromolecular Solute Transport in Supramolecular Hydrogels Spanning Dynamic to Quasi-Static States. ACS APPLIED BIO MATERIALS 2022; 5:10.1021/acsabm.2c00165. [PMID: 35623099 PMCID: PMC10019485 DOI: 10.1021/acsabm.2c00165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Hydrogels prepared from supramolecular cross-linking motifs are appealing for use as biomaterials and drug delivery technologies. The inclusion of macromolecules (e.g., protein therapeutics) in these materials is relevant to many of their intended uses. However, the impact of dynamic network cross-linking on macromolecule diffusion must be better understood. Here, hydrogel networks with identical topology but disparate cross-link dynamics are explored. These materials are prepared from cross-linking with host-guest complexes of the cucurbit[7]uril (CB[7]) macrocycle and two guests of different affinity. Rheology confirms differences in bulk material dynamics arising from differences in cross-link thermodynamics. Fluorescence recovery after photobleaching (FRAP) provides insight into macromolecule diffusion as a function of probe molecular weight and hydrogel network dynamics. Together, both rheology and FRAP enable the estimation of the mean network mesh size, which is then related to the solute hydrodynamic diameters to further understand macromolecule diffusion. Interestingly, the thermodynamics of host-guest cross-linking are correlated with a marked deviation from classical diffusion behavior for higher molecular weight probes, yielding solute aggregation in high-affinity networks. These studies offer insights into fundamental macromolecular transport phenomena as they relate to the association dynamics of supramolecular networks. Translation of these materials from in vitro to in vivo is also assessed by bulk release of an encapsulated macromolecule. Contradictory in vitro to in vivo results with inverse relationships in release between the two hydrogels underscores the caution demanded when translating supramolecular biomaterials into application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam S. Braegelman
- University of Notre Dame, Department of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering, Notre Dame, IN 46556 USA
- University of Notre Dame, Bioengineering PhD Program, Notre Dame, IN 46556 USA
| | - Rachel C. Ollier
- University of Notre Dame, Department of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering, Notre Dame, IN 46556 USA
| | - Bo Su
- University of Notre Dame, Department of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering, Notre Dame, IN 46556 USA
| | - Christopher J. Addonizio
- University of Notre Dame, Department of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering, Notre Dame, IN 46556 USA
| | - Lei Zou
- University of Notre Dame, Department of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering, Notre Dame, IN 46556 USA
| | - Sara L. Cole
- University of Notre Dame, Integrated Imaging Facility, Notre Dame, IN 46556 USA
| | - Matthew J. Webber
- University of Notre Dame, Department of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering, Notre Dame, IN 46556 USA
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Mercado-Montijo J, Anstine DM, Rukmani SJ, Colina CM, Andrew JS. PEGDA hydrogel structure from semi-dilute concentrations: insights from experiments and molecular simulations. SOFT MATTER 2022; 18:3565-3574. [PMID: 35466967 DOI: 10.1039/d1sm01708j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The efficacy of hydrogel materials used in biomedical applications is dependent on polymer network topology and the structure of water-laden pore space. Hydrogel microstructure can be tuned by adjusting synthesis parameters such as macromer molar mass and concentration. Moreover, hydrogels beyond dilute conditions are needed to produce mechanically robust and dense networks for tissue engineering and/or drug delivery systems. Thus, this study utilizes a combined experimental and molecular simulation approach to characterize structural features for 4.8 and 10 kDa poly (ethylene glycol) diacrylate (PEGDA) hydrogels formed from a range of semi-dilute solution concentrations. The connection between chain-chain interactions in polymer solutions, hydrogel structure, and equilibrium swelling behavior is presented. Bulk rheology analysis revealed an entanglement concentration for PEGDA pre-gel solutions around 28 wt% for both macromers studied. A similar transition in swelling behavior was revealed around the same concentration where hydrogel capacity to retain water was drastically reduced. To understand this transition, the hydrogel structure was characterized using the swollen polymer network hypothesis and compared to pore size distributions from molecular dynamics simulations. We find in both approaches a structural transition concentration at the hydrogel swelling inflection point that is comparable to the entanglement concentration. Calculated mesh sizes from theory are compared with computationally determined average maximum pore diameters; mesh sizes from theory yielded greater feature sizes across all concentrations considered. Molecular simulations are further used to assess pore dynamics, which are shown to vary in distribution shape and number of modes compared to the time-averaged hydrogel pore features. Altogether, this work provides insights into hydrogel network features and their dynamic behavior at physiological conditions (37 °C) as a basis for hydrogel design beyond dilute conditions for biomedical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jomary Mercado-Montijo
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611, USA.
| | - Dylan M Anstine
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611, USA.
- George and Josephine Butler Polymer Research Laboratory, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611, USA
| | - Shalini J Rukmani
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611, USA.
- George and Josephine Butler Polymer Research Laboratory, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611, USA
| | - Coray M Colina
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611, USA.
- George and Josephine Butler Polymer Research Laboratory, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611, USA
- Department of Chemistry, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611, USA
| | - Jennifer S Andrew
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611, USA.
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Zhang J, Liu J, Li H, Li X, Zhao Y, Zhao P, Cui J, Yang B, Song Y, Zheng Y. Programming Hydrogels with Complex Transient Behaviors via Autocatalytic Cascade Reactions. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2022; 14:20073-20082. [PMID: 35439417 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.2c03177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
It is challenging to design complex synthetic life-like systems that can show both autoevolution and fuel-driven transient behaviors. Here, we report a new class of chemical reaction networks (CRNs) to construct life-like polymer hydrogels. The CRNs are constituted of autocatalytic cascade reactions and fuel-driven reaction networks. The reactions start with only two compounds, that is, thiol of 4-arm-PEG-SH and thiuram disulfides, and undergo thiol oxidation (k1), disulfide metathesis (k2), and thionate hydrolysis-coupling reactions (k3) subsequently, leading to a four-state autonomous transition of sol(I) → soft gel → sol(II) → stiff gel. Moreover, thiuram disulfides can be applied as a fuel to drive the repeated occurrence of metathesis and hydrolysis-coupling reactions, generating dissipative stiff gel → sol(II) → stiff gel cycles. Systematic kinetics studies reveal that the event and lifetime of every transient state could be delicately tailored-up by varying the thiuram disulfide concentration, pH of the system, and thiuram structures. Since the consecutive transient behaviors are precisely predictable, we envision the strategy's potential in guiding the molecular designs of autonomous and adaptive materials for many fields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingyi Zhang
- School of Physical Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, 201210 Shanghai, P. R. China
| | - Jian Liu
- School of Physical Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, 201210 Shanghai, P. R. China
| | - Huizeng Li
- Key Laboratory of Green Printing, CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100190 Beijing, P. R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049 Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Xiaohe Li
- School of Physical Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, 201210 Shanghai, P. R. China
| | - Yuanfeng Zhao
- School of Physical Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, 201210 Shanghai, P. R. China
| | - Peng Zhao
- School of Physical Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, 201210 Shanghai, P. R. China
| | - Jiaxi Cui
- Institute of Fundamental and Frontier Sciences, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610054, China
| | - Bo Yang
- School of Physical Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, 201210 Shanghai, P. R. China
| | - Yanlin Song
- Key Laboratory of Green Printing, CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100190 Beijing, P. R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049 Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Yijun Zheng
- School of Physical Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, 201210 Shanghai, P. R. China
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