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Fiore A, Yu G, Northey JJ, Patel R, Ravenscroft TA, Ikegami R, Kolkman W, Kumar P, Grimm JB, Dilan TL, Ruetten VM, Ahrens MB, Shroff H, Lavis LD, Wang S, Weaver VM, Pedram K. Imaging the extracellular matrix in live tissues and organisms with a glycan-binding fluorophore. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.05.09.593460. [PMID: 38766047 PMCID: PMC11100790 DOI: 10.1101/2024.05.09.593460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2024]
Abstract
All multicellular systems produce and dynamically regulate extracellular matrices (ECM) that play important roles in both biochemical and mechanical signaling. Though the spatial arrangement of these extracellular assemblies is critical to their biological functions, visualization of ECM structure is challenging, in part because the biomolecules that compose the ECM are difficult to fluorescently label individually and collectively. Here, we present a cell-impermeable small molecule fluorophore, termed Rhobo6, that turns on and red shifts upon reversible binding to glycans. Given that most ECM components are densely glycosylated, the dye enables wash-free visualization of ECM, in systems ranging from in vitro substrates to in vivo mouse mammary tumors. Relative to existing techniques, Rhobo6 provides a broad substrate profile, superior tissue penetration, nonperturbative labeling, and negligible photobleaching. This work establishes a straightforward method for imaging the distribution of ECM in live tissues and organisms, lowering barriers for investigation of extracellular biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonio Fiore
- Janelia Research Campus, Howard Hughes Medical Institute (HHMI), Ashburn, VA, USA
| | - Guoqiang Yu
- Janelia Research Campus, Howard Hughes Medical Institute (HHMI), Ashburn, VA, USA
| | - Jason J. Northey
- Center for Bioengineering and Tissue Regeneration, Department of Surgery, University of California, San Francisco (UCSF), San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Ronak Patel
- Janelia Research Campus, Howard Hughes Medical Institute (HHMI), Ashburn, VA, USA
| | | | - Richard Ikegami
- Janelia Research Campus, Howard Hughes Medical Institute (HHMI), Ashburn, VA, USA
| | - Wiert Kolkman
- Janelia Research Campus, Howard Hughes Medical Institute (HHMI), Ashburn, VA, USA
| | - Pratik Kumar
- Janelia Research Campus, Howard Hughes Medical Institute (HHMI), Ashburn, VA, USA
| | - Jonathan B. Grimm
- Janelia Research Campus, Howard Hughes Medical Institute (HHMI), Ashburn, VA, USA
| | - Tanya L. Dilan
- Janelia Research Campus, Howard Hughes Medical Institute (HHMI), Ashburn, VA, USA
| | | | - Misha B. Ahrens
- Janelia Research Campus, Howard Hughes Medical Institute (HHMI), Ashburn, VA, USA
| | - Hari Shroff
- Janelia Research Campus, Howard Hughes Medical Institute (HHMI), Ashburn, VA, USA
| | - Luke D. Lavis
- Janelia Research Campus, Howard Hughes Medical Institute (HHMI), Ashburn, VA, USA
| | - Shaohe Wang
- Janelia Research Campus, Howard Hughes Medical Institute (HHMI), Ashburn, VA, USA
| | - Valerie M. Weaver
- Center for Bioengineering and Tissue Regeneration, Department of Surgery, University of California, San Francisco (UCSF), San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Kayvon Pedram
- Janelia Research Campus, Howard Hughes Medical Institute (HHMI), Ashburn, VA, USA
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2
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Singh A, Luallen RJ. Understanding the factors regulating host-microbiome interactions using Caenorhabditis elegans. Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci 2024; 379:20230059. [PMID: 38497260 PMCID: PMC10945399 DOI: 10.1098/rstb.2023.0059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2023] [Accepted: 01/01/2024] [Indexed: 03/19/2024] Open
Abstract
The Human Microbiome Project was a research programme that successfully identified associations between microbial species and healthy or diseased individuals. However, a major challenge identified was the absence of model systems for studying host-microbiome interactions, which would increase our capacity to uncover molecular interactions, understand organ-specificity and discover new microbiome-altering health interventions. Caenorhabditis elegans has been a pioneering model organism for over 70 years but was largely studied in the absence of a microbiome. Recently, ecological sampling of wild nematodes has uncovered a large amount of natural genetic diversity as well as a slew of associated microbiota. The field has now explored the interactions of C. elegans with its associated gut microbiome, a defined and non-random microbial community, highlighting its suitability for dissecting host-microbiome interactions. This core microbiome is being used to study the impact of host genetics, age and stressors on microbiome composition. Furthermore, single microbiome species are being used to dissect molecular interactions between microbes and the animal gut. Being amenable to health altering genetic and non-genetic interventions, C. elegans has emerged as a promising system to generate and test new hypotheses regarding host-microbiome interactions, with the potential to uncover novel paradigms relevant to other systems. This article is part of the theme issue 'Sculpting the microbiome: how host factors determine and respond to microbial colonization'.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anupama Singh
- Department of Biology, San Diego State University, San Diego, CA 92182, USA
| | - Robert J. Luallen
- Department of Biology, San Diego State University, San Diego, CA 92182, USA
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3
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Xu Y, Wang X, Zaal EA, Berkers CR, Lorent JH, Heise T, Cox R, Pieters RJ, Breukink E. Specific labeling of newly synthesized lipopolysaccharide via metabolic incorporation of azido-galactose. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Cell Biol Lipids 2024; 1869:159467. [PMID: 38382574 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbalip.2024.159467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2024] [Revised: 02/12/2024] [Accepted: 02/17/2024] [Indexed: 02/23/2024]
Abstract
Gram-negative bacteria possess an asymmetric outer membrane (OM) primarily composed of lipopolysaccharides (LPS) on the outer leaflet and phospholipids on the inner leaflet. The outer membrane functions as an effective permeability barrier to compounds such as antibiotics. Studying LPS biosynthesis is therefore helpful to explore novel strategies for new antibiotic development. Metabolic glycan labeling of the bacterial surface has emerged as a powerful method to investigate LPS biosynthesis. However, the previously reported methods of labeling LPS are based on radioactivity or difficult-to-produce analogs of bacterial sugars. In this study, we report on the incorporation of azido galactose into the LPS of the Gram-negative bacteria Escherichia coli and Salmonella typhi via metabolic labeling. As a common sugar analog, azido galactose successfully labeled both O-antigen and core of Salmonella LPS, but not E. coli LPS. This labeling of Salmonella LPS, as shown by SDS-PAGE analysis and fluorescence microscopy, differs from the previously reported labeling of either O-antigen or core of LPS. Our findings are useful for studying LPS biogenesis pathways in Gram-negative bacteria like Salmonella. In addition, our approach is helpful for screening for agents that target LPS biosynthesis as it allows for the detection of newly synthesized LPS that appears in the OM. Furthermore, this approach may also aid in isolating chemically modified LPS for vaccine development or immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Xu
- Membrane Biochemistry and Biophysics, Bijvoet Centre for Biomolecular Research, Department of Chemistry, Utrecht University, Padualaan 8, 3584 CH Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Xiaoqi Wang
- Membrane Biochemistry and Biophysics, Bijvoet Centre for Biomolecular Research, Department of Chemistry, Utrecht University, Padualaan 8, 3584 CH Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Esther A Zaal
- Division of Cell Biology, Metabolism & Cancer, Department of Biomolecular Health Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Yalelaan 2, 3584 CM Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Celia R Berkers
- Division of Cell Biology, Metabolism & Cancer, Department of Biomolecular Health Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Yalelaan 2, 3584 CM Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Joseph H Lorent
- Membrane Biochemistry and Biophysics, Bijvoet Centre for Biomolecular Research, Department of Chemistry, Utrecht University, Padualaan 8, 3584 CH Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Torben Heise
- Department of Chemical Biology and Drug Discovery, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht University, Universiteitsweg 99, 3584 CG Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Ruud Cox
- Membrane Biochemistry and Biophysics, Bijvoet Centre for Biomolecular Research, Department of Chemistry, Utrecht University, Padualaan 8, 3584 CH Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Roland J Pieters
- Department of Chemical Biology and Drug Discovery, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht University, Universiteitsweg 99, 3584 CG Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Eefjan Breukink
- Membrane Biochemistry and Biophysics, Bijvoet Centre for Biomolecular Research, Department of Chemistry, Utrecht University, Padualaan 8, 3584 CH Utrecht, the Netherlands.
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4
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Huang W, Laughlin ST. Cell-selective bioorthogonal labeling. Cell Chem Biol 2024; 31:409-427. [PMID: 37837964 DOI: 10.1016/j.chembiol.2023.09.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2023] [Revised: 08/25/2023] [Accepted: 09/19/2023] [Indexed: 10/16/2023]
Abstract
In classic bioorthogonal labeling experiments, the cell's biosynthetic machinery incorporates bioorthogonal tags, creating tagged biomolecules that are subsequently reacted with a corresponding bioorthogonal partner. This two-step approach labels biomolecules throughout the organism indiscriminate of cell type, which can produce background in applications focused on specific cell populations. In this review, we cover advances in bioorthogonal chemistry that enable targeting of bioorthogonal labeling to a desired cell type. Such cell-selective bioorthogonal labeling is achieved in one of three ways. The first approach restricts labeling to specific cells by cell-selective expression of engineered enzymes that enable the bioorthogonal tag's incorporation. The second approach preferentially localizes the bioorthogonal reagents to the desired cell types to restrict their uptake to the desired cells. Finally, the third approach cages the reactivity of the bioorthogonal reagents, allowing activation of the reaction in specific cells by uncaging the reagents selectively in those cell populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Huang
- Department of Chemistry and Institute for Chemical Biology and Drug Discovery, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY 11794, USA
| | - Scott T Laughlin
- Department of Chemistry and Institute for Chemical Biology and Drug Discovery, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY 11794, USA.
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5
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Li Y, Wang H, Chen Y, Ding L, Ju H. In Situ Glycan Analysis and Editing in Living Systems. JACS AU 2024; 4:384-401. [PMID: 38425935 PMCID: PMC10900212 DOI: 10.1021/jacsau.3c00717] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2023] [Revised: 12/15/2023] [Accepted: 12/19/2023] [Indexed: 03/02/2024]
Abstract
Besides proteins and nucleic acids, carbohydrates are also ubiquitous building blocks of living systems. Approximately 70% of mammalian proteins are glycosylated. Glycans not only provide structural support for living systems but also act as crucial regulators of cellular functions. As a result, they are considered essential pieces of the life science puzzle. However, research on glycans has lagged far behind that on proteins and nucleic acids. The main reason is that glycans are not direct products of gene coding, and their synthesis is nontemplated. In addition, the diversity of monosaccharide species and their linkage patterns contribute to the complexity of the glycan structures, which is the molecular basis for their diverse functions. Research in glycobiology is extremely challenging, especially for the in situ elucidation of glycan structures and functions. There is an urgent need to develop highly specific glycan labeling tools and imaging methods and devise glycan editing strategies. This Perspective focuses on the challenges of in situ analysis of glycans in living systems at three spatial levels (i.e., cell, tissue, and in vivo) and highlights recent advances and directions in glycan labeling, imaging, and editing tools. We believe that examining the current development landscape and the existing bottlenecks can drive the evolution of in situ glycan analysis and intervention strategies and provide glycan-based insights for clinical diagnosis and therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiran Li
- State
Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, School of
Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing
University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Haiqi Wang
- State
Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, School of
Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing
University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Yunlong Chen
- State
Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, School of
Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing
University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Lin Ding
- State
Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, School of
Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing
University, Nanjing 210023, China
- Chemistry
and Biomedicine Innovation Center (ChemBIC), Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Huangxian Ju
- State
Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, School of
Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing
University, Nanjing 210023, China
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6
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Wijdeven MA, van Geel R, Hoogenboom JH, Verkade JMM, Janssen BMG, Hurkmans I, de Bever L, van Berkel SS, van Delft FL. Enzymatic glycan remodeling–metal free click (GlycoConnect™) provides homogenous antibody-drug conjugates with improved stability and therapeutic index without sequence engineering. MAbs 2022; 14:2078466. [PMID: 35634725 PMCID: PMC9154768 DOI: 10.1080/19420862.2022.2078466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Antibody-drug conjugates (ADCs) are increasingly powerful medicines for targeted cancer therapy. Inspired by the trend to further improve their therapeutic index by generation of homogenous ADCs, we report here how the clinical-stage GlycoConnect™ technology uses the globally conserved N-glycosylation site to generate stable and site-specific ADCs based on enzymatic remodeling and metal-free click chemistry. We demonstrate how an engineered endoglycosidase and a native glycosyl transferase enable highly efficient, one-pot glycan remodeling, incorporating a novel sugar substrate 6-azidoGalNAc. Metal-free click attachment of an array of cytotoxic payloads was highly optimized, in particular by inclusion of anionic surfactants. The therapeutic potential of GlycoConnect™, in combination with HydraSpace™ polar spacer technology, was compared to that of Kadcyla® (ado-trastuzumab emtansine), showing significantly improved efficacy and tolerability.
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7
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Giong HK, Subramanian M, Yu K, Lee JS. Non-Rodent Genetic Animal Models for Studying Tauopathy: Review of Drosophila, Zebrafish, and C. elegans Models. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:8465. [PMID: 34445171 PMCID: PMC8395099 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22168465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2021] [Revised: 08/03/2021] [Accepted: 08/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Tauopathy refers to a group of progressive neurodegenerative diseases, including frontotemporal lobar degeneration and Alzheimer's disease, which correlate with the malfunction of microtubule-associated protein Tau (MAPT) due to abnormal hyperphosphorylation, leading to the formation of intracellular aggregates in the brain. Despite extensive efforts to understand tauopathy and develop an efficient therapy, our knowledge is still far from complete. To find a solution for this group of devastating diseases, several animal models that mimic diverse disease phenotypes of tauopathy have been developed. Rodents are the dominating tauopathy models because of their similarity to humans and established disease lines, as well as experimental approaches. However, powerful genetic animal models using Drosophila, zebrafish, and C. elegans have also been developed for modeling tauopathy and have contributed to understanding the pathophysiology of tauopathy. The success of these models stems from the short lifespans, versatile genetic tools, real-time in-vivo imaging, low maintenance costs, and the capability for high-throughput screening. In this review, we summarize the main findings on mechanisms of tauopathy and discuss the current tauopathy models of these non-rodent genetic animals, highlighting their key advantages and limitations in tauopathy research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hoi-Khoanh Giong
- Disease Target Structure Research Center, KRIBB, 125 Gwahak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34141, Korea; (H.-K.G.); (M.S.)
- KRIBB School, University of Science and Technology, 125 Gwahak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34141, Korea
- Dementia DTC R&D Convergence Program, KIST, Hwarang-ro 14 gil 5, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul 02792, Korea
| | - Manivannan Subramanian
- Disease Target Structure Research Center, KRIBB, 125 Gwahak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34141, Korea; (H.-K.G.); (M.S.)
- Dementia DTC R&D Convergence Program, KIST, Hwarang-ro 14 gil 5, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul 02792, Korea
| | - Kweon Yu
- Disease Target Structure Research Center, KRIBB, 125 Gwahak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34141, Korea; (H.-K.G.); (M.S.)
- KRIBB School, University of Science and Technology, 125 Gwahak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34141, Korea
- Dementia DTC R&D Convergence Program, KIST, Hwarang-ro 14 gil 5, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul 02792, Korea
| | - Jeong-Soo Lee
- Disease Target Structure Research Center, KRIBB, 125 Gwahak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34141, Korea; (H.-K.G.); (M.S.)
- KRIBB School, University of Science and Technology, 125 Gwahak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34141, Korea
- Dementia DTC R&D Convergence Program, KIST, Hwarang-ro 14 gil 5, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul 02792, Korea
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8
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Cheng B, Tang Q, Zhang C, Chen X. Glycan Labeling and Analysis in Cells and In Vivo. ANNUAL REVIEW OF ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY (PALO ALTO, CALIF.) 2021; 14:363-387. [PMID: 34314224 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-anchem-091620-091314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
As one of the major types of biomacromolecules in the cell, glycans play essential functional roles in various biological processes. Compared with proteins and nucleic acids, the analysis of glycans in situ has been more challenging. Herein we review recent advances in the development of methods and strategies for labeling, imaging, and profiling of glycans in cells and in vivo. Cellular glycans can be labeled by affinity-based probes, including lectin and antibody conjugates, direct chemical modification, metabolic glycan labeling, and chemoenzymatic labeling. These methods have been applied to label glycans with fluorophores, which enables the visualization and tracking of glycans in cells, tissues, and living organisms. Alternatively, labeling glycans with affinity tags has enabled the enrichment of glycoproteins for glycoproteomic profiling. Built on the glycan labeling methods, strategies enabling cell-selective and tissue-specific glycan labeling and protein-specific glycan imaging have been developed. With these methods and strategies, researchers are now better poised than ever to dissect the biological function of glycans in physiological or pathological contexts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Cheng
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China;
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Qi Tang
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China;
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Che Zhang
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China;
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Xing Chen
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China;
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
- Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
- Synthetic and Functional Biomolecules Center, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
- Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
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9
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Maciej-Hulme ML, Dubaissi E, Shao C, Zaia J, Amaya E, Flitsch SL, Merry CLR. Selective Inhibition of Heparan Sulphate and Not Chondroitin Sulphate Biosynthesis by a Small, Soluble Competitive Inhibitor. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22136988. [PMID: 34209670 PMCID: PMC8269443 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22136988] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2021] [Revised: 06/16/2021] [Accepted: 06/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The glycosaminoglycan, heparan sulphate (HS), orchestrates many developmental processes. Yet its biological role has not yet fully been elucidated. Small molecule chemical inhibitors can be used to perturb HS function and these compounds provide cheap alternatives to genetic manipulation methods. However, existing chemical inhibition methods for HS also interfere with chondroitin sulphate (CS), complicating data interpretation of HS function. Herein, a simple method for the selective inhibition of HS biosynthesis is described. Using endogenous metabolic sugar pathways, Ac4GalNAz produces UDP-GlcNAz, which can target HS synthesis. Cell treatment with Ac4GalNAz resulted in defective chain elongation of the polymer and decreased HS expression. Conversely, no adverse effect on CS production was observed. The inhibition was transient and dose-dependent, affording rescue of HS expression after removal of the unnatural azido sugar. The utility of inhibition is demonstrated in cell culture and in whole organisms, demonstrating that this small molecule can be used as a tool for HS inhibition in biological systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marissa L. Maciej-Hulme
- Materials Science Centre, School of Materials, The University of Manchester, Grosvenor St., Manchester M1 7HS, UK
- Correspondence: (M.L.M.-H.); (C.L.R.M.)
| | - Eamon Dubaissi
- Division of Cell Matrix Biology & Regenerative Medicine, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, Michael Smith Building, The University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PT, UK; (E.D.); (E.A.)
| | - Chun Shao
- Center for Biomedical Mass Spectrometry, Boston University School of Medicine, 670 Albany Street, Boston, MA 02118, USA; (C.S.); (J.Z.)
| | - Joseph Zaia
- Center for Biomedical Mass Spectrometry, Boston University School of Medicine, 670 Albany Street, Boston, MA 02118, USA; (C.S.); (J.Z.)
| | - Enrique Amaya
- Division of Cell Matrix Biology & Regenerative Medicine, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, Michael Smith Building, The University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PT, UK; (E.D.); (E.A.)
| | - Sabine L. Flitsch
- School of Chemistry & Manchester Institute of Biotechnology, The University of Manchester, 131 Princess Street, Manchester M1 7DN, UK;
| | - Catherine L. R. Merry
- Materials Science Centre, School of Materials, The University of Manchester, Grosvenor St., Manchester M1 7HS, UK
- Correspondence: (M.L.M.-H.); (C.L.R.M.)
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10
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Scinto SL, Bilodeau DA, Hincapie R, Lee W, Nguyen SS, Xu M, am Ende CW, Finn MG, Lang K, Lin Q, Pezacki JP, Prescher JA, Robillard MS, Fox JM. Bioorthogonal chemistry. NATURE REVIEWS. METHODS PRIMERS 2021; 1:30. [PMID: 34585143 PMCID: PMC8469592 DOI: 10.1038/s43586-021-00028-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 159] [Impact Index Per Article: 53.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Bioorthogonal chemistry represents a class of high-yielding chemical reactions that proceed rapidly and selectively in biological environments without side reactions towards endogenous functional groups. Rooted in the principles of physical organic chemistry, bioorthogonal reactions are intrinsically selective transformations not commonly found in biology. Key reactions include native chemical ligation and the Staudinger ligation, copper-catalysed azide-alkyne cycloaddition, strain-promoted [3 + 2] reactions, tetrazine ligation, metal-catalysed coupling reactions, oxime and hydrazone ligations as well as photoinducible bioorthogonal reactions. Bioorthogonal chemistry has significant overlap with the broader field of 'click chemistry' - high-yielding reactions that are wide in scope and simple to perform, as recently exemplified by sulfuryl fluoride exchange chemistry. The underlying mechanisms of these transformations and their optimal conditions are described in this Primer, followed by discussion of how bioorthogonal chemistry has become essential to the fields of biomedical imaging, medicinal chemistry, protein synthesis, polymer science, materials science and surface science. The applications of bioorthogonal chemistry are diverse and include genetic code expansion and metabolic engineering, drug target identification, antibody-drug conjugation and drug delivery. This Primer describes standards for reproducibility and data deposition, outlines how current limitations are driving new research directions and discusses new opportunities for applying bioorthogonal chemistry to emerging problems in biology and biomedicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuel L. Scinto
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Delaware, Newark, DE, USA
| | - Didier A. Bilodeau
- Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Science, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
- These authors contributed equally: Didier A. Bilodeau, Robert Hincapie, Wankyu Lee, Sean S. Nguyen, Minghao Xu
| | - Robert Hincapie
- School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, USA
- These authors contributed equally: Didier A. Bilodeau, Robert Hincapie, Wankyu Lee, Sean S. Nguyen, Minghao Xu
| | - Wankyu Lee
- Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, Cambridge, MA, USA
- These authors contributed equally: Didier A. Bilodeau, Robert Hincapie, Wankyu Lee, Sean S. Nguyen, Minghao Xu
| | - Sean S. Nguyen
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA
- These authors contributed equally: Didier A. Bilodeau, Robert Hincapie, Wankyu Lee, Sean S. Nguyen, Minghao Xu
| | - Minghao Xu
- School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, USA
- These authors contributed equally: Didier A. Bilodeau, Robert Hincapie, Wankyu Lee, Sean S. Nguyen, Minghao Xu
| | | | - M. G. Finn
- School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Kathrin Lang
- Department of Chemistry, Technical University of Munich, Garching, Germany
- Laboratory of Organic Chemistry, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Qing Lin
- Department of Chemistry, State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - John Paul Pezacki
- Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Science, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Jennifer A. Prescher
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA
- Molecular Biology & Biochemistry, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA
| | | | - Joseph M. Fox
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Delaware, Newark, DE, USA
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Abstract
Systematically dissecting the molecular basis of the cell surface as well as its related biological activities is considered as one of the most cutting-edge fields in fundamental sciences. The advent of various advanced cell imaging techniques allows us to gain a glimpse of how the cell surface is structured and coordinated with other cellular components to respond to intracellular signals and environmental stimuli. Nowadays, cell surface-related studies have entered a new era featured by a redirected aim of not just understanding but artificially manipulating/remodeling the cell surface properties. To meet this goal, biologists and chemists are intensely engaged in developing more maneuverable cell surface labeling strategies by exploiting the cell's intrinsic biosynthetic machinery or direct chemical/physical binding methods for imaging, sensing, and biomedical applications. In this review, we summarize the recent advances that focus on the visualization of various cell surface structures/dynamics and accurate monitoring of the microenvironment of the cell surface. Future challenges and opportunities in these fields are discussed, and the importance of cell surface-based studies is highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao-Ran Jia
- State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Southeast University, 2 Sipailou Road, Nanjing 210096, P. R. China.
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12
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Martínez-López AL, González-Navarro CJ, Aranaz P, Vizmanos JL, Irache JM. In vivo testing of mucus-permeating nanoparticles for oral insulin delivery using Caenorhabditis elegans as a model under hyperglycemic conditions. Acta Pharm Sin B 2021; 11:989-1002. [PMID: 33996411 PMCID: PMC8105877 DOI: 10.1016/j.apsb.2021.02.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2020] [Revised: 12/18/2020] [Accepted: 01/06/2021] [Indexed: 10/31/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim was to evaluate the potential of mucus-permeating nanoparticles for the oral administration of insulin. These nanocarriers, based on the coating of zein nanoparticles with a polymer conjugate containing PEG, displayed a size of 260 nm with a negative surface charge and an insulin payload of 77 μg/mg. In intestinal pig mucus, the diffusivity of these nanoparticles (PPA-NPs) was found to be 20-fold higher than bare nanoparticles (NPs). These results were in line with the biodistribution study in rats, in which NPs remained trapped in the mucus, whereas PPA-NPs were able to cross this layer and reach the epithelium surface. The therapeutic efficacy was evaluated in Caenorhabditis elegans grown under high glucose conditions. In this model, worms treated with insulin-loaded in PPA-NPs displayed a longer lifespan than those treated with insulin free or nanoencapsulated in NPs. This finding was associated with a significant reduction in the formation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) as well as an important decrease in the glucose and fat content in worms. These effects would be related with the mucus-permeating ability of PPA-NPs that would facilitate the passage through the intestinal peritrophic-like dense layer of worms (similar to mucus) and, thus, the absorption of insulin.
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Key Words
- 1H NMR, 1H nuclear magnetic resonance
- Biodistribution
- Caenorhabditis elegans
- DAPI, 4ʹ,6-diamidino-2-phenylindole
- Deff, effective diffusion coefficient
- EDC, N-(3-di-methylaminopropyl)-Nʹ-ethylcarbodiimide
- Epithelium
- FT-IR, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy
- FUdR, 5-fluoro-2′-deoxyuridine
- GIT, gastrointestinal tract
- H2DCF-DA, 2,7′-dichlorodihydro fluorescein diacetate
- HPLC, high-performance liquid chromatography
- I, insulin
- IIS, insulin/IGF-1 signaling
- Insulin
- Lifespan
- MSD, mean square displacement
- Mucus-permeating
- NGM, nematode growth medium
- NPs, nanoparticles
- Nanoparticles
- ORL, orlistat
- Oral delivery
- PBST, phosphate-buffered saline with triton
- PDI, polydispersity index
- PEG, poly(ethylene glycol)
- PPA, PEG-poly(anhydride) conjugate
- PPA-NPs, PEG-poly(anhydride)-coated zein nanoparticles
- ROS
- ROS, reactive oxygen species
- SEM, scanning electron microscopy
- SOD, superoxide dismutase
- THF, tetrahydrofuran
- Zein
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13
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Wang C, Xia C, Zhu Y, Zhang H. Innovative fluorescent probes for in vivo visualization of biomolecules in living Caenorhabditis elegans. Cytometry A 2021; 99:560-574. [PMID: 33638604 DOI: 10.1002/cyto.a.24325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2020] [Revised: 02/02/2021] [Accepted: 02/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Caenorhabditis elegans (C. elegans) as a well-established multicellular model organism has been widely used in the biological field for half a century. Its numerous advantages including small body size, rapid life cycle, high-reproductive rate, well-defined anatomy, and conserved genome, has made C. elegans one of the most successful multicellular model organisms. Discoveries obtained from the C. elegans model have made great contributions to research fields such as development, aging, biophysics, immunology, and neuroscience. Because of its transparent body and giant cell size, C. elegans is also an ideal subject for high resolution and high-throughput optical imaging and analysis. During the past decade, great advances have been made to develop biomolecule-targeting techniques for noninvasive optical imaging. These novel technologies expanded the toolbox for qualitative and quantitative analysis of biomolecules in C. elegans. In this review, we summarize recently developed fluorescent probes or labeling techniques for visualizing biomolecules at the cellular, subcellular or molecular scale by using C. elegans as the major model organism or designed specifically for the applications in C. elegans. Combining the technological advantages of the C. elegans model with the novel fluorescent labeling techniques will provide new horizons for high-efficiency quantitative optical analysis in live organisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunxia Wang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Infection and Immunity, Institutes of Biology and Medical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Chujie Xia
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Infection and Immunity, Institutes of Biology and Medical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Yi Zhu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Infection and Immunity, Institutes of Biology and Medical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Huimin Zhang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Infection and Immunity, Institutes of Biology and Medical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
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14
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Li K, Fong D, Meichsner E, Adronov A. A Survey of Strain-Promoted Azide-Alkyne Cycloaddition in Polymer Chemistry. Chemistry 2021; 27:5057-5073. [PMID: 33017499 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202003386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Highly efficient reactions that enable the assembly of molecules into complex structures have driven extensive progress in synthetic chemistry. In particular, reactions that occur under mild conditions and in benign solvents, while producing no by-products and rapidly reach completion are attracting significant attention. Amongst these, the strain-promoted azide-alkyne cycloaddition, involving various cyclooctyne derivatives reacting with azide-bearing molecules, has gained extensive popularity in organic synthesis and bioorthogonal chemistry. This reaction has also recently gained momentum in polymer chemistry, where it has been used to decorate, link, crosslink, and even prepare polymer chains. This survey highlights key achievements in the use of this reaction to produce a variety of polymeric constructs for disparate applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelvin Li
- Department of Chemistry & Chemical Biology, McMaster University, 1280 Main St. W., Hamilton, ON, L8S 4M1, Canada
| | - Darryl Fong
- Department of Chemistry & Chemical Biology, McMaster University, 1280 Main St. W., Hamilton, ON, L8S 4M1, Canada
| | - Eric Meichsner
- Department of Chemistry & Chemical Biology, McMaster University, 1280 Main St. W., Hamilton, ON, L8S 4M1, Canada
| | - Alex Adronov
- Department of Chemistry & Chemical Biology, McMaster University, 1280 Main St. W., Hamilton, ON, L8S 4M1, Canada
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15
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Tomás RMF, Gibson MI. 100th Anniversary of Macromolecular Science Viewpoint: Re-Engineering Cellular Interfaces with Synthetic Macromolecules Using Metabolic Glycan Labeling. ACS Macro Lett 2020; 9:991-1003. [PMID: 32714634 PMCID: PMC7377358 DOI: 10.1021/acsmacrolett.0c00317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2020] [Accepted: 06/15/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Cell-surface functionality is largely programmed by genetically encoded information through modulation of protein expression levels, including glycosylation enzymes. Genetic tools enable control over protein-based functionality, but are not easily adapted to recruit non-native functionality such as synthetic polymers and nanomaterials to tune biological responses and attach therapeutic or imaging payloads. Similar to how polymer-protein conjugation evolved from nonspecific PEGylation to site-selective bioconjugates, the same evolution is now occurring for polymer-cell conjugation. This Viewpoint discusses the potential of using metabolic glycan labeling to install bio-orthogonal reactive cell-surface anchors for the recruitment of synthetic polymers and nanomaterials to cell surfaces, exploring the expanding therapeutic and diagnostic potential. Comparisons to conventional approaches that target endogenous membrane components, such as hydrophobic, protein coupling and electrostatic conjugation, as well as enzymatic and genetic tools, have been made to highlight the huge potential of this approach in the emerging cellular engineering field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruben M. F. Tomás
- Department of Chemistry and Warwick Medical School, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, United Kingdom
| | - Matthew I. Gibson
- Department of Chemistry and Warwick Medical School, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, United Kingdom
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16
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Inchaurraga L, Martínez-López AL, Martin-Arbella N, Irache JM. Zein-based nanoparticles for the oral delivery of insulin. Drug Deliv Transl Res 2020; 10:1601-1611. [PMID: 32514704 DOI: 10.1007/s13346-020-00796-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this work was to evaluate oral nanocarriers, prepared from zein nanoparticles coated with a poly(anhydride)-thiamine conjugate (GT), for the delivery of insulin. Nanoparticles displayed a size of 250 nm with a negative surface charge, and an insulin loading of 80 μg/mg. Under simulated gastric conditions, GT-coated nanoparticles released a significantly lower amount of insulin than bare ones; whereas in simulated intestinal conditions, both types of nanoparticles displayed a similar behavior. The effect of insulin on the lipid metabolism of C. elegans under high glucose conditions, characterized by a reduction of the fat content, was also investigated. The effect was significantly higher for the nanoencapsulated forms of insulin than for the free protein (p < 0.001). This effect was two times higher for GT-coated nanoparticles than for bare ones. In rats, the hypoglycemic effect and the pharmacokinetic profile of insulin-loaded nanoparticles orally administered (50 IU/kg) were evaluated. The glycemia of animals slowly decreased reaching a minimum 6-10-h post-administration, with a maximum decrease of about 60%. The pharmacological availability of nanoencapsulated insulin was 13.5%. In serum, nanoparticles provided a maximum of insulin 4-h post-administration, and its relative oral bioavailability was 5.2% (compared with a sc formulation of insulin). Graphical abstract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Inchaurraga
- NANO-VAC Research Group, Department of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Technology, University of Navarra, C/Irunlarrea, 1, 31008, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Ana L Martínez-López
- NANO-VAC Research Group, Department of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Technology, University of Navarra, C/Irunlarrea, 1, 31008, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Nekane Martin-Arbella
- NANO-VAC Research Group, Department of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Technology, University of Navarra, C/Irunlarrea, 1, 31008, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Juan M Irache
- NANO-VAC Research Group, Department of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Technology, University of Navarra, C/Irunlarrea, 1, 31008, Pamplona, Spain.
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17
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Daughtry JL, Cao W, Ye J, Baskin JM. Clickable Galactose Analogues for Imaging Glycans in Developing Zebrafish. ACS Chem Biol 2020; 15:318-324. [PMID: 31976645 DOI: 10.1021/acschembio.9b00898] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Galactose is one of only nine monosaccharide precursors used to build complex glycans in vertebrates. Defects in galactose metabolism cause galactosemia and lysosomal storage diseases, and the ability to visualize metabolic flux through these pathways would help to understand mechanisms underlying disease pathogenesis. Bioorthogonal metabolic reporters are widely used tools to image glycan biosynthesis; however, to date, no galactose analogues have capitalized on this strategy. We demonstrate that the galactose salvage pathway is remarkably intolerant of unnatural galactose and galactose-1-phosphate analogues. Subtle modifications to uridine diphosphate galactose (UDP-Gal), which is the universal donor for galactosyltransferases, however, yielded effective metabolic probes for labeling glycans in vivo. We applied 6-alkynyl UDP-Gal, followed by click chemistry tagging, to visualize glycosylation during zebrafish development, revealing a striking accumulation into glycan-rich ridges within the organism's enveloping layer. UDP-Gal analogues represent a new class of glycan metabolic probes for revealing physiological and pathological changes in glycosylation in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica L. Daughtry
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology and Weill Institute for Cell and Molecular Biology, Cornell University, 461 Weill Hall, Ithaca, New York 14853, United States
| | - Wendy Cao
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology and Weill Institute for Cell and Molecular Biology, Cornell University, 461 Weill Hall, Ithaca, New York 14853, United States
| | - Johnny Ye
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology and Weill Institute for Cell and Molecular Biology, Cornell University, 461 Weill Hall, Ithaca, New York 14853, United States
| | - Jeremy M. Baskin
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology and Weill Institute for Cell and Molecular Biology, Cornell University, 461 Weill Hall, Ithaca, New York 14853, United States
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18
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Parker CG, Pratt MR. Click Chemistry in Proteomic Investigations. Cell 2020; 180:605-632. [PMID: 32059777 PMCID: PMC7087397 DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2020.01.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 193] [Impact Index Per Article: 48.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2019] [Revised: 01/09/2020] [Accepted: 01/16/2020] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Despite advances in genetic and proteomic techniques, a complete portrait of the proteome and its complement of dynamic interactions and modifications remains a lofty, and as of yet, unrealized, objective. Specifically, traditional biological and analytical approaches have not been able to address key questions relating to the interactions of proteins with small molecules, including drugs, drug candidates, metabolites, or protein post-translational modifications (PTMs). Fortunately, chemists have bridged this experimental gap through the creation of bioorthogonal reactions. These reactions allow for the incorporation of chemical groups with highly selective reactivity into small molecules or protein modifications without perturbing their biological function, enabling the selective installation of an analysis tag for downstream investigations. The introduction of chemical strategies to parse and enrich subsets of the "functional" proteome has empowered mass spectrometry (MS)-based methods to delve more deeply and precisely into the biochemical state of cells and its perturbations by small molecules. In this Primer, we discuss how one of the most versatile bioorthogonal reactions, "click chemistry", has been exploited to overcome limitations of biological approaches to enable the selective marking and functional investigation of critical protein-small-molecule interactions and PTMs in native biological environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher G Parker
- Department of Chemistry, The Scripps Research Institute, Jupiter, FL 33458, USA.
| | - Matthew R Pratt
- Departments of Chemistry and Biological Sciences, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA.
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19
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Soares da Costa D, Sousa JC, Dá Mesquita S, Petkova-Yankova NI, Marques F, Reis RL, Sousa N, Pashkuleva I. Bioorthogonal Labeling Reveals Different Expression of Glycans in Mouse Hippocampal Neuron Cultures during Their Development. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25040795. [PMID: 32059500 PMCID: PMC7070308 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25040795] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2020] [Revised: 02/07/2020] [Accepted: 02/10/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The expression of different glycans at the cell surface dictates cell interactions with their environment and other cells, being crucial for the cell fate. The development of the central nervous system is associated with tremendous changes in the cell glycome that is tightly regulated. Herein, we have employed bioorthogonal Cu-free click chemistry to image temporal distribution of different glycans in live mouse hippocampal neurons during their maturation in vitro. We show development-dependent glycan patterns with increased fucose and decreased mannose expression at the end of the maturation process. We also demonstrate that this approach is biocompatible and does not affect glycan transport although it relies on an administration of modified glycans. The applicability of this strategy to tissue sections unlocks new opportunities to study the glycan dynamics under more complex physiological conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diana Soares da Costa
- 3B’s Research Group, I3Bs – Research Institute on Biomaterials, Biodegradables and Biomimetics, University of Minho, Headquarters of the European Institute of Excellence on Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, AvePark, Parque de Ciência e Tecnologia, Zona Industrial da Gandra, Barco, 4805-017 Guimarães, Portugal; (N.I.P.-Y.); (R.L.R.)
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Medicine, University of Minho, Campus Gualtar, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal; (J.C.S.); (S.D.M.); (F.M.); n (N.S.)
- Correspondence: (D.S.d.C.); (I.P.)
| | - João C. Sousa
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Medicine, University of Minho, Campus Gualtar, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal; (J.C.S.); (S.D.M.); (F.M.); n (N.S.)
- ICVS/3B’s—PT Government Associate Laboratory, 4710-057 Braga, Guimarães, Portugal
| | - Sandro Dá Mesquita
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Medicine, University of Minho, Campus Gualtar, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal; (J.C.S.); (S.D.M.); (F.M.); n (N.S.)
- ICVS/3B’s—PT Government Associate Laboratory, 4710-057 Braga, Guimarães, Portugal
| | - Nevena I. Petkova-Yankova
- 3B’s Research Group, I3Bs – Research Institute on Biomaterials, Biodegradables and Biomimetics, University of Minho, Headquarters of the European Institute of Excellence on Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, AvePark, Parque de Ciência e Tecnologia, Zona Industrial da Gandra, Barco, 4805-017 Guimarães, Portugal; (N.I.P.-Y.); (R.L.R.)
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Medicine, University of Minho, Campus Gualtar, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal; (J.C.S.); (S.D.M.); (F.M.); n (N.S.)
| | - Fernanda Marques
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Medicine, University of Minho, Campus Gualtar, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal; (J.C.S.); (S.D.M.); (F.M.); n (N.S.)
- ICVS/3B’s—PT Government Associate Laboratory, 4710-057 Braga, Guimarães, Portugal
| | - Rui L. Reis
- 3B’s Research Group, I3Bs – Research Institute on Biomaterials, Biodegradables and Biomimetics, University of Minho, Headquarters of the European Institute of Excellence on Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, AvePark, Parque de Ciência e Tecnologia, Zona Industrial da Gandra, Barco, 4805-017 Guimarães, Portugal; (N.I.P.-Y.); (R.L.R.)
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Medicine, University of Minho, Campus Gualtar, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal; (J.C.S.); (S.D.M.); (F.M.); n (N.S.)
- The Discoveries Centre for Regenerative and Precision Medicine, Headquarters at University of Minho, Avepark, Barco, 4805-017 Guimarães, Portugal
| | - Nuno Sousa
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Medicine, University of Minho, Campus Gualtar, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal; (J.C.S.); (S.D.M.); (F.M.); n (N.S.)
- ICVS/3B’s—PT Government Associate Laboratory, 4710-057 Braga, Guimarães, Portugal
| | - Iva Pashkuleva
- 3B’s Research Group, I3Bs – Research Institute on Biomaterials, Biodegradables and Biomimetics, University of Minho, Headquarters of the European Institute of Excellence on Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, AvePark, Parque de Ciência e Tecnologia, Zona Industrial da Gandra, Barco, 4805-017 Guimarães, Portugal; (N.I.P.-Y.); (R.L.R.)
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Medicine, University of Minho, Campus Gualtar, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal; (J.C.S.); (S.D.M.); (F.M.); n (N.S.)
- Correspondence: (D.S.d.C.); (I.P.)
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20
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Hong S, Sahai-Hernandez P, Chapla DG, Moremen KW, Traver D, Wu P. Direct Visualization of Live Zebrafish Glycans via Single-Step Metabolic Labeling with Fluorophore-Tagged Nucleotide Sugars. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019; 58:14327-14333. [PMID: 31295389 PMCID: PMC6820142 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201907410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Dynamic turnover of cell-surface glycans is involved in a myriad of biological events, making this process an attractive target for in vivo molecular imaging. Metabolic glycan labeling coupled with bioorthogonal chemistry has paved the way for visualizing glycans in living organisms. However, a two-step labeling sequence is required, which suffers from the tissue-penetration difficulties of the imaging probes. Here, by exploring the substrate promiscuity of endogenous glycosyltransferases, we developed a single-step fluorescent glycan labeling strategy by using fluorophore-tagged analogues of the nucleotide sugars. Injecting fluorophore-tagged sialic acid and fucose into the yolk of zebrafish embryos at the one-cell stage enables systematic imaging of sialylation and fucosylation in live zebrafish embryos at distinct developmental stages. From these studies, we obtained insights into the role of sialylated and fucosylated glycans in zebrafish hematopoiesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Senlian Hong
- Department of Molecular Medicine, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA
| | - Pankaj Sahai-Hernandez
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of California at San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA
| | | | - Kelley W Moremen
- Complex Carbohydrate Research Center, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, 30602, USA
| | - David Traver
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of California at San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA
| | - Peng Wu
- Department of Molecular Medicine, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA
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21
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Takayama Y, Kusamori K, Nishikawa M. Click Chemistry as a Tool for Cell Engineering and Drug Delivery. Molecules 2019; 24:molecules24010172. [PMID: 30621193 PMCID: PMC6337375 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24010172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 105] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2018] [Revised: 12/24/2018] [Accepted: 12/29/2018] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Click chemistry has great potential for use in binding between nucleic acids, lipids, proteins, and other molecules, and has been used in many research fields because of its beneficial characteristics, including high yield, high specificity, and simplicity. The recent development of copper-free and less cytotoxic click chemistry reactions has allowed for the application of click chemistry to the field of medicine. Moreover, metabolic glycoengineering allows for the direct modification of living cells with substrates for click chemistry either in vitro or in vivo. As such, click chemistry has become a powerful tool for cell transplantation and drug delivery. In this review, we describe some applications of click chemistry for cell engineering in cell transplantation and for drug delivery in the diagnosis and treatment of diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yukiya Takayama
- Laboratory of Biopharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokyo University of Science, 2641 Yamazaki, Noda, Chiba 278-8510, Japan.
| | - Kosuke Kusamori
- Laboratory of Biopharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokyo University of Science, 2641 Yamazaki, Noda, Chiba 278-8510, Japan.
| | - Makiya Nishikawa
- Laboratory of Biopharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokyo University of Science, 2641 Yamazaki, Noda, Chiba 278-8510, Japan.
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22
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Metabolic glycan labeling and chemoselective functionalization of native biomaterials. Biomaterials 2018; 182:127-134. [PMID: 30118980 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2018.08.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2018] [Revised: 08/01/2018] [Accepted: 08/03/2018] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Decellularized native extracellular matrix (ECM) biomaterials are widely used in tissue engineering and have reached clinical application as biomesh implants. To enhance their regenerative properties and postimplantation performance, ECM biomaterials could be functionalized via immobilization of bioactive molecules. To facilitate ECM functionalization, we developed a metabolic glycan labeling approach using physiologic pathways to covalently incorporate click-reactive azide ligands into the native ECM of a wide variety of rodent tissues and organs in vivo, and into the ECM of isolated rodent and porcine lungs cultured ex vivo. The incorporated azides within the ECM were preserved after decellularization and served as chemoselective ligands for subsequent bioconjugation via click chemistry. As proof of principle, we generated alkyne-modified heparin, immobilized it onto azide-incorporated acellular lungs, and demonstrated its bioactivity by Antithrombin III immobilization and Factor Xa inhibition. The herein reported metabolic glycan labeling approach represents a novel platform technology for manufacturing click-reactive native ECM biomaterials, thereby enabling efficient and chemoselective functionalization of these materials to facilitate tissue regeneration and repair.
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23
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Schneider M, Al-Shareffi E, Haltiwanger RS. Biological functions of fucose in mammals. Glycobiology 2018; 27:601-618. [PMID: 28430973 DOI: 10.1093/glycob/cwx034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 248] [Impact Index Per Article: 41.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2017] [Accepted: 04/13/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Fucose is a 6-deoxy hexose in the l-configuration found in a large variety of different organisms. In mammals, fucose is incorporated into N-glycans, O-glycans and glycolipids by 13 fucosyltransferases, all of which utilize the nucleotide-charged form, GDP-fucose, to modify targets. Three of the fucosyltransferases, FUT8, FUT12/POFUT1 and FUT13/POFUT2, are essential for proper development in mice. Fucose modifications have also been implicated in many other biological functions including immunity and cancer. Congenital mutations of a Golgi apparatus localized GDP-fucose transporter causes leukocyte adhesion deficiency type II, which results in severe developmental and immune deficiencies, highlighting the important role fucose plays in these processes. Additionally, changes in levels of fucosylated proteins have proven as useful tools for determining cancer diagnosis and prognosis. Chemically modified fucose analogs can be used to alter many of these fucose dependent processes or as tools to better understand them. In this review, we summarize the known roles of fucose in mammalian physiology and pathophysiology. Additionally, we discuss recent therapeutic advances for cancer and other diseases that are a direct result of our improved understanding of the role that fucose plays in these systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Schneider
- Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY 11794, USA
| | - Esam Al-Shareffi
- Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY 11794, USA.,Department of Psychiatry, Georgetown University Hospital, Washington, DC 20007, USA
| | - Robert S Haltiwanger
- Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY 11794, USA.,Complex Carbohydrate Research Center, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA
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24
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Gilormini PA, Lion C, Vicogne D, Guérardel Y, Foulquier F, Biot C. Chemical glycomics enrichment: imaging the recycling of sialic acid in living cells. J Inherit Metab Dis 2018; 41:515-523. [PMID: 29294191 PMCID: PMC5959963 DOI: 10.1007/s10545-017-0118-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2017] [Revised: 10/28/2017] [Accepted: 11/20/2017] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
The development of metabolic oligosaccharide engineering (MOE) over the past two decades enabled the bioimaging studies of glycosylation processes in physio-pathological contexts. Herein, we successfully applied the chemical reporter strategy to image the fate of sialylated glycoconjugates in healthy and sialin-deficient patient fibroblasts. This chemical glycomics enrichment is a powerful tool for tracking sialylated glycoconjugates and probing lysosomal recycling capacities. Thus, such strategies appear fundamental for the characterization of lysosomal storage diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pierre André Gilormini
- University Lille, CNRS, UMR 8576 - UGSF - Unité de Glycobiologie Structurale et Fonctionnelle, F-59000, Lille, France
| | - Cédric Lion
- University Lille, CNRS, UMR 8576 - UGSF - Unité de Glycobiologie Structurale et Fonctionnelle, F-59000, Lille, France
| | - Dorothée Vicogne
- University Lille, CNRS, UMR 8576 - UGSF - Unité de Glycobiologie Structurale et Fonctionnelle, F-59000, Lille, France
| | - Yann Guérardel
- University Lille, CNRS, UMR 8576 - UGSF - Unité de Glycobiologie Structurale et Fonctionnelle, F-59000, Lille, France
| | - François Foulquier
- University Lille, CNRS, UMR 8576 - UGSF - Unité de Glycobiologie Structurale et Fonctionnelle, F-59000, Lille, France.
| | - Christophe Biot
- University Lille, CNRS, UMR 8576 - UGSF - Unité de Glycobiologie Structurale et Fonctionnelle, F-59000, Lille, France.
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25
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Sakamoto T, Hasegawa D, Fujimoto K. Disassembly-driven signal turn-on probes for bimodal detection of DNA with 19F NMR and fluorescence. Org Biomol Chem 2018; 16:7157-7162. [DOI: 10.1039/c8ob02218f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Self-assembling molecular probes that can detect DNA in a 19F NMR and fluorescence signal turn-on manner were successfully developed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takashi Sakamoto
- Faculty of Systems Engineering
- Wakayama University
- Wakayama 640-8510
- Japan
| | - Daisaku Hasegawa
- School of Materials Science
- Japan Advanced Institute of Science and Technology
- Nomi
- Japan
| | - Kenzo Fujimoto
- School of Materials Science
- Japan Advanced Institute of Science and Technology
- Nomi
- Japan
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26
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Wratil PR, Horstkorte R. Metabolic Glycoengineering of Sialic Acid Using N-acyl-modified Mannosamines. J Vis Exp 2017. [PMID: 29286437 DOI: 10.3791/55746] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Sialic acid (Sia) is a highly important constituent of glycoconjugates, such as N- and O-glycans or glycolipids. Due to its position at the non-reducing termini of oligo- and polysaccharides, as well as its unique chemical characteristics, sialic acid is involved in a multitude of different receptor-ligand interactions. By modifying the expression of sialic acid on the cell surface, sialic acid-dependent interactions will consequently be influenced. This can be helpful to investigate sialic acid-dependent interactions and has the potential to influence certain diseases in a beneficial way. Via metabolic glycoengineering (MGE), the expression of sialic acid on the cell surface can be modulated. Herein, cells, tissues, or even entire animals are treated with C2-modified derivatives of N-acetylmannosamine (ManNAc). These amino sugars act as sialic acid precursor molecules and therefore are metabolized to the corresponding sialic acid species and expressed on glycoconjugates. Applying this method produces intriguing effects on various biological processes. For example, it can drastically reduce the expression of polysialic acid (polySia) in treated neuronal cells and thus affects neuronal growth and differentiation. Here, we show the chemical synthesis of two of the most common C2-modified N-acylmannosamine derivatives, N-propionylmannosamine (ManNProp) as well as N-butanoylmannosamine (ManNBut), and further show how these non-natural amino sugars can be applied in cell culture experiments. The expression of modified sialic acid species is quantified by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and further analyzed via mass spectrometry. The effects on polysialic acid expression are elucidated via Western blot using a commercially available polysialic acid antibody.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul R Wratil
- Max von Pettenkofer-Institut & Genzentrum, Virologie, Nationales Referenzzentrum für Retroviren, Medizinische Fakultät, LMU München; Institut für Laboratoriumsmedizin, klinische Chemie und Pathobiochemie, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin
| | - Rüdiger Horstkorte
- Institut für Physiologische Chemie, Martin-Luther-Universität Halle-Wittenberg;
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27
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Spiciarich DR, Nolley R, Maund SL, Purcell SC, Herschel J, Iavarone AT, Peehl DM, Bertozzi CR. Bioorthogonal Labeling of Human Prostate Cancer Tissue Slice Cultures for Glycoproteomics. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201701424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- David R. Spiciarich
- College of Chemistry; University of California, Berkeley; Berkeley CA 94720 USA
| | - Rosalie Nolley
- Department of Urology; Stanford University School of Medicine; Stanford CA 94305 USA
| | - Sophia L. Maund
- Department of Urology; Stanford University School of Medicine; Stanford CA 94305 USA
| | - Sean C. Purcell
- College of Chemistry; University of California, Berkeley; Berkeley CA 94720 USA
| | - Jason Herschel
- Department of Mathematics; California State University; East Bay Hayward CA 94542 USA
| | - Anthony T. Iavarone
- QB3/Chemistry Mass Spectrometry Facility; UC Berkeley; Berkeley CA 94720 USA
| | - Donna M. Peehl
- Department of Urology; Stanford University School of Medicine; Stanford CA 94305 USA
| | - Carolyn R. Bertozzi
- Department of Chemistry; Stanford University; Stanford CA 94305-4401 USA
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute; USA
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28
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Spiciarich DR, Nolley R, Maund SL, Purcell SC, Herschel J, Iavarone AT, Peehl DM, Bertozzi CR. Bioorthogonal Labeling of Human Prostate Cancer Tissue Slice Cultures for Glycoproteomics. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2017. [PMID: 28649697 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201701424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Sialylated glycans are found at elevated levels in many types of cancer and have been implicated in disease progression. However, the specific glycoproteins that contribute to the cancer cell-surface sialylation are not well characterized, specifically in bona fide human disease tissue. Metabolic and bioorthogonal labeling methods have previously enabled the enrichment and identification of sialoglycoproteins from cultured cells and model organisms. Herein, we report the first application of this glycoproteomic platform to human tissues cultured ex vivo. Both normal and cancerous prostate tissues were sliced and cultured in the presence of the azide-functionalized sialic acid biosynthetic precursor Ac4 ManNAz. The compound was metabolized to the azidosialic acid and incorporated into cell surface and secreted sialoglycoproteins. Chemical biotinylation followed by enrichment and mass spectrometry led to the identification of glycoproteins that were found at elevated levels or uniquely in cancerous prostate tissue. This work therefore extends the use of bioorthogonal labeling strategies to problems of clinical relevance.
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Affiliation(s)
- David R Spiciarich
- College of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
| | - Rosalie Nolley
- Department of Urology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
| | - Sophia L Maund
- Department of Urology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
| | - Sean C Purcell
- College of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
| | - Jason Herschel
- Department of Mathematics, California State University, East Bay Hayward, CA, 94542, USA
| | - Anthony T Iavarone
- QB3/Chemistry Mass Spectrometry Facility, UC Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
| | - Donna M Peehl
- Department of Urology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
| | - Carolyn R Bertozzi
- Department of Chemistry, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94305-4401, USA.,Howard Hughes Medical Institute, USA
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29
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Zhu Y, Chen X. Expanding the Scope of Metabolic Glycan Labeling in Arabidopsis thaliana. Chembiochem 2017; 18:1286-1296. [PMID: 28383803 DOI: 10.1002/cbic.201700069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2017] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Metabolic glycan labeling (MGL) has gained wide utility and has become a useful tool for probing glycosylation in living systems. For the past three decades, the development and application of MGL have mostly focused on animal glycosylation. Recently, exploiting MGL for studying plant glycosylation has gained interest. Here, we describe a systematic evaluation of MGL for fluorescence imaging of root glycans in Arabidopsis thaliana. Nineteen monosaccharide analogues containing a bioorthogonal group (azide, alkyne, or cyclopropene) were synthesized and evaluated for metabolic incorporation into root glycans. Among these unnatural sugars, 14 (including three new compounds) were evaluated in plants for the first time. Our results showed that five unnatural sugars metabolically labeled root glycans efficiently, and enabled fluorescence imaging by bioorthogonal conjugation with fluorophores. We optimized the experimental procedures for MGL in Arabidopsis. Finally, distinct distribution patterns of the newly synthesized glycans were observed along the root developmental zones, thus indicating regulated biosynthesis of glycans during root development. We envision that MGL will find broad applications in plant glycobiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuntao Zhu
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Xing Chen
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China.,Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, Synthetic and Functional Biomolecules Center and, Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry and, Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
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30
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Yoon HY, Koo H, Kim K, Kwon IC. Molecular imaging based on metabolic glycoengineering and bioorthogonal click chemistry. Biomaterials 2017; 132:28-36. [PMID: 28399460 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2017.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2017] [Revised: 03/28/2017] [Accepted: 04/03/2017] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Metabolic glycoengineering is a powerful technique that can introduce various chemical groups to cellular glycan by treatment of unnatural monosaccharide. Particularly, this technique has enabled many challenging trials for molecular imaging in combination with click chemistry, which provides fast and specific chemical conjugation reaction of imaging probes to metabolically-modified live cells. This review introduces recent progress in molecular imaging based on the combination of these two cutting-edge techniques. First, these techniques showed promising results in specific tumor cell imaging for cancer diagnosis and therapy. The related researches showed the surface of tumor cells could be labeled with bioorthogonal chemical groups by metabolic glycoengineering, which can be further conjugated with fluorescence dyes or nanoparticles with imaging probes by click chemistry, in vitro and in vivo. This method can be applied to heterogeneous tumor cells regardless of genetic properties of different tumor cells. Furthermore, the amount of targeting moieties on tumor cells can be freely controlled externally by treatment of unnatural monosaccharide. Second, this sequential use of metabolic glycoengineering and click chemistry is also useful in cell tracking to monitor the localization of the inoculated therapeutic cells including chondrocytes and stem cells. This therapeutic cell-labeling technique provided excellent viability of chondrocytes and stem cells during the whole process in vitro and in vivo. It can provide long-term and safe therapeutic cell imaging compared to traditional methods. These overall studies demonstrate the great potential of metabolic glycoengineering and click chemistry in live cell imaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong Yeol Yoon
- Center for Theragnosis, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, 39-1 Hawolgok-dong, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul, 136-791, Republic of Korea
| | - Heebeom Koo
- Department of Medical Lifescience, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, 222, Banpo-daero, Seocho-gu, Seoul, 06591, Republic of Korea
| | - Kwangmeyung Kim
- Center for Theragnosis, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, 39-1 Hawolgok-dong, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul, 136-791, Republic of Korea; KU-KIST Graduate School of Converging Science and Technology, Korea University, 145 Anam-ro, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul, 02841, Republic of Korea.
| | - Ick Chan Kwon
- Center for Theragnosis, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, 39-1 Hawolgok-dong, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul, 136-791, Republic of Korea; KU-KIST Graduate School of Converging Science and Technology, Korea University, 145 Anam-ro, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul, 02841, Republic of Korea.
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31
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Mongis A, Piller F, Piller V. Coupling of Immunostimulants to Live Cells through Metabolic Glycoengineering and Bioorthogonal Click Chemistry. Bioconjug Chem 2017; 28:1151-1165. [PMID: 28297599 DOI: 10.1021/acs.bioconjchem.7b00042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The present study investigated the potential of metabolic glycoengineering followed by bioorthogonal click chemistry for introducing into cell-surface glycans different immunomodulating molecules. Mouse tumor models EG7 and MC38-OVA were treated with Ac4GalNAz and Ac4ManNAz followed by ligation of immunostimulants to modified cell-surface glycans of the living cells through bioorthogonal click chemistry. The presence of covalently bound oligosaccharide and oligonucleotide immunostimulants could be clearly established. The activation of a reporter macrophage cell line was determined. Depending on the tumor cell line, covalently and noncovalently bound CpG activated the macrophages by between 67 and 100% over controls. EG7 cells with covalently attached immunostimulants and controls were injected subcutaneously into C57BL/6 mice. All tumor cells subjected to the complete treatment with control molecules formed tumors like nontreated cells confirming cell viability. However, when CpG oligonucleotide was linked to cell-surface glycans, tumor growth was slowed significantly (60% reduction, n = 10, by covalently bound CpG compared to noncovalently bound CpG, n = 10). When mice that had not developed large tumors were challenged with unmodified EG7 cells, no new tumors developed, suggesting protection through the immune system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aline Mongis
- Centre de Biophysique Moléculaire, CNRS UPR4301 , Rue Charles Sadron, 45071 Orléans, France
| | - Friedrich Piller
- Centre de Biophysique Moléculaire, CNRS UPR4301 , Rue Charles Sadron, 45071 Orléans, France
| | - Véronique Piller
- Centre de Biophysique Moléculaire, CNRS UPR4301 , Rue Charles Sadron, 45071 Orléans, France
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32
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Ardeshiri R, Rezai P. Lab-on-chips for manipulation of small-scale organisms to facilitate imaging of neurons and organs. ANNUAL INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE OF THE IEEE ENGINEERING IN MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY SOCIETY. IEEE ENGINEERING IN MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY SOCIETY. ANNUAL INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE 2017; 2016:5749-5752. [PMID: 28269560 DOI: 10.1109/embc.2016.7592033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Caenorhabditis elegans (C. elegans) and Drosophila melanogaster (D. melanogaster) are widely-used model organisms for neurological and cardiac studies due to their simple neuronal (302 neurons in C. elegans) and cardiac (simple tubular organ in D. melanogaster) systems. However, their small sizes and continuous mobility impede their precise and timely manipulation, hence, limiting the assays that can be done using conventional manual methods. This has resulted in a need for technologies that allow multidirectional manipulation of model organisms to enable studies on target neurons and organs throughout the body. By integration of rotatable glass capillaries with pneumatic suction into microfluidic devices, we propose novel Lab-on-Chips for multi-directional manipulation and imaging of small organisms. These hybrid Lab-on-Chips can facilitate the processes of animal handling and stimuli control, using modules for single-organism selection, orientation, imaging and chemical stimulation. We show the applications of these hybrid microdevices in manipulating C. elegans for neuronal imaging (neuron-level assay) or D. melanogaster for heart screening (organ level assay). These devices can enhance the throughput of biological assays on whole-organisms and find their applications in drug discovery and toxicology.
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33
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Fratila RM, Navascuez M, Idiago-López J, Eceiza M, Miranda JI, Aizpurua JM, de la Fuente JM. Covalent immobilisation of magnetic nanoparticles on surfaces via strain-promoted azide–alkyne click chemistry. NEW J CHEM 2017. [DOI: 10.1039/c7nj01822c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
We report a new family of clickable cyclooctynyl magnetic nanoparticles suitable for bioorthogonal click chemistry applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raluca M. Fratila
- Institute of Materials Science of Aragón (ICMA – CSIC/University of Zaragoza)
- Zaragoza
- Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en red en Bioingenieria Biomateriales y Nanomedicina (CIBER-BBN)
- Zaragoza
| | - Marcos Navascuez
- Institute of Materials Science of Aragón (ICMA – CSIC/University of Zaragoza)
- Zaragoza
- Spain
| | - Javier Idiago-López
- Institute of Materials Science of Aragón (ICMA – CSIC/University of Zaragoza)
- Zaragoza
- Spain
| | - Maite Eceiza
- José Mari Korta R&D Center
- Basque Country University
- UPV/EHU
- Donostia-San Sebastián
- Spain
| | - José I. Miranda
- José Mari Korta R&D Center
- Basque Country University
- UPV/EHU
- Donostia-San Sebastián
- Spain
| | - Jesús M. Aizpurua
- José Mari Korta R&D Center
- Basque Country University
- UPV/EHU
- Donostia-San Sebastián
- Spain
| | - Jesús M. de la Fuente
- Institute of Materials Science of Aragón (ICMA – CSIC/University of Zaragoza)
- Zaragoza
- Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en red en Bioingenieria Biomateriales y Nanomedicina (CIBER-BBN)
- Zaragoza
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34
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Zhang L, Bellve K, Fogarty K, Kobertz WR. Fluorescent Visualization of Cellular Proton Fluxes. Cell Chem Biol 2016; 23:1449-1457. [PMID: 27916567 DOI: 10.1016/j.chembiol.2016.10.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2016] [Revised: 09/22/2016] [Accepted: 10/27/2016] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Cells use plasma membrane proton fluxes to maintain cytoplasmic and extracellular pH and to mediate the co-transport of metabolites and ions. Because proton-coupled transport often involves movement of multiple substrates, traditional electrical measurements provide limited information about proton transport at the cell surface. Here we visualize voltage-dependent proton fluxes over the entire landscape of a cell by covalently attaching small-molecule fluorescent pH sensors to the cell's glycocalyx. We found that the extracellularly facing sensors enable real-time detection of proton accumulation and depletion at the plasma membrane, providing an indirect readout of channel and transporter activity that correlated with whole-cell proton current. Moreover, the proton wavefront emanating from one cell was readily visible as it crossed over nearby cells. Given that any small-molecule fluorescent sensor can be covalently attached to a cell's glycocalyx, our approach is readily adaptable to visualize most electrogenic and non-electrogenic transport events at the plasma membrane.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lejie Zhang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, 364 Plantation Street, Worcester, MA 01605-2324, USA; Programs in Neuroscience and Chemical Biology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, 364 Plantation Street, Worcester, MA 01605-2324, USA
| | - Karl Bellve
- Biomedical Imaging Group, Molecular Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, 364 Plantation Street, Worcester, MA 01605-2324, USA
| | - Kevin Fogarty
- Biomedical Imaging Group, Molecular Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, 364 Plantation Street, Worcester, MA 01605-2324, USA
| | - William R Kobertz
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, 364 Plantation Street, Worcester, MA 01605-2324, USA; Programs in Neuroscience and Chemical Biology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, 364 Plantation Street, Worcester, MA 01605-2324, USA.
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35
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Chuh KN, Batt AR, Pratt MR. Chemical Methods for Encoding and Decoding of Posttranslational Modifications. Cell Chem Biol 2016; 23:86-107. [PMID: 26933738 DOI: 10.1016/j.chembiol.2015.11.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2015] [Revised: 11/25/2015] [Accepted: 11/25/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
A large array of posttranslational modifications can dramatically change the properties of proteins and influence different aspects of their biological function such as enzymatic activity, binding interactions, and proteostasis. Despite the significant knowledge that has been gained about the function of posttranslational modifications using traditional biological techniques, the analysis of the site-specific effects of a particular modification, the identification of the full complement of modified proteins in the proteome, and the detection of new types of modifications remains challenging. Over the years, chemical methods have contributed significantly in both of these areas of research. This review highlights several posttranslational modifications where chemistry-based approaches have made significant contributions to our ability to both prepare homogeneously modified proteins and identify and characterize particular modifications in complex biological settings. As the number and chemical diversity of documented posttranslational modifications continues to rise, we believe that chemical strategies will be essential to advance the field in years to come.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelly N Chuh
- Department of Chemistry, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA
| | - Anna R Batt
- Department of Chemistry, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA
| | - Matthew R Pratt
- Department of Chemistry, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA; Department of Molecular and Computational Biology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA.
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36
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Glycan Engineering for Cell and Developmental Biology. Cell Chem Biol 2016; 23:108-121. [PMID: 26933739 DOI: 10.1016/j.chembiol.2015.12.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2015] [Revised: 12/12/2015] [Accepted: 12/12/2015] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Cell-surface glycans are a diverse class of macromolecules that participate in many key biological processes, including cell-cell communication, development, and disease progression. Thus, the ability to modulate the structures of glycans on cell surfaces provides a powerful means not only to understand fundamental processes but also to direct activity and elicit desired cellular responses. Here, we describe methods to sculpt glycans on cell surfaces and highlight recent successes in which artificially engineered glycans have been employed to control biological outcomes such as the immune response and stem cell fate.
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37
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Sminia TJ, Zuilhof H, Wennekes T. Getting a grip on glycans: A current overview of the metabolic oligosaccharide engineering toolbox. Carbohydr Res 2016; 435:121-141. [PMID: 27750120 DOI: 10.1016/j.carres.2016.09.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2016] [Revised: 09/14/2016] [Accepted: 09/15/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
This review discusses the advances in metabolic oligosaccharide engineering (MOE) from 2010 to 2016 with a focus on the structure, preparation, and reactivity of its chemical probes. A brief historical overview of MOE is followed by a comprehensive overview of the chemical probes currently available in the MOE molecular toolbox and the bioconjugation techniques they enable. The final part of the review focusses on the synthesis of a selection of probes and finishes with an outlook on recent and potential upcoming advances in the field of MOE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tjerk J Sminia
- Laboratory of Organic Chemistry, Wageningen University and Research, Stippeneng 4, 6708 WE Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Han Zuilhof
- Laboratory of Organic Chemistry, Wageningen University and Research, Stippeneng 4, 6708 WE Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Tom Wennekes
- Laboratory of Organic Chemistry, Wageningen University and Research, Stippeneng 4, 6708 WE Wageningen, The Netherlands; Department of Chemical Biology and Drug Discovery, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences and Bijvoet Center for Biomolecular Research, Utrecht University, Universiteitsweg 99, 3584 CG Utrecht, The Netherlands.
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38
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Mateos-Gil P, Letschert S, Doose S, Sauer M. Super-Resolution Imaging of Plasma Membrane Proteins with Click Chemistry. Front Cell Dev Biol 2016; 4:98. [PMID: 27668214 PMCID: PMC5016519 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2016.00098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2016] [Accepted: 08/24/2016] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Besides its function as a passive cell wall, the plasma membrane (PM) serves as a platform for different physiological processes such as signal transduction and cell adhesion, determining the ability of cells to communicate with the exterior, and form tissues. Therefore, the spatial distribution of PM components, and the molecular mechanisms underlying it, have important implications in various biological fields including cell development, neurobiology, and immunology. The existence of confined compartments in the plasma membrane that vary on many length scales from protein multimers to micrometer-size domains with different protein and lipid composition is today beyond all questions. As much as the physiology of cells is controlled by the spatial organization of PM components, the study of distribution, size, and composition remains challenging. Visualization of the molecular distribution of PM components has been impeded mainly due to two problems: the specific labeling of lipids and proteins without perturbing their native distribution and the diffraction-limit of fluorescence microscopy restricting the resolution to about half the wavelength of light. Here, we present a bioorthogonal chemical reporter strategy based on click chemistry and metabolic labeling for efficient and specific visualization of PM proteins and glycans with organic fluorophores in combination with super-resolution fluorescence imaging by direct stochastic optical reconstruction microscopy (dSTORM) with single-molecule sensitivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pablo Mateos-Gil
- Department of Biotechnology and Biophysics, Julius Maximilian University of Würzburg Würzburg, Germany
| | - Sebastian Letschert
- Department of Biotechnology and Biophysics, Julius Maximilian University of Würzburg Würzburg, Germany
| | - Sören Doose
- Department of Biotechnology and Biophysics, Julius Maximilian University of Würzburg Würzburg, Germany
| | - Markus Sauer
- Department of Biotechnology and Biophysics, Julius Maximilian University of Würzburg Würzburg, Germany
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39
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Holstein JM, Anhäuser L, Rentmeister A. Modifying the 5'-Cap for Click Reactions of Eukaryotic mRNA and To Tune Translation Efficiency in Living Cells. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2016; 55:10899-903. [PMID: 27511141 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201604107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2016] [Revised: 06/21/2016] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
The 5'-cap is a hallmark of eukaryotic mRNAs and plays fundamental roles in RNA metabolism, ranging from quality control to export and translation. Modifying the 5'-cap may thus enable modulation of the underlying processes and investigation or tuning of several biological functions. A straightforward approach is presented for the efficient production of a range of N7-modified caps based on the highly promiscuous methyltransferase Ecm1. We show that these, as well as N(2) -modified 5'-caps, can be used to tune translation of the respective mRNAs both in vitro and in cells. Appropriate modifications allow subsequent bioorthogonal chemistry, as demonstrated by intracellular live-cell labeling of a target mRNA. The efficient and versatile N7 manipulation of the mRNA cap makes mRNAs amenable to both modulation of their biological function and intracellular labeling, and represents a valuable addition to the chemical biology toolbox.
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Affiliation(s)
- Josephin M Holstein
- University of Muenster, Department of Chemistry, Institute of Biochemistry, Wilhelm-Klemm-Strasse 2, 48149, Muenster, Germany
| | - Lea Anhäuser
- University of Muenster, Department of Chemistry, Institute of Biochemistry, Wilhelm-Klemm-Strasse 2, 48149, Muenster, Germany
| | - Andrea Rentmeister
- University of Muenster, Department of Chemistry, Institute of Biochemistry, Wilhelm-Klemm-Strasse 2, 48149, Muenster, Germany. .,Cells-in-Motion Cluster of Excellence (EXC 1003-CiM), University of Muenster, Germany.
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40
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Holstein JM, Anhäuser L, Rentmeister A. Modifizierung der 5′-Kappe eukaryotischer mRNA für Klick-Reaktionen und zur Beeinflussung der Translationseffizienz in lebenden Zellen. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201604107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Josephin M. Holstein
- Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster; Fachbereich Chemie und Pharmazie; Institut für Biochemie; Wilhelm-Klemm-Straße 2 48149 Münster Deutschland
| | - Lea Anhäuser
- Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster; Fachbereich Chemie und Pharmazie; Institut für Biochemie; Wilhelm-Klemm-Straße 2 48149 Münster Deutschland
| | - Andrea Rentmeister
- Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster; Fachbereich Chemie und Pharmazie; Institut für Biochemie; Wilhelm-Klemm-Straße 2 48149 Münster Deutschland
- Cells-in-Motion Cluster of Excellence (EXC 1003 - CiM); Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster; Deutschland
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41
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Wratil PR, Horstkorte R, Reutter W. Metabolic Glycoengineering with N-Acyl Side Chain Modified Mannosamines. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2016; 55:9482-512. [PMID: 27435524 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201601123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
In metabolic glycoengineering (MGE), cells or animals are treated with unnatural derivatives of monosaccharides. After entering the cytosol, these sugar analogues are metabolized and subsequently expressed on newly synthesized glycoconjugates. The feasibility of MGE was first discovered for sialylated glycans, by using N-acyl-modified mannosamines as precursor molecules for unnatural sialic acids. Prerequisite is the promiscuity of the enzymes of the Roseman-Warren biosynthetic pathway. These enzymes were shown to tolerate specific modifications of the N-acyl side chain of mannosamine analogues, for example, elongation by one or more methylene groups (aliphatic modifications) or by insertion of reactive groups (bioorthogonal modifications). Unnatural sialic acids are incorporated into glycoconjugates of cells and organs. MGE has intriguing biological consequences for treated cells (aliphatic MGE) and offers the opportunity to visualize the topography and dynamics of sialylated glycans in vitro, ex vivo, and in vivo (bioorthogonal MGE).
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul R Wratil
- Institut für Laboratoriumsmedizin, Klinische Chemie und Pathobiochemie, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Arnimallee 22, 14195, Berlin, Germany.
| | - Rüdiger Horstkorte
- Institut für Physiologische Chemie, Martin-Luther-Universität Halle-Wittenberg, Hollystrasse 1, 06114, Halle, Germany.
| | - Werner Reutter
- Institut für Laboratoriumsmedizin, Klinische Chemie und Pathobiochemie, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Arnimallee 22, 14195, Berlin, Germany
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42
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Wratil PR, Horstkorte R, Reutter W. Metabolisches Glykoengineering mitN-Acyl-Seiten- ketten-modifizierten Mannosaminen. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201601123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Paul R. Wratil
- Institut für Laboratoriumsmedizin, Klinische Chemie und Pathobiochemie; Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin; Arnimallee 22 14195 Berlin Deutschland
| | - Rüdiger Horstkorte
- Institut für Physiologische Chemie; Martin-Luther-Universität Halle-Wittenberg; Hollystraße 1 06114 Halle Deutschland
| | - Werner Reutter
- Institut für Laboratoriumsmedizin, Klinische Chemie und Pathobiochemie; Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin; Arnimallee 22 14195 Berlin Deutschland
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43
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Hapuarachchige S, Kato Y, Artemov D. Bioorthogonal two-component drug delivery in HER2(+) breast cancer mouse models. Sci Rep 2016; 6:24298. [PMID: 27068794 PMCID: PMC4828666 DOI: 10.1038/srep24298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2016] [Accepted: 03/24/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The HER2 receptor is overexpressed in approximately 20% of breast cancers and is associated with tumorigenesis, metastasis, and a poor prognosis. Trastuzumab is a first-line targeted drug used against HER2(+) breast cancers; however, at least 50% of HER2(+) tumors develop resistance to trastuzumab. To treat these patients, trastuzumab-based antibody-drug conjugates (ACDs) have been developed and are currently used in the clinic. Despite their high efficacy, the long circulation half-life and non-specific binding of cytotoxic ADCs can result in systemic toxicity. In addition, standard ADCs do not provide an image-guided mode of administration. Here, we have developed a two-component, two-step, pre-targeting drug delivery system integrated with image guidance to circumvent these issues. In this strategy, HER2 receptors are pre-labeled with a functionalized trastuzumab antibody followed by the delivery of drug-loaded nanocarriers. Both components are cross-linked by multiple bioorthogonal click reactions in situ on the surface of the target cell and internalized as nanoclusters. We have explored the efficacy of this delivery strategy in HER2(+) human breast cancer models. Our therapeutic study confirms the high therapeutic efficacy of the new delivery system, with no significant toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sudath Hapuarachchige
- Division of Cancer Imaging Research, Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Yoshinori Kato
- Division of Cancer Imaging Research, Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA.,Department of Oncology, The Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA.,Hoshi University School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Life Science Tokyo Advanced Research Center (L-StaR), Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo 142-8501, JAPAN
| | - Dmitri Artemov
- Division of Cancer Imaging Research, Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA.,Department of Oncology, The Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
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44
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Gutmann M, Memmel E, Braun AC, Seibel J, Meinel L, Lühmann T. Biocompatible Azide-Alkyne "Click" Reactions for Surface Decoration of Glyco-Engineered Cells. Chembiochem 2016; 17:866-75. [PMID: 26818821 DOI: 10.1002/cbic.201500582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2015] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Bio-orthogonal copper (I)-catalyzed azide-alkyne cycloaddition (CuAAC) has been widely used to modify azide- or alkyne-bearing monosaccharides on metabolic glyco-engineered mammalian cells. Here, we present a systematic study to elucidate the design space for the cytotoxic effects of the copper catalyst on NIH 3T3 fibroblasts and on HEK 293-F cells. Monitoring membrane integrity by flow cytometry and RT-PCR analysis with apoptotic and anti-apoptotic markers elucidated the general feasibility of CuAAC, with exposure time of the CuAAC reaction mixture having the major influence on biocompatibility. A high labeling efficiency of HEK 293-F cells with a fluorescent alkyne dye was rapidly achieved by CuAAC in comparison to copper free strain-promoted azide-alkyne cycloaddition (SPAAC). The study details effective and biocompatible conditions for CuAAC-based modification of glyco-engineered cells in comparison to its copper free alternative.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcus Gutmann
- Institute of Pharmacy and Food Chemistry, University of Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Elisabeth Memmel
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Alexandra C Braun
- Institute of Pharmacy and Food Chemistry, University of Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Jürgen Seibel
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Lorenz Meinel
- Institute of Pharmacy and Food Chemistry, University of Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Tessa Lühmann
- Institute of Pharmacy and Food Chemistry, University of Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074, Würzburg, Germany.
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45
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Dumont M, Lehner A, Vauzeilles B, Malassis J, Marchant A, Smyth K, Linclau B, Baron A, Mas Pons J, Anderson CT, Schapman D, Galas L, Mollet JC, Lerouge P. Plant cell wall imaging by metabolic click-mediated labelling of rhamnogalacturonan II using azido 3-deoxy-D-manno-oct-2-ulosonic acid. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2016; 85:437-47. [PMID: 26676799 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.13104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2015] [Revised: 11/23/2015] [Accepted: 11/27/2015] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
In plants, 3-deoxy-d-manno-oct-2-ulosonic acid (Kdo) is a monosaccharide that is only found in the cell wall pectin, rhamnogalacturonan-II (RG-II). Incubation of 4-day-old light-grown Arabidopsis seedlings or tobacco BY-2 cells with 8-azido 8-deoxy Kdo (Kdo-N3 ) followed by coupling to an alkyne-containing fluorescent probe resulted in the specific in muro labelling of RG-II through a copper-catalysed azide-alkyne cycloaddition reaction. CMP-Kdo synthetase inhibition and competition assays showing that Kdo and D-Ara, a precursor of Kdo, but not L-Ara, inhibit incorporation of Kdo-N3 demonstrated that incorporation of Kdo-N3 occurs in RG-II through the endogenous biosynthetic machinery of the cell. Co-localisation of Kdo-N3 labelling with the cellulose-binding dye calcofluor white demonstrated that RG-II exists throughout the primary cell wall. Additionally, after incubating plants with Kdo-N3 and an alkynated derivative of L-fucose that incorporates into rhamnogalacturonan I, co-localised fluorescence was observed in the cell wall in the elongation zone of the root. Finally, pulse labelling experiments demonstrated that metabolic click-mediated labelling with Kdo-N3 provides an efficient method to study the synthesis and redistribution of RG-II during root growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie Dumont
- Laboratoire Glycobiologie et Matrice Extracellulaire Végétale (Glyco-MEV), EA 4358, IRIB, VASI, Normandie Université, 76821, Mont-Saint-Aignan, France
| | - Arnaud Lehner
- Laboratoire Glycobiologie et Matrice Extracellulaire Végétale (Glyco-MEV), EA 4358, IRIB, VASI, Normandie Université, 76821, Mont-Saint-Aignan, France
| | - Boris Vauzeilles
- Institut de Chimie des Substances Naturelles (ICSN) UPR CNRS 2301, 91198, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
- Institut de Chimie Moléculaire et des Matériaux d'Orsay (ICMMO) UMR CNRS 8182, Université de Paris Sud, 91405, Orsay, France
- Click4Tag, Zone Luminy Biotech, Case 922, 163 Avenue de Luminy, 13009, Marseille, France
| | - Julien Malassis
- Chemistry, University of Southampton, Southampton, SO17 1BJ, UK
| | - Alan Marchant
- Centre for Biological Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton, SO17 1BJ, UK
| | - Kevin Smyth
- Chemistry, University of Southampton, Southampton, SO17 1BJ, UK
| | - Bruno Linclau
- Chemistry, University of Southampton, Southampton, SO17 1BJ, UK
| | - Aurélie Baron
- Institut de Chimie des Substances Naturelles (ICSN) UPR CNRS 2301, 91198, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Jordi Mas Pons
- Institut de Chimie des Substances Naturelles (ICSN) UPR CNRS 2301, 91198, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Charles T Anderson
- Department of Biology and Center for Lignocellulose Structure and Formation, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA
| | - Damien Schapman
- PRIMACEN, IRIB, Normandie Université, 76821, Mont-Saint-Aignan, France
| | - Ludovic Galas
- PRIMACEN, IRIB, Normandie Université, 76821, Mont-Saint-Aignan, France
| | - Jean-Claude Mollet
- Laboratoire Glycobiologie et Matrice Extracellulaire Végétale (Glyco-MEV), EA 4358, IRIB, VASI, Normandie Université, 76821, Mont-Saint-Aignan, France
| | - Patrice Lerouge
- Laboratoire Glycobiologie et Matrice Extracellulaire Végétale (Glyco-MEV), EA 4358, IRIB, VASI, Normandie Université, 76821, Mont-Saint-Aignan, France
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46
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Bioorthogonal Chemistry—Introduction and Overview [corrected]. Top Curr Chem (Cham) 2016; 374:9. [PMID: 27572992 DOI: 10.1007/s41061-016-0010-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2015] [Accepted: 01/15/2016] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Bioorthogonal chemistry has emerged as a new powerful tool that facilitates the study of structure and function of biomolecules in their native environment. A wide variety of bioorthogonal reactions that can proceed selectively and efficiently under physiologically relevant conditions are now available. The common features of these chemical reactions include: fast kinetics, tolerance to aqueous environment, high selectivity and compatibility with naturally occurring functional groups. The design and development of new chemical transformations in this direction is an important step to meet the growing demands of chemical biology. This chapter aims to introduce the reader to the field by providing an overview on general principles and strategies used in bioorthogonal chemistry. Special emphasis is given to cycloaddition reactions, namely to 1,3-dipolar cycloadditions and Diels-Alder reactions, as chemical transformations that play a predominant role in modern bioconjugation chemistry. The recent advances have established these reactions as an invaluable tool in modern bioorthogonal chemistry. The key aspects of the methodology as well as future outlooks in the field are discussed.
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47
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Affiliation(s)
- Suguru Yoshida
- Institute of Biomaterials and Bioengineering, Tokyo Medical and Dental University
| | - Isao Kii
- RIKEN Center for Life Science Technologies
| | - Takamitsu Hosoya
- Institute of Biomaterials and Bioengineering, Tokyo Medical and Dental University
- RIKEN Center for Life Science Technologies
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48
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Yang S, Rubin A, Eshghi ST, Zhang H. Chemoenzymatic method for glycomics: Isolation, identification, and quantitation. Proteomics 2015; 16:241-56. [PMID: 26390280 DOI: 10.1002/pmic.201500266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2015] [Revised: 08/15/2015] [Accepted: 09/15/2015] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Over the past decade, considerable progress has been made with respect to the analytical methods for analysis of glycans from biological sources. Regardless of the specific methods that are used, glycan analysis includes isolation, identification, and quantitation. Derivatization is indispensable to increase their identification. Derivatization of glycans can be performed by permethylation or carbodiimide coupling/esterification. By introducing a fluorophore or chromophore at their reducing end, glycans can be separated by electrophoresis or chromatography. The fluorogenically labeled glycans can be quantitated using fluorescent detection. The recently developed approaches using solid-phase such as glycoprotein immobilization for glycan extraction and on-tissue glycan mass spectrometry imaging demonstrate advantages over methods performed in solution. Derivatization of sialic acids is favorably implemented on the solid support using carbodiimide coupling, and the released glycans can be further modified at the reducing end or permethylated for quantitative analysis. In this review, methods for glycan isolation, identification, and quantitation are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuang Yang
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, USA
| | - Abigail Rubin
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, USA
| | | | - Hui Zhang
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, USA
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49
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Sun W, Chu T. In vivo click reaction between Tc-99m-labeled azadibenzocyclooctyne-MAMA and 2-nitroimidazole-azide for tumor hypoxia targeting. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2015; 25:4453-6. [PMID: 26358160 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2015.09.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2015] [Revised: 08/21/2015] [Accepted: 09/04/2015] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
The bioactivity of nitroimidazole in Tc-99m-labeled 2-nitroimidazole, a traditional solid tumor hypoxia-imaging agent for single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT), is reduced by the presence of large ligand and metallic radionuclide, exhibiting lower tumor-to-nontumor ratios. In an effort to solve this general problem, a pretargeting strategy based on click chemistry (strain-promoted cyclooctyne-azide cycloaddition) was applied. The functional click synthons were synthesized as pretargeting components: an azide group linked to 2-nitroimidazole (2NIM-Az) serves for tumor hypoxia-targeting and azadibenzocyclooctyne conjugated with monoamine monoamide dithiol ligand (AM) functions as radiolabeling and binding group to azides in vivo. 2NIM-triazole-MAMA was obtained from in vitro click reaction with a reaction rate constant of 0.98M(-1)s(-1). AM and 2NIM-triazole-MAMA were radiolabeled with Tc-99m. The hypoxia-pretargeting biodistribution was studied in Kunming mice bearing S180 tumor; (99m)Tc-AM and (99m)Tc-triazole-2NIM were used as blank control and conventional control. Compared to the control groups, the pretargeting experiment exhibits the best radio-uptake and retention in tumor, with higher tumor-to-muscle and tumor-to-blood ratios (up to 8.55 and 1.44 at 8h post-(99m)Tc-complex-injection, respectively). To some extent, the pretargeting strategy protects the bioactivity of nitroimidazole and therefore provides an innovative approach for the development of tumor hypoxia-SPECT imaging agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenjing Sun
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Radiochemistry and Radiation Chemistry Key Laboratory of Fundamental Science, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Taiwei Chu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Radiochemistry and Radiation Chemistry Key Laboratory of Fundamental Science, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China.
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50
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Zayas J, Annoual M, Das JK, Felty Q, Gonzalez WG, Miksovska J, Sharifai N, Chiba A, Wnuk SF. Strain Promoted Click Chemistry of 2- or 8-Azidopurine and 5-Azidopyrimidine Nucleosides and 8-Azidoadenosine Triphosphate with Cyclooctynes. Application to Living Cell Fluorescent Imaging. Bioconjug Chem 2015; 26:1519-32. [PMID: 26086070 DOI: 10.1021/acs.bioconjchem.5b00300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Strain-promoted click chemistry of nucleosides and nucleotides with an azido group directly attached to the purine and pyrimidine rings with various cyclooctynes in aqueous solution at ambient temperature resulted in efficient formation (3 min to 3 h) of fluorescent, light-up, triazole products. The 2- and 8-azidoadenine nucleosides reacted with fused cyclopropyl cyclooctyne, dibenzylcyclooctyne, or monofluorocyclooctyne to produce click products functionalized with hydroxyl, amino, N-hydroxysuccinimide, or biotin moieties. The 5-azidouridine and 5-azido-2'-deoxyuridine were similarly converted to the analogous triazole products in quantitative yields in less than 5 min. The 8-azido-ATP quantitatively afforded the triazole product with fused cyclopropyl cyclooctyne in aqueous acetonitrile (3 h). The novel triazole adducts at the 2- or 8-position of adenine or 5-position of uracil rings induce fluorescence properties which were used for direct imaging in MCF-7 cancer cells without the need for traditional fluorogenic reporters. FLIM of the triazole click adducts demonstrated their potential utility for dynamic measuring and tracking of signaling events inside single living cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Nima Sharifai
- §Department of Biology, University of Miami, Coral Gables, Florida 33146, United States
| | - Akira Chiba
- §Department of Biology, University of Miami, Coral Gables, Florida 33146, United States
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